pyx

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-pyx.wav

The noun is derived from Late Middle English pix, pixe (“vessel for holding a host, pyx; hip bone socket, pyxis”) [and other forms], from Late Latin pyxis (“vessel for holding a host”), Latin pyxis (“small box for medicines or toiletries; box holding sample coins for testing; hip bone socket; sailor's compass”), from Koine Greek πυξίς (puxís), Ancient Greek πῠξῐ́ς (pŭxĭ́s, “box; box or tablet made of boxwood; cylinder”), from πῠ́ξος (pŭ́xos, “box tree; boxwood”) + -ῐς (-ĭs, suffix forming feminine nouns). Doublet of box, piseog, and pyxis.
The verb is derived from the noun.

ref

From the collection of the Musée de Cluny in Paris, France.

der

[F]oraſmuche as we have often and many tymes, to our inwarde regrete and diſpleaſure, ſeen at oure Jen, in diverſe and many Churches of our Realme, the holie Sacrament of the Aulter kept in ful simple and inhoneſt Pixes, ſpecially Pixes of copre and tymbre: we have appointed and commaunded the Treſourer of our Chambre, and Maiſtre of our Juellhouſe, to cauſe to be made furthwith Pixes of ſilver and gilte, in a greate nombre, for the keping of the holie Sacrament of th'Aultre, after the faction of a Pixe that we have cauſed to be delivered to theim, […]

1509 April 20 (Gregorian calendar), Henry VII of England, edited by [Thomas Astle], The Will of King Henry VII, London: Printed for the editor; and sold by T[homas] Payne, […]; and B[enjamin] White, […], published 1775, →OCLC, pages 37–38:

With Croſſes, Relicks, Crucifixes, / Beads, Pictures, Roſaries and Pixes: / The Tools of working out Salvation, / By meer Mechanick Operation.

1677 (indicated as 1678), [Samuel Butler], “[The Third Part of Hudibras]. Canto I.”, in Hudibras. The Third and Last Part. […], London: […] Robert Horne, […], published 1679, →OCLC; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC, page 86:

They have Pixes and Chalices for the Bleſſed Sacrament five hundred and fifty, ſome of pure Gold, others of Silver and Criſtal; and among them, is one that was offer'd to our Bleſſed Saviour, by one of the three Kings, when they came to Worſhip him, and brought Preſents.

1702, [William Bromley], “[In Italy]”, in Several Years Travels through Portugal, Spain, Italy, Germany, Prussia, Sweden, Denmark and the United Provinces. […], London: […] A[bel] Roper, […], R. Basset […], and W. Turner […], →OCLC, page 52:

The slight breach was fortunately committed by a distant relation of the Archbishop of Toledo, and consisted merely in his entering the church intoxicated, (a rare vice in Spaniards), attempting to drag the matin preacher from the pulpit, and failing in that, getting astride as well as he could on the altar, dashing down the tapers, overturning the vases and the pix, and trying to scratch out, as with the talons of a demon, the painting that hung over the table, uttering all the while the most horrible blasphemies, and even soliciting the portrait of the Virgin in language not to be repeated.

1820, [Charles Robert Maturin], chapter V, in Melmoth the Wanderer: A Tale. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Company, and Hurst, Robinson, and Co., […], →OCLC, page 273:

[W]here am I to find such a sum? If I sell the very pyx and candlesticks on the altar at Jorvaulx, I shall scarce raise the half; […]

1819 December 20 (indicated as 1820), Walter Scott, chapter III, in Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volume III, Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 69:

He [Augustus Pugin] has a most sincere love for his profession, a hearty honest enthusiasm for pixes and piscinas; and though he will never design so much as a pix or piscina thoroughly well, yet better than most of the experimental architects of the day.

1851, John Ruskin, “[Appendix] 12. Romanist Modern Art.”, in The Stones of Venice, volume I (The Foundations), London: Smith, Elder, and Co., […], →OCLC, page 373:

In the twelfth century Germany was at the head of artistic movement, and even France sent to her for skilled workmen in the industrial arts. Her treasuries are still rich in the various beautiful objects comprehended under the name of altar furniture, such as chalices, pyxes and monstrances, missals, reliquaries, and so on.

1870 March 26, “Reviews. Ecclesiastical Art in Germany during the Middle Ages. By Dr. Wilhelm Lübke. London: Simpkin & Marshall.”, in The Architect. A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Art, Civil Engineering, and Building, volume III, London: Gilbert Wood; […], →OCLC, page 152, column 2:

Let chalice, pyx and paten, lamp and candelabrum, crozier and mitre be studded with diamonds, rubies, sapphires and emeralds, and further enriched with figured representations of divine persons and things.

1888 July, “Art and Religion. Annual Lecture of Sir [Frederic] Leighton, President of the Royal Academy. London. The Decline of Art. By Francis Turner Palgrave, Professor of Poetry at Oxford.”, in The American Catholic Quarterly Review, volume XIII, number 51, Philadelphia, Pa.: Hardy and Mahony, […], →OCLC, page 412:

They plundered the abbey of Holyrood at their departure, and afterwards the abbeys of Melrose and Dryburgh in their retreat, venting their rage by slaying the prior of Melrose and a few old monks who were too frail to take to flight, and carrying off a pyx from the altar after they had contemptuously thrown away the host.

1893, Thomas Thomson, Charles Annandale, “Reign of Robert Bruce Continued (1318–1326)”, in A History of the Scottish People from the Earliest Times. […], divisional volume I (Earliest Times till Death of Robert Bruce, 1329), London, Glasgow: Blackie & Son, […], →OCLC, page 259, column 1:

And at the same instant perhaps a priest round the corner is elevating it. Dringdring! And two streets off another locking it into a pyx. Dringadring! And in a ladychapel another taking housel all to his own cheek. Dringdring!

1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 3: Proteus]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part I [Telemachia], page 40:

Inventory references and examples preserved to this day attest to the fact that pyxes were among the objects most frequently made by Limousin workshops. […] It is likely that, as early as the ninth century, pyxes containing the body of Christ (cum corpore Domini) were placed on the altar and used for the Communion of the sick. […] The pyx from the former Côte Collection is among the oldest and most beautiful examples.

1996, “IV. Limoges in Transition (1190–1230)”, in John P. O’Neill, editor, Enamels of Limoges 1100–1350, New York, N.Y.: Metropolitan Museum of Art, →ISBN, entry 74 (Pyx), page 258:

On one of these visits she asked me to get her pyx, a beautiful, golden, highly decorated container used to carry the hosts for Holy Communion. She gave this to her fellow church worker who gave Mum her last Holy Communion.

2009, Claire Leimbach, Trypheyna McShane, Zenith Virago, “Talking about Death”, in The Intimacy of Death and Dying: Simple Guidance to Help You Through, Crows Nest, N.S.W.: Inspired Living, Allen & Unwin, →ISBN, pages 6–7:

(Roman Catholicism, also figurative) A small, usually round container used to hold the host (“consecrated bread or wafer of the Eucharist”), especially when bringing communion to the sick or others unable to attend Mass.


presidency

en-noun

presidency (countable and uncountable, plural presidencies)

presidencies (plural)
presidence (alternative obsolete)

From Medieval Latin praesidentia. By surface analysis, president + -cy.

(Christianity) The role of ordained clergy in the celebration of the Eucharist in some denominations.


Horologium

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Christian Huygens
Horologium (constellation)
Horologium Oscillitorium
Nicolas Louis de Lacaille
Solarium Augusti
Tower of the Winds

See horologium. As a location in Rome, a clipping of Latin Hōrologium Augustī (“Sundial of Augustus”). As a constellation, a clipping of Latin Hōrologium Oscillitorium (“Pendulum Clock”), coined in 1763 by the French astronomer De Lacaille to honor the Dutch astronomer and mathematician Christian Huygens, who had written a major work by that name.

bor

(Christianity) Alternative letter-case form of horologium, the book of hours in the Eastern Orthodox and Catholic churches.


horologium

en-noun

horologium (plural horologiums or horologia)

horologiums (plural)
horologia (plural)
Horologium (alternative)

/hɔɹəˈloʊd͡ʒiəm/

/hɔɹəˈloʊɡiəm/

/hɒɹəˈləʊd͡ʒɪəm/

/hɒɹəˈləʊɡɪəm/

From Latin horologium, from Ancient Greek ὡρολόγιον (hōrológion). In reference to Eastern Orthodoxy, via its Byzantine Greek development. See menologium. Doublet of horologe.

(Christianity) Synonym of horologion, the book of hours in Eastern Orthodoxy and Catholicism.


pyxis

From Latin pyxis (“small box”). Doublet of box, piseog, and pyx.

(Christianity) The box in which ashes are stored for Ash Wednesday.


a-word

It was Lent; “alleluia” is not sung in the Catholic church during Lent. I told her Babloo liked songs with the “A-word.”

2008, Mary Poplin, Finding Calcutta: What Mother Teresa Taught Me About Meaningful Work and Service, →ISBN, page 71:

My congregation is frustrated because we can’t sing carols during Advent, and now we can’t say the A-word [Alleluia] during Lent.

2009, Melinda A. Quivik, Serving the Word, →ISBN, page 43:

What we give up — the A-word. […] I added what we call the A-word in Lent, since we stop saying “a-l-l-e-l-u-i-a” for this season (Shhhh!).

2022 April 1, Keith Dorwick, “Deeper and deeper into Lenten quiet”, in Peninsula Daily News:

(euphemistic, Christianity) The word alleluia, typically in the context of Lent since the Lenten liturgies of various Christian churches omit the alleluia.


credo

Inherited from Middle English credo, from Old French credo, from Latin crēdō (“I believe”); doublet of creed.

Credo III is so beautiful!

Until the mid-1970s, however, most Catholic hymnals contained at least one musical setting of the creed […] By the 1980s hymnals having sung credos were mainly those devoted to "traditional" styles of church music […]

1996, Pastoral Music, volume 21, page 12:

(Christianity) The liturgical creed (usually the Nicene Creed), or a musical arrangement of it for use in church services.


rubric

From Middle English rubriche, rubrike, from Old French rubrique, from Latin rūbrīca (“red ochre”), the substance used to make red letters, from ruber (“red”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-.

All the clergy in England solemnly pledge themselves to observe the rubrics.

(Christianity) The directions for a religious service, formerly printed in red letters.


Bible Belt

the Bible Belt (canonical)
Bible belt (alternative)

First used by American journalist H. L. Mencken, who wrote in the Chicago Daily Tribune in 1924 that "the old game, I suspect, is beginning to play out in the Bible Belt."

For quotations using this term, see Citations:Bible Belt.

(Christianity) An area where socially conservative Protestant Christianity is a pervasive or dominant part of the culture.

聖經帶 /圣经带

area where conservative Protestant Christianity is dominant


Mass card

(Christianity) A religious card that states that a Catholic Mass has been said in honour of a dead person, or as a request for special favours such as improved health or success in a worldly endeavour.


month's mind

months' minds (plural)
month mind (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-month's mind.wav

From Middle English monethes mynde under influence from Medieval Latin dies mensis (“day of the month”) and Old English ġemynd, whose principal sense was "memory".

der

(Christianity, now chiefly Ireland and Scotland) A requiem mass or other commemoration of a deceased person held one month after burial.


kyrie

/ˈkɪəɹ.ɪˌeɪ/

From Ecclesiastical Latin Kyrie, contraction of the Ancient Greek phrase Κύριε ἐλέησον (Kúrie eléēson, “Lord, have mercy”), from Ancient Greek Κύριε (Kúrie), vocative form of Κύριος (Kúrios, “Lord”), from κῦρος (kûros, “supremacy, authority”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱēw-, *ḱewh₁- (“to swell, spread out, be strong, prevail”).

(Christianity) A short prayer or petition including the phrase kyrie eleison, meaning “Lord, have mercy”.


Magnificat

Borrowed from Latin magnificat, the first word of the Latin version of the canticle.

(Christianity, music) The liturgical canticle of the Virgin Mary, sung in Christian churches; taken from her reported words upon the occasion of her Visitation to her cousin Elizabeth.


patriarchy

en-noun

patriarchy (countable and uncountable, plural patriarchies)

/ˈpeɪ̯tɹɪɑːkɪ/

/ˈpætɹɪɑːkɪ/

From Latin patriarchia, from Byzantine Greek πατριαρχία (patriarkhía), from Koine Greek πατριάρχης (patriárkhēs, “patriarch”), from πατρία (patría) and ἄρχω (árkhō). By surface analysis, patri- + -archy.

der

(Christianity) The office of a patriarch; a patriarchate.


jubilee

en-noun

jubilee (countable and uncountable, plural jubilees)

jubilees (plural)
jubile (alternative)
Jubilee (alternative)

/ˌd͡ʒuːbɪˈliː/

senses 3.3 and 3.4 when spelled jubile, obsolete

Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office

From Late Middle English jubile [and other forms], from Middle French jubile, from Old French jubilee, jubileus (modern French jubilé), from Late Latin iūbilaeus (adjective, also treated as a noun), from Ancient Greek ἰωβηλαῖος (iōbēlaîos, “of a jubilee”), from ἰώβηλος (iṓbēlos, “jubilee”) + -ῐος (-ĭos, suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). Ἰώβηλος (Iṓbēlos) is derived from Hebrew יוֹבֵל (yōḇēl, “ram, trumpet made from a ram’s horn; jubilee”) (because a ram’s horn trumpet was originally used to proclaim the event; see Leviticus 25:9), influenced by Latin iūbilum (“a cry, a shout”) and iūbilō (“to cheer, shout or sing joyfully”). Cognate with Italian giubileo, Spanish jubileo.

der

(Roman Catholicism) A special year (originally held every hundred years, then at more frequent intervals, and now declarable by the Pope at any time and also for periods less than a year) in which plenary indulgences and remission from sin can be granted upon making a pilgrimage to Rome or other designated churches.

禧年

(Roman Catholicism) special year in which plenary indulgences and remission from sin can be granted upon making a pilgrimage


Law

A semantic loan of Greek νόμος (nómos, “law”), rendering Hebrew תּוֹרָה (tōrāh, “instruction, teaching”) in the sense of divine law.

(Christianity, biblical) the commandments in the Books of Moses, sometimes seen as transcended by Christ

(Christianity, less often) the commandments and moral principles that are binding for Christians, such as the Decalogue, the teachings of the New Testament, the Church Fathers, etc.


True Cross

(Christianity) The cross on which Christ was crucified, particularly considered as a relic.


year of our Lord

en-noun

year of our Lord (plural years of our Lord)

years of our Lord (plural)
year of the Lord (alternative)
year of our Lord Jesus Christ (alternative)

AC

antonym(s) of “of the Common/Christian Era”

And for the continuing and preſerving the Calendar or Method of Reckoning, and computing the Days of the Year in the ſame regular Courſe, as near as may be, in all Times coming; be it further enacted by the Authority aforeſaid, That the ſeveral Years of our Lord, One thouſand eight hundred, One thouſand nine hundred, Two thouſand one hundred, Two thouſand two hundred, Two thouſand three hundred, or any other Hundredth Years of our Lord, which ſhall happen in Time to come, except only every Fourth hundredth Year of our Lord, whereof the Year of our Lord Two thouſand ſhall be the Firſt, ſhall not be eſteemed or taken to be Biſſextile or Leap Years, but ſhall be taken to be common Years, conſiſting of Three hundred and ſixty five Days, and no more; and that the Years of our Lord, Two thouſand eight hundred, and every other Fourth hundredth Year of our Lord, from the ſaid Year of our Lord Two Thouſand incluſive, and alſo all other Years of our Lord, which by the preſent Supputation are eſteemed to be Biſſextile, or Leap Years, ſhall for the future, and in all Times to come be eſteemed and taken to be Biſſextile or Leap Years, conſiſting of Three hundred and ſixty ſix Days, in the ſame Sort and Manner as is now uſed with reſpect to every Fourth Year of our Lord.

1751, “An Act for regulating the Commencement of the Year; and for correcting the Calendar now in Use”, in Anno Regni Georgii II. Regis Magnæ Britanniæ, Franciæ, & Hiberniæ, Vicesimo-Quarto. […], Edinburgh: […] the Assigns of Robert Freebairn […], pages 7–8:

IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, / I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the National Archives and Records Administration to be affixed. / DONE at the City of Washington this 18th day of May in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and ninety-two.

1992, certification of the Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution, (image):

Born in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty on September 9, Jeremy had many wonderful friends and family, which sit here with us today.

2007, Tom Thunderhorse, Charlie Goodbear, Xlibris, →ISBN, page 168:

(Christianity) A year of the Common Era/Christian Era; anno Domini; numbered from the once estimated first year for the birth of Jesus Christ.


heavenly body

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(religion, chiefly Christianity) The recreated, angel-like body that people will have in heaven.


sodality

From the French sodalité or its etymon, the Latin sodālitās, from sodālis (“companion”).

On the wall of his bedroom hung an illuminated scroll, the certificate of his prefecture in the college of the sodality of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

1916 December 29, James Joyce, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, New York, N.Y.: B[enjamin] W. Huebsch, →OCLC:

(Christianity) Spiritual communion with a divine being; a fellowship.


syndic

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-syndic.wav

Borrowed from French syndic (“delegated representative; a chief magistrate of Geneva; a censor; critic (obsolete)”), from Late Latin syndicus (“representative of a corporation or town, syndic”), from Ancient Greek σύνδικος (súndikos, “advocate of a defendant”), from σῠν- (sŭn-, prefix meaning ‘together, with’) + δῐ́κη (dĭ́kē, “law, order; right; judgment; justice; lawsuit; trial”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to point out”)) + -ος (-os, suffix forming nouns).

ref

From the collection of the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam in the Netherlands.

der

The larger powers with which the syndic was invested by Martin IV and by his successors, Martin V ("Constitutiones Martinianae") in Wadding, "Annales", X, 301) and Paul IV ("Ex Clementi", 1 July, 1555), gave rise to the appellation syndicus Martinianus in contradistinction to syndicus communis.

1912, Catholic Encyclopedia - Volume 14, page 385:

(Catholicism) A layperson who is given official responsibility for the finances, care, and civil administration of the nonreligious details of a convent or religious community.


magis

(Roman Catholicism) The philosophy of striving to do more for Jesus Christ, associated with Ignatian spirituality and the Society of Jesus.


publican

publicans (plural)
publicane (alternative)
puplican (alternative)

From Middle English publican [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman publican, pupplican, Middle French publicain, and Old French publican, publicain, pupplican (“tax collector”) (modern French publicain), and from their etymon Latin pūblicānus (“tax collector”), from pūblicum (“state revenue”) + -ānus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’, usually indicating relationships of origin, position, or possession). Pūblicum is a noun use of the neuter form of pūblicus (“of or belonging to the people, state, or community; general, public”), ultimately from Proto-Italic *poplos (“army”), further etymology unknown.
Sense 3.2 (“person excommunicated from the church; person who does not follow a Christian religion”) refers to Matthew 18:17 of the Bible: see the King James Version quotation under sense 1.
Cognates
* Catalan publicà
* Italian pubblicano
* Middle Dutch publicaen, puppilicaen, pupplicaen (modern Dutch publicaan (obsolete), publikaan)
* Middle High German publicān, publicāne (early modern German Publican).
* Middle Low German pūblicān
* Old Occitan publican, puplican
* Portuguese publicano
* Spanish publicano

ref

The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], 1611, →OCLC, Luke 19:9–10, column 2: “This day is ſaluation come to this houſe, forſomuch as he alſo is the ſonne of Abraham. For the ſonne of man is come to ſeeke, and to ſaue that which was loſt.”

nb...

publicane, publycan, publycane, pubplican, pubplycan, pupblican, pupblycan, puplican, puplicane, pupplican, pupplicane

(Christianity) A person excommunicated from the church; an excommunicant or excommunicate; also, a person who does not follow a Christian religion; a heathen, a pagan.


veronica

A veil that had wiped off the sweat of Christ? Who could possibly believe that? (…) The only true Veronica of this century was the veronica of the matador – the classic slow swing of the cape before the bull’s face, imitating that holy wiping, mocking it.

1973, Nicholas Monsarrat, The Kapillan of Malta:

He wiped the lady’s martini glass, having had some trouble with a kind of veronica of lipstick, spat in it viciously, then washed it again.

(Roman Catholicism) The image of Jesus's face believed to have been made on the cloth with which St Veronica wiped his face as he went to be crucified; or the cloth used for this.

verònica

(Roman Catholicism) image of Jesus's face on a cloth; the cloth itself


mortal sin

en-noun

mortal sin (countable and uncountable, plural mortal sins)

(Roman Catholicism, theology) A sin which causes the loss of God's grace, leading to eternal damnation, unless the sinner repents, which includes their intent to confess and atone; such a sin is defined as a grave transgression against one of the Ten Commandments with the full knowledge and deliberate consent of the sinner.

deadly sin

strictly a different concept, though often used interchangeably


venial sin

(Roman Catholicism, theology) A sin that is not a mortal sin; a sin that is not grave, and/or was not deliberate and/or was committed without a full understanding of the consequences.


maundy

maundy (countable and uncountable, plural maundies)

From Middle English maundee, maunde, from Old French mandée (“mandated”), from Latin mandatum (“commandment”). Doublet of mandate. The word came to refer to the foot-washing ceremony performed on Thursday before Easter because of the phrase used by Jesus to explain his act of foot-washing, which in the Latin Vulgate begins: Mandatum novum do vobis ut diligatis invicem ..., i.e. "A new commandment I give unto you: That you love one another …" (John 13:34).

(Christianity) The ceremony of washing the feet of poor persons or inferiors, performed as a religious rite on Maundy Thursday in commemoration of Christ's washing the disciples' feet at the Last Supper.

voetwassing

(Christianity) The office appointed to be read during the religious ceremony of foot-washing.


fallen angel

(Christianity, Islam) An angel who rebelled against God and was exiled from heaven.


fixed feast

(Christianity) an annual celebration that is held on the same calendar date every year, such as Christmas (December 25)


hebdomad

hebdomads (plural)
hebdomade (alternative)

From Late Latin hebdomada (“number seven; group of seven; seven days”), hebdomas (“number seven; seven days; seventh day”), from Ancient Greek ἑβδομάς (hebdomás, “group of seven, especially seven days or seven years”), from ἑπτά (heptá, “seven”) + -ᾰ́ς (-ắs, suffix forming abstract nouns of number from numerals). The word is cognate with French hebdomadaire, hebdo (“weekly periodical”), hebdomadairement (“weekly”), Portuguese hebdomadário (“weekly periodical”), Spanish hebdomadario (“weekly; weekly periodical; hebdomadary”).

cog

For that ſaying of our Saviour, My Father worketh hitherto, and I work, is by the moſt judicious underſtood of the works of preſervation and providence: Thoſe of creation being concluded within the firſt Hebdomade, accordingly as is expreſt in the Hiſtory, that God on the ſeventh day reſted from all his works.

1662, [Joseph Glanvill], “Daily Creation of Souls is Inconsistent with the Divine Attributes”, in Lux Orientalis, or An Enquiry into the Opinion of the Eastern Sages, Concerning the Præexistence of Souls. […], London: Printed, and are to be sold at Cambridge, and Oxford, →OCLC; republished in Two Choice and Useful Treatises: The One Lux Orientalis; […]. The Other, A Discourse of Truth, […], London: Printed for James Collins and Sam[uel] Lowndes […], 1682, →OCLC, pages 14–15:

[page 115] The truth is, "we discover no trace of a Sabbath" even among those oriental nations which had the hebdomade or week: but to the Greeks, the week itself was unknown!—their smallest interval being the decade or period of ten days. [...] [page 121] Making due allowance for the natural exaggeration of an apologist, the substance of this statement expresses a well-recognized fact in Roman history. "The institution of the Hebdomade" (introduced about the date of the Christian era) did travel almost throughout the empire.

1853, J[ohn] Newton Brown, W[illia]m B[enjamin] Taylor, “The Abrogation of the Sabbath. Reply to ‘J[ohn] N[ewton] B[rown]’”, in The Obligation of the Sabbath: A Discussion between Rev. J. Newton Brown, and Wm. B. Taylor, Philadelphia, Pa.: A[braham] Hart, late Carey and Hart, →OCLC, pages 115 and 121:

(historical or Christianity) A period of seven days; a week.


altar screen

(architecture, Christianity) A partition, often richly decorated, separating the nave from the chancel in a church; a rood screen.


Arianism

/ˈɛəɹɪənɪzəm/

Eponym from its chief proponent Arius, a priest in Alexandria circa 323 AD: Arian + -ism.

(Christianity) A Christological doctrine, condemned as heretical by the Council of Nicaea, which holds that Jesus was created by God, rather than being God himself.


Monophysite

Monophysites (plural)
monophysite (alternative)

From Medieval Latin monophysita, from Byzantine Greek μονοφυσίτης (monophusítēs), from Ancient Greek μόνος (mónos, “single”) + φύσις (phúsis, “nature”).

der

(Christianity) A member of a Christian sect which held that Jesus Christ has one nature, as opposed to the Chalcedonian view that Christ has two natures, both fully man and fully God, and is co-eternal and co-substantial with the Father.

միաբնակ

member of an early Christian sect which held that Jesus Christ has one nature

Oriental Orthodox Church
Oriental Orthodox Church

(Christianity, derogatory) A member of the Oriental Orthodox Church.


Nestorianism

en-noun

Nestorianism (countable and uncountable, plural Nestorianisms)

From Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople (consecrated 428).

(Christianity) The Christological doctrine ascribed to Nestorius, condemned as heretical by the Council of Ephesus but later also ascribed to the Church of the East, holding that within Christ there are two distinct hypostases, divine and human.


cruet

cruets (plural)
crewet (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English, from Anglo-Norman cruet, diminutive of Old French crue (“an earthen pot”), from Old Saxon krūka.

(Christianity) A small vessel used to hold wine or water for the Eucharist.


manualism

(Christianity) The practice of producing manuals, or instruction books, to train the Roman Catholic clergy.


manualist

(Christianity) One who supports the idea of producing manuals, or instruction books, to train the Roman Catholic clergy.


Albigenses

Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic Church

(historical, Christianity) A sect of reformers opposed to the Roman Catholic Church in the 12th century AD, considered heretics who were subject to the Albigensian Crusade; a branch of the Catharists, distinct from the Waldenses.


Franciscan

term-label

(Christianity, originally Roman Catholicism)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Franciscan.wav

Learned borrowing from Late Latin Franciscānus (“(noun) friar of the order of Saint Francis; (adjective) of or from the order of Saint Francis”) + English -an (suffix forming agent nouns; and meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). Franciscānus is derived from Franciscus (“the given name Francis, the name of Saint Francis of Assisi (c. 1181 – 1226)”) + Latin -ānus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’, denoting relationships of origin, position, or possession); and Franciscus from Francia (“region inhabited or ruled over by the Franka, Frankia”) (apparently a nickname from Francis’s father, an Italian merchant who worked in France) + -iscus (suffix forming adjectives).

ֆրանցիսկյան

friar of the religious order founded by Saint Francis of Assisi; friar or nun of a religious order based on the rule of Francis of Assisi’s original order

[O]ur old antient Purgatory pick-purſe, that vvas ſvvaged and covvled vvith a Franciſcan’s covvl, […]

1536 June 16 (Gregorian calendar), Hugh Latimer, “Sermon II. By the Reverend Father in Christ Master Hugh Latimer Bishop of Worcester. Preached to the Convocation of the Clergy, before the Parliament Began, the Sixth Day of June, the Twenty Eighth Year of the Reign of the Late Henry VIII. […] [Master Latimer’s Discourse on the Same Day in the Afternoon. Luke XVI. 8.].”, in The Sermons of the Right Reverend Father in God, Master Hugh Latimer, Bishop of Worcester. […], volume I, London: […] J. Scott, […], published 1758, →OCLC, page 30:

[A] ſilly iealous fellovve, that ſeeing his child nevv borne included in a kell [i.e., caul], thought ſure a Franciſcan that vſed to come to his houſe, vvas the father of it, it vvas ſo like a Friers Covvle, and therevpon threatned the Frier to kill him.

1621, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Prognosticks of Iealosie, Despaire, Madnesse, to Make away Themselues and Others”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy, […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and Iames Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 3, section 3, member 3, page 688:

We tried the Franciscans. The Jesuits. The Paulists. The Trappists. The Benedictines. […] Not one Franciscan in this city can make a positive identification of this bearded American priest. Every Franciscan we talked to was sure this man was not a member of their order. Yet he wears their habit and he heard confessions in one of their most important churches.

1995 July, Pat Conroy, chapter 19, in Beach Music, New York, N.Y.: Nan A[hearn] Talese, Doubleday, →ISBN, page 265:

[T]he cities were growing rapidly, but the urban parish system was not, so when Franciscans entered the cities to preach, they encountered a substantial population in need not only of preaching but also of pastoral care.

2001, David Burr, “The Franciscan Dilemma”, in The Spiritual Franciscans: From Protest to Persecution in the Century after Saint Francis, University Park, Pa.: The Pennsylvania State University Press, →ISBN, page 4:

A friar of the religious order founded by Saint Francis of Assisi in 1209, now known as the Order of the Friars Minor.

(Order of Friars Minor Capuchin):

(Order of Friars Minor Conventual):

(Order of Saint Clare):

A friar or nun of a religious order based on the rule of Francis of Assisi's original order, such as (Roman Catholicism) the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (for men), Order of Friars Minor Conventual (men), Order of Saint Clare (women), or the Third Order of Saint Francis (men and women); or (Protestantism) certain orders in some Protestant churches, especially the Anglican Church and the Lutheran Church.


Franciscan

Of or pertaining to Saint Francis of Assisi.

Holy Franciſcan Frier, brother, ho.

c. 1591–1595 (date written), [William Shakespeare], […] Romeo and Iuliet. […] (Second Quarto), London: […] Thomas Creede, for Cuthbert Burby, […], published 1599, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii], signature L, recto:

In his life time hee [Henry VII of England] founded the goodly Hoſpitall of the Sauoy, built ſixe religious Houſes for Franciſcan Friers, three of them for Obſeruants, and the other three for Conuentuals.

1611, Iohn Speed [i.e., John Speed], The History of Great Britaine under the Conquests of yͤ Romans, Saxons, Danes and Normans. […], London: […] William Hall and John Beale, for John Sudbury and George Humble, […], →OCLC, book IX ([Englands Monarchs] […]), paragraph 72, page 751, column 1:

And they vvho to be ſure of Paradiſe / Dying put on the vveeds of Dominic, / Or in Franciſcan think to paſs diſguis'd; […]

1667, John Milton, “Book III”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC, signature K2, verso, lines 478–480:

So much for the firſt claſs of the Mendicants. The moſt numerous is the Serafic, or Franciſcan order, divided into as many ſpecies as pleaſed the fancies of the founders.

1797, Robert Southey, “Of the State of Portugal”, in Letters Written during a Short Residence in Spain and Portugal, […], Bristol: […] Bulgin and Rosser, for Joseph Cottle, […], and G[eorge] G[eorge] and J[ohn] Robinson, and Cadell and Davies, […], →OCLC, page 418:

Of or pertaining to (Roman Catholicism) the Order of the Friars Minor, or (Protestantism, Roman Catholicism) to another religious order based on the rule of Francis of Assisi's original order.

ֆրանցիսկյան

of or pertaining to Saint Francis of Assisi; of or pertaining to the Order of the Friars Minor, or to another religious order based on the rule of Francis of Assisi’s original order


popery

en-noun

popery (countable and uncountable, plural poperies)

"And so plan another escape, through some of the cursed passages with which this relic of popery abounds?"

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Francesca Carrara. […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, pages 66–67:

Popery appears to be making special efforts, at the present time, to reusurp the power which it once possessed in this country, […]

1854, The Home Friend, Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, page 385:

(usually derogatory, Christianity) The teachings, practices and accoutrements of the Roman Catholic Church.


hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia

/hɛks.əˌkəʊ.si.ɔɪ.hɛksˌɛk.ən.təˌhɛks.əˈfəʊ.bi.ə/

Ancient Greek ἑξακόσιοι (hexakósioi, “six hundred”) + ἑξήκοντα (hexḗkonta, “sixty”) + ἕξ (héx, “six”) + -phobia

uder

You'll see “lucky” 666 in many shop windows across China, which may come as a shock to believers in the Beast and those with hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia.

2008 May 6, Deborah Aaronson with Kevin Kwan, Luck: The Essential Guide, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OL, page 132:

Fear of certain numbers will not help you. Just ask someone who suffers from triskaidekaphobia, tetraphobia, or hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia.

2009 November 3, Patricia Kirkman with Katherine A. Gleason, The Complete Idiot's Guide: Numerology Workbook, →ISBN, →OL:

(chiefly Christianity) Fear of the number 666.


Lord's Supper

(Christianity) The Last Supper at Passover of Jesus with his disciples.


utas

Reduced form of plural utaves. Compare octave.

NOw leue we of Lucius the emperour and speke we of kynge Arthur / that commaunded alle them of his retenue to be redy atte vtas of hyllary for to holde a parlement at yorke / And at that parlement was concluded to areste alle the nauye of the lond and to be redy within xv dayes at sandwyche

1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “iij”, in Le Morte Darthur, book V:

(historical, Christianity) The octave, or seventh day after a festival (i.e., the eighth day counting inclusively, in the ancient Roman way).


Holy Trinity

the Holy Trinity (canonical)
holy Trinity (alternative)
holy trinity (alternative)

From Middle English holy Trinitee, a partial translation of earlier hali þrumnesse, haliʒ ðrymnesse (“holy trinity”, literally “holy threeness”), from Old English hālgu þrines. Equivalent to holy + Trinity.

(Christianity) The three persons of the Godhead: the Father, Son and Holy Spirit.


reformer

[…] for I long to ſee a larke without a creaſt, and would travaile farre to diſcoover a reformer without a fault, […]

1593, Gabriel Harvey, Pierces Supererogation: Or A New Prayse of the Old Asse, London: […] Iohn Wolfe, →OCLC; republished as John Payne Collier, editor, Pierces Supererogation: Or A New Prayse of the Old Asse. A Preparative to Certaine Larger Discourses, Intituled Nashes S. Fame (Miscellaneous Tracts. Temp. Eliz. & Jac. I; no. 8), [London: [s.n.], 1870], →OCLC, page 127:

(historical, Christianity) One who was involved in the Reformation.


word up

en-verb

word up (third-person singular simple present words up, present participle wording up, simple past and past participle worded up)

words up (present singular third-person)
wording up (participle present)
worded up (participle past)
worded up (past)

(Christianity) To pray, remain spiritually oriented and/or behave congruently with Christian doctrine.


Madonna

Madonnas (plural)
Madona (alternative obsolete)

From Italian madonna, from Old Italian ma (“my”) + donna (“lady”). The given name is derived from the English term, not used as a given name in Italy. Doublet of madam.

(Christianity, sometimes with definite article) Synonym of Mary, mother of Jesus, especially in Catholic contexts.

Мадо́на

Mary, mother of Jesus — see also Mary, Our Lady
Note: This is only for direct translations of "Madonna." Titles that literally mean or other titles in the language in question should be listed at those entries.


hesychastic

(Eastern Christianity) Of or relating to hesychasm.


reprobation

en-noun

reprobation (countable and uncountable, plural reprobations)

/ˌɹɛpɹəˈbeɪʃən/

From French réprobation, or Latin reprobatio.

(Christianity) The predestination of a certain number of the human race as reprobates, or objects of condemnation and punishment; damnation.


introit

PIE word
 *h₁én
From Late Middle English introite (“act of entering in or into, entrance; place of entrance”), borrowed from Anglo-Norman introït, introïte (“introit”), or from its etymon Latin introitus (“act of entering in or into, entrance; passage; place of entrance; (figuratively) beginning, introduction, prelude”), from introeō (“to enter, go in”) + -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs). Introeō is derived from intrō (“to enter, go into”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”)) + eō (“to go”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to go”)).

refn

From the collection of the Helsinki University Library in Helsinki, Finland.

der

The Glossary of Terms used by ecclesiastics in the middle ages, who describe a day by the “introit,” or commencement of the service appointed by the church to be performed thereon, and an explanation of the Canonical Hours, Watches, &c. will frequently be found useful.

[1833, [Nicholas] Harris Nicolas, “Preface”, in Dionysius Lardner, editor, The Chronology of History. […] (The Cabinet Cyclopædia; XLIV), London: […] Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longman, […]; and John Taylor, […], →OCLC, page xvii:

Adorate Dominum. The introit* and name of the third Sunday after the Epiphany. [Footnote *: Introit.—The first two or more words that form the commencement of a mass, which, from being appropriated to a certain Sunday, or other festival, give the name of such commencement or "introit" to these days.]

1833, [Nicholas] Harris Nicolas, “A Glossary of Dates; […]”, in Dionysius Lardner, editor, The Chronology of History. […] (The Cabinet Cyclopædia; XLIV), London: […] Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longman, […]; and John Taylor, […], →OCLC, page 110, column 1:

At some time during these sacerdotal preces the choir will usually have started the sung introit, the exact time for beginning the item dependent on a number of features such as the distance from sacristy to altar.

1982, Andrew Hughes, “Mass”, in Medieval Manuscripts for Mass and Office: A Guide to Their Organization and Terminology, Toronto, Ont., Buffalo, N.Y.: University of Toronto Press, published 2004, →ISBN, page 84:

The earliest unequivocal reference to the Roman introit is from the turn-of-the-eighth-century Ordo romanus I, where the chant is described in its fully developed early medieval form. Consisting of an antiphon and psalm, it is sung during the entrance of the pope at the beginning of Mass.

2000, James [W.] McKinnon, “The Introit”, in The Advent Project: The Later-seventh-century Creation of the Roman Mass Proper, Berkeley, Los Angeles, Calif., London: University of California Press, →ISBN, page 195:

(Roman Catholicism, music) A prayer, typically part of a psalm or other portion of the Bible, read or sung at the start of Mass while or immediately after the priest ascends to the altar.

ܒܝܬܐ

part of a psalm or other portion of the Bible read or sung at Mass immediately after the priest ascends to the altar

(music, Christianity, chiefly Protestantism) Any piece of choral music, especially a setting of an anthem or a psalm, sung at the opening of a church service.

introit

composition of vocal music sung at the opening of a church service


nuncio

From Spanish nuncio,
from Latin nūntius (“envoy”).

international organization
international organization

(Roman Catholicism) The ecclesiastic title of a permanent diplomatic representative of the Roman Catholic Church to a sovereign state or international organization, who is accorded a rank equivalent to an accredited ambassador, and may also be given additional privileges including recognition as Dean in a country's diplomatic corps.


phylactery

phylacteries (plural)
philactery (alternative)
philactory (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-philactory.wav

Bernhard Strigel
Jesus
Moses
Saint Anne
Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum

From Late Middle English philacterie, philaterie, filaterie (“amulet; tefilla; balderdash, idle words”), from Late Latin phylacterium (“amulet; reliquary; tefilla”), from Koine Greek φῠλᾰκτήρῐον (phŭlăktḗrĭon, “amulet; tefilla”) (used in the New Testament to translate Hebrew תפילין (“tefillin”)), from Ancient Greek φῠλᾰκτήρῐον (phŭlăktḗrĭon, “fortified outpost, watchman’s post; protection, safeguard”), from φυλακτήρ (phulaktḗr, “guard, watcher”) + -ῐον (-ĭon, suffix forming nouns). Φυλακτήρ (Phulaktḗr) is derived from φυλακ- (phulak-) (the stem of φῠλᾰ́σσω (phŭlắssō, “to guard, watch; to defend, protect”)) + -τήρ (-tḗr, suffix forming masculine agent nouns); and φῠλᾰ́σσω (phŭlắssō) from φῠ́λᾰξ (phŭ́lăx, “guard, sentry”), probably Pre-Greek. The spelling of the Middle English word was probably influenced by Middle French filatiere, philaterie, philatiere, and Old French filatiere, philatiere (“amulet; reliquary; tefilla”) (modern French phylactère), also from phylacterium.
Sense 1.2 (“fringe which an Israelite was required to wear”) was based on the mistaken assumption that the phylacteries (sense 1.1) referred to in Matthew 23:5 of the Bible were the same as the fringes mentioned in Numbers 15:37–39.

ref

From the collection of the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum in Madrid, Spain.

պահպանակ

either of two small leather cases containing scrolls with passages from the Torah

filacteri

synonym of amulet (cognates) — see also amulet

filacteri

scroll with words on it depicted as emerging from a person’s mouth or held in their hands — see also banderole, speech scroll

klaf

parchment used in Jewish ritual contexts

mezuzah

parchment scroll of Torah verses in a decorative container

Reliquary phylacteries could serve as suspension capsules or containers for holy relics.

2006, Don C. Skemer, “Introduction”, in Binding Words: Textual Amulets in the Middle Ages (Magic in History), University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, →ISBN, footnote 19, page 12:

After Marie [of Oignies] was exhumed around 1226, another of her fingers was placed in a phylactery that was created by Hugh of Oignies and remained at Oignies until 1817[…].

2007, Sharon Farmer, “Low Country Ascetics and Oriental Luxury: Jacques de Vitry, Marie of Oignies, and the Treasures of Oignies”, in Rachel Fulton, Bruce W. Holsinger, editors, History in the Comic Mode: Medieval Communities and the Matter of Person, New York, N.Y.: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, part IV (The Matter of Person), page 209:

(Christianity, historical, obsolete) Synonym of reliquary (“a container to display or hold religious relics”)

филакте́рия

synonym of reliquary (cognates) — see also reliquary


baptistry

baptistries (plural)
baptistery (alternative)

From Middle English baptistery, baptisterie, from Ecclesiastical Latin baptistērium, from Ancient Greek βαπτιστήριον (baptistḗrion); equivalent to baptism + -ry.

βαπτιστήριον

(Christianity) A designated space within a church, or a separate room or building associated with a church, where a baptismal font is located, and consequently, where the sacrament of Christian baptism (via aspersion or affusion) is performed.


Assemblies of God

From Greek, with Ancient Greek εκκλησία (ekklēsía) translated as "assembly" (in the sense of "congregation") instead of "church".

(Christianity) A Christian Pentecostal denomination made up of a number of autonomous groupings of churches in various countries.


canonize

en-verb

canonize (third-person singular simple present canonizes, present participle canonizing, simple past and past participle canonized)

tlb

(transitive, American spelling, Oxford British English)

canonizes (present singular third-person)
canonizing (participle present)
canonized (participle past)
canonized (past)
canonise (alternative)

From Late Middle English canonizen (“to declare as a saint; to appoint to an ecclesiastical office”), from Old French canonisier (modern French canoniser (“to canonize”)), or from its etymon Medieval Latin, Late Latin canōnizāre, the present active infinitive of Latin canōnizō (“to recognize as a saint, canonize; to declare as authoritative or official”), from Latin canōn (“measuring line; (figurative) precept, rule, canon; authorized catalogue”) + -izō (suffix forming verbs). The English word is analysable as canon (“general principle, rule; authoritative group of works; catalogue of saints canonized in the Roman Catholic Church”) + -ize.

af

Thomas Becket was canonized in 1173.

Wée maye woorſhippe neyther the Virgine Marie, neyther the Apoſtles, neyther any Saincte, neyther make holy dayes, or Temples for them, muche leſſe Canonize them, which comprehendeth all theſe.

1572, [Christopher Carlile], “The Second Discovrs, wherein is Proued, that neyther Peter, nor the Pope, is the Head of Christes Church”, in A Discourse. Wherein is Plainly Proued by the Order of Time and Place, that Peter was Neuer at Rome. […], London: […] Tho[mas] East and H[enry] Myddleton; for VVilliam Norton, →OCLC, folio 30, recto:

In heaven, are the ſowls of men departed in the popiſh fayth, and delivered from purgatorie: ſome of which, the Pope canonizeth for Saincts, whom the people on earth are religiouſly to honour and pray unto, as their mediators with God.

1613, Henry Ainsworth, “The 5. Point of Difference: In the Letter”, in An Animadversion to Mr Richard Clyftons Advertisement. […], Amsterdam: […] Giles Thorp, →OCLC, page 79:

He muſt be of an eaſie belief, that can be certainly perſwaded that every one whom the Pope Canonizeth, and putteth into the Liſt of Saints, is ſo indeed.

1675, [Mr. Mayo], “Sermon XV. Invocation of Saints and Angels, Unlawful.”, in Nathanael Vincent [i.e., Nathaniel Vincent], editor, The Morning-exercise against Popery. Or, The Principal Errors of the Church of Rome Detected and Confuted, […], London: […] A. Maxwell for Tho[mas] Parkhurst, […], →OCLC, page 527:

Where to pray to thy suppositious saints? Where has it taught thee to enjoin men to pray to imaginary saints, whom thou canonizest from time to time?

1869 September, “Spurious Churches”, in Christ is Coming! […], 5th edition, London: […] [F]or the author by John B. Day, […], published 1871, →OCLC, part V (Re-organization of the One Holy Universal Church of Christ), page 197:

Nay, where pilgrimages are not successful, they begin to canonise saints, not in honor of the saints—for they are sufficiently honored without canonisation—but in order to draw crowds and bring in money.

1947, Martin Luther, “An Open Letter to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation, Concerning the Reform of the Christian Estate: 1520”, in [Charles M. Jacobs?], transl., Three Treatises: An Open Letter to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation Concerning the Reform of the Christian Estate. A Prelude on the Babylonian Captivity of the Church. A Treatise on Christian liberty, Philadelphia, Pa.: Muhlenberg Press, →OCLC, page 131:

Since the twelfth century the pope has been the Church's sole authority for canonizing saints. But not even a pope can "make" a saint. As Pope Paul VI explained at the canonization of Julie Billiart (April 8): "We do not create, we do not confer saintliness, we recognize it, we proclaim it."

2001, Sarah Gallick, “Introduction”, in The Big Book of Women Saints, New York, N.Y.: HarperSanFrancisco, →ISBN, page 2:

Prospective candidates for sainthood normally need to have two miracles attributed to them before they can be canonized.

2024 May 24, Christopher Lamb, “Italian teenager nicknamed ‘God’s influencer’ set to become Catholic Church’s first millennial saint”, in CNN:

Pope Francis canonized more saints over the dozen years he led the Roman Catholic Church than any of his predecessors — and he instituted a new path to sainthood, recognizing an added category of virtuous Catholics worthy of veneration.

2025 April 22, Emma Bubola, “Pope Will Lie in State for Three Days Before Funeral on Saturday”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(chiefly Roman Catholicism) To declare (a deceased person) as a saint, and enter them into the canon of saints.

Yet becauſe there are Two Pretences made; One, that elſewhere he Canonizeth all the reſt of the Conteſted Books; and another, that in this place he detracteth nothing in that behalf from the Books of the Maccabes, we will clear the way before us, and anſwer them both.

1657, [John] Cosin, “The Testimonies of the Ecclesiastical Writers in the Seventh Century”, in A Scholastical History of the Canon of the Holy Scripture: Or The Certain and Indubitate Books thereof as They are Received in the Church of England, London: […] R[oger] Norton for Timothy Garthwait […], →OCLC, page 136:

Not all psalms that claim Davidic authorship were included in the canon, but those that were canonized frequently had this association.

2017, Timothy H. Lim, “An Indicative Definition of the Canon”, in Timothy H. Lim with Kengo Akiyama, editors, When Texts are Canonized (Brown Judaic Studies; no. 359), Providence, R.I.: Brown Judaic Studies, →ISBN, page 22:

(Christianity) To formally declare (a piece of religious writing) to be part of the biblical canon.

He ſhews, the Legate's Drift was to Canonize all the Abuſes of the Court of Rome: ſo they never ſuffer'd them to be treated of freely, but managed them like the Compounding of a Law-Suit: [...]

1715, Gilbert [Burnet], “Book IV. Of what Happen’d during the Reign of King Edward the VIth, from the Year 1547, to the Year 1553.”, in The History of the Reformation of the Church of England. The Third Part. […], London: […] J. Churchill […], →OCLC, page 183:

[T]hat a rhetorician, like Libanius, a Pagan even to madneſs, ſhould think the Chriſtians capable of attempting the life of Julian, is not ſurpriſing. [...] But that an eccleſiaſtical hiſtorian, like Sozomen, ſhould be tempted to canoniſe ſo deteſtable an action, might perhaps not be credited on my aſſertion.

1784, [Jean-Philippe-René] de La Bléterie, “History of the Emperor Jovian”, in John Duncombe, transl., Select Works of the Emperor Julian, and Some Pieces of the Sophist Libanius, Translated from the Greek. […], volume II, London: […] J[ohn] Nichols; [f]or T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC, page 271:

The European library only achieves its characteristic design in 1843, with the separation of reading areas from bookstacks first attempted in library architecture at the Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève at the Université de Paris. [...] [Anthony] Panizzi's British Museum Reading Room (stacks surrounding a central reading room) canonised the procedure, which dominates even the more recent tower stacks, in which librarianship triumphs over ideological and economic divides, [...]

1998, Sean Cubitt, “Reading the Interface”, in Digital Aesthetics, London, Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE Publications, →ISBN, page 9:

(chiefly Christianity) Especially of a church: to give official approval to; to authorize, to sanction.


catechist

Now he was not only a lay reader but a pastor’s warden although Umuaro did not have a pastor as yet, only a catechist.

1965, Chinua Achebe, Arrow of God, Penguin Classics (2010), pages 48-49:

(Christianity) One who practices catechesis, i.e., catechizes catechumens; a teacher who instructs students in the doctrines of a particular Christian denomination typically in preparation for confirmation.


exonarthex

en-noun

exonarthex (plural exonarthexes or exonarthices)

exonarthexes (plural)
exonarthices (plural)

The exonarthex is of inferior workmanship, and has been thought by some of later date than the rest of the church; but there seems no ground for this belief.

1850, John Mason Neale, A History of the Holy Eastern Church: The Patriarchate of Alexandria:

(architecture, Christianity) The space anterior to the narthex of a church, sometimes roofed-over as with a porch, but more often an enclosed courtyard; in antiquity, the courtyard where catechumens were permitted to be close to the Eucharist, but forbidden to see it celebrated.


evangelicalism

evangelicalism (countable and uncountable, plural evangelicalisms)

(Christianity, historical) Lutheranism and continental Calvinism.

(Christianity) Contemporary Protestant movement based on energetic proselytism and a renewed focus on the Bible and in the belief in its inerrancy.


prevenient grace

(Christianity, theology) An Arminian doctrine distinctive to Methodism and the broader Wesleyan movement. It holds that man is so fallen that he is utterly incapable of perceiving the need for salvation, but God, in His infinite wisdom, has preveniently extended to humankind sufficient grace that we can, through free will, willingly accept salvation.


Clarissa

Clarissas (plural)
clarissa (alternative)

Clarissa
Clarissa (novel)
Samuel Richardson

Borrowed from Italian Clarissa, from Medieval Latin Clarissa; see there for more. Popularized in English by Samuel Richardson's 1748 novel Clarissa. Doublet of Clarisse.

Following Francis' example, Clare founded an order of religious women known as the Poor Ladies of Assisi (like Francis' Poor Men), and later as the Clarissas or Poor Clares in her honor.

1991, Thomas Head, “Clare of Assisi”, in An Encyclopedia of Continental Women Writers:

In the protomonastero of Santa Chiara in Assisi, erected from the outset for the Clarissas, however, equally frequent changes and modifications in the location of the nuns' choir suggest that there were still uncertainties as to the best place for it.

1992, Caroline A. Bruzelius, “Hearing Is Believing: Clarissan Architecture, ca. 1213–1340”, in Gesta, volume 31, number 2, page 85:

The rule of Urban IV also clarified the nomenclature of the Clarissas, with the pope designating the group as the Order of St. Claire rather than Poor Ladies, or Poor Recluses, of San Damiano.

1995, Caroline A. Bruzelius, “Queen Sancia of Mallorca and the Convent Church of Sta. Chiara in Naples”, in Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome, volume 40, page 75:

(Catholicism) Synonym of Poor Clare: a nun of the Order of Saint Clare.


paternoster

/ˈpɑtəɹˌnɔstɚ/

From Middle English paternoster, pater noster, from Old English Paternoster, from Latin Pater noster (“our father”) (the first two words of the Oratio Dominica (“the Lord's prayer”)), from pater (“father”) + noster (“our”). The lift and the fishing equipment are named from their resemblance to a rosary.

The friar had said his paternosters duly

c. 1920, John Crowe Ransom, Necrological:

(Christianity) The Lord's Prayer, especially in a Roman Catholic context.

Coordinate term: rosary (broadly synonymous)

(Christianity, archaic) A string of beads used in counting prayers that are said.

Holonyms: rosary; prayer beads

(Christianity, archaic) Every eleventh bead in a rosary, at which, while counting the beads, the Lord's Prayer is to be repeated.

(Christianity, archaic) A medieval artisan who crafted rosary beads or prayer nuts.


patriarchate

From Middle French patriarcat, from Old French patriarcat, from Medieval Latin patriarchatus, from Ancient Greek πατριάρχης (patriárkhēs, “patriarch”). By surface analysis, patriarch + -ate (forms nouns denoting rank or office, the concrete charge of it, a body of people involved with it).

surf

The patriarchate of Pope John Paul II as Patriarch of the West was more than 25 years.

(Christianity) The term of office of a Christian patriarch.


tonsure

en-verb

tonsure (third-person singular simple present tonsures, present participle tonsuring, simple past and past participle tonsured)

tonsures (present singular third-person)
tonsuring (participle present)
tonsured (participle past)
tonsured (past)

From Middle English tonsure, from Anglo-Norman and Old French tonsure, from Latin tonsūra (“a clipping, trimming”), from tondeō (“shear, clip, trim”).

(Christianity, Buddhism) To shave the crown of the head as a sign of humility and religious vocation.


Pelagianism

From the name of its founder, Pelagius: Pelagian + -ism.

(Christianity) A Christian belief that denies the view of original sin and the necessity of grace, asserting that man is capable of achieving salvation by his own efforts.


adoptionism

This account is close to Matthew 3:13–17 and its parallels in Mark and Luke, with one key difference—the addition of the phrase, “This day I have begotten you.” The Ebionites chose the moment of Jesus’ baptism by John as the key moment in which Jesus became God’s son, rather than the moment of Jesus’ birth. Jesus became God’s son by being “adopted” by him (a “spiritual birth,” so to speak) rather than by being literally fathered by God and born of a virgin. This idea is called adoptionism.

2000, Keith Akers, “[3] A VOICE IN THE WILDERNESS”, in The lost religion of Jesus: simple living and nonviolence in early Christianity, New York, NY: Lantern Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 46:

(Christianity) A form of Christianity which maintains that Jesus is divine only in the sense that God the Father adopted him, either at Jesus' birth, or at his death, as opposed to the orthodox understanding of the nature of the Trinity.

adozionismo

form of Christianity which maintains that Jesus is divine only in the sense that God adopted him


adoptionist

(Christianity) One who believes in or supports adoptionism.


Marcionism

Gnosticism and Marcionism offered two possible futures for the Jesus cult.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 127:

(Christianity) An early Christian following akin to but distinct from gnosticism which rejected the validity of the Old Testament and essentially denied the Trinity, regarding God the Father as an inferior demiurge, and that Jesus had nothing to do with the First Person of the Trinity.


monophysitism

From Byzantine Greek μονοφυσιτισμός (monophusitismós), from μόνος (mónos, “only one”) + φύσις (phúsis, “nature”) + -ισμός (-ismós, “-ism”), hence “belief in a single nature”.

bor

μονοφυσιτισμός

To claim that Jesus did not have human feelings amounts to monophysitism.

But of monophysitism, Eutychianism, mixture or fusion of the natures, transformation of the one nature into the other, or the absorption of humanity into divinity Schwenckfeld was accused, as previously observed.

1959, Paul L. Maier, Caspar Schwenckfeld on the Person and Work of Christ: A Study of Schwenckfeldian Theology at Its Core, page 78:

A third inadequate view is called monophysitism […] The primary advocate of this view in the early church was Eutyches […] [who] taught that Jesus was a mixture of divine and human elements in which both were somewhat modified to form one new nature.

2000, Wayne A. Grudem, Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine, 2nd edition, →ISBN, page 555:

The other major dissenting group, the Monophysites […] rejected the Orthodox doctrine that Christ’s divine and human natures were separate. In practice, they usually even went further and stated that Christ had a single, divine nature. Monophysitism became the doctrine of the Coptic Church in Egypt, which made up the vast majority of Egyptians.

2004, Vernon O. Egger, A History of the Muslim World to 1405: The Making of a Civilization, →ISBN, page 9:

Severus of Antioch became the new leader of Monophysitism after Chalcedon […] The Monophysites saw the Logos as he had become incarnate, and possessed his humanity and divinity in one new nature that combined both.

2022, James D. Gifford Jr., The Hexagon of Heresy: A Historical and Theological Study of Definitional Divine Simplicity, →ISBN, page 99:

(Christianity) A Christological doctrine, generally considered heterodox or heretical, holding that Jesus Christ has a single nature, which is either wholly divine or partially human and partially divine.

monofisisme

Christian doctrine claiming a single nature of Jesus Christ

Aramaic was the vernacular language of Syria until it was replaced by Arabic. Syriac remained the ecclesiastical language of Monophysitism.

1994, M. A. Al-Bakhit et al., editors, History of Humanity, volume 4, From the Seventh to the Sixteenth Century, page 318:

(Christianity, sometimes derogatory) The beliefs and practices of the Oriental Orthodox Church.


epistle lesson

(Christianity) A reading from one of the New Testament epistles (written by St. Paul and others); one of the usual four readings from the Bible found in many (Sunday) Christian church services, in various denominations.


Donatism

(Christianity) An early Christian belief which maintained that apostate priests were incapable of administering the sacraments, as opposed to the orthodox view that any sacrament administered by a properly ordained priest or bishop is valid, regardless of how sinful he is or if he has converted to another religion.


docetism

en-noun

docetism (countable and uncountable, plural docetisms)

From Latin Docetae + -ism, from Ancient Greek δοκηταί (dokētaí, “phantasmists”), coined 197–203 CE by Serapion of Antioch, from δοκέω (dokéō, “I seem”), δόκησις (dókēsis, “apparition, phantom”). Related to latter component of synecdoche.

der

His Passion and Resurrection in history were therefore not fleshly events, even if they seemed so; they were heavenly play-acting (the doctrine known as Docetism, from the Greek verb dokein, ‘to seem’).

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 124:

(Christianity) The doctrine of the Docetes, that Jesus only appeared to have a physical body and was ultimately of celestial substance.


Pauline

(Christianity) Of or relating to the Apostle Paul, his writings, his doctrines, and the form of Christianity that arose from them.

paulí

of or relating to the Apostle Paul and his doctrines


perfecta

(historical, Christianity) A female perfect (Cathar leader).


Mariolatry

en-noun

Mariolatry (countable and uncountable, plural Mariolatries)

Mariolatries (plural)
Mariolatrie (alternative)
Maryolatry (alternative)

/ˌmɛːɹiˈɒlətɹi/

/ˌmɛɹiˈɑlətɹi/

From Latin Marīa or English Mary (“the Virgin Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ”) + -o- + -latry, modelled after idolatry. The English word is cognate with French mariolâtrie, Italian mariolatria, Late Latin mariolatria.

affix

For, though it were a knowen corruption, and therefore ſhould haue beene auoyded; yet [Robert] Bellarmine in muſtering vp the Fathers authorities, for proofe of the reading, ipſa (the beſt ground of their Mariolatrie) brings in [John] Chryſoſtom in the rereward.

1611, Thomas Iames [i.e., Thomas James], “The 32. Place Corrupted, in the 17. Homily of Chrys[ostom] vpon Gen[esis] To[me] 1. Pg. 97.”, in A Treatise of the Corrvption of Scripture, Councels, and Fathers, by the Prelats, Pastors, and Pillars of the Church of Rome, for Maintenance of Popery and Irreligion. […], London: Printed by H. L. for Mathew Lownes, →OCLC; republished London: Printed by H. L. for Mathew Lownes; […], 1612, →OCLC, part II (Corruption of the True Fathers), page 85:

Our great prophet has so ordered the revelation of God's will, and of the doctrines of life, that Christians have nothing to justify or excuse this Maryolatry,—this idolatrous exaltation of Mary.

1843, Alexander Viets Griswold, The Reformation: A Brief Exposition of Some of the Errors and Corruptions of the Church of Rome, Boston, Mass.: James B. Dow, publisher, →OCLC, page 87:

St. Bernard [of Clairvaux] was a champion of the Virgin, second only to S^(n.) Buonaventura, the Seraphic Doctor; and both advocated Mariolatry to its wildest extent, substituting her for the Father and the Redeemer.

1845, [Richard Ford], “Madrid”, in A Hand-book for Travellers in Spain, and Readers at Home. […], part II, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, section XI (The Castiles; Old and New), page 754, column 2:

[I]f this is the rational reverence of Protestantism,—it cannot be long before the ingenuity of our enemies compiles the annals of Bibliolatry, abounding, if not with sad impieties, yet with absurdities as numberless and as noxious as the thousand and one Mariolatries, with which our controversialists are armed.

1846 April, “Art. VIII.—The Annals of the English Bible, by Christopher Anderson. London: William Pickering. 1845. 2 vols. octavo. [book review]”, in Southern Quarterly Review, volume IX, number XVIII, Charleston, S.C.: Published for the proprietor, →OCLC, page 481:

[O]n the side of the regulation religion [...] can be cited at best the regimental psalmody of Mr. [Rudyard] Kipling, lyrist of trumpet and drum; the stained-glass Mariolatries of Mr. Francis Thompson; and the Godism of Mr. [William Ernest] Henley, whereat the prosaic godly look askance.

1899, John M[ackinnon] Robertson, “Freethought in the Nineteenth Century”, in A Short History of Freethought: Ancient and Modern, London: Swan Sonnenschein & Co. Ltd.; New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Co., →OCLC, part I (The Culture Forces), § 6 (Poetry and Fine Letters), paragraph 4, page 412:

Even historically, it is interesting to note, Roman Mariolatry now denies the very circumstances out of which it arose. [...] The second half of the 11th century theology is marked by two outstanding developments; one being the canonical declaration of Transubstantiation and the other being the rise of Mariolatry. Both of these were an attempt to express the saving presence of deity amongst men and directly available to men.

1954 April 4, Clinton H. Blake, “Gravest Heresy [letter]”, in Peter [Morton] Day, editor, The Living Church, volume CXXVIII, number 14, Milwaukee, Wis.: Church Literature Foundation, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3, column 1:

[I]t is understandable that Mariolatry has worked with unparalleled productivity in the history of piety without a sufficient historical basis and even to a great extent without an old tradition. In Mariolatry the church has not, as in Christology, pursued the inner logic of a historically given starting point, but has sought repeatedly to express its own essence in the figure of Mary.

1977, Wolfhart Pannenberg, “Jesus’ Divinity in Relation to the Father’s Divinity”, in Lewis L. Wilkins, Duane A. Priebe, transl., Jesus – God and Man, 2nd edition, Philadelphia, Pa.: The Westminster Press, →ISBN, part 1 (The Knowledge of Jesus’ Divinity), section II.2 (Virgin Birth and Incarnation), page 147:

In his Apologia Pro Vita Sua (1864, 176–8), [John Henry] Newman's great autobiographical account of his gradual conversion, he tells us that Catholic "Mariolatry," the emphasis that Catholics place upon Mary and Marian devotions, had always been one of his greatest stumbling blocks.

1989, Michael P. Carroll, “The Splintering of Religious Devotion in Catholicism”, in Catholic Cults and Devotions: A Psychological Inquiry, Kingston, Ont., Montreal, Que.: McGill–Queen’s University Press, →ISBN, page 166:

Such mounting departure from truth, as Maryolatry, was instrumental in causing Christianity to be eliminated from another important segment of the Christian world. [...] [T]he overburden of superstition, especially the Maryolatry, caused Christianity to be swept away from that great land [Russia] with the revolution.

1989, Rolland E. Wolfe, How the Easter Story Grew from Gospel to Gospel, Lewiston, N.Y., Queenston, Ont.: The Edward Mellen Press, →ISBN, page 240:

(Protestantism, derogatory) Adoration or veneration of the Virgin Mary to an extent regarded as inappropriate or even idolatrous.

mariolâtrie

adoration or veneration of the Virgin Mary to an extent regarded as inappropriate or even idolatrous


Immanuel

Immanuels (plural)
Emmanuel (alternative)

From Hebrew עִמָּנוּאֵל (ʿimanuʾél), from עִמָּנוּ אֵל (ʿimánu ʾél, literally “God is with us”).

der

Hebrew עִמָּנוּאֵל (ʿimanuʾél)

(biblical) A figure whose birth is prophesied in the Book of Isaiah in the Bible.

(Christianity) This figure, regarded by Christians as the Messiah or Christ.


coadjutor bishop

en-noun

coadjutor bishop (plural coadjutor bishops)

The bishop [...] encouraged his flock to bully this brilliant stranger into being ordained priest and soon Augustine was coadjutor (assistant) bishop in the town.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 304:

(Roman Catholicism) An auxiliary bishop with the right of succession, i.e., he becomes bishop upon the death, removal or retirement of the incumbent bishop.


supersessionism

supersessionism (countable and uncountable, plural supersessionisms)

Pat Robertson's comment makes sense as an expression of what theologians call "supersessionism." While he may love Jews, Robertson believes that the coming of Jesus made Christians, not Jews, the chosen people. The Christian covenant with God is the one that matters.

(Christianity) The belief not merely that Judaism has been supplanted by Christianity, but that the covenant between God and Israel as His chosen people has been abrogated.


Millerite

The voices of the Millerites were heard singing and shouting and exhorting each other to stand firm, and to see to it that their lamps were trimmed and burning, ready for the awful moment whenever it might come. Still - nothing happened!

1924, Clara Endicott Sears, chapter 8, in Days of Delusion - A Strange Bit of History:

(Christianity) One who followed the calculations of William Miller or his followers that the world would end on October 22, 1844; when it did not, the Great Disappointment occurred. The subsequent denominations his movement spawned include the Adventists, Jehovah's Witnesses and the (Campbellite) Restorationists.


dicastery

From Ancient Greek δικαστήριον (dikastḗrion, “court, tribunal”), from δίκη (díkē, “right, custom, judgement”).

bor

The dicastery will continue to oversee the appointment of bishops in the mission territories. … There is no longer a distinction between congregations and pontifical councils because all the Vatican’s main departments are now defined as dicasteries.

2022 March 21, Andrea Gagliarducci, “Praedicate evangelium: Things you might have missed in the new Vatican constitution”, in Catholic News Agency, Denver: EWTN News, retrieved 2022-03-25:

The Argentine pontiff summoned him to Rome in 2023 to head the powerful dicastery for bishop appointments—a job that allowed him to build networks across the Catholic leadership.

2025 May 10, “Chicagoan pope not afraid of speaking truth to power in US”, in FT Weekend, page 3:

(Roman Catholicism) A ministry or department of the Roman Curia of the Holy See, whether administrative or ecclesiastical.


dominical

Inherited from Middle English dominical (“(adjective) of or pertaining to the Lord’s day or Sunday; (noun) a book containing the liturgy for Sunday (?)”), borrowed from Medieval Latin dominicālis (“of or pertaining to Sunday, dominical”), from Latin dominicus (“of or belonging to a lord or master; (Ecclesiastical Latin) God’s, the Lord’s”) (compare diēs Dominicus (“the day of the Lord, Sunday”)) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship). Dominicus is derived from dominus (“lord, master”) (used in Latin versions of the Bible to translate titles of the God of the Hebrew Tanakh and Greek New Testament; probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dem- (“to arrange, put together; to build (up)”)) + -icus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives).
Adjective senses 3.1 (“of printed text: in a large size”) and 3.2 (“red, ruddy”) refer to the practice of printing dominical letters in a large size, or in red.
Cognates
* French dominical

sunnuntaikirjain-

of or pertaining to the ancient system of dominical letters

The Dominical Prayer, and the Apoſtolical Creed, (vvhereof there vvas ſuch a hot diſpute in our laſt converſation) are tvvo Acts tending to the ſame object of devotion, yet they differ in this, that vve conclude all in the firſt, and ourſelves only in the ſecond, […]

1655, James Howell, “XXIX. To W. Roberts, Esq”, in Epistolæ Ho-Elianæ. Familiar Letters Domestic and Forren. […], 3rd edition, volume IV, London: […] Humphrey Mos[e]ley, […], →OCLC, section VI, page 472:

VVhereas 'tis clear, that Rome obſerved the firſt day of the vveek, becauſe 'tvvas the Dominical day, the day of our Lord's Reſurrection; vvhereas the proper Paſchal-day vvas tvvo or three days before the Lords day: […]

1692, G[eorge] T[rosse], “Sect[ion] XX. [The Tradition of the Lords-day’s Rest, or First-day of the Week from the Apostles Time to the End of the Fourth Century. […].]”, in The Lords Day Vindicated: Or The First Day of the Week the Christian Sabbath. […], London: […] Samuel Clement, […], →OCLC, page [130]:

[A]t the firſt Intervievv vvith Mrs. Heartfree, Mr. VVild had conceived that Paſſion, […] vvhich is indeed no other than that Friendſhip vvhich, after the Exerciſe of the Dominical Day is over, a luſty Divine is apt to conceive for the vvell-dreſt Sirloin, or handſome Buttock, vvhich the vvell-edified 'Squire, in Gratitude, ſets before him, and vvhich, ſo violent is his Love, he is deſirous to devour.

1743, Henry Fielding, “The History of the Life of the Late Mr. Jonathan Wild the Great. Chapter VIII. In which Our Hero Carries Greatness to an Immoderate Height.”, in Miscellanies, […], volume III, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book II, pages 155–156:

Of or pertaining to Jesus Christ as Lord.

տերունի

of or pertaining to Jesus Christ as Lord

And vvho knovvs not the ſuperſtitious rigor of his Sundays Chapel, and the licentious remiſſneſs of his Sundays Theater; accompanied vvith that reverend Statute for Dominical Jigs and Maypoles, publiſht in his ovvn Name, and deriv'd from the example of his Father James.

1649, J[ohn] Milton, “Upon the Kings Calling this Last Parlament”, in ΕΙΚΟΝΟΚΛΆΣΤΗΣ [Eikonoklástēs] […], London: […] Matthew Simmons, […], →OCLC, page 8:

(archaic) Of or pertaining to the Lord's Day, Sunday.

I haue compoſde a Dictionary, in vvhich / He is inſtructed, hovv, vvhen, and to vvhom / To be proud or humble; at vvhat times of the yeare / He may do a good deed for it ſelfe, and that is / VVrit in Dominicall letters, […]

1631 (first performance), Philip Massinger, The Emperour of the East. A Tragæ-comœdie. […], London: […] Thomas Harper, for Iohn Waterson, published 1632, →OCLC, Act I, scene ii, signature C3, recto:

[S]uch obſerved that our Fights of greateſt importance vvere fought on the Lords day, As the Fight at Edgehill, Nevvbury, &c. as pointing at our ſin in the puniſhment, and Gods vvrath vvas vvritten in Dominical letters: […]

1668, John Wells, “Gods Tremendous Judgments Executed upon Those who have Prophaned and Violated His Holy Day”, in The Practical Sabbatarian: or Sabbath-holiness Crowned with Superlative Happiness, London: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 695:

(historical) Of or pertaining to the ancient system of dominical letters, used for determining Sundays (particularly Easter Sunday) in any given year.

(figuratively, obsolete) Of printed text: in a large size.

[T]hese nails that by good token have not been pared since eighty-eight, should have scratched your face till it had been a dominical one, and as full of red letters as any Pond's Almanac in Christendom.

1651, Thomas Randolph, “Hey for Honesty, Down with Knavery”, in W[illiam] Carew Hazlitt, editor, Poetical and Dramatic Works of Thomas Randolph […], volume I, London: Reeves and Turner […], published 1875, →OCLC, act IV, scene iii, page 469:


dominical

So far, therefore, the dominical and Sabbatarian are at one; save that the ground of exemption, in exceptional cases, which the dominical seeks to establish by general reasonings of his own, the Sabbatarian finds established to his hand by the words of Christ. It is true that the dominical may differ from the Sabbatarian on the question, What is a real case of "necessity and mercy," such as will justify a departure from the letter of the law? But so may a Sabbatarian differ from a Sabbatarian. So may a dominical from a dominical: […]

1863 January, “Art. IV.—Theories of the Lord’s Day—Dominical and Sabbatarian. […]”, in The British and Foreign Evangelical Review, volume XII, number XLIII, London: James Nisbet & Co., […]; Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, →OCLC, page 107:

A person who keeps Sunday as a day of rest, but does not regard it as representing the Sabbath of the Old Testament of the Bible.

sunnuntaina lepopäivää viettävä

does not imply anything about one's beliefs in the Sabbath

Mr. Moore, in opening his case, stated that a custom obtained in this city [Exeter] of paying an annual amount of 4s. 8d. to the officiating clergyman of different parishes, which was termed dominicals. […] [T]he custom had existed for a long while in the parish of paying these dominicals, which might be taken in light of personal tithes, payable on land covered by houses.

1838 June 9, The Western Luminary, quotee, “Events of the Month. [Dominicals.—Interesting Case.]”, in The British Magazine, and Monthly Register of Religious and Ecclesiastical Information, Parochial History, and Documents Respecting the State of the Poor, Progress of Education, &c., volume XIV, London: J. G. & F. Rivington, […]; J. Turrill, […], and T. Clerc Smith, […], published 1 August 1838, →OCLC, page 234, column 1:

[D]ominicals, as I understood, were payments in the nature of tithes, in respect of houses built upon land originally subject to tithe, which view was supported by the fact that in some of the parishes in the city both tithes and dominicals were payable, but in no instance that I was aware of was the same property subject to both.

1874 June 6, “Reg. v. Sandford”, in Edward William Cox, editor, Reports of All the Cases Decided by All the Superior Courts Relating to Magistrates, Municipal, and Parochial Law. […], volume IX, London: “Law Times” Office, […], published 1877, →OCLC, page 65, column 1:

A largely attended meeting was held on Friday night in Exeter, to protest against the custom of levying dominicals, which is being enforced in several parishes in the city. It seems that London, York, and Exeter are the only three cities in which the custom exists.

1874 September 7, “The levying of dominicals”, in The Daily News, number 8,851, London: William King Hales, →OCLC, page 7, column 4:

(British, historical) A payment legally due from a parishioner to the parish, because the parishioner's house was built on land, ownership of which would have originally obliged the landowner to pay a tithe to the parish.

maasta kirkolle maksettava korvaus

payment legally due from a parishioner to the parish, because the parishioner’s house was built on land, ownership of which would have originally obliged the landowner to pay a tithe to the parish

The Goſpels appointed by the Church for the three other Dominicals, or Lords Days in Advent, refer to the firſt manner of his [Jesus's] coming, to vvit, in humility to viſit and redeem his people.

1630 December 8 (Gregorian calendar), Thomas Jackson, “A Sermon, or Postill; Preached in Newcastle upon Tine, the Second Sunday in Advent, 1630”, in The Works of the Reverend and Learned Divine Thomas Jackson, D.D. […], London: […] J. Macock, for John Martyn, Richard Chiswell, and Joseph Clarke, […], published 1673, →OCLC, tome II, book VI, page 386:

The Lutherans retain the cuſtom of Preaching upon the Dominicals.

1664, Robert Seppens, “How It was Managed in the Ancient Church”, in Rex Theologus. The Preachers Guard and Guide in the Didactical Part of His Duty. […], London: […] R[ichard] Royston, […], →OCLC, page 33:

Many of the Collects, Epiſtles, and Goſpels for the Dominicals, and Feſtivals may be reduced to this Creed, and may ſerve for a clear explication of it.

1672, Tho[mas] Elborow, “The Order for the Visitation of the Sick. [The Apostles Creed, or Rule of Faith. 10th. 11th. 12th. Article.]”, in An Exposition upon the Latter Part of the Common-Prayer-Book. […], London: […] J. W. for Joseph Clark, →OCLC, page 29:

Let me not die your debtor, / My red Dominicall, my golden letter, / O that your face vvere not ſo full of Oes.

c. 1595–1596 (date written), W. Shakespere [i.e., William Shakespeare], A Pleasant Conceited Comedie Called, Loues Labors Lost. […] (First Quarto), London: […] W[illiam] W[hite] for Cut[h]bert Burby, published 1598, →OCLC; republished as Shakspere’s Loves Labours Lost (Shakspere-Quarto Facsimiles; no. 5), London: W[illiam] Griggs, […], [1880], →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:

If Gregory [i.e., Pope Gregory XIII] in the caſtigation of the Julian year had throvvn out only 7 days or a VVeek, the Dominicals of the Gregorian had been ſtill the ſame vvith the Julian; but in regard that he lop'd off ten, vvhich is three above ſeven, vve muſt take three Letters of the Julian Dominical to make it Gregorian.

1704, [William] Beveridge, “Additions to the foregoing Chapter Collected from Dr. Beveridge’s Institutiones Chronologicæ”, in Giles Strauchius [i.e., Aegidius Strauch II], translated by Richard Sault, Breviarium Chronologicum. Or A Treatise Describing the Terms and Most Celebrated Characters, Periods and Epocha’s Used in Chronology. […], 2nd edition, London: […] A. Bosville […], →OCLC, § 6, page 92:

[In] the year 1771, the Dominical is F and the Prime 5[.]

1770, Samuel Fuller (of Dublin), A Mathematical Miscellany, 3rd edition, page 168:

dominical letter
dominical letter#English


Angelus bell

(Roman Catholicism) a bell rung to show the time when the Angelus should be recited.


altar bell

(Roman Catholicism) A bell rung at significant times during the Mass.


eschatocol

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek ἔσχατοκολλον (éskhatokollon, “last sheet glued onto a manuscript”), from ἔσχατον (éskhaton) + κόλλα (kólla, “glue”).

bor

ἔσχατοκολλον

(Roman Catholicism) The concluding section of a liturgical preface, following the embolism.


monstrance

From Middle English mustraunce, from Old French mostrance, monstrance, from post-classical Latin mōnstrantia, from classical Latin mōnstrāns, present participle of mōnstrāre (“to show”).

He loved to kneel down on the cold marble pavement and watch the priest, in his stiff flowered dalmatic, slowly and with white hands moving aside the veil of the tabernacle, or raising aloft the jewelled, lantern-shaped monstrance with that pallid wafer that at times, one would fain think, is indeed the "panis caelestis," the bread of angels, or, robed in the garments of the Passion of Christ, breaking the Host into the chalice and smiting his breast for his sins.

1891, Oscar Wilde, “Chapter 11”, in The Picture of Dorian Gray, London, New York, N.Y., Melbourne, Vic.: Ward Lock & Co., →OCLC:

Sir Oswald had done pretty well during the war out of his timber, and there had been no death duties to pay for many years, not since the old man had died. But there was no doubt that the shoe was beginning to pinch. He had been obliged to sell that Spanish monstrance in '30, or was it '31?

1935, Francis Beeding, “7/2”, in The Norwich Victims:

(Christianity) An ornamental, often precious receptacle, either open or with a transparent cover, in which the sacramental bread (consecrated host) is placed for Eucharistic adoration.

дарохранителница

ornamental receptacle in which the consecrated host is placed for Eucharistic adoration


incorruptible

incorruptibles (plural)
incorruptable (alternative)
uncorruptible (alternative)
uncorruptable (alternative)

Borrowed from Middle French incorruptible, from Latin incorruptibilis. By surface analysis, in- + corruptible.

(Christianity) A person whose body does not decompose after death, a sign of holiness.


analvos

Eastern Orthodox Church
Eastern Orthodox Church

(Christianity) Part of the habit of a senior monk in the Eastern Orthodox Church, similar to a scapular.


Comforter

/ˈkʌmfəɹtəɹ/

A translation of the Ancient Greek παράκλητος (paráklētos, “comforter”), used in several verses of the New Testament.

uder

In these words, with which the Gospel for this day commences, He speaks of the Comforter, the Spirit of truth, and of the Father, and of Himself

1832, John Hall, Expository discourses on the Gospels for every Sunday in the year, page 33:

That this high- priestly office belongs only to the bishops, either to seal or to transmit the Comforter Spirit, is proved not only by Church usage

1904, Arthur Crawshay Alliston Hall, Confirmation, page 43:

By the Spirit, He said, He would manifest Himself to them. "The Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will send in My name, He shall teach you

2005, Ellen G White, The Desire of Ages, page 670:

(Christianity) The Holy Spirit, the Holy Ghost.


Saint Paul

The places are named after Paul the Apostle.

(Christianity) Saint who spread Christ's teachings in the early Christian era.


SDA

en-noun

SDA (countable and uncountable, plural SDAs)

Seventh-day Adventism
Seventh-day Adventism#English

(Christianity) Initialism of Seventh-day Adventism, a Protestant denomination.

Seventh-day Adventist
Seventh-day Adventist#English

(Christianity) Initialism of Seventh-day Adventist.


datary

(Roman Catholicism) an officer in the Roman Catholic Church who dispensed benefices

dataria

A Roman Catholic Church officer who dispensed benefices


voluntas ordinata

(Christianity theology) The position (opinion) that, while God has the power to do anything, once He chooses to do something, He ends his ability to do otherwise.


discalced

Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin discalceātus (“barefoot”) + -ed, rendering French déchaussé. By surface analysis, dis- + calced.

bor

Brother John is a member of the Discalced Carmelites.

(Roman Catholicism) Pertaining to a religious order that historically forswore the wearing of shoes.

déchaux

pertaining to a religious order that was historically barefoot


judicatory

/d͡ʒuːˈdɪkətəɹi/

/ˌd͡ʒuːdɪˈkeɪtəɹi/

/d͡ʒuˈdɪkəˌtɔɹi/

/ˈd͡ʒuːdɪkəˌtɔɹi/

(chiefly in Scotland) A court or tribunal


alabado

(Christianity) A Mexican Catholic devotional hymn.


harrowing

As in other myths, like Christ's harrowing of hell, the initiate descends into the netherworld for the magical three days.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 178:

In the harrowing, Christ sweeps down upon death, hell, and the Devil, smashes down the doors of hell, and triumphantly carries the just off to heaven.

1986, Jeffrey Burton Russell, Lucifer: The Devil in the Middle Ages, →ISBN, page 108:

The motif of the harrowing of hell was highly influential in the Insular world.

2002, Michael W. Herren, Shirley Ann Brown, Christ in Celtic Christianity: Britain and Ireland from the Fifth to the Tenth Century, →ISBN, page 157:

But Juliana's uniquely powerful chaining of the devil is surely meant to recall Christ's harrowing of hell.

2013, Robert E. Bjork, The Cynewulf Reader, →ISBN, page 153:

Ravaging; hostile incursion; spoliation; intentional widespread destruction.

(Christianity) Christ's ravaging or hostile incursion of Hell, conducted between his crucifixion and resurrection, in which he liberated the souls of the righteous held captive by Satan.


capitule

Borrowed from Late Latin capitulum (“chapter”) (diminutive of Latin caput (“head”)).

At Vespers the following is sung, after the Capitule:

1856, Martin Wilson Foye, Romish Rites, Offices, and Legends, page 202:

In the capitule, and the responsory which follows it, we recall to the memory of our Lord, in the words of his prophet — or, rather, of the Church, to whose sentiments theprophet gives expression— the fact that we are by no means strangers in his sight.

1872, Guild of st. Alban, Church work - Volume 2, page 275:

We collected ourselves, and as the man, I led; the Sister said the alternate verses, and I the capitule and the prayer, and everything that usually falls to the celebrant.

1930, Restif de La Bretonne, Havelock Ellis, Monsieur Nicolas; Or, The Human Heart Unveiled:

Finally, by evening time and the hour of the capitule, the brotherhood joined in laughing about america's taste for “turkey” and the fact that Franklin preferred the ruffled gobbler to the stately bald eagle.

2014, Benjamin W. Farley, By the Waters of Babylon: Meditations on the Psalms for the Solace and Renewal of the Soul, page 100:

(Roman Catholicism) Synonym of chapter: a reading at one of the canonical hours.


Franciscans

Order of Friars Minor
Order of Friars Minor#English

(Catholicism) Synonym of Order of Friars Minor: the religious order of friars founded by St Francis of Assisi.


assoil

en-verb

assoil (third-person singular simple present assoils, present participle assoiling, simple past and past participle assoiled)

assoils (present singular third-person)
assoiling (participle present)
assoiled (participle past)
assoiled (past)
assoyle (alternative)

From Middle English assoilen (“to absolve or release from blame or sin”), from Anglo-Norman as(s)oiler, as(s)oilier, and Old French as(s)oille [and other forms], the present subjunctive, and as(s)oil, the present indicative, of as(s)oldre, as(s)oudre (“to absolve from blame”) (modern French absoudre), from Latin absoluere, the present active infinitive of absoluō, a variant of absolvō (“to set free from”), from ab- (prefix meaning ‘away from’) + solvō (“to loosen, set free”) (from sē- (“prefix meaning ‘apart; aside; away’”) + luō (“to let go, set free”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewH- (“to cut off, to free”). Doublet of absolve and assoilzie.

nb...

assoiler, assoilier, assoillir, assolier, assolir, asoiler, asoilier, asoillir, asolier, asolir

der

[H]is Barons […] flatly oppoſe themſelues both to his commaund and their Countries good, denying him (vntill he vvere aſſoyled of his excommunication,) their attendance in ſo behouefull a ſeruice.

1611, Iohn Speed [i.e., John Speed], The History of Great Britaine under the Conquests of yͤ Romans, Saxons, Danes and Normans. […], London: […] William Hall and John Beale, for John Sudbury and George Humble, […], →OCLC, book IX ([Englands Monarchs] […]), paragraph 51, page 501, column 1:

(Christianity) To absolve or release (someone) from excommunication or some other religious offence.


buskin

Apparently from Old French bousequin, variant of brousequin (compare modern French brodequin), probably from Middle Dutch broseken, of unknown origin.

(Catholicism) A pontifical vestment in the form of a silk stocking, sometimes embroidered or interwoven with gold thread, reaching to the base of the knee and worn over one’s regular socks but under episcopal sandals.


martyrology

martyrologies (plural)
Mart. (alternative)

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From martyr + -ology or from Latin martyrologium.

վկայաբանություն

Roman Catholicism: a calendar of saints' days, typically with biographical information

... we know that Augustine, a monk in the time of Gregory the Great, took with him into England the martyrology of the Roman Church.

1883, Alessio Aurelio Pelliccia, The Polity of the Christian Church..., p. 311

The study of martyrs and martyrdom; the names and stories of martyrs, particularly

(Roman Catholicism, often capitalized) A liturgical calendar of days for the commemoration of formally recognized saints, usually including some biographical notes.

(Roman Catholicism) Synonym of hagiography, a story of a saint's life and death.


holy hour

(Christianity) the hour of fasting and prayer before communion is to be taken.


Ophir

From Hebrew אוֹפִיר. Mentioned as a place in the Bible; modern scholars have been unable to determine where it was located.

bor

Hebrew אוֹפִיר

However, September came, and with it my second brother; and his companion for the shooting season was the young, handsome, and lively Henry O'Byrne, descended from kings whose crown was old enough to have been made of the gold of Ophir.

1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter X, in Romance and Reality. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 142:

(historical, Christianity) A city or region mentioned in the Bible, famous for its gold.


love feast

From love + feast, partial calque of Latin agape and Koine Greek ἀγάπη (agápē).

(Christianity, historical) A symbolic communal meal held by early Christians in commemoration of the eucharist.

He then invited me to a love-feast at his chapel that evening.

1789, Olaudah Equiano, chapter 10, in The Interesting Narrative, volume I:

(Christianity) A religious service held by Moravians, Methodists and some other group, in imitation of such gatherings, characterised by partaking in a simple meal.


born-again

From the New Testament: "Jesus replied, 'Very truly I tell you, no one can see the kingdom of God without being born again.'" [John 3:3, Today's New International Version].

(Christianity) Having been spiritually changed through faith.

He proclaimed himself a born-again Christian during a church retreat.

And in both cases, a man named Rob Monster – an outspoken born-again Christian and the CEO of a tech company called Epik – made pointed restorations, republishing much of the New Zealand content and putting Gab back online. All in the name, he said, of free speech.

2021 December 9, Rob Kuznia, Curt Devine and Yahya Abou-Ghazala, “Epik is a refuge for the deplatformed far right. Here’s why its CEO insists on doing it”, in CNN:

(Christianity) Having a renewed commitment to Jesus Christ.

To many people a born-again philosophy is a fundamentalist philosophy.

(Christianity) Of or pertaining to evangelicalism.


bread-worship

(Christianity) The worship of the host; artolatry.


break bread

en-verb

break bread (third-person singular simple present breaks bread, present participle breaking bread, simple past broke bread, past participle broken bread)

breaks bread (present singular third-person)
breaking bread (participle present)
broke bread (past)
broken bread (participle past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-break bread.wav

Under medieval conditions, guests brought their own knives worn with them, which were their daggers they hunted and gathered with, then only fit to cut meat. From the expression “break bread with friends” the ellipsis “break bread” implying community developed.

In baptism we make covenant; in communion we renew covenant week by week. . . . After offering prayers of thanksgiving, together we break bread and drink from the cup.

1979, Ronald E. Osborn, The Faith We Affirm, →ISBN, page 61:

(Christianity) To take part in Holy Communion.


daily bread

Possibly a reference to the Lord's Prayer in the Bible, part of which reads in the King James Version: “Give us this day our daily bread” (see Matthew 6:11, and compare Luke 11:3).

I thynke it mete / that euery Chriſten man not only knowe it [the Epistle to the Romans] by rote and with oute the boke / but alſo exerciſe him ſelfe therin euermore continually / as with the dayly brede of the ſoule.

1534 November, Willyam Tindale [i.e., William Tyndale], transl., “A Prologe to the Epistle of Paule to the Romayns”, in The Newe Testament […] (Tyndale Bible), Antwerp: […] Marten Emperowr, folio ccii, verso:

For he [Augustine of Hippo] calleth there the daily bread, which we continually pray for, either corporal bread and meat, which is our daily sustenance for the body, or else the visible sacrament of bread and wine, or the invisible sacraments of God's word and commandments; of the which sacraments God's word is daily heard, and the other is daily seen.

1817, Thomas Cranmer, “[Extracts from An Answer, by the Reverend Father in God, Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury, Primate of All England and Metropolitan, unto a Crafty and Sophisticated Cavillation, Devised by Stephen Gardiner, Doctor of Law, Late Bishop of Winchester, against the True and Godly Doctrine of the Most Holy Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Our Saviour Christ. First Printed in A.D. 1551, and afterwards in 1580, from which Last Edition the Extracts are Taken.] Connexion between the Sacraments and Our Resurrection.—At page 183.”, in Legh Richmond, editor, A Selection from the Writings of the Reformers and Early Protestant Divines of the Church of England. … This Volume Contains Various Tracts and Extracts from the Works of Archbishop Cranmer; with a Memorial of His Life (The Fathers of the English Church; 3), London: Published by John Hatchard, bookseller to the Queen, 190, opposite Albany, Piccadilly, →OCLC, page 629:

This [the Eucharist] is not a physical food but a spiritual one, the very Body and Blood of Christ, offered for them as viaticum for their earthly journey. It is the "daily bread" which the faithful should ask for and eat [every]-day, more hungry and eager for it than for earthly bread.

1987, Father Gabriel of St. Mary Magdalen [i.e., Gabriele di Santa Maria Maddalena], “298. Corpus Christi: Thursday or Sunday after Trinity Sunday: Year A”, in Divine Intimacy, enl. and rev. edition, volume III (Ninth Sunday through Twenty-first Week of Ordinary Time), San Francisco, Calif.: Ignatius Press, →ISBN:

(by extension, chiefly Christianity) All those things, such as regular prayer, worship and meditation, needed to sustain spiritual life.


regeneration

en-noun

regeneration (countable and uncountable, plural regenerations)

From re- + generation or regenerate + -ion, from Latin regenerātiō.

(Christianity) The renewal of the world at the second coming of Christ.


conservator

conservators (plural)
conservatour (alternative)

From Middle English conservatour, from Anglo-Norman conservatour, from Latin cōnservātor (“one who conserves”), agent noun from cōnservō (“I preserve”).

(Roman Catholicism) A judge delegated by the pope to defend certain privileged classes of persons from manifest or notorious injury or violence, without recourse to a judicial process.