millennial

The adjective is a learned borrowing from Late Latin mīllennium (“millennium”) + English -al (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives; and forming nouns). The English word may be analysed as millennium + -al or milli- (prefix meaning ‘thousand’) + -ennial (suffix meaning ‘years’).
Sense 5 (“of or relating to, or characteristic of, people born in the last two decades of the 20th century”) was coined by the American authors William Strauss (1947–2007) and Neil Howe (born 1951) in their book Generations (1991): see the quotations.
The noun is derived from the adjective.

coinage

Michael Dimock (2019 January 17) “Defining generations: Where Millennials end and Generation Z begins”, in Pew Research Center, archived from the original on 2020-06-01.

semiannual · annual · biennial · triennial · quadrennial · quinquennial

quintennial · sextennial · septennial · octennial · novennial · decennary

decennial · sesquidecennial · centennial · sesquicentennial · bicentennial · tricentennial · quadricentennial · bimillennial · trimillennial · quadrimillennial · decamillennial

the millennial judgment

VVhereas the very Povver of the Civil Magisſtrate and his ſecurity is hazarded by vvild and hot-ſpirited men, that vvould raiſe a Fifth Monarchie by Bloud and Rapine, and tumble dovvn all Government, […] and that they are the Pioners to level all plain, and break all Government in pieces, that Chriſt, the Fifth Monarch, may perſonally come and begin his Millennial Empire upon Earth; […]

1660, H[enry] More, chapter XVII, in An Explanation of the Grand Mystery of Godliness; […], London: […] J[ames] Flesher, for W[illiam] Morden […], →OCLC, book I, page 204:

This is that illuſtrious Reign of Chriſt in his Millennial Empire of Love, vvhen the Chriſtian life ſhall take place, and Opinions and Perſecutions ſhall be done avvay.

1669, Henry More, “[https://books.google.com/books?id=6ipkAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP70 The Preface to the Reader, […]]”, in An Exposition of the Seven Epistles to the Seven Churches; […], London: […] James Flesher, →OCLC:

But their reciprocal, unſelfiſh Aid, / Affords an Emblem of Millennial Love.

1745, [Edward Young], “Night the Ninth and Last. The Consolation. Containing, among Other Things, I. A Moral Survey of the Nocturnal Heavens. II. A Night-Address to the Deity. […]”, in The Complaint: Or, Night-Thoughts on Life, Death, & Immortality, London: […] [Samuel Richardson] for A[ndrew] Millar […], and R[obert] Dodsley […], published 1750, →OCLC, page 320:

Every tenant was quite sure things would be different when the reins got into his hands—there was to be a millennial abundance of new gates, allowances of lime, and returns of ten per cent.

1859, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], “The Dairy”, in Adam Bede […], volume I, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book first, page 156:

millenarian

(Christianity) Synonym of millenarian (“pertaining to the belief in an impending period of one thousand years of peace and righteousness associated with the Second Coming of Christ and his reign on earth”)


navicula

(Christianity) A thurible in the shape of a boat.


pattern

From earlier patten, paterne, from Middle English patron (“patron; example”), from Old French patron, from Medieval Latin patrōnus (“patron”). Doublet of padrone, patron, Patronus, and patroon.

skemo

intelligible arrangement which has a mathematical, geometric, statistical etc. relationship

(Ireland, Roman Catholicism) The devotions that take place within a parish on the feast day of the patron saint of that parish.

pátrún

devotions that take place on the feast day of a patron saint


just

From Middle English juste, from Old French juste, from Latin iūstus (“just, lawful, rightful, true, due, proper, moderate”), from Proto-Italic *jowestos, related to Latin iūs (“law, right”); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew-. Compare Scots juist (“just”), Saterland Frisian juust (“just”), West Frisian just (“just”), Dutch juist (“just”), German Low German jüst (“jüst”), German just (“just”), Danish just (“just”), Swedish just (“just”). Doublet of giusto.

der

jes (alternative)
jes' (alternative)
jest (alternative)
jist (alternative)
jus' (alternative)
iust (alternative)

vain

used to show humility in prayer or worship

is that a gun in your pocket or are you just pleased to see me

it is always darkest just before the dawn

my very easy method just speeds up naming planets

my very educated mother just served us nachos

my very educated mother just served us nine pizzas

my very educated mother just served us nine pumpkins

my very educated mother just served us noodles

my very excellent mother just served us nine pizzas

the darkest hour is always just before the dawn

the darkest hour is just before the dawn

Lord, we just want to thank You and praise Your Name.

Heavenly Father, we ask you to just enfold this family with your love as they grieve.

(chiefly Christianity) Used to show humility, earnestness, devotion, etc., during prayer or worship.


placebo

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-placebo.wav

From Middle English placebo, from Latin placēbō (“I shall please”), the first-person singular future active indicative of placeō (“I please”).

There the placebo, the office for the dead, was sung, and a vigil kept throughout the night.

2011, Thomas Penn, Winter King, Penguin, published 2012, page 349:

(Roman Catholicism) The vespers sung in the office for the dead.


wafer

From Middle English wafre, from Anglo-Norman wafre, waufre (Old French gaufre), from a Germanic source. Compare Middle Low German wāfel, Middle Dutch wafel (“honeycomb”), West Flemish wafer. See also waffle.

(Christianity) A thin disk of consecrated unleavened bread used in communion.


sacrifice

en-noun

sacrifice (countable and uncountable, plural sacrifices)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *seh₂k-
Proto-Italic *sakros
Latin sacer
Latin sacrum
Proto-Italic *fakjō
Latin facio
Proto-Indo-European *-yós
Old Latin -ios
Latin -ius
Latin -ium
Latin sacrificiumlbor.
Old French sacrifisebor.
Middle English sacrifice
English sacrifice
From Middle English sacrifice (“act of offering a life or object to a deity; the life or object so offered; (Christianity) act of consecrating the elements in the mass”), from Anglo-Norman sacrefiz, and Old French sacrifice, sacrifise (modern French sacrifice), from Latin sacrificium (“something offered to a deity, sacrifice”), from sacrum (“sacrifice, sacrificial rite”) + faciō (“to do, to make”) + -ium (suffix forming abstract nouns). The noun sacrum is the nominalized neuter of the adjective sacer (“devoted to a deity for sacrifice; holy, sacred”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂k- (“ceremony, ritual; to make sacred”), and the verb faciō is ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to do; to place, put”). Related Latin formations include sacrificus (“of or pertaining to sacrifice, sacrificial”) and sacrificō (“to make a sacrifice”).
Cognates
* Italian sagrifizio
* Occitan sacrifici
* Portuguese sacrificio
* Spanish sacrificio

der

Jesus Christ's voluntary offering of himself to God the Father to be crucified as atonement for the sins of humankind.

uhri

Jesus Christ’s voluntary offering of himself to God the Father to be crucified as atonement for the sins of humankind

The pretensions of the holy see, the authority of tradition, purgatory, transubstantiation, the sacrifice of the mass, […] were copiously discussed.

1849, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter VI, in The History of England from the Accession of James II, volume II, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, pages 109–110:

(by extension) The rite of Holy Communion or the Mass, regarded as (Protestantism) an offering of thanksgiving to God for Christ's crucifixion, or (Roman Catholicism) a perpetual re-enactment of Christ's sacrificial offering.


sacrifice

en-verb

sacrifice (third-person singular simple present sacrifices, present participle sacrificing, simple past and past participle sacrificed)

sacrifices (present singular third-person)
sacrificing (participle present)
sacrificed (participle past)
sacrificed (past)
sacrifice (infinitive)
sacrifice (first-person present singular)
sacrificed (first-person past singular)
sacrifice (present second-person singular)
sacrificest (archaic present second-person singular)
sacrificed (past second-person singular)
sacrificedst (archaic past second-person singular)
sacrifices (present singular third-person)
sacrificeth (archaic present singular third-person)
sacrificed (past singular third-person)
sacrifice (plural present)
sacrificed (past plural)
sacrifice (present subjunctive)
sacrificed (past subjunctive)
sacrifice (imperative present)
sacrificing (participle present)
sacrificed (participle past)

From Middle English sacrificen (“to offer a sacrifice to a deity”), from sacrifice (see etymology 1) + -en (suffix forming infinitives of verbs).

flijoj

(transitive) to offer (a human being or an animal, or an object) to a deity; (transitive) to offer a human being or an animal, or an object, to a deity

For what power but God's can make good the promise of tendering the Body and Blood of Christ, as a visible mean^([sic]) to convey His Spirit? And he that goes about to make this change by consecrating the eucharist, must needs be understood to acknowledge this power of God's; but this is not that acknowledgment, which sacrificing importeth, but that, which every act of religion implieth. He that sacrificeth, acknowledging that which he sacrificeth, with all that he hath, to [come from or belong to]^([sic]) God, to testify this acknowledgment, abandoneth that which he sacrificeth to be destroyed in testimony of it.

1659, Herbert Thorndike, “[An Epilogue to the Tragedy of the Church of England, […].] Chapter V. It Cannot be Proved by the Old Testament that the Eucharist is a Sacrifice. How by the New Testament it may be so Accounted. […].”, in The Theological Works of Herbert Thorndike, […] (Library of Anglo-Catholic Theology; 66), volume IV, Oxford, Oxfordshire: John Henry Parker, published 1852, →OCLC, book III (Of the Laws of the Church), page 113:

(Christianity) To celebrate Holy Communion or Mass.

käydä ehtoollisella

(Christianity) to celebrate Holy Communion or Mass


passion

en-noun

passion (countable and uncountable, plural passions)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *peh₁-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *pet-der.?
Latin patior
Proto-Indo-European *-tisder.
Proto-Italic *-tjō
Latin -tiō
Latin passiōbor.
Old English passion
Latin passiōbor.
Old French passionbor.
Middle English passioun
English passion
From Middle English passioun, passion, from Old French passion (and in part from Old English passion), from Latin passio (“suffering”), noun of action from perfect passive participle passus (“suffered”), from deponent verb patior (“I suffer”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hurt”), see also Old English fēond (“devil, enemy”), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌽 (faian, “to blame”).

etymon

Moreouer the perfit beleue of this article, worketh in all true chriſten people, aloue to continue in this vnitie, and afeare to be caſte out of the ſame, and it worketh in them that be ſinners and repentant, great comforte, and conſolacion, to obteine remiſſion of ſinne, by vertue of Chriſtes paſſion, and adminiſtracion of his ſacramentes at the miniſters handes, ordained for that purpoſe, [...]

1543 June 8, Henry VIII of England, “The Nynthe Article. The Holy Catholike Churche.”, in A Necessary Doctrine and Erudicion for Any Chrysten Man, Set furth by the Kynges Maiestye of Englande, &c., imprinted at London: […] by Thomas Berthelet, […], →OCLC:

(Christianity, usually capitalized) The suffering of Jesus leading up to and during his crucifixion.


tabernacle

From Middle English tabernacle (14th century), from Old French tabernacle, from Latin tabernāculum (“tent, booth, shed”), the diminutive of taberna (“hut, shed”).

der

The tabernacle is to be situated "in churches in a most worthy place with the greatest honor." The dignity, placing, and security of the Eucharistic tabernacle should foster adoration before the Lord really present in the Blessed Sacrament of the altar.

1997, Catechism of the Catholic Church, Part II, Section 1183

(Roman Catholicism) A small ornamented cupboard or box used for the reserved sacrament of the Eucharist, normally located in an especially prominent place in a church.

дарохранителница

small ornamented cupboard or box used for the sacrament of the Eucharist


luna

Borrowed from Latin lūna (“moon; month; crescent”).

The Bread of Angels is first taken from the tabernacle, where it rests in the luna, and placed upon the altar, covered with a corporal. After genuflecting, the priest puts the luna containing the Blessed Sacrament on its throne—the monstrance—and elevates it […]

1907 May, “Dominicanus”, “The Rosary and the Blessed Sacrament”, in the Dominican Friars, The Rosary Magazine, Volume 30, Number 5, page 494

This receptacle is called a “luna” or “lunula” (a moon, or a little moon), and has glass on either side, so that the Host may be seen when enclosed therein. […] ¶ […] ¶ The ciborium, the pyx and luna of the ostensorium are blessed with a simpler formula than that used for the chalice, and […] ¶ […] ¶ The chalice, the paten, the luna and the pyx are sacred things, true sacramentals, and are worthy of deepest reverence; for […]

1917, John F. Sullivan, The Externals of the Catholic Church, BiblioLife, LLC, published 2009, →ISBN, pages 115–116:

The luna, which is a piece of glass in the shape of a moon, contains the Blessed Sacrament, previously consecrated. The luna is then placed in the middle of the sunburst of the monstrance.

2007, John Trigilio, Kenneth Brighenti, The Catholicism Answer Book: The 300 Most Frequently Asked Questions, Sourcebooks, Inc., →ISBN, page 156:

(Christianity, chiefly Catholicism and Anglicanism) A lunette: a crescent-shaped receptacle, often glass, for holding the (consecrated) host (the bread of communion) upright when exposed in the monstrance.


Holy Ghost

From Middle English Holi Gost, from Old English Hāliġ Gāst, a calque of Latin Spīritus Sānctus, which in turn is a calque of Ancient Greek Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον (Pneûma tò Hágion), from πνεῦμα (pneûma, “breath, vital force, soul”) + ἅγιος (hágios, “holy”)), a calque of Hebrew רוח הקודש (ruaḥ ha-qodesh), from רוח (ruaḥ, “wind, breath, spirit”) + קודש (qodesh, “holiness”), from earlier רוח יהוה (ruaḥ yahveh, “wind of Yahweh”).

calque

Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον

Now the birth of Iesus Christ was on this wise: When as his mother Mary was espoused to Ioseph (before they came together) shee was found with childe of the holy Ghost.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 1:18:

O God the Holy Ghost, Perfecter of the Elect, Have Mercy on us.

1728, “The Litany of the Saints and Angels”, in A Manual of Prayers and Other Christian Devotions, page 50:

I baptise thee in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.

1899, “Lay Baptism”, in The Catholic's Pocket Prayer-Book, page 4:

There are deadly sins from which God's people may recover. A man may even communicate unworthily, and yet, so be it he sin not against the Holy Ghost, he may find forgiveness.

1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:

(Christianity) The person (hypostasis) of the Trinity or Godhead corresponding to divine essence, which becomes present in and among the faithful (particularly inspired prophets) and is considered to proceed either (Eastern Orthodoxy) from God the Father alone or (Roman Catholicism) from Him together with God the Son.


Holy Spirit

From Late Middle English Holy Speryte, holy spiriet, holy spyryt, an alteration of earlier Middle English Holygost, Haliȝ Gast, holy goost (see Holy Ghost), equivalent to holy + Spirit.

In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.

The Holy Spirit is now the Spirit of Christ as it was once known by the title of the Spirit of God.

1731, “Dialogue on the Holy Spirit”, in Alexander Campbell, editor, The Millennial Harbinger, volume 2, page 553:

(Christianity) The person (hypostasis) of the Trinity or Godhead corresponding to divine essence present in the faithful (particularly inspired prophets) and considered to proceed either from (Eastern Orthodoxy) God the Father alone or (Roman Catholicism) from Him together with God the Son.


maniple

maniples (plural)
manyple (alternative)
mainipul (alternative)
manypule (alternative)
manaple (alternative)
manipul (alternative)
manipule (alternative)
manuple (alternative)
manipil (alternative)

From Late Middle English maniple, manyple (“scarf worn as vestment, maniple”), borrowed from Middle French, Old French maniple, manipule (“handful; troop of soldiers; scarf worn as vestment”) (modern French manipule), from Latin manipulus (“bundle, handful; troop of soldiers”), from manus (“hand”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meh₂- (“to beckon, signal”)) + the weakened root of pleō (“to fill; to fulfil”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”)). The English word is cognate with Italian manipulo (“scarf worn as vestment”) (obsolete), manipolo (“handful; troop of soldiers; scarf worn as vestment”).
Sense 2 (“part of a priest’s vestments”) is probably from the fact that the item was originally carried in the hand. It may originate from a handkerchief or napkin worn by Roman consuls as an indication of rank.

cog

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-maniple.wav

[T]hey, as men thinking baſelie of ſuch ſimple dealing, adde a great deale more to making of their prieſts: they muſt haue oyle, candels, baſens, tovvels, amices, albes, ſtoals, gyrdles, maniples, miters, bookes, croſſes, linnen, bandes, chalices, patens, ſinging cakes, vvine and vvater, flovver, and ſuch other thinges, trifled and toyed with all, […]

1590, Edward Deering [i.e., Edward Dering], “The Three and Twentie Lecture, vpon the 4. 5. and 6. Verses”, in XXVII. Lectvres, or Readings, vpon Part of the Epistle Written to the Hebrues, London: […] Thomas VVoodcocke, →OCLC:

[T]hen ſhall the Juſtice of the Biſhop (his Officer he means) cauſe a Proceſſion to be made with a Prieſt, habited in an Albe Maniple, and Stole, and Clerks in their Surplices, with Holy-water and a Croſs, the Candleſticks and Incense-pot, with Fire and Incenſe going before, and the Friends of the dead having taken his Body up, ſhall put it on a Biere, and carry it to the Church, where Maſs being ſaid for him, and other Rites performed, they ſhall Inter him as becomes a Chriſtian.

1685, William Howel, “Sect. XII. The Monarchy of the English Saxons Restored in Britain. […]”, in An Institution of General History, or The History of the Ecclesiastical Affairs of the World. […], London: […] [F]or the authors widdow, by Miles Flesher, →OCLC, paragraph 156, page 332:

The Maniple*: We take from you the Maniple, the Ornament of the Sub-diaconal Office, and we ſtrip and deprive you of the Miniſtry deſigned thereby. [Footnote *: Manipulus. An Eccleſiaſticall Veſtment, called alſo the Sudarium, which the Prieſts wear on the left Arm.]

1731, Philip a Limborch [i.e., Philipp van Limborch], “How the Process Ends against a Relapsed Penitent”, in Samuel Chandler, transl., The History of the Inquisition. […], volume I, London: […] J. Gray, […], →OCLC, page 268:

On inspecting the Body [of Leofric, Abbot IV], they found it quite decayed; but the clothing, particularly the Cassock and Archiepiscopal Pall affixed to it with gilded pins, and the Stole and Maniple, so entire; that it was a matter of wonder to them, how they could have laid so long in that state, and yet continue so perfect as they found them.

1812, James Bentham, James Bentham [Jr.], “Abbots of Ely”, in The History and Antiquities of the Conventual & Cathedral Church of Ely: […], 2nd edition, Norwich, Norfolk: […] Stevenson, Matchett, and Stevenson, […], →OCLC, page 91:

The effigy of this bishop [James Goldwell, Bishop of Norwich] is distinguished by the richness of his vestments, these are the cope, with a rich border of lace, closed on the breast, with a large square morse or fibula; beneath the cope is the dalmatic, alb, stole, &c. as usual, and hanging from the left arm is the maniple.

1829, [John Chambers [et al.]], “City or Norwich”, in A General History of the County of Norfolk, […], volume II, Norwich, Norfolk: […] John Stacy; London: […] Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, →OCLC, page 1041:

Although, in this picture, one of the personages holds the martyr's feet, yet nothing indicates them to have been tied, the saint is dressed in the dalmatic and maniple, which denote the functions that the Apostles had confided to St. Stephen by chusing him for one of the first deacons.

1829–1830, [Jean] Duchesne, senior, “Stoning of St. Stephen”, in Museum of Painting and Sculpture, […] = Musée Peinture et de Sculpture, […], volume VI, London: Bossange, Barthès and Lowell, […]; Paris: Audot, […], →OCLC, number 382:

"Can't say Mass this morning. Can't say Mass. I've forgotten to bring the maniple. No maniple. No Mass. It's that muddle-headed Mrs. Gladstone. I told her to be sure she packed all my vestments. And she's forgotten the maniple." […] Mark knew that Dorward was not serious in refusing to say Mass, and after a short argument it was agreed that the absence of a maniple would not invalidate the Mass.

1923, Compton Mackenzie, “The Mission to the Hoppers”, in The Parson’s Progress, London; New York, N.Y.: Cassell and Company, →OCLC, pages 77–78:

The maniple […] is a band of silk brocade, or other material, not unlike a short stole, which is worn over the left fore-arm. The maniple is worn only while celebrating the Holy Eucharist, never at any other service. […] The chasuble, stole and maniple are of the colour of the Festival or Day.

2010, Irving S. Cooper, “The Vestments”, in Dean Bekken, editor, Ceremonies of the Liberal Catholic Rite, 6th edition, San Diego, Calif.: The St. Alban Press, →ISBN, part I (General Instructions Regarding Ceremonies), page 15:

Western Christianity
Western Christianity

Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic Church

(Christianity, chiefly historical) In Western Christianity, an ornamental band or scarf worn upon the left arm as a part of the vestments of a priest in the Roman Catholic Church, and sometimes the Church of England.


apocryphal

en-adj

apocryphal (comparative more apocryphal, superlative most apocryphal)

more apocryphal (comparative)
most apocryphal (superlative)

/əˈpɒkɹɪfəl/

/əˈpɒkɹəfəl/

/əˈpɑːkɹɪfəl/

/əˈpɑːkɹəfəl/

[…] ‘Tobit and his dog baith are altogether heathenish and apocryphal, and none but a prelatist or a papist would draw them into question. I doubt I hae been mista'en in you, friend.’

1814 July 7, [Walter Scott], chapter XXXVI, in Waverley; or, ’Tis Sixty Years Since. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC:

Besides all this, he had read his Bible, including the apocryphal books; […]

1859, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], chapter XIX, in Adam Bede […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC:

The Latins are throughout poorer. Tertullian and Cyprian will be referred to; but Jerome hates apocryphal literature, and says so, while Augustine, a valuable source of knowledge about some New Testament Apocrypha, never, it so happens, quotes spurious Old Testament literature at all.

1920, Montague Rhodes James, “Introductory”, in The Lost Apocrypha of the Old Testament:

(Christianity) Of, or pertaining to, the Apocrypha.


agape

en-noun

agape (countable and uncountable, plural agapae or agapai)

(uncountable, Christianity) The love of God for mankind, or the benevolent love of Christians for others.

ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ

(Christianity) love of God for mankind; benevolent love for others


nunnery

From Middle English nonnery, nonnerie, equivalent to nun + -ery.

Get thee to a nunnery, why wouldst thou be a breeder of sinners?

c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

(chiefly Christianity) The residence of a female religious community, a monastery for nuns.

دَيْر

لِلرَّاهِبَات


ornament

ornament (countable and uncountable, plural ornaments)

/ˈɔɹnəˌmɛnt/

From Middle English ornament, from Old French ornement, from Latin ornamentum (“equipment, apparatus, furniture, trappings, adornment, embellishment”), from ornāre (“to equip, adorn”). The verb is derived from the noun.

der

(Christianity, in the plural) The articles used in church services.


lapsi

(Christianity, historical) Apostates who renounced their faith under persecution by the Ancient Roman authorities.


use

en-noun

use (countable and uncountable, plural uses)

Noun from Middle English use, from Old French us, from Latin ūsus (“use, custom, skill, habit”), from past participle stem of ūtor (“use”). Displaced native Middle English note (“use”) (see note) from Old English notu, Middle English nutte (“use”) from Old English nytt, Old English fricu, and Old English sidu.
Verb from Middle English usen, from Old French user (“use, employ, practice”), from Medieval Latin usare (“use”), frequentative form of past participle stem of Latin uti (“to use”). Displaced native Middle English noten, nutten (“to use”) (from Old English notian, nēotan, nyttian) and Middle English brouken, bruken (“to use, enjoy”) (from Old English brūcan).

der

the Sarum, or Canterbury, use; the York use; the Ordinariate use

From henceforth all the whole realm shall have but one use.

1549 March 7, Thomas Cranmer [et al.], compilers, The Booke of the Common Prayer and Administration of the Sacramentes, […], London: […] Edowardi Whitchurche […], →OCLC:

(Christianity) A special form of a rite adopted for use in a particular context, often a diocese.


Arminian

Borrowed from Dutch arminiaan. Equivalent to Arminius + -an.

(Protestantism) A person who follows the soteriological doctrine of the Dutch theologian Jacobus Arminius that people are able to choose to resist or accept divine grace and therefore faith and salvation through free will.

arminiaan

follower the soteriological doctrine of Jacobus Arminius


Arminian

en-adj

Arminian (comparative more Arminian, superlative most Arminian)

more Arminian (comparative)
most Arminian (superlative)

(Protestantism) Of or relating to the soteriological doctrine of the Dutch theologian Jacobus Arminius.

arminiaans

relating to the soteriological doctrine of Jacobus Arminius


apostolic

Learned borrowing from Latin apostolicus (“apostolic”), from Ancient Greek ἀποστολικός (apostolikós, “apostolic”).

der

Apostolic (alternative)
apostolical (alternative)

apostolic church

the church of any of the apostolic see; the Christian church in general during the apostolic age

apostolic father

any of various early Christian theologians or leading figures traditionally believed to have known the apostles

apostolic poverty

a 13th-century doctrine professed by the mendicant order

apostolic see

any of the see#Noun; see according to tradition founded by apostles

an apostolic mission

Amply shall I deem myself remunerated if either by the holy Charm, the good Spell of Leighton's Words, than which few if any since the Apostolic age better deserve the name of Evangelical, or by my own notes and interpolations, the reflecting Reader should be enabled to apprehend—for we may rightly apprehend what no finite mind can fully comprehend—and attach a distinct meaning to, the Mysteries into which his Baptism is the initiation; and thus to feel and know, that Christian Faith is the perfection of Human Reason.

1825, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, “Reflections respecting Morality”, in Aids to Reflection, page 58:

Chapter 3 demonstrated that high churchmen perceived the Church of England to be a visible society and a member of the one holy catholic and apostolic church, though they particularly emphasized the apostolicity of the church.

1993, Robert D. Cornwall, Visible and Apostolic: The Constitution of the Church in High Church Anglican and Non-Juror Thought, University of Delaware Press, Associated University Presses, page 74:

That was the story of The Salvation Army repeated in many places, at least partly because a small group of people touched the power of the apostolic anointing.[…]In this true story about William Booth, we have an example of what is meant to happen under apostolic grace.

2002, John Kingsley Alley, The Apostolic Revelation: The Reformation of the Church, Peace Publishing, page 153:

I would like to give this dissertation on the apostolic world of thought in early Christian iconography the subtitle of 'In the land of the blessed' —'Μακάρων ἐνἱ χώρῳ'.

2004, Arnold Provoost, “The Apostolic Way of Thought in Early Christian Iconography”, in A. Hilhorst, editor, The Apostolic Age in Patristic Thought, BRILL, page 158:

2008, Jonas Clark, Advanced Apostolic Studies, Spirit of Life Publishing, page 60,
Apostolic churches break out of the four walls of the sanctuary onto the streets and into the homes to preach the Gospel.

(Christianity) Pertaining to apostles or their practice or teaching; pertaining to the apostles (of early Christianity) or their teachings.


Good Friday

en-noun

Good Friday (countable and uncountable, plural Good Fridays)

From good (“holy”); compare good tide to refer to Christmas or Shrovetide (e.g. Goodtyde and Gudtyde in some British dialects), Good Wednesday, and the Good Book to refer to the Bible. Earlier called Old English Langa-Friġedæġ (“Long Friday”).

inh

But Good Friday soon restored to lord Nelville all those religious emotions, the want of which he so much regretted on the preceding days.

1807, [Germaine] de Staël Holstein, translated by D[ennis] Lawler, “[Book X. Holy week.] Chap[ter] IV.”, in Corinna; or, Italy. […], volume III, London: […] Corri, […]; and sold by Colburn, […], and Mackenzie, […], →OCLC, page 43:

(Christianity) The Friday before Easter Sunday, the commemoration of the day on which Christ was crucified.

성금요일

used predominantly in the Roman Catholic church


crucifixion

en-noun

crucifixion (countable and uncountable, plural crucifixions)

/ˌkɹuːsɪˈfɪkʃən/

From Middle English crucifixioun, from Late Latin noun of process crucifīxiō, from perfect passive participle crucifīxus (“fixed to a cross”), from crux (“cross”) + fīgō.

kruisiging

An execution by being nailed or tied to an upright cross and left to hang there until dead.

(Christianity, often capitalized) The death of Jesus Christ on the Cross.


Easter Sunday

Near-synonym: Easter (often synonymous)

(Christianity) A Christian religious moveable holiday commemorating the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead.


resurrection

resurrection (countable and uncountable, plural resurrections)

/ɹɛzəˈɹɛkʃən/

/ɹɛzəˈɹɛkʃn̩/

From Anglo-Norman resurrectiun, from Old French resurrection (French: résurrection), from Late Latin resurrectionem (accusative of resurrectiō) from Latin resurgō (“I rise again”), from re- (“again”), + surgō (“I rise”). Displaced native Old English ǣrist.

But the rest of the dead lived not again until the thousand years were finished. This is the first resurrection.
Blessed and holy is he that hath part in the first resurrection: on such the second death hath no power, but they shall be priests of God and of Christ, and shall reign with him a thousand years.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 20:5–6:

(Christianity, Islam, Judaism) The general resurrection.


Jesus Christ

From Middle English Jesu Crist, Jesus Crist, from Latin Iēsūs Chrīstus, equivalent to Jesus + Christ.

Almighty God, give us the grace that we may cast away the works of darkness, and put upon us the armour of light, now in the time of this mortal life (in which thy son Jesus Christ came to visit us in great humility;)

1681, Church of England, The book of common prayer:

Baháʼí Baháʼí

(Christianity, Islam, Baháʼí) Jesus of Nazareth, a first-century Jewish religious preacher and craftsman (commonly understood to have been a carpenter, see Ancient Greek τέκτων (téktōn, “builder”)) from Galilee, held to be a prophet, teacher and the Messiah, or Christ, in Christianity. Also held to be a prophet in Islam and the Baháʼí Faith.

ܝܶܫܽܘܥ ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ

Yešūʿ M'šīḥāʿ

ܝܼܫܘܿܥ ܡܫܝܼܚܵܐ

Īšōʿ M'šīḥāʿ

ܝܶܫܽܘܥ ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ

Yešūʿ M'šīḥōʿ

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints


Joseph

en-proper noun

Joseph (countable and uncountable, plural Josephs)

→ Maori: Hohepa

From Middle English Ioseph, ultimately from Biblical Hebrew יוֹסֵף (Yoséf, literally “(God) shall add”); a son of Jacob.

der

(Christianity) Joseph of Arimathea; man who donated his own prepared tomb for the burial of Jesus.


chapter

chapters (plural)
chapiter (alternative)
chapitre (alternative)
chapiture (alternative)
chaptre (alternative)
chapyter (alternative)
chapytre (alternative)
chaptire (alternative)

→ Cebuano: tsapter

From Middle English chapitre, from Old French chapitre, from Latin capitulum (“a chapter of a book, in Medieval Latin also a synod or council”), diminutive of caput (“a head”); see capital, capitulum, and chapiter, which are doublets of chapter.

(Roman Catholicism) A prescribed reading at one of the canonical hours.


baptism

en-noun

baptism (countable and uncountable, plural baptisms)

→ Burmese: ဗတ္တိဇံ (batti.jam)

desc

→ Shan: ပပ်ႉတိၸမ်ႇ (pâ̰p tǐ tsàm)

→ Shan: ပပ်ႉတိၸမ်ႇ (pâ̰p tǐ tsàm)

From Middle English bapteme, baptesme, from Old French batesme or bapteme, from Ecclesiastical Latin, Late Latin baptisma, from Ancient Greek βάπτισμα (báptisma, “dipping, baptism”), from βαπτίζω (baptízō, “I dip in liquid”). Displaced native Old English fulwiht.

der

(Christianity) A Christian sacrament, by which one is received into a church and sometimes given a name, generally involving the candidate to be anointed with or submerged in water.


schism

From Middle English scisme, from Old French cisme or scisme, from Ancient Greek σχίσμα (skhísma, “division”), from σχίζω (skhízō, “I split”). Doublet of schisma.
This word was historically pronounced /ˈsɪzəm/ (and still is among the clergy); the pronunciations /ˈʃɪzəm/, /ˈskɪzəm/ are due to the spelling (the latter may have been reinforced by learned influence); compare schedule.

(Catholicism) a split within Christianity whereby a group no longer recognizes the Bishop of Rome as the head of the Church, but shares essentially the same beliefs with the Church of Rome. In other words, a political split without the introduction of heresy.


padre

Borrowed from Italian padre, Spanish padre, or Portuguese padre (“priest”), which are from Latin pater (“father”). Doublet of ayr, faeder, father, pater, and père.

dbt

The Zuma and Manzo Indians of the area were in the habit of going to the missions in the Spanish provinces below the Rio Grande River to solicit the padres to come to teach and baptize them in their villages.

1979, James Wakefield Burke, A Forgotten Glory: the Missions of Old Texas, Waco, TX: Texian Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 62:

(Christianity) A Roman Catholic or Anglican priest.


in the flesh

(religion, especially Christianity) incarnate (of God or a deity: having assumed an earthly body)


PRC

(Christianity) Initialism of Protestant Reformed Church.


pax

From Middle English pax and Latin pax (“peace”). Doublet of peace. See peace. As school slang, originally used at Winchester College, Hampshire, in the United Kingdom.

Fortune is Bardolphs foe, and frownes on him: for he hath ſtolne a Pax, and hanged muſt a be: […] Exeter hath giuen the doome of death, for Pax of little price.

1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene vi], page 80, column 2:

(Christianity) A painted, stamped or carved tablet with a representation of Christ or the Virgin Mary, which was kissed by the priest during the Mass ("kiss of peace") and then passed to other officiating clergy and the congregation to be kissed. See also osculatory.

(Christianity) A crucifix, a tablet with the image of Christ on the cross upon it, or a reliquary.


adoration

en-noun

adoration (countable and uncountable, plural adorations)

/ˌæ.dəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/

Borrowed from Middle French adoration, from Latin adōrātiō, adōrātiōnem (“worship, adoration”), from adōrō (“beseech; adore, worship”), from ad (“to, towards”) + ōrō (“beg”).
From adore + -ation.

der

(Christianity) Worship of Christ in the Eucharistic host in the Catholic Church, often while exposed in a monstrance.


office

Tok Pisin: opis

→ Belarusian: о́фіс (ófis)

→ Bulgarian: о́фис (ófis)

→ Cebuano: opis

→ Chichewa: ofesi

→ Central Dusun: upis

→ Iban: opis

→ Japanese: オフィス

→ Marshallese: wōpij

→ Malay: opis

→ Russian: о́фис (ófis)

→ Scottish Gaelic: oifis

→ Swahili: afisi

→ Tausug: upis

→ Ukrainian: о́фіс (ófis)

Microsoft Office
office (disambiguation)

From Middle English office, from Old French office, from Latin officium (“personal, official, or moral duty; official position; function; ceremony, esp. last rites”), contracted from opificium (“construction: the act of building or the thing built”), from opifex (“doer of work, craftsman”) + -ium (“-y”, forming actions), from op- (“work”) + -i- (connective) + -fex (combining form of faciō (“to do, to make”)).
The use in reference to office software is a genericization of various proprietary program suites, such as Microsoft Office.

zyrë

room(s) or building used for non-manual work

(religion) A ceremonial duty or service, particularly:

(Christianity) The authorized form of ceremonial worship of a church.

(Christianity) Any special liturgy, as the Office for the Dead or of the Virgin.

(Christianity) A daily service without the eucharist.

A ceremonial duty or service
A daily service without the eucharist.

In the Latin rite, all bishops, priests, and transitional deacons are obliged to recite the Divine Office daily.

His spirituall exercises were chiefly Prayer, the H. Sacrifice of Masse, his Canonicall Houres or diuine Office.

1674, Richard Strange, The Life and Gests of S. Thomas Cantilupe, Bishop of Hereford, page 287:

(Catholicism) The daily service of the breviary, the liturgy for each canonical hour, including psalms, collects, and lessons.

(Protestantism) Various prayers used with modification as a morning or evening service.

The deuout offices of balming and anointing the dead bodies[…]

1582, The Nevv Testament of Iesus Christ: […] (Douay–Rheims Bible), Rheims: Iohn Fogny, →OCLC, Iohn 12, marginalia, page 254:

To show their loue in this last office done
To a dead friend.

1618, S. Rowlands, Sacred Memorie, section 37:

I[…]will be first to render thee the decent offices due to the dead.

1822 May 29, [Walter Scott], chapter XI, in The Fortunes of Nigel. […], volume III, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., →OCLC, page 318:

A ceremonial duty or service
Last rites.

The office, or Introite, (as they call it).

1549, “Svpper of the Lorde”, in The Book of Common Prayer, page 121:

(Christianity, obsolete) Mass, (particularly) the introit sung at its beginning.

A Biscayner is capable to be a Cavalier of any of the three habits without any scrutiny to be made of the Office, whether he be, limpio de la sangre de los Moros, that is cleare of the bloud of the Moores or no.

1642, J. Howell, chapter X, in Forraine Travell, page 131:

They abiured their Heresy bublikly [sic] before the Commissary of the holy office.

(figuratively, in large organizations) The administrative departments housed in such places, particularly:

(Catholicism, usually capitalized) Short for Holy Office: the court of final appeal in cases of heresy.


conclave

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-conclave.wav

Achille Beltrame
Pope Pius X
Sistine Chapel

PIE word
 *ḱóm
The noun is derived from Late Middle English conclave (“private chamber; (Roman Catholicism) private room where election of the Pope takes place; meeting held for this purpose”), borrowed from Middle French conclave (modern French conclave), or directly from its etymon Latin conclāve (“chamber, room; enclosed space that can be locked; dining hall”), from con- (prefix denoting a being or bringing together of several objects) (combining form of cum (“(along) with”)) + clāvis (“key”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂w- (“(noun) crook, hook; peg; (verb) to close”)).
The verb is derived from the noun.

konklaaf

教宗選舉 /教宗选举 (jiàozōngxuǎnjǔ, literally “papal election”)

教宗選舉秘密會議 /教宗选举秘密会议 (jiàozōngxuǎnjǔmìmìhuìyì, literally “secret meeting for a papal election”)

On Friday, St. John's Day, the 27th of December, the cardinals entered the conclave. […] Two hours before nightfall, the whole body met again in a chapel within the conclave, and after the bull of pope Julius [II] against simoniacal practices had been read, every cardinal, in the presence of the foreign ambassadors, took his corporal oath upon the Holy Evangelists to observe the bull to the best of his abilities.

1867, J[ohn] S[herren] Brewer, “Introduction”, in Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII. […], volume III, part I, London: Longmans, Green, Reader, & Dyer, →OCLC, pages cxcviii–cxcix:

The set of apartments in which cardinals are secluded while the process to elect a pope takes place.

konklaaf

Of the ten Cardinals now forming the Conclave, five voted for Cardinal Geoffredo Castiglione [later Pope Celestine IV], a Milanese, nephew to Urban III, and three for Cardinal Romano [da Porto].

1856, Mrs. William Busk [i.e., M. M. Busk], “Frederic II”, in Mediæval Popes, Emperors, Kings, and Crusaders; or, Germany, Italy, and Palestine, from A.D. 1125 to A.D. 1268, volume IV, London: Hookham and Sons, […], →OCLC, book IV (continued), page 44:

Two years afterwards Pius IX died, and the Conclave met in the Vatican to choose his successor. Its deliberations were short.

1887 October 15, “Books. Pope Leo XIII. [book review]”, in The Spectator: A Weekly Review of Politics, Literature, Theology, and Art, volume LX, number 3,094, London: […] John Campbell, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1390, column 1:

A group of cardinals assembled to elect a new pope.

[Thomas] VVol[sey]. […] Rome (the Nurſe of Iudgement) / Inuited by your Noble ſelfe, hath ſent / One generall Tongue vnto vs. This good man, / This iuſt and learned Prieſt, Cardnall Campeius [Lorenzo Campeggio], / VVhom once more, I preſent vnto your Highneſſe. / Kin[g Henry VIII]. And once more in mine armes I bid him vvelcome, / And thanke the holy Conclaue for their loues, / They haue ſent me ſuch a Man, I vvould haue vviſh'd for.

1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii], page 214, column 1:

(by extension, loosely) The cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church collectively.

konklaaf

group of cardinals assembled to elect a new pope; cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church collectively

in conclave

papal conclave

The ſaid Duke Ferdinando [I de’ Medici] vvas reputed a vviſe and vvarie Prince, and it vvas a ſolid vviſdom rather than a Formall. He had been long a Cardinall, and at tvvo or three Conclaves (as they call them) or Elections of Popes.

a. 1639 (date written), Henry Wotton, “[Letters, &c. and Characters of Sundry Personages, […].] A Character of Ferdinando di Medici, Gran Duke of Tuscany.”, in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ. Or, A Collection of Lives, Letters, Poems; […], London: […] Thomas Maxey, for R[ichard] Marriot, G[abriel] Bedel, and T[imothy] Garthwait, published 1651, →OCLC, page 360:

[W]e find it once said of an eminent Cardinal, by reaſon of his great and apparent Likelihood to ſtep into St. Peter’s Chair, that in two Conclaves he went in Pope, and came out again Cardinal.

1685 March 4 (Gregorian calendar), Robert South, “Sermon VIII. All Contingencies under the Direction of God's Providence [Preached at Westminster Abbey, February 22, 1684–5].”, in Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions. […], new edition, volume I, London: […] Thomas Tegg, […], published 1843, →OCLC, page 327:

His [Keith O'Brien's] exit came as at least a dozen other cardinals tarnished with accusations that they had failed to remove priests accused of sexually abusing minors were among those gathering in Rome to prepare for the conclave to select a successor to Pope Benedict XVI.

2013 February 26, Laurie Goodstein, “Now gathering in Rome, a conclave of fallible cardinals”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2025-03-13:

A closed assembly at which cardinals elect a pope.

The morrow after which was the thirde daye of the Counſayle, as the Archbiſhop was ſitting beneth in a conclaue with his felow Biſhops about him, conſulting together, the ſayde Biſhops labored by ſundry wayes and meanes, and with verie vehement perſwaſions and learned arguments to wyll him to obedience and to ſubmit himſelfe to the king, […]

1569, Richard Grafton, “Henry the Seconde”, in A Chronicle at Large and Meere History of the Affayres of Englande […], volume II, London: […] Henry Denham, […], for Richarde Tottle and Humffrey Toye, →OCLC, page 60:

The great Seraphic Lords and Cherubim / In cloſe receſs and ſecret conclave ſat / A thouſand Demy-Gods on golden ſeat's, / Frequent and full.

1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC, signature D, verso, lines 794–797:

Appalled the astonished conclave sate; / With stupid eyes, the men of fate / Gazed on the light inspired form, / And listened for the avenging storm; […]

1808 February 22, Walter Scott, “Canto Second. The Convent.”, in Marmion; a Tale of Flodden Field, Edinburgh: […] J[ames] Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Company, […]; London: William Miller, and John Murray, →OCLC, stanza XXXII, pages 110–111:

Now you are all dispersed and scattered: no discussions, no committees, little correspondence—and you yourself are ever brooding and ever in conclave, with persons too who I know, for Stephen has told me so, are the preachers of violence: […]

1845, B[enjamin] Disraeli, chapter III, in Sybil; or The Two Nations. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, book V, page 40:

Some of these [friends of Johnson], in 1764, formed themselves into a club, which gradually became a formidable power in the commonwealth of letters. The verdicts pronounced by this conclave on new books were speedily known over all London, and were sufficient to sell off a whole edition in a day, or to condemn the sheets to the service of the trunk-maker and the pastry-cook.

1856 December, [Thomas Babington] Macaulay, “[Contributions to the Encyclopædia Britannica.] Samuel Johnson.”, in T[homas] F[lower] E[llis], editor, The Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches of Lord Macaulay, new edition, London: Longman, Green, Reader, & Dyer, published 1871, →OCLC, page 386:

No one knew that piece of country, and it was vain to expect that they could make the journey entirely without a contretemps of some kind or other. Therefore the safe return of the Roper party was the usual topic of our nightly conclaves in the verandah.

1887, Mrs. Dominic D[aniel] Daly [i.e., Harriet Douglas Daly], “1870–71”, in Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, […], →OCLC, page 104:

It appears that the subordinate conclave of which the deceased was a member was organized by a person who was recognized by the defendant as having full authority to organize and institute subordinate conclaves. A subordinate lodge or conclave was organized, into which, according to the contention of the plaintiff, the deceased was admitted as a charter member, […]

1897 July, [Spencer Roane] Atkinson, justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia, “Shackelford vs. Supreme Conclave Knights of Damon”, in Walter S. Nichols, editor, The Insurance Law Journal: Reports of Decisions Rendered in Insurance Cases in the Federal Courts, and in the State Supreme Courts, volume VI (New Series; volume XXVI overall), New York, N.Y.: C. C. Hine […], →OCLC, page 562:

More than 2,500 of globalisation's movers and shakers gather for their annual four-day mountaintop conclave this week, aware that the world is still being shaken by the events of half a decade ago.

2014 January 18, Larry Elliott, Jill Treanor, “Davos faces up to weak growth and rising inequality”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-11-13:

(by extension) A closed, private, or secret meeting, especially one of an ecclesiastical nature.


conclave

en-verb

conclave (third-person singular simple present conclaves, present participle conclaving, simple past and past participle conclaved)

conclaves (present singular third-person)
conclaving (participle present)
conclaved (participle past)
conclaved (past)

At Cardinal Verdi's urging the College of Cardinals at last conclaved behind locked doors, slipping into the heavily guarded Sistine Chapel through the underground tunnels for their deliberations.

2002, Brent Dorian Carpenter, “Conclave”, in Man of the Cloth, [Bloomington, Ind.]: AuthorHouse, →ISBN, page 100:

"Brothers, we have a Pope!" Bennelli exclaimed. "But I request that you remain conclaved, until I consult the man whom we elected. I shall return within the hour."

2007, Peter M. Sciarrotta, “Seeing is Believing”, in The Seven Angels of the Apocalypse, 2nd edition, Bloomington, Ind.; Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire: AuthorHouse, →ISBN:

(Roman Catholicism) Of a cardinal: to attend a closed assembly to elect a pope.

osallistua konklaaviin

of a cardinal: to attend a closed assembly to elect a pope


saint

Francis of Assisi
saint
saint (disambiguation)

saints (plural)
St (alternative)
St. (alternative)

From Middle English saint, seint, sainct, seinct, sanct, senct, partly from Old English sanct (“saint”) and confluence with Old French saint, seinte (Modern French saint); both from Latin sānctus (“holy, consecrated”, in Late Latin as a noun, “a saint”), past participle of sancīre (“to render sacred, make holy”), akin to sacer (“holy, sacred”). Doublet of Sanctus. Displaced native Middle English halwe (“saint”) from Old English hālga (“saint, holy one”) (> Modern English hallow (“saint”)).

martyr

person revered for sacrificing their life for a cause, sometimes inclusive of secular reverence by nations or political parties

santa

female Christian saint in Spanish contexts, usu. as a title

sainte

female Christian saint in French contexts, usu. as a title

the lists of derived terms at Saint and St

Then ſhall thy Saints unmixt, and from th' impure / Farr ſeparate, circling thy holy Mount / Unfained Halleluiahs to thee ſing,

1667, John Milton, “Book VI”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 742–744:

(Christianity) One of the blessed in heaven.

Unto the Church of God which is at Corinth, to them that are sanctified in Christ Iesus, called to be Saints, with all that in euery place call vpon the Name of Iesus Christ our Lord, both theirs and ours.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Corinthians 1:2:

(Christianity) A Christian; a faithful believer in the present world.


Agnus Dei

en-noun

Agnus Dei (plural Agnus Deis or Agnus Dei)

Borrowed from Latin Agnus Deī (“Lamb of God”).

(Western Christianity) A liturgical chant recited as part of the Mass, beginning with those words, or the music to which it is set.

agnus-dei

part of the Mass; music to which it is set

(Roman Catholicism, heraldry) A small model, picture, or heraldic representation of a lamb with a cross and sometimes a flag (usually white with a red cross).

Matilda continued her incantations; at intervals she took various items from the basket, the nature and name of most of which were unknown to the friar: but among the few which he distinguished, he particularly observed three human fingers, and an agnus dei, which she broke in pieces.

1796, Matthew Lewis, The Monk, Folio Society, published 1985, page 194:

The most common of these amulets was the agnus dei, a small wax cake, originally made out of paschal candles and blessed by the Pope, bearing the image of the lamb and flag.

1971, Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, Folio Society, published 2012, page 28:

(Roman Catholicism) A bar of wax imprinted with a similar shape and blessed by the Pope.


fold

The noun is from Middle English fold, fald, from Old English fald, falæd, falod (“fold, stall, stable, cattle-pen”), from Proto-West Germanic *falud, from Proto-Germanic *faludaz (“enclosure”).
Akin to Scots fald, fauld (“an enclosure for livestock”), Dutch vaalt (“dung heap”), Middle Low German valt, vālt (“an inclosed space, a yard”), Danish fold (“pen for herbivorous livestock”), Swedish fålla (“corral, pen, pound”).
The verb is from Late Middle English fooldyn, itself derived from the noun.

cog

And other sheepe I haue, which are not of this fold: them also I must bring, and they shall heare my voyce; and there shall be one fold, and one shepheard.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, John 10:16:

(Christianity) A church congregation, a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church; also, the Christian church as a whole, the flock of Christ.


enzyme

en-noun

enzyme (countable and uncountable, plural enzymes)

From German Enzym, coined 1878 by the German physiologist Wilhelm Kühne from Ancient Greek ἐν (en, “in”) + ζύμη (zúmē, “sourdough”).

affix

(Christianity) Leavened bread, as opposed to azyme.


Beelzebub

First attested as Old English Belzebub, from Latin Beelzebūb, the Vulgate's form of Ancient Greek Βεελζεβούλ (Beelzeboúl), from Hebrew בעל זבוב (ba‘al-z'vúv, “fly-lord”), mentioned in 2 Kings chapter 1 as “the god of Ekron”.

der

Baalzebub (alternative)
Belzebuth (alternative)
Beëlzebub (alternative)
Beelzebul (alternative)

Mamma mia, let me go / Beelzebub has a devil put aside for me, for me, for me!

1975, Freddie Mercury, “Bohemian Rhapsody”, in A Night at the Opera, performed by Queen:

𐔱𐔴𐔾𐔵𐔴𐔱𐕒𐕡𐔾

a Semitic deity, another name for the Devil


confirm

en-verb

confirm (third-person singular simple present confirms, present participle confirming, simple past and past participle confirmed)

confirms (present singular third-person)
confirming (participle present)
confirmed (participle past)
confirmed (past)
confirme (alternative obsolete)

⇒ Cantonese: firm (foem1)

From Middle English confirmen, confermen, from Old French confermer, from Latin cōnfirmāre (“to make firm, strengthen, establish”), from con- (“together”) + firmāre (“to make firm”), from firmus (“firm”).

der

She pulled through with the boy till he was confirmed; but then she told him that she could not feed him any longer; he would have to go out and earn his own bread.

1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 215:

Elizabeth, daughter of Henry VIII, was baptized and confirmed at the age of three days.

1971, Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, Folio Society, published 2012, page 35:

(transitive, Christianity) To administer the sacrament of confirmation on (someone).


justification

en-noun

justification (countable and uncountable, plural justifications)

/ˌd͡ʒʌstɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

From Middle English justificacioun, justification, from Middle French justification, from Late Latin iustificationem, justificationem < iustificatio, from iustifico, from Latin iustus.

der

[…] to articulate a common understanding of our justification by God’s grace through faith in Christ.

1999, Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

(Christianity, uncountable) The forgiveness of sin.


Origenism

(Christianity) The teachings of Origen of Alexandria (fl. 3rd century), a Greek Church Father; in particular:

Apocatastasis, the doctrine that all creatures including Satan will be saved before the end of time, condemned as anathema at the Synod of Constantinople in 543 CE.

The doctrine that all souls are created by God prior to conception, also condemned at the Synod of Constantinople.


sepulchre

sepulchres (plural)
sepulcher (alternative)

From Middle English sepulchre, sepulcre, sepulker, from late Old English sepulcer, Old French sepulchre, sepulcre, and their etymon Latin sepulchrum, sepulcrum (“grave, burial place”).

(Christianity, historical) A recess in some early churches in which the reserved sacrament, etc. was kept from Good Friday till Easter.


apostate

From Late Latin apostata, from Ancient Greek ἀποστάτης (apostátēs, “rebel”), from ἀφίστημι (aphístēmi, “to withdraw, revolt”), from ἀπό (apó, “from”) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”).

(Roman Catholicism) One who, after having received sacred orders, renounces his clerical profession.


victim

From Middle French victime, from Latin victima (“sacrificial animal”).

slagoffer

one who is harmed by a disaster or other adverse circumstance

slagoffer

a living being slain and offered as a sacrifice

A living being which is slain and offered as a sacrifice, usually in a religious rite.

(by extension, Christianity) The transfigured body and blood of Christ in the Eucharist.


SSPX

Society of Saint Pius X
w:Society of Saint Pius X

(Roman Catholicism) Initialism of Society of Saint Pius X, a group of traditionalist Roman Catholics.


diocese

dioceses (plural)
diœcese (alternative archaic)
diocesse (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English diocise, from Old French diocese, from Late Latin diocēsis, from Latin dioecēsis (“district under a governor”), from Ancient Greek διοίκησις (dioíkēsis, “internal administration”).

(Christianity) A group of parishes administered by a bishop.


godfather

From Middle English godfader, from Old English godfæder (“godfather”), equivalent to god- + father. Cognate with Old Saxon godfadar (“godfather”), Middle Dutch godvader (“godfather”), Danish gudfader, gudfar (“godfather”), Swedish gudfader, gudfar (“godfather”), Icelandic guðfaðir (“godfather”).

(Christianity) A man present at the christening of a baby who promises to help raise the child in a Christian manner; a male godparent who sponsors the baptism of a child.

krstný otec

reflects his relationship to the baptized child

kmotor

reflects his relationship to the parents of the baptized child


pastoral

/ˌpæsˈtɔːɹəl/

From Middle French, Old French pastoral, from Latin pāstōrālis, from pāstor (“shepherd”), + adjective suffix -ālis.

(religion, Christianity) A letter of a pastor to his charge; specifically, a letter addressed by a bishop to his diocese.

(religion, Christianity) A letter of the House of Bishops, to be read in each parish.


Saul

From Hebrew שָׁאוּל (shaúl, “asked for”). Doublet of Silas, which derived from Aramaic.

Then Saul (who alſo is called Paul) filled with the holy Ghoſt, ſet his eyes on him

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 13:9, column 2:

(Christianity) The Hebrew name of Apostle Paul in the New Testament.


chorus

en-noun

chorus (plural choruses or (dated) chorusses or (rare) chori)

choruses (plural)
chorusses (dated plural)
chori (plural rare)

The noun is borrowed from Medieval Latin chorus (“church choir”), Latin chorus (“group of dancers and singers; dance”), from Ancient Greek χορός (khorós, “group of dancers and singers, choir, chorus; dance accompanied by song; round dance”); further etymology uncertain, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to encircle, enclose”) or *ǵʰoros. Doublet of choir, chore, and hora.
The plural form chori is from Latin chorī, from Ancient Greek χοροί (khoroí).
The verb is derived from the noun.

der

(Christianity) A simple, often repetitive, song intended to be sung in a group during informal worship.


primate

First attested in c. 1275. From Middle English primat(e), from Old French primat (French primat), from Late Latin prīmās, prīmātis (“chief bishop”), substantivisation of prīmās (same as Etymology 1), from prīmus (“prime, first in rank (also as a substantive)”). Compare English primus, of similar derivation and meaning.

The Archbishop of Quebec is the primate of Canada.

(Christianity) In the Catholic Church, a rare title conferred to or claimed by the sees of certain archbishops, or the highest-ranking bishop of a present or historical, usually political circumscription.

(Christianity) In the Orthodox Church, the presiding bishop of an ecclesiastical jurisdiction or region. Usually, the expression primate refers to the first hierarch of an autocephalous or autonomous Orthodox church. Less often, it is used to refer to the ruling bishop of an archdiocese or diocese.

(Christianity) In the Anglican Church, an archbishop, or the highest-ranking bishop of an ecclesiastic province.


protocol

en-noun

protocol (countable and uncountable, plural protocols)

/ˈpɹəʊtəˌkɒl/

Borrowed from Middle French protocolle, protocole (“document, record”), from Late Latin protocollum (“the first sheet of a volume (on which contents and errata were written)”), from Byzantine Greek πρωτόκολλον (prōtókollon, “first sheet glued onto a manuscript”), from πρῶτος (prôtos, “first”) + κόλλα (kólla, “glue”). Doublet of collage, collagen, and colloid.

doublet

This protocol of the Preface has been constant, with minor modification, from the Apostolic Tradition, of Hippolytus in 215 A.D., the earliest extant text of the Eucharistic Prayer, to the present 2002 Missale Romanum.

2010, Virgilio T.J. Suerte Felipe, The Lord’s Supper, Eucharist, Mass… What’s in a Name? […], →ISBN, pages 45–46:

The proper Preface for Eucharistic Prayer II also appears as Common Preface VI. In it, the protocol and body of the Preface structure are meshed.

2011, Michael S. Driscoll, J. Michael Joncas, The Order of Mass: A Roman Missal Study Edition and Workbook, →ISBN, page 213:

The celebrant then takes up this response in the first part of the preface itself (also known by the technical term ‘protocol’): […]

[2022, Uwe Michael Lang, The Roman Mass: From Early Christian Origins to Tridentine Reform, →ISBN, page 140:

(Roman Catholicism) The introduction of a liturgical preface, immediately following the Sursum corda dialogue.


hope

en-noun

hope (countable and uncountable, plural hopes)

From Middle English hope, from Old English hopa (“hope, expectation”), from the same source as the verb hope.

hope springs eternal in the human breast

But now abideth faith, hope, love, these three; and the greatest of these is love.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Corinthians 13:13:

(Christianity, uncountable) The virtuous desire for future good.


seal

en-verb

seal (third-person singular simple present seals, present participle sealing, simple past and past participle sealed)

seals (present singular third-person)
sealing (participle present)
sealed (participle past)
sealed (past)

From Middle English sele, from Anglo-Norman sëel, from Latin sigillum, a diminutive of signum (“sign”).
Doublet of sigil and sigillum.

What was that office, or work, to which his Father sealed him? I answer, more generally, he was sealed to the whole work of mediation for us, thereby to recover and save all the elect, whom the Father had given him:

1836, John Flavel, The Fountain of Life Opened; Or, A Display of Christ in His Essential and Mediatorial Glory. 1671, page 44:

Perfectly so, I tell thee, of the sealed people who have come in through unbelief, pretending themselves to be children of the kingdom, that they are sealed to be heirs of the promise, but have come in as thieves and robbers.

1861, Joanna Southcott, Lavinia Elizabeth C. Jones, The scriptures of the holy Trinity, page 88:

Let us all strive to get ourselves sealed to redemption, seeing God doth seal those whom he will deliver in that great day; if we be not in this number, we shall not escape damnation.

1866, Paul Baynes, An Entire Commentary Upon the Whole Epistle of St. Paul to the Ephesians, page 81:

Thus these representatives of humanity are first sealed to help with the final work of salvation.

2015, Uchenna Mezue, Hidden In Plain Sight: A Study of the Revelation to John:

(Christianity) To form a sacred commitment.


apocalypse

From Middle English apocalips, from Latin apocalypsis, from Ancient Greek ἀποκάλυψις (apokálupsis, “revelation”), literally meaning "uncovering", from ἀπό (apó, “back, away from”) and καλύπτω (kalúptō, “I cover”). The sense evolution to "catastrophe, end of the world" stems from the depiction of such events in the biblical Book of Revelation, also called the Apocalypse of (i.e. Revelation to) John.

der

Alternative form: Apocalypse

Meronyms: Final Judgment, Judgment Day, judgement day, judgment day

Near-synonym: Ragnarok

(Christianity) The unveiling of events prophesied in the Revelation; the second coming and the end of life on Earth; global destruction.

Alternative form: Apocalypse


autonomy

en-noun

autonomy (countable and uncountable, plural autonomies)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek αὐτονομῐ́ᾱ (autonomĭ́ā, “freedom to use its own laws, independence”), from αὐτόνομος (autónomos, “living under one's own laws, independent”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā, “-y, -ia”, nominal suffix). By surface analysis, auto- (“self”) + -nomy (“a system of rules or laws about a particular field”).

surf

(Christianity, uncountable) The status of a church whose highest-ranking bishop is appointed by the patriarch of the mother church, but which is self-governing in all other respects. Compare autocephaly.


virgin

From Middle English virgine, from Old French virgine, from Latin virginem, accusative of virgō. Doublet of Virgo. Displaced native Old English fǣmne.

In its list of saints, the Catholic Church classifies St. Agnes, St. Maria Goretti, and St. Thérèse of Lisieux as virgins.

This was the relation of the order of virgins to the Church from the latter part of the fourth to the beginning of the seventh century. The modern “sister” had no exact prototype in the Church of the first seven centuries.

1894, Authorized Report of the Proceedings of the ... Congress of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States ..., page 109:

The list of saints' days and festivals includes a number of the Romish holidays, properly so called, viz.: Lucian, priest and martyr, Jan. 8 ; Hilary, bishop and confessor, Jan. 13 ; Prisca, virgin and martyr, Jan. 18 ; Fabian, bishop and martyr, Jan. 20 ; Agnes, virgin and martyr, Jan. 21 […]

1894, John McClintock, James Strong, Cyclopaedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature, page 26:

It is evident that those from the priesthood are chiefly taken from the order of virgins, or if not from virgins, at least from monks; or if not from the order of monks, then they are wont to be made priests who keep themselves from their wives […].

1900, A Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church: Second Series, page 366:

It ought to have become apparent, however, that the well-established order of widows was the model for the newly developing order of virgins. Both orders earned their legitimization from the way of life adopted by their members […]

1994, Susanna Elm, `Virgins of God' : The Making of Asceticism in Late Antiquity: The Making of Asceticism in Late Antiquity, Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 174:

According to Jerome's account, a young man, who desired to seduce a consecrated virgin of the church, at first attempted to do so through the standard means of seduction: namely, “with touching, jokes, nods, whistles, and the rest” (Vit. Hil. 21.2670–75).

2007, Todd C. Penner, Caroline Vander Stichele, Mapping Gender in Ancient Religious Discourses, BRILL, →ISBN, page 89:

Grant, O Lord, I beseech thee, that the Virgin and Martyr, St. Philomena, may solicit thy mercy for us. I implore her intercession, through the merits of her chastity, and by the glory that she gave to thy power, in dying for thee.

2015, Anonymous, Aeterna Press, The Life and Miracles: Saint Philomena, Virgin and Martyr, Aeterna Press:

(Catholicism, Orthodoxy or historical) Someone vowed to virginity (usually a woman and often a consecrated virgin), or someone who died in defense of their virginity; (especially) one venerated as a saint.


station

→ Hindi: स्टेशन (sṭeśan)

→ Irish: stáisiún

→ Malay: stesen

desc

ਸਟੇਸ਼ਨ (sṭeśan)

→ Punjabi: سٹیشن/ਸਟੇਸ਼ਨ (sṭeśan)

→ Scottish Gaelic: stèisean

→ Swahili: stesheni

→ Urdu: سْٹیشَن (sṭeśan), اِسْٹیشَن (isṭeśan)

From Middle English stacioun, borrowed from Anglo-Norman estation, from Latin statiōnem, accusative of statiō (“standing, post, job, position”), whence also Italian stazione. Doublet of stagione. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἵστημι (hístēmi), στάσις (stásis), Old English standan (whence English stand).

Stations of the Cross
Stations of the Cross

(Christianity) Any of the Stations of the Cross.

(Christianity) The Roman Catholic fast of the fourth and sixth days of the week, Wednesday and Friday, in memory of the council which condemned Christ, and of his passion.

So dyd Offa[…]Deuoutly to vysyte all the hole stacyons of the cytee of Rome.

1513, Henry Bradshaw, The Life of Saint Werburge of Chester:

(Christianity) A church in which the procession of the clergy halts on stated days to say stated prayers.


tierce

From Old French tierce, from Latin tertia.

(religion, Roman Catholicism) Synonym of terce: the third canonical hour or its service.


prose

en-noun

prose (usually uncountable, plural proses)

From Middle English prose, from Old French prose, from Latin prōsa (“straightforward”) from the term prōsa ōrātiō (“a straightforward speech – i.e. without the ornaments of verse”).
further etymology and related terms
The term prōsa (“straightforward”), a colloquial form of prorsa (“straight forwards”), the feminine form prorsus (“straight forwards”), from Old Latin prōvorsus (“moving straight ahead”), from pro- (“forward”) + vorsus (“turned”), form of vertō (“I turn”). Compare verse.

der

Proses are parts of the Office of the Mass which are sung just before the Gospel, upon great Festivals. The French also call those Rhythmical Hymns Proses, which are sung in their Offices in the Church of Rome, in which Rhime only, and not Quantity of Syllables, is observed.

(Roman Catholicism) A hymn with no regular meter, sometimes introduced into the Mass.


preface

prefaces (plural)
præface (alternative)
Preface (alternative)

Late 14th century, from Middle English preface, prefas, from Old French preface (from which derives the modern French préface), from Medieval Latin prefātia, for classical Latin praefātiō (“a saying beforehand”), from praefor (“to speak beforehand”), from prae- (“beforehand”) + for (“to speak”).

Meronyms: protocol, embolism, eschatocol

(Christianity) A variable prayer forming the prelude or introduction to the Eucharistic Prayer or canon of the Mass, following the Sursum corda dialogue and leading into the Sanctus.


NO

(Roman Catholicism) Initialism of Novus Ordo.


primer

US, irregular, but common; borrowed from Etymology 2

From Middle English primer, primere, from Medieval Latin primarius and primarium (“prayer book”) possibly via Anglo-Norman primer (“prayer book”), from prima (“prime the liturgical hour and office”) + -arius and -arium (suffix forming related objects). Its use for schoolbooks derived from the late medieval and early modern use of such prayer books to teach reading.

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="la">-arium</i> (suffix forming related objects).

(historical, Catholicism ecclesiastical) A prayer or devotional book intended for laity, initially an abridgment of the breviary and manual including the hours of the Virgin Mary, 15 gradual and 7 penitential psalms, the litany, the placebo and dirige forming the office of the dead, and the commendations.

Book of Common Prayer
Book of Common Prayer

(historical, Protestantism ecclesiastical) Any of various similar works issued in England for private prayer in accordance with the Book of Common Prayer.


ark

→ Maori: āka

From Middle English arke, from Old English earc, ærc, from Latin arca (“chest, box, coffer”), from arceō (“I enclose”).

In the midrash about Noah it says that Noah had a stone which, when held up in the darkness of the ark, would change color when the sun was shining outside.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 201:

(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) Noah's ark: the ship built by Noah to save his family and a collection of animals from the deluge.


octave

From Latin octavus (“eighth”). Doublet of octavo, ochava, and oitava.

Octave in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

[…] the Chamberlains' records of the companies' visits to their towns are, for the most part, not precisely dates, but merely group them together […] within their annual accounting period which normally […] ran from Michaelmas (29 September) to Michaelmas, or its octave (6 October).

2000, John Southworth, Shakespeare the Player:

It was extended to the entire Church by 1814, and then in 1913 the feast was transferred to September 15, the octave day of the Birth of Mary and the day after the Exaltation of the Cross.

2014, Jennifer Gregory Miller, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

(Christianity) The day that is one week after a feast day in the Latin rite of the Catholic Church.

1870, The Night Hours of the Church, trans. Rev. J. M. Neale
Of an Octave the Office is said. or at least commemorated, (when any Sunday or Feast intervene), for eight successive days.

(Christianity) An eight-day period beginning on a feast day in the Latin rite of the Catholic Church.


pastor

pastors (plural)
pastour (alternative obsolete)

pasta (Australia, New Zealand, Northern England)

From Middle English pastour, from Old French pastor (Modern French pasteur), from Latin pāstor.

(Protestantism) A minister or priest in a church.

Coordinate term: parochial vicar

(Roman Catholicism, US) The main priest serving a parish.


pastor

en-verb

pastor (third-person singular simple present pastors, present participle pastoring, simple past and past participle pastored)

pastors (present singular third-person)
pastoring (participle present)
pastored (participle past)
pastored (past)
pastour (alternative obsolete)

As they pastored churches in Georgia and Texas, they supported talented black politicians who were unable to win statewide office.

2009 January 21, Shaila Dewan, “Epic Campaign Divided Family, Then United It”, in New York Times:

(Christianity, ambitransitive, stative) To serve a congregation as pastor


prime

composite

prime element of a mathematical structure

From Middle English prime, from Old French prime and its etymon, Latin prīmus (“first”), from earlier prīsmos < *prīsemos < Proto-Italic *priisemos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“beyond, before”). Doublet of primo and primus.
The noun sense "apostrophe-like symbol" originates from the fact that the symbol ′ was originally a superscript Roman numeral one.

der

(Christianity) The religious service appointed to this hour.


prior

From Middle English priour, prior (“head or deputy head of a monastery or other religious house; predecessor; superior”), from Old English prior, from Anglo-Norman priour, prior, priur, and Old French prior, priur (modern French prieur), and directly from their etymon Latin prior (“ancestor; predecessor”) (whence Late Latin prior (“superior of a religious house or order; abbot; deputy abbot; head of a guild”)), a noun use of prior (“former, previous, prior”, adjective): see etymology 1.

cog

(abbot’s deputy):

It is not yet an hundred yere a goe, ſince that ſame mayſter doctour was butler in the ſame houſe, whereof I was maiſter and praiour: […]

1532, Thomas More, “The Confutacion of [William] Tyndale’s Aunswere […]. The Eyght Booke in which is Confuted Doctour [Robert] Barnes Church.”, in Wyllyam Rastell [i.e., William Rastell], editor, The Workes of Sir Thomas More Knyght, […], London: […] Iohn Cawod, Iohn Waly, and Richarde Tottell, published 30 April 1557, →OCLC, page 791, column 1:

(Christianity) A high-ranking member of a religious house or religious order.

In an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy; a prior claustral.

прыёр

in an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy

The head of a priory (“a monastery which is usually a branch of an abbey”), or some other minor or smaller monastery; a prior conventual.

priori

head of a priory, or some other minor or smaller monastery

The head of the Arrouaisian, Augustinian, and formerly Premonstratensian religious orders.

priori

[I]t hath appertained to the Archbishops of Canterbury and York for the space of four hundred years or thereabouts to have spiritual jurisdiction over all your Grace's subjects dwelling within the provinces; […] in the meantime of vacation the same privilege resteth in the churches of Canterbury and York; and is executed by the prior, dean and chapter of the said churches; […]

1856, James Anthony Froude, “The Parliament of 1529”, in History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Death of Elizabeth, volume I, London: John W[illiam] Parker and Son, […], →OCLC, pages 216–217:

An honorary position held by a priest in some cathedrals.


good news

en:the message of Jesus concerning the salvation of the faithful

(Christianity) The message of Jesus concerning the salvation of the faithful, as elaborated in the Gospels.


hostie

Borrowed from Middle French hostie, from Latin hostia.

1694 August 9, James Drummond, 4th Earl of Perth, Letter XII, in 1845, William Jerdan (editor), Letters from James, Earl of Perth, Lord Chancellor of Scotland, &c, to His Sister, Countess of Erroll, and Other Members of His Family, page 40,
This Hostie* is carryed about the streets in procession : and really it is very fine to see the solemnity.

But he went to another Prieſt, that lived in the Court, who gave him the pix with an hoſtie in it.

1725, Gilbert Burnet, The History of the Reign of King Charles II: Bishop Burnet's History of His Own Time, page 1011:

The confessor gave him an hostie,* with a piece of wood, that was, as he pretended, a true piece of the cross, and by these he was to be fortify himself, if any other apparition should come to him, since evil spirits would certainly be chained up by them.[…]The friar presented the hostie to them, which gave them such a check, that he was fully satisfied of the virtue of this preservative.

1836, Church of England, Extraordinary Instance of Romish Imposition: The Church of England Magazine, volume 1, page 349:

(obsolete, Catholicism, Scotland) the consecrated bread or wafer of the Eucharist, host.


lavabo

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-lavabo.wav

From the Christian ritual, which was traditionally accompanied in Catholicism by a recitation of Psalm 25:6 (Psalm 26:6, in the Hebrew and in most modern translations) which in Latin begins with the word lavābō (“I will wash”). The sense of "room with a toilet" developed under the influence of lavatory and lav.

(Christianity) A ritual involving the washing of one's hands at a church's offertory before handling the Eucharist.

These small liturgical towels got […] the name of Lavabo cloths or Lavaboes.

1870, Daniel Rock, Textile Fabrics, page 203:

(Christianity) The small towel used to dry the priest's hands following the ritual.


nones

nones (plural)
Nones (alternative)
Non. (alternative)

From Latin nōnus (“ninth”).
As a day of the Roman calendar, via nōnae (“ninth days”) from the original Roman practice of counting forward to the next full or new crescent moon, the nones' occurrence 8 days before the ides of every month (9 counting inclusively) following the establishment of a fixed calendar, and from the Latin practice of treating most recurring calendrical days as plurals. Some scholars believe the name is a variant of the nundines (nūndinae fēriae (“ninth-day festival”)), the Roman market days held every eight days (9 counting inclusively), which were likely announced for each coming month by the Roman kings on the first-quarter days.
As a time of day, via the plural form of Middle English, Anglo-Norman, & French none and Latin nōna (“ninth hour”) after the manner of earlier matins, vespers, etc. As a meal, from the time of day, whether from its plural, genitive, or the occasional adverbial sense of -s.

The Greek monks always listen to their reader recite Psalms 83, 84, and 85 from the Septuagint at nones.

(Christianity) The divine office appointed to the hour.


oblate

From French oblat and its source, post-classical Latin oblātus (“person dedicated to religious life”), a nominal use of the past participle of offerō (“I offer”).

der

(Roman Catholicism) A person dedicated to a life of religion or monasticism, especially a member of an order without religious vows or a lay member of a religious community.


pall

From Middle English pal, palle, from Old English pæl, pæll, from Old French paile and Latin pallium (“cloak; covering”) (and thus a doublet of pallium), probably from palla (“piece of cloth worn as apparel”) (possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to cover, wrap; hide, skin; cloth”)) + -ium (suffix forming abstract nouns).

(Christianity) A piece of cardboard, covered with linen and embroidered on one side, used to cover the chalice during the Eucharist.

(Christianity, obsolete) A cloth used for various purposes on the altar in a church, such as a corporal (“cloth on which elements of the Eucharist are placed”) or frontal (“drapery covering the front of an altar”).

By the way, a pall is a pontifical vestment, considerable for the matter, making, and mysteries thereof. […] But, to speak plainly, the mystery of mysteries in this pall was, that the archbishops' receiving it showed therein their dependence on Rome; and a mote, in this manner ceremoniously taken, was an acknowledgement of their subjection. And as it owned Rome's power, so in after-ages it increased their profit. For, though now such palls were freely given to archbishops, […] yet in after-ages the archbishop of Canterbury's pall was sold for five thousand florins: […]

1655, Thomas Fuller, “Section II. The Seventh Century.”, in The Church-history of Britain; from the Birth of Jesus Christ, untill the Year M.DC.XLVIII, London: Printed for Iohn Williams, →OCLC; The Church History of Britain, […] In Three Volumes, 3rd edition, volume I, London: Printed for Thomas Tegg, […], 1842, →OCLC, section 38 (What a Pall is), page 107:

Or it might be a magnificent pall, in the days in which this garment had lost its primitive character, that taxed the skill and the patience of the fair needlewoman. It was about the year a.d. 601 that Pope Gregory [I] sent two archbishop's palls into England; the one for London, which see was afterwards removed to Canterbury, and the other to York.

1840, [Elizabeth Stone], “Needlework of the Dark Ages”, in Countess of Wilton [i.e., Mary Margaret Stanley Egerton], editor, The Art of Needle-work, from the Earliest Ages; including Some Notices of the Ancient Historical Tapestries, 2nd edition, London: Henry Colburn, publisher, […], →OCLC, page 66:

(Christianity) Especially in Roman Catholicism: a pallium (“liturgical vestment worn over the chasuble”).


schema

Unadapted borrowing from Latin schēma, from Ancient Greek σχῆμα (skhêma, “form, shape”). Doublet of scheme.

(Christianity) A monastic habit in the Greek Orthodox Church.


simar

simars (plural)
simarre (alternative)
symar (alternative)

Borrowed from French simarre (“type of robe”), from Italian cimarra, zimarra. Doublet of chimer.

(Christianity) A type of ecclesiastical vestment, similar to a cassock.


synod

From Ancient Greek σύνοδος (súnodos, “assembly, meeting”) – from σύν (sún, “with”) (English syn-) + ὁδός (hodós, “way, path”).
Compare also with the term סַנְהֶדְרִין (“sanhedrin”) common throughout Hebrew Talmudic literature.

bor

Addressing a number of previously taboo topics, this synod could result in several liberalizing reforms, though there is no guarantee that it will produce anything at all.

2023 October 2, Jason Horowitz, Elisabetta Povoledo, “What Is a Synod in the Catholic Church? And Why Does This One Matter?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(Christianity) An ecclesiastic council or meeting to consult on church matters.

(Christianity) An administrative division of churches, either the entire denomination, as in the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod, or a mid-level division (middle judicatory, district) as in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America


valid

en-adj

valid (comparative more valid, superlative most valid)

more valid (comparative)
most valid (superlative)

Borrowed from Middle French valide (“healthy, sound, in good order”), from Latin validus, from valeō (“I am strong, I am healthy, I am worth”) + -idus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“be strong”).

der

(Christianity, theology) Genuine - as distinguished from efficient or regular - sacrament.


antinomian

From Medieval Latin Antinomi, from Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”) + νόμος (nómos, “custom, law”).

"He was called by many persons an antinomian, though his life was exemplary."

1886, J. H. Thorpe, "John Brine" entry in Dictionary of National Biography:

(Christianity, Judaism) One who embraces, encourages, or practices antinomianism.

antinomisti

one who embraces, encourages, or practices antinomianism


canonization

en-noun

canonization (countable and uncountable, plural canonizations)

canonizations (plural)
canonisation (alternative UK)

(Christianity) The final process or decree (following beatification) by which the name of a deceased person is placed in the catalogue (canon) of saints and commended to perpetual veneration and invocation.


consubstantiation

(Christianity) The actual, substantial presence of the body of Christ with the bread and wine of the sacrament of the Lord's Supper; impanation, as opposed to transubstantiation.

consubstanciación

the presence of the body of Christ with the bread and wine of the sacrament


deification

deification (usually uncountable, plural deifications)

From Middle English deificacion, from Middle French deifier + -acion or borrowed directly from Latin deificātiō, from deificō (“deify”) + -tiō (noun suffix), from deus (“god”) + -ficō (“make”). Equivalent to deify + -ication. In the Christian theological sense influenced by the use of deificātiō as Latin translation of Byzantine Greek θέωσις (théōsis).

euhemerization

act of deifying; chiefly Chinese contexts

There is an experiential component to Maximos’ writings: he draws upon the reality of the contemplative life and in doing so secures deification as the goal of the monastic spiritual life in Orthodoxy.

2010, Paul M. Collins, Partaking in Divine Nature: Deification and Communion, page 108:

(Christianity, theology) Union with God; theosis.


dispensation

dispensation (countable and uncountable, plural dispensations)

From Old French despensacion, from Latin dispensātiō.

تَحِلَّة

[H]e had a dispensation for conforming in outward observances to the Protestant faith.

1822, [Walter Scott], chapter I, in Peveril of the Peak. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., →OCLC, pages 5–6:

Why, there has gone already to Rome a messenger to crave a second dispensation from his Popeship, and the King himself hath signed the request, praying that you and I should graciously be permitted to wed!

1905, Samuel Rutherford Crockett, May Margaret: called "the fair maid of Galloway," - Page 184:

The relaxation of a law in a particular case; permission to do something forbidden, or to omit doing something enjoined; exemption.

(Catholicism) In the Roman Catholic Church, an exemption from some ecclesiastical law, or from an obligation to God which a person has incurred of his own free will (oaths, vows, etc.).


domination

domination (countable and uncountable, plural dominations)

/ˌdɒməˈneɪʃən/

/ˌdɑːməˈneɪʃən/

From Middle English domynacion, from Old French dominacion, from Latin dominātiō (“rule, dominion”), from dominor (“domineer; rule”); see dominate.

Thrones, dominations, princedoms, virtues, powers.

1667, John Milton, “Book V”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

The succession of orders given in this passage is not exactly the same as in the succeeding chapters, in which it is as follows: -- Seraphim, Cherubim, Thrones; Dominations, Virtues, Powers; Principalities, Archangels, Angels.

1872, The Sacristy: A Quarterly Review of Ecclesiastical Art and Literature, page 20:

According to Dionysius, the dominations have the duty in the heavenly host of regulating the tasks of the angels and "through them the majesty of God is manifested." Through the efforts of the dominations - who are naturally seen only rarely by mortals -- the very order of the cosmos is maintained.

2010, Matthew Bunson, Angels A to Z: A Who's Who of the Heavenly Host, →ISBN, page 80:

(Christianity) A dominion; an angel from a high order of angels in the celestial hierarchy.


elevation

elevation (countable and uncountable, plural elevations)

/ˌɛlɪˈveɪʃən/

From Old French elevation, from Latin elevatio, equal to elevate + -ion.

(Christianity, chiefly Roman Catholicism) The raising of the host—representing Christ’s body—in a mass or Holy Communion service.


invitation

invitation (countable and uncountable, plural invitations)

From Middle English invitacioun, ynvytacioun, from Latin invītātio, reinforced by Middle French invitation. Displaced native Middle English lathinge from Old English laþung (see dialectal English lathing).

(Christianity) The brief exhortation introducing the confession in the Anglican communion-office.


midweek

From mid- + week. Compare Saterland Frisian Midwiek (“Wednesday”, literally “midweek”), German Low German Middeweek (“Wednesday”, literally “midweek”), German Mittwoch (“Wednesday”, literally “midweek”).

cog

This Wednesday is churchwide midweek; men's is the next one.

(Christianity, Latter-Day Saints, Jehovah's Witnesses, informal) Midweek worship service, held by many congregations and in addition to a Sunday morning service.


revival

en-noun

revival (countable and uncountable, plural revivals)

(religion) Renewed interest in religion, after indifference and decline; a period of religious awakening; special religious interest.

(Christianity) A Christian religious meeting held to inspire active members of a church body or to gain new converts.


server

→ Danish: server

→ Dutch: server

→ German: Server

→ Hindi: सर्वर (sarvar)

→ Hungarian: szerver

→ Italian: server m

→ Japanese: サーバー (sābā)

→ Korean: 서버 (seobeo)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: server, sørver

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: server, sørvar

→ Persian: سرور

→ Polish: serwer

→ Portuguese: server

→ Romanian: server n

→ Russian: се́рвер (sérver)

desc

→ Thai: เซิร์ฟเวอร์ (sə́əp-wə̂ə)

→ Thai: เซิร์ฟเวอร์ (sə́əp-wə̂ə)

→ Turkish: server

From Middle English servere, equivalent to serve + -er.

(Christianity) A priest's attendant at the celebration of the Eucharist.


moderate

From a substantivization of the above adjective, see -ate (noun-forming suffix) and Etymology 1 for more.

(Christianity, historical) One of a party in Scottish Church history dominant in the 18th century, lax in doctrine and discipline, but intolerant of evangelicalism and popular rights. It caused the secessions of 1733 and 1761, and its final resultant was the Disruption of 1843.


diptych

From Late Latin diptycha, plural, from Ancient Greek, neuter plural of δίπτυχος (díptukhos, “folded, doubled”), from δι- (di-) + πτυχή (ptukhḗ, “fold, layer”).

(Christianity) A double catalogue, containing in one part the names of living, and in the other of deceased, ecclesiastics and benefactors of a church.

díptic

double catalogue of ecclesiastics and benefactors of the church


mandate

en-verb

mandate (third-person singular simple present mandates, present participle mandating, simple past and past participle mandated)

mandates (present singular third-person)
mandating (participle present)
mandated (participle past)
mandated (past)

First attested in 1623; partly directly borrowed from Latin mandātus (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and Etymology 1 for more), partly from the above noun by metanalysis.

After I have mandated my exercices.

1724, Robert Wodrow, Life of James Wodrow:

He [sc. Archbishop Secker] then proceeds to express his disapprobation of what is called Mandating of Sermons, or repeating them from memory. This custom prevails much among foreign Divines, and throughout the whole Church of Scotland.

1796, Charles Simeon, The Gospel Message:

He rose and walked his study, ‘mandating’ his opening sentences with appropriate gestures.

1893, Samuel Rutherford Crockett, Stickitt Minister:

I had only from that evening at six till Sabbath to mandate my two discourses.

1951, Robert James Drummond, Lest We Forget:

(Scotland, especially Christianity) To repeat, rehearse sermons or speeches aloud.


Holy Land

(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) That part of the Middle East, consisting mostly of Israel and Palestine, in which most Biblical events are set.

اَلْأَرْض اَلْمُقَدَّسَة

that part of Asia in which most Biblical events are set


old man

en-noun

old man (countable and uncountable, plural old men)

old men (plural)
oldman (alternative)
old-man (alternative)

From Middle English alde mann, aldman, elde man, oldeman, from Old English eald man.

A new light has entered into the life and transformed it wonderfully, the soul has been born again, the old man has been put off, the new man which is akin to Jesus Christ has been put on.

1906 [1890 November], Richard Acland Armstrong, “What must I do to be saved?”, in George Gilbert Armstrong, editor, Richard Acland Armstrong: A Memoir, Green, page 155:

(Christianity) The state of human nature without the spiritual transformation brought about by redemption through Jesus Christ.


Baal

en-proper noun

Baal (countable and uncountable, plural Baals or Baalim)

Baals (plural)
Baalim (plural)
Baʿal (alternative)
Ba'al (alternative)
Baʻl (alternative)

From Late Latin Baal (as in the Vulgate) and Ancient Greek Βάαλ (Báal); from Hebrew בַּעַל (bá`al, “lord, husband, owner”), Phoenician 𐤁𐤏𐤋 (bʿl, “lord, master, owner”) and Ugaritic 𐎁𐎓𐎍 (baʿlu, “lord, owner”), all from Proto-Semitic *baʿl- (“owner, lord, husband”).

der

(Christianity) One of the demons or fallen angels of Satan.


patriarch

/ˈpeɪtɹɪɑːk/

/ˈpeɪt͡ʃɹiɑɹk/

From Middle English patriark, patriarche, from Late Latin patriarcha; later reinforced by Old French patriarche, from Byzantine Greek πατριάρχης (patriárkhēs, “the founder of the tribe/family”), from Ancient Greek πατριά (patriá, “generation, ancestry, descent, tribe, family”) + -ᾰ́ρχης (-ắrkhēs, “-arch”), with some senses likely influenced directly by Latin pāter (“father”) or Ancient Greek πᾰτήρ (pătḗr, “father”). Compare matriarch. By surface analysis, patri- + -arch.

(Christianity) The highest form of bishop, in the ancient world having authority over other bishops in the province but now generally as an honorary title; in Roman Catholicism, considered a bishop second only to the Pope in rank.


Marian

en-adj

Marian (comparative more Marian, superlative most Marian)

more Marian (comparative)
most Marian (superlative)

a Marian apparition

Marian devotions

When, e.g., Dr. Pusey and others tell him, on à priori grounds, that his constant and unintermitting worship of Mary lessens his simple trust in Jesus, such a statement can only elicit from him amazement and pity; because he knows, as a matter most strictly within his own personal cognisance, that Marian devotion is among his most efficacious helps for growing in the knowledge and the love of God.

1867, E. Pusey, “Dr. Pusey on Ecclesiastical Unity”, in The Dublin Review, volume 8, page 84:

(Christianity) Of or relating to the Virgin Mary.


Old Testament

From Middle English Olde Testament, calqued from Latin Vetus Testāmentum. Old refers to ancientness, not to obsolescence. Equivalent to a retronym, by comparison with the New Testament.

The Old Testament says that eating shellfish is a sin.

(religion, chiefly Christianity) The first major part of the Christian Bible, covering events before the coming of Christ, corresponding roughly to the Jewish Tanakh. Usually subdivided into the categories of law, history, poetry (or wisdom books), and prophecy.


G-d

[…] after ſome pauſe, his rage for a while depriving him of utterance, he took out his pen-knife, and opening it, vehemently ſwore, with this very pen-knife, by G—d, will I cut off his ears.

1784, Thomas Sheridan, “Section VII.”, in The Life of the Rev. Dr. Jonathan Swift, Dean of St. Patrick’s, Dublin, London: […] C[harles] Bathurst, W[illiam] Strahan, B. Collins, […], pages 438–439:

[…] having made a cross cut, so as to ascertain the depth of the fat upon the chest, exclaimed, in a sort of rapture, “Three inches of white fat on the brisket!—prime—prime, as I am a crowded sinner—and de’il ane o’ the lazy loons in but mysell! Seven—aught—aught tines on the antlers. By G—d, a hart of aught tines, and the first of the season![…]”

1822 May 29, [Walter Scott], chapter III, in The Fortunes of Nigel. […], volume III, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., →OCLC, page 85:

The designer, in essence, is G-d--it is s/he who creates the geography of the world (It took me six months to design the world for Lords and Wizards ((Adam's fantasy boardgame, published by Fantasy Games Unlimited-tpg))...guess I'm a slow worker, because it took you-know-how six days.).

1978 May 29, Adam L. Gruen, “Fantasy Game Design”, in Thomas Philip Gould, editor, Lilaf, number 9, New York, N.Y.: FWS Publications, page 3:

(dated, Christianity) Censored spelling of God in contexts perceived as blasphemous.

הַשֵּׁם

the name; literally a Hebrew phrase used for the same reasons