New Testament

Holonym: Bible

Muslims believe that the Final Testament, the Quran, is a continuation of the New Testament.

(biblical, Christianity) The second half of the Christian Bible, which includes the four Gospels, the Book of Acts, the Epistles, and the Book of Revelation.


gospel

en-noun

gospel (countable and uncountable, plural gospels)

→ Japanese: ゴスペル (gosuperu)

From Middle English gospel, gospell, godspel, godspell, goddspell, from Old English godspell (“gospel”), corresponding to God + spell (“talk, tale, story”), literally “the message of God”, believed to be an alteration of earlier *gōdspell (literally “good news”), used to translate ecclesiastical Latin bona annūntiātiō, itself a translation of Ecclesiastical Latin ēvangelium / Ancient Greek εὐαγγέλιον (euangélion, “evangel”, literally “good news”) (English evangel). Compare Old Saxon gōdspel and godspell (“gospel”), Old High German and Middle High German gotspel (“gospel”), Icelandic guðspjall (“gospel”), and the modern calque Malayalam സുവിശേഷം (suviśēṣaṁ).

der

(Protestantism) The teaching of Divine grace as distinguished from the Law or Divine commandments.


Mattathias

/ˌmætəˈθaɪ.əs/

From the Latin Mattathiās, from the Ancient Greek Μᾰττᾰθῐ́ᾱς (Măttăthĭ́ās), from the Biblical Hebrew מַתִּתְיָהוּ (mattiṯyāhū). Doublet of Matthew.

uder

מַתִּתְיָהוּ

Mathathias (alternative)
Matthathias (alternative)

vvho vvas of Matthathias, vvho vvas of Amos, vvho vvas of Naum, vvho vvas of Heſli, vvho vvas of Naggé,

1582, The Nevv Teſtament of Ieſus Chriſt, tranſlated faithfully into Engliſh, out of the authentical Latin (first edition), The Holy Goſpel of Ieſus Chriſt according to Luke iii:25 (page 144)

(rare) A male given name from Hebrew — famously held by:

(Christianity, in Luke’s genealogy of Christ) The son of Amos and father of Joseph, six-times-great–grandfather of Jesus.

vvho vvas of Mahath, vvho vvas of Matthathias, vvho vvas of Semei, vvho vvas of Ioſeph, vvho vvas of Iuda,

1582, The Nevv Teſtament of Ieſus Chriſt, tranſlated faithfully into Engliſh, out of the authentical Latin (first edition), The Holy Goſpel of Ieſus Chriſt according to Luke iii:26 (page 144)

(Christianity, in Luke’s genealogy of Christ) The son of Semei and father of Mahath, twelve-times-great–grandfather of Jesus.

In thoſe dayes aroſe Mathathias the ſonne of Iohn, the ſonne of Simeon, prieſt of the ſonnes of Ioarib from Ieruſalem, and he ſate in the mountayne of Modin: and he had fiue ſonnes, Iohn who was ſurnamed Gaddis: and Simon, who was ſurnamed Thaſi: and Iudas, who was called Machabeus: and Eleazar, who was ſurnamed Abaron: and Ionathan, who was ſurnamed Apphus.

1610, The ſecond tome of the Holie Bible faithfully tranſlated into Engliſh, out of the authentical Latin (first edition), The Firſt Booke of Macabees ii:1–5 (page 896)

(Judaism and Christianity) A Jewish priest featured in the second chapter of 1 Maccabees, instigator of the Maccabean Revolt and progenitor of the Hasmonean dynasty.


free will

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-free will.wav

From Middle English fre will, fre wil, fre wille.

freewill (alternative)
freewil (alternative)

Some people deny that humans have free will, and argue that every thought and action is preordained by God.

You can bind my limbs, but you can never deprive me of my free will.

What is free will but the power of volition and action, and of thought and speech, to all appearance as of one's self?

1869, Emmanuel Swedenborg, translated by R Norman Foster, The True Christian Religion:

The new challenge to free will comes from a different direction: neuroscience's discovery that people's brains are a collection of diversely oriented modules, and that our understanding of our own intentionality is to a great degree a legitimating fiction which one module in the left hemisphere of the brain retroactively imposes over the decisions different modules make.

2012 January 12, “Free will and politics”, in The Economist:

(philosophy, Christianity) The ability to choose one's actions and make choices that are not predetermined by predestination, fate, etc.

בחירה חפשית f (b'khirá khofshít, literally “free choice”)

רָצוֹן חׇפְשִׁי /רצון חופשי m (ratsón khofshí, literally “free will”)


immaculate

en-adj

immaculate (comparative more immaculate, superlative most immaculate)

more immaculate (comparative)
most immaculate (superlative)

Giovanni Battista Tiepolo
Museo del Prado

From Late Middle English immaculat, immaculate (“blameless; flawless, spotless; specifically of the Virgin Mary: pure, undefiled”), borrowed from Latin immaculātus (“unstained”), from im- (negative prefix) + maculātus (“stained, spotted; defiled, polluted; (figurative) dishonoured”), the perfect passive participle of maculō (“to spot, stain; to defile, pollute; (figurative) to dishonour”), from macula (“a blemish, spot, stain; (figurative) blot on one’s character, fault”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *smh₂-tló-m (“wiping (?)”), from *smeh₁- (“to rub; to smear”). The word displaced Middle English unwemmed (“pure, untainted”). See also -ate (adjective-forming suffix).
Cognates
* Catalan immaculat
* Italian immacolato, immaculato (obsolete)
* Middle French immaculé (modern French immaculé)
* Portuguese imaculado
* Spanish inmaculado

ref

From the collection of the Museo del Prado in Madrid, Spain.

perfek

containing no mistakes — see also flawless

(Roman Catholicism) Of the Virgin Mary or her womb: pure, undefiled.

onbevlekte

of the Virgin Mary or her womb: pure, undefiled — see also undefiled


Saint Nicholas

St Nicholas (alternative)
St. Nicholas (alternative)

(Christianity) A 4th-century Greek bishop from Myra, Anatolia, patron saint of children, mariners and the unwed among others, functioning in multiple countries as a gift-giving figure around his feast day of December 6.

Shën Nikolla

4th-century Greek bishop, patron of children and mariners


fundamentalist

From fundamental + -ist, after a book series called “The Fundamentals: A Testimony to the Truth“ (1910).

Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

(Christianity) Originally referred to an adherent of an American Christian movement that began as a response to the rejection of the accuracy of the Bible, the alleged deity of Christ, Christ's atonement for humanity, the virgin birth, and miracles.

fundamentalisti

adherent of a certain American Christian movement


Quadragesima

/ˌkwɒdɹəˈdʒɛsɪmə/

From Latin Quadrāgēsima (“Lent”), from feminine substantive use of quadrāgēsimus (“fortieth”), from the 40 days between Ash Wednesday and Easter using inclusive counting and excluding Sundays.

Quadragesima Sunday
Quadragesima Sunday#English

(Christianity) Synonym of Quadragesima Sunday: the first Sunday in Lent.


nativity

en-noun

nativity (countable and uncountable, plural nativities)

From Middle English nativite, from Anglo-Norman nativite, Middle French nativite, and their source, Latin nātīvitās (“birth”). See also naïveté.

Be it therefore enacted by the authority of this present parliament, that the said statute of repeal, and every thing therein contained […] shall be void and of none effect, from, and after the feast of the Nativity of S. John Baptist, next coming.

1559, “An Act for the uniformity of Common Prayer, and Service in the Church, and the administration of the Sacraments”, in William Keatinge Clay, editor, Liturgical Services: Liturgies and occasional forms of prayer set forth in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, Cambridge University Press, published 1847, page 27:

1624, will of Edmond Heywood of the parish of Christchurch London, cited in Katharine Lee Bates, “A Conjecture as to Thomas Heywood’s Family,” The Journal of English and German Philology, Volume 12, 1913, p. 96,
Alsoe I give to the poore of the parish of Christchurch The some of Sixe poundes to be disposed of in this sorte that is to saie, three poundes thereof in Bread on the daie of my funeralle and the other three poundes in bread alsoe on the feast of the Nativitie of our lord then next followinge […]

Occasionally, too, he ventured to bring her some ghostly present—such as a picture of the Madonna and child, or one of those little naked images which are hawked about the streets at the nativity.

1835, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “Martin Franc and the Monk of St. Anthony”, in Outre-Mer: A Pilgrimage Beyond the Sea, volume I, New York: Harper & Bros., pages 33–34:

The earliest mention of the 25th of December as Christmas Day is found in an ancient catalogue of Church festivals about A.D. 354. And it is surprising to see with what alacrity the date was received and the Nativity celebrated throughout Christendom.

1894, Henry van Dyke, The Christ-Child in Art: A Study of Interpretation, New York: Harper & Brothers, page 61:

The edition of 1564 contains 23 festival days, the following being a list in Kalendar order. […] 24 June—Nativity of John Baptist; […] 8 Sept.—Nativity of Mary […]

1956, John A. Lamb, The Kalendar of The Book of Common Order, 1564-1644, page 19:

(Christianity, also with capital initial) The festival celebrating the birth of Jesus, Christmas Day; the festival celebrating the birth of the Virgin Mary or the birth of Saint John the Baptist.


archimandrite

/ˌɑːkɪˈmændɹaɪt/

Borrowed from French archimandrite, from Latin archimandrīta, from late Ancient Greek ἀρχιμανδρίτης (arkhimandrítēs), from ἀρχι- (arkhi-, “highest”) + μάνδρα (mándra, “enclosure, cloister, monastery”) + -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs, “member of”).

uder

ἀρχιμανδρίτης

(Eastern Orthodoxy, rarely Catholicism) An honorary title sometimes given to a monastic priest.


end times

End Times (alternative)
end-times (alternative)

And I can hear it loud and clear / The world is ending, and what do I care? / She's gone, end times are here

2010, Mark Oliver Everett, “End Times”, performed by Eels:

Robert Jeffress, the pastor of First Baptist Dallas, said in an interview that Mr. Van Impe’s premillennial view of the end times paved the way for his own ministry and that of other popular preachers like John Hagee and David Jeremiah.

2020 January 22, Elizabeth Dias, “Jack Van Impe, End Times Preacher on TV, Is Dead at 88”, in The New York Times:

(Christianity) The days leading up to the second coming of the Messiah (Christ), when the world will be judged.

ахырызаман

the days leading up to the second coming of the Messiah


motor

→ Persian: موتر (môtar)

→ Japanese: モーター (mōtā)

→ Korean: 모터 (moteo)

→ Burmese: မော်တော် (mautau)

→ Hausa: mōtā̀

→ Isoko: omoto

→ Nupe: mátò

→ Yoruba: mọ́tò

→ Shanghainese: 馬達 /马达 (mo⁶-da⁶)

→ Chinese: 馬達 /马达 (mǎ dá)

→ Tibetan: མོ་ཊ (mo ṭa)

From Middle English motour (“controller, prime mover; God”), from Latin mōtor (“mover; that which moves something”), from mōtō (“I set in motion”).

der

(Christianity, archaic, poetic) The controller or prime mover of the universe; God.


eucharistic

en-adj

eucharistic (comparative more eucharistic, superlative most eucharistic)

more eucharistic (comparative)
most eucharistic (superlative)
Eucharistic (alternative)

The eucharistic sacrament.

1849, George Cornewall Lewis, An Essay on the Influence of Authority in Matters of Opinion:

(Christianity) Pertaining to the Eucharist.


papist

From Middle French papiste, from Latin pāpa (“pope”).

(religious slur, Christianity) A Roman Catholic, especially one whose loyalties are seen to be with the papacy in Rome.


papist

papist (comparative more papist, superlative most papist)

more papist (comparative)
most papist (superlative)
Papist (alternative)

However, Menem promptly surprised many observers (and most of his voters) by forming an alliance with Alsogaray, and becoming more papist than the Pope in economic orthodoxy.

2011, Jill Hedges, Argentina: A Modern History:

(religious slur, Christianity) Roman Catholic.


council

From Middle English counseil, conseil, from late Old English cuncile, from Anglo-Norman cuncile and Old French concile, from Latin concilium. Doublet of concelho.

the First Council of Nicaea

(Christianity) Short for church council.


chapel

→ Japanese: チャペル (chaperu)

→ Korean: 채플 (chaepeul)

From Middle English chapele, chapel, from Old French chapele, from Late Latin cappella (“little cloak; chapel”), diminutive of cappa (“cloak, cape”). Doublet of capelle.
(printing office): Said to be because printing was first carried on in England in a chapel near Westminster Abbey.

der

(especially Christianity) A place of worship, smaller than or subordinate to a church.


institution

en-noun

institution (countable and uncountable, plural institutions)

/ˌɪnstɪˈtʃuːʃən/

From Middle English institucioun, from Old French institution, from Latin institūtiō, from instituō (“to set up”), from in- (“in, on”) + statuō (“to set up, establish”).

(Christianity) The act by which a bishop commits a cure of souls to a priest.


frontal

From Middle English frountel, from Old French frontel, from Latin frontāle (“a frontlet, metal band for the forehead”).

der

Even the mantelpiece is adorned with a totally unfunctional tasselled valance rather like an altar frontal.

1969, David G. Irwin, The Visual Arts, Taste and Criticism, page 27:

(Christianity) A decorative drapery covering the front of an altar.


discipline

en-noun

discipline (countable and uncountable, plural disciplines)

spontaneity

antonym(s) of “controlled behaviour et al.”

[ˈd̥ɪsɪ̽plɪ̈n]

From Middle English [Term?], from Anglo-Norman, from Old French descipline, from Latin disciplina (“instruction”), from discipulus (“pupil”), influenced by disco (“to learn”), from Proto-Indo-European *dek- (“(cause to) accept”).

فَرْع مِنَ الْمَعْرِفَة

specific branch or knowledge or learning

All she had done was give Teena a cilice, a barbed metal chain she was to tie around her thigh for two hours every day, and a discipline, a rope whip with knotted ends she was to use on her back when she prayed the Hail Mary.

2024 March 16, Antonia Cundy, “The Opus Dei diaries”, in FT Weekend, page 18:

A punishment to train or maintain control.

(Catholicism) A whip used for self-flagellation.

piiska

Catholicism: whip used for self-flagellation


deicide

en-noun

deicide (countable and uncountable, plural deicides)

(Christianity, theology) The crucifixion of Jesus, viewed as a crime.


mystery

mystery (countable and uncountable, plural mysteries)

From Middle English mysterie, from Anglo-Norman misterie (Old French mistere), from Latin mysterium, from Ancient Greek μυστήριον (mustḗrion, “a mystery, a secret, a secret rite”), from μύστης (mústēs, “initiated one”), from μυέω (muéō, “I initiate”), from μύω (múō, “I shut”). Displaced native Old English ġerȳne.

der

The second decade of the Rosary concerns the Sorrowful mysteries, such as the crucifixion and the crowning with thorns.

(Catholicism) A particular event or series of events in the life of Christ.

мисте́рия

an event in the life of Jesus used as a focus for devotions


communicate

en-verb

communicate (third-person singular simple present communicates, present participle communicating, simple past and past participle communicated)

communicates (present singular third-person)
communicating (participle present)
communicated (participle past)
communicated (past)

Adapted borrowing of Latin commūnicāt- (past participial stem of commūnicō (“share, impart; make common”)) + -ate (verb-forming suffix), from commūnis (“common”) + -icō. Compare French communiquer and its older (and now obsolete) English cognate from Middle French, communique.

af

past participial stem of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">commūnicō</i> (“share, impart; make common”)

It seems that now [the Devil] was driving Alison hard. She had been remiss of late—fewer souls sent to hell, less zeal in quenching the Spirit, and, above all, the crowning offense that her bairn had communicated in Christ's kirk.

1899 January – 1902 January, John Buchan, “The Watcher by the Threshold”, in The Watcher by the Threshold, and Other Tales, Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, published 1902, →OCLC, page 213:

The ‘better sort’ might communicate on a separate day; and in some parishes even the quality of the communion wine varied with the social quality of the recipients.

1971, Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, Folio Society, published 2012, page 148:

(intransitive, Christianity) To receive the bread and wine at a celebration of the Eucharist; to take part in Holy Communion.

cumnic

to receive or take part in Holy Communion

[W]hen ſhe [the church] can underſtand that ſuch an emendation is made, and the man is really reformed, ſhe can pronounce him pardon'd, or vvhich is all one, ſhe may communicate him.

1660, Jeremy Taylor, “Of Repentance Preparatory to the Blessed Sacrament. Sect[ion] V. What Significations of Repentance are to be Accepted by the Church in Admission of Penitents to the Communion.”, in The Worthy Communicant or A Discourse of the Nature, Effects, and Blessings Consequent to the Worthy Receiving of the Lords Supper […], London: […] R. Norton for John Martyn, James Allestry, and Thomas Dicas […], published 1661, →OCLC, pages 475–476:

(transitive, Christianity) To administer the Holy Communion to (someone).


declare

en-verb

declare (third-person singular simple present declares, present participle declaring, simple past and past participle declared)

declares (present singular third-person)
declaring (participle present)
declared (participle past)
declared (past)
declare (infinitive)
declare (first-person present singular)
declared (first-person past singular)
declare (present second-person singular)
declarest (archaic present second-person singular)
declared (past second-person singular)
declaredst (archaic past second-person singular)
declares (present singular third-person)
declareth (archaic present singular third-person)
declared (past singular third-person)
declare (plural present)
declared (past plural)
declare (present subjunctive)
declared (past subjunctive)
declare (imperative present)
declaring (participle present)
declared (participle past)

From Middle English declaren, from Old French declarer, from Latin dēclārō (“to make clear”), from dē- + clārus (“clear”).

декларирам

to make outstanding debts, e.g. taxes, payable.

He prayed to God "please heal my sister", while she declared "I am healed in Jesus' name".

(Christianity, particularly Evangelicalism) To state that a thing shall happen or affirm a condition in the hopes of seeing it happen spiritually, in contrast to prayer which takes the form of a request.

宣布

to affirm or state something emphatically


tertiary

English numerals#Ordinal numbers
Lay Carmelites
Peterhouse, Cambridge
Saint-Étienne Cathedral
University of Cambridge

/ˈtɜː.ʃə.ɹiː/

/ˈtɜː.ʃə.ɹiː/

PIE word
 *tréyes
Borrowed from the Latin tertiārius (“of the third part or rank”), from tertius (“third”) (from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥tyós, whence English third) + -ārius (whence the English suffix -ary); compare the French tertiaire.

bor

Tertiaries living in places where there is no Church of the Order or of the Third Order can gain all the indulgences they would gain visiting such a church, by visiting their respective parish church, or, where there is no parochial church, by visiting another church or public oratory, and fulfilling the other conditions.

1952, Dominican Tertiaries’ Manual: For the Daily Use of Private and Fraternity Tertiaries of the Third Order of St. Dominic, 1st rev. edition, New York, N.Y.: Third Order of St. Dominic, published 1954, →OCLC, page 362:

Immediately after her arrival in Ferrara, while she was still striving to secure the foundation of her exemplary reformed community of Dominican tertiaries, [Lucia] Brocadelli also renewed her attempts to enhance [Girolamo] Savonarola's saintly reputation.

2008, Tamar Herzig, “The Power of Visions: Lucia Brocadelli and Osanna Andreasi”, in Savonarola’s Women: Visions and Reform in Renaissance Italy, Chicago, Ill.; London: University of Chicago Press; large print edition, Richmond, B.C.: ReadHowYouWant.com Ltd., 2010, page 146

(Roman Catholicism) A member of a Roman Catholic third order; a layperson who participates in activities similar to those engaged in by men and women who take religious vows (respectively the first and second orders), and who may wear some elements of an order's habit such as a scapular.

terziario

Roman Catholicism: member of a third order


purification

en-noun

purification (countable and uncountable, plural purifications)

/ˌpjʊəɹɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

From Old French purificacion, from Latin pūrificātiō.

(Christianity) The pouring of wine into the chalice to rinse it after communion, the wine being then drunk by the priest.


dismissal

dismissal (countable and uncountable, plural dismissals)

From dismiss + -al. A nineteenth-century coinage (modelled on committal etc.), replacing the regular form dismission.

(Christianity) The final blessing said by a priest or minister at the end of a religious service.


jug

Probably from Latin jugum (“yoke, tether”). A folk etymology claims that it is an acronym for "justice under God" or "judgment under God". https://www.ignatius.edu/news/september-2017/jug-em-with-a-jugumhttps://catholicphilly.com/2021/10/news/local-news/local-priest-moves-closer-to-sainthood/

“Take a week’s Jug,” he said, “and keep your nose clean.”

1970, Kenneth H. Brown, The Narrows, New York City: The Deal Press, via Google Books:

I had another role that earned me almost no appreciation at all: I served as the master after classes in the JUG room, where students appeared when they received detention.

2017 June 12, Stephen, N., S.J. Katsouros, Come To Believe: How the Jesuits are Reinventing Education (Again), Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Books, via Google Books, →ISBN, page 27:

In days gone by jugs included the memorization of Shakespeare or the writing out of some well-known document like the Constitution.

2017 September 17, Tom Healey, “Jug 'Em with a Jugum”, in Lessons from Loyola Hall, Cleveland: Saint Ignatius High School, retrieved 2021-11-24:

A common infraction that landed pupils in jug was getting caught using a stairwell that was reserved for use by faculty and other adults.

2018 October 16, Ted Slowik, “Slowik: Reunion reveals changes to high school, people and places in 35 years”, in Chicago Tribune, retrieved 2021-11-24:

In addition to JUGs and disciplinary lectures, spats and hacks, paddles used to smack misbehaving students, often went with receiving a JUG.

2020 March 8, Steele Clevenger, “A Look Back at JUGs”, in The Jesuit Chronicle, Beaverton, Oregon: Jesuit High School, retrieved 2021-11-24:

(US, Roman Catholicism, countable or uncountable) detention (after-school student punishment)


jug

en-verb

jug (third-person singular simple present jugs, present participle jugging, simple past and past participle jugged)

jugs (present singular third-person)
jugging (participle present)
jugged (participle past)
jugged (past)
JUG (alternative)

Students would say they “got JUGged,” meaning they’d been disciplined by a teacher. Most of the time punishment entailed memorizing a passage of a text or an obscure snatch of poetry.

2007 June 19, Julia Flynn Siler, The House of Mondavi: The Rise and Fall of an American Wine Dynasty, New York City: Penguin Group, →ISBN, page 60:

The first time I met Ben was in after-school detention. He’d been jugged for faking his mom’s signature, and I was serving for clapping erasers in the hallway.

2009, Anthony Varallo, This Day in History, Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa Press, via Google Books, →ISBN, page 6:

(US, Roman Catholicism, transitive) to issue a detention (to a student)


archpriest

From Middle English archepreest, archeprest, archiprest, ercheprest, erchepreste; compare Old French archeprestre and Medieval Latin archipresbyter; equivalent to arch- + priest.

(Roman Catholicism) An honorific title applied to a priest who has a specific function.


solemn

en-adj

solemn (comparative solemner or more solemn, superlative solemnest or most solemn)

solemner (comparative)
more solemn (comparative)
solemnest (superlative)
most solemn (superlative)

From Middle English solempne, solemne (“performed with religious ceremony or reverence; devoted to religious observances, sacred; ceremonious, formal; of a vow: made under a religious sanction, binding; religious celebration, celebration of a feast day; famous, well-known; important; grand, imposing; awe-inspiring, impressive; grave, serious; dignified; enunciated or held formally”) [and other forms], from Old French solempne, solemne (“serious, solemn”) [and other forms], or from its etymon Late Latin sōlempnis, sōlennis, from Latin sōlemnis, from sollemnis (“appointed, established, fixed; common, customary, ordinary, ritual, traditional, usual; ceremonial, religious, solemn; festive; annual, yearly”) [and other forms]. The further etymology is uncertain; sollus (“entire, whole”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *solh₂- (“whole”)) + epulum (“banquet, feast”) (in the sense of a ritual; perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (“to eat”)) has been suggested.

nb...

solem, solemp, solempe, solempn, sollempne, solom, solen, solenne, sollen, sollene

(religion, specifically Christianity) Of or pertaining to religious ceremonies and rites; (generally) religious in nature; sacred.

церемониален

of or pertaining to religious ceremonies and rites


validity

en-noun

validity (countable and uncountable, plural validities)

From valid + -ity, borrowed from Middle French validité, from Late Latin validitas.

(Christianity, theology) The genuinity, as distinguished from the efficacity or the regularity, of a sacrament as a result of some formal dispositions being fulfilled.


indulgence

indulgence (countable and uncountable, plural indulgences)

indulgences (plural)
indulgency (alternative dated)

From Middle English indulgence, indulgens, from Middle French indulgence and its source, Latin indulgentia.

To understand how indulgences were intended to work depends on linking together a number of assumptions about sin and the afterlife, each of which individually makes considerable sense.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 555:

(Roman Catholicism) A pardon or release from the expectation of punishment in purgatory, after the sinner has been granted absolution.


indulgence

en-verb

indulgence (third-person singular simple present indulgences, present participle indulgencing, simple past and past participle indulgenced)

indulgences (present singular third-person)
indulgencing (participle present)
indulgenced (participle past)
indulgenced (past)
indulgency (alternative dated)

(transitive, Roman Catholicism) to provide with an indulgence


neophyte

Borrowed from Latin neophytus, from Ancient Greek νεόφυτος (neóphutos, “newly planted”), from νέος (néos, “new”) + φυτόν (phutón, “plant, child”). By surface analysis, neo- + -phyte.

der

(Christianity) Among the early Christians, and still among the Roman Catholics, one who has recently embraced the Christian faith, and been admitted to baptism, especially those converts from heathenism or Judaism.


parish

parishes (plural)
paroch (alternative Scotland obsolete)

From Middle English parisshe, from Old French paroisse (compare the obsolete variant paroch, from Anglo-Norman paroche, parosse), from Late Latin parochia, from Ancient Greek παροικία (paroikía, “a dwelling abroad”).

General American, Mary–marry–merry merger

With some of it on the south and more of it on the north of the great main thoroughfare that connects Aldgate and the East India Docks, St. Bede's at this period of its history was perhaps the poorest and most miserable parish in the East End of London.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter VII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

(Anglicanism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Lutheranism, Roman Catholicism) An administrative part of a diocese that has its own church.

Anglicanism; Eastern Orthodoxy; Anglicanism; Eastern Orthodoxy


establishment

en-noun

establishment (countable and uncountable, plural establishments)

disestablishment

antonym(s) of “institution of a church as state church”

→ Polish: establishment

From Middle English *establishment, stablishment, stablisshement, from Old French establissement (Modern French établissement), from the verb establir. Equivalent to establish + -ment.

Not all Anglicans have supported establishment.

(Christianity) The institution and official status of a church as a state church, especially that of the Church of England and historically of Ireland.


stigma

stigmata (plural)
stigmas (plural)
stigmat (alternative)
stigmate (alternative)
stigme (alternative)

From Latin stigma, from Ancient Greek στίγμα (stígma, “brand”), from στίζω (stízō, “I mark”). Distantly related to stick.

(Christianity, chiefly in the plural stigmata) A mark on the body corresponding to one of the wounds of the Crucifixion on Jesus's body, and sometimes reported to bleed periodically.

съигма

Christianity: mark on the body corresponding to one of the wounds of the Crucifixion on Jesus' body


apophasis

apophasis (countable and uncountable, plural apophases)

Via Late Latin apophasis from Ancient Greek ἀπόφασις (apóphasis, “denial, negation”) from ἀπο- (apo-, “away, from, off”) + φάσις (phásis, “statement, proposition”) from φημί (phēmí, “to speak”) from Proto-Hellenic *pʰā́mā from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂; whence Latin fārī, cognate to fame, fable.

af

(Christianity, philosophy, theology) A process of arriving at knowledge by statements of denial; particularly, developing a concept of God through negative assertions about his nature.


synoptic

en-adj

synoptic (comparative more synoptic, superlative most synoptic)

more synoptic (comparative)
most synoptic (superlative)

From New Latin synopticus, from Ancient Greek συνοπτικός (sunoptikós, “seeing the whole together or at a glance”), from σύνοψις (súnopsis, “a general view, synopsis”), from συν- (sun-, “with”) + ὄψις (ópsis, “view”).

der

(Christianity) Pertaining to the gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke.

synoptinen

Christianity: pertaining to the gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke


epistle

PIE word
 *h₁epi
The noun is derived from Middle English epistel, epistole, pistel (“letter; literary work in letter form; written legend or story; spoken communication; (Christianity) one of the letters by an apostle in the New Testament; extract from such a letter read as part of the Mass”) [and other forms], and then partly:
* from Old English epistol, epistola, pistol (“letter, epistle”), from Latin epistola (“letter, epistle; literary work in letter form”) (whence Late Latin epistola (“one of the letters by an apostle in the New Testament”)), from Ancient Greek ἐπῐστολή (epĭstolḗ, “letter; message”), from ἐπῐστέλλω (epĭstéllō, “to inform by, or to send, a letter or message”) (from ἐπῐ- (epĭ-, prefix meaning ‘on, upon’) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi (“at; near; on”)) + στέλλω (stéllō, “to dispatch, send”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to locate; to place, put”))) + -η (-ē, suffix forming action nouns); and
* from Anglo-Norman epistle, and Middle French epistle, epistele, epistole (“letter; (Christianity) one of the letters by an apostle in the New Testament; extract from such a letter read as part of the Mass”) (modern French épître), from Latin epistola (see above).
The verb is derived from the noun.

nb...

apistile, apistille, epistel, epistelle, epistil, epistille, epistle, epistoll, epistolle, epistyll, epystil, epystle, epystole, epystyl, epystyll, pistil, pistle, postile, (Early Middle English) postole

رِسَالَة

letter, especially one which is formal or issued publicly — see also letter

The Evangiles and Acts, teach us vvhat to beleeve, but the Epiſtles of the Apoſtles vvhat to do.

a. 1632 (date written), John Donne, “To Sr. G. M.”, in John Donne [the Younger], editor, Letters to Severall Persons of Honour: […], London: […] J. Fletcher for Richard Marriot, […], published 1651, →OCLC, page 106:

[T]he Doctrine of Faith, and Myſtery of Salvation, vvas more fully explained, in the Epiſtles vvrit by the Apoſtles.

1695, [John Locke], The Reasonableness of Christianity, as Delivered in the Scriptures, London: […] Awnsham and John Churchil, […], →OCLC, page 190:

Even last century scholars had begun to search for the cities in Asia Minor whose names have become so familiar to the Christian world through the Acts of the Apostles and the Epistles of St. Paul. Where were the places whose inhabitants received the famous Epistle to the Galatians?

1956 November, Werner Keller, “In the Steps of St. Paul”, in William Neil, transl., The Bible as History: Archaeology Confirms the Book of Books, London: Hodder & Stoughton, →OCLC, page 360:

One of the books of the New Testament which was originally a letter issued by an apostle to an individual or a community.

رِسَالَة

one of the books of the New Testament which was originally a letter issued by an apostle

The Collectes ended, the prieſt, or he that is appointed, ſhall reade the Epiſtle, in a place aſſigned for the purpoſe, ſaying. The Epiſtle of ſainct Paule written in the [blank] Chapiter of [blank] to the.

1549 March 7, Thomas Cranmer [et al.], compilers, “The Supper of the Lorde, and the Holy Communion, Commonly Called the Masse”, in The Booke of the Common Prayer and Administration of the Sacramentes, […], London: […] Edowardi Whitchurche […], →OCLC, folio cxxij, verso:

EPISTLER, He vvho reads the Epiſtles in a Cathedral Church, &c.

1721, N[athan] Bailey, “EPISTLER”, in An Universal Etymological English Dictionary: […], London: […] E. Bell, J. Darby, […], →OCLC, column 2:

An extract from a New Testament epistle (sense 3.1) or book other than a gospel which is read during a church service, chiefly the Eucharist.

epistola

extract from a New Testament epistle or book other than a gospel which is read during a church service


homily

From Middle English omelī, omelīe, omelye, from Old French omelie and directly from Late Latin homīlia (“homily”), from Ancient Greek ὁμιλία (homilía, “homily; instruction”), from ὅμῑλος (hómīlos, “crowd, throng”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā, suffix forming abstract feminine nouns). ὅμῑλος is derived from ὁμός (homós, “common; same”) + ῑ̓́λη (ī́lē, “crowd”) (from εἴλω (eílō, “to aggregate”)).

O moſt gentle Iupiter! What tedious homilie of Loue haue you wearied your pariſhioners withall, and neuer cri'de, haue patience good people.

c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 196, column 1:

But to return to the Homily on St. Gregory. It is printed from a Tranſcript I had made of it from one made by Dr. Hopkins, I believe, out of the Cottonian Book, Vitellius D. 17. […] The Homily is one of thoſe which were prepared by Ælfrick, to be uſed in the Engliſh Saxon Church: […]

1709, [Ælfric of Eynsham], Eliz[abeth] Elstob, “The Preface”, in An English-Saxon Homily on the Birth-day of St. Gregory: […], London: Printed by W[illiam] Bowyer, →OCLC, page lvi:

[W]e must pay attention not only to the rich tradition of the homily in the early Church and the retrieval of this preaching form by Vatican II but also to the evolving understandings of the homily from those who have tried to respond to the changing cultural patterns, pastoral needs, and theological trends of the day.

1998, Robert P. Waznak, “From Sermon to Homily”, in An Introduction to the Homily, Collegeville, Minn.: The Liturgical Press, →ISBN, page 16:

[W]hen one approaches Origen's homilies, this aspect of the work of the priest must be kept in mind. The purpose of his sermons was to instruct and to lead beginners in the faith to a higher level of understanding and maturity.

1990, Origen, “Introduction”, in Gary Wayne Barkley, transl., Origen: Homilies on Leviticus 1–16 (The Fathers o the Church; 83), Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, →ISBN, page 4:

(Christianity) A sermon, especially concerning a practical matter.


charisma

en-noun

charisma (usually uncountable, plural charismas or charismata)

From Ancient Greek χᾰ́ρῐσμᾰ (khắrĭsmă, “grace, favour, gift”), from χᾰρῐ́ζομαι (khărĭ́zomai, “I show favor”), from χᾰ́ρῐς (khắrĭs, “grace”), from χαίρω (khaírō, “I am happy”). Doublet of charism. First attested in 1875.
Outside of theology, as early as 1930, charisma was found in a translation of a book written by German sociologist Max Weber, which OED and Etymonline regards as a semantic loan from German Charisma, denoting the special ability of certain leaders to inspire devotion (sense 1). By the 1940s and more clearly in the 1950s, the term was used more loosely to refer to personal charm in general (sense 1.1).

uder

(Christianity, theology) A gift or power bestowed upon a person by the Holy Spirit; a grace.


ciborium

/sɪˈbɔəɹɪəm/

From Medieval Latin cibōrium (“drinking-cup”), from Ancient Greek κιβώριον (kibṓrion, “the Egyptian water-lily’s cupulate seed pod”, or “a drinking-cup fashioned therefrom”).

der

Michael came after her, solemnly bearing the teapot like a ciborium.

(Christianity) A covered receptacle for holding the consecrated wafers of the Eucharist.


reduction

en-noun

reduction (countable and uncountable, plural reductions)

From Middle English reduccion, a borrowing from Old French reducion, from Latin reductiō, reductiōnem.

Spanish reductions in Mexico were common during the 18th century.

(historical, Roman Catholicism) A religious settlement created during a mission by Spanish or Portuguese colonists with the intent of evangelizing Christianity to the local population.


hamartia

hamartia (usually uncountable, plural hamartias)

/ˌhæˌmɑɹˈtiː.ə/

/ˌhɑːˌmɑɹˈtiː.ə/

From Ancient Greek ἁμαρτία (hamartía, “tragic failure, sinful nature”), from the verb ἁμαρτάνω (hamartánō, “to miss the mark”).

der

As a consequence of the primeval peripety, the Adamic fall narrated in Genesis 3, they have all inherited the catastrophic and tragic hamartia, as it were, of original sin, the engrained powerlessness of the soul to will the good, much less to do it, along with the deep disorientation of the soul's root desire.

2020, Paul M. Blowers, Visions and Faces of the Tragic […] , Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 127:


Easter

en-noun

Easter (countable and uncountable, plural Easters)

→ Chickasaw: Iista'

The noun is derived from Middle English Ester, from Old English ēastre, seemingly from Ēastre, a proposed Anglo-Saxon goddess of the dawn whose festival is thought to have been celebrated around the vernal equinox. Further from Proto-West Germanic *Austrā, from Proto-Germanic *Austrǭ, derived from either Proto-Indo-European *h₂ews- (“dawn; east”) or, more semantically plausible, from *austrą, *auzrą, a metathesized form of *wazrą (“spring (season)”), *-ǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *wósr̥ (“spring”).
The English word is cognate with German Low German Oostern (“Easter”), Old High German ōstarūn (modern German Ostern) and is possibly a doublet of east. Despite a modern folk etymology, not related to Ishtar.
The verb is derived from the noun.

der

We spent each of the past five Easters together as a family.

During the Easter season, the Russians are planning “a great battle in Donbas,” the Russian-occupied region in Ukraine’s far east. “This is not Christian behavior at all, as I understand it. On Easter they will kill, and they will be killed.”

2022 April 15, Anne Applebaum, Jeffrey Goldberg, quoting Volodymyr Zelensky, “LIBERATION WITHOUT VICTORY”, in The Atlantic, archived from the original on 2022-04-15:

Western Christianity
Western Christianity

Eastern Christianity
Eastern Christianity

Eastern Orthodox Church
Eastern Orthodox Church

A Christian feast commemorating the resurrection of Jesus Christ. It is celebrated on the first Sunday (and Monday) following the full moon that occurs on or next after the vernal equinox, ranging in most of Western Christianity (such as Protestantism and Roman Catholicism) from March 22 to April 25, and in Eastern Christianity (such as the Coptic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church) from April 4 to May 8.

Paasfees

Jesus Daaztsą́ą́dę́ę́ʼ Náádiidzáhígíí Bééhániih

Eastertide (“the period from Easter to Whitsun”).

(specifically, Roman Catholicism, dated, now chiefly figuratively) Usually preceded by an inflection of make: the act of receiving the Eucharist during Easter.


lectionary

(Christianity, Judaism) A book or listing that contains a collection of scripture readings appointed for Christian or Jewish worship on a given day or occasion.


viaticum

From Latin viāticum (“travelling-money, provisions for a journey”), from viāticus (“of a road or journey”), from via (“road”). Doublet of voyage.

[…]from Anglo-Saxon times there had been a deep conviction that to receive the viaticum was a virtual death sentence which would make subsequent recovery impossible.

1971, Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic (nonfiction), Folio Society; republished as Religion and the Decline of Magic: Studies in Popular Beliefs in Sixteenth and Seventeenth-Century England, Penguin Books, 2003, →ISBN, page 37:

(especially Catholicism) The Eucharist, when given to a person who is dying or one in danger of death.


suffrage

en-noun

suffrage (usually uncountable, plural suffrages)

From Middle English suffrage (“prayers or pleas on behalf of another”), from Old French, from Medieval Latin suffragium, from Latin suffragium (“support, vote, right of voting”). The sense of "vote" or "right to vote" was directly derived from classical Latin.

der

1564, Pope Pius IV (unknown translator), Creed of Pope Pius IV
I firmly believe that there is a purgatory, and that the souls therein detained are helped by the suffrages of the faithful.

As these holy prayers and suffrages following are set forth of most godly zeal for edifying and stirring of devotion of all true faithful Christian hearts […]

1969, G. J. Cuming, A history of Anglican liturgy:

In explaining and defending suffrages for the dead, Catholic argument repeatedly involved the assumption of the importance of time.

2006, John E. Curran, Hamlet, Protestantism, and the Mourning of Contingency: Not to Be, page 86:

(countable, Christianity) A prayer, for example a prayer offered for the faithful dead.

Lastly, in this suffrage, we intercede for prisoners and captives; we "remember them that are in bonds, as bound with them."

1904, John Newton McCormick, The litany and the life: a series of studies in the litany ..., page 222:

(countable, Christianity) A short petition, as those after the creed in matins and evensong.


on high

From Middle English on heigh, on an heigh (“in or into heaven; up to heaven”) [and other forms], from Old English on hēagum (“on high”); hēagum is an inflected form of hēah (“high; tall”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kewk- (“height; to elevate”). The English word is equivalent to on + high. Compare Dutch omhoog (“upwards, on high”), West Frisian omheech (“upwards”).

inh

Who is like vnto the Lord our God: who dwelleth on high: […]

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms 113:5, column 1:

The trumpet ſhall be heard on high, / The dead ſhall live, the living die, / And Muſic ſhall untune the ſky.

1687, John Dryden, “A Song for St. Cecilia’s Day, 1687”, in The Miscellaneous Works of John Dryden, […], volume II, London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson, […], published 1760, →OCLC, page 271:

(specifically, chiefly Christianity, literary) Up in, or to, Heaven.


dragoon

en-verb

dragoon (third-person singular simple present dragoons, present participle dragooning, simple past and past participle dragooned)

dragoons (present singular third-person)
dragooning (participle present)
dragooned (participle past)
dragooned (past)

Battle of Cerro Gordo
Battle of Jena–Auerstedt
Mexican–American War
Smithsonian Institution
Édouard Detaille

The noun is borrowed from French dragon (“dragon (mythological creature); type of cavalry soldier, dragoon”) (originally referring to a soldier armed with the firearm of the same name (sense 1.1)), ultimately from Latin dracō (“dragon; kind of serpent or snake”), from Ancient Greek δρᾰ́κων (drắkōn, “dragon; serpent”), possibly from δέρκομαι (dérkomai, “to see, see clearly (in the sense of something staring)”), from Proto-Indo-European *derḱ- (“to see”)). Doublet of Draco, dracone, and dragon.
The verb is either derived:
* from the noun; or
* from French dragonner (“to force (someone) into doing something, coerce; to torment (oneself)”), from dragon (noun) (see above) + -er (suffix forming infinitives of first-conjugation verbs).

ref

From the collection of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., United States.

From the collection of the Musée de l'Armée (Army Museum) in Paris, France.

der

She [Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, marquise de Sévigné] appears to have exulted in the extirpation of protestantism in Provence, by the power of her son-in-law, count de Gregnan [i.e., François Adhémar de Monteil, Comte de Grignan]; she even speaks with levity of the sufferings of the huguenots, dragooned into the bosom of the true church.

1803, Mary Hays, “The Marchioness de Sevigne”, in Female Biography; or, Memoirs of Illustrious and Celebrated Women, of All Ages and Countries. […], volume VI, London: […] Richard Phillips, […] by Thomas Davison, […], →OCLC, page 401:

This was the pious lady [Ninon de l’Enclos] who, in after times, expiated the faults of her youth by dragooning Huguenots into Catholics.

1845 June, “Art. V.—Lives of Men of Letters and Science who Flourished in the Time of George III. By Henry Lord Brougham. Knight and Co. [book review]”, in The Westminster Review, American edition, volume XLIII, number LXXXV, New York, N.Y.: Leonard Scott & Co., […], →OCLC, footnote *, page 191, column 1:

(Christianity, French politics, historical) To subject (a Huguenot) to the dragonnades (“a policy instituted by Louis XIV of France in 1681 to intimidate Protestant Huguenots to convert to Roman Catholicism by billeting dragoons (noun sense 1.2) in their homes to abuse them and destroy or steal their possessions”).

antaa dragonnadeille

to subject (a Huguenot) to the dragonnades


extreme unction

From extreme (“to limit, final”) + unction (“anointing”).

compound

Anointing of the Sick
Anointing of the Sick

(Christianity) The Catholic sacrament of Anointing of the Sick.


supernumerary

From Late Latin supernumerarius (“extra soldier added to a legion; supernumerary”), from super (“above; beyond”) + numerus (“number; collection, quantity”) + -ārius (suffix forming adjectives from nouns or numerals). The word is analysable as super- + numeral + -ary.

refn

From Joseph C. Hughes (1897 September) “Supernumerary Finger Growing from First Metacarpal Bone”, in James Moores Ball, editor, Tri-State Medical Journal and Practitioner, volume IV, number 9, St. Louis, Mo.: [s.n.] 3509 Franklin Avenue, →OCLC, figure 2, page 436.

bor

“Supernumeraries”, the bulk of Opus Dei members, can marry and live in their own homes, with slightly fewer spiritual obligations.

2024 March 16, Antonia Cundy, “The Opus Dei diaries”, in FT Weekend, page 17:

(Roman Catholicism) A married man or woman who is a secular member of Opus Dei, a Roman Catholic religious institution.


oration

Borrowed from Latin ōrātiō, ōrātiōnem, from ōrō (“I orate”) + -ātiō (“action (nominalizer)”). Cognate with and doublet of orison.

(Catholicism) A specific form of short, solemn prayer said by the president of the liturgical celebration on behalf of the people.


ordination

en-noun

ordination (countable and uncountable, plural ordinations)

From Middle French ordination, from Old French ordinacion, from Latin ordinatio.

(Christianity) The ceremony in which a priest is consecrated, considered a sacrament in the Catholic and Orthodox churches.


betroth

en-verb

betroth (third-person singular simple present betroths, present participle betrothing, simple past betrothed, past participle betrothed or betrothen)

betroths (present singular third-person)
betrothing (participle present)
betrothed (past)
betrothed (participle past)
betrothen (participle past)
betroth (infinitive)
betroth (first-person present singular)
betrothed (first-person past singular)
betroth (present second-person singular)
betrothest (archaic present second-person singular)
betrothed (past second-person singular)
betrothedst (archaic past second-person singular)
betroths (present singular third-person)
betrotheth (archaic present singular third-person)
betrothed (past singular third-person)
betroth (plural present)
betrothed (past plural)
betroth (present subjunctive)
betrothed (past subjunctive)
betroth (imperative present)
betrothing (participle present)
betrothed (participle past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-betroth.wav

From Middle English bitrouthen, bitreuthen (“of a man: to pledge to marry; to give (a woman) in marriage, arrange the marriage of”), from bi- (prefix forming transitive verbs from nouns) + trouth, treuthe (“faithfulness, fidelity, specifically marital fidelity; promise, undertaking, specifically a promise of marriage; truth; etc.”) (from Old English trīewþ, trēowþ (“fidelity; good faith, honour; assurance of good faith, covenant, troth; truth”), from Proto-Germanic *triwwiþō (“contract; promise”), from Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree; hence, firm, hard; faithful, true”)), possibly modelled after Old English trēowsian (“to pledge oneself; to prove oneself to be true”)). By surface analysis, be- + troth.

m+

And I [God] will betroth thee [his people] vnto me foreuer; yea, I will betroth thee vnto me in righteouſneſſe, and in iudgement, and in louing kindneſſe, and in mercies. I will euen betroth thee vnto me in faithfulneſſe, and thou ſhalt know the Lord.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Hosea 2:19–20, signature Eeee3, verso, column 2:

(Christianity, archaic) Of God: to enter into a relationship with (believers, or the church as a whole); also, of a priest: to pledge (himself) to the church prior to being consecrated as a bishop.

lupautua

of God: to enter into a relationship with (believers, or the church as a whole)


patron saint

When Aimé Humbert joined Josephine in Paris, he visited the Inspector of Police, and was so depressed by his meeting that she sent him to the Louvre ‘to look at the wonderful painting of St Marguerite, the patron saint of purity, trampling down the hideous dragon and looking so calm and peaceful’.

2014, Helen Mathers, Patron Saint of Prostitutes: Josephine Butler and a Victorian Scandal, History Press, →ISBN:

My patron saint, St. John of Shanghai and San Francisco—also known as “St. John the Wonderworker”—is particularly noteworthy in this regard […]

2016 July 8, Wesley J. Smith, “St. John the Wonderworker”, in First Things:

Entering the tunnel, we pass a small shrine above our heads which contains a statue of St Barbara, the patron saint of tunnellers. It is traditional to have such shrines on every tunnel site.

2022 March 23, Paul Bigland, “HS2 is just 'passing through'”, in RAIL, number 953, page 41:

(Christianity) A saint conceived as the patron (protector or supporter) of a particular place, group, person, or activity, for whom or for which his or her intercession is specially invoked.

主保聖人 /主保圣人

saint from whom a specific group claims special protection or prayer


Opus Dei

From Latin opus deī (literally “work of god”).

bor

Prevost moved up the ranks of the local church whose bishops were split between leftists, heavily influenced by Latin America's liberation theology, and arch-conservatives with close ties to Opus Dei.

2025 May 10, “Chicagoan pope not afraid of speaking truth to power in US”, in FT Weekend, page 3:

(Roman Catholicism) The Prelature of the Holy Cross and Opus Dei, a Roman Catholic organization composed of a prelate, secular clergy and lay people, whose mission is to spread the Catholic teaching that everyone is called to become a saint; its lay members, men and women, engage in the affairs of the world and seek to direct them "according to God's will".


watcher

From Middle English wacchere, wachere, wacher, equivalent to watch + -er.

the Book of Watchers

(chiefly historical, Judaism, Christianity) A kind of angel appointed to watch over the human realm, in particular one of those who became fallen angels and begot the Nephilim.


comprehension

en-noun

comprehension (countable and uncountable, plural comprehensions)

/ˌkɒmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/

/ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/

Borrowed from Middle French compréhension, from Latin comprehensiō (“taking together”), from com- (“with, together”) + prehendō (“take”).

af

(Christianity) The inclusion of nonconformists within the Church of England.


presidential

en-adj

presidential (comparative more presidential, superlative most presidential)

more presidential (comparative)
most presidential (superlative)
Presidential (alternative)

These prayers are addressed to God in the name of the entire holy people and all present, by the priest who presides over the assembly in the person of Christ. It is with good reason, therefore, that they are called the "presidential prayers."

2002, General Instruction of the Roman Missal, International Committee on English in the Liturgy, Inc., §30

(Roman Catholicism) (of prayers) addressed to God on behalf of the congregation by the presiding priest


memorial

From Late Latin memoriale, neuter of memorialis. By surface analysis, memory + -ial.

(chiefly Christianity) A service of remembrance or commemoration.


lunette

Unadapted borrowing from French lunette, diminutive of lune (“moon”).

On those occasions when lunettes, custodia and monstrances are used, the sacristan needs to be sure that the lunette fits into the given monstrance, that the host fits into the lunette, and that the host is put out before Mass for consecration.

2001, David Philippart, Basket, Basin, Plate, and Cup: Vessels in the Liturgy, page 33:

(Christianity) A luna: a crescent-shaped receptacle, often glass, for holding the (consecrated) host (the bread of communion) upright when exposed in the monstrance.

Lunula

Christianity: crescent-shaped clip for holding the host upright


concupiscence

en-noun

concupiscence (countable and uncountable, plural concupiscences)

From Latin concupiscentia, from concupīscō (“I desire strongly, I desire eagerly; I covet”).

[“]Since concupiscence is the most common form of temptation, it is better for him to know something about it. The soul cannot be humbled by fasts and prayer; it must be broken by mortal sin to experience forgiveness of sin and rise to a state of grace. Otherwise, religion is nothing but dead logic.”

1927, Willa Cather, Death Comes for the Archbishop, Book V, section 1, page 147:

(Roman Catholicism) the desire of a person's lower appetite, contrary to reason, which subjugates and inclines them to experience temptation and to give in to sin, due to the Fall and original sin.


limbo

limbo (countable and uncountable, plural limbos or limboes)

limbos (plural)
limboes (plural)
Limbo (alternative)

The noun is derived from Middle English limbo, lymbo (“place where innocent souls exist temporarily until they can enter heaven”), from Latin limbō, the ablative singular of limbus (“border, edge; hem; fringe, tassel”) (notably in expressions like in limbō (“in limbo”) and e limbō (“out of limbo”)); further etymology uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *lemb- (“to hang limply or loosely”), from Proto-Indo-European *leb- (“to hang down loosely (?)”). Doublet of limp.
The verb is derived from the noun.

der

Of vvhat texte thou proveſt hell / vvill a nother prove purgatory / a nother lymbo patrum / and a nother the aſſumpcion of oure ladi: And a nother ſhall prove of the ſame texte that an Ape hath a tayle.

1528 October 12 (Gregorian calendar), William Tyndale, “William Tyndale other wise Called William Hychins vnto the Reader”, in The Obediẽce of a Christen Man […], [Antwerp]: [Johannes Hoochstraten], →OCLC, folio xix, recto:

Oh vvhat a ſimpathie of vvoe is this, / As farre from helpe, as Lymbo is from bliſſe.

c. 1588–1593 (date written), [William Shakespeare], The Most Lamentable Romaine Tragedie of Titus Andronicus: […] (First Quarto), London: […] Iohn Danter, and are to be sold by Edward White & Thomas Millington, […], published 1594, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i], signature F, recto:

VVith all our heart, fare-vvell, fare-vvell, / I am freed from Lymbo, to be ſent to hell.

1605, [Thomas Heywood], If You Know Not Me, You Know No Bodie: Or, The Troubles of Queene Elizabeth, London: […] [Thomas Purfoot] for Nathaniel Butter, published 1606, →OCLC, signature D2, recto:

And they who have multiplied hells unto us, and made more hells than God hath made, more by their two limboes, (one for fathers, another for children) and one purgatory, have yet made their new hells more of the nature of heaven than of hell.

1626 November 15 (date delivered; Gregorian calendar), John Donne, “The Third of My Prebend Sermons upon My Five Psalms. Sermon LXVII. Preached at St. Paul’s, November 5, 1626.”, in Henry Alford, editor, The Works of John Donne, D.D., […], volume III, London: John W[illiam] Parker, […], published 1839, →OCLC, page 183:

Limbo, or more exactly the notion of two different limbos within Christendom, was also an invention. Many medieval Christians had difficulty accepting the idea of eternal punishment meted out to two categories of persons who, on strictly technical grounds, were "outside" the Church and otherwise quite beyond the pale. The first category embraced wise and just people who died before the coming of Christ, and the second included all infants born within Christendom but, unfortunately, unbaptized at the time of their death.

1992, William R. LaFleur, “Jizō at the Crosswords”, in Liquid Life: Abortion and Buddhism in Japan, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, →ISBN, part 1 (Original Concepts), page 57:

(Roman Catholicism, uncountable) A speculation, thought possibly to be on the edge of the bottomless pit of Hell, where the souls of innocent deceased people might exist temporarily until they can enter heaven, specifically those of the saints who died before the advent of Jesus Christ (who occupy the limbo patrum or limbo of the patriarchs or fathers) and those of unbaptized infants (who occupy the limbo infantum or limbo of the infants); (countable) the possible place where each category of souls might exist, regarded separately.

քավարան

place where the souls of innocent deceased people exist temporarily until they can enter heaven


sinner

From Middle English synnere, equivalent to sin + -er. Compare Saterland Frisian Säänder (“sinner”), West Frisian sûnder (“sinner”), Dutch zondaar (“sinner”), German Low German Sünder, Sünner (“sinner”), German Sünder (“sinner”), Danish synder (“sinner”), Swedish syndare (“sinner”), Icelandic syndari (“sinner”).

whiro

(figuratively, by extension) A person with negative qualities

(Christianity, doctrinal) An unregenerate person.

A person who sins or has sinned.
An unregenerate person.


gradual

graduals (plural)
graduall (alternative)

/ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəl/

From Medieval Latin graduālis, from Latin gradus (“step”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰradʰ-, *gʰredʰ- (“to walk, go”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌹𐌸𐍃 (griþs, “step, grade”), Bavarian Gritt (“step, stride”).

(Christianity) An antiphon or responsory after the epistle, in the Mass, which was sung on the steps, or while the deacon ascended the steps.

(Christianity) A service book containing the musical portions of the Mass.


verger

-ɜː(ɹ)dʒə(ɹ)

"We have often seen each other," said Little Dorrit, recognising the sexton, or the beadle, or the verger, or whatever he was, "when I have been at church here."

1855 December – 1857 June, Charles Dickens, “Litle Dorrit’s Party”, in Little Dorrit, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1857, →OCLC, book the first (Poverty), page 128:

As soon as we were all in the night the verger rolled shut the doors and blotted out the chandeliers.

1942, Emily Carr, “The Blessing”, in The Book of Small, Toronto, Ont.: Oxford University Press, →OCLC:

(chiefly UK, Ireland, Christianity) A lay person who takes care of the interior of a church and acts as an attendant during services, where he or she carries the verge (or virge). In the United States, the office is generally combined with that of sexton.

(chiefly UK, Ireland, Commonwealth, Christianity) An usher; also, in major ecclesiastical landmarks, a tour guide.


vespers

From Middle English vespers, from Old French vespres (French vêpres), from Ecclesiastical Latin vesperae (“vespers”), substantivisation of relational Late Latin vesperus (“evening”), from vesper (“evening”) + -us.
Euphemistic use first as Vèpres éphésiennes (“Ephesian Vespers”), coined in 1890 by historian Théodore Reinach by analogy with the Sicilian Vespers.

(Christianity, plural only) The sixth of the seven canonical hours, an evening prayer service


maudlin

From Middle English Maudelen, a dialectal form of Mary Magdalene (typically depicted weeping), from Old French Madelaine (whence Madeleine), from Late Latin Magdalena (see Magdalena, Magdalene, and Maudlin).

for alle they worſchipden hir ſouereynly / as worthy was / but ſpecially Mawdelayne / that wolde neuere departe fro hir.

c. 1400, Nicholas Love, transl., The Mirror of the Blessed Life of Jesus Christ:

(obsolete, Christianity) The Magdalene; Mary Magdalene.


Arminianist

(Christianity) A member of the Protestant denomination founded by Jacobus Arminius.

(Christianity) One who subscribes to the beliefs of the Arminian Church.


provision

en-noun

provision (countable and uncountable, plural provisions)

/pɹəˈvɪʒ.ən/

From Middle English provisioun, from Old French provisïon, from Latin prōvīsiō (“preparation, foresight”), from prōvidēre (“provide”).

der

(Roman Catholicism) Regular induction into a benefice, comprehending nomination, collation, and installation.


goodness

en-noun

goodness (countable and uncountable, plural goodnesses)

From Middle English goodnesse, godnesse, from Old English gōdnes (“goodness; virtue; kindness”), from Proto-West Germanic *gōdnassī (“goodness”), equivalent to good + -ness. Cognate with Scots guidness (“goodness”), West Frisian goedens (“goodness”), Old High German guotnessī (“goodness”), Middle High German guotnisse (“goodness”), Russian годность (godnostʹ, “suitability, fitness”).

cog

But the fruit of the ſpirit is loue, ioy, peace, long ſuffering, gentleneſſe, goodneſſe, faith, / Meekeneſſe, temperance: againſt ſuch there is no law.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Galatians 5:22–23, column 2:

(Christianity) The moral qualities which constitute Christian excellence; moral virtue.


retain

en-verb

retain (third-person singular simple present retains, present participle retaining, simple past and past participle retained)

retains (present singular third-person)
retaining (participle present)
retained (participle past)
retained (past)
retain (infinitive)
retain (first-person present singular)
retained (first-person past singular)
retain (present second-person singular)
retainest (archaic present second-person singular)
retained (past second-person singular)
retainedst (archaic past second-person singular)
retains (present singular third-person)
retaineth (archaic present singular third-person)
retained (past singular third-person)
retain (plural present)
retained (past plural)
retain (present subjunctive)
retained (past subjunctive)
retain (imperative present)
retaining (participle present)
retained (participle past)

From Late Middle English reteinen, retein (“to continue to keep, retain; to continue to possess; to possess; to contain; to draw back, retire; to hold back, restrain; to keep in mind, remember; to take back, repossess; to appoint; to engage in one’s service, employ, hire”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman reteiner, retenir [and other forms], Middle French retenir, and Old French retenir (“to keep back, retain; to keep, maintain, preserve; to possess; to engage in one’s service, employ; to detain; to hold back, restrain; to remember”) (modern French retenir), from Vulgar Latin *retinīre, from Latin retinēre, the present active infinitive of retineō (“to keep or hold back, detain, retain; to hold in check, stop; to hold fast, maintain; to keep in mind, remember”) (compare Late Latin retineō (“to keep engaged in one’s service”)), from re- (prefix meaning ‘again’) + teneō (“to grasp, hold; to hold fast, restrain; to possess; to keep in mind, remember”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to extend, stretch”)).
Sense 1.10 (“to declare (a sin) not forgiven”) is derived from John 20:23 in the Bible, in Late Latin quorum retinueritis, retenta sunt, and in Koine Greek ἄν τινων κρατῆτε, κεκράτηνται: see the 1526 quotation.
Cognates
* Catalan retenir
* Italian retenere (obsolete), ritenere
* Portuguese reter
* Spanish retener

nb...

retainen, retayne, reteign, reteigne, reteine, retene, retenne, reteyene, reteygn, reteygne, reteyign, reteyn, reteyne, retine

restenir, reteigner, reteingner, retener, retenier, retiner

lang

ἄν τινων κρατῆτε, κεκράτηνται

ἄν τινων κρατῆτε, κεκράτηνται

أَبْقَى

to keep (something) in control or possession; to continue having (something)

pidättää

of a body or body organ: to hold back tissue or a substance

Receave the holy gooſt: whoſoevers ſynnes ye remyt⸝ they are remitted vnto them: And whoſoevers ſynnes ye retayne⸝ they are retayned.

1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, John xx:[23], folio clj, verso:

I vvill ſo remit vvrongs, as I may not encourage others to offer them; and ſo retaine them, as I may not induce God to retaine mine to him.

1605, Jos[eph] Hall, “Paragraph 98”, in Meditations and Vowes, Diuine and Morall. […], London: […] Humfrey Lownes, for Iohn Porter, →OCLC, 1st book, page 27:

Excommunication therefore had its effect onely upon thoſe, that beleeved that Jeſus Chriſt vvas to come again in Glory, to reign over, and to judge both the quick, and the dead, and ſhould therefore refuſe entrance into his Kingdom, to thoſe vvhoſe Sins vvere Retained; that is, to thoſe that vvere Excommunicated by the Church.

1651, Thomas Hobbes, “Of the Office of Our Blessed Saviour”, in Leviathan, or The Matter, Forme, & Power of a Common-wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civill, London: […] [William Wilson] for Andrew Crooke, […], →OCLC, 3rd part (Of a Christian Common-wealth), page 277:

(Christianity) To declare (a sin) not forgiven.


repose

en-noun

repose (countable and uncountable, plural reposes)

Berthe Morisot
Rhode Island School of Design Museum
Édouard Manet

The verb is derived from Middle English reposen (“to rest”), from Anglo-Norman reposer, reposir, and Middle French reposer, from Old French reposer, repauser (“to become calm; to be peaceful; to rest; to be immobile; to lie or be placed; to cease, stop; to neglect”) (modern French reposer), from Latin repausāre, the present active infinitive of repausō (“(Late Latin) to be at rest; to lie down, rest; to sleep; to calm, pacify; (Latin) to halt temporarily, pause”), from re- (prefix meaning ‘again; back, backwards’) + pausō (“to cease, halt; to pause”) (from pausa (“a halt, stop; a pause; an end”), from Ancient Greek παῦσῐς (paûsĭs, “ceasing, stopping”), from παύω (paúō, “to cease; to make to cease, stop; to bring to an end; to hinder”) (further etymology uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“few, little; smallness”)) + -σῐς (-sĭs, suffix forming abstract nouns or nouns of action, process, or result)).
The noun is derived from Late Middle English repose, from Anglo-Norman repous, repos, and Middle French repos, repose, from Old French repos (“calm; rest; period or state of sleep; state of immobility; state of inaction”) (modern French repos), from reposer, repauser (verb) (see above).
Noun sense 12.3 (“technique of including in a painting an area or areas which are dark, indistinct, or soft in tone”) is borrowed from French repos.
Cognates
Catalan reposar (verb), repòs (noun)
Italian riposare (verb), riposo (noun)
Old Occitan repausar, repauzar (verb), repaus (noun)
Portuguese repousar (verb), repouso (noun)
Spanish reposar (verb), reposo (noun)

ref

From the collection of the Rhode Island School of Design Museum, Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A.

col

Cognates

հանգիստ

temporary cessation from activity to rest and recover, especially in the form of sleep; an instance of this — see also break, rest

lepo

of the face, a muscle, etc.: state of being relaxed and not in tension

(uncountable) Temporary cessation from activity to rest and recover, especially in the form of sleep; rest; (countable) an instance of this; a break, a rest; a sleep.

(uncountable) Of the Virgin Mary: death; also assumption into heaven.

(countable, Eastern Orthodoxy) The festival honouring the assumption of the Virgin Mary into heaven, celebrated on August 15.


unconfirmed

In the ecumenical world a cry is heard for the admission of unconfirmed children to communion...

2001, Erwin Fahlbusch, Geoffrey William Bromiley, The encyclopedia of Christianity, Volume 2:

(Christianity) Not having undergone the ritual of confirmation.


saved

The second servant, however, was not only not "saved." She could not even be classified as "questing." She was an Anglican who was in the household from charity, having been deserted by her navvy husband and been denied Poor Relief by two parishes, each of whom claimed she was the other's responsibility.

(Christianity) Rescued from the consequences of sin.


Lady Bountiful

en-noun

Lady Bountiful (plural Lady Bountifuls or Ladies Bountiful)

Lady Bountifuls (plural)
Ladies Bountiful (plural)
lady bountiful (alternative)

* From a character in the 18th century play The Beaux' Stratagem by George Farquhar


pietism

pietism (countable and uncountable, plural pietisms)

From its earliest days, Pietism was intimately bound up with education.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 739:

(Christianity, often capitalized) A movement in the Lutheran church in the late 17th and 18th centuries, calling for practical and devout Christianity.


DCL

DCL (countable and uncountable, plural DCLs)

Doctor of Canon Law
Doctor of Canon Law#English

(Catholicism, education) Initialism of Doctor of Canon Law and alternative form of JCD (“Juris Canonici Doctor”).


provincial

From Middle English provincial, from Old French provincial, from Latin prōvinciālis (“of a province”), equivalent to province + -ial.

The Franciscan provincial Diego de Landa set up a local Inquisition which unleashed a campaign of interrogation and torture on the Indio population.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 700:

(Roman Catholicism) A monastic superior, who, under the general of his order, has the direction of all the religious houses of the same fraternity in a given district, called a province of the order.

архиепископ

monastic superior who directs a province of an order


ordo

Borrowed from Latin ōrdō. Doublet of order.

(Roman Catholicism) A calendar which prescribes the Mass and office which is to be celebrated each day.


IHS

(Christianity) Monogram of ΙΗϹΟYϹ (IĒSOYS), the Greek form of Jesus.


Jesus freak

The phrase originally was applied to those involved in the Jesus movement of the late 1960s and early 1970s, within the context of the freak scene of that era. This usage was seen as pejorative by outsiders and led to the derogatory use. However, some Christians now consider it a reclaimed word, as Christians, especially Christian youth, occasionally use it today as a positive term to let others know that they are not ashamed of their belief in Jesus.

What will people say when they hear that I'm a Jesus freak?
 What will people do when they find out it's true?
 I don't really care if they label me a Jesus freak.
 There ain't no disguisin' the truth.

1995, “Jesus Freak”, TobyMac (lyrics), performed by dc Talk:

(Christianity, slang) An enthusiastic Christian.


Saint George

Saint George
Saint George (disambiguation)

The parishes are named after Saint George (d. 303).

Alternative forms: St George, St. George

(Christianity) Patron saint of England and several other places; legendary killer of a dragon.

Sint Joris

patron saint of England and several other places


publisher

(Christianity) A preacher who is a Jehovah's Witness.


prelapsarian

From pre- + Latin lapsus (“fall”) + -arian.

It is the prelapsarian Polynesia of free love, noble savagery, Kon Tiki rafting and Easter Island statuary, not the Levi’s-wearing, Toyota-driving, pédalo-pushing, efflorescent-cocktails-in-a-split-coconut-serving pseudo-paradise that awaits latter-day travellers.

2001, Stephen Brown, Marketing – the Retro Revolution, London: SAGE Publications, →ISBN, page 139:

Ideally, individual stories and God's plan share the same final goal, namely, returning to a prelapsarian state of perfect communication with God.

2004, Janet Bertsch, Storytelling in the works of Bunyan, Grimmelshausen, Defoe, and Schnabel, page 4:

Can you really turn a few keyboards outside London's landmarks into the equivalent of a pub honky-tonk for a good old knees-up; a 50s living room where the family would gather around the piano every evening, in some prelapsarian vision of the olden days […]?

Conservative think-tanks have the same dream of return to a prelapsarian innocence.

2010 September 23, “The perils of constitution-worship”, in The Economist:

(Judaism, Christianity) Of, or relating to the period of innocence before the Fall of man; innocent, unspoiled.


churchward

A contraction of churchwarden, in turn from Old English cyrce + weard a "churchwarden" or "sacristan".

(Christianity) Obsolete spelling of churchwarden.


NAS

New American Standard
w:New American Standard Bible

(Christianity) Initialism of New American Standard. (Bible)


chiliast

From Latin chiliasta, possibly via French chiliaste, from Ancient Greek χιλιαστής (khiliastḗs), from χῑ́λιοι (khī́lioi, “thousand”) + -αστής (-astḗs, “-ast, -ist: forming agent nouns”). Equivalent to chilia- + -ast.

... Agreed on all sides, except the Chiliasts...

1611, William Sclater, A Key to the Key of Scripture..., page 324:

All Anabaptists were and are still Chiliasts, expounding literally that Kingdome of a thousand years of Revel. xx. 6 to be a temporall Kingdome.

1647, anonymous author, A Short History of the Anabaptists, page 52:

(Christianity, typically derogatory) Synonym of millenarian: a person who believes the Second Coming of Jesus Christ will involve his physical rule on Earth for 1000 years.


HTR

(Christianity) Initialism of hard to receive.


transubstantiation

transubstantiation (countable and uncountable, plural transubstantiations)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin trānsubstantiātiō.

I was openly dismissive about transubstantiation, by which the host is consecrated, and according to Catholic doctrine, literally turns from mere bread into the body of Christ. “But all the atoms stay the same!” I would insist. “That makes no sense!”

2020 July 6, Helen Lewis, “How J. K. Rowling Became Voldemort”, in The Atlantic:

(Roman Catholicism) The doctrine holding that the bread and wine of the Eucharist are essentially transformed into the body and blood of Jesus.


concomitance

concomitance (countable and uncountable, plural concomitances)

First attested 1607, from French concomitant, from Latin concomitari (“accompany”), from con- (“together”) + comitari (“to company”), from comes, comitis (“companion”).

(Christianity) The Roman Catholic doctrine of the existence of the entire body of Christ in the Eucharist, under each element, so that the body and blood are both received by communication in one kind only.


Jesuit

Learned borrowing from New Latin Iēsūīta, from Latin Iēsūs + -īta.

lbor

(Catholicism) A member of the Society of Jesus.


prothesis

en-noun

prothesis (countable and uncountable, plural protheses)

From Ancient Greek πρόθεσις (próthesis, “a preposing”), from προτίθημι (protíthēmi, “I prepose”), from πρό (pró, “before”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “I place”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro + *dʰédʰeh₁ti (“to be putting, to be placing”).

bor

Eastern Orthodox
Eastern Orthodox Church

(Christianity) The preparation and preliminary oblation of the Eucharistic bread and wine in the Divine Liturgy of the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches.


All Souls' Day

Commemoration of All the Faithful Departed

(Christianity) An annual feast day celebrating the faithful departed on the second day of November, immediately following All Saints' Day.

vainajien päivä

generally; not in Finnish Lutheranism, though


All Saints' Day

All Saint’s Day (alternative)
All Saints Day (alternative)

(Christianity) In Christian tradition, the annual feast day celebrating the life of all saints, taking place on the first day of November, or (in the Greek church) on the first Sunday after Pentecost.


baptize

en-verb

baptize (third-person singular simple present baptizes, present participle baptizing, simple past and past participle baptized)

baptizes (present singular third-person)
baptizing (participle present)
baptized (participle past)
baptized (past)
baptise (alternative)

→ Jamaican Creole: baptaiz

From Middle English baptisen, baptizen, from Old French baptiser, batisier, from Ecclesiastical Latin, Late Latin baptizāre, from Ancient Greek βαπτίζω (baptízō, “to immerse, plunge, baptize”).

der

I vvas baptized in thy Cordiall vvater, againſt Original ſinne, and I haue drunke of thy Cordiall Blood, for my recouerie, from actuall, and habituall ſinne, in the other Sacrament.

1624, John Donne, “11. Prayer.”, in Deuotions upon Emergent Occasions, and Seuerall Steps in My Sicknes: […], London: […] A[ugustine] M[atthews] for Thomas Iones, →OCLC, pages 280–281:

(Christianity) To perform the sacrament of baptism by sprinkling or pouring water over someone or immersing them in water.

pagëzoj

to perform the Christian sacrament of baptism


charity

en-noun

charity (countable and uncountable, plural charities)

From Middle English charite, from Old French charité, cherte, chariteit, cariteit, from Latin cāritās.

Charity suffereth long, and is kind; charity envieth not; charity vaunteth not itself, is not puffed up, Doth not behave itself unseemly, seeketh not her own, is not easily provoked, thinketh no evil.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Corinthians 13:4-5:

(archaic, Christianity) Christian love; representing God's love of man, man's love of God, or man's love of his fellow-men.


confirmation name

confirmation name (plural confirmation names)

(Christianity) A name given usually by a pastor to a confirmand during a confirmation ceremony in various Christian denominations.


tincture

The noun is derived from Late Middle English tincture (“a dye, pigment; a colour, hue, tint; process of colouring or dyeing; medicinal ointment or salve (perhaps one discolouring the skin); use of a medicinal tincture; (alchemy) transmutation of base metals into gold; ability to cause such transmutation; substance supposed to cause such transmutation”) [and other forms], borrowed from Latin tīnctūra (“act of dyeing”) + Middle English -ure (suffix indicating an action or a process and the means or result of that action or process). Tīnctūra is derived from tīnctus (“coloured, tinged; dipped in; impregnated with; treated”) + -tūra (suffix forming action nouns expressing activities or results); while tīnctus is the perfect passive participle of tingō (“to colour, dye, tinge; to dip (in), immerse; to impregnate (with); to moisten, wet; to smear”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *teng- (“to dip; to soak”). Doublet of tainture, teinture, and tinctura.
The verb is derived from the noun.

doublet

Rollo ſonne of a Daniſh Potentate, […] made tranſmigration into France, and there, after ſome martiall diſcords, honored in holy tincture of Chriſtianity vvith the name of Robert, […]

1612, [John Selden], “The Fourth Song. Illustrations.”, in Michael Drayton, edited by [John Selden], Poly-Olbion. Or A Chorographicall Description of Tracts, Riuers, Mountaines, Forests, and Other Parts of this Renowned Isle of Great Britaine, […], London: […] [Humphrey Lownes] for M[athew] Lownes; I[ohn] Browne; I[ohn] Helme; I[ohn] Busbie, →OCLC, page 73:

Senses relating to colour, and to dipping something into a liquid.


chancellor

chancellors (plural)
chanceler (alternative)
chanceller (alternative)
chancellour (alternative)
chancelor (alternative)
chancelour (alternative)
chaunceler (alternative)
chaunceller (alternative)
chauncellor (alternative)
chauncellour (alternative)
chauncelor (alternative)
chauncelour (alternative)

/ˈtʃɑːnsələ/

/ˈt͡ʃænsələ/

Angela Merkel
Frick Collection
Hans Holbein the Younger
Thomas More

From Anglo-Norman or Middle English chaunceler, chanceler, canceler (“chief administrative or executive officer of a ruler; chancellor, secretary; private secretary, scribe; Lord Chancellor of England; officer of the ruler's exchequer; a high administrative or executive officer (for example, a deputy or representative of a bishop; the head of a university)”), from Old French cancelier, chancelier (“chancellor”), from Late Latin cancellārius (“secretary; doorkeeper, porter; usher of a court of law stationed at the bars separating the public from the judges”), from Latin cancellī (plural of cancellus (“grate; bars, barrier; railings”), diminutive of cancer (“grid; barrier”), from Proto-Italic *karkros (“enclosure”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to bend, turn”)) + -ārius (suffix forming nouns denoting an agent of use).
The word was present as Late Old English canceler, cancheler, from Norman cancheler, but was displaced in the 13th century by the Old French and Anglo-Norman forms mentioned above.

refn

From the Frick Collection in New York City, New York, USA.

مُسْتَشَار

senior secretary or official with administrative or legal duties, sometimes in charge of some area of government

The Chancellor, as he is commonly called, who presides in the Diocesan Court, is appointed by the Bishop to the two ancient offices of Vicar General and Official Principal. When the Bishop, as was frequently the case, was absent from the Diocese, or for any other reason was unable to act in person, the Vicar General, as the name denotes, was his usual representative, while the exercise of his judicial authority he delegated to the Official Principal. For a long period of time the two offices have been always held together, and the Chancellor sometimes acts in one capacity and sometimes in the other.

1907 November 20, W. T. P., “The Consistory Court of St. Asaph”, in Bye-gones Relating to Wales and the Border Counties, volume X (New Series), Oswestry, Shropshire, Wrexham, Denbighshire: Woodall, Minshall, Thomas and Co.; London: Elliot Stock […], →OCLC, page 139:

(Christianity) A senior record keeper of a cathedral; a senior legal officer for a bishop or diocese in charge of hearing cases involving ecclesiastical law.

kansliapäällikkö

senior record keeper of a cathedral; senior legal officer for a bishop or diocese


crusade

From French croisade, introduced into English (in the French spelling) by 1575. The modern spelling emerges c. 1760,. Middle French croisade is introduced in the 15th century, based on Spanish cruzada (late 14th century) and Old Occitan crozada (early 13th century), both reflecting Medieval Latin cruciāta, cruxiata, the feminine singular of the adjective cruciātus used as an abstract noun.
Adjectival cruciātus originally meant "tormented; crucified", but from the 12th century crucesignatus was also used for "marked with a cross; making the sign of the cross" and eventually "taking the cross" in the sense of "going on a crusade".
Old Occitan crozada is used in the sense "[the Albigensian] crusade" in the Song of the Albigensian crusade, written c. 1213. From vernacular usage, Middle Latin cruciāta also comes to be used in the sense "crusade" from about 1270.

The same period that has seen social and political crusades increasingly replace religious messages in the pulpits has seen a sharp 35 percent decline in membership of the mainline Protestant denominations associated with the National Council of Churches.

1994, Richard Nixon, “America Beyond Peace”, in Beyond Peace, New York: Random House, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 239:

(politics, Protestantism, dated) A mass gathering in a political campaign or during a religious revival effort.


contumacy

en-noun

contumacy (countable and uncountable, plural contumacies)

From Latin contumācia, from contumāx (“refusing to appear in a court of law in disobedience of a summons; insolent, obstinate, stiff-necked”).

[T]heſe Muſhrome Lords (Spirituall onely in Title, but wholly Temporall in reality), firſt ſprouted up by inſenſible degrees in the Church of Christ; ſo it is moſt infallibly convinced of notorious falſehood, by the multitude of thoſe moſt execrable Treaſons, Treacheries, Conſpiracies, Rebellions, Contumacies, Inſurrections, Seditions, and Anti-Monarchiall practiſes of Lordly Prelates, againſt their Soveraignes, in all ages ſince they grew rich and potent, in all Kingdomes and Churches where they have been admitted; […]

1641, William Prynne, “The Prologve”, in The Antipathie of the English Lordly Prelacie, both to Regall Monarchy, and Civil Unity: or, An Historicall Collection of the Severall Execrable Treasons, Conspiracies, Rebellions, Seditions, State-schismes, Contumacies, Antimonarchicall Practices, & Oppressions of our English, British, French, Scottish, and Irish Lardly Prelates, against our Kingdomes, Lawes, Liberties; and of the Severall Warres, and Civil Dissentions Occasioned by Them, in or against our Realm, in Former and Latter Ages. … The First Part, volume I, London: Printed by authority for Michael Sparke, senior, →OCLC, page 1:

Persons Judicially cited, are ſometimes wont, by a Non-Appearance in Court, to contemn the Judges Authority; and thereby to render themſelves contumacious: wherefore, I will conſider theſe Perſons under the following heads. […] 2dly, Examine how many Species or Kinds of Contumacy there are. […] The Plaintiff on the Return of a Peremptory Citation ought not to accuſe the Contumacy of the Perſon ſummon'd, otherwiſe he ſhall not be adjudged contumacious.

1726, John Ayliffe, “Of Contumacy, and the Several Kinds thereof”, in Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani: or, A Commentary, by Way of Supplement to the Canons and Constitutions of the Church of England. Not only from the Books of the Canon and Civil Law, but likewise from the Statute and Common Law of this Realm. …, London: Printed for the author, by D. Leach, and sold by John Walthoe in the Middle Temple Cloysters, James and John Knapton in St Paul's Churchyard, Richard Standfast in Westminster-Hall, William and John Innys at the West End of St Paul's, Francis Clay and Daniel Brown without Temple Bar, London, and Simon Martin, bookseller in Leicester, →OCLC, page 196:

When an accused person, or a witness, refuses to obey a citation, he shall be cited a second time; and if he still continue to refuse, he shall be excluded from the communion of the church for contumacy, until he repent.

1839, Broadway Tabernacle Anti-slavery Society, Proceedings of the Session of Broadway Tabernacle, Against Lewis Tappan: With the Action of the Presbytery and General Assembly, New York, N.Y.: [S. W. Benedict]; for sale at No. 43 Nassau Street, →OCLC, page 25:

I know how distasteful to God, contumacy, and contempt, and disobedience to order and authority is; and I know, (and all men, that choose not ignorance, may know) that our excommunications (though calumniators impute them to small things, because, many times, the first complaint is of some small matter) never issue but upon contumacies, contempts, disobediences to the church. But they are real contumacies, not interpretative, apparent contumacies, not presumptive, that excommunicate a man in heaven; and much circumspection is required, and (I am far from doubting it) exercised in those cases upon earth; […]

1839, John Donne, Henry Alford, “Sermon LXVI. Preached at St. Paul's, January 29, 1625. Psalm lxiii. 7.”, in The Works of John Donne, D.D., Dean of Saint Paul's, 1621–1631. With a Memoir of His Life. … In Six Volumes, volume III, London: John W. Parker, West Strand, →OCLC, page 164:

The old law came to recognize a procedure of contumacy, which constitutes a point of departure for our legal system so far as that relates to the doctrine of default, although the procedure has completely changed its aspect in the course of its successive transformations. […] As in the Germanic practice, the procedure by contumacy resulted, not in a condemnation for the act struck at by the prosecution, but in the outlawry of the person guilty of contumacy. Every safeguard given by the law was withdrawn from the person who refused to submit to the law.

1913, [Jean Paul Hippolyte Emmanuel] A[dhémar] Esmein, translated by John Simpson, A History of Continental Criminal Procedure: With Special Reference to France (The Continental Legal History Series; V), Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company, →OCLC, page 73:

Contumacy · Generally speaking, contumacy is the deliberate disregard for legitimate authority. In canon law, contumacy is discussed in two matters. First, a party to an ecclesiastical case or controversy, though usually the respondent, who willfully and without reason refuses to appear before an ecclesiastical court, or who otherwise withholds necessary cooperation from the court, can be declared absent, that is, contumacious, and thereupon forfeits all or some of his or her rights before the tribunal[…]. The second and rather more common use of contumacy occurs in the matter of ecclesiastical penalties. In this sense, one who, after a warning, refuses to desist from delictual behaviour is considered contumacious, and thereby renders himself liable to censure[…].

1998, Peter M. J. Stravinskas, editor, Our Sunday Visitor's Catholic Encyclopedia, rev. edition, Huntington, Ind.: Our Sunday Visitor Publishing Division, →ISBN, page 278:

(chiefly Christianity and law) Disobedience, resistance to authority.

Dictionary of National Biography
Edward I of England
John Balliol
King of Scots
Kingdom of Scotland
Leslie Stephen
Robert Bruce, 5th Lord of Annandale
Wars of Scottish Independence
earl of Fife

Contumacy in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)


protector

protectors (plural)
protectour (alternative)

From Middle English protectour, from Anglo-Norman protectour, protector and its etymon Latin prōtēctor, from prōtegō (“shield, protect”). By surface analysis, protect + -or. Displaced native Old English sċildend.

(Roman Catholicism) A cardinal, from one of the more considerable Roman Catholic nations, who looks after the interests of his people at Rome; also, a cardinal who has the same relation to a college, religious order, etc.


secretariat

secretariats (plural)
secretariate (alternative)

/ˌsɛkɹəˈtɛəɹɪət/

/ˌsɛkɹəˈtɛɹi.ət/

(Roman Catholicism) A kind of dicastery within the Roman Curia.

quốc vụ viện

a kind of dicastery within the Roman Curia


antipope

antipopes (plural)
anti-pope (alternative)

From Middle French antipape (later assimilated to anti- + pope), from Medieval Latin antipāpa.

Meanwhile support for the ‘puppet’ antipope Nicholas V, deprived of his protector and by now excommunicated along with his emperor, rapidly withered away.

2007, Edwin Mullins, The Popes of Avignon, Blue Bridge, published 2008, page 59:

Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic Church

(Christianity) A person who claims or claimed to be the pope, usually as the result of a disputed election or deposition, but is not considered by the Roman Catholic Church to be the real pope.


confession

confession (countable and uncountable, plural confessions)

confessions (plural)
confessione (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English confessioun, from Old French confession, from Latin cōnfessiō, cōnfessiōnem (“confession, acknowledgment, creed or avowal of one's faith”). Displaced native Old English andetnes. Doublet of confessio.
Morphologically confess + -ion.
Sense 6 is a calque of 告白 (kokuhaku).

der

I went to confession and now I feel much better about what I had done.

Hauing diſpleaſ'd my Father, to Lawrence Cell, / To make confeſſion, and to be abſolu'd.

c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, (please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals)]:

sacrament of reconciliation
sacrament of reconciliation

(Christianity) The disclosure of one's sins to a priest for absolution. In the Roman Catholic Church, it is now also termed the sacrament of reconciliation.


commune

en-verb

commune (third-person singular simple present communes, present participle communing, simple past and past participle communed)

communes (present singular third-person)
communing (participle present)
communed (participle past)
communed (past)

From Middle English communen, comunen, from Old French comuner (formed from comun (“common”)) and comunier (“to share”) (from Latin commūnico). Doublet of communicate.

Namely, in these things, in prohibiting that none should commune alone, in making the People whole Communers, or in suffering them to Commune under both kinds […]

1681, Gilbert Burnet, “[A Collection of Records, and Original Papers; with Other Instruments Referred to in the Second Part of the History of the Reformation of the Church of England.] Book I.”, in The History of the Reformation of the Church of England. The Second Part, […], London: […] T[homas] H[odgkin] for Richard Chiswell, […], →OCLC, page 207:

(Christianity, intransitive) To receive the communion.


Abelian

1826, unnamed translator, Pierre Bayle, An Historical and Critical Dictionary [1697, Dictionnaire Historique et Critique; 1709, Historical and Critical Dictionary], Selected and Abridged, Volume 1, page 50,
The Abelians were only a moderate sort of Encratites and Novatians, who absolutely condemned matrimony, while the Abelians approved of and retained it.

A difference of opinion existed as to the moral effects of matrimony among the early Christians; the Abelians, for instance, suffered no member of their sect to remain single, while the Novatians condemned marriage under every circumstance.

1833, James Flamank, A Treatise on Happiness, page 222:

If we include heretical sects there is perhaps some similarity to be traced between the syneisaktism of certain Catholic enthusiasts and the customs of the Abelians or Abelonians, who took their name from Abel.

1951, Reginald Reynolds, Beds: with many noteworthy instances of lying on, under, or about them, Doubleday, page 256:

(Christianity, historical) A member of a sect in fourth-century Africa mentioned by St. Augustine, who states that they married but lived in continence after the manner, as they claimed, of Abel.


Abelonian

(Christianity, historical) Synonym of Abelian.


Advent

(Christianity) The first or the expected second coming of Christ.

(Christianity) The period or season of the Christian church year between Advent Sunday and Christmas.


Adversary

A biblical reference, Satan ultimately deriving from a borrowing of the Hebrew שָׂטָן (Śāṭān, “adversary, accuser”). (See also Satan).

cog

Yahweh′s turning Gog around, putting hooks in his jaws, and bringing him out from the remotest parts of the north (Ezek. 38:4-6) is now interpreted as the release of the Adversary from prison.

1998, Daniel Isaac Block, The Book of Ezekiel: Chapters 25-48:

(Christianity, sometimes Judaism) The Devil; Satan.


Annunciation

/əˌnʌnsɪˈeɪ̯ʃn̩/

(Christianity) The announcement by the archangel Gabriel to Mary that she would give birth to a son, namely Jesus. Celebrated on 25th March.

Müjdə

Christianity: announcement by the archangel Gabriel that Mary would give birth to Jesus


Antichrist

From Middle English Antecrist, from late Old English Antecrist, from Late Latin antichristus, from Ancient Greek ἀντίχριστος (antíkhristos). By surface analysis, anti- + Christ. The modern spelling of the word is due to an effort to reflect the Latin etymon.

der

anti-Christ (alternative)
antichrist (alternative)

(Christianity, Islam) A false messiah who, under direct control of the Devil, will usher in the abomination in the end times; a false prophet.

Antikrishti

one under the direct control of the Devil


Apocalypse

Proprialization from apocalypse, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀποκάλυψις (apokálupsis, “revelation”). The translation decisions, from the original Greek to the conventional English choices Revelation and Apocalypse, are covered by Wikipedia at Book of Revelation § Title, authorship, and date.

He's been reading the Apocalypse again, and doomscrolling social media content that fixates on it.

(Christianity) Revelation (last book of the Bible, composed of twenty-two chapters, which narrates a vision of the end times).


Apocryphal

(Christianity) Of or relating to the Apocrypha.


Blessed

(Roman Catholicism) An epithet indicating that a person has been beatified.


Communion

(Christianity) Alternative letter-case form of communion (“Holy Communion”)


Cross

* As an English surname, from the noun cross, as in crossroads. Also a calque of this word in various European languages, such as French Lacroix, German Kreutz, Serbo-Croatian Križ. Compare Crouch, Crozier, Kriz.
* As an Irish surname, shortened from McCrossen.
* As a German surname, Americanized from Kross, from Middle Low German krus (“pitcher, vessel”), which is possibly an old Germanic borrowing of Ancient Greek κρωσσός (krōssós, “pitcher, pail, urn”). Also a variant of Kress.

(Christianity) The cross on which Jesus died and, in metonymical uses, such as to refer to Christ's suffering in general.