supplicate

en-verb

supplicate (third-person singular simple present supplicates, present participle supplicating, simple past and past participle supplicated)

supplicates (present singular third-person)
supplicating (participle present)
supplicated (participle past)
supplicated (past)

PIE word
 *upó
From Late Middle English supplicaten (“to request (that someone do something)”) [and other forms], borrowed from Latin supplicātus (“prayed”) + Middle English -en (suffix forming the infinitive of verbs). Supplicātus is the perfect passive participle of supplicō (“to pray, supplicate; to beg, humbly beseech”), from sup- (variant of sub- (prefix meaning ‘below, beneath, under’)) + plicō (“to bend, flex; to fold; to roll up”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pleḱ- (“to fold; to plait, weave”)).

anoa

to make a formal request (to Oxford University) that an academic degree be awarded to oneself

anoa

of a member of the University of Oxford, or an alumnus or alumna of another university seeking a degree ad eundem: to formally request that an academic degree be awarded to oneself

to supplicate the Deity

[T]hou maiſt freely lay open thy mind to him [Jesus] in prayer, vvhat ever diſtreſs or vvant thou art in come to him in prayer and thou needſt not fear he vvill vvell knovv vvhat it is thou ſupplicateſt him about; […]

1664, Tho[mas] Worden, “I Come Now to Speak of the High Priest under the Law, which was a Type of Jesus Christ also”, in The Types Unvailed, or, The Gospel Pick’t Out of the Legal Ceremonies, whereby We may Compare the Substance with the Shadow. […], London: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 233:

[I]t is from him only [Jesus] that man hath illumination, which he surely will receive, if in true humiliation of heart he supplicateth Him in the love of truth, and for the sake of living according to what the Divine Truth teacheth; […]

1799 October, J. S., “The Dispositions which a Reader of the Holy Scriptures ought to Have, that He may Reap the Fruits of His Studies and Meditations”, in The Aurora; or, The Dawn of Genuine Truth: Being a Repository of Spiritual, Rational, and Useful Knowledge. […], volume I, number VII, London: […] Aurora Press, […], published November 1799, →OCLC, page 267:

To make a humble request to (someone, especially a person in authority); to beg, to beseech, to entreat.

(specifically, religion) To make a humble request to (a deity or other spiritual being) in a prayer; to entreat as a supplicant.

աղաչեմ

to make a humble request to (a deity or spiritual being) in a prayer


Alternativism

(theology) The belief that absolute truth must explain every legitimate alternative.


godi

(Germanic paganism) A priest of the modern Norse religion.


cruse

From Middle English crouse, from Old English crūse (“jar, cruse”), from Proto-West Germanic *krūsā, from Proto-Germanic *krūsǭ, *krūsaz (“jar, pot, collar, jug”). Cognate with German Krause (“pot with a lid”), Icelandic krús (“jar, jug”). Merged with Middle English croo (“pot, pitcher”), from Old English crōg (“crock, pitcher, vessel”). More at crock.

inh

With a thought I tooke for Maudline
& a cruse of cockle pottage.
with a thing thus tall, skie blesse you all:
I befell into this dotage.

c. 1620, anonymous, “Tom o’ Bedlam’s Song” in Giles Earle his Booke (British Museum, Additional MSS. 24, 665)

He had dipped ungenerously into a generous mother’s purse; basely and recklessly spilt her little cruse.

1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 21, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:

(religion, heraldry or obsolete) A small jar used to hold liquid, such as oil or water.


Joab

(biblical) The nephew of King David, and son of Zeruiah


Esau

From Ancient Greek Ἡσαῦ (Hēsaû), from Biblical Hebrew עֵשָׂו (ʿēśāw).

And the boyes grew; and Eſau was a cunning hunter, a man of the fielde: and Iacob was a plaine man, dwelling in tents.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 25:27, column 2:

(biblical) The son of Isaac and Rebekah and the older twin brother of Jacob.


panendeism

There is something called PanEnDeism which perceives God or the Divine as being part of nature and somehow beyond the universe.

2011, Nick Dutch, Transdeism and Divination, →ISBN:

In this case, one possibility is that the deity is not fully 'consumed' by the creative process, and some remnant remains which can be described by panendeism, a conflation of deism and panentheism.

2015, R Lataster, “Pantheistic God-Concepts: Ancient, Contemporary, Popular, and Plausible Alternatives to Classical Theism”, in Literature & Aesthetics, volume 25:

In my view, Pandeism and Panendeism imply nonetheless the same ontology. In both cases, there is only God and God is only cognizable to us in the form of the universe. The difference is merely epistemic: Panendeism suggests more explicitly that we, humans, cannot know everything about God; that there is always a part of God fundamentally beyond our cognitive capacities.

2017, Bernardo Kastrup, “The Idealist Interpretation of Pandeism”, in Knujon Mapson, editor, Pandeism: An Anthology, →ISBN, page 43:

REP’s model is a variety of panendeism, which is a philosophical template that views reality as consisting of the physical realm and something else—a non-thinking trans-physical supra-intelligent kernel.

2017, The Society for the Alignment of Religion., The Supra-Intelligent Design, →ISBN:

(religion) A deistic equivalent of panentheism.


panendeist

(religion) A person who believes in panendeism.

Panendeist

sometimes either the P or both the P and the initial T are capitalized

Pan-en-deist

variations of capitalization and spacing may be combined


Edom

Via Late Latin Edōm from Koine Greek Ἐδώμ (Edṓm) from Biblical Hebrew אֱדוֹם (ʾĔḏōm).

(biblical) The name given to Esau in the Hebrew Bible.


Absalom

From Hebrew אַבְשָׁלוֹם (avshalóm, literally “father of peace”), from אָב (av, “father”) + שָׁלוֹם (shalom, “peace”).

affix

A student who doesn't know the slow movement of Schubert's B-flat major op post sonata, or the story of David and Absalom, needs to go back to school and learn better.

2017 February 23, Conor Friedersdorf, “20 Ideas From the Mind of David Gelernter”, in The Atlantic:

(biblical) The third son of David, king of Israel.


multidimensional

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-multidimensional.wav

(science fiction, New Age religion) a being that exists in more than one dimension


apatheism

/ˌæpəˈθi.ɪzəm/

Reportedly coined in 2001, as a blend of apathy + theism, by author Robert J. Nash.

[A]patheism is an attitude, not a belief system, and the over-riding fact is that these people are relaxed about religion.

2003 May 14, Jonathan Rauch, “Let It Be”, in The Atlantic:

(religion) Apathy towards the existence of a god; belief that the question of the existence of a god is unimportant.


originalist

Before explicating the possibility of a non-textualist strategy let me address Philipse's arguments in favour of textualism as appropriate method in theology. Some of these arguments appeal to the religious traditions, and thus suggest that a believer qua believer (rather than qua historian) has to be originalist.

2009, Holy Writ: interpretation in law and religion, page 56:

One who aims to discover how the writers of a document intended it to be interpreted, and to interpret it in that way.

(theology) Specifically, one who aims to discover how the writers of the Jewish and Christian scriptures intended them to be interpreted, and to interpret them in that way.


impermanence

en-noun

impermanence (usually uncountable, plural impermanences)

From Middle French impermanence, equivalent to im- + permanence.

(Buddhism) Anicca, the doctrine which asserts that all of conditioned existence is transient.


imposition

imposition (countable and uncountable, plural impositions)

From Middle English imposicioun, from Old French imposicion, from Latin impositio.

(religion) A practice of laying hands on a person in a religious ceremony; used e.g. in confirmation and ordination.


monolatrism

The concept of monotheism sees a gradual development out of notions of henotheism and monolatrism.

2010, Dr. Preeti Tripathy, Indian religions: tradition, history and culture, page 143:

(religion) The worship of a single deity (while possibly believing in others).


Jared

en-proper noun

Jared (countable and uncountable, plural Jareds)

From Latin Iared, from Ancient Greek Ἰαρέδ (Iaréd), from Biblical Hebrew יֶרֶד (yéred). Often explained as deriving from the root י־ר־ד (y-r-d), which forms words relating to descending (see Jordan and ירדן for more); some interpret the Book of Enoch as suggesting that the Jared in the Bible was so named because it was in his time that two hundred angels descended from Heaven to Mount Hermon. Alternatively, sometimes explained as deriving from the root ר־ד־ה (r-d-), which forms words relating to ruling.

And Jared lived after he begat Enoch eight hundred years, and begat sons and daughters:

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 5:19:

(biblical) A man mentioned in the Book of Genesis, a descendant of Adam and of Seth, the father of Enoch, an ancestor of Noah.


infralapsarianism

(theology) A doctrine held by certain Calvinists holding that, while the fall of man was inevitable, the identities of the elect and the reprobate were not known until after the fall.


supralapsarianism

(theology) A doctrine held by certain Calvinists that God predestined the fall of man.


misbelief

From Middle English misbileve, from mis- + bileve; equivalent to mis- + belief. Compare later misbelieve.

(religion) a heresy; an unorthodox belief


immanence

en-noun

immanence (countable and uncountable, plural immanences)

(philosophy, metaphysics, theology) The concept of the presence of deity in and throughout the real world; the idea that God is everywhere and in everything. Contrast transcendence.

вездесъщност

(philosophy, metaphysics, theology) concept


Boaz

Then said Boaz unto Ruth, Hearest thou not, my daughter? Go not to glean in another field, neither go from hence, but abide here fast by my maidens

(biblical) The second husband of Ruth, the father of Obed, the son of Salmon


Caleb

From Late Latin Caleb, Calebus, from Koine Greek Χάλεβ (Kháleb), from Biblical Hebrew כָּלֵב (Kālēḇ), possibly related to כֶּלֶב (keleḇ, “dog”), referring to the unconditional devotion of dogs to their masters.

Doubtless ye shall not come into the land, concerning which I sware to make you dwell therein, save Caleb the son of Jephunneh, and Joshua the son of Nun.

(biblical) Caleb the son of Jephunneh, an Israelite who entered Canaan with Joshua.


mumbo jumbo

mumbo jumbo (countable and uncountable, plural mumbo jumbos)

/mʌmbəʊˈdʒʌmbəʊ/

Probably from Mandinka maamajomboo (“mask; masked dancer”); or perhaps from /l/-vocalization in the words "mumble" and "jumble".

bor

Rev. Quack's healing services are little more than mumbo jumbo.

"And what have you got to say? Another lot of mumbo-jumbo like your learned associates over there?"

1966, James Workman, The Mad Emperor, Melbourne, Sydney: Scripts, page 91:

What is going on in all this religious mumbo-jumbo that is so foreign to the positivism of contemporary scholarship is a reenactment of the history of the soul before the beginning of terrestrial evolution.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 179:

(religion) Any object of superstition; religious words and/or actions which are seen as superstitious or fraudulent.


prevenient grace

(Christianity, theology) An Arminian doctrine distinctive to Methodism and the broader Wesleyan movement. It holds that man is so fallen that he is utterly incapable of perceiving the need for salvation, but God, in His infinite wisdom, has preveniently extended to humankind sufficient grace that we can, through free will, willingly accept salvation.


evangelicalism

en-noun

evangelicalism (countable and uncountable, plural evangelicalisms)

Islamic evangelicalism helped win over Iberian notables […]

2010, Timothy Parsons, The Rule of Empires: Those Who Built Them, Those Who Endured Them, and Why They Always Fall, page 108:

(by analogy, Islam) Islamic movements which are based on preaching and proselytism (dawah).


Cain

From Hebrew קַיִן (Káyin, “craftsman”), present since Old English.

According to the Book of Jubilees Cain got married to his sister Awan.

And Cain talked with Abel his brother: and it came to paſſe when they were in the field, that Cain roſe vp againſt Abel his brother, and ſlew him.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 4:8, column 2:

(biblical) The son of Adam and Eve who killed his brother Abel.


AMP

(biblical) Abbreviation of Amplified Bible.


hungry ghost

(Buddhism, Chinese folk religion) A type of supernatural being, condemned to desire more than it can consume; often depicted with large belly and tiny mouth.

ပြိတ္တာ

in Buddhism, a type of supernatural being


tonsure

en-verb

tonsure (third-person singular simple present tonsures, present participle tonsuring, simple past and past participle tonsured)

tonsures (present singular third-person)
tonsuring (participle present)
tonsured (participle past)
tonsured (past)

From Middle English tonsure, from Anglo-Norman and Old French tonsure, from Latin tonsūra (“a clipping, trimming”), from tondeō (“shear, clip, trim”).

(Christianity, Buddhism) To shave the crown of the head as a sign of humility and religious vocation.


via affirmativa

The medieval Roman Catholic Church recognized two opposite roads to grace: the via negativa of the monk's cell and the hermit's cave, and the via affirmativa of immersion in human affairs, of being in the world whether or not one is of it.

1986 December 28, John Barth, “A Few Words About Minimalism”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(theology) A concept of God built up through positive statements about his nature.


via negativa

(theology) A concept of God built up through negative statements about his nature.


heresiarch

/hɛˈɹiːzɪɑːk/

/ˈhɛɹɪsɪˌɑːk/

Borrowed from French hérésiarque, from Ecclesiastical Latin haeresiarcha (or directly from the Latin word), from ecclesiastical Byzantine Greek αἱρεσιάρχης (hairesiárkhēs, “leader of a sect”), from Ancient Greek αἵρεσῐς (haíresis, “heresy”) + -ᾰ́ρχης (-árkhēs, “leader, ruler”), corresponding to heresy + -arch.

der

He died in 1223, and seems to have had no successor; not is it an ascertained point that more than one such hæresiarch was ever recognized.

1838, James Henthorn Todd, “Note D.—See Lecture I. p. 34. The Fratricelli, and Beguins.”, in Discourses on the Prophecies Relating to Antichrist in the Writings of Daniel and St. Paul; […], Dublin: Printed at the University Press; London: J. G. F. and J. Rivington; […], published 1840, →OCLC, footnote h, pages 463–464:

Is the heresiarch a less pernicious member of society than the murderer? Is not the loss of one soul a greater evil than the extinction of many lives? […] If then, the heresiarch causes infinitely greater evils than the murderer, why is he not as proper an object of penal legislation as the murderer? We can give a reason,—a reason, short, simple, decisive, and consistent. We do not extenuate the evil which the heresiarch produces; but we say that it is not evil of that sort against which it is the end of government to guard.

1839 April, [Thomas Babington Macaulay], “Art. X.—The State in Its Relations with the Church. By W[illiam] E[wart] Gladstone, Esq., Student of Christ Church, and M.P. for Newark. 8vo. Second Edition. London: 1839. [book review]”, in The Edinburgh Review, or Critical Journal, volume LXIX, number CXXXIX, Edinburgh: Printed by Ballantyne and Hughes; for Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman, London. [...], →OCLC, pages 249–250:

Sermons, whose writers played such dangerous tricks / Their own heresiarchs called them heretics, […]

1843 August 24, Oliver Wendell Holmes [Sr.], “Terpsichore”, in The Poetical Works of Oliver Wendell Holmes, 1st English edition, London: G[eorge] Routledge & Co., […], published 1852, →OCLC, page 38:

Nestorǐus, a celebrated Haeresiarch, was appointed patriarch of Constantinople a.d. 428, but in consequence of his heresy was deposed at the council of Ephesus, 431. […] Nestorius carefully distinguished between the divine and human nature attributed to Christ, and refused to give to the Virgin Mary the title of Theotocus (Θεοτόκος) or "Mother of God."

1858, William Smith, “Nestorǐus”, in A Classical Dictionary of Biography, Mythology, and Geography, Based on the Larger Dictionaries, 4th revised edition, London: John Murray, […]; Walton and Maberly, […], →OCLC, page 476, column 1:

Beautiful as Mr. [James Allanson] Picton's book was, its tendency was away from Christianity, and, followed to its logical conclusions, led to the renunciation of the Christian faith. He was illustrating an old truth, though to me then an undiscovered one, that a heresiarch may be, and often is, a very noble man, whatever may be the result to society of his views.

1913, Frederick Rogers, “James Allanson Picton, 1868–1878”, in Labour, Life and Literature: Some Memories of Sixty Years, London: Smith, Elder & Co., […], →OCLC, page 39:

Although questions remain, it is, on balance, most reasonable to assign the Gospel of Truth to the Valentinian tradition. This is also the judgment of the majority of scholars. Whether the homily was actually composed by Valentinus himself, as some believe, cannot confidently be known. However, the quality of the composition and the authority of the voice that speaks in it do point in the direction of the heresiarch himself, rather than some minor and unknown figure.

2007, Einar Thomassen (introduction), Marvin Meyer, transl. and editor, “NHC I,3; XII,2”, in The Nag Hammadi Scriptures, international edition, New York, N.Y.: HarperOne, →ISBN, page 34:

Who were the heresiarchs of the Beguins? Surely the ultimate heresiarch was Peter [John] Olivi himself, and his body ("relics" to his followers, mere bones to the inquisitors) were spirited away from Narbonne at the very beginning of the conflict to be burned like a live heresiarch, with the ashes thrown into the Rhône.

2008, Louisa A[nne] Burnham, “Heretics, Heresiarchs, and Leaders”, in So Great a Light, So Great a Smoke: The Beguin Heretics of Languedoc (Conjunctions of Religion and Power in the Medieval Past), Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, →ISBN, page 135:

(religion) The founder of a heresy, or a major ecclesiastical proponent of such a heresy.


auditor

From Anglo-Norman auditour, from Latin audītor (“hearer, auditor”).

(Scientology) One trained to perform spiritual guidance procedures.


interdenominational

Coordinate term: nondenominational

Near-synonyms: ecumenic, ecumenical

(religion) Of, relating to, or between different denominations or churches.

idirchreidmheach

of, relating to, or between different denominations or churches


burnt offering

/bɜːnt ˈɒfəɹɪŋ/

/bɝnt ˈɔfəɹɪŋ/

PIE word
 *h₁epi
From Middle English brend offring, brend offringe, from brend (past participle of brennen (“to burn”)) + offring, offringe (“presentation of something as a religious offering; offering presented to God or another deity”), used in biblical texts to translate Late Latin holocaustum (“burnt offering wholly consumed by fire”) in the Vulgate version of the Bible. The English term is analysable as burnt + offering.

noncog

[…] Job ſent for them, and clenſed them agayne, ſtode vp early, and offred for eueryone a brẽtofferinge [brentofferinge].

1535 October 14 (Gregorian calendar), Myles Coverdale, transl., Biblia: The Byble, […] (Coverdale Bible), [Cologne or Marburg]: [Eucharius Cervicornus and Johannes Soter?], →OCLC, Job j:[5], folio i, recto, column 2:

When they faſt I will not heare their crie, and when they offer burnt offering and an oblation I wil not accept them: but I will conſume them by the ſword, and by the famine, and by the peſtilence.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Jeremiah 14:12, column 2:

(biblical) A slaughtered animal offered and burnt on an altar as an atonement for sin.

brandoffer

(religion, by extension) Any similar sacrifice to a deity or deities, or to a deceased person.

polttouhri

any similar sacrifice to a deity or deities, or to an deceased person


interbeing

en-noun

interbeing (countable and uncountable, plural interbeings)

(religion, zen) A state of connectedness and interdependence of all phenomena.


fajr

Excuse me, brother, but would you mind regularising your fajr schedule.

2019, John Lanchester, Capital, Faber and Faber (2013), page 406:

(Islam) the first of the five daily prayers recited by practicing Muslims.


Kaaba

(Islam) The nearly cubical stone temple in Mecca, the holiest place in Islam and site of the great hajj assembly.


Meru

2003, J. Dina Bagdel, John C. Huntington Buddhist Cosmology: Environment of Meditative Transformation: Mount Meru, John C. Huntington, Dina Bangdel, Robert A. F. Thurman, The Circle of Bliss: Buddhist Meditational Art, page 66,
Buddhist realizations and transformations take place in a sacred meditational space known as Mount Meru, or Sumeru. In Western-language literature, the Mount Meru system is often construed as the "Buddhist universe," but this description is misleading as it implies a singular phenomenon. The Mount Meru system is indeed an expression of Buddhist cosmology, but it describes structure of the cosmos.

2013, Eric Huntington, Portrait of a Landscape: Depictions of the Meru Cosmos in Buddhist Art & Culture, Dissertation, University of Chicago.

(mythology, religion, usually with "Mount") The abode of the gods at the center of the universe in Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist traditions.

Mount Meru

mountain abode of gods in Buddhist, Hindu and Jainistic traditions


Inari

(Japanese mythology, Shinto) The god of harvests, fertility, rice, agriculture, foxes, industry, and worldly success.


Immanuel

From Hebrew עִמָּנוּאֵל (ʿimanuʾél), from עִמָּנוּ אֵל (ʿimánu ʾél, literally “God is with us”).

der

Hebrew עִמָּנוּאֵל (ʿimanuʾél)

Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah 7:14:

(biblical) A figure whose birth is prophesied in the Book of Isaiah in the Bible.

(Christianity) This figure, regarded by Christians as the Messiah or Christ.


anthropomorphology

(religion) The attribution of human characteristics to God.


concupiscible

en-adj

concupiscible (comparative more concupiscible, superlative most concupiscible)

more concupiscible (comparative)
most concupiscible (superlative)

From Middle English concupiscibill, concupiscibl, concupiscible, concupyscyble, concupyssible, from Middle French concupiscible and its etymon, Latin concupīscibilis.

The irascible and concupiscible appetites are distinguished by different aspects of their objects. The object of the concupiscible faculty "is sensible good or evil, simply apprehended as such" while good and evil considered as "arduous or difficult … is the object of the irascible faculty."

2015, Jeffrey Froula, “Aquinas on the Moral Neutrality of the Passion of Despair”, in New Blackfriars:

(theology) Relating to the concupiscible passions


ijazah

From Arabic إِجَازَة (ʔijāza, “authorization”).

bor

(Indonesia, Islam) A license authorizing its holder to transmit a certain text or subject, especially Islamic religious knowledge.


non constat

(law, religion, sciences) It is not certain; It is doubted.


Hagar

From Hebrew הָגָר (Hagar, “stranger”). Compare Arabic هَاجَر (hājar), Tiberian Hebrew הָגָר (Hāḡār).

(biblical) The Egyptian concubine of Abraham, mother of Ishmael.


Goliath

Ultimately from Hebrew גָּלְיָת (golyāṯ).

(biblical) A giant who, according to the Bible, was vanquished in battle with King David.


omnitheism

(religion) The belief that all religions contain a core recognition of the same god or gods.

omniteismi

In other words, omni-theism is merely the other side of humanistic atheism: Both reduce life to the human center.

2009, Whitney Bauman, Theology, Creation, and Environmental Ethics: From Creatio Ex Nihilo to Terra Nullius, page 132:

(religion) The belief that every entity is a god.

(religion) The belief in all gods; pantheism.


faith-based

en-adj

faith-based (comparative more faith-based, superlative most faith-based)

more faith-based (comparative)
most faith-based (superlative)

From faith + based. The political sense emerged from the 1970s to the 1980s. The term "faith-based organization" dates from 1971.http://books.google.com/books?id=yXLwAAAAMAAJ&q=%22faith-based+organizations%22&dq=%22faith-based+organizations%22&hl=en&ei=zaFrTPbWLcuMOOKMja0B&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAg

... a self-confidence which stems from faith in the Buddha and His power. By this faith-based confidence they cure themselves." (1982)http://books.google.com/books?id=GnYou0owQ5MC&pg=PA152&dq=%22faith-based%22+-%22faith+based+on%22&hl=en&ei=N3xqTNOxO4mkOKiagKwB&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=%22faith-based%22%20-%22faith%20based%20on%22&f=false

(theology, religious studies) based on religious faith


Ahaz

From Hebrew אָחָז (acház, “owns”), a contraction of יְהוֹאָחָז (yeho'acház, “Jah has held”). Attested to in Akkadian as 𒅀𒌑𒄩𒍣 (Iaúḥazi).

Twenty years old was Ahaz when he began to reign, and reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem, and did not that which was right in the sight of LORD his God, like David his father.

(biblical) A king of Judah mentioned in the book of Kings.


receptionist

Recorded since 1901, derived from reception + -ist.


puritanism

en-noun

puritanism (countable and uncountable, plural puritanisms)

Borrowed from French puritanisme, equivalent to puritan + -ism.

(theology) Strict and austere religious conduct.


bodhi tree

(Buddhism) The specific fig tree under which the Buddha sat when he attained enlightenment; the descendant of that tree on the same spot at Bodh Gaya.


Hezekiah

/ˌhɛzəˈkaɪə/

From Hebrew חִזְקִיָּה (chizkiyá, “Hezekiah”).

der

Hezekiah began to reign when he was five and twenty years old, and he reigned nine and twenty years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Abijah, the daughter of Zechariah. And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, according to all that David his father had done.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Chronicles 29:1-2:


Dalai Lama

/ˈdælaɪ ˈlɑːmə/

/ˈdɑːlaɪ ˈlɑːmə/

Borrowed from Tibetan ཏཱ་ལའི་བླ་མ (tā la'i bla ma), compound of Mongolian ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ (dalai, “ocean”) + Tibetan བླ་མ (bla ma, “lama”).

bor+

Of the Mongall Tartars.
The Mongalls are a numerous people, and occupy a large extent of country, from this place to the Kallgan, which ſignifies the everlaſting Wall, or the great wall of China. From this wall they ſtretch themſelves northward as far as the river Amoor; and from the Amoor, weſtward, to the Baykail ſea ; where they border with the territories of the Kontayſha, or prince of the black Kalmucks. On the ſouth, they are bounded by a nation called Tonguts, among whom the Delay Lama has his residence.

[1767, Annual register, or a view of the history and politics and literature for the year, page 38, column 2:

Szechuen troops defending recognized Chinese territory against the raids of the Tibetans declare that by crossing the Kinsha River the forces of the Da Lai Lama have violated the recent truce. The truce established the stream as the boundary between Tibet and China Proper.

[1933 December 2, “Tibetan Troops Renew Attack on Sikong”, in The China Weekly Review, volume 67, number 1, →OCLC, page 32, column 2:

I got a laugh from the Chinese audience when I said I thought that if Jiang and the Dalai Lama did meet, they would like each other very much.

2005, Bill Clinton, My Life, volume II, New York: Vintage Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 435:

I was pleased that President George W. Bush presented the Congressional Gold Medal to the Dalai Lama at the Capitol in October 2007.
In March 2008, I led a Congressional delegation to India. Part of our mission was to meet with the Dalai Lama in Dharamsala, the headquarters of Tibetan exiles.

2008, Nancy Pelosi, “A Voice That Will Be Heard”, in Know Your Power: A Message to America's Daughters, Doubleday, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 95:

At the 2007 APEC Summit in Sydney, I told President Hu I planned to attend a ceremony where the Dalai Lama would receive the Congressional Gold Medal. The Buddhist leader was a source of distress for the Chinese government, which accused him of stirring up separatists in Tibet. I met with the Dalai Lama five times during my presidency, and I found him to be a charming, peaceful man. I told China’s leaders they should not fear him. “This is not meant as a slap at China,” I said, “but as a measure of my respect for the Dalai Lama and for the U.S. Congress. You know my strong belief in religious freedom.”

2010, George W. Bush, Decision Points, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 428:

(Tibetan Buddhism) The supreme head of Tibetan Buddhism, believed to be an incarnation of Avalokitesvara, and considered the spiritual leader of the Tibetan people.


bodhi

en-noun

bodhi (usually uncountable, plural bodhis)

From Sanskrit बोधि (bodhi). Doublet of synonymous bodai, which came via Japanese.

(Buddhism) The state of enlightenment that finally ends the cycle of death and rebirth and leads to nirvana.


aureola

/ɔːˈɹiː.ə.lə/

/ɔˈɹiː.ə.lə/

/ɑˈɹiː.ə.lə/

(theology) An increment to the ordinary blessedness of heaven gained by virgins, martyrs, and doctors for their triumph respectively over the flesh, the world, and the devil.


bulrush

From Middle English bulrish, perhaps from bule (“bull”) (in the sense of "large") plus rish (“rush”).

Cyperus papyrus
Cyperus papyrus#Translingual

(biblical) A plant referred to in the story of Moses as growing along the banks of the Nile, which is believed to be the papyrus (Cyperus papyrus).


Corinthians

(biblical) Either of the two books in the New Testament of the Bible that are written as epistles to the people of Corinth and which are attributed to Paul the Apostle, Sosthenes and Timothy.


Josue

(biblical, Douay Version) Obsolete form of Joshua.


ribat

(Islam, figurative) The duty of all Muslims to defend and/or retake Islamic lands.


Philippians

(biblical) The eleventh book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle of St Paul to the Philippians.


Pilate

The surname is from Latin Pīlātus (“a Roman cognomen”, literally “armed with javelins”), from pilum (“javelin, pestle”), of unknown ultimate origin.

bor

I was 'round when Jesus Christ / Had his moment of doubt and pain / Made damn sure that Pilate / Washed his hands and sealed his fate

1968, Keith Richards, Mick Jagger (lyrics and music), “Sympathy for the Devil”, in Beggars Banquet, performed by Rolling Stones:

(biblical) Pontius Pilate, the man who, according to the Bible, ordered the crucifixion of Jesus.


spiritual world

en-noun

spiritual world (plural spiritual worlds)

(religion, mythology) A metaphysical plane of existence parallel to the material world and occupied by spirits and other unearthly forces.

mundo espiritual

a metaphysical plane occupied by spirits and other unearthly forces


Jeremias

/ˌd͡ʒɛɹəˈmaɪəs/

Some say that thou art John the Baptist; some, Elias; and others, Jeremias or one of the prophets.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 16:14:

(biblical) New Testament name for the prophet Jeremiah.


voluntas ordinata

(Christianity theology) The position (opinion) that, while God has the power to do anything, once He chooses to do something, He ends his ability to do otherwise.


cross-staff

cross-staff (plural cross-staffs or cross-staves)

cross-staffs (plural)
cross-staves (plural)

(ecclesiastical, obsolete) A archbishop's cross.


Samson

From Middle English Sampson, Sampsoun, Samson, from Latin Samson, from Ancient Greek Σαμψών (Sampsṓn), from Hebrew שִׁמְשׁוֹן.

der

Hebrew שִׁמְשׁוֹן

And Delilah ſaid to Samſon, Tel me, I pray thee, wherein thy great ſtrength lyeth, and wherewith thou mighteſt be bound, to afflict thee.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Judges 16:6:

(biblical) An Israelite judge in the Old Testament who performed feats of strength against the Philistines but was betrayed by Delilah his mistress.


harrowing of hell

en-noun

harrowing of hell (plural harrowings of hell)

Not the direct vision of the harrowings of hell as reported, for example, by many Christian visionaries, but accounts given by the departed souls themselves are more frequent and typical features of Jewish moralist writing.

1977, Raphael Werblowsky, Joseph Karo: lawyer and mystic, 2nd edition, page 44:

Of the four harrowings of hell that are cornerstones of Western literature […], we can eliminate the oldest.

2003, Robert J. Andreach, Drawing upon the Past: Classical Theatre in the Contemporary American Theatre, page 36:

[…] the Hero Twins go on to defeat Xibalba and its ghastly denizens, a true Harrowing of Hell.

2007, Sophie & Michael Coe, The True History of Chocolate, page 39:

(mythology, theology) A raid into the underworld by a heroic figure.


Canaan

Canaan
Canaan (disambiguation)
Great Vowel Shift
Wycliffe's Bible

Taken (at least as early as Wycliffe's Bible, 1382-1395, which has Chanaan) from Ecclesiastical Latin Chanaān, from Ancient Greek Χαναάν (Khanaán), expanded from Χνᾶ (Khnâ), from Hebrew כְּנַעַן (k'ná'an). The first vowel shifted from /aː/ to /eɪ/ in the Great Vowel Shift; at least as early as Milton (1660s), the word could already be pronounced with two syllables, though at least as late as the 1880s it could also be pronounced with three, /ˈkeɪ.nə.æn/.

And Canaan begat Sidon his first born, and Heth, and the Jebusite, and the Amorite, and the Girgasite, and the Hivite, and the Arkite, and the Sinite, and the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite: and afterward were the families of the Canaanites spread abroad.


primordium

It is thus vain to hope that the history of the primordia can be reduced to the progress of archeological investigation.

1997 [1991], Alexandre Grandazzi, translated by Jane Marie Todd, The Foundation of Rome: Myth and History, →ISBN, page 33:

Attempts have been made by historians of religion to distinguish between mythic orientations in time concerned with the repetition of a primordium and those concerned with the anticipation of an eschaton.

2003, David Chidester, Salvation and Suicide: Jim Jones, the Peoples Temple, and Jonestown, 2nd edition, →ISBN, page 106:

[Joseph Smith] did not think of himself as going back to a primordium of true Christianity, as the Puritans did. In his view, there never was a golden age when religion flourished to perfection.

2008, Richard L. Bushman, Mormonism: A Very Short Introduction, →ISBN, page 5:

(history, theology) A primordial, original condition or event.


documentarian

From documentary + -an.
From document + -arian.

(sometimes attributive, theology) Somebody who advocates the documentary hypothesis.


hyssop

hyssop (countable and uncountable, plural hyssops)

Via Latin hȳsōpum, from Ancient Greek ὕσσωπος (hússōpos), of Semitic origin.

Origanum syriacum
Origanum syriacum#Translingual

(biblical) A plant used used for sprinkling of blood or water in purification rituals and at Passover, Origanum syriacum.


rak'a

(Islam) A unit of Muslim prayer (salat).


Deborah

From Hebrew דְבוֹרָה (dvorá), meaning bee.

And Deborah, a prophetess, the wife of Lapidoth, she judged Israel at that time.


WYCIWYG

(religion, acronym) What you choose is what you get.


Josiah

/d͡ʒoʊˈzaɪə/

From Biblical Hebrew יֹאשִׁיָּה (yōšiyyā), יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ (yōšiyyā́hū).


pneumatics

(theology, obsolete) The study or knowledge of spiritual beings and their relations to God, angels, and human beings.


paradigmatic

From French paradigmatique, from Ancient Greek πᾰρᾰδειγμᾰτῐκός (paradeigmatikós).

der

πᾰρᾰδειγμᾰτῐκός

(historical, religion) A writer of memoirs of religious persons, as examples of Christian excellence.


feast day

17th March is St Patrick's feast day.

(religion) A religious festival for a particular saint or religious event.


psychical

From Ancient Greek ψυχικός (psukhikós) + -al. By surface analysis, psyche + -ical.

(theology) Pertaining to the animal nature of man, as opposed to the spirit.


houri

From French houri, from Persian حوری (hurî), from Arabic حُورِيّ (ḥūriyy) and Arabic حُورِيَّة (ḥūriyya), adjective and feminine singulative of حُور (ḥūr) from Classical Arabic حُورٌ عِينٌ (ḥūrun ʕīnun, “fair maidens, black-eyed ones”). See أَحْوَر m (ʔaḥwar), حَوْرَاء f (ḥawrāʔ) for the base adjective.

We cannot go into the technical details of his methodology but it allows Luxenberg, to the probable horror of all Muslim males dreaming of sexual bliss in the Muslim hereafter, to conjure away the wide-eyed houris promised to the faithful in suras XLIV.54; LII.20, LV.72, and LVI.22. Luxenberg's new analysis, leaning on the Hymns of Ephrem the Syrian, yields "white raisins" of "crystal clarity" rather than doe-eyed, and ever willing virgins - the houris.

2002 January 12, Ibn Warraq, “Virgins? What virgins?”, in The Guardian:

The repetition of material about the houri suggests that the popularization of that figure occurred as early as the ninth century and continued well into the twelfth century. By then, the houri had become a kind of metonymy for the Garden, as well as an accepted object. A new role of the houri as the superlative being of the Garden emerged through the use of traditions, and most of all the structure of the text. Al-Qadi's text provides an excellent example of the importance of the houri.

2009, Nerina Rustomji, The Garden and the Fire: Heaven and Hell in Islamic Culture, Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 114:

What if in paradise there are no houris waiting? / What if but all you get are grapes, succulent grapes? / What if it's all just a mistake in the translation?

2013, “What If…?”, in Still Smiling, performed by Teho Teardo and Blixa Bargeld:

Although the beauty of houris is described in terms of cosmic pureness and sumptuary materials, the qiyan are understood through attributes and affects. Yet, the houris have one constitutive attribute. They are fair and they have big eyes. Is the houri based on any particular model of beauty or a kind of female slave? Ibn Butlan, in his Risalafi shira'al-raqiq wa-taqlib al-abid, offers a rubric for female slaves; however, the descriptions of houris do not align with other descriptions of slaves.

2017, Matthew S. Gordon, Kathryn A. Hain, Concubines and Courtesans: Women and Slavery in Islamic History, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 274:

(Islam) A beautiful virgin girl supposed to dwell in Paradise for the enjoyment of the faithful.

حَوْرَاء

(Islam) a nymph in the form of a beautiful virgin


Galatians

/ɡəˈleɪʃənz/

(biblical) The ninth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle of Saint Paul to the Galatians.


Naomi

From Hebrew נָעֳמִי (no'omí, literally “my pleasantness”), from נועם / נֹעַם (nó'am, “pleasantness”) + ־ִי (-í, “my, of me”).

uder

And she said unto them, Call me not Naomi, call me Mara; for the Almighty hath dealt very bitterly with me.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ruth 1:20:

(biblical) The mother-in-law of the Biblical figure Ruth.


RM

en-noun

RM (countable and uncountable, plural RMs)

(religion) Initialism of religious movement.


bursa

Borrowed from Medieval Latin bursa (“purse”), from Ancient Greek βύρσα (búrsa); compare purse and bourse, which are doublets.

In solemn mass the deacon brings the book of the Missal to the side of the epistle, then goes backward behind the celebrant; the sub-deacon, indeed, goes to the gospel side, where he cleanses the chalice, fits it with the purifacatory, covers it with the paten and pall, folds the corporal, replaces it in the bursa, and puts it in the chalice covered with a veil, which he places on the altar or over the credentia, as before.

1853, George Lewis, The Bible, the Missal, and the Breviary, page 358:

It is forbidden to leave the corporal, when not in use, exposed upon the altar, or to carry it in one's hands without a covering. A bursa is always to be used for that purpose .

1890, “The "Corporale" and "Palla"”, in American Ecclesiastical Review, volume 3, page 419:

Just like relics, the Eucharist was taken, enclosed in a bursa or pendula as a means of protection not only on journeys overland but - and especially - when travellers ventured onto the whimsical sea.

1995, Godefridus J. C. Snoek, Medieval Piety from Relics to the Eucharist, page 90:

(religion) A parament about twelve inches square in which the folded corporal is kept in for reasons of reverence.


last rites

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-last rites.wav

[...] withdrawal of the Neath-Brecon passenger service [...] was carried out as scheduled on October 15, when 14 intermediate stations and halts were closed to passengers. [...] Our South Wales correspondent writes that the last rites attracted so many people that a relief had to be run to the 4.10 p.m. from Neath.

1962 December, “Talking of Trains: Brecon cuts begin”, in Modern Railways, page 372:

(religion) Final treatment of a dead man.

Anointing of the Sick
Anointing of the Sick

The Catholic sacrament of Anointing of the Sick.


Barnabas

From Ancient Greek Βαρναβᾶς (Barnabâs), from Aramaic בַרְנֶבֻאָה (barneḇú’â, literally “prophet's son”), from בּר (bar, “son of”) and נְבִיָּא (nəḇiyyā, “prophet”).

der

And Joses, who by the apostles was surnamed Barnabas, (which is, being interpreted, The son of consolation, ) a Levite, and of the country of Cyprus, having land, sold it, and brought the money, and laid it at the apostles' feet.

(biblical) An early Christian, one of the earliest Christian disciples in Jerusalem


Silas

From Latin Sīlās, from Ancient Greek Σίλας (Sílas), from Aramaic שְׁאִילָא (šəʾīlā), cognate of Hebrew שָׁאוּל (šāʾūl, “Saul”). Doublet of Saul.

Aramaic שְׁאִילָא (šəʾīlā)

(biblical) The companion of Paul in the New Testament, also called Silvanus.


Elijah

→ Hawaiian: ʻElia

→ Maori: Irāia

From Hebrew אליהו (Eliyahu, “My God is Yahweh”). Doublet of Ilya. Compare Joel. See also Arabic إلياس.

Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of the great and dreadful day of the Lord; And he shall turn the heart of the fathers to the children, and the heart of the children to their fathers, lest I come and smite the earth with a curse.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Malachi 4:5–6:

(Abrahamism, biblical) An Israelite prophet in the Abrahamic religions.


gifting

We all bear His image and likeness, walk in the fullness of His love, and have been given a portion of His power – in the form of divine enablings, and supernatural giftings.

2009, Tom Cannon, We Speak to Nations, page 145:


hecatomb

The noun is a learned borrowing from Latin hecatombē (“great sacrifice of a hundred oxen, hecatomb”), from Ancient Greek ἑκατόμβη (hekatómbē, “great sacrifice of a hundred oxen, hecatomb; any animal sacrifice or large sacrifice”, from ἑκᾰτόν (hekatón, “hundred”) + βοῦς (boûs, “cattle, cow, ox”)).
The verb is derived from the noun.

der

The tutelary deity of the Aztecs was the god of war. The great object of their military expeditions was, to gather hecatombs of captives for his altars. The soldier, who fell in battle, was transported at once to the region of ineffable bliss in the bright mansions of the Sun.

1843, William H[ickling] Prescott, chapter II, in History of the Conquest of Mexico, […], volume I, New York, N.Y.: Harper and Brothers, […], →OCLC, book I (Introduction—View of the Aztec Civilization), page 43:

(by extension, religion, historical) A great public sacrifice in other religions; also, a great number of animals or people reserved for such a sacrifice.


Lodebar

Then king David sent, and fetched him out of the house of Machir, the son of Ammiel, from Lodebar.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Samuel 9:5:

(biblical) A place where David found a member of the family of Saul.


regeneration

en-noun

regeneration (countable and uncountable, plural regenerations)

From re- + generation or regenerate + -ion, from Latin regenerātiō.

(theology) Spiritual rebirth; the change from a carnal or material life to a pious one


sanctification

sanctification (countable and uncountable, plural sanctifications)

From Old French sanctificacion, from ecclesiastical Latin sanctificātionem, from sanctificāre (“to sanctify”).

(theology) The (usually gradual or uncompleted) process by which a Christian believer is made holy through the action of the Holy Spirit.


Jethro

Borrowed from Biblical Hebrew יִתְרוֹ (yitró).


squirreling

(Scientology, often derogatory) The application of L. Ron Hubbard's technology in a heterodox manner.


Omar

From Arabic عُمَر (ʕumar). Doublet of Umar.


Colossians

(biblical) The twelfth book of the New Testament of the Bible, an epistle to the people of Colossae which is attributed to Paul the Apostle.

歌罗西书

Gŏ̤-lò̤-să̤ Cṳ̆


Sina

And when forty years were expired, there appeared to him in the wilderness of mount Sina an angel of the Lord in a flame of fire in a bush.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 7:30:


CKJV

(biblical) Initialism of Chinese King James Version (of the Bible).


Golgotha

* From the Ancient Greek Γολγοθᾶ (Golgothâ) from the Aramaic גּוּלְגּוּלְתָּא (gulgultā).
* (rooms of the heads of the colleges; a hat): Punning on "the place of the skulls/heads".

der

גּוּלְגּוּלְתָּא

Aramaic גּוּלְגּוּלְתָּא (gulgultā)

sense

"And he bearing his cross went forth into a place called the place of a skull, which is called in the Hebrew Golgotha"

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, John 19:17:

(biblical) The hill outside Jerusalem where Jesus was crucified.


Demiurge

/ˈdɛmɪˌɝd͡ʒ/

From Ancient Greek Δημιουργός (Dēmiourgós), see demiurge.

For the rest, we meet in the Demiurge of the Valentinians all the traits of the world-god with which we have by now become familiar and can therefore deal here very briefly

2001, Hans Jonas, The Gnostic Religion: The message of the alien God, page 191:

(Gnosticism) A prideful, inferior being that creates the material world; frequently identified with the creator God of the Hebrew Bible.


jumbo

Returning to the villa, we were greeted by a party which frightened the boys. It was the Moco Jumbo and his suite. The Jumbo was on stilts, with a head, mounted on the actor's head, which was concealed: the music was from two baskets, like strawberry baskets, with little bells within, shook in time. The swordsman danced with an air of menace, the musician was comical, and Jumbo assumed the "antic terrible," and was very active on his stilts.

1806, William Young, “A Tour through the Several Islands of Barbadoes, St. Vincent, Antigua, Tobago, and Grenada, in the Years 1791 & 1792”, in Bryan Edwards, The History, Civil and Commercial, of the British Colonies in the West Indies. […] In Four Volumes, volume IV, Philadelphia, Pa.: Printed and sold by James Humphreys, […], →OCLC, page 257:

[A]nother Krooman came hurrying up, holding out a wooden image with a few bits of grass round its neck, and exclaiming, "Wurra! Wurra! Jumbo hang in fetische-house, sure he make much finish die." […] Jumbo was an uncouthly-carved figure of a man, about a foot in height, sitting cross-legged like a tailor, with ears preposterously large, the Kroo mark down the forehead and nose, and a piece of looking-glass fixed in the thorax and abdomen.

1845 April, “Delta” [pseudonym], “Krooman versus Boobie. A Scene at Fernando Po.”, in P. L. Simmonds, editor, Simmond’s Colonial Magazine and Foreign Miscellany, volume IV, number 16, London: Simmonds & Ward, […], →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 487–488:

(paganism, historical) Short for mumbo jumbo (“a deity or other supernatural being worshipped by certain West African peoples; an idol representing such a being”).


trinitarianism

en-noun

trinitarianism (countable and uncountable, plural trinitarianisms)

(theology) The monotheistic Christian doctrine that defines God as three divine persons or hypostases: the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ), and the Holy Spirit.

kolminaisuusoppi

doctrine of three persons or hypostases in one Godhead


missal

From Old French messel (“book of the Mass”).

(Catholicism) A book containing the prayers and responses needed when celebrating the Roman Catholic Mass throughout the year.


fitna

fitna (countable and uncountable, plural fitnas)

Borrowed from Arabic فِتْنَة (fitna, “sedition, strife”).


haoma

Transliteration of Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬀 (haoma). Doublet of soma.

translit

The offering of haoma was a common practice among Achaemenids; the Haumavarga Scythians probably owe their name to the fact that they did not press the plant but strewed it ritually (HOFFMANN 1975).

1999, Karel van der Toorn, Bob Becking, Pieter Willem van der Horst, Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible: DDD, page 384:

(Zoroastrianism) A plant associated with the divinity Haoma.


psychopomp

From Latin psȳchopompus, from Ancient Greek ψῡχοπομπός (psūkhopompós), from ψῡχή (psūkhḗ, “soul”) + πομπός (pompós, “conductor”).

com

It is generally assumed that the sun goddess functions in the Shapash hymn as psychopomp, transporter of the dead to and from their netherly abode.

1994, Brian B. Schmidt, Israel's Beneficent Dead: Ancestor Cult and Necromancy in Ancient Israelite Religion and Tradition, page 84:

These intermediaries take various forms: the psychopomps of the Neo platonists, the angelic beings of ritual magic, the spirit guides of theosophy, the aliens of modern Ufologists, and the neopagan gods which are a feature of late twentieth-century alternative thought.

1996, Juliette Wood, “Chapter One: The Concept of the Goddess”, in Sandra Billington, Miranda Green, editors, The Concept of the Goddess, page 8:

For most of us, Dr Wilder Penrose was our amiable Prospero, the psychopomp who steered our darkest dreams towards the daylight.

2000, J. G. Ballard, Super-Cannes, Fourth Estate, published 2011, page 3:

Characteristically, the shaman is a healer, a psychopomp (someone who guides the souls of the dead to their home in the afterlife), and more generally a mediator between her or his community and the world of spirits (most often animal spirits and the spirits of the forces of nature).

2001, James R. Lewis, Odd Gods: New Religions & the Cult Controversy, page 323:

This is an allusion to Hermes as the guide of souls, the psychopomp; an important element of Hermes' nature that receives only this scant mention in the Hymn. To understand Hermes as psychopomp we must get to the root of the Hermes of life and death.

2012, Dennis L. Merritt, Hermes, Ecopsychology, and Complexity Theory, volume 3, page 43:

(religion) A spirit, deity, person, etc., who guides the souls of the dead to the afterlife.


probabilistic

en-adj

probabilistic (comparative more probabilistic, superlative most probabilistic)

more probabilistic (comparative)
most probabilistic (superlative)

From probabil(ity) + -istic and probabil(ism) + -istic.

(religion) Of or pertaining to the Roman Catholic doctrine of probabilism.


Elisha

From Biblical Hebrew אֱלִישָׁע (Elisha').

(biblical) A prophet, a disciple and successor of Elijah.


schismatic

[ʃɪzˈmæɾ.ɪk]

[ʃɪzˈmæɾ.ɪk]

From Middle English scismatik with etymological respelling, from Middle French scismatique, from Latin schismaticus, from Ancient Greek σχισματικός (skhismatikós), from σχίσμα (skhísma, “cleft, division”). The music sense is based on schisma, from the same ultimate Greek source; compare schism.

der

(religion) Of or pertaining to a schism.


schismatic

[ʃɪzˈmæɾ.ɪk]

[ʃɪzˈmæɾ.ɪk]

He semeth a sysmatyke
Or els an heretike,
For fayth in hym is faynte.

c. 1503–1512, John Skelton, Ware the Hauke; republished in John Scattergood, editor, John Skelton: The Complete English Poems, 1983, →OCLC, page 62, lines 17–19:

Amid heretics and schismatics, spoilers of the church’s lands, and scoffers at saints and sacraments, there remains a remnant.

1820, [Walter Scott], chapter XIII, in The Abbot. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne & Co.] for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and for Archibald Constable and Company, and John Ballantyne, […], →OCLC, page 267:

(religion) A person involved in a schism.


Ten Commandments

Calque of Biblical Hebrew עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים ('aséret had'varím, “the ten items”), from Exodus 34:28, Deuteronomy 4:13 and Deuteronomy 10:4.

cal

עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים

(biblical) A particular list of religious and moral imperatives which, according to the Old Testament of the Bible or the Hebrew Bible, were twice given or dictated by God to Moses on Mount Sinai and inscribed on two stone tablets.


prolation

en-noun

prolation (countable and uncountable, plural prolations)

/pɹəʊˈleɪʃən/

From Latin prolationem, from the past participle stem of proferre (“bring forward, produce”).

(obsolete, theology) The production or emission of the logos or divine word.


Thessalonians

(biblical) Books in the New Testament of the Bible (1 Thessalonians and 2 Thessalonians), epistles to the Christians in ancient Thessaloniki.


stigmatization

stigmatization (countable and uncountable, plural stigmatizations)

the stigmatization of Saint Francis

(theology) The production of stigmata upon the body.


Ark of the Covenant

¶ Then Solomon assembled the Elders of Israel, and all the heads of the Tribes, the chiefe of the fathers of the children of Israel vnto Ierusalem, to bring vp the Arke of the Couenant of the Lord, out of the citie of Dauid, which is Zion.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Chronicles 5:2:

Indiana Jones: The city of Tannis is one of the possible resting places of the lost Ark.
Eaton: The lost Ark?
Jones: Yeah, the Ark of the Covenant, the chest the Hebrews used to carry around the Ten Commandments in.
Musgrave: What do you mean the Ten Commandments? You mean the Ten Commandments?
Jones: Yes, the actual Ten Commandments, the original stone tablets that Moses brought down out of Mount Horeb and smashed if you believe in that sort of thing.

1981, 19:23 from the start, in Raiders of the Lost Ark (Action-adventure), →ISBN, →OCLC:

The story was true: In the waning days of the Ottoman Empire, a British expedition set out for Jerusalem to find the ark of the covenant, only to fail, spectacularly, in 1911, in an eruption of political turmoil and religious animosity.[…]
The expedition may have had an impact on British foreign policy in the region, Andrew said when we talked, and it helped spawn the world’s ongoing fascination with the ark of the covenant (and Indiana Jones).

2021 October 31, Olivia Parker, “What Happens When Everyone Is Writing the Same Book You Are?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-11-01, Essay:

(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) The sacred container, a gold-plated wooden chest, of the two tablets of law (the Ten Commandments) given to Moses by the Hebrew God.

𐕜𐔰𐕗𐔰𐕎𐔲𐔼 𐔳𐔰𐔲𐕒𐕡𐕘𐕒𐔺

the sacred container, a gold-plated wooden chest


Obon

It was coming up to Obon, and spirits were cruising about like travelers arriving at the airport with their suitcases, looking for a place to check in. Obon was their summer vacation, too, when they could come back from the land of the dead to visit us here, in the land of the so-called living.

2013, Ruth Ozeki, A Tale for the Time Being, Canongate Books (2019), page 222:

(Buddhism) A Japanese festival to honour the spirits of one's ancestors.


Nimrod

Blake's depiction of the biblical Nimrod, whom Erdman traces to Young's poem, recalls Milton's Paradise Lost.

1993, G. A. Rosso, Blake's Prophetic Workshop: A Study of The Four Zoas, page 80:

In the fourth century St. Ephraim the Syrian wrote, in his commentary on Genesis, that Nimrod 'ruled in Erekh which is Orhay (Edessa)'.[…]In Jewish and thereafter in Moslem tradition, Nimrod was the foe of Abraham.

2005, J. B. Segal, Edessa: The Blessed City, page 1:

The historical facts testify that they were highly developed; Nimrod, a descendant of Ham, therefore making him Hamitic, was the first human king not just of Bible record, but secular history also speaks of him. He ruled over a kingdom that included several cities in Mesopotamia.

2010, Khamit Raamah Kush, Faces of the Hamitic People, unnumbered page:

(biblical) A grandson of Ham; a mighty hunter and king of Shinar.


haram

Borrowed from Arabic حَرَام (ḥarām). Doublet of herem.

In case of necessity it is permissible to change one's madhhab or to do a few things according to another madhhab. It is haram to cheat in order to omit a fard or commit a haram.

2003, M. Sıddık Gümüş, Advice For The Muslim, page 258:

In Arabic, haram is the noun derived from the verb hrm, the opposite of what it allowed.

2012, Manal Hamzeh, Pedagogies of Deveiling: Muslim Girls and the Hijab Discourse, page 82:


haram

I can’t speak about sex with my friends in Arabic. The words are too heavy and culturally loaded. It all sounds haram (sinful).

2005, Anoushiravan Ehteshami, Globalization and Geopolitics in the Middle East: Old Games, New Rules, Taylor & Francis e-Library, →ISBN, page 135:

[…] collateral assets must not be debt, cash or prohibited as haram (sinful activity) and must not be associated in any way with unethical or exploitative operations or with speculation and uncertainty (gharar) […]

2007, Andreas Jobst, The Economics of Islamic Finance and Securitization:

A year ago, the Party didn't even exist; some Salafi preachers had deemed democracy haram—forbidden under Islamic law.

2012 April 30, Wendell Steavenson, “Radicals Rising”, in The New Yorker:

(Islam, fiqh) Forbidden by Islam: unlawful, sinful.


madrasah

Borrowed from Arabic مَدْرَسَة f (madrasa, “school”), a noun of place from the verb دَرَسَ (darasa, “to learn, to study”).

(Islam) A school for any kind of teaching, at any grade level; usually specifically a school that teaches Islamic theology.


Nevi'im

Hebrew נְבִיאִים (n'vi’ím, “Nevi'im”, literally “prophets”)

uder

(biblical) A subdivision of the Hebrew Testament (Tanakh) that is known in English as the Prophets. This section is subdivided into two sections, the Former Prophets and the Latter Prophets. The Latter Prophets is further subdivided into the Major Prophets and the Minor Prophets (known as the Twelve).


symbolics

From French symbolique or Latin symbolicus, from Ancient Greek συμβολικός (sumbolikós, “of or belonging to a symbol”).

(theology) The study of that branch of historic theology which treats of creeds and confessions of faith.


aseity

en-noun

aseity (countable and uncountable, plural aseities)

From Medieval Latin aseitas (“state of being by itself”), from Classical Latin a se + -itas.

der

He is Spiritual, for were He composed of physical parts, some other power would have to combine them into the total, and his aseity would thus be contradicted.

1902, William James, “Lecture XVIII: Philosophy”, in The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature […] , New York, N.Y.; London: Longmans, Green, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 439:

(metaphysics, theology) Usually ascribed to deity: the attribute of being entirely self-derived, in contrast to being derived from or dependent on another; the quality of having within oneself the entire reason for one's being; utter independent self-existence and self-sustenance.


Conformist

(religion, historical) In English history, a person whose religious practices conformed with the requirements of the Act of Uniformity and who was therefore in concert with the established Church of England, as opposed to those of the Nonconformists, whose practices were not acceptable to the Church of England.


defensor

(ecclesiastical) the patron of a church; an officer having charge of the temporal affairs of a church


balteus

Borrowed from Latin balteus (“belt, girdle”).

bor+

(biblical) The girdle of a biblical Jewish priest.


felix culpa

en-noun

felix culpa (plural felix culpas or felices culpae)

felix culpas (plural)
felices culpae (plural)

Borrowed from Latin fēlīx culpa (“happy fault”), via Roman Catholic theology.

(religion) The Biblical story of the fall of Adam and Eve and the loss of the Garden of Eden, known theologically as the source of original sin - meaning that this loss of innocence was a fortunate fall because of the good that would come from it, that is, Christian redemption and the eventual hope of Heaven.


classis

Borrowed from Latin classis. Doublet of class.

At Utrecht and Breda there was strong pressure from the Dutch Reformed Church to exclude from employment British preachers who refused to take membership in the classis.

1982, Keith L. Sprunger, Dutch Puritanism:

(religion) An ecclesiastical body or judicatory in certain churches, such as the Dutch Reformed Church. It is intermediate between the consistory and the synod, and corresponds to the presbytery in the Presbyterian church.


historicism

historicism (countable and uncountable, plural historicisms)

Calque of German Historismus, historic + -ism.

(theology) A method of interpretation in Christian eschatology which attempts to associate Biblical prophecies with actual historical events and symbolic beings with historical persons or societies.


renovation

renovation (countable and uncountable, plural renovations)

/ˈɹɛnəveɪʃən/

Borrowed from Latin renovatio, renovationem.


lord of the flies

Calque of Biblical Hebrew בַּעַל זְבוּב (baʿal zəḇûḇ, “fly-lord, Beelzebub”), which in turn is a mistranslation of the name of the Semitic devil Baal-zevuv.

calque

בַּעַל זְבוּב

(idiomatic, biblical) a ruler over a worthless kingdom; leader of a meaningless microcosm.


saving grace

en-noun

saving grace (countable and uncountable, plural saving graces)

(theology) God's grace or blessing, enabling sinners to attain salvation.


Jezebel

/ˈd͡ʒɛzəˌbɛl/

Borrowed from Hebrew אִיזֶבֶל ('izével).

“I know if anyone called me a carrot-topped Jezebel, umbrage is the first thing I'd take. Who was Jezebel, by the way? The name seems familiar, but I can't place her.” “A character in the Old Testament, sir. A queen of Israel.” “Of course, yes. Be forgetting my own name next. Eaten by dogs, wasn't she?” “Yes, sir.” “Can't have been pleasant for her.” “No, sir.” “Still, that's the way the ball rolls.”

1960, P. G. Wodehouse, chapter XI, in Jeeves in the Offing:

(biblical) The Phoenician princess and Queen of Ancient Israel who appears in the Old Testament (1 Kings & 2 Kings). She incited heresy and lured the Jews away from their God and back to idols.


groundling

From ground + -ling. Compare Old English grundling (“a groundling fish, grundel”).

cog

It is not good for the groundling to be alone I will make for it a help as its counterpart (2.18).

1993, Athalya Brenner-Idan, Feminist Companion to Genesis, →ISBN, page 47:

The two of them were naked, the groundling and his woman, they were not ashamed.

2010, Margaret Hebblethwaite, Opening the Scriptures: Faith Throughout the Year, →ISBN, page 16:

It isn't until three chapters later that this groundling receives a name—Adam; at that point, the groundling is no longer referred to as “it” in the text, but becomes “him.”

2014, Megan McKenna, Leave Her Alone, →ISBN:

(Abrahamic religions) Adam, before eating the apple of knowledge of good and evil (emphasizing his creation from the ground).


coadjutor

/kəʊəˈd͡ʒuːtə/

/kəʊˈæd͡ʒʊtə/

From Old French coadjutor, borrowed from Late Latin coadiūtōrem.

When old age rendered any Bishop unable to perform his duties, the first example of which occurs AD 211, when Alexander became coadjutor to Narcissus at Jerusalem

1842, John Henry Newman, The Ecclesiastical History of M. L'abbé Fleury:

August then appointed Prince George III of Anhalt (who was both a theologian and a priest as well as a prince) to be his coadjutor in spiritual matters.

2005, James Martin Estes, Peace, Order and the Glory of God:

(ecclesiastical) An assistant to a bishop.


Javan

From Hebrew יוון / יָוָן (yaván), identified with Greece.

he-m

יוון / יָוָן (yaván)


cosmological argument

en-noun

cosmological argument (plural cosmological arguments)

(theology, philosophy) A type of argument for the existence of God arguing that since every thing and event that begins at a point in time has a cause, there must be an uncaused first cause.


divine polity

divine polity (usually uncountable, plural divine polities)

But it cannot be expected that the Clergy […] should upon this Revolution by contented to cry peccavi [I have sinned], and openly recant all their former Doctrines of Divine Polity by a hearty active Conformity to your Majesty’s rightful Title and Government.

1698, William Stephens, “A Letter to his most excellent Majesty King William III. […]”, in A Collection of State Tracts, Published During the Reign of King William III, volume 2, published 1706, page 634:

The Divine polity, under which they had hitherto lived, was distasteful to the carnal affections of man: they reject the Lord God of Israel, and exclaim, “Nay, but set a king over us.”

1849, Alfred J. Carver, The Divine Attribute of Mercy as Deduced from the Old Testament, published 1851, page 49:

Let them affirm their unyielding determination to stand, firmly and unreservedly, for the way of Bahá’u’lláh, to avoid the entanglements and bickerings inseparable from the pursuits of the politician, and to become worthy agencies of the Divine Polity which incarnates God’s immutable Purpose for all men.

1936 March 11, Shoghi Effendi, “The Divine Polity”, in The World Order of Bahá’u’lláh: Selected Letters, published 1991, →ISBN, page 65:

(chiefly Christianity, theology) A government or system of governance (especially of a church) said to be instituted by God.


Divine Providence

(theology) The sovereignty, superintendence, or agency of God over events in people's lives and throughout history.


desacralize

en-verb

desacralize (third-person singular simple present desacralizes, present participle desacralizing, simple past and past participle desacralized)

desacralizes (present singular third-person)
desacralizing (participle present)
desacralized (participle past)
desacralized (past)

If whiteness bespoke purity and godliness, then poor white trash implied an ungodly, desacralized, polluted whiteness.

2006, Matt Wray, Not Quite White, page 47:

Still, certain programmatic commitments [of avant-garde art] can be identified: championing the volatile eventness of corporeal performances, […] consciously embracing the desacralizing and subversive, and disrupting conventional norms by placing the strange and unexpected in otherwise banal places.

2013, Isher-Paul Sahni, “More than Horseplay”, in Studies in Popular Culture, volume 35, page 74:

(religion, transitive) To remove the sacredness of.


Druze

(religion) A secretive religious community based mainly in the Middle East, specifically Lebanon, Syria, and Israel.


sacralize

sacralize (third-person singular simple present sacralizes, present participle sacralizing, simple past and past participle sacralized)

sacralizes (present singular third-person)
sacralizing (participle present)
sacralized (participle past)
sacralized (past)

Bishop Daniel Flores of the Brownsville Diocese in Texas recently wrote on Twitter that Americans “sacralize death’s instruments, and then are surprised that death uses them.” [...] Bishop Flores told the Catholic website The Pillar, “[...] To say something is sacralized is to say it’s almost taken out of any possibility for conversation.”

2022 June 6, Patrick Jonsson, Noah Robertson, “Has the gun become a sacred object in America?”, in The Christian Science Monitor:


presentment

en-noun

presentment (countable and uncountable, plural presentments)

From Anglo-Norman presentment, presentement, Middle French presentement, corresponding to present + -ment.

He recognised that there was general resentment of the oppressive conduct of the Forest officers, and made provision for regular inquiries into it, and for presentment of Forest offences to be made at the attachment courts, as a procedure preliminary to the Forest Eyre.

1991, Raymond Grant, The Royal Forests of England, Alan Sutton:

(ecclesiastical law) A formal complaint submitted to a bishop or archdeacon.


blameshift

en-verb

blameshift (third-person singular simple present blameshifts, present participle blameshifting, simple past and past participle blameshifted)

blameshifts (present singular third-person)
blameshifting (participle present)
blameshifted (participle past)
blameshifted (past)

(biblical) To blame another for one's own wrong-doing. Blameshifting can be caused by pointing the finger at another when trying to save one's own skin.


Rebekah

From Hebrew רִבְקָה (Riḇqāh, “enchantingly beautiful, captivating, snare”).

bor

And Isaac was fortie yeeres old when hee tooke Rebekah to wife, the daughter of Bethuel the Syrian of Padan Aram, the ſiſter to Laban the Syrian.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 25:20:

(biblical) The sister of Laban; Isaac's wife; the mother of Jacob and Esau.


two-spirit

Paul's grasp of the Spirit as the sign of the erupting messianic age is at odds with the two-spirit thought of Qumran which never became incompatible with law observance.

1957, The Harvard Divinity School Bulletin, Harvard University Press, page 133:

(theology) Involving two spirits; especially, pertaining to the doctrine of dualism espoused in the so-called Treatise on the Two Spirits in the Dead Sea Scrolls.

«с двумя́ ду́шами»

involving two spirits; pertaining to the doctrine of dualism


paho

(religion) A sacred prayer stick in the Hopi religion.


endura

From New Latin endūra, from Old Occitan endurar (“to fast, endure”).

There was a particularly horrible travesty of extreme unction called the ‘endura’.

1942, Rebecca West, Black Lamb and Grey Falcon, Canongate, published 2006, page 173:

Guillemette was consoled by the Good Men and went through the endura, the Cathars' purifying death-fast.

2000, René Weis, The Yellow Cross, Penguin, published 2001, page 60:

(ecclesiastical history) A fast or series of privations undertaken by the Cathars to purify the soul, often resulting in death.


Shem

From Ancient Greek Σήμ (Sḗm), from Hebrew שם (Šēm).

(biblical) The oldest son of Noah, brother to Ham and Japheth.


Japheth

Aelfric of Eynsham
James Tissot
Wycliffe's Bible

From Middle English Jafeth (as attested in Wycliffe's Bible), from Old English Iafeth (see e.g. Aelfric of Eynsham) and Middle French Japhet, both from Late Latin Iaphet, Iafeth, from Koine Greek Ἰάφεθ (Iápheth), from Hebrew יֶפֶת (yépheth). Further origin uncertain; folk etymology as well as rabbinical and patristic claims usually point to a meaning like "enlarged", in reference to Genesis 9:27, or "fair" (pale, in reference to complexion).

To the sons of Japheth; Spain, France, Greece, Germany, Asia Minor, Circassia, and Europe in general...Gomer: his numerous descendants spread themselves over a considerable part of Asia Minor, and the north of Europe.

1856, Sir John Stoddart, The student's handbook of ancient history: from the earliest records to the fall of the western empire, page 6:

The name Japheth (Yahpheth) the extender, or fair, has also been given by one who knows the character from the beginning. Japheth's posterity was to be fair, and spread over the world. Two derivations are given to the name...

1897, Jonathan Perkins Weethee, The Eastern Question, in Its Various Phases: Egyptian, British, Russian, Ottoman, Hebrew, American, and Messianic, page 164:

The Septuagint (LXX) Greek was considered by the rabbis as the only language capable of serving as a translation of the Hebrew...In rabbinic interpretation, Japheth represented the Greeks, Shem the Hebrews.

2004, Charles Kannengiesser, Handbook of patristic exegesis: the Bible in ancient Christianity, →ISBN:

Now, in 1620, the Orthodox group took advantage of a visit by the Patriarch of Jerusalem, Theophanes, who in October of that year [said] of the Cossacks: "We all know about the Cossacks, that these chivalrous men are of our race, are of our kin, and are true Orthodox Christians...They are the descendants of the glorious Rus', of the seed of Japheth who fought Byzantine Greece on land and on sea."

2010, Paul Robert Magocsi, A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples, Second Edition, University of Toronto Press, →ISBN, page 202:

(biblical) The third son of Noah, brother to Shem and Ham, who received a blessing from God with Shem, considered to be the ancestor of the Japhetic people(s) (associated approx. with Indo-Europeans).


Enoch

From Late Latin Enoch, from Ancient Greek Ἑνώχ (Henṓkh), from Hebrew חֲנוֹךְ (Ḥănôḵ).

der

Hebrew חֲנוֹךְ (Ḥănôḵ)

Enoch was the son of Jared, and was Noah’s great grandfather.

And Enoch walked with God: and he was not; for God took him.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 5:24:

(biblical) In the Bible, one of the few people recorded as being taken by God before death.

And Cain knew his wife; and she conceived, and bare Enoch: and he builded a city, and called the name of the city, after the name of his son, Enoch.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 4:17:


Melchizedek

From Hebrew מַלְכִּי־צֶדֶק (malkî-ṣed̠eq). The name literally means “righteousness is my king”.

uder

מַלְכִּי־צֶדֶק

Hebrew מַלְכִּי־צֶדֶק (malkî-ṣed̠eq)

And Melchizedek king of Salem brought forth bread and wine: and he was the priest of the most high God.

1611, King James Version of the Bible, Genesis 14:18:

(biblical) A king and priest mentioned in the book of Genesis; contemporary of Abraham.


Tabitha

From Aramaic טביתא (Ṭabītā’, “doe, roe, gazelle”), translated as Dorcas in the Bible.

Now there was at Ioppa a certain disciple, named Tabitha, which by interpretation is called Dorcas: This woman was full of good works, and almes deeds, which she did.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 9:36:

(biblical) A woman who was, according to the Bible, restored to life by Peter.


federalist

/ˈfɛdəɹəlˌɪst/


faqih

Ayatollah Muntazeri, in contrast to Ayatollah Khomeini, states that the argument that the faqih or fuqaha (plural of faqih) are responsible for the establishment and running of the government at the time of occulation does not have a strong base in Islamic sources and cannot withstand a vigorous examination.⁶⁰

1997, Jamal S. Suwaidi, Iran and the Gulf: A Search for Stability, I.B.Tauris Publishers, →ISBN, page 35:


scandal of particularity

Calque of German Ärgernis der Einmaligkeit

calque

1994: A materialism […] was supposed to be what science favoured: and the ‘scandal of particularity’, God becoming incarnate in Christ in human history, was indeed regarded as a scandal — that is, absurd — by contemporary intellectuals. — Richard Swinburne, Reason and the Christian Religion (Oxford 1994, p. 1)

2006: Reformed theologians look to the scandal of particularity as a way of naming how the unknowable God is known to us. — Cynthia L Rigby, ‘Scandalous Presence’, Feminist and Womanist Essays in Reformed Dogmatics (John Knox 2006, p. 59)

(theology) The paradox inherent in the idea of a particular individual human (Jesus of Nazareth) incarnating the eternal divine God.


Olympian

From Late Middle English Olympyan, from Latin Olympius (“of or relating to Mount Olympus”) and its etymon Ancient Greek Ὀλῠ́μπῐος (Olúmpios, “of or relating to Mount Olympus; living on Mount Olympus; Olympian”) + English -an (suffix forming adjectives meaning ‘of or pertaining to’, or forming agent nouns). Ὀλῠ́μπῐος (Olúmpios) is derived from Ὄλῠμπος (Ólumpos, “Mount Olympus”) (from Pre-Greek) + -ῐος (-ios, suffix forming adjectives meaning ‘of or pertaining to’).

affix

(philosophy and theology) In the Platonist theology of Plethon, a god in one group of supercelestial gods, the other group of such gods being the Tartareans or Titans.


noble eightfold path

(Buddhism) The path to the end of suffering, involving eight steps: Right View, Right Intention, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness and Right Concentration.


propitiation

en-noun

propitiation (countable and uncountable, plural propitiations)

From Latin propitiātiō. By surface analysis, propitiate + -ion.

(theology) The death of Christ as a basis for the forgiveness of sin.


potter's clay

potter's clay (countable and uncountable, plural potter's clays)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-potter's clay.wav

I am the potter’s clay.

We are but potter’s clay.

(idiomatic, biblical) A person or people created and shaped by God.

And whereas thou sawest the feet and toes, part of potters’ clay, and part of iron, the kingdom shall be divided.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Daniel 2:41:

In that you saw the feet and toes, partly of potter’s clay and partly of iron, it will be a divided kingdom.

1971. Old Testament, NASB Version, Daniel 2:41

(idiomatic, biblical) A nation or kingdom.


broken vessel

From Old Testament symbolism that people are like clay vessels.

I am forgotten as a dead man out of mind; I am like a broken vessel.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms 31:12:

I am a broken vessel, Lord
rubble where a soul should be.

2000. Jill Alexander Essbaum, Kenosis (poem). Published in Heaven, University Press of New England, p. 48:http://books.google.com/books?id=vDQpQ8AzLPAC&pg=PA48&lpg=PA48&dq=%22i+am+a+broken+vessel%22&source=web&ots=ZTM7SmiZUK&sig=sfLc4PEUu7-tAY4q63i8dIofxsE#PPA48,M1

2005. Kara Williamson, quote in Undisguised, the new project by singer/songwriter Kara Williamson, Your Guide to Christian Music, Gospel, Feb 4 2005.https://web.archive.org/web/20060529091348/http://christianmusic.about.com/od/upcomingreleases/a/aakaraWundisg.htm
I’m a broken vessel—thankfully, God uses broken vessels.

(idiomatic, biblical) A person who is destroyed or forgotten, or who feels flawed or broken.


Eli

From Hebrew עֵלִי (“ascent”); cognate to the Arabic-derived Ali.

(biblical) The priest who brought up Samuel.


Lois

From Ancient Greek Λωΐς (Lōḯs), of obscure meaning. Unrelated to Louise or Louisa.

When I call to remembrance the unfeigned faith that is in thee, which dwelt first in thy grandmother Lois, and thy mother Eunice; and I am persuaded that in thee also.

(biblical) The grandmother of Timothy who is mentioned in an epistle to him.


archepiscopal

A deep snow was falling; and the wind which drove it heavily against the casements of the archepiscopal palace was roaring in the wide chimney,[…].

1847, Julia Perdoe, Louis the Fourteenth: And the Court of France in the Seventeenth Century, volume 3, page 167:

Important pieces of evidence point to the intensified activities of the archepiscopal curia's criminal forum.

1996, Michele Mancino, “5: Ecclesiastical Justice and the Counter-Reformation: Notes on the Diocesan Criminal Court of Naples”, in Eric Arthur Johnson, Eric H. Monkkonen, editors, The Civilization of Crime: Violence in Town and Country Since the Middle Ages, page 131:

Johannes Magnus, Brask's protégé, won the archepiscopal sweepstakes at the expense of Master Knut, Sunnanväder's candidate.

2010, James L. Larson, Reforming the North: The Kingdoms and Churches of Scandinavia, 1520–1545, page 177:

(ecclesiastical) Of or pertaining to an archbishop or an archbishopric.


epikeia

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐπιείκεια (epieíkeia, “reasonableness”).

bor

(philosophy, theology) The principle in ethics that a law can be broken to achieve a greater good.


lustration

en-noun

lustration (countable and uncountable, plural lustrations)

It will be remembered, that this beautiful Island was sacred to the ancient Greeks, from having been the birth-place of Apollo and Diana. None were born or died there—the mothers and the dying were carried to the neighbouring islet of Rhane. Solemn expeditions, with much priestly pomp, were frequently made from Athens to enforce this ordinance, particularly to propitiate the Gods in time of public calamity. Our era refers to the celebrated lustration, at the time of the Peloponnesian war, during the plague of Athens.

1830, Felicia Hemans, A Song of Delos, footnote, from The Winter's Wreath, 1831, page 49:

(religion) A rite of purification, especially washing.

пречистване

a rite of purification, especially washing


indeterminism

indeterminism (countable and uncountable, plural indeterminisms)

Borrowed from French indéterminisme, equivalent to in- + determinism.

(ethics, religion, uncountable) The doctrine that all human actions are not so much determined by the preceding events, conditions, causes or karma as by deliberate choice or free will.


Naphtali

From Biblical Hebrew נַפְתָּלִי (naftalí), a son of Jacob. Compare Arabic نافس (“to compete with”).

(biblical) Sixth son of Jacob, by his wife's handmaid Bilhah.

(biblical) One of the Israelite tribes, descended from Naphtali.


Edomite

[ˈiɾɪ̈mʌɪ̯t̚]

And these are the generations of Esau the father of the Edomites in Mount Seir.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 36:9:

(biblical) A person descended from Esau (Edom).


Laban

From Middle English Laban, from Latin Laban, from Koine Greek Λάβαν (Lában), from Biblical Hebrew לָבָן (Lāḇān).

And Isaac was forty years old when he took Rebekah to wife, the daughter of Bethuel the Syrian of Padan-aram, the sister to Laban the Syrian.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 25:20:

(biblical) The brother of Rebekah and uncle of Jacob and Esau.


Bilhah

Now the sons of Jacob were twelve: The sons of Leah; Reuben, Jacob's firstborn, and Simeon, and Levi, and Judah, and Issachar, and Zebulun: The sons of Rachel; Joseph, and Benjamin: And the sons of Bilhah, Rachel's handmaid; Dan, and Naphtali: And the sons of Zilpah, Leah's handmaid; Gad, and Asher: these are the sons of Jacob, which were born to him in Padan-aram.

1611, King James Version of the Bible, Genesis 35:22b-26:

(biblical) A handmaid of Rachel and mother of Dan and Naphtali.


Zilpah

Now the sons of Jacob were twelve: ²³ The sons of Leah; Reuben, Jacob's firstborn, and Simeon, and Levi, and Judah, and Issachar, and Zebulun: ²⁴ The sons of Rachel; Joseph, and Benjamin: ²⁵ And the sons of Bilhah, Rachel's handmaid; Dan, and Naphtali: ²⁶ And the sons of Zilpah, Leah's handmaid; Gad, and Asher: these are the sons of Jacob, which were born to him in Padan-aram.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 35:22-26:

(biblical) Handmaid of Leah and mother of Gad and Asher.


Zebulun

Old Testament Hebrew זְבֻלוּן (zebulun), a son of Jacob.

(biblical) Tenth son of Jacob, by his wife Leah.

(biblical) One of the Israelite tribes, descended from Zebulun.


Asher

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 35:22b-26::

(biblical) The eighth son of Jacob, by his wife's handmaid Zilpah.

And out of the tribe of Asher, Mishal with her suburbs, Abdon with her suburbs,

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Joshua 21:30:

(biblical) One of the Israelite tribes, descended from Asher.


Issachar

/ˈɪ.səˌkɑː(ɹ)/

From Biblical Hebrew יִשָּׂשׁכָר (“Issachar”), a son of Jacob.

der

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 35:22b-26:

And out of the tribe of Issachar, Kishon with her suburbs, Dabareh with her suburbs,

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Joshua 21:28:

(biblical) Ninth son of Jacob, by his wife Leah.

(biblical) One of the Israelite tribes, descended from Issachar.


Simeon

From Middle English Simeon, from Latin Simeon, from Ancient Greek Σῠμεών (Sumeṓn), from Biblical Hebrew שִׁמְעוֹן (šimʿôn, “hearkening, listening”), originally referring to Simeon, a son of Jacob. Doublet of Simon.

Now the ſonnes of Iacob were twelue. 23 The ſonnes of Leah: Reuben Iacobs firſt borne, and Simeon, and Leui, and Iudah, and Iſſachar, and Zebulun. 24 The ſonnes of Rachel: Ioſeph, and Beniamin. 25 And the ſonnes of Bilhah, Rachels handmaid: Dan and Naphtali. 26 And the ſonnes of Zilpah, Leahs handmaid: Gad, and Aſher. Theſe are the ſonnes of Iacob, which were borne to him in Padan Aram.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 35:22–26, column 2:

(biblical) Second son of Jacob, by his wife Leah.

And the ſecond lot came foorth to Simeon, euen for the tribe of the children of Simeon according to their families: and their inheritance was within the inheritance of the children of Iudah.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Joshua 19:1, column 2:

(biblical) One of the Israelite tribes, descended from Simeon.


Gilead

Is there no balme in Gilead? is there no physician there? why then is not the health of the daughter of my people recouered?

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Jeremiah 8:22:

Is there—is there balm in Gilead?—tell me—tell me, I implore!

1845 February, — Quarles [pseudonym; Edgar Allan Poe], “The Raven”, in The American Review, volume I, number II, New York, N.Y., London: Wiley & Putnam, […], →OCLC:

(biblical) A region east of the Jordan river.


Kharijite

en-noun

Kharijite (plural Kharijites or Khawarij)

From Arabic خَارِجِي (ḵārijī, “one who split off, one who departed”), from the root خ ر ج (ḵ-r-j).

bor

(Islam, historical) A member of a reactionary Islamic sect in the 7th and 8th centuries.

خَارِجِيّ

members of a reactionary Islamic sect in the 7th and 8th centuries


jnana

en-noun

jnana (countable and uncountable, plural jnanas)

/dʒəˈnɑː.nə/

From Sanskrit ज्ञान (jñāna, “knowledge”).

(Buddhism) Pure awareness that is free of conceptual encumbrances.


kalpa

From Sanskrit कल्प (kalpa, literally “formation”).

bor

(Hinduism, Buddhism) A period of 4.32 billion years (1000 chatur-yugas or cycles of the four yugas).


NWT

w:New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures

(biblical) Initialism of New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures.


muni

Disguising himself, he ventured into the countryside, where he spied a muni meditating beneath a plane tree.

1980, Gene Wolfe, chapter XVII, in The Shadow of the Torturer (The Book of the New Sun; 1), New York: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 158:

(Jainism, Buddhism) A holy man; a sage or ascetic.


Caspar

A name given to one of the Magi in Western church tradition, from Biblical Hebrew גִּזְבָּר (gizbar), ultimately from Old Median *ganǰabarah; see it for more. Compare Hatran Aramaic 𐣢𐣦𐣡𐣣𐣩 (gzbry /Gazzabray/, “a given name”), also from Iranian.


Jada

(biblical) A male given name, David's second cousin five times removed according to 1 Chronicles 2.


kufr

From Arabic كُفْر (kufr), from the root ك ف ر (k-f-r).


metta

(Buddhism) Lovingkindness or compassion, especially if developed through meditation or mindfulness.


particularity

en-noun

particularity (countable and uncountable, plural particularities)

From Middle French particularité (“part of a whole; something particular, particularity”) (modern French particularité), and from its etymon Late Latin particularitas (“fact or quality of being particular; something particular, particularity”), from Latin particulāris (“particular; partial”) + -tās (suffix forming feminine abstract nouns indicating a state of being). Particulāris is derived from particula (“particle, small part”) (from pars (“a part, piece, portion, share”) (probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to sell; to go through; to carry forth, fare”)) + -cula (diminutive suffix)) + -āris (suffix denoting a relationship, forming adjectives). The English word is analysable as particular + -ity (suffix forming nouns from adjectives, referring to the properties, qualities, or states of what is denoted by the adjectives).

suffix

The condition of being particular rather than general or universal; specificity.

(Christianity, theology) The doctrine of the incarnation of God as Jesus occurring at a particular place and time.

partikularismi

(Christianity, Judaism, theology, obsolete) Synonym of particularism (“the principle that only certain people are chosen by God for salvation”)


zen

From Zen. In more general use, popularized by Eugen Herrigel's 1948 Zen in the Art of Archery and Robert M. Pirsig's 1974 Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance.

(religion) Synonym of enlightenment, particularly the kind acquired through Zen meditation.


zen

en-adj

zen (comparative more zen, superlative most zen)

more zen (comparative)
most zen (superlative)

Greggs: You hung over? Just sayin', you look like shit.
Moreland: You know what you need at a crime scene?
Greggs: Rubber glove?
Moreland: Soft eyes.
Greggs: Like I'm s'posed to cry an' shit?
Moreland: You got soft eyes, you can see the whole thing. You got hard eyes? You starin' at the same tree, missin' the forest.
Greggs: Ah. Zen shit.
Moreland: Soft eyes, grasshopper.

2006 Oct. 1, Dennis Lehane, "Refugees", The Wire, 00:37:10

(religion) Alternative letter-case form of Zen: of or related to Zen Buddhism, particularly its focus on indirect teaching of wisdom through riddles and stories.


heathendom

en-noun

heathendom (usually uncountable, plural heathendoms)

From Middle English hæthendom, from Old English hǣþendōm; equivalent to heathen + -dom. OED records a single attestation in the period between 1230 and 1840, a (nonce?) occurrence in J. Law, Proposals and reasons for constituting a council of trade in Scotland (1701, p. 233). Otherwise replaced by Middle English hethenesse in the later Middle English period and heathenism in the 17th and 18th centuries. Cognate with Dutch heidendom, Old High German heidentuom (German Heidentum), Old Norse heiðindómr (Swedish hedendom).

Ziegenbalg mentioned some major forms of heathendom (African, American, old European)[…]

2011, Urs App, The Birth of Orientalism, page 102:

(Germanic paganism, sometimes capitalized) The collection of people who follow Heathenry, a modern pagan faith inspired by the pre-Abrahamic religions of Germanic tribes, Anglo-Saxons and Norse peoples.

heidendom

worldwide community that follows Heathenry


washing of feet

(religion) A ritual washing of churchgoers' feet by clergy practised by some Christians, especially associated with Maundy Thursday.


real presence

(theology) The actual presence of Christ's body and blood in the Eucharistic sacrament.


wuzu

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish [script needed] (vuzu).

bor+

1885: So they ceased to urge her; and the trader rose from amongst them and repaired to an out house to perform Wuzu ablution, and he purposed thereafter to return and to tell them his secret and to die. — Sir Richard Burton, The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night, vol. 1

(Islam) Alternative form of wudu (“the minor ablution in Islam”)


ecclesiarchy

(religion, politics) A government ruled by or in conjunction with a religion; a church-state.


commendam

(religion, obsolete) A vacant benefice commended to a cleric until an incumbent was provided.


postulant

From French postulant, present participle of postuler.

After their six-month postulancies are over and they have mastered all the chants and books of monastic regulations, the postulants are finally ready to ordain as novice monks […]

2020, Robert E. Buswell Jr., The Zen Monastic Experience, page 81:

(religion) A person seeking admission to a religious order.


credobaptist

(religion) One who holds that baptism should only be performed on those who have professed faith in the Christian religion and understand the significance of the rite.


Pascal's wager

After French theologian Blaise Pascal, who formulated the wager.

In the unlikely event of losing Pascal's Wager, I intend to saunter in to Judgement Day with a bookshelf full of grievances, a flaming sword of my own devising, and a serious attitude problem.

1997 October 11, Rick Moen, “TAN: Mormons”, in rec.arts.sf.written.robert-jordan (Usenet), message-ID <61ohd0$sgr@myrddin.imat.com>:

I have always considered "Pascal's Wager" a questionable bet to place, since any God worth believing in would prefer an honest agnostic to a calculating hypocrite.

2001 October 17, Alan Dershowitz, Letters to a Young Lawyer, New York: Basic Books, →ISBN, →OL, page 194:

Moreover, since we have now reached an extreme point in the development of consciousness, and know our own selves through and through, no 'ultimate self-doubt' remains which would allow us to ruse with death – as when, in Pascal's wager, it is the doubt about the afterlife which determines the choice.

2012, Paul de Man, “Mallarmé (1960)”, in Martin McQuillan, editor, The Post-Romantic Predicament, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, →ISBN, part II (Igitur), page 73:

(religion) An argument for theism (and specifically Christianity, according to the writer) maintaining that belief in the divine ensures happiness in this life and offers the possibility of eternal happiness (should God or divine beings exist), whereas atheism, even if it brings happiness in this life, offers no hope of eternal happiness and carries the risk of eternal damnation.


mindfulness

en-noun

mindfulness (countable and uncountable, plural mindfulnesses)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-mindfulness.wav

(Buddhism, psychology) Paying attention on purpose, in the present moment, and non-judgementally.

正念

paying attention on purpose in the present moment


meaning of life

The meaning of life here on earth might be defined as consisting in this: To unfold your self, to work what thing you have the faculty for. It is a necessity for the human being, the first law of our existence.

1840 May 22, Thomas Carlyle, “Lecture VI. The Hero as King. Cromwell, Napoleon: Modern Revolutionism.”, in On Heroes, Hero-Worship and The Heroic in History, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1840, →OCLC, page 207:

I asked myself if this were the meaning of life—to be a work-beast? I knew of no horse in the city of Oakland that worked the hours I worked.

1913 August, Jack London, chapter VII, in John Barleycorn, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC, page 63:

But he was no nearer to the meaning of life than he had been before. Why the world was there and what men had come into existence for at all was as inexplicable as ever.

1915, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, chapter LIII, in Of Human Bondage, New York, N.Y.: George H[enry] Doran Company, →OCLC, page 274:

(philosophy, religion) A hypothetical answer to all of life's ultimate questions; the purpose or raison d'être of human life.

مَعْنَى اَلْحَيَاة

hypothetical answer to life’s ultimate questions


Asa

en-proper noun

Asa (countable and uncountable, plural Asas)

Via Late Latin Asa from Koine Greek Ἀσά (Asá) from Biblical Hebrew אָסָא (ʾĀsāʾ), from Aramaic אָסְיָא (ʾāsyā, “physician, doctor, healer”), from Akkadian 𒀀𒍪 (A.ZU /asû/) from Sumerian 𒀀𒍪 (A.ZU /azu/, “physician, healer”); compare Classical Syriac ܐܵܣܝܵܐ (ʾāsyā, “healer, physician, medical doctor”) whence Arabic آسٍ (ʔāsin).

cog

And in the twentieth year of Jeroboam king of Israel reigned Asa over Judah. And forty and one years reigned he in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Maachah, the daughter of Abishalom. And Asa did that which was right in the eyes of the LORD, as did David his father.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Kings 15:9-11:

(biblical) The third king of Judah mentioned in the Books of Kings who succeeded his father Abijah; the father of King Jehoshaphat. (Matthew calls him "Asaph" in Matthew 1:7.)


eternal return

(cosmology, religion, philosophy) Eternal recurrence.


eternal recurrence

The concept dates from ancient times and was popularized by the philosopher Nietzsche (1844-1900).

(cosmology, religion, philosophy) The belief or theory that all the events in cosmic history repeat in an endless cycle.


lection

en-noun

lection (countable and uncountable, plural lections)

Borrowed from Old French lection, from Latin lēctiōnem, form of lēctiō, from legō (“I read, I gather”). Doublet of lesson.

This man […] came to dwell in our city, and here founded this holy house, and he hath edified us by his litanies and his lections of the Koran.

1885, Richard Burton, The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night, Night 13:

(ecclesiastical) A reading of a religious text; a lesson to be read in church etc.


Ebenezer

From Hebrew אֶבֶן הָעֵזֶר (éven ha`ézer, “stone of help”).

der

אֶבֶן הָעֵזֶר

Then Samuel tooke a ſtone, and ſet it betweene Mizpeh and Shen, and called the name of it Eben-Ezer, ſaying, Hitherto hath the Lord helped vs.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Samuel 7:12:

Here I raiſe my Eben-ezer,
Hither by thy Grace I'm come;
So I hope by thy good Pleaſure,
Shortly to arrive at Home:

1759, Robert Robinson, “Hymn I”, in A Collection of Hymns for the Use of the Church of Christ: Meeting in Angel-Alley, page 3:

(biblical) The stone memorial in Israel erected by Samuel.


Hesychast

From Medieval Latin hesychasta, from ecclesiastical Greek ἡσυχαστής (hēsukhastḗs), from ἡσυχάζειν (hēsukházein, “to be quiet”), from ἥσυχος (hḗsukhos, “quiet”).

(ecclesiastical history) A monk of the Orthodox Catholic Church that engages in noetic prayer.


smudging

One of the most common forms of purification is done with smoke, using some kind of smoking or smudging.

2002, Raven Kaldera, Tannin Schwartzstein, The Urban Primitive: Paganism in the Concrete Jungle, page 36:


Amalec

Via Late Latin Amālēc from Koine Greek Ἀμᾱλήκ (Amālḗk) from Biblical Hebrew עֲמָלֵק (ʾĂmālēq).

(biblical) The grandson of Esau through his eldest son, in the Hebrew Bible.


Moab

From Ancient Greek Μωάβ (Mōáb), from Biblical Hebrew מוֹאָב (môʾāḇ). Attested to as Moabite 𐤌𐤀𐤁 (mʾb) and Ancient Egyptian mwjbw N35A-M17-D58-G43-N25

(biblical) The son of Lot through his eldest daughter, in the Hebrew Bible.


nontrinitarianism

(theology) The religious belief that rejects the Christian concept of the trinity.