self religion

Werner Erhard, a former used-car salesman, founded his Erhard Seminar Training system (EST) in 1971. He drew upon many sources in the development of his philosophy including Zen Buddhism, Dale Carnegie's Positive Thinking, L. Ron Hubbard's Scientology and Jose Silva's Silva Mind Control. Erhard's seminars were at first 60-hour courses over two weeks designed to give insights into the meaning of life; his philosophy has been described as 'the most important of the self religions' that developed in the 1970s and 1980s.

1992 July 21, Ray Clancy, “Professionals fall prey to New Age gurus”, in The Times, United Kingdom:

Rupert (1992) discusses a range of cases where religious or philosophical ideas have been used to underpin business training seminars, including both movements which fall under the 'New Age' umbrella and the so-called 'self religions' such as the human potential movement, est, or Scientology.

2000, Peter Bernard Clarke, Japanese New Religions: In Global Perspective, Routledge, →ISBN, page 64:

New Age communities appear to be driven more by a concern for individual spiritual growth than by collective concerns. A majority focus on teaching the various techniques for improving the quality of one's life and greater effectiveness by kindling the divine spark within. Transcendental meditation, the Self-religions (see Self-religion, The Self, and self) including The Forum, formerly est, Insight, The Life Training, the Silva Method of Mind Control, based largely on New Thought, Mind Dynamics, an offshoot of Silva Mind Control fall into this category.

2005, Peter Clarke, Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements, Routledge, →ISBN, page 445:

Est is subsumed under 'other self-improvement groups'. The latter probably comprise groups for which Paul Heelas coined the term 'self-religions': groups which offer techniques and practices which encourage experience and perfection of the self (Heelas 1982; 1984; 1988).

2006, Elisabeth Arweck, Researching New Religious Movements: Responses and Redefinitions, Routledge, →ISBN, pages 171–172:

Paul Heelas, for example, includes a significant number of what he calls the 'self religions': groups like Landmark Forum (also known simply as The Forum, formerly est or Erhard Seminar Training) and Programmes Limited (formerly Exegesis).

2007, Daren Kemp, James R. Lewis, Handbook of New Age, Brill, →ISBN, page 6:

Paul Heelas, in his study of the New Age movement, includes firmly structured organizations such as the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), Osho and the so-called 'self religions' such as est (Erhard Seminar Training), among others.

2011, George D. Chryssides, Heaven's Gate: Postmodernity and Popular Culture in a Suicide Group, Ashgate, →ISBN, page 4:

(religion) A religious self-improvement group.


Dojin

(Japanese mythology, Shinto) A Japanese god of earth, land or soil.


Kajin

Borrowed from Japanese 火神 (かじん, Kajin, literally “fire god”).

bor

(Japanese mythology, Shinto) Kagutsuchi, the Japanese god of fire.

(Buddhism) Japanese translation for Agni.


Suijin

(Japanese mythology, Shinto) A Japanese god of water; another name for Ryūjin.


Tenjin

From Japanese 天神 (Tenjin), from 天 (tʰen, “Heaven”) + 神 (ʑiɪn, “deity”, “god”).

af

(Japanese mythology, Shinto) A Japanese god of the heavens; also the Shinto kami of scholarship.


Raijin

From Japanese 雷神 (Raijin), from Middle Chinese 雷 (luʌi, “thunder”) + 神 (ʑiɪn, “deity”, “spirit”).

(Japanese mythology, Shinto) The Japanese god of lightning, thunder and storms, along with Fūjin and Susanoo.


Fūjin

From Japanese 風神 (ふうじん Fūjin), from Middle Chinese 風 (MC pjuwng, “wind”) + 神 (ʑiɪn, “deity”, “spirit”).

(Japanese mythology, Shinto) The Japanese god of winds and storms, along with Raijin and Susanoo.


physis

en-noun

physis (countable and uncountable, plural physes)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek φύσις (phúsis).

(Ancient Greek philosophy and theology) Nature, as contrasted with law or custom.

physis

nature, as contrasted with law or custom


qari

Borrowed from Arabic قَارِئ (qāriʔ, “reader”).

(Islam) One who recites the Qur'an according to the tajwid, or proper rules of recitation.


Fiver

From five + -er (“supporter”) or + -er (occupational suffix).

The three major branches or sects are the Twelvers, Seveners, and Fivers.

1998, Emory C. Bogle, Islam: Origin and Belief, University of Texas Press, page 145:

Whereas the largest Shi’a branch, the ‘Twelvers’, strictly believe that there were only 12 visible imams, the ’Fivers’ have recognised many more imams throughout their history.

2007, Daniel McLaughlin, Yemen: The Bradt Travel Guide, Bradt, page 23:

(the Zaydis, or Fivers, were the first subset to break away from larger Shi’ism, and traditionally elected an imam from among the descendants of the Prophet Muhammad as their leader).

J. E. Peterson, Yemen on the precipice: Governing the ungovernable in 2013, Abbas Kadhim, Governance in the Middle East and North Africa: A Handbook, Routledge International Handbooks, page 306


pre-Abrahamic

(religion) Pertaining to the time before the arrival of Abrahamic religions.


Ōyamatsumi

Borrowed from Japanese 大山祇 (Ōyamatsumi, literally “great mountain god”).

bor

[…], this mountain was a cult site for the kami Ōmiwa Myōjin and Ōyamatsumi, and a shrine temple dedicated to these deities already existed there.

2003, Mark Teeuwen, Fabio Rambelli, Buddhas and Kami in Japan, RoutledgeCurzon, page 24:

When Saichō (767-822) established Enryakuji on Mount Hiei as his Tendai center he adopted the already enshrined kami of the cultic site, Ōmiwa Myōjin and Ōyamatsumi, as tutelary deities of the monastic center.

2008, Susan Zitterbart, Kumano Mandara: Portraits, Power, and Lineage in Medieval Japan, page 29:

[…], and ritually they create the world and beget Amaterasu, Susanoo, and Ōyamatsumi.

2009, Herman Ooms, Imperial Politics and Symbolics in Ancient Japan, University of Hawaiʻi Press, page 41:

(Japanese mythology, Shinto) A brother of Amaterasu, Tsukuyomi, Susanoo and Kagutsuchi, and an important kami in charge of the mountains and the sea. Sometimes also viewed as in charge of sake brewing and war.


Shinigami

/ˌʃɪn.ɪˈɡɑːmi/

(Japanese mythology, Shinto) The deity and/or personification of death. (Compare Izanami and Enma).


Hemerobaptist

(religion, historical) A member of an ancient religious group who repeated a baptismal (bathing) rite every day.


Hel

From Old Norse hel. Cognate with Old English hell (“hell”).

(religion, Norse mythology) The goddess of the realm of the unheroic dead, a daughter of Loki by the jotun Angrboða.

(religion, Norse mythology) The realm of the dead who did not die in combat, ruled by the goddess and located in Niflheim (one of the Nine Realms).


prayer wheel

(Buddhism) A rotating cylinder either inscribed with or containing prayers, mainly used by Tibetan Buddhists.


Eid al-Ghadeer

From Arabic عِيد الْغَدِير (ʕīd al-ḡadīr, literally “feast of the pond”).

عِيد الْغَدِير

(Islam) An Islamic festival that marks the nomination of Ali as the successor of Mohammed.


sunnah

en-noun

sunnah (countable and uncountable, plural sunnahs)

Borrowed from Arabic سُنَّة (sunna, “habit, custom”).

(Islam) (An example of) Muhammad's way of life, as recorded in the hadiths, especially when viewed as a model for Muslims to emulate.


vexillolatry

Beginning when I was about twelve, I railed, silently, against having to begin school each day by reciting the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag, with right hand over heart, if you can imagine such shameless vexillolatry.

2000, Douglas Fethering, Travels by Night, →ISBN, pages 42–43:

(theology) The worship of a flag or flags.


agent general

From agent + general, after French agent général, Italian agente generale.

agent général

representative of organisation, country etc.

Appointed in 1780 to the position of agent-general of the clergy, he determined at once to make the most of the appointment.

1932, Duff Cooper, Talleyrand, Folio Society, published 2010, page 15:

(now rare) Someone acting as the representative of an organisation, country etc.

(historical, religion) An ecclesiastic elected to manage accounting and other matters for the Church of France.


lost soul

eksynyt sielu

a person lacking direction or motivation in life

"Well, I won't repeat my offer of a wife: it is as bad as offering Satan a lost soul."

1847, Emily Brontë, chapter 11, in Wuthering Heights:

St. Malo, seized with pity for the lost soul of the heathen, opens the mound and raises the dead to life.

1869, Charles Kingsley, chapter 11, in The Hermits:

(set phrase, religion) A soul that is destined to go to hell; a person possessing such a soul.


satispassion

From Latin satispassiō, a compound of satis (“enough”) and passio (“suffering, or sufferance”). Compare passion.

This, this is the great "with us;" […] "with us" in all the virtues and merits of His life; "with us" in the satisfaction and satispassion (both) of His death; […]

1615 January 4 (Gregorian calendar), Lancelot Andrewes, “A Sermon Preached before the King’s Majesty, at Whitehall, on Sunday, the Twenty-fifth of December, A.D. MDCXIV. being Christmas-Day”, in J[ohn] P[osthumous] W[ilson], editor, Ninety-six Sermons […], volume I, Oxford, Oxfordshire: John Henry Parker, published 1841, →OCLC, page 147:

He muſt pay to Gods juſtice the temporal Puniſhment which he ows, and this is don either by Satispaſsion ſuffering the pains of Purgatorie for a certain time; or by the ſuffrages and penal works of the Living which they apply to him; or by Indulgence, applying from the treaſure of the Church, that’s of the ſuperabundant Satisfaction of Chriſt and his Saints, as much as will anſwer to the pains which they are to ſuffer there.

1678, Ignatius Brown, An Vnerrable Church or None, Being a Rejoynder to the Vnerring, Vnerrable Church: Againſt Dʳ Andrew Sall’s Repley entituled The Catholic Apoſtolic Church of England. Written by J. S. and dedicated to the moſt illuſtrious Prince, James Duke of Ormond, &c., chapter XX: “Purgatorie and Indulgences”, page 311

This [reparation for sin] may be made…by satispassion, or sufferings simply endured.

1890, Walter John Bruce Richards, A Catechism on Indulgences, Burns & Oates, page 8

Like His satispassion, so His satisfaction embraces the whole earthly career of the Saviour.

1897, A Catholic Dictionary, 5th edition, Redemption:

(theology) Atonement by suffering to an adequate degree.

satispassiō

atonement by suffering to an adequate degree


actual sin

(theology) Sin committed by an individual, in contradistinction to original sin.


Tijani

(Islam) A member of the Tijaniyyah, a subgroup of Sufi Muslims.


Mevlevi

(Islam) A Sufi Muslim who styles themselves after the Sufi mystic Rumi.


Qadiani

en-adj

Qadiani (comparative more Qadiani, superlative most Qadiani)

more Qadiani (comparative)
most Qadiani (superlative)

From Urdu قادیانی (qādiyānī); which means "of Qadian" from Qadian, a town in Punjab, India; the location in which the movement began.

(Islam, derogatory) Belonging to the Ahmadiyya movement.


Qadiani

(Islam) A follower of the Ahmadiyya movement.


Chishti

From Classical Persian چشتی (cištī); which means "of Chisht" from Chisht, a town in Herat, Afghanistan; the location in which the order began.

(Islam) A member of a major Sunni spiritual order of Sufism.


Jerem.

Compare Zephan. i. 4, 5. 9. with Jerem. ii. 5. 20. 32.

1826, George Townsend (editor), The Old Testament: Arranged in Historical & Chronological Order II (second edition), Sixth Period, chapter xvi, page 445


2 Joh.

2 Joh. ver. 3. Grace be with you, Mercy and Peace from God the Father, and from the Lord Jeſus Chriſt, the Son of the Father.

1722, Francis Fox, editor, The New Teſtament, with References under the Text in Words at length; ſo that the parallel Texts may be ſeen at one View, volume II (second edition, 1748), Romans I.7, page 593, footnote m, column 1, lines 14-17:

(biblical, rare) Abbreviation of 2 John.


Joh.

Luk. 10. 5. Into whatſoever Houſe ye enter, firſt ſay, Peace be to this Houſe. Joh. 14. 27. Peace I leave with you, my Peace I give unto you. Joh. 20. 19. — The firſt Day of the Week, — came Jeſus, and ſtood in the midſt, and ſaith unto them, Peace be unto you.

1722, Francis Fox, editor, The New Teſtament, with References under the Text in Words at length; ſo that the parallel Texts may be ſeen at one View, volume II (second edition, 1748), Romans I.7, page 593, footnote n, column 1, lines 20-28:

(biblical, rare) Abbreviation of John (Gospel of John).


Luc.

Probably abbreviating the Latin Lūcās (“Luke the Evangelist; by extension, [Gospel of] Luke”).

uder

Luke the Evangelist; by extension, 􂀿Gospel of􂁀 Luke

ἄβυσσος Luc. 8, 31. Rom. 10, 7. Apoc. 9, 1. 2. 11. 11, 7. 17, 8. 20, 1. 3.

1837, Edward Cardwell, Ἡ Καινή Διαθήκη – The New Testament in Greek and English; with a Marginal Harmony, References to Parallel Passages, a Concordance of Words, and a Graduated Collection of Various Readings, volume II: The Epistles and the Apocalypse, Oxford University Press, concordance of words, “ἄβυσσος”

(rare biblical abbreviation) Luke (Gospel of Luke)


Matth.

A convergent abbreviation of the English Matthew and of its Latin equivalent Matthaeus.

“Augustine observes how those who are addressed here as ‘being evil,’ are the very same into whose mouths but just now the Lord has put that word, ‘Our Father;’ to whom he has made the promise ‘Ask and it shall be given you;’ so that every faithful, i. e., believing man, has a double aspect, he is ‘evil’ through his old nature, he is good through participation with him who is the highest good, who is in some sense the alone good (Matth. xix. 17), the good in himself, and altogether good, while others are good through him, and only as they are sharers of his life.[”]

1846, Richard Trench, Christ the Desire of All Nations, quoted in: John Brown, Discourses and Sayings of Our Lord Jesus Christ: Illustrated in a Series of Expositions (second edition, 1854), volume I, exposition iv: “The Sermon on the Mount”, note i: ‘Reference of the word πονηροὶ, Matth. vii. 11, Trench’, page 305

(biblical abbreviation) Matthew (Gospel of Matthew)


Zerubbabel

Borrowed from Hebrew זרובבל / זְרֻבָּבֶל (Zərubbāḇél).

he-m

זרובבל / זְרֻבָּבֶל (Zərubbāḇél)

(biblical) a governor of the Persian Province of Judah, who led the first group of Jews returned from the Babylonian Captivity.


iddah

(Islam) The period for which a woman must wait after the death of her spouse, or after a divorce, before she can remarry.


Palo

(religion) an Afro-Cuban syncretic religion.


Nikonian

(religion) A follower of the main current of the Russian Orthodox Church, which accepted the reforms undertaken during the reign of Patriarch Nikon.


Old Believer

(religion) Any of those who separated from the official Russian Orthodox Church after 1666 as a protest against the church reforms introduced by Patriarch Nikon between 1652 and 1666. They continue liturgical and ritual practices which predate the reforms.

старавер

believer in Russian Orthodoxy as it was before the church reforms


Five Pillars

(Islam) Five fundamental devotional practices of Islam, considered to be obligatory for all Muslims to follow; namely: declaration of faith in Allah (shahada), five daily prayers (salah), almsgiving (zakat), fasting (saum), and pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj).

五功

Five fundamental devotional duties of Islam


Seal of the Prophets

Calque of Arabic خَاتَم النَّبِيِّينَ (ḵātam an-nabiyyīna).

calque

خَاتَم النَّبِيِّينَ


mosque affiliation

en-noun

mosque affiliation (plural mosque affiliations)

(Islam) The Islamic denomination a Muslim has joined or supports.


peace be upon him

Calque of Arabic عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ (ʕalayhi s-salāmu, “peace be upon him”)

calque

عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ

Peace be upon him
Peace be upon him in Judaism

Jesus, peace be upon him, travelled to […]

(Islam) an honorific phrase used by Muslims after any mention in speech or print of holy persons

Таңара кинини алҕаатын уонна айхаллаатын

Guds frid och välsignelser vare med honom


unipersonalism

(theology) Belief in unipersonality of a deity.


takfirism

(Islam) The practice of excommunicating other Muslims.


Bohra

(Islam) A member of a particular Sevener Shi'ite denomination.


prajna

/ˈpɹɑːd͡ʒnə/

(Buddhism) Wisdom; understanding; insight.

ပညာ

(Buddhism) wisdom; understanding; insight


shintai

Borrowed from Japanese 神体(しんたい) (shintai).

(Shinto) A physical object (either natural or man-made) worshipped at or near Shinto shrines as a repository for spirits or kami.


prajnaparamita

Borrowed from Sanskrit प्रज्ञापारमिता (prajñāpāramitā).

bor

प्रज्ञापारमिता

(Buddhism) A central concept in Mahayana Buddhism, suggesting that all things appear as thoughtforms (conceptual constructs).


F.T.

(Islam) Initialism of Final Testament (Quran)


Farewell Sermon

Calque of Arabic خُطْبَة الْوَدَاع (ḵuṭba(t) al-wadāʕ)

calque

خُطْبَة الْوَدَاع

(Islam) A sermon given by Muhammad in 632 on Mount Arafat.


suppressive person

en-noun

suppressive person (plural suppressive persons or suppressive people)

suppressive persons (plural)
suppressive people (plural)

(Scientology) A person who is seen in Scientology as having an "antisocial" personality, due to leaving the Church or other causes.


People of the Book

Calque of Arabic أَهْل الْكِتَاب (ʔahl al-kitāb).

cal

أَهْل الْكِتَاب

(Islam) Non-Muslims who adhere to an Abrahamic religion.


salaam alaikum

Borrowed from Arabic السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ (as-salāmu ʕalaykum, “peace be upon you”). Doublet of shalom aleichem.

bor+

السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ

(Islam) A greeting said on meeting someone.

әссәләмәғәләйкүм

əssələməğələyküm


parikrama

en-noun

parikrama (countable and uncountable, plural parikramas)

(Buddhism, Hinduism) The circumambulation of a sacred place.


dawn prayer

Calque of Arabic صَلَاةُ الْفَجْرِ (ṣalātu l-fajri)

calque

صَلَاةُ الْفَجْرِ

Ayesha relates that the Holy Prophet never omitted four raka'as before the noon prayer and two raka'as before the dawn Prayer.

1975, Nawawi, Gardens of the Righteous, Page 198

The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) happened to pass by a person who was busy in praying while the (Fard of the) dawn prayer had commenced.

1990, Sahih Muslim, Being Traditions of the Sayings and Doings of the Prophet, book 4, number 1535

It is known with certainty that if someone prays one bowing of the dawn prayer before sunrise, and if someone prays one bowing of the afternoon prayer before sunset, then […]

2013, al-Shafii, The Epistle on Legal Theory, Page 239

(Islam) fajr, the first of the five daily prayers offered by practising Muslims.


connexionalism

Can it be said that here is an application of Methodism's concept of connexionalism to the embodiment of koinonia? That no indications in the dialogue point overtly in this direction does not rule out the possibility of it being in the Methodist mind and heart.

2008, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Koinonia and the Quest for an Ecumenical Ecclesiology:

(theology) The theological understanding and foundation of Methodist polity, as practised in the British Methodist Church, the American United Methodist Church, and many of the countries where Methodism was established by their missionaries.


evening prayer

– – has been set at two in the morning prayer, four in the midday prayer, four in the afternoon prayer, three in the sunset prayer, and four in the evening prayer.

2006, Vincent Cornell, Voices of Islam [5 Volumes], page 13:

(religion) Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see evening, prayer.


munafiq

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic مُنَافِق (munāfiq)

ubor

(Islam) A religious hypocrite, a person who professes to believe in something (especially Islam) but actually does not.


fasiq

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic فَاسِق (fāsiq), from فِسْق (fisq).

(Islam) An evil-doer, sinner; a person who violates Islamic law.


salaf

Borrowed from Arabic سَلَف (salaf, “predecessor”).

(Islam) One of the earliest Muslims, including Muhammad's companions and followers.


mobad

(religion) A Zoroastrian cleric of a particular rank, qualified to serve as celebrant priest at the Yasna ceremony and to train other priests.


murtad

Borrowed from Arabic مُرْتَدّ (murtadd).

(Islam, sometimes used derogatorily) An apostate from Islam.


mushrik

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic مُشْرِك (mušrik).

unadapted borrowing

And do not marry mushrik women until they believe, for a believing bondmaid is better than a mushrik woman, even though you may admire her.

1999, Yusuf Al-Qaradawi, quoting The Qur'an, translated by Kamal El-Helbawy, M. Moinuddin Siddiqui, Syed Shukry, and Ahmad Zaki Hammad, The Lawful and the Prohibited in Islam (Al-Halal Wal Haram Fil Islam), →ISBN:

A person can have committed shirk in their lifetime and still find forgiveness (especially by saying the Shahada and becoming a Muslim). The concept is that if one dies in this state (as a mushrik, an idolator, one who engages in and does not repent shirk), there is no forgiveness.

2013, James R. White, What Every Christian Needs to Know About the Qur'an, Baker Books, →ISBN:

(Islam) A person who rejects tawhid; an idolater, a polytheist.


iqama

(Islam) The second call to prayer, made immediately before Muslims pray.


mutawatir

Borrowed from Arabic مُتَواتِر (mutawātir, “successive”).

bor

(Islam, science of hadith) A large chain of narrations in the hadiths


Mihanere

Borrowed from Maori mihinare, from English missionary.

(New Zealand, archaic, religion) A convert to Christianity.


Farthest Mosque

Calque of Arabic الْمَسْجِد الْأَقْصَى (al-masjid al-ʔaqṣā)

calque

الْمَسْجِد الْأَقْصَى

(Islam) the Temple Mount (Al-Aqsa compound) in Jerusalem


Messian

That to Earth's utmost lands I may set forth / Thy grace supreme, in sending her, else lost, / Messiah, saviour from the yoke of Hell; / And prove the pure Messian scheme, a scheme / Not mortal man's, but all throughout Thine own.

1842, Simon Gray, Esq., The Messiad: Or, the Life, Death, Resurrection, and Exaltation of Messiah, the Prophet of the Nations, London: Longman, Brown, and Co., Book I, lines 39–43, page 4:

(religion, archaic) Of or pertaining to the Messiah.


Noble Sanctuary

Calque of Arabic الْحَرَم الشَرِيف (al-ḥaram aš-šarīf)

الْحَرَم الشَرِيف

(Islam) The Temple Mount, when viewed as an Islamic holy site (specifically, the third holiest site).


Haram al-Sharif

Borrowed from Arabic الْحَرَم الشَّرِيف (al-ḥaram aš-šarīf, “the noble sanctuary”), a sobriquet also used for the other two holiest sites in Islam in Mecca and Medina.

bor+

الْحَرَم الشَّرِيف

This marked the first time since 2017 that an Israeli Minister has visited the site, known by Jews as Temple Mount and by Muslims as Haram al-Sharif, and which is administered by Jordan.

2023 January 5, “UN working to reduce tensions following Israel minister’s holy site visit”, in UN News, archived from the original on 2023-02-21:

(Islam) The Temple Mount; the Noble Sanctuary.


protogospel

(religion) A hypothetical common gospel from which later gospels were derived.


al-Amin

Borrowed from Arabic الْأَمِين (al-ʔamīn).

(Islam) a nickname of Muhammad, meaning the trusted one


Abu Qasim

Borrowed from Arabic أَبُو الْقَاسِم (ʔabū l-qāsim, “father of al-Qasim”).

أَبُو الْقَاسِم


read oneself in

en-verb

read oneself in (third-person singular simple present reads oneself in, present participle reading oneself in, simple past and past participle read oneself in)

reads oneself in (present singular third-person)
reading oneself in (participle present)
read oneself in (participle past)
read oneself in (past)

Parson Tyll was a curate of one parish across the Strood and of the two on the island. The rector was non-resident, on the plea of the unsalubrity of the spot. He had held the rectory of one parish and the vicarage of the other thirty years, and during that period had visited his cures twice, once to read himself in, and on the other occasion to exact some tithes denied him.

1920, Sabine Baring-Gould, Mehalah: a story of the salt marshes, Chapter 11:

(ecclesiastical, Anglicanism, dated, idiomatic) To read aloud the Thirty-nine Articles and the Declaration of Assent; required of a clergyman of the Church of England when he first officiates in a new benefice.


Annas

From Latin Annas (used in the Vulgate), from Ancient Greek Ἅννας (Hánnas), from Hebrew / Aramaic חנן (khanan) as a shortened form of חֲנַנְיָה (khananya).

(biblical) A Jewish high priest known for having four sons and a son-in-law (Caiaphas) succeed him in his lifetime; and for cooperating with Caiaphas to have Jesus Christ crucified.

حنان

A Jewish high priest in the first century CE.


khums

(Islam) A Shi'ite tax of one-fifth of various profits (e.g. one's surplus income, or business profits).


conciliarity

(religion) The adherence of various Christian communities to the authority of ecumenical councils and to synodal church government.


thusness

en-noun

thusness (countable and uncountable, plural thusnesses)

(philosophy, chiefly Buddhism) The state of things being as they are.


epistle side

Traditionally, the Epistle is read from this side.

the Consecrating Bishop washes his hands, and goes up to the Altar; and the newly consecrated goes to the Epistle side of the same Altar, and having there a Missal placed for him, he accompanies the Consecrating Bishop through the remaining part of the Mass.

1848, anonymous author, The Rite of the Consecration of a Bishop in the Catholic Church:

(religion) The right side of an altar or church from the perspective of a person looking from the nave toward the chancel.


hypothetical baptism

hypothetical baptism (countable and uncountable, plural hypothetical baptisms)

(religion, dated) Baptism administered to somebody who may or may not have been baptized before.


UP

United Presbyterian
w:United Presbyterian

(religion) Initialism of United Presbyterian.


ovoo

Borrowed from Mongolian овоо (ovoo, “heap”).

Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia, China

(religion) A shamanistic cairn found in Mongolia, usually made from rocks or wood and found on or around mountains.


Antipas

Through Latin Antipās from Ancient Greek Ἀντῐ́πᾱς (Antípās), a contraction of Ἀντῐ́πᾰτρος (Antípatros); from ἀντῐ́πᾰτρος (antípatros, “an initiate to the highest grade of the Mysteries of Mithras”).

At the death of Herod the Great (4 b.c.), his sons — Archelaus, Herod Antipas, and Herod Philip — were given jurisdiction over his divided kingdom. Herod Antipas became the tetrarch of Galilee and Perea […].

2002, Kenneth L. Barker (general editor), Zondervan NIV Study Bible, Zondervan, note on Luke 3:1

(biblical) Herod Antipas, tetrarch of the ancient Roman province of Judea, known for his roles in the executions of John the Baptist and Jesus of Nazareth.

I know where you live—where Satan has his throne. Yet you remain true to my name. You did not renounce your faith in me, not even in the days of Antipas, my faithful witness, who was put to death in your city—where Satan lives.

2011, Bible (New International Version), Biblica, Inc., Revelation 2:13

(biblical) A martyr from the early Christian church at Pergamum.


antidemonic

en-adj

antidemonic (comparative more antidemonic, superlative most antidemonic)

more antidemonic (comparative)
most antidemonic (superlative)

The psalm expresses security in God and gives assurance of Divine protection from dangers and calamities with which life is beset. It is commonly interpreted as an "antidemonic psalm."

1996, Macy Nulman, The Encyclopedia of Jewish Prayer, page 384:

(religion) Opposing or countering demons.


awrah

en-noun

awrah (countable and uncountable, plural awrahs)


mahram

(Islam) A family member who is haram to marry.


Buraq Wall

Partial calque of Arabic حَائِطُ ٱلْبُرَاق (ḥāʔiṭu l-burāq), because it is, according to Muslim tradition, the location where the prophet Mohammed tethered the legendary creature Buraq, البُرَاق (al-burāq).

partial calque

حَائِطُ ٱلْبُرَاق


turuq

From Arabic طُرُق (ṭuruq, “ways, paths”)

(Islam) Any of the orders or congregations of Sufism, formed around a master.


invincible ignorance

(theology) Ignorance beyond the individual's control and for which, therefore, he/she is not responsible before God.


Magog

(biblical) The second of the seven sons of Japheth.


Church Militant

(religion) The Christian church that comprises living people on Earth, which is supposed to be engaged in constant warfare against its enemies, and is thus distinguished from the Church Triumphant in Heaven.


meat offering

(religion, Judaism, Christianity) An offering of food, especially of a cake made of flour with salt and oil.


Toshigami

(Japanese mythology, Shinto) The god of the coming year, celebrated at New Years.


Ōkuninushi-no-mikoto

Borrowed from Japanese 大国主命 (Ōkuninushi-no-mikoto).

(Japanese mythology, Shinto) The Japanese god of nation-building, farming, business, and medicine, as well as love and good matches.


Sanbō Kōjin

(Japanese mythology, Shinto) The Japanese god of fire, the hearth, and the kitchen.


Ōkuninushi

Borrowed from Japanese 大国主 (Ōkuninushi).

(Japanese mythology, Shinto) The Japanese god of nation-building, farming, business, and medicine, as well as love and good love matches.


erenaghy

If the clan in which the erenaghy was vested became extinct, the bishop could not keep the lands in his own hands but must instal a new erenagh family

1973 Kenneth Nicholls, Gaelic and Gaelicised Ireland in the Middle Ages, Gill and Macmillan, ISBN 7171 0561 X p.113

(Ireland, history, ecclesiastical) the office of erenagh


erenagh

Borrowed from Old Irish airchinnech, from Proto-Celtic *ɸare-kʷenno- (“extremity, end”); see *kʷennom (“head”).

der

(Ireland, history, ecclesiastical) The head of a clan occupying church lands under a bishop in Gaelic Ireland.


duplex querela

(ecclesiastical law) A complaint in the nature of an appeal from the ordinary to his immediate superior, as from a bishop to an archbishop.


blood baptism

en-noun

blood baptism (countable and uncountable, plural blood baptisms)

(religion, historical) The martyrdom of those who had not been baptized. They were considered to have been baptized in blood, and this was regarded as a full substitute for literal baptism.


arch-heretic

In the fourth century the arch-heretic Priscillian was Bishop of Avila,

1907, Lee Siegel, “The Blush of the New”, in The Catholic Encyclopedia:

(religion) A leader of a heresy, a most prominent or leading heretic.

ĉefherezulo

leader of a heresy — see also heresiarch


nudifidian

(theology) One who relies on faith alone without works for salvation.


tajwid

Arabic تَجْوِيد (tajwīd), literally "elocution".

(Islam, phonology) The rules governing pronunciation during recitation of the Qur'an.


thawab

thawab (usually uncountable, plural thawabs)

From Arabic ثَوَاب (ṯawāb, “recompense”)


hasanat

From Arabic حَسَنَات (ḥasanāt), plural of حَسَنَة (ḥasana, “good deed”).

2003, Abu Alwafa, A study of the word "love" in the Qur'an Group: alt.religion.islam
The muhasneen or those who do good deeds (hasanats).

If we see through Islamic point of view, every act we do whether big or small are counted in our good deeds (hasanat), like cooking, cleaning, bringing up kids, serving the family, visiting relatives and neighbors, helping the needy, visiting the sick, even a smile is a sadaqah to be rewarded by Allah.

2014 December 4, Maryam Hedayat, “The importance of balance”, in MuslimVillage.com:

(Islam) Credit for good deeds, which Allah weighs up against one's bad deeds at the final judgement after death.


samjna

(Buddhism) perception, cognition, conceptualization.


arrow prayer

From the idea that it can be quickly "shot" up to God.

(religion) A very short prayer suitable for uttering at any time.


God the Father

And aboue all thynges: ye muſt geue moſte humble and hartie thankes to God the father, the ſonne, and the holy ghoſt, for the redempcion of the worlde...

1549, The booke of the common prayer and adminiſtracion of the Sacramentes, and other rites and ceremonies of the Churche: after the vſe of the Churche of England:

(Christianity theology) The person (hypostasis) of the Trinity or Godhead corresponding to the God of Abraham and the Jewish scriptures and considered the creator of mankind and Father of Jesus Christ


God the Holy Ghost

That which were a dishonour to God the Son, were a dishonour to God the holy Ghost.

1645, G. Gillespie, Nihil Respondes, section 11:

(Christianity theology) The person (hypostasis) of the Trinity or Godhead corresponding to divine essence present in the faithful (particularly, inspired prophets) and considered to proceed either (Eastern Orthodoxy) from God the Father alone or (Roman Catholicism) from Him together with God the Son.


God the Son

(Christianity theology) The person (hypostasis) of the Trinity or Godhead corresponding to the Word of God, which became flesh—incarnated—in Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God the Father.

Бог Син

the person of the Trinity that became flesh in Jesus Christ


priest-king

The while this Priest-King sacrifiz'd To's clov'n-foot God in Bethel (self-devis'd).

1606, G. de S. Du Bartas, translated by J. Sylvester, Deuine Weekes & Wks., ii. iv. iii. 169:

The beginnings of organized war, first as a bickering between villages, and then as a more disciplined struggle between the priest-king and god of one city and those of another.

1920, H.G. Wells, Outl. Hist., iii. xix. 124/2:

(religion) A sacred king, a monarch with prominent religious attributes.

Lower Egypt throws off the yoke of the priest-Kings of Thebes.

1877, C.P. Tiele, translated by J.E. Carpenter, Outl. Hist. Relig., section 55:

He was more like a priest-king, a combination of the Pope and a constitutional monarch.

1995 September 21, N.Y. Times Review of Books, 32/1

(religion) A theocrat, a sovereign high priest.


attributeless

One wonders whether such an event, a conscious, improbable-but-made-probable event, took place at the time of creation, the act itself being nothing but a polarisation (or separation quality-wise) of the attributeless Nirguna, a separation of zero plus x and minus x. This is indeed the genesis of the Big Bang theory of science.

1979, Bhavan’s Journal, XXV, issues 13-26, 269/1:

(chiefly religion) Without attributes; that cannot be described using attributes.


Ephraimite

An adaptation of the Latin Ephraimītēs, Ephraimīta, from the Ancient Greek Ἐφραιμῑ́tης (Ephraimī́tēs), from Ἐφραίμ (Ephraím, “Ephraim”) + -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs, “one connected to, a member of”). Equivalent to Ephraim + -ite.

suffix

(history, chiefly biblical) An allegiant of the Israelite tribal patriarch Ephraim, a member of the tribe purportedly descended from him, or an inhabitant of the Northern Kingdom of Israel (930–720 B.C.), in which the tribe of Ephraim was preëminent.

Joseph

Josephite: Ephraim (Ephraimite); Manasseh (Manassite)

Asher

descendants of the patriarch Jacob, later renamed Israel


rose of Sharon

(biblical) A flower of uncertain kind: perhaps Pancratium maritimum, which grows on the Sharon Plain of the coast of the Mediterranean Sea.


tarawih

Borrowed from Arabic تَرَاوِيح (tarāwīḥ).

bor

Arabic تَرَاوِيح (tarāwīḥ)

(Islam) An extra prayer performed by Sunni Muslims at night in the month of Ramadan.


tree of life

Coordinate term: tree of knowledge

(biblical) A term used in the Hebrew Bible that is a component of the world tree motif.


juz

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic جُزْء (juzʔ).

ubor

(Islam) Any of thirty parts of varying length into which the Qur'an is sometimes divided.


mahā

From Sanskrit महा (mahā́), form of महत् (mahát, “great, big, high”) used in compounds.

The Tantra of Secret Essence is the ati of mahā, which is the same as the mahā of ati in terms of three divisions of the great perfection.

2009, Jamgon Mipham, Luminous Essence: A Guide to the Guhyagarbha Tantra, page 5:

(Buddhism) one of the three vehicles of mastery in means to achieve liberation


motherlove

This implicit debate about motherlove between advocates of Victorianism and the new feminists and self-styled modernists turned into a more systematic rejection of Victorian assumptions during the 1920s.

1994, Peter N. Stearns, American Cool: Constructing a Twentieth-Century Emotional Style:

No one knows motherlove more than our Lord, who came to give His life so that we may live.

2008, L. D. Ervin, Meditations and Reflections:


attractional

For Lima Community Church, attractional evangelism seems to work well. Their credo is to care deeply about people, reach out to them, invite them into your life and bring them to church […]

2007, Elmer L. Towns, Ed Stetzer, Warren Bird, 11 Innovations in the Local Church, page 221:

Complex attractional approaches tend to have a contraceptive effect on the reproductive capacities of the church.

2009, Alan Hirsch, Darryn Altclass, The Forgotten Ways Handbook, page 143:

Churches with an attractional posture toward mission have long sought to be hospitable to seekers and other visitors who might attend worship.

2011, Craig Van Gelder, Dwight J. Zscheile, The Missional Church in Perspective, page 132:

(religion) Relating to attempts to attract worshippers to a church


hudud

en-noun

hudud pl (normally plural, singular hadd)

From Arabic حُدُود (ḥudūd, “boundaries, penalties”).

bor

(Islam) The maximum punishments for certain crimes, including theft, fornication, adultery, false accusation of adultery, drunkenness, and apostasy.


unhalal

(somewhat informal, chiefly Islam) Not halal; haram.


Singhbonga

From one of the Munda languages; said to be a compound of sing ("sun") and bonga ("god or spirit").

(religion) The supreme creator God of Sarnaism, worshipped by the Munda and related peoples under different names.


redemptionism

en-noun

redemptionism (usually uncountable, plural redemptionisms)

(theology) The doctrine that all of humanity was redeemed through the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ and that the redemption of all was completed and concluded in Jesus's resurrection, and that there was no further need for scriptural fulfillment thereafter.


Muwahhid

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic مُوَحِّد (muwaḥḥid).

ubor

(Islam) A Muslim who is focused on tawhid, the unity of God.


House of Allah

Calque of Arabic بَيْت اللّٰه (bayt allāh)

calque

بَيْت اللّٰه


Allah's House

بَيْت اللّٰه

Perform circumambulation of Allah's House with feelings of great love and devotion.

2006, A. H. Qasmi, Principles of Islam, page 236:


haram police

The care of the mataf [the paved area round the Ka'ba] is the peculiar duty of a corps of fifty black eunuches, who also act as the Haram police.

1994, Francis E. Peters, Mecca, A Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land, page 275:

Consequendy, litde cultivation of artistic talent has been developed, and it almost seems that only mediocrity is accepted as squeaking past the harsh gaze of the halal/haram police

2008, Kate Zebiri, British Muslim Converts, page 126:

During one MJD presentation to explain her point, Somaya refers to the film clip 'the Haram police' on 'Ummah Films', suggesting that the others 'check out' this funny—and even attractive—guy called 'Baba Ali'.

2013, Robert Hefner, Religions in Movement, page 223:

He was the haram police

(Islam) A group or organization of hardline or fundamentalist Muslims who frequently and aggressively point out sins.


ruku'

(Islam) The act of bowing as part of Islamic prayer.


sujud

Then, the person should stand up and repeat the same process (e.g. recite the first chapter of the Quran; recite another chapter of the Quran, bow, and do the two sujuds).

2014, Sayyid Moustafa Al-Qazwini, Discovering Islam:


wajib

en-noun

wajib (countable and uncountable, plural wajibs)

Further, that bounties are wajib, so revealed obligations are wajib. These cannot be known except through a prophet. So the existence of prophets is wajib, for that without which a binding duty (wajib) cannot be completed is itself wajib.

2004, Norman Calder, Jawid Mojaddedi, Andrew Rippin, Classical Islam: A Sourcebook of Religious Literature, Routledge, →ISBN, page 169:

(Islam) A religious duty; something that Muslims are obliged to do.


merit field

A translation of Tibetan ཚོགས་ཞིང (tshogs zhing, “field of merit”).

cal

(Tibetan Buddhism) a pictorial representation, usually represented on a thangka, of the triratna and lama for the purpose of veneration when taking Refuge.


Laylatul Qadr

From Arabic لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْر (laylatu l-qadr), from لَيْلَة (layla, “night”) and قَدْر (qadr).

bor

لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْر

(Islam) A night during Ramadan that commemorates the initial revelation of the Qur'an, usually on the 27th of Ramadan.


Sahih Muslim

(Islam) The second most important hadith collection among Sunnis.


mujtahid

From Arabic مُجْتَهِد (mujtahid, literally “diligent”).

(Islam) A lawyer entitled to exercise ijtihad.


Zurvanism

Of Persian origin, Zurvan + -ism, from Middle Persian [script needed] (Zurvān), from Avestan 𐬰𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬥 (zruuān, “time”).

(Zoroastrianism, historical) A now-extinct branch of Zoroastrianism that had the divinity Zurvan as its primordial creator deity.


Cainite

(Gnosticism) An adherent of Cainism, a member of a Gnostic sect that honored Cain and Judas.


separationist

(theology) One who believes that the human Jesus Christ was a separate being from the divine Christ.


fetial

From Latin fētiālis (“priest who sanctioned treaties and demanded satisfaction from enemies before formal declarations of war”).
The root of the Latin word is thought to be Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to do, place, put”), also the source of the verb Latin faciō (“to do; to build, construct; to appoint”). The nominalized form of this verb, Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁tis (“act of putting, placement”), would have developed into an Italic noun *fētis (unattested, but conjectured to mean something like "statute, treaty" or "prescription, law", developing to mean "body of priests"), which was combined with the adjective-forming suffix -ālis to yield Latin fētiālis.
The unadapted Latin forms fetialis (singular) and fetiales (plural) are also used in English, sometimes with italicization, sometimes without.

der

Nicomachus, as explained in the next line, was already known to the Elean priests or fetials, or whatever we are to call them, as a guest-friend.

1892, Pindar, “Isthmian II. Ode in Honour of a Victory in the Chariot-race at Isthmus Won by Xenocrates of Acragas”, in J[ohn] B[agnell] Bury, editor, ΠΙΝΔΑΡΟΥ ΕΠΙΝΙΚΟΙ ΙΣΘΜΙΟΝΙΚΑΙΣ [PINDAROU EPINIKOI ISTHMIONIKAIS] = The Isthmian Odes of Pindar: Edited with Introduction and Commentary, London, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, footnote 23, page 45, column 1:

It was customary for the fetial to carry to the bounds of the other nation a cornetwood spear, iron-pointed or hardened in the fire, and in the presence of not less than three grown men to say, "Whereas the tribes of the Ancient Latins and men of the Ancient Latins have been guilty of acts and offences against the Roman People of the Quirites; […] I therefore and the Roman People declare and make war on the tribes of the Ancient Latins and the men of the Ancient Latins." Having said this, he would hurl his spear into their territory.

1919, Livy, “Ab Urbe Condita: Liber I [From the Founding of the City: Book I]”, in B. O. Foster, transl., Livy in Fourteen Volumes … With an English Translation (Loeb Classical Library), volumes I (Books I and II), Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann Ltd., published 1967, →OCLC, paragraph XXXII, page 119:

After an insult had been offered Rome, or a wrong inflicted on it, several of the twenty sacred heralds, members of the College of Fecials, proceeded to demand reparation. […] [I]f war were decided, a second deputation of fecials was nominated upon whom was placed the symbolic duty of discharging a javelin into the enemy camp. This part of the procedure had obvious difficultes, and, after resorting to the fiction of performing it at an enemy camp in Rome, the fecials finally adopted an appropriate ceremony at the temple of Bellona. The fecials also had religious functions at the conclusion of a peace. It was the oath taken by the chief fecial which sanctified a treaty entered into with, or by, the Roman people.

1928, Geoffrey Butler, Simon Maccoby, “Intercourse: In Peace”, in The Development of International Law (Contributions to International Law and Diplomacy), London, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co. Ltd.; reprinted Clark, N.J.: The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd., 2003 (2007 printing), →ISBN, page 74:

[P]erhaps the shadowy fetials were never actually an independent priesthood but were senatorial priests assigned diplomatic functions. If fetials were originally senators, this would explain the parallel fetial and senatorial function in "international relations" and account for the continuity between fetials and later senatorial legates. Of the twenty patrician fetials, only four were customarily chosen to serve in an embassy.

2005, Richard E. Mitchell, “The Definition of Patres and Plebs: An End to the Struggle of the Orders”, in Kurt A[rnold] Raaflaub, editor, Social Struggles in Archaic Rome: New Perspectives on the Conflict of the Orders, 2nd expanded and updated edition, Malden, Mass., London: Blackwell Publishing, →ISBN, pages 142–143:

According to authors of the late Republic, the fetials supervised Roman adherence to the iura belli, the laws of war. How, then, should we interpret the silence with respect to the fetials of Polybius, the central concern of whose history was Roman imperialism, but who mentions the fetials not even once?

2008, Clifford Ando, “Religion and Imperialism at Rome”, in The Matter of the Gods: Religion and the Roman Empire (The Transformation of the Classical Heritage), Berkeley, Los Angeles, Calif, London: University of California Press, part II (Gods of the Far-flung Empire), page 128:

Fetiales also investigated allies' claims of abuse by Romans; if substantiated, the fetiales delivered the men accused to the injured parties.

2016, Amanda J. Coles, “Ius Fetiale”, in Sara E[lise] Phang, Iain Spence, Douglas Kelly, Peter Londey, editors, Conflict in Ancient Greece and Rome: The Definitive Political, Social, and Military Encyclopedia, volumes 3 (H–Z, Roman Section), Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, page 973, column 2:

(Ancient Rome, politics, religion, historical) A member of the Roman college of priests who acted as representatives in disputes with foreign nations.


tayammum

Borrowed from Arabic تَيَمُّم (tayammum).

(Islam) The wiping of one's face and hands against dust, sand or a clean physical object in place of wudhu for the bereft or bedridden.


mashallah

From Arabic مَا شَاءَ ٱللّٰه (mā šāʔa llāh).

bor

مَا شَاءَ ٱللّٰه

Arabic مَا شَاءَ ٱللّٰه (mā šāʔa llāh)

what hath God wrought

similar literal meaning and historically in usage

Mashallah, I hear Akhmad say. Mashallah. I ask him what it means. “Mashallah, it's to be thankful. Something wonderful.” It means, literally, “God wills it.” And yet it seems, there's a kind of joy inside the word, too. Some large, cosmic gratitude.

2019, Maggie Paxson, The Plateau, Penguin, →ISBN, page 308:

divine intervention
divine intervention#English

(Islam) Expressing the speaker's gratitude for a blessing or their recognition of divine intervention in its occurrence. God willed it.

Coordinate term: knock on wood

'Mashallah, fine set of boys you've got here, sir,' he smiled, shaking us all by the hand, and giving Jamal a mock punch on the shoulder. 'Y'all new to the masjid?' ' Yes, we are,' Dad answered him. 'It's our first time here as a family.'

2014, Na'ima B. Robert, She Wore Red Trainers: A Muslim Love Story, Kube Publishing Ltd, →ISBN:

(Islam) Expressing the speaker's wish for a fortune to be maintained, especially against the evil eye; used in congratulation.


Quranologist

By referring these facts we are in a position to request the scholars of Qur' an and Quranologists to study them in strict conformity, concordance and collaboration of Hadith which are parallel, congruous and interdependent.

2001 Zamir Ahmed, The Quranic Sociology of Crime - Page 63

Thus, in line with Kenneth Craig, the non-Muslim British Quranologist, there can be no dichotomization between the two: “Islam is the Quranically guided religion; the Quran is the Islamically revealed book”

2011, Okechukwu Ukaga, Who Was Muhammad? Group: USA Africa Dialogue Series:

Pretzl was the director of the Qur'an Archives of the University of Munich, where three generations of Qur'anologists had collected the biggest collection in the world on Qur'an and its allied subjects

1971, Muhammad Asad, Islamic Culture - Volume 20 - Page 218

2009, HO, hijra: of meaning and meaning of meaning of emigration Group: USA Africa Dialogue Series
hijra: of meaning and meaning of meaning of emigration by afis a. oladosu first, a short note on the title. the medieval rhetorician and quranologist, abdul qahir al-jurjani, in his important works on rhetoric asrar al-balagh (the secret of rhetoric) and dalail al-ijaz (guides to quranic

(Islam) One who studies Quran-related topics


Mnevis

From Latin Mnēvis, from Ancient Greek Μνεῦῐς (Mneûis), from Egyptian U7:r-wr:O5-E1 (mr-wr).

der

<i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">mr-wr</i>

(religion) A bull-shaped aspect of the god Atum-Ra venerated in Heliopolis.


perceptic

(Scientology) A sense; a perceiving faculty.


pratyekabuddha

(Buddhism) One who achieves enlightenment alone, without a teacher or guide.


Ibadism

From Arabic إِبَاض (ʔibāḍ, part of the name of Abd Allah b. Ibad) + -ism.

af

إِبَاض<lang:ar><pos:part of the name of Abd Allah b. Ibad>

(Islam) The doctrines associated with Ibadis, such as the acceptance of fewer hadiths, and the addition of Jami Sahih as a canonical hadith.


Eid al-Saghir

From Arabic الْعِيد الصَّغِير (al-ʕīd aṣ-ṣaḡīr, literally “the small feast”).

bor

الْعِيد الصَّغِير


Zahirism

An exception was their position regarding Zahirism, the exoteric or literalist legal doctrine that through its adoption by the eleventh-century Cordoban scholar Ibn Hazm came to represent the most dangerous challenge to Andalusi Malikism. Zahirism is close to Shafi'ism and Hanbalism in its insistence on the predominant role played by Prophetic hadith, in its restriction of the use of analogical reasoning and in its denial of any validity to the consensus arising after the early generations of Muslims.

2016, Andrew P. Roach, Heresy and the Making of European Culture:

(Islam) The Sunni Islamic movement that promotes the apparent meaning of the Quran.


Ibadist

From Arabic إِبَاض (ʔibāḍ, part of the name of Abd Allah b. Ibad) + -ist.


chakravartin

Borrowed from Sanskrit चक्रवर्तिन् (cakravartin).

(India, religion) An ideal universal ruler, who rules ethically and benevolently over the entire world.


pandeism

en-noun

pandeism (countable and uncountable, plural pandeisms)

Possibly borrowed from German Pandeismus, from pan- (from Ancient Greek παν- (pan-, prefix meaning ‘all’)) + Deismus (“deism”) (from Latin deus (“deity, god”) + German -ismus (“-ism”)). (Similar words appear earlier in various languages, but apparently not in the same sense.) The word can be analysed as pan- + deism or as a blend of pantheism + deism.

der

Just as [absolute perfection in some respects, relative perfection in all others] is the whole positive content of perfection, so CW, or the conception of the Creator-and-the-Whole-of-what-he-has-created as constituting one life, the super-whole which in its everlasting essence is uncreated (and does not necessitate just the parts which the whole has) but in its de facto concreteness is created – this panentheistic doctrine contains all of deism and pandeism except their arbitrary negations.

1941, Charles Hartshorne, Man’s Vision of God and the Logic of Theism, New York, N.Y.: Harper and Bros., →OCLC, page 348:

What appeared here, at the center of the Pythagorean tradition in philosophy, is another view of psyche that seems to owe little or nothing to the pan-vitalism or pan-deism (see theion) that is the legacy of the Milesians.

1967, F[rancis] E[dward] Peters, “psychḗ”, in Greek Philosophical Terms: A Historical Lexicon, New York, N.Y.: New York University Press, →ISBN, paragraph 13, page 169:

All the actions of created intelligences are not merely the actions of God. Creatures act freely and responsibly as the proximate causes of their own moral actions. If God was the proximate cause of every act, all things would simply be “God in motion”. That is nothing less than pantheism, or more exactly, pandeism. The Creator is distinct from his creation. The reality of secondary causes is what separates Christian theism from pandeism.

1996, Bob Burridge, “God’s Decrees: Certainty and Contingency”, in Survey Studies in Reformed Theology, Genevan Institute for Reformed Studies, published 2016, archived from the original on 2018-06-12:

It could also be argued that the god that no longer requires interaction with the creation is superior to the one that does, so that deistic concepts, including pandeism, are again preferable. Similarly, concerning experiential arguments, the 'hidden' and possibly 'indifferent' god of pandeism better explains why so many people do not experience god, internally, yet also can explain why some do. Pandeisms, and other pantheisms, particularly polytheistic forms, also better explain why it is not only the god of theism (and specifically, Christian theism) that is internally experienced by some people.

2018, Raphael Lataster, “The Case for A-theism”, in The Case against Theism: Why the Evidence Disproves God’s Existence (Sophia Studies in Cross-cultural Philosophy of Traditions and Cultures; 26), Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, Springer Nature, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, section 3.5.3 (Case Study: Pandeism vs. Theism), page 194:

(religion) A belief in a god who is both pantheistic and deistic, in particular a god who designed the universe and then became it and ceased to exist separately and act consciously with respect to it.

pandeïsme

belief in a god both pantheistic and deistic

We hear men prophesy that this war means the death of Christianity and an era of Pandeism or perhaps even the destruction of all which we call modern civilization and culture. We hear men predict that the ultimate result of the war will be a blessing to humanity.

1915 May, Louis S. Hardin, “The Chimerical Application of Machiavelli’s Principles”, in James H. Coghill, editor, The Yale Sheffield Monthly, volume XXI, number 8, New Haven, Conn.: Sheffield Scientific School, Yale College, →OCLC, page 463:

I first came across this extension of ecumenism into pan-deism among some Roman Catholic scholars interested primarily in the "reunion of the churches," [...] Thus they do not necessarily discern in Rome's ecumenism and pan-deism a project for world domination. Yet this danger certainly exists.

1964 October 23, Charles A[nselm] Bolton, “Beyond the Ecumenical: Pan-Deism?”, in Christianity Today: Fortnightly Magazine of Evangelical Conviction, volume 9, Carol Stream, Ill.: Christianity Today, Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 21:

If the Bible is only human lore, and not divine truth, then we have no real answer to those who say, "Let's pick the best out of all religions and blend it all into Pan-Deism – one world religion with one god made out of many".

1991, J[ames] Sidlow Baxter, “Our Bible: The Most Critical Issue”, in Prophetic Witness Movement International, archived from the original on 2018-02-22:

(religion, rare) Worship which admits or tolerates favourable aspects of all religions; omnitheism.


ultimism

Introduced by Canadian philosopher J. L. Schellenberg.

Schellenberg's thinking on religion begins with what he calls “ultimism.” “Ultimism,” for him, is the claim that: There is a metaphysically and axiologically ultimate reality (one representing both the deepest fact about the nature of things and the greatest possible value), in relation to which an ultimate good can be attained.

2017, Alon Goshen-Gottstein, Religious Genius: Appreciating Inspiring Individuals Across Traditions:

(religion, philosophy) The quasireligious proposition that there is some ultimate phenomenon that is the source of good.


mawla

Transliteration of Arabic مَوْلًى (mawlan).


Malikism

(Islam) A Sunnite school of thought, founded by Malik ibn Anas, that privileges the practices of Medinan scholars.


Tryphosa

From Ancient Greek τροφή (trophḗ, “softness, delicacy”).

uder

Salute Tryphena and Tryphosa, who labour in the Lord.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Romans 16:12:

(biblical) Name of a Christian woman mentioned in the Bible.


kikayon

(biblical) A plant mentioned in the Book of Jonah, where it provides shade; possibly a gourd or a castor oil plant.


vipassana

Transliteration of Pali vipassanā, from Sanskrit विपश्यना (vipaśyanā).

three marks of existence
three marks of existence

(Buddhism) Insight into the true nature of reality, namely as the three marks of existence: impermanence, suffering or unsatisfactoriness, and the realisation of nonself.


yidam

From Tibetan ཡི་དམ (yi dam), (Sanskrit: समादान (samādān) or སམཱདཱནི (samādāni)).

Yidams are not to be equated with the patron saints or guardian angels found in the Jewish, Christian, and Muslim traditions.

2004, Chogyam Trungpa, The Collected Works of Chogyam Trungpa, volume 7:

(Tibetan Buddhism) A type of deity associated with tantric or Vajrayana Buddhism said to be manifestations of Buddhahood or enlightened mind.


taghut

Arabic طَاغُوت (ṭāḡūt, “to overstep boundaries or rebel”).

(Islam) idolatry; the worship of anything except Allah


adhisthana

en-noun

adhisthana (plural adhisthanas or adhisthana)

adhisthanas (plural)
adhisthana (plural)

(Buddhism) An initiation or blessing in Vajrayana schools such as Tibetan Buddhism and Shingon Buddhism.


anhypostatic

(theology, Christianity) Not hypostatic.


tathata

tathata (countable and uncountable, plural tathatas)


antibishop

18th-century back-formation by analogy with antipope, from anti- + bishop.

(historical, ecclesiastical, chiefly in medieval and early modern history) A pretender to the episcopal office, such as a bishop appointed by an antipope. [from 18th c.]


apocrisarius

(ecclesiastical) A high-ranking ecclesiastical deputy or other official


archpriesthood

(ecclesiastical) The office of an archpriest.


Ancient of Days

The first is true: all under the first is obnoxious to error; the puisne posthumous antiquity hath been a refuge for falsehood: the primigenous antiquity, which proceeded from the Ancient of Days, is certain.

1641, Joseph Hall, A Short Answer to the Vindication of Smectymnuus:

I saw in the night visions, and, behold, one like the Son of man came with the clouds of heaven, and came to the Ancient of days, and they brought him near before him. And there was given him dominion, and glory, and a kingdom, that all people, nations, and languages, should serve him: his dominion is an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass away, and his kingdom that which shall not be destroyed.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Daniel 7:13-14:


bhava

bhava (countable and uncountable, plural bhavas)

(Buddhism) A feeling or mood, especially one of maturation that arises from understanding of the continuity of life and death (reincarnation).


asha

Transliteration of Avestan 𐬀𐬴𐬀 (aṣ̌a). Doublet of rta.

(Zoroastrianism) The concept of truth and existence in Zoroastrianism, usually associated with the Amesha Spentas.


ghusl

ghusl (countable and uncountable, plural ghusls)

(Islam) A full-body wash taken by Muslims to restore the body to a state of purity.

غُسْل

full-body taken to restore the body to purity


abegha

Armenian Apostolic Church
Armenian Apostolic Church

(ecclesiastical) A celibate priest or monk of the Armenian Apostolic Church; a hieromonk.

աբեղա

a celibate priest or monk of the Armenian Apostolic Church


Nusayrism

From the name of Ibn Nusayr, believed to have founded the group during the 9th century, + -ism.

(Islam) A syncretic offshoot of Shi'ism, whose adherents self-identify as Alawites.


apophatism

apophatism (countable and uncountable, plural apophatisms)

(theology) A theory of approaching knowledge of God through negative rather than positive assertions.

αποφατισμός

a theory of approaching knowledge of God through negative assertions


rafida

From Arabic رَافِضَة (rāfiḍa), plural of رَافِضِيّ (rāfiḍiyy, “rejector”) also passed as Rafidhi.

(religious slur, offensive, Islam) Shiite


i'tikaf

(Islam) The retreat into a mosque for worship, especially during the Night of Power.


the-

From Latin theo- (“god”), combining form of theos (“god”); from Ancient Greek θεό- (theó-, “god”), combining form of θεός (theós, “god”).


Mephibosheth

/məˈfɪb.əˌʃɛθ/

From the Biblical Hebrew מְפִיבֹשֶׁת (Məp̄īḇṓšeṯ).

uder

(biblical) the son of Jonathan, grandson of Saul


Allism

From all + -ism, coined by Peter van Inwagen in 2009.

Let us call it Allism – since it is essentially the thesis that natural selection does it all.

2009, Louis Caruana, Darwin and Catholicism, →ISBN, page 12:

Allism is inconsistent with theism, and, therefore, anyone who professes ignorance as to whether Allism is true should profess ignorance as to whether God exists.

2009, Melville Y. Stewart, Science and Religion in Dialogue, →ISBN, page 823:

2013, A. Rosenberg, Theism and Allism in The Philosophy of Peter Van Inwagen Ed. John Christopher Adorno Keller

(creationism) The rejection of creationism in all its forms (including intelligent design) and the assertion that evolution alone is responsible for the diversity of all living creatures.


Yahwism

(religion, historical) The polytheistic religion of Iron Age Israel, worshipping a pantheon of gods headed by Yahweh and Asherah.


Yahwist

(historical, religion) A follower of the Iron Age religion of Yahwism.


Yahwist

(historical, religion) Of or pertaining to Yahwism (the Iron Age religion).


pandeist

en-adj

pandeist (comparative more pandeist, superlative most pandeist)

more pandeist (comparative)
most pandeist (superlative)

[Y]ou're drifting somewhere in the Pandeist or Deist dogma, where god is either the Universe itself or is a part of each person.

Indeed, most of the staff is either Hindu or Moslem, but they are full of these pan-deist ideas, and even Zahir deliberately used the Christian word "God" rather than "Allah" when talking with me.

2003, Paul La Porte, Social Work and Other Experiences in India:

[S]ome pragmatists (such as William James) took a more pantheist or pandeist approach by rejecting views of God as separate from the World.

2007, John Lachs, Robert Talisse, American Philosophy: An Encyclopedia, page 310:


pandeist

Is Gordon a pan-deist, or a monotheist?

1975, American Jewish Congress, Judaism: A Quarterly Journal of Jewish Life and Thought, page 41:

Does that mean that it holds a majority of Christians as its subjects? That it was founded by Christians? That it must hold only to what Christians say, ignoring Jews, Muslims, non-deists, pandeists, and all other non-Christians?

2003, Clay Colwell, BC Court rules FOR same sex marriage!!! YEAH!/CBC:

(religion) One who believes in pandeism, a blend of pantheism and deism.

(rare, religion) one who believes in the truth of all religions


shariatic

shariatic (comparative more shariatic, superlative most shariatic)

more shariatic (comparative)
most shariatic (superlative)

(religion) In conformity with sharia law.


autoctisis

A neologism based on the Ancient Greek roots αὐτός (autós, “self”) + κτῐ́σῐς (ktísis, “creation”), introduced by Giovanni Gentile.

compound

(theology, philosophy) The “pure act” of self-creation through being conscious of oneself.


ahura

Transliteration of Avestan 𐬀𐬵𐬎𐬭𐬀 (ahura, “lord”).

translit

(Zoroastrianism) A member of the ahuric triad.


Ahura

Transliteration of Avestan 𐬀𐬵𐬎𐬭𐬀 (ahura, “lord”). Doublet of Asura.

Ahura Berezant Apam Napat
Apam Napat#English

(Zoroastrianism) Title of the three members of the ahuric triad – Ahura Mazda, Ahura Mithra, and Ahura Berezant Apam Napat – that regulate (or, in the case of Mazda, create) the physical and moral order (asha).


Apollinarism

From Apollinaris of Laodicea, who taught this theology, + -ism.

(Christianity theology) The Christological theology that Jesus's mind was only divine and not human, condemned as a heresy at the First Council of Constantinople.

apollinarismi

the doctrine that Jesus’s mind was only divine and not human


kayadanda

Borrowed from Sanskrit कायदण्ड (kāyadaṇḍa, “complete control over one's body”).

bor

(Hinduism, Buddhism) complete control over one's bodys


manodanda

Borrowed from Sanskrit मनोदण्ड (manodaṇḍa, “complete control over one's thoughts”).

(Hinduism, Buddhism) complete control over one's thoughts


Skoptsy

(religion) An underground religious movement in Russia, known for practising castration and mastectomy in accordance with their teachings. The movement was active to the mid 20th century.


only-begotten

From Middle English oonlybigeten, equivalent to only + begotten. Compare also Middle English only geten, oonly geten (“only-begotten”, literally “only-gotten”) and Middle English onbygoten, oon be-gotyn, one bygeten, oon bigetun, oon bigeten (“only-begotten”, literally “one-begotten”). Calque of Latin ūnigenitus, itself a calque of Ancient Greek μονογενής (monogenḗs).

Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed
And [we believe] in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God.

(Christianity theology) One of the attributes of Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God the Father.


transformationalism

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-transformationalism.wav

Their position denies the general revelation of God given in the other religions, while inclusive transformationalism acknowledges the relative usefulness and values that other religions have, even though they do not bring salvation.

2003, Wallace M. Alston, Michael Welker, Reformed Theology: Identity and Ecumenicity - Volume 1, →ISBN, page 16:

Unlike ecumenism, transformationalism is not an expression of denominational uniformity, but an expression of interdenominational alliances.

2007, Joshua Reichard, Rust to Renewal, →ISBN, page 123:

Transformationalism may describe the reality of religion in America, but normatively speaking it fails to reveal anything about the quality or implications of those changes.

2009, Zachary I. Heller, Synagogues in a Time of Change, →ISBN, page 23:

(theology) A fusion of evangelicalism, Pentecostalism, and ecumenism that became prominent in the early 21st century; transformational Christianity.


ekagrata

Borrowed from Sanskrit एकाग्रता (ekāgratā, “concentration, singlemindedness”).

(Hinduism, Buddhism) Extreme focus on a particular point.


Azazel

From Hebrew עֲזָאזֵל (azazél, “Azazel, cliff from which the scapegoat was sent to its death”), Arabic عَزَازِيل (ʕazāzīl).

der

Arabic عَزَازِيل (ʕazāzīl)


creatianism

(religion) The doctrine that God creates a soul for each body that is generated.


nephesh

en-noun

nephesh (plural nephashoth or nepheshes)

bor

Hebrew נֶפֶשׁ

(biblical) The tangible aspects of life, as possessed by human beings and the higher animals; sometimes translated as soul.


Ietsism

From Dutch ietsisme, from iets (“something”) + -isme.

(religion) An unspecified belief in an undetermined transcendent force.


temple garment

(religion, clothing) A form of underwear worn by Latter-day Saints after taking part in the endowment ceremony; they are a symbolic reminder of the covenants made in temple ceremonies.


goddessdammit

(rare, chiefly paganism or humorous) Synonym of goddammit


amillennialistic

(theology, rare) Relating to amillennialism.


antilapsarian

(theology) One who does not believe that mankind has fallen from a better state.


BBE

Bible in Basic English
w:Bible in Basic English

(biblical) Initialism of Bible in Basic English.


liturgical language

en-noun

liturgical language (plural liturgical languages)

(religion) A language of religious texts and ceremonies, such as Church Slavonic.


durood

Borrowed from Urdu دُرُود (durūd), from Classical Persian دُرُود (durūd).

(Islam, chiefly South Asia) Salawat; The uttering of specific phrases to compliment the prophet Muhammad whenever he is mentioned or encountered in a text.


call and response

(religion) A prayer or preaching verbal technique similar to this.


Shuaib

(Islam) A prophet of Islam who prophesied to the Midianites, sometimes identified with the Biblical Jethro.


Uthman

bor

Arabic عُثْمَان (ʕuṯmān)

(Islam) Uthman bin Affan, third Islamic caliph and a companion of Muhammad.


Abu Bakr

Transliteration of Arabic أَبُو بَكْر (ʔabū bakr, literally “father of a young camel; father of a person named Bakr”).


Saleh

From Iranian Persian صالح (sâleh), from Arabic صَالِح (ṣāliḥ); the prophet's name literally means "pious."

(Islam) A prophet of Islam who prophesied to the people of Thamud.


Rudra

(Vedic religion) A Rigvedic deity, associated with wind or storm and the hunt.


Hud

(Islam) A prophet of Islam, sometimes identified with Eber in the Bible

هُود

A prophet of Islam; the name of the 11th sura

(Islam) The eleventh sura of the Qur'an.


kafala

(Islam) A form of Islamic adoption in which the child is not regarded as a true child of the adoptive parents.


rainbow body

(Buddhism) According to Dzogchen beliefs, a body made of pure light, acquired after reaching a certain level of spiritual realization.


Kierkegaardianism

/ˌkɪəkəˈɡɑːdɪ.ənɪzəm/

/ˌkɪɹkəˈɡɑɹdi.ənɪzəm/

(philosophy, religion) The philosophical or religious views of the Danish thinker Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855).


antiuniversalist

(theology) One who opposes universalism (the theological belief that all souls can attain salvation).


antiatheistic

en-adj

antiatheistic (comparative more antiatheistic, superlative most antiatheistic)

more antiatheistic (comparative)
most antiatheistic (superlative)


Danu

(religion, Hinduism) A Hindu primordial goddess who had numerous children.


veche

From Old East Slavic вѣче (věče, “council”)
or modern Russian ве́че (véče)

(paganism) a modern assembly of Rodnovers, atavistically based off the medieval veche.


Goddess knows

(uncommon, chiefly paganism) Synonym of God knows


Christ event

Another problem is that reconstructions of Paul with the help of the concept of 'corporate personality' tend to emphasise the objectivity and realised character of the Christ event.

2009, Hans Burger, Being in Christ: A Biblical and Systematic Investigation, page 264:

In fact, if a theologian approaches the Christ-Event with the intent to exhaustively grasp God, the Christology of the theologian is doomed to failure.

2010, Victor I Ezigbo, Re-Imagining African Christologies, page 187:

Because of the Star of Bethlehem, we would expect there to be astrological stories predating the actual Star of Bethlehem, much in the same way that Lewis argued that because of the actual Christ-event we should expect to find echoes and intimations outside of the actual event.

2012, PH Brazier, C.S. Lewis – The Work of Christ Revealed, page 262:

(theology) The Incarnation, considered as a historical event rather than a matter of theology.


bonsho

(Buddhism, music) A very large bell used in Buddhist temples in Japan to mark time and call monks in for prayer.


jataka

From Sanskrit जातक (jātaka, “born under”).

In the centuries after the Buddha's life, many ordinary, non-literate Indians would have learned of him through Jatakas, popular morality tales about his imagined previous lives […]

2016, Sunil Khilnani, Incarnations, Penguin, published 2017, page 4:

(Buddhism) Any of a large number of Indian tales concerning the previous lives of Gautama Buddha.


Petrinize

en-verb

Petrinize (third-person singular simple present Petrinizes, present participle Petrinizing, simple past and past participle Petrinized)

Petrinizes (present singular third-person)
Petrinizing (participle present)
Petrinized (participle past)
Petrinized (past)

(transitive, Christianity, theology) To cause to conform with the writings or doctrines of Saint Peter.


Paulinize

Paulinize (third-person singular simple present Paulinizes, present participle Paulinizing, simple past and past participle Paulinized)

Paulinizes (present singular third-person)
Paulinizing (participle present)
Paulinized (participle past)
Paulinized (past)

(transitive, Christianity, theology) To cause to conform with the writings or doctrines of the Apostle Paul.


antipredestinarian

en-adj

antipredestinarian (comparative more antipredestinarian, superlative most antipredestinarian)

more antipredestinarian (comparative)
most antipredestinarian (superlative)

/ˌæntɪpɹiːdɛstɪˈnɛəɹɪən/

Antipredestinarian ideas cropped up in many places, expressed by persons who may have had little else in common: sectaries such as the Quakers and General Baptists, democratizing radicals such as Walwyn and Winstanley, and academics such as the Cambridge Platonists Cudworth and More.

2006, Tobias Gregory, From Many Gods to One, page 304:

A 17th-century controversy between the followers of Jacob Arminius and Francis Gomar over predestination was settled by the Synod of Dort (1618—1619), which condemned the antipredestinarian teachings of Arminius in its Canons of Dort.

2009, Robert Benedetto, Donald K. McKim, Historical Dictionary of the Reformed Churches, page 346:

(theology) Opposed to the doctrine of predestination.


Nyabinghi

Most likely from a Great Lakes Bantu language. Compare Tooro -nya- (“pertaining to”) and ingi (“rich in; plentiful in”). The spelling with -gh- may reflect an early spelling of /ŋɡ/ to distinguish it from the simple /ŋ/.

(Rastafari, religion) A religious sect of the Rastafarian religion.


siryah

(Islam) Any of the battles in which the Islamic prophet Muhammad personally did not participate but to which he sent Sahabis.


Aryaman

Transliteration of Sanskrit अर्यमन् (aryáman). The given name is from Hindi आर्यमन (āryaman).

translit

(Vedic religion) a Hindu solar deity: an Aditya


anāgāmi

Transliteration of Pali anāgāmin; the final 'n' is omitted in keeping with the Pali nominative and vocative singular.

(Buddhism) A “non-returning” person, who will not be reborn into the physical word before achieving nirvana.


Islamness

(Islam) The state of being Muslim or Islamic.


atheologist

The turbulent life and fragmentary writings of a third woman, Colette Peignot (1903-38) are also becoming better known in their own right and not simply for the influence they had on those of her lover during the last years of her life, the self-styled "atheologist" Georges Bataille (1897-1962) who, along with others, was responsible for her posthumous mythologization as "Laure."

2004, Richard D. E. Burton, Holy Tears, Holy Blood: Women, Catholicism, and the Culture of Suffering in France, 1840-1970, Cornell University Press, →ISBN, page x:

It would be wrong to use this as a direct proof of God's existence and equally wrong to imagine, along with the atheologists in cosmological physics, that a system of equations can bootstrap its own parameters and constants, also actualizing what is described by those specific equations.

2006, Loyd L. Fueston, To See a World in a Grain of Sand: Reconciling the Saints to Darwin and Einstein, Divorcing the Saints from Smith and Lincoln, Wipf and Stock Publishers, →ISBN, page 114:

In his review of the history of atheism, French atheologist Michel Onfray dates its explicit inception to 1729 and a book published posthumously by the Abbe Jean Meslier, the parish priest of Etrépigny in northeastern France.

2008, Vox Day, The Irrational Atheist: Dissecting the Unholy Trinity of Dawkins, Harris, and Hitchens, BenBella Books, →ISBN:

(philosophy, religion) A scholar and/or proponent of atheism.


kshanti

(Buddhism) patience, forbearance and forgiveness: one of the paramitas in Theravāda and Mahāyāna Buddhism.


Amram

Learned borrowing from Latin Amram, from Ancient Greek Ἀμβράμ (Ambrám), from Biblical Hebrew עַמְרָם (ʕamrɔm).


pre-Adamitism

The doctrine of 'pre-Adamitism,' while heretical and guaranteed to generate storms of controversy, won some prominent adherents.

1994, Alvin Snider, Origin and Authority in Seventeenth-Century England, page 134:

He probably also had theological reasons for not considering pre-Adamitism.

2007, Davis A. Young, John Calvin and the natural world, →ISBN, page 151:

(theology) The belief that humanity is descended from a single progenitor that predates Adam.


co-Adamitism

(theology) The belief that the different races are descended from separately created progenitors.


hojatoleslam

Borrowed from Persian حُجَّتُالْاِسلام (hojjatoleslâm), from Arabic حُجَّةُ ٱلْإِسْلَامِ (ḥujjatu l-ʔislāmi, literally “authority on Islam”)

bor+

حُجَّتُالْاِسلام

der

حُجَّةُ ٱلْإِسْلَامِ

(Islam) A middle-ranking Islamic cleric.


Nalanda

(Buddhism) A large Buddhist monastery in the ancient kingdom of Magadha (modern-day Bihar) in India.


aeviternal

Further, if there is no before and after in aeviternity, it follows that in aeviternal things there is no difference between being, having been, or going to be. Since then it is impossible for aeviternal things not to have been, it follows that it is impossible for them not to be in the future; which is false, since God can reduce them to nothing.

1862, (St. Thomas Aquinas), Summa Theologica - Volume 1, →ISBN, page 78:

In aeviternal rhythms the current of time would be channeled in the cosmos, reflecting not only the pulsation of life within the microcosm, but with it also the possibility of realization, in samadhi, of timelessness.

1992, Stella Kramrisch, The Presence of Siva, →ISBN, page 268:

And in general, memory and imagination, bygone facts and aeviternal fictions, are closely intermingled, since the factual memory, as it drops back, is almost inexorably transformed into a fictive image, while imagined images are often artfully assimilated to the factual past.

2001, Eva Brann, What, Then, Is Time?, →ISBN, page 214:

It is hard because it is very difficult to convert our thinking from the physical to the spiritual; from time to aeviternal and more so to eternity.

2014, Justin Nnaemeka Onyeukaziri, Echoes of the Good News, →ISBN, page 93:

(theology) Pertaining to aeviternity, a state between eternity, which is unchanging and outside of time, and temporality, which is subject to change and to death or annihilation. Things aeviternal are creations, like the temporal, but everlasting, like the eternal.


Holy Bible

the Holy Bible (canonical)
Holy Bibles (plural)

(ecclesiastical) Honorific name for the collection of the books of the Bible according to a Christian canon.

(ecclesiastical) Honorific name for a book containing the books of the Bible according to a Christian canon.


buka puasa

Unadapted borrowing from Malay, from buka (“to open”) + puasa (“fasting, Ramadan”).

The buka puasa functions which flourish during the fasting month have become the latest addition to the Malaysian way of life.

1990 April 24, The Straits Times, page 29:

Experience Singapore’s traditional Buka Puasa favourites from the Halal Chinese, Malay and Indian show kitchens during the Muslim fasting month, Ramadan.

2005 October 7, The Business Times, page 32:

They are pulling out all the stops by offering special buka puasa menus and dishes to tantalise the tastebuds of diners.

(Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Islam) Relating to iftar.


Ladder of Jacob

(religion) A pseudepigraphic writing of the Old Testament, preserved only in Slavonic and not generally regarded as scripture.


Merkabah

bor

Hebrew מֶרְכָּבָה

(religion) A school of early Jewish mysticism, circa 100 BCE – 1000 CE, based around visions.


Desert Father

(religion, historical) Any of the early Christian hermits, ascetics and monks who lived mainly in the Scetes desert of Egypt, beginning around the third century AD, and were a major influence on the development of Christianity.


trisula

It may be wondered, at first sight, that the innumerable texts left by Buddhism give us no positive information with regard to the meaning and origin of the trisula.

1894, Eugène Goblet d'Alviella, The Migration of Symbols:

The trisula placed upon a pillar surmounted by flames is the monogram of Buddha.

1945, William J. Fielding, Strange Superstitions and Magical Practices, page ii. 15:

She had a trishul in one hand. Her long raven-black hair was left loose.

2004, Khushwant Singh, Burial at Sea, Penguin, page 96:

The trishula is most commonly associated with the god Shiva, one of the most prominent Hindu deities and the primary god in the sect of Hinduism known as "Shaivism."

2014, Micah Issitt, Carlyn Main, Hidden Religion, page 168:

(Hinduism, Buddhism) A trident, seen as a religious symbol of Hinduism and Buddhism.


exomologesis

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐξομολόγησις (exomológēsis, “confession”).

ἐξομολόγησις

Will the sinner knowingly spurn exomologesis, which has been instituted by God for his restoration? that exomologesis which restored the king of Babylon to his royal throne?

1959, Tertullian, “...”, in William P. Le Saint, editor, Treatises on Penance: On Penitence and On Purity, Issue 28, →ISBN, page 36:

(religion) The rite of confession and repentance.


antipaedobaptism

(religion) Opposition to the baptism of infants.


incardination

en-noun

incardination (countable and uncountable, plural incardinations)

(ecclesiastical) The act of incardinating.


perispirit

From peri- + spirit.
In Allan Kardec's 1857 book The Spirits Book (Le Livre des Esprits in original French), the term is defined with a direct analogy to perisperm (“layer of nutritive tissue that surrounds the embryo of a seed in some angiosperms”).

(spiritualism) A layer of an abstract, ethereal material that is said to serve as the bond between one's spirit and physical body.


s.a.w.w.

An initialism formed from Arabic صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم (ṣallā llāhu ʕalayhi wasallam).

uder

صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم

صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم


means of grace

(Christianity, theology) a means by which God gives grace, usually considered to include both word and sacrament, and often other ways as well


tawiz

Borrowed from Hindi तावीज़ (tāvīz) / Urdu تَعْوِیذ (taʻwīẕ, taʻvīẕ), from Arabic تَعْوِيذ (taʕwīḏ)

bor

Urdu تَعْوِیذ (taʻwīẕ, taʻvīẕ)

Arabic تَعْوِيذ (taʕwīḏ)

An amulet or locket containing verses from the Qur'an or other Islamic prayers and symbols.


habous

(Islam, law) An equivalent of mortmain in Islamic law


chorten

Borrowed from Tibetan མཆོད་རྟེན (mchod rten).


Sherifian

(Islam) Relating to a descendant of Muhammad through his daughter Fatima


goddessling

The cult of the goddessling Suo-Duo or So-Do is so strongly prevalent in Lower Bengal that, on the Pous Sankrant Day or Makar Sankrant Day, which falls on or about...

1928, The Journal of the Anthropological Society of Bombay, volume 14, page 811:

After they had become Hinduized and had adopted Hindu manners and customs, they began to worship a number of Hindu godlings and goddesslings along with their old tribal deities.

1984, Indian Culture: Journal of the Indian Research Institute, volume 4, page 247:

its paganism looks away from nature to myth or (as Coleridge unkindly put it when preferring Hebrew poetry to Greek), for the Greeks ‘all natural objects were dead – mere hollow statues – but there was a godkin or goddessling included in each’.

1988, Laurence Lerner, “Ovid and the Elizabethans”, in Ovid Renewed, page 134:

(religion) A minor female divinity; a local or inferior goddess.


trichiliocosm

From tri- + chilia- + cosmos, partially calquing Sanskrit त्रिसहस्रमहासहस्रलोकधातु (trisahasramahāsahasralokadhātu, literally “three thousand million world element”).

der

त्रिसहस्रमहासहस्रलोकधातु

(Buddhism) A concept in cosmology of a "third-order" universe containing one thousand second-order clusters, which are made of one thousand first-order clusters, which are in turn made of a thousand worlds each. Billion-fold universe.


zindiq

From Arabic زِنْدِيق (zindīq, “heretic”), itself from Middle Persian 𐭦𐭭𐭣𐭩𐭪 (zandīk).

(Islam, historical, derogatory) In medieval times, a person whose views or practices were considered contrary to Islamic dogma; a heretic or unbeliever, or one who practised heretical magic.


sukuk

Borrowed from Arabic صُكُوك (ṣukūk), plural of صَكّ (ṣakk, “bond, deed”).

(Islam, economics) A bond that generates a return to an investor without infringing Islamic laws against interest.


anicca

(Buddhism) Impermanence, the doctrine claiming that all of conditioned existence, without exception, is transient. One of the three marks of existence.

ဢၼိၵ်ႈၸႃႉ

ʼǎ nīk tsâ̰a


garbhagriha

Transliteration of Sanskrit गर्भगृह (garbhagṛha).

transliteration

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) The innermost sanctum of a temple, where the murti of the primary deity is found.


sun disc

(religion) A disc symbolizing the sun, especially as used as religious symbol in ancient Egypt.


Telessar

Gozan, Harran, Rezeph, and Telessar were in Mesopotamia. Some other places are not known.

1882, Cunningham Geikie, Rehoboam to Hezekiah, page 454:

Sennacherib mentions it in 2 Kings 19:12 and Isaiah 37:12 when referring to the 'children of Eden, which were in Telessar'; and the possessions of Pharaoh are referred to in Ezekiel 31:9 as extending to Eden.

2013, Caleb L Moore, The Cherubim, →ISBN, page 11:

(biblical) A city mentioned in 2 Kings 19:12 and Isaiah 37:12 as the destroyed city of the "children of Eden".


Flandrian

(religion, historical) A member of a strict group of Mennonites who mostly lived in Flanders.


Flemingian

(religion, historical) Synonym of Flandrian


hierophanical

en-adj

hierophanical (comparative more hierophanical, superlative most hierophanical)

more hierophanical (comparative)
most hierophanical (superlative)

/ˌhɪəɹɒˈfænɪkəl/

We will intend to evaluate, throughout the two consecutive parts of this study, which is to be considered the status at the very same time hierophanical and cosmological, ontological and anthropological, that the notion of Beauty […]

2000, Anales del Seminario de Historia de la Filosofía, volume 17, Madrid: Facultad de Filosofía y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, →ISSN, abstract, page 77:

(religion, less common) Of or pertaining to a hierophany; hierophanic.


hierophanically

en-adv

hierophanically (comparative more hierophanically, superlative most hierophanically)

more hierophanically (comparative)
most hierophanically (superlative)

From hierophanic + -ally or hierophanical + -ly.

Above all, the mystery cults of the ancient world provided man with a god on which he could have a hold. The god was individuated enough to be a person, born hierophanically by a real bull or goat or pig, physically slaughtered, and physically consumed, or symbolically by means of real substitutes, identified with the forces of nature, […]

1983, Henry O[rrin] Thompson, editor, The Global Congress of the World's Religions: Proceedings, 1980–1982, Washington, D.C.: Global Congress of the World's Religions, →OCLC, page 285:

This disquieting insight may also give rise to the exhilarating possibility that there may be a transcendent realm outside of the physical, visible world of everyday existence, which can periodically manifest itself hierophanically in moments of gnosis.

2007 May, Jeffrey Lamar Howard, Heretical Reading: Freedom as Question and Process in Postmodern American Novel and Technological Pedagogy (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation), Austin, Tx.: University of Texas at Austin, →OCLC, page 98:

Under no circumstance should we be dismissive of spectators and critics who find these films more satisfying, more hierophanically potent or real. Individuals coached into a high-literate mode of textual engagement may be understandably equating quiescence and quietude with the sacramental.

2012, Sheila J. Nayar, The Sacred and the Cinema: Reconfiguring the ‘Genuinely’ Religious Film, London, New York, N.Y.: Continuum, →ISBN:

In this passage, the natural elements hierophanically explicate a display of divine action in Creation and disclose somewhat of the nature of the one God, here with emphasis on God's creative powers and omniscience.

2014, Georgina L. Jardim, Recovering the Female Voice in Islamic Scripture: Women and Silence (Ashgate New Critical Thinking in Religion, Theology and Biblical Studies Series), Farnham, Surrey, Burlington, Vt.: Ashgate Publishing, →ISBN:

(religion) In a hierophanic (or hierophanical) manner.


hierophanic

en-adj

hierophanic (comparative more hierophanic, superlative most hierophanic)

more hierophanic (comparative)
most hierophanic (superlative)

/hɪəˈɹɒfənɪk/

Among primitive peoples whatever appears unusual, singular, horrendous, frightening, outside the pattern of habit and social life, becomes transferred into the sphere of the hierophanic. Whatever is in some way 'perfect' is also considered to be hierophanic, […]

1979, S[abino] S. Acquaviva, translated by Patricia Lipscomb, The Decline of the Sacred in Industrial Society, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Row, →ISBN, page 28:

To borrow from the vocabulary of the history of religions, cloud seems to have a hierophanic significance; in other words, it is an object that manifests that which is sacred, or contributes to its manifestation. However, the identification of an isolated hierophanic element is not, in itself, interesting.

2002, Hubert Damisch, “Sign and Representation”, in Janet Lloyd, transl., A Theory of Cloud: Toward a History of Painting, Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 44:

For the Catholic Church, priesthood is the structural mechanism by which the believing community normally gains access to its foundational hierophanic faith-events. By means of the socially constructed hierarchic power invested in it, priesthood accesses, coordinates, and controls hierophanic power. The only authentically religious use of priestly hierarchic power, however, is to produce, disseminate, and maintain the ascetical and mystical means of fostering awareness and submission to the Ultimate Source of hierophanic power: Divine Being.

2002, Richard A. Schoenherr, “Hierarchy and Hierophany”, in David Yamane, editor, Goodbye Father: The Celibate Male Priesthood and the Future of the Catholic Church, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 125:

The tornado could be added to the list. Its characteristics and shape certainly place it in the more hierophanic phenomenon of the sky, for what better metaphor for a tornado than the finger of God, that appendage that links the celestial to the terrestrial?

2008 spring, Patrick J. Crerand, “The Tornadic Impulse in the Short Fiction of Michael Martone and William Gass: A Tornadic Utterance with Criticism”, in The Land of Good Deeds (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation), Lafayette, La.: University of Louisiana at Lafayette, →OCLC, page 4:

Imaginal players are normally from an a-historical realm of "reality." They tend to appear in accounts of hierophanic history rather conventional history. Some people claim to perceive these figures through the creative imagination. And though the existence of imaginal players cannot be verified through scientific methods, they live in the world of meaning of religious people. Imaginal players may be anthropomorphic (with human form), theriomorphic (with animal form), or polymorphic (with multiple forms). For instance, (1) the Hebrew patriarch Jacob wrestled with an angel who looked like a man; (2) A buffalo may appear in the visions of Native Americans performing the Sun Dance; and (3) Hindu Arjuna saw Kṛṣṇa display countless heads and arms in an astounding panoramic vision of "time itself" while in his chariot on the battlefield.

2008, Victoria Kennick Urubshurow, “Approaching Religious Traditions”, in Introducing World Religions, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN, page 22:

(religion) Of or pertaining to (a particular) hierophany; hierophanical.


jahilliya

From Arabic جَاهِلِيَّة (jāhiliyya, “ignorance”).

bor

(Islam) A pre-Islamic period of ignorance and darkness.


Zaynab

Arabic زَيْنَب (zaynab, literally “fragrant flower”).

uder

(Islam) The daughter of the prophet Muhammad.

(Islam) The granddaughter of the prophet Muhammad.


marjaiya

Borrowed from Arabic مَرْجِعِيَّة (marjiʕiyya)

bor

مَرْجِعِيَّة

The role of the marjaiya is to be the protector of the rights of society.

2015 November 1, Tim Arango, “In Bid to Counter Iran, Ayatollah in Iraq May End Up Emulating It”, in New York Times:

(Islam) The supreme religious body of ayatollahs in Shi'ism.


Commander of the Faithful

Calque of Arabic أَمِير الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (ʔamīr al-muʔminīna)

calque

أَمِير الْمُؤْمِنِينَ

(Islam) Arabic title of caliphs and other independent sovereign Muslim rulers who claim legitimacy from a community of Muslims.


Mordecai

Borrowed from Hebrew מָרְדֳּכַי (mordocháy).

bor+

(biblical) One of the main personalities in the Book of Esther. He adopted and raised his cousin Esther and foiled a plot to assassinate the king.

مَرْدْخَاي

a Biblical character in the Book of Esther


diyya

en-noun

diyya (countable and uncountable, plural diyat)

(Islam) A financial compensation paid, under sharia law, to the victim or their heirs in cases of homicide, bodily harm, or property damage (in some cases the victim side must accept this payment, while in others it can insist on talion instead).


midsphere

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-midsphere.wav

This celestial river (Nadī) transforms into [the] terrestrial one (sindhu) after falling from heaven (midsphere) in the form of rain-drops.

2003, Ravi Prakash Arya, New discoveries about Vedic Sarasvatī, page 22:

The smoke emitted by a burnt solid being vikāra of gaseous water, experiences upward acceleration to join the midsphere water.

2005, Vishveshvaranand Indological Journal, volumes 43-44, page 48:

The whole universe of these deities in divided in three spheres— earth, midsphere and sky.

2009, Śaśi Tivārī, Alka B. Bakre, editors, Contemporary world order: a Vedic perspective, World Association for Vedic Studies, India Conference, page 173:

(religion, Vedic mythology, uncountable) A supposed realm between earth and heaven.


qisas

(Islam, law) Under sharia law, the principle of retaliation in kind, or retributive justice.


patriology

From Ancient Greek πατέρας (patéras, “father”) + -logy.

uder

(Christianity, theology) A discipline of Christian theology, involving the study of God the Father as revealed in Scripture.


sehar

Food blogger and doctor, Wasim M Mohindeen adds, "I try and stay away from spices during the sehar (the meal before dawn).

2016 June 16, “Fast and feast responsibly this Ramadan!”, in The Times of India:

(India, Islam) Alternative form of suhur


walima

(Islam) The marriage banquet held as part of an Islamic wedding.

velime

(Islam) the marriage banquet held as part of an Islamic wedding


latreutic

Borrowed from Ancient Greek λατρευτικός (latreutikós, “servile”).


Purif

Purification Rundown
Purification Rundown


Purification Rundown

en-noun

Purification Rundown (plural Purification Rundowns)

(Scientology) A detoxification program used by the Church of Scientology, involving exercise, vitamins, and long periods in a sauna, and supposed to treat long-term effects of drug abuse or exposure to toxins.


prayer meeting

(religion) a meeting held for the purpose of offering prayers.


gandharva

Borrowed from Sanskrit गन्धर्व (gandharva).

(Buddhism) A being in the intermediate state between death and rebirth.


sadhaka

(Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism) A person who follows a particular sadhana, or goal-directed spiritual practice.


Jeconiah

From Latin Iechonias, Ancient Greek Ἰεχονίας (Iekhonías), from Hebrew יְכָנְיָה (y'khonyá).

(historical, biblical) An ancient king of Judah, the son and successor of King Jehoiakim, who was dethroned by the King of Babylon in the 6th century BC and taken into captivity.


Vamachara

The Dakshinacharas emphasised the male principle while the Vamacharas paid more attention to the female principle. But, both exalted sex to a religious principle.

1967, K. Damodaran, Indian Thought: A Critical Survey, page 235:

Above all, in the medley of Aryans, Mongols and aborigines, which it created, it unconsciously led the way to some of the hideous Vamacharas.

1993, Venkateswarier Subramaniam, Buddhist-Hindu Interactions: From Śakyamuni to Śankarācarya, page 73:

The Vamacharas follow texts like Kularnava, Kamika, and the Parasurama agamas among others.

2009, V. R. Parthasarathy, Indu Parthasarathy, Devi: goddesses in Indian art and literature, page 65:

(religion, tantric religion) A follower of the vamachara path.


akh

Borrowed from Arabic أَخ (ʔaḵ, “brother”). Doublet of ock.

(Islam, MLE, MTE, slang) Brother; a close male friend or associate.


vamachara

vamachara (countable and uncountable, plural vamacharas)

/'vɑːmɑːtʃɑːrə/

From Sanskrit वामाचार (vāmācāra, “left (-hand) path; left-handed attainment”).

der

The other vamachara does indeed exist here with all its objectionable practices, in the name of the worship of innumerable petty female deities such as Mariyamman.

1977, Saiva Siddhanta, volume 12, page 65:

2002, Vamachara, entry in James G. Lochtefeld, The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z, page 736,
Within the tantric tradiion itself there is a long-standing debate about the propriety of such acts, and whereas the vamachara practice uses these elements in their actual forms, in the dakshinachara ("right-hand") practice other items are substituted for the forbidden ones.

She also predicted the tantric sadhanas I would do in the future, both vamachara and dakshinachara.
‘Vamachara? I have no such plan, Mother.’
'You will have to do lata sadhan, mahacheen kram, kaulik sadhana and mahamudra.'
She laughed, for she had just named sadhanas that required a female consort.

2014, Om Swami, If Truth Be Told: A Monk's Memoir, unnumbered page:

(religion, tantric religion) A path to bliss through practices, including meat-eating, breaking social taboos and indulging in sex and intoxicants, that are sometimes considered immoral.


sahih

bor

Arabic صَحِيح (ṣaḥīḥ)

(Islam) authentic: said of a hadith that has been preserved and transmitted accurately


mustahabb

Borrowed from Arabic مُسْتَحَبّ (mustaḥabb, “recommended”), passive participle of اِسْتَحَبَّ (istaḥabba, “to deem recommended”).

(Islam) Of an action, in religious terms: recommended, favourable, virtuous.


wellah

He cast out the demons of possessed persons, and he bound the jân, wellah, in yonder corner.

1888, Charles Montagu Doughty, Travels in Arabia Deserta:


Western Christian

Western Christianity
Western Christianity

(religion, Christianity) Of or pertaining to Western Christianity.