abdest

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish آبدست (modern Turkish abdest), from Classical Persian آبْدَسْت (ābdast), compound of آب (āb, “water”) and دست (dast, “hand”).

(Islam) The Islamic act of washing parts of the body using water for ritual prayers and for handling and reading the Qur'an.


abraxas

(Gnosticism, historical) A transcription of Abrasax.


acceptilation

en-noun

acceptilation (countable and uncountable, plural acceptilations)

From Latin acceptilatio (“entry of a debt collected, acquittance”), from past participle of accipere (compare accept) + latio (“a carrying”), from latus, past participle of ferre (“to carry”).

der

(theology) The doctrine, laid down by Duns Scotus and maintained by the Arminians, that the satisfaction rendered by Christ was not in itself really a true or full equivalent, but was merely accepted by God, through his gracious goodwill, as sufficient.


acceptation

en-noun

acceptation (countable and uncountable, plural acceptations)

From Middle English acceptacioun, acceptation, from Middle French acceptacion and Late Latin acceptātiō.

This does not, however, mean that the habit of created charity may be regarded as the formal cause of divine acceptation, considered from the standpoint of the one who elicits the act of acceptation (i.e., God), as this must be regarded as lying within the divine will itself.

1998 [1986], Alister E. McGrath, Iustitia Dei: A History of the Christian Doctrine of Justification, 2nd edition, →ISBN, page 148:

(theology) The active divine decision to approve an act or circumstance, held by Scotists to be necessary to render it meritorious.


absolutism

absolutism (countable and uncountable, plural absolutisms)

First attested in 1753 (in the theological sense); attested in 1830 in the political sense. From absolute + -ism, based after French absolutisme.

The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles

Oxford University Press
w:Oxford University Press

(theology) Doctrine of preordination; doctrine of absolute decrees; doctrine that God acts in an absolute manner.

predestinatieleer

theology: doctrine of preordination; doctrine of absolute decrees


absolution

absolution (countable and uncountable, plural absolutions)

From Middle English absolucion, absolucioun, from Old French absolution, from Latin absolūtiōnem, accusative singular of absolūtiō (“acquittal”), from absolvō (“absolve”). See also absolve.

(ecclesiastical) An absolving of sins from ecclesiastical penalties by an authority.


OCR

(religion) Initialism of Office of the Chief Rabbi.


absolve

en-verb

absolve (third-person singular simple present absolves, present participle absolving, simple past and past participle absolved)

absolves (present singular third-person)
absolving (participle present)
absolved (participle past)
absolved (past)

First attested in the early 15th century. From Middle English absolven, from Latin absolvere, present active infinitive of absolvō (“set free, acquit”), from ab (“away from”) + solvō (“loosen, free, release”). Doublet of assoil.

To make confession and to be absolved.

1597, William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet, act 3, scene 5:

(transitive, theology) To grant a remission of sin; to give absolution to.

In his name I abſolve your perjury and ſanctify your arms: follow my footſteps in the paths of glory and ſalvation; and if ſtill ye have ſcruples, devolve on my head the puniſhment and the ſin.

1788, Edward Gibbon, chapter LXVII, in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, volume VI, London: […] W[illiam] Strahan; and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC, page 447:

(transitive, theology) To remit a sin; to give absolution for a sin.

antaa anteeksi

theology: to remit a sin; to give absolution for a sin


occultation

en-noun

occultation (countable and uncountable, plural occultations)

From Latin occultātiōnem, accusative singular of occultātiō (“concealment; insinuation”), from occultāre, present active infinitive of occultō (“to conceal, hide”); analysable as occult + -ation.

We are therefore, constantly hoping for the joy and happiness, personified in Imām al-Mahdi, the Imām who is alive at this very time, and who is himself awaiting the command of Allāh to reappear, so that he may strengthen the weak, and judge the oppressors. He will reappear "without having done Bay'ah to any oppressor". He went into occultation because he did not want [to] submit to any unjust ruler.

2002, Allamah Sayyid Saeed Akhtar Rizvi, Prophecies about Occultation of Imãm Al-Mahdi (A.S.), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Bilal Muslim Mission of Tanzania, →ISBN, page 7:

(Shia Islam) The disappearance of the Twelfth Imam, or Mahdi, who is believed alive and present in this world, but hidden until his reappearance at the end of time.

الغَيْبَة

Mahdi's disappearance in twelver Shiite's doctrine


gnosis

gnosis (countable and uncountable, plural gnoses)

From Ancient Greek γνῶσις (gnôsis, “knowledge”).

der

(religion) An immanent form of knowledge or transcendent insight, such as sought by the Gnostics.


servant

From Middle English servaunt, from Old French servant, from the present participle of the verb servir. Doublet of sergeant and servient. Morphologically serve + -ant. Displaced native Old English þeġn.

(religion) A person who dedicates themselves to God.


accommodation

en-noun

accommodation (countable and uncountable, plural accommodations)

/əˌkɔm.əˈdæɪ.ʃən/

From French accommodation, from Latin accommodātiō (“adjustment, accommodation, compliance”), from accommodō (“adapt, put in order”). Superficially accommodate + -ion. The sense of "lodging" was first attested in 1600.

der

(theology) An adaptation or method of interpretation which explains the special form in which the revelation is presented as unessential to its contents, or rather as often adopted by way of compromise with human ignorance or weakness.


tao

Daoism–Taoism romanization issue
Encyclopædia Britannica
Tao
circuit (administrative division)

From the Wade–Giles romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 道 (tao⁴).

The tao of Lao Tzu was a cosmic tao, inner and unwritten, a tao of Nature, while the tao of Confucius was moral and written.

2021, Olof G. Lidin, From Taoism to Einstein, page 196:

(Chinese philosophy and religion) Alternative letter-case form of Tao: the way of nature or way to live one's life.


abstinence

en-noun

abstinence (countable and uncountable, plural abstinences)

From Middle English abstinence, from Old French abstinence, from Latin abstinentia, from abstinēns, present participle of abstineō (“I withhold”). Equivalent to abstain + -ence.

"The church teaching before Vatican II was that it was 'gravely sinful' to take 2 ounces of meat on a day of abstinence such as Friday," said the Rev. Joseph S. Rossi, a Jesuit professor of church history at Loyola College.

1995 September 18, Rafael Alvarez, “Catholics asked to avoid eating meat on Fridays Cardinal suggests abstinence in weeks leading up to Pope's visit”, in Baltimore Sun:

The act or practice of abstaining, refraining from indulging a desire or appetite.

(ecclesiastical) Abstention from certain foods on days of penitential observance.


Israel

→ Japanese: イスラエル (Isuraeru)

From Middle English Israel, from Old English, borrowed from Latin Israel, from Ancient Greek Ἰσραήλ (Israḗl), from Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'él, “Israel”). In the Bible, it is said to be from the name יִשְׂרֶה אֵל (yisré 'él) given to Jacob in he:T:29, after which his descendants came to be known as Israelites and their land as the "kingdom/land of Israel". The personal name, already attested in Eblaite 𒅖𒊏𒅋 (iš-ra-il) and Ugaritic 𐎊𐎌𐎗𐎛𐎍 (yšrỉl), has been variously translated as "he wrestles with God", "he prevails with God", or "God rules" (possibly from the same root ש־ר־ה/ש־ר־ר as שָׂרָה (“Sarah”)).
Line 27 of the Merneptah Stele (from about 1200 B.C.E.) is thought to contain the earliest attestation of the name Israel in any language, Egyptian ysrjꜣr.
: i-i-z:Z1s*Z1s:r-i-A-r:Z1*T14-A1*B1:Z2
Doublet of Yisroel.

(biblical) A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people.


choir

From Middle English quer, quere, from Old French quer, from Latin chorus, from Ancient Greek χορός (khorós, “company of dancers or singers”). Modern spelling influenced by chorus and French chœur. Doublet of quire, chorus, and hora.

der

Seraphim, Cherubim, and Thrones are three of the choirs of angels.

(Christian angelology) One of the nine ranks or orders of angels.


word

en-noun

word (countable and uncountable, plural words)

desc

Chinese Pidgin English: word, 𭉉 (Chinese spelling)

From Middle English word, from Old English word, from Proto-West Germanic *word, from Proto-Germanic *wurdą, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰh₁om. Doublet of verb and verve; further related to vrata.

you get more with a kind word and a gun than you do with a kind word alone

Her parents had lived in Botswana, spreading the word among the tribespeople.

(theology, sometimes Word) Communication from God; the message of the Christian gospel; the Bible, Scripture.

And that worde was made flesshe, and dwelt amonge vs, and we sawe the glory off yt, as the glory off the only begotten sonne off the father, which worde was full of grace, and verite.

1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, John:

And so the Word had breath, and wrought
With human hands the creed of creeds
In loveliness of perfect deeds,
More strong than all poetic thought; […]

1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XXXVI, page 56:

(theology, sometimes Word) Logos, Christ.


weekday

Inherited from Middle English weke-day, from Old English wicdæġ. By surface analysis, compound of week + day. Compare West Frisian wikedei (“weekday”), Dutch weekdag (“weekday”), German Wochentag (“weekday”), Danish ugedag (“weekday”), Swedish veckodag (“weekday”), Norwegian ukedag (“weekday”).

surf

Any individual day of the week, except those which form the weekend or the single weekly day off; that is:

(Islam) Saturday, Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, but not Friday.


give

en-verb

give (third-person singular simple present gives, present participle giving, simple past gave, past participle given)

gives (present singular third-person)
giving (participle present)
gave (past)
given (participle past)
give (infinitive)

From Middle English given, from Old Norse gefa (“to give”), from Proto-Germanic *gebaną (“to give”). Merged with native Middle English yiven, ȝeven, from Old English ġiefan, from the same Proto-Germanic source (compare the obsolete inherited English doublet yive).

give a man a fish and you feed him for a day

teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime

give him enough rope and he'll hang himself

give someone an inch and someone will take a mile

give them an inch and they'll take a mile

give them an inch and they'll take an ell

give with one hand and take away with the other

These are the statutes and judgments, which ye shall observe to do in the land, which the Lᴏʀᴅ God of thy fathers giveth thee to possess it, all the days that ye live upon the earth.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Deuteronomy 12:1:

once again
'Tis given me to behold my friend.

1700, Nicholas Rowe, The Ambitious Stepmother, page 13:

Then give thy friend to shed the sacred wine.

1725, Homer, “Book III”, in [Alexander Pope], transl., The Odyssey of Homer. […], volume I, London: […] Bernard Lintot, →OCLC:

(dated or religion) To grant power, permission, destiny, etc. (especially to a person); to allot; to allow.


POW

place of worship
place of worship#English

(religion) Initialism of place of worship.


cast

cast (third-person singular simple present casts, present participle casting, simple past and past participle cast or (nonstandard) casted)

casts (present singular third-person)
casting (participle present)
cast (participle past)
cast (past)
casted (nonstandard participle past)
casted (nonstandard past)
cast (infinitive)

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *kas-
Proto-Germanic *kastōną
Old Norse kastabor.
Middle English casten
English cast
From Middle English casten, from Old Norse kasta (“to throw, cast, overturn”), from Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw, cast”), of unknown origin.
Cognate with Scots cast (“to cast, throw”), Danish kaste (“to throw”), Swedish kasta (“to throw, cast, fling, toss, discard”), Icelandic kasta (“to pitch, toss”). In the sense of "flinging", displaced native warp.
The senses relating to broadcasting are based on that same term; compare -cast.

cog

let he who is without sin cast the first stone

let him that is without sin cast the first stone

let him who is without sin cast the first stone

(Wicca) To open a circle in order to begin a spell or meeting of witches.


know

en-verb

know (third-person singular simple present knows, present participle knowing, simple past knew or (nonstandard) knowed, past participle known or (colloquial and nonstandard) knew)

knows (present singular third-person)
knowing (participle present)
knew (past)
knowed (nonstandard past)
known (participle past)
knew (colloquial nonstandard participle past)
know (infinitive)

From Middle English knowen, from Old English cnāwan (“to know, perceive, recognise”), from Proto-West Germanic *knāan, from Proto-Germanic *knēaną (“to know”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).
cognates
* from Proto-Germanic: Scots knaw (“to know, recognise”), Icelandic kná (“to know, know how to, be able”), Old High German knājan (“to know, recognise”), Old Norse kná (“to know how”). Remotely related also Dutch and German kennen, West Frisian kenne (see English ken).
* from Indo-European: Latin gnoscō, Latin cognoscō (Spanish conocer, French connaître, Italian conoscere, Portuguese conhecer), Ancient Greek γνωρίζω (gnōrízō, “I know”) and γνῶσις (gnôsis, “knowledge”), Albanian njoh (“I know, recognise”), Russian знать (znatʹ, “to know”), Lithuanian žinoti (“to know”), and Persian شناختن (šenâxtan, “to know”).

...に精通している

...にせいつうしている

better the devil you know (than the devil you don't; than the one you don't

know one's ass from a hole in the ground

know one's head from a hole in the ground

know the difference between one's ass and a hole in the ground

know which side one's bread is buttered on

that's for me to know and you to find out

the devil we know is better than the devil we don't know

the devil you know is better than the devil you don't know

the left hand doesn't know what the right hand is doing

you don't know what you're talking about

you don't need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows

you never know what you've got till it's gone

AFterwarde the man knewe Heuáh his wife, which cõceiued & bare Káin, & ſaid, I haue obteined a man by yͤ Lord.

1560, [William Whittingham et al., transl.], The Bible and Holy Scriptures Conteyned in the Olde and Newe Testament. […] (the Geneva Bible), Geneva: […] Rouland Hall, →OCLC, Genesis IIII:1, folio 2, verso:

Now Gerald had never thought of her having a mother. Then there must have been a father, too, some time. And Miss Wilmarth existed because two people once had loved and known. It was not a thought to dwell upon.

1939, Dorothy Parker, “Horsie,”, in Here lies: The collected stories of Dorothy Parker:

Wait a second. Are you… attempting to know me?

2003 May 11, Garland Testa, 19:37 from the start, in Gary McCarver, director, Night and Deity (King of the Hill), season 7, episode 21, spoken by Dale Gribble (Johnny Hardwick), 20th Century Fox:

know someone in the biblical sense
know someone in the biblical sense

(transitive) To be acquainted or familiar with; to have encountered.

(transitive, archaic, biblical, euphemistic) To have sexual relations with. This meaning normally specified in modern English as e.g. to ’know someone in the biblical sense’ or to ‘know biblically.’


Yahweh

The usual form of the ancient West Semitic (Hebrew) יהוה used in scholarship.
Used especially in discussions of the religion of the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah.
The spelling Jahweh was used in German since the 1850s. The spelling Yahweh in English (ensuring the pronunciation of the initial consonant as /j/) first appears in the 1860s, e.g. in the Herald of the Kingdom and Age to Come edited by John Thomas, founder of the Antipas Christadelphians (vol. X. no. 1, Westchester, NY, January 1860). First appeared in English Bible translations for the Tetragrammaton in the 1902 Emphasized Bible (EBR).

1985 "At the time when Yahweh God made earth and heaven" (New Jerusalem Bible, Genesis 2:4)

(biblical) In "Sacred Name Bibles", a transliteration of the Tetragrammaton.


Jehovah

→ Tokelauan: Ieova

/d͡ʒəˈhəʊ.və/

Transliteration of Hebrew יְהֹוָה (yəhōwā), the Masoretic vocalization of the Biblical Hebrew יהוה (variously pronounced).
The Masoretic vocalization is a so-called qere perpetuum, the deliberate insertion of the vowels of another word than the one represented by the consonant text, in this case אֲדֹנָי (“my lord”) ('Adonai').
Continuing earlier Iehoua. In English, the name is first attested in 1530, in Tyndale's Bible: I appeared vnto Abraham Isaac and Iacob an allmightie God: but in my name Iehouah was I not knowne vnto them (Exodus 6:3).
Tyndale used Iehouah instead of Wycliffe's Adonay. The KJV also has Jehovah in this verse specifically, while it uses Lord otherwise. Young's Literal Translation (1898) has Jehovah. The New King James Version (1982) has Lord.

2 And God spake vnto Moses, and said vnto him, I am the Lord.
3 And I appeared vnto Abraham, vnto Isaac, and vnto Iacob, by the Name of God Almighty, but by my name IEHOVAH was I not knowen to them.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 6:2–3:

After Serena Williams’ win at Wimbledon today, she will likely say — as she usually does after a big win — “I want to thank Jehovah God.”[…]
“I have to thank Jehovah God for this,” Serena Williams told the crowd after receiving the trophy at the Australian Open in January, her sixth win there.

2015 July 11, Kimberly Winston, “Serena Williams’ secret weapon: The surprising faith of the Wimbledon champ”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-07-14, Acts of Faith:

Stop! Stop, will you?! Stop that! Stop it! Now, look! No one is to stone anyone until I blow this whistle! Do you understand?! Even, and I want to make this absolutely clear, even if they do say Jehovah.

1979, Scene 5: Premature Ejection, in Monty Python's Life of Brian, spoken by High Priest (John Cleese):

יהוה יהוה#Hebrew

(religion) The personal name of God in the Hebrew Scriptures; in Hebrew, יהוה (YHVH)

Jehovah

transliteration of the Masoretic vocalization of the Tetragrammaton


mosque

From Middle French mosquée, from Italian moschea, ultimately from Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid, literally “place of prostration”). Doublet of masjid.

der

There's a mosque near where I live.

(Islam) A place of worship for Muslims, often having at least one minaret; a masjid.


SP

en-noun

SP (countable and uncountable, plural SPs)

suppressive person
suppressive person#English

(Scientology) Initialism of suppressive person.


khutbah

Save your khutbah for another time.

(Islam) A talk or sermon delivered in mosques before the Friday prayer, or at other special occasions.


om

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit ओम् (om) (symbol ॐ (oṃ)). The former (om) is used in both Buddhist and Hindu settings, while the latter (aum) is usually used only in Jain and Hindu settings.

lbor

In fact it sounded exactly like the voice of Livia, her vanished sister, and, like her, it was intoning the Aum just as she used once to do at the beginning of her yoga sessions.

1982, Lawrence Durrell, Constance (Avignon Quintet), Faber & Faber, published 2004, page 800:

Om is pronounced "a-a-o-o-u-u-m-m" and is repeated slowly for as long as possible.

2001 October 20, Hazel Curry, The Guardian:

(Hinduism, Buddhism) A sacred, mystical syllable used in prayer and meditation.


credendum

Coordinate term: agendum

the great articles and credenda of Christianity

1692–1717, Robert South, Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London:

(theology) Something to be believed; an article of faith.


hajj

From Arabic حَجّ (ḥajj, “pilgrimage”), from حَجَّ (ḥajja, “to go, to repair”).

The word Hajj is explained by Moslem divines to mean “Kasd,” or aspiration, and to express man’s sentiment that he is but a wayfarer on earth wending towards another and a nobler world.

1855, Richard Francis Burton, Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah & Meccah, Appendix I:

The restored cottage, which has been open to tourists since 1891 (Woodrow Wilson came here on a cycling tour in 1899), is the Kaabah of a Lake District haj, a must-see for all pilgrims.

2000 June, Jamie James, “Wordsworth Slept Here”, in The Atlantic:

“He passed away due to diabetes while in prison,” the residential committee member said. “He was serving time in Tumshuq Prison for performing the hajj pilgrimage.”

2023 May 24, Shohret Hoshur, “Uyghur motorcycle repairman’s corpse released by prison in Kashgar prefecture”, in Roseanne Gerin, Malcom Foster, editors, Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2024-02-01, RFA Uyghur:

(Islam) The pilgrimage to Mecca made by pious Muslims; one of the five pillars of Islam.


south

en-noun

south (countable and uncountable, plural souths)

From Middle English south, from Old English sūþ, from Proto-West Germanic *sunþr, from Proto-Germanic *sunþrą. Compare West Frisian súd, Dutch zuid, German Süd, Danish syd.

по́лдень m (póldenʹ) (obsolete, now means "noon")

If candidates stand on the liturgical south facing the presider and liturgical assistants on the liturgical north, it will present better visual lines for the congregation than if they stand facing east and west with their backs toward the congregation.

1998, Leonel L. Mitchell, Pastoral and Occasional Liturgies: A Ceremonial Guide, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page 49:

It is to be situated in the chancel on the right (i.e., liturgical south) side of the church.

2002, John L. Hooker, In the Shadows of Holy Week: The Office of Tenebrae, Church Publishing, Inc., →ISBN:

It was moved from its original location in 1507 hardly a decade after it was completed, to the bottom of the liturgical south aisle along with the free-standing chapel of the relic of the lance.

2009, Carol Mary Richardson, Reclaiming Rome: Cardinals in the Fifteenth Century, BRILL, →ISBN, page 389:

[…] Throughout the book I refer directionally to the altar and chancel of St. Andrew's as situated at ecclesiastical east (to avoid overcomplicating matters), not geographical or magnetic southeast. Thus, […] The north side faces the river (beyond the subdivision behind the church), and the south side, Ashley River Road. […] The pulpit and reading desk are at ecclesiastical northeast, and the organ pipes and 1706 memorial at ecclesiastical south. At St. Andrew's, ecclesiastical north, south, east, and west correspond to geographical northeast, southwest, southeast, and northwest. Unless otherwise indicated, compass directions given in this book are ecclesiastical, not geographical, reference points.

2014, Paul Porwoll, Against All Odds: History of Saint Andrew's Parish Church, Charleston, 1706-2013, WestBow Press, →ISBN, page 365:

The new St Mary's Anglican Church, Walkerville, has an attached rectory flanking to the liturgical south and an attached parish hall flanking to the liturgical north, both half-timbered in the Tudor Revival style. [Referring to a church that is oriented SSE, making "south" WSW]

2017, Cameron Macdonell, Ghost Storeys: Ralph Adams Cram, Modern Gothic Media, and Deconstructive Microhistory at a Canadian Church, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, →ISBN:

(ecclesiastical) In a church: the direction to the right-hand side of a person facing the altar.


south

Throughout the book I refer directionally to the altar and chancel of St. Andrew's as situated at ecclesiastical east (to avoid overcomplicating matters), not geographical or magnetic southeast. Thus, […] The north side faces the river (beyond the subdivision behind the church), and the south side, Ashley River Road.

(ecclesiastical) Designating, or situated in, the liturgical south.


east

From Middle English est, from Old English ēast, from Proto-West Germanic *austr, from Proto-Germanic *austrą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewsér (“east”). Compare West Frisian east, Dutch oost, German Ost, Danish øst, Norwegian Nynorsk aust, Swedish öst.

восхо́д m (vosxód) (dated, now means "sunrise")

A few [Anglican churches in South Carolina, Virginia and Maryland] are oriented other than due [geographic] east—St. Paul's, St. George's, and Prince George's parish churches face northeast and St. Andrew's, southeast. […] Throughout the book I refer directionally to the altar and chancel of St. Andrew's as situated at ecclesiastical east (to avoid overcomplicating matters), not geographical or magnetic southeast. Thus, the altar is located at the east end of the church, and the gallery, at the west.

However, in Mies' chapel, liturgical east is magnetic west.

2018, Anat Geva, Modernism and American Mid-20th Century Sacred Architecture, Routledge, →ISBN:

The tapestry by Graham Sutherland that occupies the whole wall of the liturgical east and geographic north of the cathedral is recognisable to the point of visual exhaustion.

2019, Sarah Hosking, "Coventry Cathedral", in Prickett Stephen Prickett, Edinburgh Companion to the Bible and the Arts, Edinburgh University Press, →ISBN, page 371:

(ecclesiastical) In a church: the direction of the altar and chancel; the direction faced by the priest when celebrating ad orientem.


east

westward

antonym(s) of “situated or lying in or towards the east”

the east front of a cathedral

Throughout the book I refer directionally to the altar and chancel of St. Andrew's as situated at ecclesiastical east (to avoid overcomplicating matters), not geographical or magnetic southeast. Thus, the altar is located at the east end of the church, and the gallery, at the west.

The tapestry by Graham Sutherland that occupies the whole wall of the liturgical east and geographic north of the cathedral is recognisable […] a huge image of Christ on the [liturgical] east end, filling the entire wall and to be visible through the [liturgical] West Window (Fig. 24.2).

(ecclesiastical) Designating, or situated in, the liturgical east.


west

PIE word
 *wek(ʷ)speros
From Middle English west, from Old English west, from Proto-West Germanic *westr, from Proto-Germanic *westrą.
Cognate with Scots wast, Saterland Frisian Wääste, West Frisian west, Dutch west, German West, Danish vest. Cognate also with Old French west, French ouest, Spanish oeste, Portuguese oeste, Catalan oest, Galician oeste, Italian ovest (all ultimately borrowings of the English word). Compare also Latin vesper (“evening”), with which it is possibly cognate via Proto-Indo-European.

захо́д m (zaxód) (dated, now means "sunset")

In two respects, however, the cathedral [of St. Mary's in Sydney, Australia] differs from English traditions: it is oriented north-south, not east-west; and its main entry is from the south (liturgical west) between the two towers, in the French manner.

1997, John Haskell, John Callanan, Sydney Architecture, UNSW Press, →ISBN:

The seating for honored persons (clergy) is at the liturgical west, opposite the entrance and lectern.

2000, Mark L. MacDonald, The Chant of Life: Liturgical Studies Four, Church Publishing, Inc., →ISBN, page 98:

In most worship spaces, this will put the thurifer and gospeller facing liturgical west, book bearer facing liturgical east (or the book on the reading desk), and the torch bearers turned inward, facing the book.

2007, Patrick Malloy, Celebrating the Eucharist: A Practical Ceremonial Guide for Clergy and Other Liturgical Ministers, Church Publishing, Inc., →ISBN, page 155:

(ecclesiastical) In a church: the direction of the gallery, opposite to the altar, and opposite to the direction faced by the priest when celebrating ad orientem.


kami

Borrowed from Japanese 神 (kami, “god, spirit, deity”).

bor+

(religion, Shinto) An animistic God or spirit in the Shinto religion of Japan.

神

a god or spirit in the Shinto religion of Japan


north

en-noun

north (countable and uncountable, plural norths)

From Middle English north, from Old English norþ, from Proto-West Germanic *norþr, from Proto-Germanic *nurþrą, ultimately, these may derive from either: (a) Proto-Indo-European *h₁ner- (“inner, under”), from *h₁en (“in”); (b) alternatively from a Proto-Indo-European *ner- (“left, below”), as north is to the left when one faces the rising sun.
Cognate with various Germanic counterparts such as Dutch noord, West Frisian noard, German Nord, Danish and Norwegian nord; also with Greek νέρτερος (nérteros, “infernal, lower”).

cog

по́лночь f (pólnočʹ) (obsolete, now means "midnight")

Many early Christian basilicas were designed with twin ambos for the proclamation of the epistle (on the liturgical south side) and the Gospel (on the north). The separation of the ambos indicated the distinction that should be accorded the Gospel, which was proclaimed from the north as if evangelization needed to happen to the geographically southern part of the world.

2011, Paul Turner, At the Supper of the Lamb: A Pastoral and Theological Commentary on the Mass, LiturgyTrainingPublications, →ISBN, page 27:

At St. Andrew's, ecclesiastical north, south, east, and west correspond to geographical northeast, southwest, southeast, and northwest.

(ecclesiastical) In a church: the direction to the left-hand side of a person facing the altar.


north

[…] the high church had liked its clergy to preside at the Eucharist in an ad orientem position; the low church advocated what was called the north end position; but the Liturgical Movement asked the priest to take a basilical position, facing liturgical west, and now both Anglican factions could agree on this third position without either of them losing face.

2011, Michael Attridge, Catherine E. Clifford, Gilles Routhier, Vatican II: Expériences canadiennes – Canadian experiences, University of Ottawa Press, →ISBN, page 145:

Throughout the book I refer directionally to the altar and chancel of St. Andrew's as situated at ecclesiastical east (to avoid overcomplicating matters), not geographical or magnetic southeast. Thus, […] The north side faces the river (beyond the subdivision behind the church), and the south side, Ashley River Road. […] At St. Andrew's, ecclesiastical north, south, east, and west correspond to geographical northeast, southwest, southeast, and northwest. Unless otherwise indicated, compass directions given in this book are ecclesiastical, not geographical, reference points.

(ecclesiastical) Designating, or situated in, the liturgical north (in a church, the direction to the left-hand side of a person facing the altar).


path

From Middle English path, peth, from Old English pæþ (“path, track”), from Proto-West Germanic *paþ, from Proto-Germanic *paþaz (“path”). The Proto-Germanic term could be borrowed from Iranian, from Proto-Iranian *pántaHh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pántaHs, from Proto-Indo-European *póntoh₁s, from the root *pent- (“to pass”), but many go against it and it is far from being universally accepted. https://blog.oup.com/2015/11/path-word-origin-etymology/
Germanic cognates include West Frisian paad, Dutch pad, German Pfad. Indo-Iranian cognates could be Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬃 (paṇtā̊, “way”), Old Persian 𐎱𐎰 (p-θ /paθi/)), Sanskrit पन्था (panthā). See also English find). Doublet of panth.

(paganism) A Pagan tradition, for example witchcraft, Wicca, druidism, Heathenry.


icon

From Latin īcōn, from Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”). Eastern Orthodox Church sense is attested from 1833. Computing sense first recorded in 1982.

der

Last week the Archdiocese sent emmissaries to investigate the icon and decided that the tears were not a hoax, Father Koufos said.

1986 December 22, “‘Weeping Virgin’ Icon Draws Throngs To Chicago”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(religion, especially Eastern Christianity) A type of religious painting portraying a saint or scene from Scripture, often done on wooden panels.


maiden

From Middle English mayden, meiden, from Old English mæġden (“girl”), originally a diminutive of mæġeþ (“girl”) via diminutive suffix -en, from Proto-West Germanic *magaþ, from Proto-Germanic *magaþs. Equivalent to maid + -en.


flesh

en-noun

flesh (usually uncountable, plural fleshes)

From Middle English flesh, flesch, flæsch, from Old English flǣsċ, from Proto-West Germanic *flaiski, from Proto-Germanic *flaiski, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁ḱ- (“to tear, peel off”).

der

For all flesh is as grasse, and all the glory of man as the flowre of grasse: the grasse withereth, and the flowre thereof falleth away.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Peter 1:24:

For the flesh lusteth against the Spirit, and the spirit against the flesh: and these are contrary the one to the other: so that yee cannot doe the things that yee would.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Galatians 5:17:

1929 January, Bassett Morgan (Grace Jones), Bimini, first published in Weird Tales, reprinted 1949, in Avon Fantasy Reader, Issue 10,
But death had no gift for me, no power to free me from flesh.

(religion) The mortal body of a human being, contrasted with the spirit or soul.

(religion) The evil and corrupting principle working in man.


neologism

en-noun

neologism (countable and uncountable, plural neologisms)

/niːˈɒləd͡ʒɪzəm/

From French néologisme, from Ancient Greek νέος (néos, “new”) + λόγος (lógos, “word”) + -ism.

(theology, historical) Synonym of neology.


science

science (countable and uncountable, plural sciences)

→ Japanese: サイエンス

→ Malay: sains

→ Swahili: sayansi

From Middle English science, scyence, borrowed from Old French science, escience, from Latin scientia (“knowledge”), from sciens, the present participle stem of scire (“to know”).

O Timothy, keep that which is committed to thy trust, avoiding vain and profane babblings, and oppositions of science falsely so called: Which some professing have erred concerning the faith. Grace be with thee. Amen.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Timothy 6:20-21:

(now only theology) The fact of knowing something; knowledge or understanding of a truth.


blow

en-verb

blow (third-person singular simple present blows, present participle blowing, simple past blew, past participle blown)

blows (present singular third-person)
blowing (participle present)
blew (past)
blown (participle past)

From Middle English blowen, from Old English blāwan (“to blow, breathe, inflate, sound”), from Proto-West Germanic *blāan, from Proto-Germanic *blēaną (“to blow”) (compare German blähen), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₁- (“to swell, blow up”) (compare Latin flō (“to blow”) and Old Armenian բեղուն (bełun, “fertile”)).

der

Church of Scientology
Church of Scientology

(Scientology, intransitive) To leave the Church of Scientology in an unauthorized manner.


substance

en-noun

substance (countable and uncountable, plural substances)

From Middle English substance, from Old French substance, from Latin substantia (“substance, essence”), from substāns, present active participle of substō (“exist”, literally “stand under”), from sub + stō (“stand”). Displaced native Old English andweorc.

substancë

physical matter; material — see also matter

(theology, philosophy) Ousia, essence; underlying reality or hypostasis in the philosophical sense.


behemoth

/ˈbiː.əˌməθ/

From Middle English behemoth, bemoth, from Late Latin behemoth, from Hebrew בְּהֵמוֹת (behemót). Most likely, the Hebrew word is an intensive plural of בְּהֵמָה (behemá, “beast”), from Proto-Semitic (compare Ge'ez ብህመ (bəhmä, “to be dumb, to be speechless”), Arabic ب ه م (b-h-m)).
Some have instead suggested a borrowing from a hypothetical Egyptian pA-i-H-E1-mw (*pꜣ-jḥ-mw, “hippopotamus”, literally “the ox of the water”), from pꜣ (“definite article”) + jḥ (“ox, cattle”) + mw (“water”) in a direct genitive construction (for the pronunciation, compare the later Coptic descendants ⲡ- (p-) + ⲉϩⲉ (ehe) + ⲙⲟⲟⲩ (moou)); this, however, suffers from problems such as the lack of attestation of the supposed etymon, and there seems little reason to prefer it to the intensive plural explanation.

der

<i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">*pꜣ-jḥ-mw</i>

Coordinate term: leviathan

⸿ Beholde now Behemoth which I made with thee, hee eateth graſſe as an oxe.
 Loe now, his ſtrength is in his loynes, and his force is in the nauell of his belly.
 Hee moueth his taile like a Cedar: the ſinewes of his ſtones are wrapt together.
 His bones are as ſtrong pieces of braſſe: his bones are like barres of iron.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 40:15–18, column 1:

(biblical) A great and mighty beast which God shows to Job in Job 40:15–24.


circle

Pitcairn-Norfolk: sirkil

From Middle English circle, cercle, from Old French cercle and Latin circulus, diminutive of Latin circus (“circle, circus”), from Ancient Greek κίρκος (kírkos, “circle, ring”), related to Old English hring (“ring”). Compare also Old English ċircul (“circle, zodiac”), which came from the same Latin source.

دَائِرَة

geometry: set of all points in a plane within a radius

(Wicca) A ritual circle that is cast three times deosil and closes three times widdershins either in the air with a wand or literally with stones or other items used for worship.


tongue

en-noun

tongue (countable and uncountable, plural tongues)

Australian Kriol: tang

Bislama: tang

Sranan Tongo: tongo

Tok Pisin: tang

Torres Strait Creole: tang

From Middle English tonge, tunge, tung, from Old English tunge, from Proto-West Germanic *tungā, from Proto-Germanic *tungǭ (“tongue”) (compare West Frisian tonge, Dutch tong, Luxembourgish Zong, German Zunge, Yiddish צונג (tsung), Danish tunge, Norwegian Bokmål tunge, Swedish tunga, Gothic 𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉 (tuggō)), from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s. Cognate with Old Irish tengae, Latin lingua, Tocharian A käntu, Tocharian B kantwo, Lithuanian liežùvis, Russian язык (jazyk), Polish język, Old Armenian լեզու (lezu), Avestan 𐬵𐬌𐬰𐬎𐬎𐬁 (hizuuā), Persian زبان (zabân), Ashkun žū, Kamkata-viri dić, Sanskrit जिह्वा (jihvā́). Doublet of language and lingua.

puhe

uncountable: discourse, fluency of speech

Charity never faileth: but whether there be prophecies, they shall fail; whether there be tongues, they shall cease; whether there be knowledge, it shall vanish away.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Corinthians 13:8:

(religion, often in the plural) Glossolalia.


connection

connection (countable and uncountable, plural connections)

From Middle English conneccioun, connexioun, conneccyon, conneccion, from Latin connexionem (nominative connexio (“a conclusion, binding together”)), from connectō, an alternative spelling of cōnectō (“I bind together”), from compound of co- (“together”) and nectō (“I bind”).
In American English mid-18c., spelling shifted from connexion to connection (equivalent to connect + -ion), thus making connexion British dated and connection in international use.

disconnection

dysconnection, also archaic inconnection

(religion) A Methodist denomination as a whole, as opposed to its constituent churches, circuits, districts and conferences.


straight

en-adj

straight (comparative straighter, superlative straightest)

straighter (comparative)
straightest (superlative)

→ Japanese: ストレート

From Middle English streight, streght, streiȝt, the past participle of strecchen (“to stretch”), from Old English streċċan (past participle ġestreaht, ġestreht), from Proto-West Germanic *strakkjan (“to stretch”). Doublet of straught. Equivalent to stretch + -ed

der

Egypt is a long country, but it is straight, that is to say, narrow.

c. 1360, Sir John Mandeville, The Travels of Sir John Mandeville:

that the old streets are unfit for the present frequency of Coaches; and that the passage of Ludgate is a throat too straight for the body.

1814, John Britton, Edward Wedlake Brayley, Thomas Hood, The Beauties of England and Wales:

"Enter ye into the straight gate; for wide is the gate and broad is the way that leadeth unto destruction, and many go in thereat; because straight is the gate and narrow is the way that leadeth unto life, and few there be that find it."

1893, The Pulpit: A Magazine of Sermons - Volume 8, page 322:

Family or Gentile expansion: “Behold now the place where we dwell with thee is too straight for us.”

1894, American Anthropologist, page 153:

One is a wide gate and broad way seeker, while the other is the straight gate and narrow way seeker.

2013, Dr. Apostle Emmanuel Adebiyi, Purposes of the Cross:

(rare, now chiefly religion) Strait; narrow.


goddess

From Middle English goddesse, equivalent to god + -ess, formed about 1350. The figurative meaning is first found in Spenser's Shepheardes calender (1579). Displaced Old English gyden.


control

en-noun

control (countable and uncountable, plural controls)

From Middle English controllen, from Old French contrerole, from Medieval Latin contrārotulum (“a counter-roll or register used to verify accounts”), from Latin contrā (“against, opposite”) + Medieval Latin rotulus, Latin rotula (“roll, a little wheel”), diminutive of rota (“a wheel”).

der

"Ah, who are they? I wonder. Guides, controls, psychic entities of some kind. Who the agents of vengeance - or I should say justice - are, is really not essential."

1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:

(spiritualism, parapsychology) A spirit that takes possession of a psychic or medium and allows other spirits to communicate with the living.


sit

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sed-
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *sédyeti
Proto-Germanic *sitjaną
Proto-West Germanic *sittjan
Old English sittan
Middle English sitten
English sit
From Middle English sitten, from Old English sittan, from Proto-West Germanic *sittjan, from Proto-Germanic *sitjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“sit”).
Cognates
Cognate with West Frisian sitte, Low German sitten, Dutch zitten, German sitzen, Swedish sitta, Norwegian Bokmål sitte, Norwegian Nynorsk sitja; and with Irish suigh, Latin sedeo, Russian сиде́ть (sidétʹ).

etymon

(rare, Buddhism) An event, usually lasting one full day or more, where the primary goal is to sit in meditation.


act

en-noun

act (countable and uncountable, plural acts)

From Middle English acte, from Old French acte, from Latin ācta (“register of events”), plural of āctum (“decree, law”), from agere (“to do, to act”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti. Compare German Akte (“file”). Partially displaced deed, from Old English dǣd (“act, deed”).

(theology) Something done once and for all, as distinguished from a work.


principality

principality (countable and uncountable, plural principalities)

From Middle English principalte, principalite, from Anglo-Norman principalté, Middle French principalté, from Late Latin prīncipālitās, from Latin prīncipālis (“principal”) + -tās. Equivalent to principal + -ity.

(theology, countable) A spiritual being, specifically in Christian angelology, the fifth level of angels, ranked above powers and below dominions.


energy

energy (countable and uncountable, plural energies)

→ Cebuano: enerdyi

→ Japanese: エナジー (enajī)

→ Korean: 에너지 (eneoji)

From Middle French énergie, from Late Latin energia, from Ancient Greek ἐνέργεια (enérgeia, “activity”), from ἐνεργός (energós, “active”), from ἐν (en, “in”) + ἔργον (érgon, “work”). The sense in physics was coined by English polymath Thomas Young in 1802 in his lectures on Natural Philosophy.

coin

The three Persons of the Holy Trinity have the same opinion, make the same decision, and put forth the same energy and action.

2003, Carl S. Tyneh, Orthodox Christianity: Overview and Bibliography, page 21:

We hold, further, that there are two energies in our Lord Jesus Christ. For He possesses on the one hand, as God and being of like essence with the Father, the divine energy, and, likewise, since He became man and of like essence to us, the energy proper to human nature. […] Energy is the efficient and essential activity of nature; the capacity for energy is the nature from which proceeds energy; the product of energy is that which is effected by energy; and the agent of energy is the person or subsistence which uses the energy.

2017, Stoyan Tanev, Energy in Orthodox Theology and Physics: From Controversy to Encounter, quoting and translating the conclusions of the Fifth Council of Constantinople (1351), page 2

The doctrine of the divine energies states that the divine essence, God-in-himself, is unknowable to any creature, whereas God makes himself known in creation by his divine energies, which are inseparable from the divine essence yet distinct from it. Humans know and experience God through his energies. […] Energies are indeed God, but God is more than his energies.

2019, Paul Ladouceur, Modern Orthodox Theology: Behold, I Make All Things New, pages 368–369:

(Eastern Orthodoxy, theology, often in the plural) The external actions and influences resulting from an entity’s internal nature (ousia) and by which it is made manifest, as opposed to that internal nature itself; the aspect of an entity that can affect the wider world and be apprehended by other beings.


election

en-noun

election (countable and uncountable, plural elections)

From Middle English eleccioun, eleccion, from Anglo-Norman eleccioun, from Latin ēlectiōn-, stem of ēlectiō (“choice, selection”), from ēligō (“I pluck out, I choose”). Equivalent to elect + -ion.

[H]e [Paul] laboureth to comfort Timothy vvith the remembrance of the ſtedfaſtneſs of Gods eternal decree of Election, becauſe grounded on his foreknowledge; […]

1684, John Bunyan, A Holy Life, the Beauty of Christianity: Or, An Exhortation to Christians to be Holy, London: […] B. W. for Benj[amin] Alsop, […], →OCLC, page 3:

(theology) In Calvinism, God's predestination of saints including all of the elect.


squirrel

From Middle English squirel, squyrelle, from Anglo-Norman esquirel and Old French escurel (whence French écureuil), from Vulgar Latin *scūriolus, diminutive of *scūrius, variant of Latin sciūrus, from Ancient Greek σκίουρος (skíouros) "shadow-tail", from σκιά (skiá, “shadow”) + οὐρά (ourá, “tail”).
Displaced native Middle English acquerne, aquerne, from Old English ācweorna.

even a blind squirrel can find a nut once in a while

even a blind squirrel finds an acorn every now and then

even a blind squirrel finds an acorn every once in a while

(Scientology, often derogatory) A person, usually a freezoner, who applies L. Ron Hubbard's technology in a heterodox manner.


sin

sin (countable and uncountable, plural sins)

From Middle English sinne, synne, sunne, zen, from Old English synn (“sin”), from Proto-West Germanic *sunnju, from Proto-Germanic *sunjō (“truth, excuse”) and *sundī, *sundijō (“sin”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁s-ónt-ih₂, from *h₁sónts ("being, true", implying a verdict of "truly guilty" against an accusation or charge), from *h₁es- (“to be”); compare Old English sōþ ("true"; see sooth). Doublet of suttee.
Cognates
Cognate with Scots syn, sin (“sin”), Saterland Frisian Säände (“sin”), West Frisian sûnde (“sin”), Dutch zonde (“sin”), Low German sunn, sunne (“sin”), German Sünde (“sin”), Danish synd (“sin”), Swedish synd (“sin”), Icelandic synð, synd (“sin”), Latin sont-, sons (“sinful, guilty, criminal”). Doublet of suttee.

gloss

let he who is without sin cast the first stone

let him that is without sin cast the first stone

let him who is without sin cast the first stone

As a Christian, I think this is a sin against God.

Slavery, according to them, was a grievous sin against God, and therefore no human Constitution could rightfully shield it from destruction. It was sinful to live in a political confederacy which tolerated slavery in any of the States composing it;[…]

1866, James Buchanan, Mr. Buchanan's Administration on the Eve of the Rebellion, New York: D. Appleton and Company, →OCLC, →OL, page 9:

(theology) A violation of divine will or religious law.

colpa (per mia colpa, per mia grandissima colpa" - "for my sin, for my sin, for my very great sin)

used in the Christian phrase "per mia colpa


sin

en-verb

sin (third-person singular simple present sins, present participle sinning, simple past and past participle sinned)

sins (present singular third-person)
sinning (participle present)
sinned (participle past)
sinned (past)

(intransitive, theology) To commit a sin.


clear

en-adj

clear (comparative clearer, superlative clearest)

clearer (comparative)
clearest (superlative)

→ Welsh: clir

From Middle English clere, from Anglo-Norman cler, from Old French cler (Modern French clair), from Latin clarus. Displaced native Middle English schir (“clear, pure”) (from Old English scīr (“clear, bright”)), Middle English skere (“clear, sheer”) (from Old English scǣre and Old Norse skǣr (“sheer, clear, pure”)), Middle English smolt (“clear (of mind), serene”) (from Old English smolt (“peaceful, serene”)). Cognate with Danish klar, Dutch klaar, French clair, German klar, Italian chiaro, Norwegian klar, Portuguese claro, Romanian clar, Spanish claro, and Swedish klar.

Yes, and Jane came by with a lock of your hair. She said that you gave it to her that night that you planned to go clear. Did you ever go clear?

1971, Leonard Cohen, Famous Blue Raincoat:

(Scientology) Free from the influence of engrams; see Clear (Scientology).

clear-tila

scientology: free from the influence of engrams

no adjective, cases of this noun used to produce adjectival expressions


clear

Today, clear status can be conferred only by high ranking ministers of the church, and clears are not presented for examination by outsiders.

1985, Rodney Stark, William Sims Bainbridge, The Future of Religion, page 269:

(Scientology) A person who is free from the influence of engrams.


judge

→ Assamese: জজ (zoz)

→ Bengali: জজ (joj)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जज (jaj)

Urdu: جَج (jaj)

→ Odia: ଜଜ୍ (jaj)

→ Tamil: ஜட்ஜி (jaṭji)

→ Telugu: జడ్జ (jaḍja)

From Middle English juge, jugge, from Old French juge, from Latin iūdex. Displaced native Middle English deme (from Old English dēma (“judge”)) and demere (from Old English dēmere (“judge”)), see also deemer, deemster.

(historical, biblical) A shophet, a temporary leader appointed in times of crisis in ancient Israel.


heaven

en-noun

heaven (countable and uncountable, plural heavens)

horror

antonym(s) of “blissful place or experience”

From a wide variety of Middle English forms including hevene, heven, hevin, and hewin (“heaven, sky”), from Old English heofon, heofone (“heaven, sky”), from Proto-West Germanic *hebn (“heaven, sky”), of uncertain origin.
Cognate with Scots heiven, hewin (“heaven, sky”), Middle Dutch heven (“sky, heaven”), Low German Heven (“heaven, sky”), Middle High German heben (“sky, heaven”), and possibly the rare Icelandic and Old Norse hifinn (“heaven, sky”), which are all probably dissimilated forms of the Germanic root which appears in Old Norse himinn (“heaven, sky”), Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 (himins, “heaven, sky”), Old Swedish himin, Old Danish himæn and probably also (in another variant form) Old Saxon himil, Old Dutch himil (modern Dutch hemel), and Old High German himil (German Himmel).
Accepting these as cognates, some scholars propose a further derivation from Proto-Germanic *himinaz (“cover, cloud cover, firmament, sky, heaven”).

سَمَاء

سَمَاوَات pl (samāwāt)

فَلَك

أَفْلَاك pl (ʔaflāk)

And there was a battel in heauen. Michael & his Angels foght againſt the dragon, and the dragon foght & his Angels. But they preuailed not, nether was their place founde anie more in heauen.

Conſider firſt that the excommunicated Prelate ſaith... Kings are not immediatly from God, as by any ſpeciall Ordinance ſent from Heaven by the miniſtery of Angels and Prophets, there were but ſome few ſuch, as Moſes, Saul, David, etc.

1644, Samuel Rutherford, Lex, Rex: The Law and the Prince, V 16:

Better to reign in Hell, then serve in Heav'n.

1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, line 263:

Christ's coming from the heavens has entered into the life of humanity as the Founder of the world to come.

(religion) The abode of God or the gods, traditionally conceived as beyond the sky; especially:

(Christianity, usually capitalized) The abode of God and of the angels and saints in His presence.

With Ioue in heauen, or some where else.

c. 1588–1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:

As he [Muhammad] was returning, in the fourth Heaven, Moses advised him to goe back to God.

1649, Alexander Ross translating the Sieur Du Ryer, The Alcoran Of Mahomet, Translated out of the Arabique into French... newly Englished, 406

Like the Buddhas, they [the Jains] believe that there is a plurality of heavens and hells.

1832, Charles Coleman, The Mythology of the Hindus, XIII 220:

The heaven of Siva is in the midst of the eternal snows and glaciers of Keilás, one of the highest and deepest groups of the stupendous summits of Hémaláya.

1841, Mountstuart Elphinstone, The History of India, I ii iv 169:

To grasp the Chinese's notion of Heaven, we must look at the contexts in which tian is used... In the Book of Odes (Shi jing 詩經), which includes poems dated between the eleventh and seventh centuries BCE, tian is a place where the Heavenly Thearch resides.

2011, Lillian Tseng, Picturing Heaven in Early China, section 2:

(religion, by extension, often capitalized) The abode of the Abrahamic God; similar abodes of the gods in other religions and traditions, such as Mount Olympus.

[…]he cannot thriue,
Vnlesse her prayers, whom heauen delights to heare
And loues to grant, repreeue him from the wrath
Of greatest Iustice.

c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:

After that thou shalt haue knowen that the heauens doe rule.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Daniel 4:26:

[…]The will
And high permission of all-ruling Heaven.

1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

Heaven commands thine arm
To lift the sure-destroying sword!

...executing the just judgment of offended Heaven upon cattle-houghers, traitors, and assassins.

There's nothing we can do but pray to heaven for good luck.

1992, E. Yoshikawa, translated by W.S. Wilson, Taiko, II 186:

Cosmologists regarded Heaven as a force—composed of qi 氣, which was divided into yin 陰 and yang 陽 aspects—that kept the cosmos moving.

2011, Lillian Tseng, Picturing Heaven in Early China, section 3:

(by extension, usually capitalized) Providence, the will of God or the council of the gods; fate.

Teache the people to gett heuen with fastynge.

1544, Richard Tracy, A supplycacion to our moste soueraigne lorde Kynge henry the eyght Kynge of England of Fraunce and of Irelande, section C:

...what I speake
My body shall make good vpon this earth,
Or my diuine soule answer it in heauen.

1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene 1]:

Wee haue a great high Priest, that is passed into the heauens.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Hebrews 4:14:

(religion) The afterlife of the blessed dead, traditionally conceived as opposed to an afterlife of the wicked and unjust (compare hell); specifically:

(Christianity, Islam) Paradise, the afterlife of the souls who are not sent to a place of punishment or purification such as hell, purgatory, or limbo; the state or condition of being in the presence of God after death.

سَمَاء f جَنَّة f فِرْدَوْس

سَمَاوَات pl (samāwāt)

The belief in ascending to Heaven after death became widespread in the Han dynasty.

(religion, by extension, often capitalized) The afterlife of the blessed dead in other religions and traditions, such as the Pure Land or Elysium.

I wonder what your idea of heaven would be—A beautiful vacuum filled with wealthy monogamists, all powerful and members of the best families drinking themselves to death. And hell would probably be an ugly vacuum full of poor polygamists unable to obtain booze... To me heaven would be a big bull ring with me holding two barrera seats and a trout stream outside that no one else was allowed to fish in and two lovely houses in the town; one where I would have my wife and children and be monogamous and love them truly and well and the other where I would have my nine beautiful mistresses on 9 different floors...

1925 July 1, Ernest Hemingway, letter to F. Scott Fitzgerald


Sabbath

From Middle English sabat, sabbat, sabath, from Old English sabat and Old French sabbat, both from Latin sabbatum, from Ancient Greek σάββατον (sábbaton, “Sabbath”), from Hebrew שַׁבָּת (shabát, “Sabbath”), with the spelling ending in -th, probably influenced by the traditional transliteration of the Hebrew as shabbāth, being attested since the 14th century and widespread since the 16th. Doublet of Shabbat. Possibly from the Sumerian sa-bat ("mid-rest")


creationism

en-noun

creationism (usually uncountable, plural creationisms)

the preservation of the race of man is made to grow out of that quickening impulse, which we call the life of humanity. This notion, which was called Traducianism by the schoolmen (the system opposed to it being termed Creatianism ^([sic]))

1848, Robert Wilberforce, The Doctrine of the Incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ, in its relation to Mankind and to the Church:

(theology) The Abrahamic doctrine that each individual human soul is created by God, as opposed to traducianism.


power

power (countable and uncountable, plural powers)

→ German: Power

→ Welsh: pŵer

From Middle English power, poer, from Old French poeir, from Vulgar Latin potēre, from Latin posse, whence English potent. Compare French pouvoir. Displaced the native Old English anweald.

(biblical, in the plural) In Christian angelology, an intermediate level of angels, ranked above archangels, but exact position varies by classification scheme.


colt

From Middle English colt, from Old English colt, from Proto-Germanic *kultaz (“plump; stump; thick shape, bulb”), from Proto-Indo-European *gelt- (“something round, pregnant belly, child in the womb”), from *gel- (“to ball up, amass”). Cognate with Faroese koltur (“colt, foal”) Norwegian kult (“treestump”), Swedish kult (“young boar, boy, lad”). Related to child.


dead

en-adj

dead (not generally comparable, comparative deader, superlative deadest)

deader (comparative)
deadest (superlative)

From Middle English ded, deed, from Old English dēad, from Proto-West Germanic *daud, from Proto-Germanic *daudaz. Compare West Frisian dead, dea, Dutch dood, German tot, Danish, Norwegian død, Norwegian Nynorsk daud.

(to have) gone to one's final resting place

He was dead to the law. Whatever account others might make of it, yet, for his part, he was dead to it. […] But though he was thus dead to the law, yet he […] was far from thinking himself discharged from his duty to God' on the contrary, he was dead to the law, that he might live unto God.

1839, William Jenks, The Comprehensive Commentary on the Holy Bible: Acts-Revelation, page 361:

But he died to the guilt of sin—to the guilt of his people's sins which he had taken upon him; and they, dying with him, as is above declared, die to sin precisely in the same sense in which he died to it. […] He was not justified from it till his resurrection, but from that moment he was dead to it. When he shall appear the second time, it will be "without sin."

1849, Robert Haldane, Exposition of the Epistle to the Romans, page 255:

(rare, especially religion, often with "to") Indifferent to; having no obligation toward; no longer subject to or ruled by (sin, guilt, pleasure, etc).


crown

→ Japanese: クラウン (kuraun)

→ Korean: 크라운 (keuraun)

→ Maori: karauna

From Middle English coroune, from Anglo-Norman corone, from Latin corōna (“crown, wreath”), from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē). Doublet of corona, korona, koruna, krona, króna, and krone. Displaced native Old English corenbēag (“crown”); and Middle English kinehelm, kynehelm, from Old English cynehelm (“crown”).
* (paper size): So called because originally watermarked with a crown.

doublet

(religion) A round spot shaved clean on the top of the head, as a mark of the clerical state; the tonsure.


accentuation

en-noun

accentuation (countable and uncountable, plural accentuations)

/ˌækˌsɛn.t͡ʃəˈweɪ.ʃən/

/ˌɪkˌsɛn.t͡ʃəˈweɪ.ʃən/

From Late Latin accentuatio. Compare French accentuation. Equivalent to accentuate + -ion.

(ecclesiastical, music) Pitch or modulation of the voice in reciting portions of the liturgy.


wallah

From Arabic وَٱللّٰه (wal-lāh, literally “by God”).

der

may God be my witness
may God be my witness

(Islam) by God (Allah); may God be my witness. Used in making a solemn oath


impassible

en-adj

impassible (comparative more impassible, superlative most impassible)

more impassible (comparative)
most impassible (superlative)

(chiefly theology) Unable to suffer, or feel pain.


syzygy

en-noun

syzygy (countable and uncountable, plural syzygies)

From Late Latin sȳzygia (“conjunction”), from Ancient Greek συζυγία (suzugía, “union, yoke, pair”). This word was recognized as English in 1847 (in its astronomical meaning).

der

(Gnosticism) Complementary female–male pairings of the emanations known as Aeons.


bishop

Tok Pisin: bisop

→ Hawaiian: pīhopa

→ Japanese: ビショップ

→ Kannada: ಬಿಷಪ್ (biṣap)

→ Korean: 비숍 (bisyop)

→ Maori: pīhopa

→ Thai: บิชอป (bì-chɔ́p)

From Middle English bischop, bishop, bisshop, biscop, from Old English bisċop (“bishop”), from Proto-West Germanic *biskop, from Vulgar Latin (e)biscopus, from classical Latin episcopus (“overseer, supervisor”), from Ancient Greek ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos, “overseer”), from ἐπί (epí, “over”) + σκοπός (skopós, “watcher”), used in Greek and Latin both generally and as a title of civil officers. Cognate with all European terms for the position in various Christian churches; compare bisp.

аҷҟәандар

church official, supervisor of priests and congregations

titular bishop

as over a diocese without a congregation

The Caliphaes of the Sarasins were kings and chiefe bishops in their religion.

1586, Pierre de la Primaudaye, translated by Thomas Bowes, The French Academie, I. 633:

The Byshop of Egypt is called the Souldan.

1615, William Bedwell, Arabian Trudgman in translating Mohammedis Imposturæ, sig. N4

[…] which explains the beheading of the Muslim Bishop of Lisbon, soon after the Reconquista.

2001, José Carlos Valle Pérez, Jorge Rodrigues, El arte románico en Galicia y Portugal, page 254:

The [holder of the office of] Imam [of Monrovia] is commonly referred to, both in conversation and in the press, as ‘the Muslim Bishop’.

2018, Merran Fraenkel, Tribe and Class in Monrovia, page 139:

(Christianity) An overseer of congregations: either any such overseer, generally speaking, or (in Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism, Anglicanism, etc.) an official in the church hierarchy (actively or nominally) governing a diocese, supervising the church's priests, deacons, and property in its territory.

(religion, nonstandard) A similar official or chief priest in another religion.


accursed

en-adj

accursed (comparative more accursed, superlative most accursed)

more accursed (comparative)
most accursed (superlative)

* First attested in the early 13th century.
* From Middle English acursed, from acursen (“to curse”), from Old English ācursian, from ā + cursen, from curs (“curse”).

Accurſt be he that firſt inuented war

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene iv:

[…]—if any one, be he who he may, attempt to alter the faith once for all delivered, let him be accursed.

1885, Charles Abel Heurtley, transl., The Commonitory of Vincent of Lérins, Chapter 8:

1912, Fyodor Dostoevsky, translated by Constance Garnett, The Brothers Karamazov, Book III, Chapter 7,
For at the very moment I become accursed, at that same highest moment, I become exactly like a heathen […]

We did not come here to waste words in treating with Sauron, faithless and accursed; still less with one of his slaves. Begone!

1955, J.R.R. Tolkien, The Return of the King, The Return of the King/Book V, Chapter 10

(theology) Doomed to destruction or misery; cursed; anathematized.


seraph

en-noun

seraph (plural seraphs or seraphim or (nonstandard) seraphims)

seraphs (plural)
seraphim (plural)
seraphims (nonstandard plural)

Back-formation of singular from plural seraphim, from Latin seraphim, from Biblical Hebrew שְׂרָפִים (sərāp̄īm), plural form of שָׂרָף (sārāp̄). The plural "seraphims" occurs in the King James Bible (Isaiah chapter 6).
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the singular "seraph" may have originated with John Milton, who used it in Book I of Paradise Lost (1667).

(biblical) A burning serpent, often winged, with human hands and sometimes feet; one of God's entourage. On Earth, they strike with burning poison; in Heaven, with burning coal. A description can be found at the beginning of Isaiah chapter 6.


messiah

From Middle English Messyas, Messy, Messie, from Latin Messīās, from Hellenistic Ancient Greek Μεσσίας (Messías), from Aramaic ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ (məšīḥā), from Biblical Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ (māšîaḥ, “anointed”). Doublet of Masih and Moshiach.

der

Aramaic ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ (məšīḥā)

The spice exists on only one planet in the entire universe- a desolate, dry planet with vast deserts. Hidden away within the rocks of these deserts are a people known as the Fremen, who have long held a prophecy, that a man would come, a messiah, who would lead them to true freedom. The planet is Arrakis, also known as Dune.

1984, 1:50 from the start, in Dune (Science Fiction), spoken by Princess Irulan, →OCLC:

(religion, loosely) A similar religious figure or awaited divine ruler, such as the Islamic Mahdi.


evangelist

From Old French evangeliste, equivalent to evangel + -ist, from ecclesiastical Latin evangelista, from ecclesiastical Ancient Greek εὐαγγελιστής (euangelistḗs, “bringer of good news”), from εὐαγγελίζεσθαι (euangelízesthai, “to evangelize”), from εὐάγγελος (euángelos, “bringing good news”), from εὖ (eû, “well”) + ἀγγέλλειν (angéllein, “to announce”).

uder

εὐαγγελιστής

(biblical) A writer of a gospel, especially the four New Testament Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John), usually capitalized (Evangelist).


circuit

From Middle English circuit, from Old French circuit, from Latin circuitus (“a going round”), from circuire (“go round”), from circum (“around”) + ire. As a Chinese administrative division, a calque of Chinese 道 (dào) or 路 (lù).

piiri

Methodist Church: district in which an itinerant preacher labors

dao

Imperial Chinese administrative divisions

(Scientology) A thought that unconsciously goes round and round in a person's mind and controls that person.


acephali

From Late Latin, plural of Latin acephalus. See acephal.

(ecclesiastical history) The Eutychians, a Christian sect in the year 482 without a leader. See http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01100c.htm.

(ecclesiastical history) Bishops and certain clergymen not under regular diocesan control.


creed

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-creed.wav

Constantine the Great
First Council of Nicaea

From Middle English crede, from Old English crēda, crēdo, from Latin crēdō (“I believe”), from Proto-Italic *krezdō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱred dʰeh₁- (“to place one's heart, i.e., to trust, believe”), a compound phrase of the oblique case form of *ḱḗr (“heart”). Creed is cognate with Old Irish cretim (“to believe”), Sanskrit श्रद्दधाति (śráddadhāti, “to have faith or faithfulness, to have belief or confidence, believe”).

cog

A creed is a manifesto of religious or spiritual beliefs

[N]ow ſuch a liue vngodly, vvithout a care of doing the wil of the Lord (though they profeſſe him in their mouths, yea though they beleeue and acknowledge all the Articles of the Creed, yea haue knowledge of the Scripturs) yet if they liue vngodly, they deny God, and therefore ſhal be denied, […]

1604, Jeremy Corderoy, A Short Dialogve, wherein is Proved, that No Man can be Saved without Good VVorkes, 2nd edition, Oxford: Printed by Ioseph Barnes, and are to be sold in Paules Church-yard at the signe of the Crowne, by Simon Waterson, →OCLC, page 40:

The Apostles' Creed was not the only creed to come into existence in the period of the early church. However, it is the oldest and simplest creed of the church. All Christian traditions recognize its authority and its importance as a standard of doctrine. To study the Apostles' Creed is to investigate a central element of our common Christian heritage.

2015, Alister [Edgar] McGrath, “Getting the Most out of Apostles’ Creed”, in Apostles’ Creed (LifeGuide Bible Studies), Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, →ISBN, page 6:

(specifically, religion) A reading or statement of belief that summarizes the faith it represents; a confession of faith for public use, especially one which is brief and comprehensive.


missionary

en-noun

missionary (countable and uncountable, plural missionaries)

→ Maori: Mihinare

→ English: Mihanere

/ˈmɪʃ.əˌnɛɹ.ɪ/

A missionary was just trying to convert me to his religion.

(religion) A person who travels attempting to spread a religion or creed (Particularly used in context of Christianity).


Michael

en-proper noun

Michael (countable and uncountable, plural Michaels)

Armenian: Մայքլ (Maykʻl)

Greek: Μάικλ (Máikl)

From Middle English Michael, from Old French Michel, Old English Michahel, and directly from their source Latin Michaēl, from Ancient Greek Μῐχᾱήλ (Mikhāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew מִיכָאֵל (mîḵāʾēl, literally “who is like God?”). Doublet of Mikhail.

der

And at that time shall Michael stand up, the great prince that standeth for the children of thy people.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Daniel 12:1:

And there was war in heaven: Michael and his angels fought against the dragon.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 12:7:

(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) An archangel associated with defending the faithful in the tribulation.


grove

From Middle English grove, grave, from Old English grāf, grāfa (“grove; copse”), from Proto-West Germanic *graib, *graibō (“branch, group of branches, thicket”), from Proto-Germanic *graibaz, *graibô (“branch, fork”).
Related to Old English grǣf, grǣfe (“brushwood; thicket; copse”), Old English grǣfa (“thicket”), dialectal Norwegian greive (“ram with splayed horns”), dialectal Norwegian greivlar (“ramifications of an antler”), dialectal Norwegian grivla (“to branch, branch out”), Old Norse grein (“twig, branch, limb”). More at greave.


blessing

From Middle English blessinge, blessynge, from Old English blētsung, blēdsung (“a blessing”), equivalent to bless + -ing.


cherub

en-noun

cherub (plural cherubs or cherubim or cherubims)

cherubs (plural)
cherubim (plural)
cherubims (plural)

James Tissot
Museum Catharijneconvent
Pieter de Grebber

From Middle English cherub, cherube, cherubin, cherubine, cherubym, cherubyn, cherybin, gerubin, jerubin (“angel of the second highest order; depiction of such an angel”), from Old English cerubin, cerubim, ceruphin, cherubin, from Latin cherūbīn, cherūbīm, from Ancient Greek χερουβίν (kheroubín), χερουβείν (kheroubeín), χερουβίμ (kheroubím), from Hebrew כְּרוּבִים (k'ruvím);.
The English and Middle English word cherub(e) is derived from Latin cherub (“cherub”) (the singular form of cherūbīm, cherūbīn), from Ancient Greek χερούβ (kheroúb), ultimately from Hebrew כְּרוּב (kerúv), from a root meaning "to bless". Because it was not always clear from Bible passages whether a single being or group of beings was being referred to, cherubin was used both as a singular word (plural cherubins) and plural word up to the 18th century. However, in Bible translations particularly from the 16th century onward cherub began to be favoured as the singular form, and from the 17th century cherubim as the plural form (influenced by Hebrew כְּרוּבִים (k'ruvím)).
The English word is cognate with French chérubin, Italian cherubino, Old Spanish cherubin (modern Spanish querubín), Galician querubín, Portuguese querubim.

refn

From the collection of the Jewish Museum in New York City, New York, USA.

From the collection of the Museum Catharijneconvent in Utrecht, Netherlands.

(biblical) A winged creature attending God and guarding his throne described as a being with four faces (man, lion, ox, and eagle), human hands, calf hooves, four wings, and many eyes. A description can be found in Ezekiel chapter 1 and Ezekiel chapter 10; similar to a lamassu (winged bull with a human torso) in the pre-exilic texts of the Hebrew Bible, more humanoid in later texts.

𐕣𐕙𐕒𐔱𐔰

(biblical) winged creature attending on God


universalism

en-noun

universalism (countable and uncountable, plural universalisms)

/ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəlˌɪzəm/

(theology) The belief that all souls can attain salvation.

ουνιβερσαλισμός

the belief that all souls can attain salvation


genetic

/d͡ʒəˈnɛtɪk/

/d͡ʒɪˈnɛtɪk/

Coined from genesis, similarly to antithesis, antithetic. Ultimately from Ancient Greek γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “I come into being”). By surface analysis, gene + -tic or genesis + -etic.

der

Guy Stroumsa (2011) proposes the use of the alternative term Abrahamic religions, emphasizing the genetic relationship between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam and their branches, for which the idea of monotheism is not always central.

2016 September 15, Koji Yamashiro, edited by Yochai Ataria, David Gurevitz, Haviva Pedaya, and Yuval Neria, Trauma and Monotheism: Sugmund Freud’s Moses and Monotheism and the Possibility of Writing a Traumatic History of Religion, Springer International Publishing Switzerland, →DOI, →ISBN, page 251:

(theology) Based on a shared membership in a religious family.


ordinary

/ˈɔɹdɪnɛ(ə)ɹi/

From Anglo-Norman ordenarie, ordenaire et al., Middle French ordinaire, and their source, Medieval Latin ordinarius, noun use of Latin ōrdinārius (“regular, orderly”), from ōrdō (“order”).

A person with authority; authority, ordinance.

(ecclesiastical, law) A person having immediate jurisdiction in a given case of ecclesiastical law, such as the bishop within a diocese.


halal

halaal

in general, according to Muslim customs, permissible to have or do

[…] broadening the demand for halal across all product categories, not just in their consumption of meat products […]

2014, Professor Nilüfer Göle, Islam and Public Controversy in Europe, →ISBN, page 176:

(Islam) allowable, according to Muslim religious customs, to have or do.


switch

en-verb

switch (third-person singular simple present switches, present participle switching, simple past and past participle switched)

switches (present singular third-person)
switching (participle present)
switched (participle past)
switched (past)

Perhaps from Middle Dutch swijch (“twig”), first attested in c. 1592. The mechanical device for altering the direction of something sense is first attested in c. 1797, pertaining to pivoted rails on minecart railways, which were once wooden.

(ecclesiastical) To shift to another circuit.


Daniel

From Middle English Daniel, Daniell, from Ancient Greek Δᾱνῑήλ (Dānīḗl), from Hebrew דָּנִיֵּאל (daniyél, literally “God is my judge”), name borne from the prophet whose story is told in the Book of Daniel.

der

Then the king commanded, and they brought Daniel, and cast him into the denne of Lions: now the king spake and saide vnto Daniel; Thy God, whom thou seruest continually, he will deliuer thee.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Daniel 6:16:

(biblical) The prophet whose story is told in the Book of Daniel.


dharma

en-noun

dharma (countable and uncountable, plural dharmas)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit धर्म (dhárma, “that which upholds or supports”). The definitions pertaining to Buddhism are influenced by dhamma, a loan word from Pali. Doublet of dhamma and firm.

lbor

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) The natural order of the universe; natural law, cosmic order.

(Buddhism) The teachings of the Buddha as one's personal path to enlightenment.

(Buddhism) The teachings of the Buddha as a practice to be promulgated and taught.


way

From Middle English way, wey, from Old English weġ, from Proto-West Germanic *weg, from Proto-Germanic *wegaz, from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ-. Doublet of voe and possibly via.

don't let the door hit you on the way out

have one's head screwed on the right way

his driveway doesn't go all the way to the road

one's elevator doesn't go all the way to the top

the real treasure is the friends we made along the way

there's more than one way to cook an egg

there's more than one way to crack an egg

there's more than one way to peel an orange

the way to a man's heart is through his stomach

you don't need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows

To walk the Way of the Runes, you must experience the runes as they manifest both in the part of Midgard that lies outside yourself and the worlds within. (Diana Paxson)

(Germanic paganism) A tradition within the modern pagan faith of Heathenry, dedication to a specific deity or craft, Way of wyrd, Way of runes, Way of Thor etc.

usko

paganism: dedication to a specific deity or craft


paradise

en-noun

paradise (countable and uncountable, plural paradises)

→ Fijian: parataisi

→ Maori: pararaiia

→ Niuean: parataiso

→ Tokelauan: palataiho

From Middle English paradis, paradise, paradys, from Late Old English paradīs, borrowed from Old French paradis, from Latin paradīsus, from Ancient Greek παράδεισος (parádeisos), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *paridayjah. Doublet of parvis. Displaced Old English neorxnawang.

Living in paradise comes with a price.

And Jesus said unto him [the malefactor], Verily I say unto thee, Today shalt thou be with me in paradise.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 23:43:

This employment I considered as the only satisfaction I could offer to the memory of your unfortunate mother, and I flatter myself that if she could look down, it would give her angelic mind pleasure even in paradise, to behold me instilling into the minds of her children, sentiments congenial with her own.

1791, Charlotte Lennox, “Hermione”, in London, volume 1, William Lane, page 123:

The imagination of the Hindoo paints his Swergas as "profuse of bliss," and all the joys of sense are collected in the Paradise of the Mussulman.

1828, Thomas Keightley, The Fairy Mythology, volume I, London: William Harrison Ainsworth, page 71:

He hears his daughter's voice, / Singing in the village choir, / And it makes his heart rejoice. / It sounds to him like her mother's voice, / Singing in Paradise!

1839, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “[Miscellaneous.] The Village Blacksmith.”, in Ballads and Other Poems, 2nd edition, Cambridge, Mass.: […] John Owen, published 1842, →OCLC, stanzas 5–6, page 101:

I believe the soul in Paradise must enjoy something nearer to a perpetual adulthood than to any other state we know.

2004, Marilynne Robinson, Gilead, London: Virago, published 2005, page 189:

Kruban is a tidally-locked Venusian hothouse, its surface perpetually obscured by clouds of sulfur and carbon dioxides. The first group of krogan brought into orbit by the salarian uplift teams requested a trip to Kruban. The salarians at first thought the krogan were confused about the nature of Kruban's environment; the planet is named for a krogan mythological paradise in which honorable warriors feast on the internal organs of their enemies. In fact, krogan astronomers had correctly deduced the nature of Kruban in the years before the global holocaust.

2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Kruban:

(chiefly religion) The place where sanctified souls are believed to live after death.

Not that Adam that kept the Paradise but that Adam that keeps the prison:

c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:

Up into Heav’n from Paradise in hast
Th’ Angelic Guards ascended,

1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 17-18:

Government like dress is the badge of lost innocence; the palaces of kings are built on the ruins of the bowers of paradise.

1776, Thomas Paine, Common Sense, Philadelphia, page 1:

If all was good and fair we met,
This earth had been the Paradise
It never look’d to human eyes
Since Adam left his garden yet.

1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XXIV, page 41:

I feel deadly faint, bowed, and humped, as though I were Adam, staggering beneath the piled centuries since Paradise.

1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 132, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:

(Abrahamic religions) A garden where Adam and Eve first lived after being created.


economy

economy (countable and uncountable, plural economies)

From Middle English yconomye, yconomy, borrowed via Old French [Term?] or Medieval Latin from Latin oeconomia, from Ancient Greek οἰκονομία (oikonomía, “management of a household, administration”), from οἶκος (oîkos, “house”) + νέμω (némō, “distribute, allocate”). By surface analysis, eco- + -nomy. The first recorded sense of the word economy, found in a work possibly composed in 1440, is “the management of economic affairs”, in this case, of a monastery.

اِقْتِصاد

effective management of the resources of a community or system

(theology) The method of divine government of the world. (See Economy (religion).)


Qur'an

Borrowed from Arabic الْقُرْآن (al-qurʔān), definite form of قُرْآن (qurʔān, “act of reciting”), verbal noun of قَرَأَ (qaraʔa, “to recite; to read (aloud)”). (The obsolete alternative spellings with "al-", like the Alcoran, redundantly retained the Arabic definite article.) Compare Classical Syriac ܩܪܝܢܐ (qeryānā, “reading; scripture”).

cog

Thus it is not without wonder, how those learned Arabicks so tamely delivered up their belief unto the absurdities of the Alcoran.

1646, Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica, I.5:

‘A poor forlorn and ignorant stranger, unacquainted with the very Alcoran of the savage tribe whom you are come to reside among—Never to have heard of Markham, the most celebrated author on farriery!’

He reads largely religious books, chiefly the Gita and Upanishads. He has read the Koran and he is now re-reading the Bible.

1923 December 16, “Gandhi spends his time”, in Time:

In the summer of 2002, responding to the 9/11 atrocity, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill made a selection of verses from the Qur'an a mandatory text for new students.

2011 July 1, Malise Ruthven, The Guardian:

(Islam) The Islamic holy book, considered by Muslims to be the word of God as revealed to Muhammad.


fatwa

Ruhollah Khomeini
Salman Rushdie
The Satanic Verses

The noun is borrowed from Arabic فَتْوَى (fatwā, “formal legal opinion”), the verbal noun of أَفْتَى (ʔaftā, “to deliver a formal opinion”) (whence مُفْتٍ (muftin, “mufti”), the active participle of the same verb: see mufti).
The forms fetwa, fetwah are derived from Italian fetfà (obsolete), and directly from its etymon Ottoman Turkish فتوی (fetva) (modern Turkish fetva), from Arabic فَتْوَى (fatwā): see above.
Modern uses of noun sense 1.2 (“decree that a person should be put to death”) and the corresponding verb sense are probably influenced by the issuance of a fatwa on 14 February 1989 by the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (1900 or 1902 – 1989), the Supreme Leader of Iran, calling for the British-American author Salman Rushdie (born 1947) and his publishers to be put to death for alleged blasphemy in his novel The Satanic Verses (1988).
The plural form fatawa is borrowed from Arabic فَتَاوَى (fatāwā).
The verb is derived from the noun.

fatwa

formal ruling issued by an Islamic judicial authority

The website contains fatwas on points of Islamic law that arise in court cases.

A formal legal decree, opinion, or ruling issued by a mufti or other Islamic judicial authority.

(by extension, loosely, erroneous) A decree issued by a mufti or other Islamic judicial authority that a person should be put to death, usually as punishment for committing apostasy or blasphemy.

(religion, by extension) A formal decree or ruling, or statement, issued by an authority of a religion other than Islam.

fatwa

loosely: similar ruling issued by an authority of a religion other than Islam


Allah

From Arabic اللّٰه (allāh), contraction of اَل (al-, “the”) + إِلَه (ʔilah, “deity”); cognate with the Aramaic אלה (aláh) and אלהא (aláhâ), and Hebrew אֵל (él), אֱלוֹהַּ / אֱלֹהַּ (elóah) and אֱלוֹהִים \ אֱלֹהִים (elohím); ultimately from Proto-Semitic *ʾil-.-.

What is the Shia Islamic view on the attributes of Allah?

We are too much men and women; we are yet formed in the image of the Creator, and what can we say of Him with any certainty except that He, whoever He may be—Christ, Yahweh, Allah—He made us, did He not, because even He in His Infinite Perfection could not bear to be alone.

1998, Anne Rice, The Vampire Armand, New York: Knopf, →ISBN, →OL, page 273:

(Islam) God, in Islamic or Arabic contexts


aggregate

en-noun

aggregate (countable and uncountable, plural aggregates)

/ˈæɡ.ɹɪ.ɡət/

From Latin aggregātus, perfect passive participle of aggregō (“I flock together”), from ag- (combining form of ad (“to, toward”)) + gregō (“I flock or group”), from grex (“flock”). Compare gregarious.

(Buddhism) Any of the five attributes that constitute the sentient being.

سْكَانْدَا

any of the five aspects constituting the sentient being in Buddhism

skandha

attribute of the sentient being in Buddhism


baba

As one of the first utterances many babies are able to say, baba (like mama, papa, and dada) has come to be used in many languages as a term for various family members:
* father: Albanian, Arabic, Western Armenian, Chinese, Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi, Bengali, Greek, Marathi, Mingrelian, Nepali, Persian, Swahili, Turkish, Yoruba, Shona, Zulu
* grandmother: many Slavic languages (such as Bulgarian, Russian, Czech and Polish), Romanian, Yiddish, Japanese
* grandfather: Azerbaijani, Zulu (father, grandfather)
* baby: Afrikaans, Sinhala, Hungarian
These terms often continue to be used by English speakers whose families came from one of these cultures. In some cases, they may become more widely used in localities that have been heavily influenced by an immigrant community. Some senses were extensions of one of these family terms in the original languages ("old woman" from "grandmother", "holy man" from "father"). The "cake" sense comes through French, from Polish baba (“old woman”). The Middle Eastern word baba (as in Ali Baba) is rather a term of endearment, and is ultimately derived from Persian بابا (bābā, “father”) (from Old Persian pāpa; as opposed to the Arabic words أَبُو (ʔabū) and أَب (ʔab); see also Papak), and is linguistically related to the common European word papa and the word pope, having the same Indo-European origin. The Chinese word "baba", meaning father comes from 爸爸.

While I was in Port Alberni, three babas came to Canada to raise money ...

1995, Hugh J.M. Johnston, Tara Singh Bains, The Four Quarters of the Night: The Life-Journey of an Emigrant Sikh:

But according to Ray, 'all the babas my uncle knew were genuine. None of them was exposed. They were fairly humble people, not show-offs like the Maharishi ...

2004, Andrew Robinson, Satyajit Ray: The Inner Eye: The Biography of a Master Film-Maker:

Most babas had little contact with written culture and are not therefore named in books and treatises.

2006, Suraiya Faroqhi, Subjects Of The Sultan: Culture And Daily Life In The Ottoman Empire:

(Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism) A holy man, a spiritual leader.


AS

From Arabic عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ (ʕalayhi s-salāmu, “peace be upon him”), placed after the name of holy persons in Islamic texts.

der

عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ

alayhi as-salaam
alayhi as-salaam#English


Moses

From Latin Mōsēs, Mōȳsēs, from Ancient Greek Μωυσῆς (Mōusês), from Biblical Hebrew מֹשֶׁה (mōšê). Further etymology is unclear, but it is sometimes conjectured to derive from Egyptian ms-s (msj, “to give birth to”), a common element in Egyptian names of the form ‘[name of deity] is the one who bore him’; or, alternatively, contains Egyptian N35A (mw, “water”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">msj</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">mw</i>

And the Lord came downe vpon mount Sinai, on the top of the mount: and the Lord called Moſes vp to the top of the mount, and Moſes went vp.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 19:20, column 1:

Moses supposes his toeses are roses, / But Moses supposes erroneously, / Moses he knowses his toeses aren't roses, / As Moses supposes his toeses to be!

1952 Singin' in the Rain: Moses supposes (a song)

(biblical) The pharaonic patriarch who led the enslaved Hebrews out of Egypt, the brother of Aaron and Miriam described in the Book of Exodus and the Quran.


scorpion

From Middle English scorpioun, skorpioun, schorpion, schorpiun, partly from Old English sċorpio and partly from Anglo-Norman scorpïun, Old French scorpïon, escorpïon; all from Latin scorpiō, ultimately from Ancient Greek σκορπίος (skorpíos). The cheerleading move is so called because of the resemblance of the raised foot to a scorpion's stinger.

Coordinate term: scourge

And now whereas my father did lade you with a heauy yoke, I wil adde to your yoke: my father hath chastised you with whippes, but I will chastise you with scorpions.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Kings 12:11:

(obsolete, biblical) A whip with points like a scorpion's tail.


festival

en-noun

festival (countable and uncountable, plural festivals)

From Middle English festival (adjective), from Old French festival (“festive”), from Late Latin fēstīvālis, from Latin fēstīvus (“festive”). Displaced native Old English frēols. The noun is shortened from festival day, from Middle English festival dai, festiuall day (“feast day, festival”).

All your males are to appear three times a year before the Lord your God in the place He chooses: at the Festival of Unleavened Bread, the Festival of Weeks, and the Festival of Booths. No one is to appear before the Lord empty-handed.

2009, “Deuteronomy 16:16”, in Holman Christian Standard Bible:


Sabbat

(Wicca) Any of the eight major holy days celebrated in Wicca.


Sarah

en-proper noun

Sarah (countable and uncountable, plural Sarahs)

From Biblical Hebrew שָׂרָה (śārâ, “lady, princess”), from the Biblical figure originally named Sarai (שָׂרָי (śārāy, literally “masters, princes”)).

bor

And God ſaid vnto Abraham, As for Sarai thy wife, thou ſhalt not call her name Sarai, but Sarah ſhall her name be.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 21:4, column 1:

(biblical) The wife of Abraham and mother of Isaac in the Bible.


type

→ Japanese: タイプ

→ Korean: 타입 (taip)

From Middle English type (“symbol, figure, emblem”), from Latin typus, from Ancient Greek τύπος (túpos, “mark, impression, type”), from τύπτω (túptō, “I strike, beat”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp-. Related to stupid, stupefy and stop.

tyyppiyksilö

biology: individual representative of its taxonomic group

(theology) An event or person that prefigures or foreshadows a later event - commonly an Old Testament event linked to Christian times.

edeltäjä

theology: event or person that prefigures or foreshadows


distinctive

From Latin distinctus, perfect passive participle of distinguere (“to push apart, to divide”), + -ive (forming adjectives signifying relation or tendency to). Cognate with French distinctif and Medieval Latin distinctivus.

Mennonites could go forth somewhat detached from the chauvinism of Western culture—but not so from the Mennonite distinctives.

1979, Theron F. Schlabach, “Gospel versus Gospel”, in Studies in Anabaptist and Mennonite History, page 154:

(theology) A distinctive belief, tenet, or dogma of a denomination or sect.


formula

en-noun

formula (countable and uncountable, plural formulae or formulas or formulæ)

formulae (plural)
formulas (plural)
formulæ (plural)

Irish: foirmle

Scottish Gaelic: foirmle

Borrowed from Latin formula (“a small pattern or mold, form, rule, principle, method, formula”), diminutive of forma (“a form”); see form.

bor+

The extract from the Missal of Constance, which was printed before the editio princeps […] does not contain the formulae for Advent, Sundays after Epiphany, Lent and the Sundays after Easter and Pentecost; […]

2004, Thomas Fisch, editor, Primary Readings on the Eucharist, Liturgical Press, →ISBN, footnote, page 34:

(especially religion) A formal statement of doctrine.


vehicle

Borrowed from French véhicule, from Latin vehiculum (“a carriage, conveyance”), from vehere (“to carry”).

uder

(Buddhism) A mode or method of spiritual practice; a yana.


Tanakh

Borrowed from Hebrew תנ״ך (TaNaKh). Acronym of Torah, Neviim and Ketuvim.

(biblical, Judaism) The body of Jewish scripture comprising the Torah, the Neviim (prophets) and the Ketuvim (writings), corresponding roughly to the Christian Old Testament.


corporal

From Middle English corporall, corporalle, from the Latin corporāle, the neuter of corporālis representing the doctrine of transubstantiation in which the Eucharist becomes the body of Christ.

He had […] many corporals, chalice-veils, and sudaria

1891, Oscar Wilde, chapter XI, in The Picture of Dorian Gray, London, New York, N.Y., Melbourne, Vic.: Ward Lock & Co., →OCLC:

(ecclesiastical) The white linen cloth on which the elements of the Eucharist are placed; a communion cloth.

corporal

ecclesiastical: cloth on which the elements of the Eucharist are placed


medium

Borrowed from Latin medium, neuter of medius (“middle”), from Proto-Italic *meðjos, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos (“between”). Compare middle. Doublet of mid, medio, media, and mediate.

doublet

The hall was not too well lit and dark shadows lurked in the corners. The medium still bent her head as if her ears were straining.

1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:

(countable, spiritualism, plural mediums or (rare, nonstandard) media) Someone who supposedly conveys information from the spirit world.

ме́диум

someone who supposedly conveys information from the spirit world

mediumistic

person claiming to convey information from the spirit world


revelation

en-noun

revelation (countable and uncountable, plural revelations)

/ˌɹɛv.əˈleɪ.ʃən/

From Middle English revelacioun, from Old French revelacion, from Latin revēlātiō (“disclosure”), from revēlō (“to disclose”), re (“again”) + vēlō (“to cover”).

This does not mean that God has difficulty overcoming obstacles; if one questions whether revelation is ‘a simple matter’, this need not refer to whether or not God has to exert himself greatly to overcome these obstacles, or whether he is grieved or suffers in some way to overcome these obstacles.

2008, Rolfe King, Obstacles to Divine Revelation: God and the Reorientation of Human Reason, Bloomsbury Academic, →ISBN:

(theology) A manifestation of divine truth.


leviathan

From Middle English levyethan, levyathan, etc., from Late Latin leviathan, a transliteration of Biblical Hebrew לִוְיָתָן (liv'yatán).

Canſt thou dravv out Leuiathan vvith an hooke? or his tongue vvith a corde vvhich thou letteſt dovvne?

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 41:1, column 1:

The fog seemed to break away as though split by a wedge, and the bow of a steamboat emerged, trailing fog-wreaths on either side like seaweed on the snout of Leviathan.

1904, Jack London, chapter 1, in The Sea-Wolf (Macmillan’s Standard Library), New York, N.Y.: Grosset & Dunlap, →OCLC:

(biblical, mythology) A vast sea monster of tremendous strength, described as the most powerful and dangerous creature in the ocean.