Western Christian

en-noun

Western Christian (plural Western Christians)

Yet there is inadequate understanding among Western Christians of their own native cultural context.

2001, Paul Spickard, Kevin M. Cragg, Gordon William Carlson, A Global History of Christians: How Everyday Believers Experienced Their World, page 343:

Theological squabbles had begun to affect denominational mission boards by the early 1920s, but among advocates of missions to Muslims, older models assuring Western Christians of Islam's eventual collapse remained dominant.

2009, Thomas S. Kidd, American Christians and Islam: Evangelical Culture and Muslims from the Colonial Period to the Age of Terrorism, page 75:

To the east of Christendom lay another Christian society, one that Western Christians regarded as heretical. The Orthodox, sometimes called the Eastern Orthodox, Church did not recognize the authority of the pope, as Western Christians did.

2013, Michael Burger, The Shaping of Western Civilization, unnumbered page:

(religion, Christianity) An adherent of any form of Western Christianity; a member of a society based on Western Christianity.


jann

jann (plural janns or jinnan or jawan or jinn or jinnah or genies or genii)

janns (plural)
jinnan (plural)
jawan (plural)
jinn (plural)
jinnah (plural)
genies (plural)
genii (plural)

(Islam) The father of the jinn preceeding humanity.


Omphalos hypothesis

Named after the 1857 book Omphalos by Philip Henry Gosse, in which it was argued that, in order for the world to be "functional", God must have created the Earth with mountains, canyons, trees, etc. The word Omphalos comes from Ancient Greek ὀμφαλός (omphalós, “navel”), an example of one such feature putatively needed for completion.

uder

(creationism) The proposition that God created the universe within the past few thousands of years but also introduced false evidence that the universe is of great age.


Abhidharma

Borrowed from Sanskrit अभिधर्म (abhidharma, literally “higher dharma”).

bor+

(Buddhism) Ancient Buddhist texts, dating from the 3rd century BCE onward, that contain detailed scholastic reworkings of doctrinal material appearing in the Buddhist sutras, according to schematic classifications.


noncommunicant

(religion) One who is not a communicant.


Qetesh

(Ancient Egyptian religion) A goddess adopted into the ancient Egyptian religion from the religion of Canaan, popular during the New Kingdom. Her Canaan equivalent is the goddess Qadeshtu.


mushbooh

(Islam) Of food: neither obviously haram nor obviously halal, thus doubtful or suspect in terms of whether Muslims are allowed to consume it.


sign of contradiction

en-noun

sign of contradiction (plural signs of contradiction)

(theology) In Catholic theology, someone who, upon manifesting holiness, is subject to extreme opposition, traditionally supposed to point to the presence of the divine.


dhabihah

From Arabic ذَبِيحَة (ḏabīḥa, “slaughtered animal”).

bor

(Islam) The prescribed Islamic method of ritual slaughter of animals to produce halal meat, consisting of a swift, deep incision with a sharp knife on the throat, cutting the jugular veins and carotid arteries of both sides but leaving the spinal cord intact.


makruh

en-adj

makruh (comparative more makruh, superlative most makruh)

more makruh (comparative)
most makruh (superlative)

(Islam, fiqh) Not haram, but disliked or offensive, such that a person will be rewarded for avoiding it.


protology

en-noun

protology (countable and uncountable, plural protologies)

From Ancient Greek πρωτολογίᾱ (prōtologíā). By surface analysis, proto- + -logy.

And hence the progress of the history of salvation is the progress of protology in the progressive development of its starting-point.

1975, Karl Rahner, Encyclopedia of Theology: A Concise Sacramentum Mundi, →ISBN, page 320:

The Chalcedonian defender of thoroughgoing aphtharsia, driven into a corner, now seeks refuge in protology, that is, in referring to the original condition of Adam in Paradise, with whom he compares Christ.

1995, Aloys Grillmeier, Theresia Hainthaler, Christ in Christian Tradition, →ISBN, page 226:

Our task, in what must necessarily be a longer section than those previous, will be first to explore the eschatological dimension of the protological image, then to show how these dual dimensions of protology and eschatology ground Irenaeus' focus on history and salvation as 'recapitulation'.

2009, M. C. Steenberg, Of God and Man: Theology as Anthropology from Irenaeus to Athanasius, →ISBN:

(theology) The branch of theology pertaining to origins and first things.


premove

en-verb

premove (third-person singular simple present premoves, present participle premoving, simple past and past participle premoved)

premoves (present singular third-person)
premoving (participle present)
premoved (participle past)
premoved (past)

Let it be assumed, then, that God does premove earthly phenomena, and let the further very obvious supposition be also made that He does not desire this premovement to be a visible and palpable fact.

1867, William George Ward, Essays on the Philosophy of Theism: Supplementary remarks on freewill, volume 2, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, & Co., published 1884, page 187:

(philosophy, theology, rare) To incite or cause someone to do something.


presuppositionalist

(theology) Of or pertaining to presuppositionalism.


presuppositionalist

(theology) A supporter of presuppositionalism.


reversalism

en-noun

reversalism (usually uncountable, plural reversalisms)

(philosophy, theology, uncountable) The idea that what is true about the universe is the exact opposite of what a person or group of people believes.


reversalist

(philosophy, theology) Of or pertaining to reversalism or to reversalists.


reversalist

(philosophy, theology) A supporter of the idea of reversalism.


Zadok

Borrowed from Hebrew צדוק (“righteous”).

(biblical) A priest, said to be descended from Eleazar the son of Aaron, who aided King David during the revolt of his son Absalom and was subsequently instrumental in bringing King Solomon to the throne.


numerolatry

His warning would not have been necessary today for we have moved to the opposite pole and risk falling into 'numerolatry', the idolatrous worship of numbers.

1989, F.J.M. Laver, Information Technology: Agent of Change, →ISBN:

René Padilla feels that the “excessive emphasis on numbers” in church growth becomes “numerolatry.”

1998, C. Peter Wagner, Church Growth and the Whole Gospel: A Biblical Mandate, →ISBN:

What is the reason for this numerolatry, the worship of numbers?

2003, Arthur Herzog, The Church Trap, →ISBN:

I have even heard the use of numbers called “numerolatry,” a particularly serious accusation because it implies a form of idolatry.

2008, C. Peter Wagner, The Book of Acts: A Commentary, →ISBN:

My most extreme condemnation was a public affirmation thatIwas committing “numerolatry.” The literal sense of that word isthat I was actually worshiping numbers.

2013, C. Peter Wagner, This Changes Everything (The Prayer Warrior Series): How God Can Transform Your Mind And Change Your Life, →ISBN:


Murji'ite

(Islam) A follower of the Murji'ah school of divinity.


Murji'ah

(Islam) An early Islamic school of divinity.


inter-be

en-verb

inter-be (third-person singular simple present inter-is, present participle inter-being, simple past inter-was, past participle inter-been)

inter-is (present singular third-person)
inter-being (participle present)
inter-was (past)
inter-been (participle past)


transcosmic

That shriek, and Noyes’s still-unbroken snore, are the last sounds I ever heard in that morbidity-choked farmhouse beneath the black-wooded crest of haunted mountain—that focus of transcosmic horror amidst the lonely green hills and curse-muttering brooks of a spectral rustic land.

1931, H. P. Lovecraft, chapter 8, in The Whisperer in Darkness:

(science fiction, religion) Across or beyond the cosmos.


orarium

(religion) A collection of private devotions.


Mouride

(Islam) A member of a Sufi order most prominent in Senegal and the Gambia, and by whom the city of Touba in Senegal is considered holy.


anitya

Transliteration of Sanskrit अनित्य (anitya).


three marks of existence

en-noun

three marks of existence pl (plural only)

Calque of Pali tilakkhaṇa, Sanskrit त्रिलक्षण (trilakṣaṇa).

(Buddhism) Three characteristics of all phenomena: anicca (“impermanence”), dukkha (“suffering”) and anatta (“non-self”).


sehra

(Islam) A prothalamion sung at a Muslim wedding in praise of the groom.


istinja

bor

اِسْتِنْجَاء

Arabic اِسْتِنْجَاء (istinjāʔ)

(Islam) Ritual cleansing of the urethra or anus after using the toilet.


Dharmism

(rare, theology) A belief system, historically originating in South Asia, based on the core concept of dharma.


Tissa

(Buddhism) The name of the 20th of 27 named Buddhas immediately preceding Gautama.


Salafi jihadism

Whether it be the terror of salafi jihadism or the insidious institutional racism of the British National Party, there are those who stand ready to fill the vacuum with a sanitised identity and twisted vision if the silent majority hold back from forging a new identity.

2009, John Sentamu, quoted in The Guardian, 5 April

He seeks to trace the intellectual history of Salafi-Jihadism from its origins in the mountains of the Hindu Kush to the rise of Osama bin Laden to the explosion of jihadism during and after the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq until the present day.

2016 November, David Patrikarakos, “Progression through Regression”, in Literary Review:

(Islam) An Islamist ideology calling for a struggle to reclaim what adherents see as the pure, true form of Sunni Islam as exemplified by the first three generations of Muslims.


waqfed

(Islam) Granted as a waqf, or endowment.


hoplolatry

The shield need not be on the altar; and, if it is, the scene may be one of Pa/fddion-v/orship, or even of mere hoplolatry.

1914, Arthur Bernard Cook, Zeus a Study in Ancient Religion (Greek Mythology), 2Yk8AAAAIAAJ:

Of immediate value is the author's interpretation of the hoplolatry of the Greeks. A weapon does not, of necessity, owe its sanctity to a god, but a case is cited in which a god grew out of a weapon.

1918, Eli Mayer, War and Religion: A Sociological Study (War), ZXRqwkKm1WEC:

We must then clear our minds of all notion that the hoplolatry of the Greeks implies anthropomorphism.

1927, J.E. Harrison, Themis (History), →ISBN:

Cretans may have practised, such as fetishism, hoplolatry, dendrolatry, zoolatry, the cult of celestial bodies, ancestor cult.

1944, Brill, Cretan Religion in Relation to Greek Religion:


antholatry

He thinks he has invariably noticed, that amongst primitive nations, zoolatry has been more in vogue than antholatry.

1838, Moses Mendelssohn, Jerusalem: A Treatise on Ecclesiastical Authority and Judaism (Church and state), DegUAAAAYAAJ:

The present orchido-mania is therefore likely to be a passion of a far more lasting description than the other forms of antholatry which at different periods have swayed the human that is to say the human horticulturist's heart.

1849, Eclectic and Congregational Review, volume 25 (English literature), 9sFKAQAAMAAJ, page 203:


pudgala

From Sanskrit पुद्गल (pudgala, “body, soul”).

(Buddhism) person, individual (constancy across reincarnations)


Kalachakra

Borrowed from Sanskrit कालचक्र (kālacakra).

bor+

(religion) The "wheel of time", an element of Vajrayana Buddhism.


Abiathar

(biblical) In the Old Testament, a Hebrew high priest during the reign of King David.


qurbani

Borrowed from Urdu قُرْبَانی (qurbānī), from Classical Persian قُرْبَانِی (qurbānī), ultimately from Arabic قُرْبَان (qurbān).

(Islam) The sacrifice of a livestock animal during Eid al-Adha.


baraminic

(creationism) Of or relating to a baramin.


apobaramin

From apo- + baramin, coined by American creationist Walter ReMine in 1993.

coin

(creationism) A group of similar holobaramins.


holobaraminic

(creationism) Of or relating to a holobaramin.


polybaraminic

(creationism) Of or relating to a polybaramin.


monobaraminic

(creationism) Of or relating to a monobaramin.


monobaramin

From mono- + baramin, coined by American creationist Walter ReMine in 1993.

(creationism) Part or all of a holobaramin; a group of organisms believed to be related to by common descent in baraminology.


holobaramin

From holo- + baramin, coined by American creationist Walter ReMine in 1993.

(creationism) A grouping of all organisms believed to be genetically related to each other in baraminology.


polybaramin

From poly- + baramin, coined by American creationist Walter ReMine in 1993.

(creationism) A grouping of organisms that belong to different holobaramins.


preparationism

(theology) The view, in Christianity, that unregenerate people can take steps (such as praying, or reading the Bible) in preparation for conversion, and should be exhorted to do so.


surau

From Malay surau, possibly from Sanskrit सुरौकस् (suraukas, “abode of the gods”).

musalla

a room where Muslims pray, aside from a mosque

He knew the sound so well he didn't bother to turn his head. It was even more familiar than the sound of the surau’s drum that beat five times a day.

2015, Eka Kurniawan, translated by Labodalih Sembiring, Man Tiger, Verso, page 2:

(Islam) A small mosque or other Islamic assembly building in parts of Sumatra and the Malay peninsula.

The men's surau can be found at the left of the clock store.

(Islam, Malaysia) A small room in any public place where Muslims pray.


Amitābha

en-proper noun

Amitābha (usually uncountable, plural Amitābhas)

Amitābha
Five Dhyani Buddhas
Guimet Museum

Borrowed from Sanskrit अमिताभ (amitābha, “Immeasurable Light”), from अमित (amita, “unmeasured, boundless, infinite”) + आभा (ābhā, “splendor, light”).

bor

Devotion to Amitābha Buddha is found within most schools of the Mahāyāna, but is the essence of Pure Land practice, which centres on the ‘Buddha invocation’ (Ch. nien-fo, Jap. nembutsu). This is the repetition of ‘Nan-mo A-mi-t’o Fo’ (Ch.) or ‘Nama Amida Butsu’ (Jap.), translations of the Sanskrit ‘Namo Amitābhāya Buddhāya’, meaning ‘Hail to Amitābha Buddha’.

1990, Peter Harvey, “Buddhist Practice: Devotion”, in An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 187:

"Pure Land Buddhism" refers to a set of beliefs and practices that espouses for its aspirants the realization of the stage of non-retrogression (avaivartika; pu t'ui-chuan) either in the present life or through rebirth in a Buddha land or realm (Buddha-kṣetra; fo-kuo) called "Sukhāvatī" (Land of Bliss). […] The Buddha Amitāyus (Wu-liang-shou; Immeasurable Life) or Buddha Amitābha (Wu-liang-kuang; Immeasurable Light) is the 'transcendant' Buddha who presides over the Sukhāvatī world-realm.

1990, Kenneth K[en'ichi] Tanaka, “Pure Land Buddhist Development in India and China prior to Hui-yüan”, in The Dawn of Chinese Pure Land Buddhist Doctrine: Ching-ying Hui-yüan's Commentary on the Visualization Sutra (SUNY Series in Buddhist Studies), Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, →ISBN, page 1:

The Shorter Sukhavativyuha Sutra is chiefly concerned with describing the wonders of Amitabha Buddha's Pure Land, although it also discusses in some detail the characteristics of Amitabha himself.

2004, Mark L. Blum, “Mahayana Scriptures”, in Kevin Trainor, editor, Buddhism: The Illustrated Guide, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 202:

Less well recognized, however, is the central role played in much of early medieval Pure Land Buddhism by deathbed practices and accompanying beliefs about the radical salvific power of one's last nenbutsu, whether understood as the contemplation of the Buddha Amitābha (or Amitāyus, Jpn. Amida) or the invocation of his name.

2004, Jacqueline I. Stone, “By the Power of One's Last Nenbutsu: Deathbed Practices in Early Medieval Japan”, in Richard K[arl] Payne, Kenneth K[en'ichi] Tanaka, editors, Approaching the Land of Bliss: Religious Praxis in the Cult of Amitābha (Kuroda Institute Studies in East Asian Buddhism; 17), Honolulu, Hi.: University of Hawai‛i Press, →ISBN, page 77:

The overall programme of the Pure Land Hall represents the process of rebirth in Sukhāvatī, and the three standing Amitābhas in the shrine represent the three possible manifestations of Amitābha to the dying believer on earth, which is the beginning of that process.

2007, Amy McNair, “Salvation for One”, in Donors of Longmen: Faith, Politics, and Patronage in Medieval Chinese Buddhist Sculpture, Honolulu, Hi.: University of Hawai‛i Press, →ISBN, pages 151–152:

In East Asia, the cult of Amitābha eventually became so widespread that it transcended sectarian distinction, and Amitābha became the most popular buddha in the region. In Tibet, Amitābha worship dates to the early propagation of Buddhism in that country in the eighth century, although it never became as prevalent as in East Asia.

2013, Robert E[vans] Buswell Jr., Donald S[ewell] Lopez Jr., “Amitābha”, in The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 35, column 1:

(Buddhism) A particular buddha; an artistic depiction of this buddha.

In Pure Land Buddhism, a branch of Mahāyāna Buddhism, the name of the principal buddha regarded as of celestial origin.

阿彌陀佛

Pure Land Buddhism: name of the principal buddha

A letter from Mr. [Brian Houghton] Hodgson to Mr. Bayley, was then read, giving an outline of the theocracy of the Buddha system of Nepal. […] According to the information now communicated, the northern Buddhas acknowledge four sets of divine beings, or of superhuman objects of veneration. The first of these is, contrary to the generally supposed atheistical tendency of the faith, one primæval and uncreated deity. This first Buddha manifested five of his attributes, as five secondary Buddhas; in one of whom, Amitabha, or the 'immeasurably splendid,' in Prakrit and Pali, Amitabo, we recognise the Amito of the Japanese.

1827 July, “Asiatic Society of Calcutta”, in The Oriental Herald, and Journal of General Literature, volume XIV, number 43, London: Printed [by J. R. Gordon, 147, Strand] for the editor, and sold by all booksellers, →OCLC, page 147:

In the upper corner, above Mañjushrī's sword, is the figure of the Dhyāni Buddha Amitābha, the 'One of Boundless (or Incomprehensible) Light', of whom the Tashi Lāmas are believed to be incarnations. […] Amitābha presides over the Western Paradise known as Devachān.

2000, “Description of Illustrations”, in W[alter] Y[eeling] Evans-Wentz, editor, The Tibetan Book of the Great Liberation: Or the Method of Realizing Nirvāṇa through Knowing the Mind, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page xxi:

In Vajrayāna Buddhism, the name of the western buddha, one of the Five Dhyani Buddhas representing the five qualities of the Buddha.

阿彌陀如來

Vajrayana Buddhism: name of the western buddha


Lewis's trilemma

One version was popularised by the scholar and writer C. S. Lewis.

(theology) An apologetic argument for the divinity of Jesus, claiming that if he was not divine then he must have been either evil or deluded.


pure land

A calque of Chinese 淨土／净土 (jìngtǔ) and Japanese 浄土 (jōdo), both meaning "pure land".

(Buddhism) The celestial realm or pure abode of a buddha or bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism.


evennight

From Middle English *even-night, from Old English efnniht, from Proto-West Germanic *ebnanaht (“equinox”), equivalent to even- + night. Cognate with Old Frisian evennacht, ivinnacht, Old Norse jafnnætti. Compare also Dutch nachtevening (“equinox”).

inh

Ostara's Day is the first Sunday following the Spring Evennight, which means it can never be later than March 31, even when March 24 is the previous Sunday, and the old date is used, March 25, for the beginning of spring.

1992, Stephen A. McNallen, Maddy Hutter, The Runestone - Volumes 1-12:

"I have told the leaders of Kaar that wolves will only come back to the village if a krianan brings them. They are choosing a new krianan at their Spring Festival on Even Night."

2015, Dorothy Hearst, Spirit of the Wolves:

"I'll be there. At the even-night." Five months away.

2016, Victoria Whitworth, Daughter of the Wolf:

Belly round now with the child. Please bring Grandmother to me. The harvest had been gathered less than a month ago and in three days folk would be celebrating the 'even night', the feast of Mabon, when day and night were equal in length, and beer and wine would be drunk in huge amounts in thanksgiving of the safe bringing in of the earth's bounties.

2016, Joanna Courtney, Helen Hollick, Annie Whitehead, 1066 Turned Upside Down:

(rare, historical, Germanic paganism) Equinox.


qiyam

(Islam) A form of optional prayer prayed during the night, preceding the ruku.


chirotony

From Ancient Greek χειροτονίᾱ (kheirotoníā), from χείρ (kheír, “hand”) + -τονία (-tonía) (from τόνος (tónos, “stretching, tension”)).

(religion) The laying on of hands as an ecclesiastical rite


Akathistos

(religion) An Orthodox, Byzantine hymn sung during Lent.


najis

(Islam) Ritually unclean, such that contact with it puts a Muslim in a state of impurity.


binitarian

/ˌbɪnɪˈtɛəɹiən/

(religion) A proponent of binitarianism.


thanatolatry

They confuse Christianity with a thanatolatry and a dolorolatry, a worship of death and suffering.

2000, William F. May, The Physician's Covenant: Images of the Healer in Medical Ethics (Medical), Westminster John Knox Press:

What is going on here? Has not thanatolatry won the day—and the life? We must make an implied distinction between death as extermination, the stinging death of sin claiming worship dominative, demonic death, and death as, in McGill's words, “communicating expediture.”

2013, Arthur C. McGill, Dying Unto Life: Arthur C. McGill on New God, New Death, New Life (Religion), Wipf and Stock Publishers:

This is thanatolatry, martyropathology or nihilism: when an entire society orients itself in this direction, that society is becoming suicidal.

2006, Laurent Murawiec, “Deterring Those Who Are Already Dead?”, in Hudson Institute:

There is the negative thanatolatry of resisting death at all cost and so bowing before death's domination, before death as extermination.

1984, David Cain, “Cambridge University Press”, in Cambridge:

Following Leo Alexander, Ernest Becker recognized the importance of the Nazi “philosophy of blood and soil which contained the belief that death nourishes life”. In effect, this ancient pagan belief converts death-anxiety into “thanatolatry”, a belief in “death potlatch” by means of which death is thought to mystically replenish life.

2012, Kirby Farrell, “Eschatological Landscape”, in Research Gate, Brill:


psycholatry

Then come into being idolatry, psycholatry, henotheism. Idolotry is the worship of an image only, of a symbol of something else. Psycholatry is the worship, the great reverence paid to the spirit of the departed.

1904, M.C. Alasingaperumal, The Brahmavâdin, volume 9 (Hinduism), Zs8aAAAAYAAJ, page 510:

When, moreover, we call to mind that the spirits of the dead, who at this season leave their graves and hold high revel with the fairies, seem really indistinguishable from the latter, the conclusion irresistibly forces itself upon us, that in the cult paid to the fairy race we have a survival of the worship of departed souls, or psycholatry as it is sometimes called, which is, so far as we know, one of the oldest religions in the world, even if it be not, as many high authorities maintain, the primitive religion of mankind.

1890, W.H. Allen, The National Review, volume 14 (Great Britain), Qik_AQAAMAAJ, page 761:

There is again psycholatry, or the religious reverence paid to the spirits of the dead.

1881, The Church Missionary Review (Missions), f7A_AQAAMAAJ:

Another form of religion called psycholatry holds in reverence the spirit of the departed.

1889, A. Tompkins, The Universalist Quarterly and General Review, volumes 46–47 (Universalism), c2pJAQAAMAAJ:

(religion) The worship of departed souls.


'ismah

Borrowed from Arabic عِصْمَة (ʕiṣma), literally "protection".

(Islam) The concept of incorruptible innocence, immunity from sin, or moral infallibility, ascribed to prophets, imams, and angels.


tahaarah

Transliteration of Arabic طَهَارَة (ṭahāra).


ordo salutis

(theology) A series of conceptual steps within the Christian doctrine of salvation.


Shabazz

From Arabic شَعْب (šaʕb, “a people”) and Arabic عَزّ (ʕazz, “to be mighty or glorious”). Also possibly from Persian شهباز (šahbâz, “royal falcon”), from شاه (shāh, “king”), + باز (bāz, “hawk, falcon”).

der

(religion) According to Nation of Islam doctrine, an old prophet from Mecca who led his people into Africa.


Ayoub

(Islam) Job, one of the prophets mentioned in the Qur'an


Haman

(biblical) A Persian vizier who, according to the Book of Esther, instigated a failed plot to kill all of the Jews of ancient Persia.


dastur

(Zoroastrianism) A Zoroastrian high priest ranking above a mobad or herbad.


immanentism

en-noun

immanentism (usually uncountable, plural immanentisms)

While some, like the early Church Fathers, still viewed it as the prison of the spirit, new emphasis came to be placed on the soul's incarceration in the flesh, the doctrine of immanentism.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 126:

(philosophy, theology) A doctrine based on immanence, especially the immanence of God.


Resurrection

(Islam) The 75th sura (chapter) of the Qur'an.


Dawood

From Arabic دَاوُود (dāwūd). Doublet of David.


śarīra

Borrowed from Sanskrit शरीर (śarīra, “body”).

(Buddhism) A relic, especially a pearl-like object, found in the cremated ashes of Buddhist spiritual masters.


Qutbism

The ideology of Qutbism was pursued by Muhammad Abdul al-Salam Faraj, who emerged after Qutb as Egypt's most important Islamist revolutionaries.

2007, Bilveer Singh, The Talibanization of Southeast Asia: Losing the War on Terror to Islamist Extremists:

(Islam, politics) An Islamist ideology developed by Sayyid Qutb, the figurehead of the Muslim Brotherhood, involving the use of military force to propagate sharia law.


Qutbist

en-adj

Qutbist (comparative more Qutbist, superlative most Qutbist)

more Qutbist (comparative)
most Qutbist (superlative)

(Islam, politics) Of or pertaining to Qutbism.


Qutbist

(Islam, politics) A supporter of Qutbism.


teach the controversy

en-verb

teach the controversy (third-person singular simple present teaches the controversy, present participle teaching the controversy, simple past and past participle taught the controversy)

teaches the controversy (present singular third-person)
teaching the controversy (participle present)
taught the controversy (participle past)
taught the controversy (past)

Recent developments in some of the states suggest that all public high school biology teachers may soon have to prepare themselves - whether they like it or not - to teach the controversy.

2008, Patrick H. Clancy, Teaching the Controversy: A How-to Guide for Public (Government) School Biology, Xulon Press, →ISBN:

Senator Rick Santorum is a Pennsylvanian in the same circles (author of the ' Santorum Language' that encourages schools to teach the controversy) ...

2009, Lauri Lebo, The Devil in Dover: An Insider's Story of Dogma V. Darwin in Small-town America, The New Press, →ISBN, page 111:

To the extent that ID is a religious idea, and teaching the controversy is not about teaching a real scientific controversy, there are significant endorsement problems .

2010, Frank S. Ravitch, Marketing Intelligent Design: Law and the Creationist Agenda, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 93:

(US, euphemistic, creationism) To teach that life forms may have been created (almost) in their current form by a sentient being in a manner consistent with Christian dogmata, rather than as a result of ordinary evolution, and that the theory of evolution is controversial.


Gomer

en-proper noun

Gomer (countable and uncountable, plural Gomers)

The sons of Japheth; Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 10:2:


zabiba

Borrowed from Arabic زَبِيبَة (zabība), literally "raisin".


Nanda

From Sanskrit सुन्दरी नन्दा (sundarī nandā) or Pali Sundarī Nandā.

nc

सुन्दरी नन्दा

(Buddhism) The half-sister of Gautama Buddha.


Nanda

From Sanskrit सुन्दरनन्द (sundarananda) or Pali Sundarananda.

(Buddhism) The half-brother of Gautama Buddha.


Prajapati

en-proper noun

Prajapati (countable and uncountable, plural Prajapatis)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit प्रजापति (prajā́pati, “lord of creation”).

lbor

(Hinduism, Vedic religion) A deity, later identified with Brahma.


polypantheism

Immediately from poly- + pantheism. Ultimately from poly- + pan- + Ancient Greek θεός (theós, “god, divine”) + -ism.

der

This may be as simple as the atheist's world view, which actively denies the existence of any God and the validity of any religious system, or as complicated as the constantly evolving polypantheism which is intricately woven into the Hindu world view.

1980, Walter Martin, Gretchen Passantino, The New Cults, page 128:

A postrational passive principle philosophy in defense of feminist polypantheism

2006, Indi Riverflow, Blues 4 Kali, →ISBN:

as noted, Tarde's theory is also a panpsychism, and in his own terms a 'myriatheism' (p. 25), which might be less elegantly paraphrased as polypantheism.

2011, Gabriel de Tarde, Monadology and Sociology, page 73:

The difficulty with polypantheism is the tendency to order, to classify.

2014, Emma Restall Orr, Spirits of the Sacred Grove:

(religion) Belief in multiple impersonal nontranscendent deities embodied by natural phenomena.


Haran

A variant of Haren, or a reduced form of Hanrahan, both Irish surnames.

(biblical) a place in the Bible, possibly identical to Harran in modern-day Turkey that served as Abraham's temporary home after God called him in Ur but before he departed, the place where his father Terah died

(biblical) one of Abraham's two brothers


Jacob's Pillow

(biblical) The stone mentioned in the Book of Genesis as having been used as a pillow by the Israelite patriarch Jacob at the place later called Bet-El. Since Jacob had a vision in his sleep, he then consecrated the stone to God. More recently, the stone has been claimed by Scottish folklore and British Israelism.


free-mix

en-verb

free-mix (third-person singular simple present free-mixes, present participle free-mixing, simple past and past participle free-mixed)

free-mixes (present singular third-person)
free-mixing (participle present)
free-mixed (participle past)
free-mixed (past)

Free-mixing between the sexes is forbidden, men and women are advised to marry at a young age so that they can fulfill their desires lawfully, and all are told to "lower their gazes" in public so that the eye may not be used as an instrument of Satan.

1999, Abdul Ghaffar Hasan, The Rights & Duties Of Women In Islam:

“They have full 'respect' for nightclubs, nudism, alcohol, pornography, homosexuality, fornication, adultery, interest, free-mixing, music, gambling and freedom to insult the sharia under the pretext of freedom of speech,” the message continued.

2011, Yaakov Lappin, Virtual Caliphate: Exposing the Islamist State on the Internet, →ISBN:

You're not going to say it's permissible to free-mix, but this is the society in which you live, so there's bound to be a level of free-mixing— though some of it is needless.

2016, Anabel Inge, The Making of a Salafi Muslim Woman: Paths to Conversion:

However, school leaders had not taken decisive action following reports from the police in 2013/2014 about extremist views, including one posting stating that any sixth-form students who attended a 'leavers' party' and engaged in 'free-mixing' or 'listening to music' would face 'severe consequences later'.

2016, Russell Grigg, Big Ideas in Education: What Every Teacher Should Know:

(intransitive, Islam) To mingle and socialize with members of the opposite sex.


Marcan priority

(theology) The hypothesis that the Gospel of Mark was the first-written of the three Synoptic Gospels and was used as a source by the other two (Matthew and Luke).


state of nature

en-noun

state of nature (plural states of nature)

(philosophy, religion, law) The way that people lived before there was any organized society.

luonnontila

the way that people lived before there was any organized society


power hand

(occultism) That one of an individual's two hands that is most receptive to magical energy, usually the one that is not dominant (i.e. a left-handed person's right hand or vice versa).


Malebranchist

(philosophy, theology) One who subscribes to Malebranchism.


nasnas

(Islam, folklore) A monstrous creature related to the jinn, said to resemble the left or right half of a human being (with half a head, half a body, one arm and one leg).


Bogomilist

Bogomilists rejected the divinity of Jesus, the worship of images, baptism, the ornamentation of churches, etc.

2002, Abul-Fazl Ezzati, The Spread of Islam: The Contributing Factors, Revised edition, page 435:

Persecution by Christians seemed to exterminate it from Europe by the 7th century AD, but offshoots of it kept springing to the surface, in the Bogomilists of Bulgaria in the 10th century and most famously in the Albigensians or 'Kathars' of Albi, in the south of France,[…].

2002, Vladimir Dimitrov, Bob Hodge, Social Fuzziology: Study of Fuzziness of Social Complexity, page 148:

[…]existed among the many Christian Gnostics, Cathars, Bogomilists, and other forms of Christianity that were influenced by Origen on this question.

2015, Shaul Magid, “Chapter 6: The Case of Jewish Arianism: The Pre-existence of the Zaddik in Early Hasidism”, in Brian Ogren, editor, Time and Eternity in Jewish Mysticism, page 100:

(history, religion) An adherent of Bogomilism; a Bogomil.


Bogomilist

But the uniquely disastrous effect of Catholic policy in causing a schism between Bogomilist Bosnia and Catholic Croatia soon was to manifest itself in the fight over Tvrdko's inheritance.

1964, Stanko Guldescu, History of Medieval Croatia, page 256:

2006, Christopher K. Coffman, 5: Bogomilism, Orphism, Shamanism: The Physical and Spatial Grounds of Pynchon's Ecological Ethic, Jeffrey Severs, Christopher Leise, Pynchon's Against the Day: A Corrupted Pilgrim's Guide, page 103,
More specifically, Pynchon's characterization of the sect reveals a point of essential compatibility, one in which Cyprian's Bogomilist suspension of belief in the doctrine of a final judgment can be viewed as complementary to Orphism's rejection of an ultimate eschatological scene.

It seems likely though, that something of the Manichean and Bogomilist attitude toward dead bodies enters into the picture.

2009, Jay Stevenson, The Complete Idiot's Guide to Vampires, page 92:

(history, religion) Of, pertaining to or adhering to Bogomilism.


pitaka

Borrowed from Sanskrit पिटक (piṭaka), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pirtakas.

(Buddhism) A collection of Buddhist scriptures.


Elron

(Scientology) L. Ron Hubbard (1911–1986), American author and founder of Scientology.


alamoth

Borrowed from Hebrew עֲלָמוֹת (‘ălāmōṯ, “women of childbearing age”), feminine plural of עֶלֶם (èlem, “man of marriageable age”).

bor

1 Chronicles 15:20 Zechariah, Jaaziel, Shemiramoth, Jehiel, Unni, Eliab, Maaseiah and Benaiah were to play the lyres according to alamoth ...

(biblical, music) soprano or, possibly, virgin


antiagnostic

The agnostic is open towards atheism and metaphysics. The antiagnostic selects only one option: either atheism or metaphysics, and is not agnostic about that!

(philosophy, metaphysics, religion) Alternative form of anti-agnostic


antiagnostic

en-adj

antiagnostic (comparative more antiagnostic, superlative most antiagnostic)

more antiagnostic (comparative)
most antiagnostic (superlative)

A non ambivalent worldview, thus absolute, is always antiagnostic!


anti-agnostic

The agnostic is open towards atheism and metaphysics. The anti-agnostic selects only one option: either atheism or metaphysics, and is not agnostic about that!

(philosophy, metaphysics, religion) A person who opposes agnosticism.

αντιαγνωστικιστής

against ambiguous metaphysics; fully supporting either atheism or religion


anti-agnostic

A non ambivalent worldview, thus absolute, is always anti-agnostic!

(philosophy, metaphysics, religion) Opposed to agnosticism.

αντιαγνωστικιστικός

against ambiguous metaphysics; expressing full support to either atheism or religion


sarkari

Borrowed from Hindi सरकारी (sarkārī). The usage of "sarkari" as a negative term originated from Khalistani supporters who condemned Sikhs who supported the government of India.

sarkari Musalman

a Muslim who favours BJP policies instead of Muslim activism

(India, Islam, slang) Supporting the government of India, pro-establishment; specifically, the BJP and Hindutva, against Indian Muslim interests.


dharmachakra

Transliteration of Sanskrit धर्मचक्र (dharmacakra).

translit

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) The wheel of dharma (natural law; cosmic order), a motif in dharmic religions.


manusya

Transliteration of Sanskrit मनुष्य (manuṣyà).

If not a devata – let's try to become at least worth a manusya, what we look in appearance. For us to become a manusya, we must take care that we don't take anything from anyone more than what is due to us. As a manusya we cannot and should not cheat others.

2005, Dr. Harish Chandra, Ph. D., As Simple As It Gets, Hyderabad: Center for Inner Sciences, →ISBN, page 69, →ISBN:

Three classes of Prajapati's progeny—Devas (gods), Manusyas (men) and Asuras (demons)—lived a life of discipline under their father, Prajapati […]

2006, Mahendra Kulasrestha, Culture India: a compendium of Indian philosophy, religion, arts, literature and society, New Delhi: Lotus Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 74, →ISBN:

The Manusyas or men are placed next to gods, Gandharvas and Apsarâs were inferior gods who ruled over forests and rivers.

1880, Mahadev Moreshwar Kunte, The Vicissitudes of Âryan Civilization in India: An Essay, which Treats of the History of the Vedic and Buddhistic Polities, Explaining Their Origin, Prosperity, and Decline, Bombay: Printed at the Oriental Print. Press, →OCLC, page 215:

In the Anguttara Nikaya, He said: ‘I am not indeed a deva, nor a gandharva, nor a yaksa, nor a manusya. Know ye that I am the Buddha.’ After Enlightenment, the Buddha could no longer be classified even as a ‘manusya’ or an ordinary human being.

2013 August 31, “Was Buddha an Incarnation of God?”, in Tsem Rinpoche, archived from the original on 2020-08-12:

(rare outside of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and related philosophy) man, human being

rare outside of Hinduism; Jainism and related philosophy; rare outside of Hinduism; Jainism and related philosophy


Elon

en-proper noun

Elon (countable and uncountable, plural Elons)

From Hebrew אֵילֹן (ʼÊlōn, literally “oak tree”).

bor

And after him, Elon, a Zebulonite iudged Israel, and he iudged Israel ten yeeres.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Judges 12:11:

(biblical) A judge in the Old Testament.


anthropopathetically

I ascribe no faculties at all to God, except it be anthropopathetically; as the Scripture ascribes eyes and hands to God; which must be understood as is beseeming the majesty of God.

1844, John Bramhall, The Works of the Most Reverend Father in God, John Bramhall:

(theology, rare) Exhibiting human emotions.


yasht

From Middle Persian yšt' (yašt, “prayer, worship”), probably from Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬀 (yašta, “honored”), from 𐬫𐬀𐬰 (yaz, “to worship, honor”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁yaǵ-.

(Zoroastrianism) Any of a collection of hymns and prayers.


Kathina

(Buddhism) An annual festival during which robes are presented to priests, usually falling between the 1st day of the waning moon of the 11th month and the middle of the 12th month under the lunar calendar.


Idris

(Islam) a prophet in Islam; traditionally identified with the biblical Enoch.


Asenath

Hebrew אָסְנַת (ʾāsənaṯ)

(biblical) An Egyptian woman whom Pharaoh gave to Joseph, son of Jacob, to be his wife, and who bore him two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim.


musalla

Borrowed from Arabic مُصَلًّى (muṣallan), from صَلَّى (ṣallā, “to pray”).

(Islam) A place for praying (e.g. outside a mosque); a praying room.


Jehoiada

Hebrew יְהוֹיָדָע

(biblical) A prominent priest during the reigns of Ahaziah, Athaliah, and Joash. He became the brother-in-law of King Ahaziah and opposed the worship of Baal.


herbad

From Classical Persian هیرْبَد (hērbad), from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hylpt' /hērbed/, “teacher-priest”).

der

(Zoroastrianism) A Zoroastrian priest of a minor order.


sesshin

(Buddhism) A period of intensive zazen meditation in a Buddhist monastery.


syneisaktism

From Ancient Greek συνείσακτος (suneísaktos, “(adjective) introduced together; (noun) participant in syneisaktism”), from συνεισάγω (suneiságō, “to bring in together”), from συν- (sun-, “together”) + εἰσάγω (eiságō, “to bring in, introduce”).

bor

Elizabeth Clark argues cogently that syneisaktism provided a couple with a rare opportunity for friendship between the sexes.[…]John Chrysostom, for example, who wrote two treatises against syneisaktism, was also a powerful advocate for female virginity, which he occasionally presented as a means of escaping Eve's curse of subordination.

1993, Dyan Elliott, Spiritual Marriage: Sexual Abstinence in Medieval Wedlock, Princeton University Press, page 34:

John Chrysostom (d. 407) wrote two treatises on the practice of syneisaktism - spiritual marriage between male and female ascetics - which was popular and widespread after the second century. Some assert that it represented the solution to a practical problem; since few convents were available until the fifth century, syneisaktism gave female ascetics a place to live without going off into the desert.

1998, Kenneth B. Steinhauser, “The Aesthetics of Paradise: Images of Women in Christian Antiquity”, in Joseph Martos, Pierre Hégy, editors, Equal at the Creation: Sexism, Society, and Christian Thought, University of Toronto Press, page 55:

Some have read in this text the possibility of a form of syneisaktism, or “spiritual marriage,” which would have involved living together but would not have involved sexual activity. Paul clearly separates syneisaktism from getting married, which is why I am naming it here as a form of cohabitation.

2017, Jana Marguerite Bennett, Singleness and the Church: A New Theology of the Single Life, Oxford University Press, page 211:

(historical, religion, Christianity) The practice, from early Christian until mediaeval times, of a man and woman living together in a non-legalised relationship while observing vows of chastity.

spiritual marriage

practice of non-legalised chaste relationship


Tertullianist

2007, William Tabbernee, Fake Prophecy and Polluted Sacraments: Ecclesiastical and Imperial Reactions to Montanism, Koninklijke Brill (Brill), page 268,
Even Augustine's contact with the Tertullianists appears to have been slight. Could Augustine's assessment of the Tertullianists, therefore, have been inaccurate?

Christian learning must accordingly be Tertullianist learning. Tertullianist as well as Clementine — Clementine as well as Tertullianist.

2009, Nicholas Wolterstorff, edited by Terence Cuneo, Inquiring about God: Selected Essays, Volume 1, Cambridge University Press, page 303:

Augustine's indication that Tertullian himself founded the Tertullianists as a splinter group from the Carthaginian Montanists is unlikely. It is possible that the term ‘Tertullianist’ was a synonym for African Montanists, or that the Tertullianists were a sect within Carthaginian Montanism, or even that the Tertullianists did not identify themselves as Montanists at all.

2017, Julian Barr, Tertullian and the Unborn Child: Christian and Pagan Attitudes in Historical Perspective, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), page 8:

(historical, religion, Christianity) An adherent of the teachings of early Christian theologian Tertullian (Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus; c.155-c.240 CE).


tassawuf

Borrowed from Arabic تَصَوُّف (taṣawwuf)


katechon

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κατέχον (katékhon, “that which withholds”) or Ancient Greek κατέχων (katékhōn, “the one who withholds”).

der

(theology) Someone or something (of disputed identity) whose removal is necessary before the Antichrist can be fully manifested, according to 2 Thessalonians 2:6-7 in the Bible.


supernatural selection

(religion) A process by which heritable traits are given or planned by a higher power, as distinguished from natural selection.


prosopon

From Ancient Greek πρόσωπον (prósōpon, “face, mask, person”).

uder

(theology) The self-manifestation of an individual.


earth mother

(paganism) Alternative letter-case form of Earth Mother


Amida

A borrowing of Japanese 阿弥陀 (Amida), q.v.

(Buddhism) Synonym of Amitābha, the most important buddha of the Pure Land sect.


chiliocosm

From chilia- + Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos, “world”).

It is he who in the Fa houa king is called the Lord of the Savaloka, the great Brahma, who governs the grand chiliocosm, that is the greatest of the three aggregations of universes, containing a thousand million of suns, of Sumerus, and quadruple continents such as we behold.

1848, Faxian, Abel Rémusat, & Julius von Klaproth, The Pilgrimage of Fa Hian, page 131:

Beyond one such chiliocosm, there lies another and so on to endless. All chiliocosms alike are under the domination of the Supreme Law of Nature of the Law of Karma.

2003, Pram Nguyen, The Ultimate Theory of the Universe, →ISBN, page 233:

It has the similar meaning with a poem written by William Blake, a British poet: To See a World in a Grain of Sand, And a Heaven in a Wild Flower, Hold Infinity in the palm of your hand, And Eternity in an hour. So, a better translation is put forward: A tiny flower represents a chiliocosm, as a single tree covers the bodhi.

2015, Ford Lumban Gaol, Interdisciplinary Behavior and Social Sciences, →ISBN:

The first order chiliocosm encompasses one thousand worlds, each of them identically structured, with Mount Meru at the center, surrounded by four major continents and eight subcontinents. The second order chiliocosm has one thousand times as many worlds as the first, and the third order chiliocosm has one thousand times as many worlds as the second.

2016, Text, History, and Philosophy: Abhidharma across Buddhist Scholastic Traditions, →ISBN, page 319:


Plymouthism

(religion) The beliefs of the Plymouth Brethren, a conservative evangelical Christian movement.

Plymouth Brethren

Exclusive Brethren (Darbyites); Open Brethren (Christian Brethren)

Assemblies Jehovah Shammah

sometimes considered a subset of Open Brethren


Antlered God

(Wicca) The second major supernatural figure in the Wiccan religion, a triune god equal to the Goddess, split into the aspects of Father, Master, and the Sage.


krypsis

(theology) The doctrine that Christ, during His state of humiliation, continued to possess in a veiled way the divine attributes of omnipotence, omniscience, etc.


Star of Bethlehem

(biblical) The bright star in the Gospel of Matthew that lead the "wise men from the East" to travel to Bethlehem.


Irad

And unto Enoch was born Irad: and Irad begat Mehujael: and Mehujael begat Methusael: and Methusael begat Lamech.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 4:18:


Mehujael

der

Hebrew מחויאל


Methusael

Hebrew מתושאל

And to Enoch was born Irad: and Irad begat Mehujael: and Mehujael begat Methusael: and Methusael begat Lamech.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 3:18:


theothanatology

en-noun

theothanatology (usually uncountable, plural theothanatologies)

It is no wonder that so many have felt humanity should overthrow such a God and be happier without him. Much of the theothanatology of the 1960s expressed optimism that civilization - particularly American civilization - was ready to do so at last.

1993, Marianthe Colakis, The classics in the American theater of the 1960s and early 1970s:

(philosophy, theology) A range of philosophical and theological explorations of the idea that God may be dead.


unipersonality

the unipersonality of Christ

(theology) The quality of being a single person.


be gathered to one's fathers

en-verb

be<is,being,was,been> gathered to one's fathers

be gathered to one's fathers (third-person singular simple present is gathered to one's fathers, present participle being gathered to one's fathers, simple past was gathered to one's fathers, past participle been gathered to one's fathers)

is gathered to one's fathers (present singular third-person)
being gathered to one's fathers (participle present)
was gathered to one's fathers (past)
been gathered to one's fathers (participle past)

/biː ˈɡæðəd tuː wʌnz ˈfɑːðəz/

/bi ˈɡæðɚd tə wʌnz ˈfɑðɚz/

From various passages in the Bible, including Judges 2:10, and 1 Maccabees 2:69 in the Apocrypha (see the quotations), from
From Biblical Hebrew נֶאֶסְפוּ אֶל-אֲבוֹתָיו (neʾespū ʾel-ʾăḇôṯâw) and Koine Greek προσετέθη πρὸς τοὺς πατέρας αὐτοῦ (prosetéthē pròs toùs patéras autoû, Apocrypha).

der

נֶאֶסְפוּ אֶל-אֲבוֹתָיו

neʾespū ʾel-ʾăḇôṯâw

προσετέθη πρὸς τοὺς πατέρας αὐτοῦ

And alſo all that generacion was gathered vnto their fathers, and an other generacion aroſe after them, which nether knewe the Lord, nor yet the workes, which he had done for Iſraél.

[1560, [William Whittingham et al., transl.], The Bible and Holy Scriptures Conteyned in the Olde and Newe Testament. […] (the Geneva Bible), Geneva: […] Rouland Hall, →OCLC, Ivdges II:10, folio 109, recto:

So he bleſſed them, and was gathered to his fathers.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Maccabees 2:69, column 1:

How many prayers, offered up by ſerious and regenerated believers for their ungodly children, have been anſwered years after the humble petitioners have been gathered to their fathers!

1795 January, “Repentance, Conversion, and Dying Experience of a Poor Prostitute”, in The Evangelical Magazine, London: […] T. Chapman, […], →OCLC, page 8:

Besides the probate, large fees are demanded for burying him in the chancel; his virtues are handed down to posterity on taxed marble; and he is then gathered to his fathers,—to be taxed no more.

1820 January, [Sydney Smith], “Art. III. Statistical Annals of the United States of America. By Adam Seybert. 4to. Philadelphia, 1818. [book review]”, in The Edinburgh Review, or Critical Journal, volume XXXIII, number LXV, Edinburgh: Printed by David Willison, for Archibald Constable and Company; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown, →OCLC, page 78:

We have seen how William the Conqueror has been gathered to his fathers. Usual pageantries ensued: loud praises bestowed upon the departed monarch by those who enjoyed his bounty or profited by his patronage.

1864, Francis Palgrave, “The Events Consequent upon the Accession of Rufus in England, and of Robert in Normandy”, in [Francis Turner Palgrave], editor, The History of Normandy and of England, volumes IV (William Rufus—Accession of Henry Beauclerc), London: Macmillan & Co., […], →OCLC, § 1, page 1:

In the course of years this worthy couple were gathered to their fathers and headlines on old tombs in the Means cemetery indicate that they found a resting place there many years ago.

1909, Edward H. Chadwick, “James Robert Means”, in Chadwick’s History of Shelby County, Indiana, Indianapolis, Ind.: B. F. Bowen & Company, →OCLC, page 915:

I am well over sixty and must expect to be gathered to my fathers sooner rather than later. Who will then be left to carry on the family traditions in a worthy manner?

2004, chapter 24, in Vladimir Kean, transl., Beyond the Golden Lotus: Chin P’ing Mei, London, New York, N.Y.: Kegan Paul, →ISBN, page 303:

[T]he offender is to be "cut off" (either the offender's line of descendants will cease, or the offender is barred from "being gathered to his fathers" in the afterlife).

2005, Victor P. Hamilton, “A Holiness Manifesto: Leviticus 17–27”, in Handbook on the Pentateuch, 2nd (ebook) edition, Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Academic, Baker Publishing Group, published 29 April 2015, →ISBN, part 3 (Leviticus):

(biblical and literary, dated) To be buried together with one's forebears; hence, to die.

נֶאֱסָף אֶל אֲבוֹתָיו

to be buried together with one's forebears — see also die

отпра́виться к праотца́м (otprávitʹsja k praotcám, literally “to depart to one’s forefathers”)


heave-shoulder

(religion, historical) The shoulder of an animal elevated in sacrifice.


vijnana

From Sanskrit विज्ञान (vijñāna, “consciousness”).

bor

(Buddhism, Hinduism) consciousness; life force


Avalokiteshvara

From Sanskrit अवलोकितेश्वर (Avalokiteśvara, literally “Lord of Perception”).

अवलोकितेश्वर

(Buddhism) A bodhisattva who embodies compassion.


Gadarene swine

2000 [1908, Weiser Books], R. Campbell Thompson, Semitic Magic: Its Origins and Development, Red Wheel/Weiser, page 208,
The most remarkable parallel to this spell is contained in the New Testament story of the Gadarene swine.

In fact, Hamsun now completes his allusion to the story of the Gadarene swine alluded to by Pauline in the previous novel. That the reader is expected to recall the Biblical story is quite evident from one simple fact: the number of sheep, according to August's rough reckoning, is "over two thousand"; the herd of Gadarene swine numbered "about two thousand."

2005, Sverre Lyngstad, Knut Hamsun, Novelist: A Critical Assessment, Peter Lang, page 294:

Here Dostoevsky uses the biblical story of the Gadarene swine—a tale of unclean devils that, having been exorcised from a sick or mad man by Christ, enter a herd of swine that then rushes headlong down a steep bank into the sea (Mark 5:2-20)—to generate a series of analogies that suggest that Russia is a sick or mad man possessed by devils and that the swine that the devils enter upon being exorcised are the revolutionaries (Devils, 647–48). In The Master of Petersburg, however, Coetzee applies the story of the Gadarene swine not only to Russia and the phenomenon of revolutionary nihilism but also to the character Dostoevsky himself.

2006, Michael Marais, “4: Death and the Space of the Response to the Other in J. M. Coetzee's Master of Petersburg”, in Jane Poyner, editor, J. M. Coetzee and the Idea of the Public Intellectual, Ohio University Press, page 87:

(biblical) A herd of swine that become possessed by demons after the latter are exorcised from men, in a parable told in each of the Synoptic Gospels, although not the Gospel of John.


hamartialogy

(theology) The part of theology dealing with the nature and effects of sin.


istikhara

اِسْتِخَارَة

Arabic اِسْتِخَارَة (istiḵāra)

(Islam) A prayer seeking guidance in making a decision.


qareen

(Islam) A jinn who acts as a person's spiritual double and may influence them to do evil.


nisab

(Islam) A minimum amount of wealth beyond which one must pay zakat (alms).


ritely

(religion, archaic) With the necessary rites.


inlibration

Coined by Harry A Wolfson (1887–1974) on the model of incarnation, from in- + inflected stem of Latin liber (“book”) + -ation.

Consequently, […] the question arises in our mind whether […] there was not also in Islam a controversy over the inlibration, that is, the embookment, of the pre-existing Koran in the revealed Koran and also over the problem of whether the revealed Koran had two natures, a divine and a man-made, or only one nature, a man-made nature.

1976, Harry Austryn Wolfson, The Philosophy of the Kalam, page 146:

The Prophet had to be a vessel unstained by external knowledge for the Word's inlibration, just as Mary had to be virgin in order to be a pure vessel for the Word's incarnation.

1992, Annemarie Schimmel, Islam: An Introduction, page 75:

Inlibration works in contrast—for Muslims the Qur'an is god, a fixed point as god's creation goes on around it.

2015, Steve Aylett, Heart of the Original, Unbound, page 30:

(Islam) The fact of God's being invested in a book (the Qur'an), as opposed to in flesh as held by Christianity.


khafd

female genital mutilation
female genital mutilation


Dianeticist

(Scientology) A practitioner of Dianetics.

(Scientology) Someone who supports the ideas and practices of Dianetics.


Epistle of James

(biblical) The twentieth book of the New Testament.


orienate

en-verb

orienate (third-person singular simple present orienates, present participle orienating, simple past and past participle orienated)

orienates (present singular third-person)
orienating (participle present)
orienated (participle past)
orienated (past)

/ˈɔɹiɛnˌeɪt/

Probably from the incorrect derivation of Latin oriēns (“orient”, oriēnt- in compounds) + -ate (verb-forming suffix) or a misspelling of orientate (perhaps through French, see pronunciation at French orient). Compare oriency and orience.

af

We may also discern that Mary picks up something of a possible rebuke as, in her final turn, she orienate directly to this contrast between *then' and ' now' by identifying Jean and Mary as "you' - [...]

2005, David Middleton, Steve D Brown, The Social Psychology of Experience:

"...a militant party, a revolutionary party, bold enongh to lead the proletarians to the struggle for power, with sufficient experience to be able to orienate itself in the complicated problems that arise in a revolutionary situation [...]

And one must also be able to orienate himself quickly, to catch up the direction of the approaching fashions.

From March 11 to March 18 the condition grew progressively worse; the patient became restless; he developed stertorous breathing, became stuporous, and failed to recognize his wife, but on March 20 became orienated, complaining of numbness in the side of the face; [...]

1930, United States Veterans' Bureau Medical report, volume VI:

(transitive, reflexive or intransitive, social sciences, religion, dated) To change (or make something change) for or get accustomed (or make something get accustomed) to a new situation, adapt.


trinitarian formula

(religion, Christianity) The phrase "in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit", or words to that form and effect, referring to the three persons of the Christian Trinity.


talqin

(Islam) The recitation of the shahada and other creedal information or instructions to someone who is about to die, or who has recently died and been buried.


wallahi

From Arabic وَٱللّٰه (wa-llāh, literally “by God”).


sword verse

Calque of Arabic آيَات السَّيْف (ʔāyāt as-sayf, “sword verses”).

cal

آيَات السَّيْف

(Islam, chiefly in the plural) Any of a number of verses in the Qur'an that may be interpreted as promoting violence against nonbelievers.


skufia

(religion) A soft-sided brimless cap of various shapes, worn by clergy or monastics.


turbah

From Arabic تُرْبَة (turba). Doublet of turbeh.

(Islam) A small piece of soil or clay, often in the form of a tablet, used in Islamic prayer to symbolize earth.


paramaatma

(India, religion) The eternal divine or cosmic soul.


omnism

en-noun

omnism (countable and uncountable, plural omnisms)

(philosophy, religion) The doctrine of allness, completeness, and totality.


musaharati

(Islam) A person who beats a drum to wake Muslims for suhur.


sleep with one's fathers

en-verb

sleep with one's fathers (third-person singular simple present sleeps with one's fathers, present participle sleeping with one's fathers, simple past and past participle slept with one's fathers)

sleeps with one's fathers (present singular third-person)
sleeping with one's fathers (participle present)
slept with one's fathers (participle past)
slept with one's fathers (past)

Calque of Biblical Hebrew וַיִּשְׁכַּב עִם־אֲבֹתָיו (wayyiškaḇ ʿim-ʾăḇōṯâw, literally “he slept with his fathers”) (found, for example, in the Bible at 1 Kings 2:10); compare be gathered to one's fathers.

calque

וַיִּשְׁכַּב עִם־אֲבֹתָיו

(biblical and literary, dated or obsolete) To be buried together with one's forebears; hence, to die; also, to be dead.


prorevival

en-adj

prorevival (comparative more prorevival, superlative most prorevival)

more prorevival (comparative)
most prorevival (superlative)

As a result of these irregular ordinations and licensings, a rupture occurred between prorevival ministers in southern Kentucky and more conservative members of the Synod of Kentucky.

2005, Samuel S. Hill, Charles H. Lippy, Charles Reagan Wilson, Encyclopedia of Religion in the South, page 311:

(religion) In favour of revival or revivalism.


prorevivalist

As the revivals died down in the 1740s, the revivalist camp made concessions to their opponents, admonished prorevivalists who continued with the hostilities, and generally sought to heal divisions.

2006, Michael P. Young, Bearing Witness Against Sin:

(religion) A supporter of revival or revivalism.


trinitize

en-verb

trinitize (third-person singular simple present trinitizes, present participle trinitizing, simple past and past participle trinitized)

trinitizes (present singular third-person)
trinitizing (participle present)
trinitized (participle past)
trinitized (past)

Specifically, Theiler argued that, in their quest to trinitize everything, Neoplatonists forced third components into what were originally dyads, or broke single deities into three separate deities or entities.

1990, Sarah Iles Johnston, Hekate soteira:


Avestaic

(religion) Of, or pertaining to, the Avesta, the Zoroastrian religious texts.


recreationism

Apparently the advocates of recreationism accept this; at least, I know of none who clearly stipulates that the identity-of-matter condition must be met.

2015, William Hasker, The Emergent Self:

(theology) The concept that the world may be conceived as being created anew at every instant in time.


Bethsaida

From Hebrew/Aramaic בית צידה (bet tsaida, “house of hunting”).

der

/ˌbɛθˈseɪ.ɪ.ɾə/

/bɛθˈseɪ.ɪ.ɾə/

(biblical) Either of the two villages, Bethesda Julias and Bethesda of Galilee, mentioned in the New Testament.


Bethsaida

Alternate reading of Bethesda, from Aramaic חַסְדָּא (bēṯ ḥasdā, “House of Grace”).

/ˌbɛθˈseɪ.ɪ.ɾə/

/bɛθˈseɪ.ɪ.ɾə/


stato-

From Ancient Greek στατός (statós, “standing”).

uder

(politics, religion) State or government.


Judeo-Christo-Islamic

en-adj

Judeo-Christo-Islamic (comparative more Judeo-Christo-Islamic, superlative most Judeo-Christo-Islamic)

more Judeo-Christo-Islamic (comparative)
most Judeo-Christo-Islamic (superlative)

(religion) Encompassing Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.


taalim

From Arabic تَعْلِيم (taʕlīm, “education”).

Ahmadu Bamba developed a system of education for realizing his philosophy of religion and life which Babou spelt out as comprising three steps: there is taalim, the study of the Qur'an and Islamic science for feeding the brain, then there is tarbiyya, for educating the soul, and finally tarqiyya, only reachable by a small number of people and "gifted disciples" which puts them in a position of leadership.

2013, Sakah Saidu Mahmud, Sharia or Shura: Contending Approaches to Muslim Politics in Nigeria and Senegal:

There are some requirements for hosting the taalim, which moves from one house to another every month by decision of the mosques of the town, village, or neighborhood.

2017, Pauline Jones, Islam, Society, and Politics in Central Asia:


Budai

Derived from Mandarin 布袋 (Bùdài, “cloth sack”).

der+

(Buddhism) A 10th-century monk, revered as Maitreya, a bodhisattva, in the Mahayana Buddhist pantheon; the Laughing Buddha.


runelore

In fact so serious a discrepancy could only arise in the infancy of this little-studied Old-Northern Rune-lore, when the material was so comparatively slender and the few monuments gave scarcely any acknowledged formulas.

1884, George Stephens, The Old-Northern Runic Monuments of Scandinavia and England, London: Williams and Norgate, page 213:

Runelore is dominated by the figure of Ódhinn. It is the path exemplified by him that the runester seeks to travel.

1989, Edred Thorsson, Runelore: A Handbook of Esoteric Runology, York Beach, Me.: S. Weiser, page 175:

(fantasy, paganism) The study of runes, typically for magical or religious purposes.


manqabat

From Hindustani منقبت / मनक़बत (manaqbat).

(Sufism) A Sufi devotional poem in praise of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the son-in-law of Muhammad, or of any Sufi saint.


ergism

Faith without works is dogma-righteousness, orthodoxism. Works without the foundation of faith are work-righteousness, ergism.

1867, Johann Peter Lange, Philip Schaff, A Commentary on the Holy Scriptures:

Both enthusiasm and “ergism" are sheer illusion. Neither one is found in pure Christianity.

1900, The American Journal of Theology - Volume 4, Issue 1, page 146:

The two main forms of literalism are ergism and orthodoxy.

2015, Søren Kierkegaard, Bruce H. Kirmmse, K. Brian Söderquist, Kierkegaard's Journals and Notebooks, Volume 2: Journals EE-KK, →ISBN:

(theology) The belief that good works are necessary for salvation.


nafs

(Islam) The self; the psyche, ego, or soul.


subordinationism

(Christianity, theology) A doctrine regarding the Trinity, holding that the Son and possibly the Holy Spirit are inferior to the Father.


subordinationist

(Christianity, theology) A believer in subordinationism.


All-Father

From all + father. The sense used to refer to Odin was a calque of Old Norse Alfǫðr.

(Germanic paganism, Norse mythology) Odin.


Protevangelium

(theology) God's statement to the Serpent in the Garden of Eden about how the seed of the woman would crush the serpent's head.


irenicism

en-noun

irenicism (usually uncountable, plural irenicisms)

A striking feature of this volume is the pronounced irenicism of the Americans, Lindbeck of Yale and Quanbeck of the Luther Theological Seminary at St. Paul, in contrast to the unsparingly critical approach of the Europeans.

1965, New Catholic World, volume 202, page 117:

The elector Palatine, as self-appointed Calvinist leader, promoted his own, narrow form of irenicism to remain within the Peace by finding common ground with Lutherans.

2016, Peter H. Wilson, The Holy Roman Empire, Penguin, published 2017, page 122:

(theology, chiefly Christianity) Behaviour or belief that tends to resolve disputes between denominations or religions; irenical theology; conciliation.


effectual calling

He'll ſcreed you aff Effectual Calling, / As faſt as ony in the dwalling.— [...]

1801, Robert Burns, “The Inventory. In Answer to a Mandate by the Surveyor of the Taxes.”, in Poems Ascribed to Robert Burns, the Ayrshire Bard, […], Glasgow: […] Chapman & Lang, for Thomas Stewart, […], →OCLC, page 48:

(theology) The invitation to come to Christ which the elect receive.


cooperating grace

(theology) The Roman Catholic, Arminian and Socinian doctrine that the human will cooperates with the divine in the matter of saving grace.


psychostasia

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ψυχοστασία (psukhostasía, “weighing of lives”).

bor

(religion) The weighing of souls, as a form of judgment of people's worth.


Revised Standard Version

the Revised Standard Version (canonical)

Since the Revised Standard Version only claims to be a revision of the American Standard Version the sources and background of which are quite fully discussed under the heading of "Revisions" in a previous chapter it is not further discussed here.

1996, Elton Jones, Which Bible?, page 40:

(biblical, Christianity) An English translation of the Bible published in 1952 by the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA, based on the earlier American Standard Version.


documentary hypothesis

Out of this rare discovery have sprung the documentary hypothesis, the fragmentary hypothesis, and we know not how many more hypotheses, each of which has been maintained for a time, as self-evidently true, and then exploded.

1842, The Princeton Review, volume 14, page 205:

(theology) The hypothesis that the Pentateuch consists of two or more, usually four, originally distinct major documents.

oorkondenhypothese

literary-critical theory about the Penteteuch


keep one's chapels

en-verb

keep one's chapels (third-person singular simple present keeps one's chapels, present participle keeping one's chapels, simple past and past participle kept one's chapels)

keeps one's chapels (present singular third-person)
keeping one's chapels (participle present)
kept one's chapels (participle past)
kept one's chapels (past)

(religion, dated) To attend the requisite number of church services.


Buddahood

But yet Gautama did all this, and this was the means he adopted to attain Buddahood.

1878, Buddhism and Christianity Face to Face, page 62:

Unless he enters Buddahood, he will fall into the hells and suffer.

1986, Yoshiko Kurata Dykstra, The Konjaku Tales: From a Medieval Japanese Collection. Indian section:

Whatever the contingent and occasional purpose of a ritual, its primary concern is always the attainment of Buddahood in the body by an immediate perception of the unobstructed interpenetration of all dharmas.

1987, Religious Traditions - Volume 10, page 21:

The Buddhist who bows before an image of the Buddha understands himself not as honoring an individual, but expressing his respect for Buddahood, a potentiality of all humans (or in some cases all beings) and devoting himself to the cultivaton of his own "enlightenment."

1997, Gary David Comstock, Susan E. Henking, Que(e)rying Religion: A Critical Anthology, →ISBN, page 275:

The eternity and omnipresence of the True Nature is equivalent to the omnipresence of the Mean; Buddahood or the dharma-nature is, crypto-pantheistically, present everywhere and in everything.

2000, Brook Ziporyn, Evil And/or/as the Good, →ISBN:

(Buddhism) The state of being a buddha, enlightenment or nirvana.


eternal now

For the bliss of the animals lies in this, that, on their lower level, they shadow the bliss of those—few at any moment on the earth—who do not "look before and after, and pine for what is not," but live in the holy carelessness of the eternal now.

1879, George MacDonald, chapter 2, in Sir Gibbie:

We never go beyond the present. […] Tomorrow never comes. Our existence is enclosed within the divine moment, the eternal now.

1884, Warren Felt Evans, The Divine Law of Cure, page 107:

Who is it that needs history the most? Our children, of course. […] Unless they can be won to history, their imagination will be held hostage in the cage of eternal Now: the flickering instant that's gone as soon as it has arrived.

2010 November 9, Simon Schama, “My vision for history in schools”, in Guardian (UK), retrieved 2019-01-02:

Brynner used photography as a way to stay in love with his day job, filling hours spent waiting on film sets by strolling among friends and crew with a Leica slung around his neck. His images reveal a talent for accruing images of subjects utterly at ease in his presence and rare treasures indeed when seen alongside stilted studio publicity visuals. […] These are some of the most noted names of the era and—whether in stylish monochrome or courtesy of Kodachrome’s pinks and yellows—they appear rapt and relaxed, exhilarated to be living their kind of life in a sun-drenched, eternal now.

2012 January 14, Lucy Davies, “Yul Brynner: a photographic journey”, in Telegraph (UK), retrieved 2019-01-02:

He quoted a former speechwriter for Mr. Bush, Michael Gerson, about Mr. Trump: “He lives in the eternal now—no history, no consequences.”

2018 October 18, Maggie Haberman, “A President Who Believes He Is Entitled to His Own Facts”, in New York Times (USA), retrieved 2019-01-02:

(religion, philosophy, psychology) The condition in which all reality is experienced in the present, with the past contained only in memory and the future only in anticipation or speculation.

[Heidegger] is trying to avoid any conception of time that begins with a distinction between time and eternity. On this understanding of time, classically expressed in Augustine's Confessions, temporality is derived from a higher non-temporal state of eternity, which is co-extensive with the infinite and eternal now of God.

2009 July 27, Simon Critchley, “Heidegger's Being and Time, part 8: Temporality”, in Guardian (UK), retrieved 2019-01-02:

(religion, philosophy) The nature of God's existence which is outside of time; the nature of a soul's existence in a supposed timeless afterlife.


proseuche

From Ancient Greek προσευχή (proseukhḗ). According to Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible:
: prayer (worship); by implication, an oratory (chapel):—X pray earnestly, prayer.

On behalf of king Ptolemy and queen Berenice his sister and wife and their children, the Jews (dedicated) the proseuche.

246–221 BCE, Plaque, dedication of a Schedian proseuche:

On behalf of king Ptolemy, son of Ptolemy, and queen Berenice his wife and sister and their children, the Jews in Crocodilopolis (dedicated) the proseuche .....

246–221 BCE, Stele, dedication of an Arsinoëan-Crocodilopolitan proseuche:

(religion) A place of prayer; among the Jews, one that was not a synagogue, or the temple, usually roofless.


juniorate

(religion) A secondary school for young people planning to enter religious life.


Claim of Right

(religion, historical) The statement, in Scottish constitutional law, of the right of the church to spiritual independence and liberty from the interference of the civil courts in her spiritual functions, adopted by an immense majority of the General Assembly in 1842.


Chosen People

(religion) A group having a special status and relationship to God.


Abijah

From Hebrew אביה, name of the king and also several minor biblical characters.

Now in the eighteenth year of king Jeroboam the son of Nebat reigned Abijam over Judah.

(biblical) King of Judah after Rehoboam, the first to begin reign over Judah only; the father of Asa


proselyte of the gate

en-noun

proselyte of the gate (plural proselytes of the gate)

(religion, historical) A convert who was not compelled to submit to the regulations of the Mosaic law.


coredeem

en-verb

coredeem (third-person singular simple present coredeems, present participle coredeeming, simple past and past participle coredeemed)

coredeems (present singular third-person)
coredeeming (participle present)
coredeemed (participle past)
coredeemed (past)


sungod

The Vernal Equinox has all over the ancient world, and from the earliest times, been a period of rejoicing and of festivals in honor of the Sungod.

1920, Edward Carpenter, Pagan and Christian Creeds: Their Origin and Meaning, page 36:

(religion) A personification of the sun worshipped as a god.


arch-heresy

en-noun

arch-heresy (countable and uncountable, plural arch-heresies)


arch-heretical

en-adj

arch-heretical (comparative more arch-heretical, superlative most arch-heretical)

more arch-heretical (comparative)
most arch-heretical (superlative)

(religion) Highly heretical; being or relating to arch-heresy.


zeroism

Zeroism is distinct from nihilism. It is a true central philosophy because it is neither Absolutism nor nihilism.

1964, Ramchandra Narayan Dandekar, Summaries of papers; supplement, page 190:

The conception of Emptiness in Taoist Mysticism of China was influenced by the conception of Vedic representation of Sanya (zero) and Buddhist conception of Sinyāta (zeroism) of India.

1984, Prācī-jyoti: Digest of Indological Studies - Volumes 16-17, page 244:

Gandhi set a high ideal, which actually does not attract much interest in The whole idea of "zeroism"--"to be the last in the peace research community.

1986, International peace research newsletter - Volumes 24-27, page 10:

(Buddhism) A belief that the physical world is illusion.


double procession

(theology) The emanation of the Holy Spirit from both Father and Son.


single procession

(theology) The emanation of the Holy Spirit from the Father alone, not the Son.


covenantalism

(theology) An interpretive framework for the Bible, viewing the history (and future) of God's dealings with humankind through the lens of the various covenants described in the Scriptures.


Aion

From Ancient Greek Αἰών (Aiṓn, “Greek god or personification, Gnostic spirit”).

bor

(Gnosticism) Alternative spelling of aeon


dyothelism

From that day, dyothelism became the official doctrine of the Orthodox Church, both in the East and in the West; and in the eighth century it found a most subtle expounder in John of Damascus.

1891, Philip Schaff, Samuel Macauley Jackson, David Schley Schaff, A Religious Encyclopaedia:

Two years later Anastasius II reinstituted dyothelism, and the same bishops who had two years before vetoed dyothelism now changed their mind, and adopted it as the only true exposition of faith !

1894, John McClintock, James Strong, Cyclopaedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature:

Finally, the concept of divine adoption becomes a controlling feature of the theology of deification in Maximus, due to his concern to maintain dyothelism in christology, as well as in ascetic anthropology.

2002, Nicholas V. Sakharov, I Love, Therefore I Am: The Theological Legacy of Archimandrite Sophrony, →ISBN:

(Christianity, theology) The doctrine of two wills (human and divine) in Christ.


three fires

(Buddhism) Three Poisons; three primary causes of unskillful action that lead to the creation of "negative" karma


fish-hook theory

(Christianity, theology, informal) The Christus Victor theory of atonement.


Triple Gem

Calque of Pali tisaraṇaṃ, Sanskrit त्रिशरण (triśaraṇa).

(Buddhism) The three main elements of Buddhism, i.e., Buddha, his teachings, and his clergy


Five Precepts

Calque of Pali pañcasīla, Sanskrit पञ्चशील (pañcaśīla).


Four Noble Truths

the Four Noble Truths (canonical plural)

Calque of Sanskrit चत्वारि आर्यसत्यानि (catvāri āryasatyāni).

calque

चत्वारि आर्यसत्यानि

noble eightfold path
noble eightfold path

(Buddhism) Four central Buddhist teachings: (i) that suffering is an innate characteristic of existence with each rebirth; (ii) that it is caused by cravings or desires; (iii) that it can be ended by eliminating the cravings or desires; and (iv) that the noble eightfold path is the way to achieve this.


five aggregates

(Buddhism) five skandhas (aggregates) of being


bhavacakra

Borrowed from Sanskrit भवचक्र (bhavacakra).

(Buddhism) symbolic representation of saṃsāra (or cyclic existence)


Hariti

(Buddhism) goddess and yakshini in certain Buddhist traditions


Eight Legions

(Buddhism) group of eight Buddhist deities protecting the Dharma


churchish

en-adj

churchish (comparative more churchish, superlative most churchish)

more churchish (comparative)
most churchish (superlative)

/ˈt͡ʃɚt͡ʃɪʃ/

Simplistically put, churchish British national revivals compare to semi-churchish Australian revivals, to semi-churchish regional Canadian revivals, and un-churchish American national revivals.

1997 February 17, Mark Hutchinson, “‘Up from Downunder’: An Australian View of Canadian Evangelicanism”, in Aspects of the Canadian Evangelical Experience, McGill-Queen's Press, →ISBN, page 24:

In previous centuries, both the sectish and churchish styles of evangelicalism had been evident, but in different movements (like the Salvation Army versus evangelical Anglicans) or in the same movement at different times (like Methodism in the eighteenth century versus Methodism in the late nineteenth).

1998, John Gordon Stackhouse, Canadian Evangelicalism in the Twentieth Century: An Introduction to Its Character, Regent College Publishing, →ISBN, page 197:

(comparative religion) Participating in the world at large; ecumenical, mainstream, non-insular.


Mahavamsa

(Buddhism) Epic poem recounting the history of ancient Ceylon.


Eight Precepts

Calque of Pali aṭṭha-sīla, aṭṭhaṅga-sīla or Calque of Sanskrit अष्टा-सील (aṣṭā-sīla), अष्टाण्ग-शील (aṣṭāṇga-śīla).

calque

(Buddhism) Eight rules that are observed by lay Buddhists on observance days and festivals: to abstain from (i) taking life, (ii) taking what is not given, (iii) unchastity, (iv) false speech, (v) intoxicants which cause a careless frame of mind, (vi) taking food at the wrong time, (vii) dancing, music, visiting shows, flowers, make-up, the wearing of ornaments and decorations, and (viii) a tall, high sleeping place.


rising seat

(religion) A seat in a Quaker meeting, occupied by ministers and elders.


Post-Nicene

(religion) After the First Council of Nicaea in 325 AD.


Sakra

Transliteration of Sanskrit शक्र (śakra).

translit

(Buddhism) The Buddhist equivalent of Indra, ruler of the Trāyastriṃśa heaven in Buddhist cosmology.


Upali

Transliteration of Sanskrit उपालि (upāli) or Pali upāli.

(Buddhism) One of Ten Principal Disciples of Gautama Buddha.


Suddhodana

Transliteration of Sanskrit शुद्धोदन (śuddhodana) or Pali Suddhōdana.

(Buddhism) The father of Gautama Buddha.


Yasodhara

Transliteration of Sanskrit यशोधरा (yaśodharā) or Pali Yasodharā.

(Buddhism) The former wife of Gautama Buddha.


Rahula

Transliteration of Sanskrit राहुल (rāhula) or Pali Rāhula.


Mahapajapati Gotami

Transliteration of Pali Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī, from Sanskrit महाप्रजापती गौतमी (mahāprajāpatī gautamī).

cog

महाप्रजापती गौतमी

(Buddhism) The stepmother and maternal aunt of Gautama Buddha.


Sariputta

Transliteration of Pali Sāriputta, from Sanskrit शारिपुत्र (śāriputra).


Anuruddha

Transliteration of Sanskrit अनुरुद्धा (anuruddhā) or Pali Anuruddhā.


Maudgalyayana

Transliteration of Sanskrit मौद्गल्यायन (maudgalyāyana).


Devadatta

Transliteration of Sanskrit देवदत्त (devadatta) or Pali Devadatta.

(Buddhism) The cousin and former disciple of Gautama Buddha.


Mahanipata Jataka

Transliteration of Pali mahānipāta jātaka.

(Buddhism) The ten great birth stories (or jatakas) of the Buddha.


Girimekhala

(Buddhism) The name of an elephant in Buddhist mythology.


Mucalinda

(Buddhism) A naga in Buddhist mythology.


dharmapala

(Buddhism) Buddhist deity; protector of Buddhism


Apalala

Transliteration of Sanskrit अपलाल (apalāla) or Pali Apalāla.

(Buddhism) The name of a water-dwelling naga in Buddhist mythology.


kumbhanda

Transliteration of Sanskrit कुम्भाण्ड (kumbhāṇḍa) or Pali kumbhaṇḍa.

(Buddhism) A dwarfish spirit in Buddhist mythology.


New Light

An Antiburgher meeting house was erected at Blacks-well in 1761, and a New Light Burgher house, near the church, towards the end of last century.

1835, The New Statistical Account of Scotland, page 289:

[The Public Universal Friend] was born into a Quaker family in Rhode Island but was disowned in 1776 for joining the New Light Baptists.

1995, Hugh Barbour, Christopher Densmore, Elizabeth H. Moger, Nancy C. Sorel, Alson D. Van Wagner, Arthur J. Worrall, Quaker Crosscurrents: Three Hundred Years of Friends in the New York Yearly Meetings, Syracuse University Press, →ISBN, page 44:

In Virginia, Samuel Davies, a New Light Presbyterian, and his followers had the greatest impact. The differences between New Lights and orthodox Anglicans centered mainly on two issues.

2006, Rosemary Skinner Keller, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Marie Cantlon, Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America, Indiana University Press, →ISBN, page 239:

Because many of the New Light Baptist churches were not recognized by the Old Light Baptists, these endorsements were often impossible to obtain.

2012, Michael I. Meyerson, Endowed by Our Creator: The Birth of Religious Freedom in America, Yale University Press, →ISBN:

(religion) A relatively progressive or less traditional religious movement, especially (historical) the party within the 18th-century Scottish Secession Church which adopted Voluntary views of the relations of church and state; or the Socinianizing party in the Church of Scotland in the 18th century.


Ten Perfections

(Buddhism) ten principal virtues or perfections (paramita) recognized in Buddhist scholarship


Manimekhala

Transliteration of Sanskrit मणिमेखल (maṇimekhala) or Pali Maņīmekhalā.

(Buddhism, Hinduism) The goddess in Hindu-Buddhist mythology; guardian of the seas.


parinirvana

en-noun

parinirvana (countable and uncountable, plural parinirvanas)

Borrowed from Sanskrit परिनिर्वाण (parinirvāṇa).

(Buddhism) The final release from rebirth.


golden bull

The term was originally coined for the golden seal (bulla aurea) attached to the decree, but came to be applied to the entire decree.

(historical, religion) A decree issued by Byzantine emperors and later by monarchs in Europe during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, most notably by the Holy Roman Emperors.


chrysobull

In this respect the 1082 chrysobull marks a turning point not only in Byzantino-Venetian relations but also in the imperial state machinery.

2013, Judith Herrin, “The Collapse of the Byzantine Empire in the Twelfth Century: A Study of a Medieval Economy”, in Margins and Metropolis: Authority Across the Byzantine Empire, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, page 115:

Chrysobulls themselves were adorned with the imperial effigy in the early Palaiologan period. Three extant illuminated chrysobulls are associated with Andronikos II (r. 1282–1328), including one granting and extending the privileges of the Metropolitan of Monembasia in 1301.

2020, A Companion to Byzantine Epistolography, page 376:


select meeting

(religion) A Quaker meeting of ministers and elders.


indifferentistic

en-adj

indifferentistic (comparative more indifferentistic, superlative most indifferentistic)

more indifferentistic (comparative)
most indifferentistic (superlative)

(philosophy, religion) Expressing or relating to indifferentism.


grand iftar

(Islam) A street party to celebrate the end of Ramadan.


Latrocinium

From Latin latrocinium (“act of brigandage; an illegitimate church council”). Doublet of larceny.

bor

But the whole circumstances of the Latrocinium, where everything was done to degrade Constantinople by Dioscurus, render it impossible to attach any weight to a statement of this kind ...

1912, Edward Denny, Papalism: A treatise on the claims of the papacy as set forth in the encyclical Satis Cognitum, page 638:

The business of the Council of Chalcedon was to reverse the proceedings of the Latrocinium ...

1936, Cuthbert Turner, “The Organization of the Church”, in The Cambridge Medieval History, Vol. I: The Christian Roman Empire and the Foundation of the Teutonic Kingdoms, page 175:

This was all the more significant because the victors at the Latrocinium were surprisingly slow in following up their advantage in Constantinople.

1979, Timothy E. Gregory, Vox Populi: Popular Opinion and Violence in the Religious Controversies of the Fifth Century A.D., page 151:

(historical, ecclesiastical, derogatory) The Second Council of Ephesus.


ex opere operato

(theology) From the work worked; referring to sacraments deriving their power from Christ's work rather than the role of humans, and thus not requiring faith to be effective.


devaloka

Transliteration of Sanskrit देवलोक (devaloka).

translit

(Hinduism, Buddhism) In Indian religions, a plane of existence where gods and devas exist.


by Allah

From Arabic الله (allāh, “the deity, God”). Compare by God.

The eldest, however, having hent in hand a bannock of bread, exclaimed, “By Allah, verily this cake was baked by a woman in her ailment!”

1885, Richard F. Burton, “Story of the Sultan of Al-Yamman and his three sons”, in A Plain and Literal Translation of the Arabian Nights Entertainments, volume III, page 357:

O community of Muhammad! By Allah, if you knew what I knew, you would laugh little and weep much.

1989, Malik ibn Anas, translated by Aisha Abdurrahman Bewley, Al-Muwatta of Imam Malik ibn Anas:

(Islam) An oath to emphasize sincerity or truthfulness, by God


by Allah

“Oh!” said the King, “by Allah! but vengeance is an inspiriting pleasure!”

1878, Mariana Monteiro, Allah-Akbar. God is Great, page 101:

(Islam) An exclamation of surprise or excitement, oh my God! good Lord!


water of life

Chiefly a calque of Medieval Latin aqua vītae directly and via Scottish Gaelic uisge-beatha and Irish uisce beatha. Compare akvavit, aquavit, aqua vitae, eau de vie, whisky, and whiskey from the same sources.

(religion, figurative) Spiritual refreshment.


separationism

(theology) The belief that the human Jesus Christ was a separate being from the divine Christ.


orbuculum

Modern coinage from Latin orbis; not attested in classical Latin.


Hajjee

On his way thither he met an ancient Hajjee, who, saluting Hussun, surveyed him carefully, and then desired him to sit down beside him upon a mat which, he spread upon the ground.

1828, Asiatic Journal and Monthly Miscellany, page 298:

The Hajjee performs the prescribed rites, following the order of the farewell pilgrimage in prayers and physical movement to the various sites as performed by the Prophet Mohammed in 632 AD.

1976, Michael Huxley, The Geographical Magazine:

During the period between 1992 and 1996, five to thirty one per thousand of all deaths among Hajjees were due to diabetic coma.
This is especially true during the climax period, when all Hajjees move at the same time between holy places over five days. During these five days, Hajjees usually walk many kilometres daily, do not sleep well, and do not get proper diet or nutrition.

(Islam) One who participates in the Hajj.


baraminologically

en-adv

baraminologically (comparative more baraminologically, superlative most baraminologically)

more baraminologically (comparative)
most baraminologically (superlative)

(creationism) In a baraminological manner.


paleobaramin

(rare, creationism) A group of older, now deceased members of a holobaramin.


neobaramin

(rare, creationism) A group of the currently alive members of a baramin.


archaebaramin

(creationism) A group of the originally created members of a baramin.


abrupt appearance theory

the abrupt appearance theory (canonical)

(creationism) A neo-creationist hypothesis which claims that the first life and the universe appeared abruptly, and that plants and animals appeared abruptly in complex form.

punctuated equilibrium

scientific hypothesis with a degree of analogy but entirely consistent with evolution


crystal magick

(Wicca) The ceremonial use of crystals for specific intentions and healing energies


candle magick

(Wicca) The ceremonial use of candles for specific intentions and involving a complex color correspondence system.


cone of power

(Wicca) Mental energy amassed individually or collectively for a magickal purpose.


hagstone

(Wicca) A ceremonial stone with a hole drilled into used to ward off evil or see into other worlds.


AiG

(creationism) Initialism of Answers in Genesis.


watch of the night

en-noun

watch of the night (plural watches of the night)

Loan translation of Latin vigilia noctis.

(timekeeping, historical, biblical) In Antiquity, one of four divisions of the night (each equivalent to three hours).


Mahakala

(Buddhism, Hinduism, Sikhism) A deity in Buddhism, Hinduism, and Sikhism, sometimes considered a manifestation of Shiva.


Dyophysitic

(theology) Of or relating to the Dyophysites.


Dyophysitism

(theology) The doctrine of the Dyophysites.


Kisshōten

(Japanese mythology, Shinto) The Japanese version of the Hindu goddess Lakshmi: goddess of happiness, charm and beauty, of fertility, nature, and of human creativity, and the patronesses of joy, amusement and festivities.


dakhma

tower of silence
tower of silence#English

(Zoroastrianism) Synonym of tower of silence (“a low, cylindrical, open-topped tower where Zoroastrians place the bodies of deceased people to disintegrate from exposure and consumption by carrion birds such as vultures, the remaining bones being kept in an ossuary”)


Muzawwara

Borrowed from Arabic مُزَوَّرَة (muzawwara).

(Islam) The city of Baghdad, the capital city of Iraq.


Zawra'

(Islam) the cities of Tehran (capital of Iran) and Ray (near Tehran).


arahantship

according to the scriptures arahantship is possible as long as the Dhamma exists. He went on to say, however, that while arahantship may be theoretically or doctrinally possible, it is realistically impossible because of the absence today of both suitable teachers and people with pure, clear minds.

1992, George D. Bond, The Buddhist Revival in Sri Lanka: Religious Tradition, Reinterpretation and Response, Motilal Banarsidass Publ., →ISBN, page 140:

First the fruit of arahantship arises, then the knowledge of destruction.

2005, The Connected Discourses of the Buddha: A New Translation of the Samyutta Nikaya, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN, page 746:

He attempts in his sermons to help his audience bring together several components of practice: faith (P. saddhā) in the Buddha as the exemplary arahant, understanding the special place of the Paṭṭhāna in the quest for arahantship,

2011, Jason A. Carbine, Sons of the Buddha: Continuities and Ruptures in a Burmese Monastic Tradition, Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 156:


Asherah

Break down their altars, smash their sacred stones and cut down their Asherah poles.

1973, Old Testament (New International Version), Exodus 34:13

(religion) A mother goddess in ancient Semitic religion, consort of the supreme god El.


receptionism

(theology) The Anglican doctrine that, during the Eucharist, the bread and wine remain unchanged after consecration, but that communicants receive the body and blood of Christ by faith when they consume the bread and wine.


Great Earth Mother

Great Earth Mother (plural Great Earth Mothers)

In the East women want to identify themselves with their biological function. And that makes them all woman. Compartmentalisation is our big crime in the West. Normah should have been the Great Earth Mother.

1958, Anthony Burgess, The Enemy in the Blanket (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 397:

(paganism, archaeology) Alternative form of Earth Mother


Qurayshite

A member of the Qurayshite Umayyad family wanted to claim the poet al-Farazdaq's bride al-Nawār, though the poet thought he could prove that he had a clear claim because he had paid the bride price.

1971, Ignaz Goldziher, edited by S. M. Stern, Muslim Studies, Transaction Publishers, →ISBN, page 77:

If anyone comes to Muhammad from the Qurayshite camp without the permission of his superiors, he [Muhammad] will send him back; however, if any of those who are with Muhammad comes to the Qurayshite camp, they [the Qurayshites] will not send him back.

2011, Taha Jabir Alalwani, Apostasy in Islam: A Historical and Scriptural Analysis, International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT), →ISBN, pages 62–63:

He sought to understand the social contexts in which Qurayshite descent was a reasonable condition and those in which it was not.

2014, Syed Farid Alatas, Applying Ibn Khaldūn: The Recovery of a Lost Tradition in Sociology, Routledge, →ISBN, page 72:

(Islam) part of, or descended from, the Quraysh tribe.


Qurayshite

The fortuitous circumstances that the first man to be elected to this high office was a Qurayshite became, for all except the heterodox, a principle — the caliph had to be a member of the Prophet's tribe, and the Prophet was a Qurayshite.

1995, Ann Katherine Swynford Lambton, Bernard Lewis, The Cambridge History of Islam: The Indian sub-continent, South-East Asia, Africa and the Muslim west, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 57:

At this point, having twice delivered up Abū Basīr to the Qurayshites, Muḥammad felt that he had fulfilled his obligation under the treaty.

2002, Maxime Rodinson, Muhammad: Prophet of Islam, Tauris Parke Paperbacks, →ISBN, page 257:

The Banu-Khuzaa, who had entered into an alliance with Muhammad at Mecca, were for a long time at bloody enmity with the neighboring tribe of Banu-Bakr, who were in alliance with the Qurayshites.

2007, Vladimir Sergeyevich Solovyov, translated by Vladimir Wozniuk, Enemies from the East?: V. S. Soloviev on Paganism, Asian Civilizations, and Islam, Northwestern University Press, →ISBN, page 204:


go in unto

en-verb

go in unto (third-person singular simple present goes in unto, present participle going in unto, simple past went in unto, past participle gone in unto)

goes in unto (present singular third-person)
going in unto (participle present)
went in unto (past)
gone in unto (participle past)

And Judah said unto Onan, Go in unto thy brother's wife, and marry her, and raise up seed to thy brother.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 38:8:

If any man take a wife, and go in unto her, and hate her, And give occasions of speech against her, and bring up an evil name upon her […]

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Deuteronomy 22:13–17:

(obsolete, biblical) Of a man: to have sexual intercourse with (a woman).


dayouth

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic دَيُّوث (dayyūṯ).

unadapted borrowing

(rare, chiefly Islam, non-native speakers' English) A man who is apathetic or permissive with regard to unchaste behaviour by his wife or female relatives.


act of faith

(religion) An action that demonstrates one's religious faith.


emaho

(Tibetan Buddhism) exclamation of wonder, joy and amazement