tabernacle

From Middle English tabernacle (14th century), from Old French tabernacle, from Latin tabernāculum (“tent, booth, shed”), the diminutive of taberna (“hut, shed”).

der

[…]ſo Moſes finiſhed the worke. Then a cloud couered the Tent of the Congregation, and the glory of the Lord filled the Tabernacle. And Moſes was not able to enter into the Tent of the Congregation, becauſe the cloud abode thereon, and the glory of the Lord filled the Tabernacle. And when the cloud was taken vp from ouer the Tabernacle, the children of Iſrael went onward in all their iourneys: But if the cloud were not taken vp, then they iourneyed not, till the day that it was taken vp. For the cloud of the Lord was vpon the Tabernacle by day, and fire was on it by night, in the ſight of all the houſe of Iſrael, throughout all their iourneys.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 40:33–38, column 2:

(biblical) The portable tent used before the construction of the temple, where the shekinah (presence of God) was believed to dwell.

tabernakel

telttamaja (1992 translation of the Bible)


lady

⇒ Afrikaans: haar ladyskap

→ Arabic: لِيدِي (līdī)

Egyptian Arabic: ليدي (lēdī)

→ Belarusian: лэ́дзі (lédzi)

→ Bulgarian: ле́йди (léjdi)

→ French: lady

→ German: Lady

→ Greek: λαίδη (laídi), λέδη (lédi)

→ Italian: lady

→ Japanese: レディ (redi), レディー (redī)

→ Korean: 레이디 (reidi)

→ Latvian: lēdija

→ Macedonian: леди (ledi)

→ Polish: lady

→ Romanian: lady

→ Russian: ле́ди (lédi)

→ Spanish: lady

→ Swedish: lady

→ Tongan: leitī

→ Ukrainian: ле́ді (lédi)

→ Volapük: läd

From Middle English lady, laddy, lafdi, lavedi, from Old English hlǣfdīġe (“mistress of a household, wife of a lord, lady”, literally “bread-kneader”), from hlāf (“bread, loaf”) + dīġe (“kneader”), related to Old English dǣġe (“maker of dough”) (whence dey (“dairymaid”)). Compare also lord. More at loaf, dairy, dough. Unrelated to lad.


Wahhabite

(Islam) A follower of Wahhabism, a fundamentalist movement of Islam.


apatheist

(religion) A person who does not care about the existence of a God or gods; a supporter of apatheism.


admission

en-noun

admission (countable and uncountable, plural admissions)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-admission.wav

Borrowed from Latin admissio, admissionis; compare French admission. See admit.

(British, ecclesiastical law) Declaration of the bishop that he approves of the presentee as a fit person to serve the cure of the church to which he is presented.


sacrifice

sacrifice (countable and uncountable, plural sacrifices)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *seh₂k-
Proto-Italic *sakros
Latin sacer
Latin sacrum
Proto-Italic *fakjō
Latin facio
Proto-Indo-European *-yōs
Proto-Italic *-jōs
Old Latin -ios
Latin -ius
Latin -ium
Latin sacrificiumlbor.
Old French sacrifisebor.
Middle English sacrifice
English sacrifice
From Middle English sacrifice (“act of offering a life or object to a deity; the life or object so offered; (Christianity) act of consecrating the elements in the mass”), from Anglo-Norman sacrefiz, and Old French sacrifice, sacrifise (modern French sacrifice), from Latin sacrificium (“something offered to a deity, sacrifice”), from sacrum (“sacrifice, sacrificial rite”) + faciō (“to do, to make”) + -ium (suffix forming abstract nouns). The noun sacrum is the nominalized neuter of the adjective sacer (“devoted to a deity for sacrifice; holy, sacred”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂k- (“ceremony, ritual; to make sacred”), and the verb faciō is ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to do; to place, put”). Related Latin formations include sacrificus (“of or pertaining to sacrifice, sacrificial”) and sacrificō (“to make a sacrifice”).
cognates
* Italian sagrifizio
* Occitan sacrifici
* Portuguese sacrificio
* Spanish sacrificio

der

They firſt vvaſh the dead body, paint him, clothe him, and ſo conueigh him to his Dormitorie, vvhich is ſpacious and neat, vvherein they bury his Armolets, Bracelets, Shackles and ſuch Treaſure, concluding their Ceremonies vvith Mimmicke geſtures and eiaculations: vvhich, vvith the Sacrifice of a Goat, vpon his Graue, puts a period to their Burials.

1634, T[homas] H[erbert], “[Angola]”, in A Relation of Some Yeares Trauaile, Begunne Anno 1626. into Afrique and the Greater Asia, […], London: […] William Stansby, and Jacob Bloome, →OCLC, pages 9–10:

[T]he Beaſts they offered in ſacrifice, and the Gifts they offered, and their actions in VVorſhipping, vvere full of ſubmiſſion, and commemorative of benefits received, vvas according to reaſon, as proceeding from an intention to honour him [God].

1651, Thomas Hobbes, “Of the Kingdome of God by Nature”, in Leviathan, or The Matter, Forme, & Power of a Common-wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civill, London: […] [William Wilson] for Andrew Crooke, […], →OCLC, 2nd part (Of Common-wealth), page 192:

[…] Moloch, horrid King beſmear'd with blood / Of human ſacrifice, and parents tears, / Though for the noyſe of Drums and Timbrels loud / Their childrens cries unheard, that paſt through fire / To his grim Idol.

1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC, signature [B3], recto, lines 392–396:

This day the Philiſtines a popular Feaſt / Here celebrate in Gaza; and proclaim / Great Pomp, and Sacrifice, and Praiſes loud / To Dagon, as their God vvho hath deliver'd / Thee Samſon bound and blind into thir hands, […]

1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […].”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 32, lines 435–439:

Originally, the killing (and often burning) of a human being or an animal as an offering to a deity; later, also the offering of an object to a deity.

ахвярапрынашэ́нне

killing (and often burning) of a human being or an animal as an offering to a deity; offering of an object to a deity

O th'inchaunting vvords of that baſe ſlaue, / Made him to thinke Epeus pine-tree Horſe [i.e., the Trojan Horse] / A ſacrifize t'appeaſe Mineruas vvrath: […]

1594, Christopher Marlowe, Thomas Nash[e], The Tragedie of Dido Queene of Carthage: […], London: […] Widdowe Orwin, for Thomas Woodcocke, […], →OCLC, Act II, signature [B4], verso:

Make of your Prayers one ſvveet Sacrifice, / And lift my Soule to Heauen.

1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], page 212, column 2:

Does the mute Sacrifice upbraid the Prieſt? / He knovvs him not his Executioner.

1677 (first performance), John Dryden, All for Love: Or, The World Well Lost. A Tragedy, […], [London]: […] Tho[mas] Newcomb, for Henry Herringman, […], published 1678, →OCLC, Act I, page 6:

A human being or an animal, or a physical object or immaterial thing (see sense 1.3), offered to a deity.

تَضْحِيَة

human being or an animal, or a physical object or immaterial thing, offered to a deity

Let vs therfore by him [Jesus] offre allwayes vnto God the ſacrifice of prayſe: that is to ſaye, the frute of thoſe lippes which confeſſe his name.

1535 October 14 (Gregorian calendar), Myles Coverdale, transl., Biblia: The Byble, […] (Coverdale Bible), [Cologne or Marburg]: [Eucharius Cervicornus and Johannes Soter?], →OCLC, Hebrues xiij:[15], folio ciiij, recto, column 2:

[W]e thy humble ſeruauntes […] entierely deſiryng thy fatherly goodnes, mercifully to accepte this our Sacrifice of praiſe and thankes geuing: […]

1549 March 7, Thomas Cranmer [et al.], compilers, “The Supper of the Lorde, and the Holy Communion, Commonly Called the Masse”, in The Booke of the Common Prayer and Administration of the Sacramentes, […], London: […] Edowardi Whitchurche […], →OCLC, folio cxxviii, verso:

And they ſhall come […] bringing ſacrifices of praiſe vnto the houſe of the Lord.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Jeremiah 17:26, column 2:

(figurative) The offering of devotion, penitence, prayer, thanksgiving, etc., to a deity.

Jesus Christ's voluntary offering of himself to God the Father to be crucified as atonement for the sins of humankind.

uhri

Jesus Christ’s voluntary offering of himself to God the Father to be crucified as atonement for the sins of humankind

The pretensions of the holy see, the authority of tradition, purgatory, transubstantiation, the sacrifice of the mass, […] were copiously discussed.

1849, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter VI, in The History of England from the Accession of James II, volume II, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, pages 109–110:

(by extension) The rite of Holy Communion or the Mass, regarded as (Protestantism) an offering of thanksgiving to God for Christ's crucifixion, or (Roman Catholicism) a perpetual re-enactment of Christ's sacrificial offering.


sacrifice

en-verb

sacrifice (third-person singular simple present sacrifices, present participle sacrificing, simple past and past participle sacrificed)

sacrifices (present singular third-person)
sacrificing (participle present)
sacrificed (participle past)
sacrificed (past)
sacrifice (infinitive)

From Middle English sacrificen (“to offer a sacrifice to a deity”), from sacrifice (see etymology 1) + -en (suffix forming infinitives of verbs).

flijoj

(transitive) to offer (a human being or an animal, or an object) to a deity; (transitive) to offer a human being or an animal, or an object, to a deity

And there ſhall bee no leauened bread ſeene with thee in all thy coaſts ſeuen dayes, neither ſhall there any thing of the fleſh, which thou ſacrificedſt the firſt day at Euen, remaine all night, vntill the morning.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Deuteronomy 16:4, column 2:

[B]oth the muſes and the graces are his hard Miſtriſſes, though he daily Invocate them, though he ſacrifize Hecatombs, they ſtil look a ſquint, […]

a. 1632 (date written), John Donne, “[Characters.] The True Character of a Dunce.”, in Paradoxes, Problemes, Essayes, Characters, […], London: […] T. N. for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1652, →OCLC, page 68:

Their Funerals are theſe, they bring the dead corps neere to their Churches, vvhere they ſacrifice him to aſhes, in coſtly perfumes, in Aromatique Gummes and Spices.

1634, T[homas] H[erbert], “A Description of the Bannyans in India”, in A Relation of Some Yeares Trauaile, Begunne Anno 1626. into Afrique and the Greater Asia, […], London: […] William Stansby, and Jacob Bloome, →OCLC, page 39:

[T]he Scripture vvith indignation, oft times makes mention of humane ſacrifice among the Gentiles, vvhoſe oblations ſcarce made ſcruple of any Animall, ſacrificing not onely man, but Horſes, Lyons, Ægles; […]

1646, Thomas Browne, “Of the Picture of Jephtha Sacrificing His Daughter”, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], London: […] T[homas] H[arper] for Edward Dod, […], →OCLC, 5th book, page 255:

[I]f they ſacrifice their Enemies it is not neceſſary they ſhould eat them too. After all, I vvill not be peremptory in the Negative, but I ſpeak as to the compaſs of my ovvn knovvledge, and knovv ſome of theſe Cannibal ſtories to be falſe, and many of them have been diſproved ſince I firſt vvent to the VVeſt Indies.

1697, William Dampier, chapter XVII, in A New Voyage Round the World. […], London: […] James Knapton, […], →OCLC, page 485:

(religion) To offer (a human being or an animal, or an object) to a deity.

All things come alike to all: there is one euent to the righteous and to the wicked, to the good and to the cleane, and to the vncleane; to him that ſacrificeth, and to him that ſacrificeth not: as is the good, ſo is the ſinner, and hee that ſweareth, as he that feareth an oath.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ecclesiastes 9:2, column 1:

Like a coy maiden, eaſe, vvhen courted moſt, / Fartheſt retires—an idol, at vvhoſe ſhrine / VVho oft'neſt ſacrifice are favor'd leaſt.

1785, William Cowper, “Book I. The Sofa.”, in The Task, a Poem, […], London: […] J[oseph] Johnson; […], →OCLC, page 22:

[T]he sailors tremblingly / Call on the Twins of Jove with prayer and vow, / Gathered in fear upon the lofty prow, / And sacrifice with snow-white lambs, […]

1818 (date written), Percy Bysshe Shelley, “To Castor and Pollux”, in [Mary] Shelley, editor, The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley. […], new edition, London: Edward Moxon […], published 1840, →OCLC, page 338, column 1:

If, therefore, because of money thou praisest God, not voluntarily thou sacrificest to God, but out of necessity thou sacrificest: because, beside Him, something else has thy love.

1849, S[aint] Augustine, Bishop of Hippo, “Psalm LIV”, in T. Scratton, transl., Expositions on the Book of Psalms, […] (A Library of Fathers of the Holy Catholic Church anterior to the Division of the East and West; XXX), volumes III (Psalm LIII.–LXXV.), Oxford, Oxfordshire: John Henry Parker; London: F[rancis] and J[ohn] Rivington, →OCLC, paragraph 10, page 23:

(religion) To offer a human being or an animal, or an object, to a deity.


Ezra

en-proper noun

Ezra (countable and uncountable, plural Ezras)

From the Biblical Hebrew עֶזְרָא (ʿezrā). Doublet of Esdras.

以士拉书

Ī-sê̤ṳ-lá-cṳ̆

(biblical) The fifteenth book of the Old Testament and a book of the Hebrew Tanakh.

(biblical) A Jewish high priest from the fifth century BC.


monasticism

en-noun

monasticism (countable and uncountable, plural monasticisms)

From monastic (“relating to monks”) + -ism.

(religion) The practice of renouncing all worldly pursuits in order to fully devote one's life to spiritual work.


Aaron

/or Celtic languages; it is pronounced /

From Latin Aaron, from Ancient Greek Ἀαρών (Aarṓn), from Hebrew אַהֲרֹן (ʾAhărōn), of unknown meaning, possibly meaning “bearer of martyrs”, or perhaps also, or instead, related to the Ancient Egyptian ꜥḥꜣ rw (“warrior lion”), though it has been suggested to also mean “elevated”, “exalted” or “high mountain”. Doublet of Harun.

And the anger of the Lord was kindled against Moses, and hee said, Is not Aaron the Leuite thy brother? I know that he can speake well.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 4:14:

(biblical) The elder brother of Moses in the Book of the Exodus, and in the Quran.


Holy Spirit

A calque of Arabic رُوح الْقُدُس (rūḥ al-qudus, “Spirit of Holiness”), a calque of the Ancient Greek and Hebrew senses above.

cal

رُوح الْقُدُس

(Islam) The spirit of God, especially in its inspiration of prophets and quickening of fetuses.


neighbour

From Middle English neyghebour, neighebor, neighbour, neihebur, from Old English nēahġebūr (“neighbour”), from Proto-Germanic *nēhwagabūrô (“neighbour”, literally “near-dweller”), equivalent to nigh (“near”) + bower (“farmer”). Cognate with Scots nichbour (“neighbour”), Saterland Frisian Noaber (“neighbour”), Dutch nabuur (“neighbour”), German Low German Naber (“neighbour”), German Nachbar (“neighbour”), Danish nabo (“neighbour”), Norwegian nabo (“neighbour”), Icelandic nábúi (“neighbour”), Finnish naapuri (“neighbour”), Estonian naaber (“neighbour”).
Eclipsed non-native Middle English prome (“neighbour”), borrowed from Old French proeme, proime, proisme (“neighbour”).

inh

1982, Bible (NKJV), Leviticus 19:18,
You shall not take vengeance, nor bear any grudge against the children of your people, but you shall love your neighbor as yourself: I am the Lord.


alternation

en-noun

alternation (countable and uncountable, plural alternations)

Latin alternatio; compare French alternation.
Morphologically alternate + -ion

There are Anthems to be found amongst them , where every syllable has its just length ; each part of a sentence its proper pause : where the words are not confused by perplexing alternations, or rendered tedious by unnecessary repetitions

1795, William Mason, Essays, Historical and Critical, on English Church Music:

(religion) The response of the congregation speaking alternately with the minister.


agony

agony (countable and uncountable, plural agonies)

14th century, via Old French and Latin from Ancient Greek ἀγωνία (agōnía, “emulation, competition, struggle”), from ἀγών (agṓn, “contest”). Specifically of the struggle that precedes death (mortal agony) from the 1540s.
The sense of "extreme pain" from c. 1600.

der

And being in an agonie, he prayed more earneſtly,[…].

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 22:44, column 1:

(biblical) The sufferings of Jesus Christ in the garden of Gethsemane.

tuska

Bible: sufferings of Jesus Christ in the garden of Gethsemane


actual

From Middle English actual, actuel (“active”), from Anglo-Norman actuel, actual, and its source Late Latin actuālis (“active, practical”), from Latin actus (“act, action, performance”), from agere (“to do; to act”) + -alis (“-al”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti, from the root *h₂eǵ-.

In this slumbry agitation, besides her walking, and other actuall performances, what (at any time) haue you heard her say?

c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:

Let your holy and pious intention be actual; that is […] by a special prayer or action, […] given to God.

1650, Jeremy Taylor, The Rule and Exercises of Holy Living:

Apparently, the holy Doctor was referring to actual, rather than original, sin; yet the basis of his argument for Mary's holiness, the divine maternity, would logically lead to the conclusion that she was free from original sin also.

1946, The American Ecclesiastical Review, volume 114:

(chiefly theology) relating to a person's acts or deeds; active, practical


Jesus

head

Jesus (plural (of male given name) Jesuses or Jesi)

/ˈd͡ʒiːˌzʌs/

From Middle English Jhesus, Iesus, from Latin Iēsūs, from Ancient Greek Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs), from Biblical Hebrew יֵשׁוּעַ (yēšū́aʿ), a contracted form of יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (yəhōšúaʿ, “Joshua”). The form יֵשׁוּעַ (yēšū́aʿ) is attested in some of the later books of the Hebrew Bible (Ezra–Nehemiah), and translated as Jeshua or Yeshua in some English editions (the former appearing in the King James Version). The Greek texts make no distinction between Jesus and Joshua, referring to them both as Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs). In the Wycliffe Bible (Middle English), the forms used are Jhesus and Jhesu.

Sister of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary

(historical, religion) One of a variety of persons or entities in western Manichaeism, of whom some correspond closely to the Christian conception of Jesus of Nazareth.


wisdom

en-noun

wisdom (countable and uncountable, plural wisdoms)

From Middle English wisdom, from Old English wīsdōm (“wisdom”), from Proto-Germanic *wīsadōmaz (“wisdom”), corresponding to wise + -dom or wise + doom (“judgement”). Cognate with Scots wisdom, wysdom (“wisdom”), West Frisian wiisdom (“wisdom”), Dutch wijsdom (“wisdom”), German Weistum (“legal sentence”), Danish/Norwegian/Swedish visdom (“wisdom”), Icelandic vísdómur (“wisdom”).

ᎠᎦᏙᎲᏍᏗ

ability to apply relevant knowledge in an insightful way

Wiſdom…is to a man an infinite Treaſure, for ſhe is the Breath of the Power of God, and a pure Influence that floweth from the Glory of the Almighty; ſhe is the Brightneſs of Eternal Light, and an undefiled Mirror of the Majeſty of God, and an Image of his Goodneſs; ſhe teacheth us Soberneſs and Prudence, Righteouſneſs and Strength; ſhe underſtands the Subtilty of words, and Solution of dark ſentences; ſhe foreknoweth Signs and Wonders, and what ſhall happen in time to come.

1652, Eugenius Philalethes, The Fame and Confeſſion of the Fraternity of…the Roſie Croſs, pages 1-2 of the preface:

(theology) The ability to know and apply spiritual truths.


ICR

Institute for Creation Research
w:Institute for Creation Research

(creationism) Initialism of Institute for Creation Research.


Maya

Transliteration of Sanskrit माया (māyā́) or Pali Māyā.

translit

(Buddhism) The mother of Gautama Buddha.


triclavianism

From tri- + Latin clavus (“nail”) + -ian + -ism, coined by George Stanley Faber in 1838.

(theology) The belief that three nails were used in the crucifixion of Jesus Christ.


anthropology

/ˌænθɹəˈpɒləd͡ʒi/

/ˌænθɹəˈpɑləd͡ʒi/

From New Latin anthropologia, from Ancient Greek ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos, “human, mankind”) + -λογία (-logía). By surface analysis, anthropo- + -logy.

der

(theology) The study of humanity in its relation to the divine, as in Christian anthropology.

bílaʼashdlaʼii dóó áłʼąą dineʼé naalkaah


soul

en-noun

soul (countable and uncountable, plural souls)

→ German: Soul

→ Esperanto: soulo

→ French: soul

→ Hungarian: soul

→ Italian: soul

→ Japanese: ソウル

→ Polish: soul

→ Portuguese: soul

→ Romanian: soul

→ Scots: sowel

→ Spanish: soul

From Middle English soule, sowle, saule, sawle, from Old English sāwol (“soul, life, spirit, being”), from Proto-West Germanic *saiwalu, from Proto-Germanic *saiwalō (“soul”), of uncertain ultimate origin (see there for further information). Cognate with Scots saul, sowel (“soul”), North Frisian siel, sial (“soul”), Saterland Frisian Seele (“soul”), West Frisian siel (“soul”), Dutch ziel (“soul”), German Seele (“soul”) Scandinavian homonyms seem to have been borrowed from Old Saxon *siala. Modern Danish sjæl, Swedish själ, Norwegian sjel, Icelandic sál, Finnish sielu may have come from Old English sāwol.

inh

1836, Hans Christian Andersen (translated into English by Mrs. H. B. Paull in 1872), The Little Mermaid
"Among the daughters of the air," answered one of them. "A mermaid has not an immortal soul, nor can she obtain one unless she wins the love of a human being. On the power of another hangs her eternal destiny. But the daughters of the air, although they do not possess an immortal soul, can, by their good deeds, procure one for themselves.

No matter how early I came down, I would find him on the veranda, smoking cigarettes, or[…]. And at last I began to realize in my harassed soul that all elusion was futile, and to take such holidays as I could get, when he was off with a girl, in a spirit of thankfulness.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, page 46:

Flowey: See that heart? That is your SOUL, the very culmination of your being!

2015 September 15, Toby Fox, Undertale, Linux, Microsoft Windows, OS X:

(religion, folklore) The spirit or essence of a person usually thought to consist of one's thoughts and personality, often believed to live on after the person's death.

аԥсы

the spirit or essence of a person that is often believed to live on after the person's death


niche

Unadapted borrowing from French niche, from Middle French niche, from Old French niche, from nicher (“to make a nest”) (modern French nicher), from Vulgar Latin *nīdicāre, from Latin nīdus (“nest”). Doublet of nidus and nide via Latin and nest via Proto-Indo-European; also related to nyas.

(Islam) An arrow woven into a prayer rug pointing in the direction of qibla.


appearance

en-noun

appearance (countable and uncountable, plural appearances)

Borrowed from Middle French apparence, from Latin apparentia, from appareo. Morphologically appear + -ance. Displaced native Old English hīew (the way something looks or seems) and ætīewednes (act of appearing or coming into view).

явяване

The coming into court of either of the parties

Catholicism teaches that the Eucharist, while remaining under the physical appearance of bread and wine, becomes really and truly the body and the blood of Christ.

(philosophy, theology) That which is not substance, essence, hypostasis; the outward reality as opposed to the underlying reality


resurrection

resurrection (countable and uncountable, plural resurrections)

/ɹɛzəˈɹɛkʃən/

/ɹɛzəˈɹɛkʃn̩/

From Anglo-Norman resurrectiun, from Old French resurrection (French: résurrection), from Late Latin resurrectionem (accusative of resurrectiō) from Latin resurgō (“I rise again”), from re- (“again”), + surgō (“I rise”). Displaced native Old English ǣrist.

But the rest of the dead lived not again until the thousand years were finished. This is the first resurrection.
Blessed and holy is he that hath part in the first resurrection: on such the second death hath no power, but they shall be priests of God and of Christ, and shall reign with him a thousand years.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 20:5–6:

(Christianity, Islam, Judaism) The general resurrection.


antediluvian

en-adj

antediluvian (comparative more antediluvian, superlative most antediluvian)

more antediluvian (comparative)
most antediluvian (superlative)

PIE word
 *dwís
From ante- (prefix meaning ‘prior to in time’) + Latin dīluvium (“a flood”) + -an (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives; and forming agent nouns), referring the story of Noah’s Ark, through which God rescues Noah, his family, and examples of all the world’s animals from the great flood, which is related in Genesis 6–9 of the Bible. Dīluvium is derived from dīluō (“to wash away”) (from dis- (prefix meaning ‘apart, asunder, in two’) + lavō (“to wash”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewh₃- (“to wash”))) + -ium (suffix forming abstract nouns). The English word is analysable as ante- + diluvian.
Sense 2 (“long extinct”) is from the fact that such animals and plants were originally believed to have perished in the biblical flood referred to above.

affix

[P]erhaps ſome perſons might outlive Methuſelah; the Text intending onely the maſculine line of Seth, conduceable unto the Genealogy of our Saviour, and the antediluvian Chronology.

1646, Thomas Browne, “Of Methuselah”, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], London: […] T[homas] H[arper] for Edward Dod, […], →OCLC, 7th book, pages 343–344:

For Noah, vvho had no doubt preach'd againſt the Vices of the Antediluvian VVorld, and againſt Drunkenneſs among the reſt, muſt certainly knovv the Uſe of the Vine, and the Abuſe of it too; hovv elſe did he come to plant it at all, and to preſs the Juice out for Drinking it at all?

1727, [Daniel Defoe], “Of what Shapes the Devil Assum’d in His First Appearances to the Magicians, and Others, in the First Ages of the World; and whether He is, or has been,, Allow’d to Assume a Human Shape, or No”, in A System of Magick; or, A History of the Black Art. […], London: […] J. Roberts […], →OCLC, page 95:

The great Egyptian age is but a remnant of the Atlantean culture / The antediluvian kings colonized the world / All the gods who play in the mythological dramas / In all legends from all lands were from fair Atlantis

1968 November, Donovan Leitch (lyrics and music), “Atlantis”, in Barabajagal, performed by Donovan, New York, N.Y.: Epic Records, →OCLC:

(biblical) Belonging or pertaining to, or existing in, the time prior to the great flood described in Genesis, or (by extension) to a great or destructive flood or deluge described in other mythologies.

անդրջրհեղեղյան

belonging or pertaining to, or existing in, the time prior to the great flood described in Genesis

անդրջրհեղեղյան

belonging or pertaining to, or existing in, the time prior to a great or destructive flood or deluge described in other mythologies


antediluvian

(biblical) A person who lived in the time prior to the great flood described in Genesis, especially one of the biblical patriarchs.


adiaphoristic

en-adj

adiaphoristic (comparative more adiaphoristic, superlative most adiaphoristic)

more adiaphoristic (comparative)
most adiaphoristic (superlative)


adiaphoron

/ˌædiˈæfəɹən/

Neuter of Ancient Greek ἀδιάφορος (adiáphoros, “indifferent”).

der

(theology) Something neither forbidden nor commanded by scripture.


appointment

[əˈpʰɔɪ̯nʔmɪnʔ]

[əˈpʰɔɪ̯̃ʔmɪnʔ]

From Middle English appoyntement, apoyntement, from Old French appointement, equivalent to appoint + -ment.

to submit to the divine appointments

According to the appointment of the priests.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ezra 6:9:

(religion) Decree; direction; established order or constitution.

ohje

decree; direction; established order or constitution


crescent

From Middle English cressaunt, from Anglo-Norman cressaunt and Old French creissant (“crescent of the moon”) (French croissant), from Latin crēscēns, present active participle of crēscō (“arise, thrive”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱreh₁- (“to grow”). See Old Armenian սերիմ (serim, “be born”) and սերեմ (serem, “bring forth”), Ancient Greek κόρη (kórē, “girl”) and κούρος (koúros, “boy”), Latin creāre (“produce, create, bring forth”) and Ceres (“goddess of agriculture”). Doublet of croissant.
The pronunciation with /z/ is a comparatively recent innovation due to the influence of words such as pheasant and present.

The Turkish flag features a white star and crescent on red base.

Something shaped like a crescent, especially:

(Islam) A representation of a crescent, used as a symbol of Islam.


Semitic

From Semite + -ic (18th century), from German semitisch, from Ancient Greek Σήμ (Sḗm), from the Hebrew שֵׁם (Šēm, “Shem”), the name of the eldest son of Noah in biblical tradition (Genesis 5.32, 6.10, 10.21), considered the forefather of the Semitic peoples. Perhaps derived from Akkadian 𒈬 (šumu, literally “name" or "son”). The word was coined and first applied to the Semitic languages by August Ludwig von Schlözer in 1781.

uder

Of or pertaining to the Semites; of or pertaining to one or more Semitic peoples.

(biblical) Of or pertaining to the descendants of Shem, the eldest of three sons of Noah.


provost

From Middle English, from late Old English prōfost, prāfost, from Late Latin prōpositus, variant of Latin praepositus (“[one] placed in command”). In some senses, via Anglo-Norman provolt; via Anglo-Norman and Old French provost (modern French prévôt). As a Central European ecclesiastical office, via German Propst, Danish provst, etc.

steward

deputy overseeing medieval estates or fees

police officer

deputy overseeing medieval law enforcement; military police

One placed in charge: a head, a chief, particularly:

(religion, historical) A dean: the head of a cathedral chapter.

(religion) The head of various other ecclesiastical bodies, even (rare, obsolete) muezzins.

(religion) The minister of the chief Protestant church of a town or region in Germany, the Low Countries, and Scandinavia.

A senior deputy, a superintendent, particularly:

(religion, historical) A prior: an abbot's second-in-command.

A senior deputy, a superintendent
A prior: an abbot's second-in-command.

provst

highest position in a monastery below an abbot


Jesus Christ

Jesus + Christ; from Middle English Jesu Crist, Jesus Crist, from Latin Iēsus Chrīstus.

Almighty God, give us the grace that we may cast away the works of darkness, and put upon us the armour of light, now in the time of this mortal life (in which thy son Jesus Christ came to visit us in great humility;)

1681, Church of England, The book of common prayer:

(Christianity, Islam, Baháʼí) Jesus of Nazareth, a first-century Jewish religious preacher and craftsman (commonly understood to have been a carpenter, see Ancient Greek τέκτων (téktōn, “builder”)) from Galilee, held to be a prophet, teacher and the Messiah, or Christ, in Christianity. Also held to be a prophet in Islam and the Baháʼí Faith.

ܝܶܫܽܘܥ ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ

Yešūʿ M'šīḥāʿ

ܝܼܫܘܿܥ ܡܫܝܼܚܵܐ

Īšōʿ M'šīḥāʿ

ܝܶܫܽܘܥ ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ

Yešūʿ M'šīḥōʿ

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints


schism

From Middle English scisme, from Old French cisme or scisme, from Ancient Greek σχίσμα (skhísma, “division”), from σχίζω (skhízō, “I split”). Doublet of schisma.
This word was historically pronounced /ˈsɪzəm/ (and still is among the clergy); the pronunciations /ˈʃɪzəm/, /ˈskɪzəm/ are due to the spelling (the latter may have been reinforced by learned influence); compare schedule.

The schism between Sunnis and Shias happened quite early in Islamic history.

(religion) A formal division or split within a religious body.


appropriate

en-verb

appropriate (third-person singular simple present appropriates, present participle appropriating, simple past and past participle appropriated)

appropriates (present singular third-person)
appropriating (participle present)
appropriated (participle past)
appropriated (past)

From Middle English appropriaten, borrowed from Latin appropriatus, past participle of approprio (“to make one's own”), from ad (“to”) + proprio (“to make one's own”), from proprius (“one's own, private”).

Some [benefices] were appropriated to secular ecclesiastical corporations

176, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, book, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC:

(transitive, British, ecclesiastical, law) To annex (for example a benefice, to a spiritual corporation, as its property).


Tower of Babel

(biblical) A tower erected at Babel by the descendants of Noah's son Ham to reach the sky, and whose completion God thwarted by making the workers speak different languages so that they were unable to understand one another.


Joseph

en-proper noun

Joseph (countable and uncountable, plural Josephs)

→ Maori: Hohepa

From Middle English Ioseph, ultimately from Biblical Hebrew יוֹסֵף (Yoséf, literally “(God) shall add”); a son of Jacob.

der

Now Israel loved Joseph more than all his children, because he was the son of his old age: and he made him a coat of many colours.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 37:3:

A few shocks of corn in a corner of the fallow stood up as if alive; she imagined them bowing; perhaps her son would be a Joseph.

1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, chapter 2, in Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC:

(biblical) Eleventh and favorite son of Jacob, by his wife Rachel.


in the flesh

(religion, especially Christianity) incarnate (of God or a deity: having assumed an earthly body)


atonement

en-noun

atonement (countable and uncountable, plural atonements)

Perhaps from atone + -ment as translation of Medieval Latin adūnāmentum; however, the noun is found earlier than the verb (atone); and in this light, the proper etymology is at + onement.

(theology, often with capitalized initial) The reconciliation of God and mankind through the death of Jesus.


glory

glory (countable and uncountable, plural glories)

From Middle English glory, glorie, from Old French glorie (“glory”), from Latin glōria (“glory, fame, renown, praise, ambition, boasting”). Doublet of gloria. Displaced native Old English wuldor.

der

(theology) The manifestation of the presence of God as perceived by humans in Abrahamic religions.

ilmestys

theology: manifestation of the presence of God


adoration

en-noun

adoration (countable and uncountable, plural adorations)

/ˌæ.dəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/

Borrowed from Middle French adoration, from Latin adōrātiō, adōrātiōnem (“worship, adoration”), from adōrō (“beseech; adore, worship”), from ad (“to, towards”) + ōrō (“beg”).
From adore + -ation.

uder

We incessantly look forward, and endeavour, by prayers, adoration, and sacrifice, to appease those unknown powers, whom we find, by experience, so able to afflict and oppress us.

a. 1779, David Hume, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion:

(countable, religion) An act of religious worship.


amen

Inherited from Middle English amen, from Old English āmen, from Ecclesiastical Latin āmēn, from Ancient Greek ἀμήν (amḗn), from Biblical Hebrew אָמֵן (ʾāmēn, “certainly, verily”) (cognate with Arabic آمِينَ (ʔāmīna), Classical Syriac ܐܡܝܢ (ʾāmên)). In Old English, it was used only at the end of the Gospels. Elsewhere, it was translated as sōþlīċe! (“truly”, “indeed!”), swā hit is (“so it is”), and sīe! (“[so] be it!”).

der

Iesvs anſvvered, Amen, Amen I ſay to thee, Vnles a man be borne againe of vvater and the Spirit, he can not enter into the kingdom of God.

1582, English College of Rheims, transl., The New Testament of Jesus Christ, John 3:5, page 222:


grace

en-noun

grace (countable and uncountable, plural graces)

From Middle English grace, from Old French grace (modern French grâce), from Latin grātia (“kindness, favour, esteem”), from grātus (“pleasing”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (“to praise, welcome”); compare grateful.
The word displaced the native Middle English held, hield (“grace”) (from Old English held, hyld (“grace”)), Middle English este (“grace, favour, pleasure”) (from Old English ēst (“grace, kindness, favour”)), Middle English athmede(n) (“grace”) (from Old English ēadmēdu (“grace”)), Middle English are, ore (“grace, mercy, honour”) (from Old English ār (“honour, grace, kindness, mercy”)).

cog

When she sang in the kirk, folk have told me that they had a foretaste of the musick of the New Jerusalem, and when she came in by the village of Caulds old men stottered to their doors to look at her. Moreover, from her earliest days the bairn had some glimmerings of grace.

1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:

(uncountable, theology) Free and undeserved favour, especially of God; unmerited divine assistance given to humans for their regeneration or sanctification, or for resisting sin.

ողորմածություն

free and undeserved favour, especially of God


muezzin

From Turkish müezzin or Ottoman Turkish مؤذن (müezzin), from Arabic مُؤَذِّن (muʔaḏḏin, “one who calls (to prayer), crier”).

der

approaching the mosque, at the call of the muezzin (III, xvi)

1820, Charles Maturin, Melmoth the Wanderer:

I was awoken by the voice of a distant muezzin calling the faithful to prayer.

2015, Chigozie Obioma, The Fishermen, ONE, page 266:

(Islam) The person who issues the call to prayer from one of the minarets of a mosque.


insufflate

en-verb

insufflate (third-person singular simple present insufflates, present participle insufflating, simple past and past participle insufflated)

insufflates (present singular third-person)
insufflating (participle present)
insufflated (participle past)
insufflated (past)

From the past participle stem of Latin īnsufflāre, from in- + sufflāre (“blow on”).

(transitive, ecclesiastical) To exhale upon baptismal water, or the one being baptised, as a ritual act.


magus

From Latin magus, from Ancient Greek μάγος (mágos, “magician”), from Μάγος (Mágos, “Magian”), of an indeterminate Old Iranian origin (see Μάγος for details). Doublet of mage.

Court astrologers, who were drawn from the race of the Magi, were among those that formed the royal court [...]

1922, Maneckji Nusserwanji Dhalla, Zoroastrian Civilization, page 230:

Mocenigo / [satisfied at last] / Good! Now, tell me, Prior, / What is Rome’s greatest fear? What gives the Pope / More night-mares than bad sausage? / Prior Gabrielli / Heresy! / The rendering of the seamless robe of truth. / This rabble of mountebanks and maguses / Who shout reform, defile the Eucharist, / Flout all authority, elect false bishops, / Deny the Trinity and saving grace, / Abolish marriage, set their private minds / Against the long tradition of the Faith / And Peter’s dictates and the Holy Writ . . .

1969, Morris L[anglo] West, The Heretic: A Play in Three Acts […], New York, N.Y.: William Morrow and Company, Inc., →LCCN, pages 11–12:


patron

From Middle English patroun, patrone, from Old French patron, from Latin patrōnus, derived from pater (“father”). Doublet of padrone, Patronus, and pattern.

doublet

(UK, ecclesiastical) One who has gift and disposition of a benefice.


erection

en-noun

erection (countable and uncountable, plural erections)

Borrowed from Latin ērectiō, ērectiōnis, noun of action from perfect passive participle ērectus, from verb erigō, from prefix ē- (“out of”) + regō, + action suffix -iō.

paglatog

physiology: process by which a penis becomes erect

There is some obscurity attaching to the only other one of those alleged erections of parishes, the case of Foot Dee, near Aberdeen.

1842, Patrick Robertson, Stewarton Case: Report of the Pleadings […] , page 43:

If the erection of a society is made with pontifical authority, then the society is one of pontifical legal status from its inception.

1949, Bernard Joseph Ristuccia, Quasi-religious Societies: A Historical Synopsis and a Commentary, page 65:

Concerns for its usefulness to the particular church and the institute should be seriously considered by the diocesan bishop and the major superior before the canonical erection of a house takes place.

2000, Rose M. McDermott, “Canon 610”, in edited by John P. Beal et al., New Commentary on the Code of Canon Law, page 774:

(uncountable or countable, ecclesiastical) Formal approval and official establishment of an institution such as a society or a monastery by higher church authorities.


repent

en-verb

repent (third-person singular simple present repents, present participle repenting, simple past and past participle repented)

repents (present singular third-person)
repenting (participle present)
repented (participle past)
repented (past)

From Middle English repenten, from Old French repentir, from Vulgar Latin *repaenitīre, from Late Latin paenitīre, from Classical Latin paenitēre. Compare Modern French repentir.

... Jesus came into Galilee, preaching the gospel of the kingdom of God, And saying, The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand: repent ye, and believe the gospel.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Mark 1:14–15:

Then Peter said unto them, Repent, and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins, and ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost. For the promise is unto you, and to your children, and to all that are afar off, even as many as the Lord our God shall call. And with many other words did he testify and exhort, saying, Save yourselves from this untoward generation.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 2:38–40:

I tell you, Nay: but, except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 13:3:

Mad Prophet: Repent! Repent and restore your souls to glory before it is too late! This great station has fallen, and all within shall fall with it!

2012, BioWare, Mass Effect 3: Omega (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, PC, scene: Gozu District:

The Court shall, after sentencing an offender for any offence under section 221, 222, 223 or 224 and before execution of the punishment, order the offender to repent.

2013, Hassanal Bolkiah, “Syariah Penal Code Order, 2013”, in Brunei Darussalem Government Gazette, page 1759:

(theology, intransitive) To be sorry for sin as morally evil, and to seek forgiveness; to cease to practice sin and to love.

تَابَ

theology: to be sorry for sin as morally evil, and to seek forgiveness


senior

From Middle English senior, from Latin senior (“older”), comparative form of senex (“old”); see senate. Doublet of seigneur, seignior, senhor, señor, senyor, signore, sir, and sire.

doublet

Then Peter full of the holy gooſt ſayd vnto them. Ye ruelars of the people / and ſeniours of iſrahel[…].

1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Acts :[8], folio clviij, recto:

(obsolete, biblical) An elder or presbyter in the early Church.


Abilene

(biblical) A region of Syria south and southeast of Damascus.


creature

From Middle English creature in the original sense of “a created thing”, borrowed via Old French creature, criature, from Latin creātūra, from creō. Displaced native Old English ġesċeaft. Doublet of craythur and critter.

Thoughts, my mindes creatures, often are with thee, / But I, their maker, want their libertie.

the natural truth of God is an artificial erection of Man, and the Creator himself but a subtile invention of the Creature.

1646, Thomas Browne, chapter I, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], London: […] T[homas] H[arper] for Edward Dod, […], →OCLC, 1st book, page 10:

Must not then all understanding Creatures center in their Creator, as in the highest and best of Beings? And must not this Creator then be eſſentially God? What Infatuation then is it, that leads Men to think of a Creature-Creator?

1718, John CLAGGETT, Arianism Anatomized: or, Animadversions on Mr. Thomas Chubb's book, intitled, The Supremacy of the Father asserted, etc, page 35:

For the creature tends to close union with the Creator, and union alone is the perfection of all true worship.

1857, Frederick William Faber, The Creator and the Creature: Or the Wonders of Divine Love, page 92:

We are creatures of a good, beneficent and loving Creator. We are made by this good God for Himself.

1878, Mary (the virgin.), Spiritual exercises of Mary, revised by the bp. of Nottingham [E.G. Bagshawe]., page 194:

They only mean that we are creatures and not God. Unlike the Creator, we creatures do not live forever. Real evil enters the picture when we refuse to accept the finitude of human life […]

1994 January 1, Shirley C. Guthrie, Christian Doctrine, Westminster John Knox Press, →ISBN, page 169:

Several aspects of the creature-Creator relation can be drawn from Rom 1:18–32 and other Pauline texts. First, the relation between man-as-creature and God-the-Creator is more than a “static/positional” reality.

2020 August 28, Samuel D. Ferguson, The Spirit and Relational Anthropology in Paul, Mohr Siebeck, →ISBN, page 98:

(now uncommon, religion) A created thing, whether animate or inanimate; a creation.


Abner

From Hebrew אבנר (Abner, “father of light”). From אָב (av, “father”) + נור (nur, “light”).

And when Saul saw David go forth against the Philistine, he said unto Abner, the captain of the host, Abner, whose son is this youth? And Abner said, As thy soul liveth, O king, I cannot tell.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Samuel 17:55:

(biblical) A cousin of Saul mentioned in the Old Testament.


theodicy

Borrowed from French théodicée, from Ancient Greek θεός (theós, “god”) + δίκη (díkē, “justice”), coined by German mathematician and philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in his 1710 work Essais de Théodicée sur la bonté de Dieu, la liberté de l’homme et l’origine du mal (Essays of Theodicy on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil), commonly known as Théodicée.

lang

Essais de Théodicée sur la bonté de Dieu, la liberté de l'homme et l'origine du mal

2000 [Kluwer Academic], Charles Seymour, A Theodicy of Hell, 2010, Springer, Softcover reprint, page 195,
In general, my theodicy of hell is more congenial to those denominations with less rigidly defined doctrinal systems.
Does this mean I have allowed theodicy to encroach on theology, contrary to my avowed purpose?

Distilling the characteristic features of the theodicies of the world religions, Weber identified five varieties or forms that the answers to this problem take, which in his view speaks to the varieties of forms that religion itself takes: a messiah who initiates the end of the world as we know it, the transmigration of souls, a universal day of judgment, predestination, or dual divinities of good and evil.

2002, Kevin J. Christiano, William H. Swatos, Peter Kivisto, Sociology of Religion: Contemporary Developments, Rowman & Littlefield (Altamira Press), page 129:

God was now nothing more than a distant cause of causes; what mattered was matter, and man acting in nature. The theodicy, the master-narrative, had become secularized.

2003, Roy Porter, Flesh in the Age of Reason, Penguin 2004, page 388:

(theology, philosophy) A justification of a deity or of particular attributes of a deity; specifically, a justification of the existence of evil and suffering in the world; a work or discourse justifying the ways of God.


saint

Francis of Assisi
saint
saint (disambiguation)

From Middle English saint, seint, sainct, seinct, sanct, senct, partly from Old English sanct (“saint”) and confluence with Old French saint, seinte (Modern French saint); both from Latin sānctus (“holy, consecrated”, in Late Latin as a noun, “a saint”), past participle of sancīre (“to render sacred, make holy”), akin to sacer (“holy, sacred”). Doublet of Sanctus. Displaced native Middle English halwe (“saint”) from Old English hālga (“saint, holy one”) (> Modern English hallow (“saint”)).

martyr

person revered for sacrificing their life for a cause, sometimes inclusive of secular reverence by nations or political parties

santa

female Christian saint in Spanish contexts, usu. as a title

sainte

female Christian saint in French contexts, usu. as a title

the lists of derived terms at Saint and St

The Roman Catholic Church proclaimed Kateri Tekakwitha a saint in 2012.

(religion, generally) A deceased person whom a church or another religious group has officially recognised as especially holy or godly; one eminent for piety and virtue.


profession

From Middle English professioun, from Anglo-Norman professioun, Old French profession (“declaration of faith, religious vows, occupation”), from Latin professiō (“avowal, public declaration”), from the participle stem of profitērī (“to profess”).

She died only a few years after her profession.

Rosario was a young novice belonging to the monastery, who in three months intended to make his profession.

1796, Matthew Lewis, The Monk, Folio Society, published 1985, page 27:

(religion) A promise or vow made on entering a religious order.


ellen

From Middle English elne, ellen, from Old English ellen (“zeal, strength, power, vigor, valor, courage, fortitude, strife, contention”), from Proto-West Germanic *alljan, from Proto-Germanic *aljaną (“zeal, power, courage”). Cognate with Middle High German ellen (“strength, manhood”), Middle Low German ellen (“strength, power, courage, vigor, bravery”), Icelandic elja (“endurance, energy”).

cog

(theology) Strength vouchsafed; comfort; grace.


Beelzebub

First attested as Old English Belzebub, from Latin Beelzebūb, the Vulgate's form of Ancient Greek Βεελζεβούλ (Beelzeboúl), from Hebrew בעל זבוב (ba‘al-z'vúv, “fly-lord”), mentioned in 2 Kings chapter 1 as “the god of Ekron”.

der

But when the Phariſees heard it, they ſaid, This fellow doeth not caſt out deuils, but by Beelzebub the prince of the deuils.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 12:24, column 1:

(biblical) A Canaanite deity worshipped at Ekron.


credence

en-noun

credence (countable and uncountable, plural credences)

From Middle English credence, from Old French credence, from Medieval Latin crēdentia (“belief, faith”), from Latin crēdēns, present active participle of crēdō (“loan, confide in, trust, believe”). Compare French croyance, French créance, Italian credenza, Portuguese crença, Romanian credință, Spanish creencia. Doublet of credenza.

der

(religion, countable) A small table or credenza used in certain Christian religious services.


moot

From Middle English mōt, ȝemōt, from Old English *mōt, ġemōt (“meeting”), from Proto-Germanic *mōtą, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂d- (“to encounter, come”). Cognate with Scots mut, mote (“meeting, assembly”), Low German Mööt (“meeting”), Moot (“meeting”), archaic Dutch (ge)moet (“meeting”), Danish møde (“meeting”), Swedish möte (“meeting”), Norwegian møte (“meeting”), Icelandic mót (“meeting, tournament, meet”). Related to meet.

cog

(paganism) A social gathering of pagans, normally held in a public house.


office

Tok Pisin: opis

→ Belarusian: о́фіс (ófis)

→ Bulgarian: о́фис (ófis)

→ Cebuano: opis

→ Chichewa: ofesi

→ Central Dusun: upis

→ Hindi: ऑफ़िस (ŏfis)

→ Iban: opis

→ Japanese: オフィス

→ Marshallese: wōpij

→ Malay: opis

→ Russian: о́фис (ófis)

→ Scottish Gaelic: oifis

→ Swahili: afisi

→ Tausug: upis

→ Ukrainian: о́фіс (ófis)

Microsoft Office
office (disambiguation)

From Middle English office, from Old French office, from Latin officium (“personal, official, or moral duty; official position; function; ceremony, esp. last rites”), contracted from opificium (“construction: the act of building or the thing built”), from opifex (“doer of work, craftsman”) + -ium (“-y”, forming actions), from op- (“work”) + -i- (connective) + -fex (combining form of faciō (“to do, to make”)).
The use in reference to office software is a genericization of various proprietary program suites, such as Microsoft Office.

zyrë

room(s) or building used for non-manual work

(religion) A ceremonial duty or service, particularly:

(Christianity) The authorized form of ceremonial worship of a church.

(Christianity) Any special liturgy, as the Office for the Dead or of the Virgin.

(Christianity) A daily service without the eucharist.

A ceremonial duty or service
A daily service without the eucharist.

In the Latin rite, all bishops, priests, and transitional deacons are obliged to recite the Divine Office daily.

His spirituall exercises were chiefly Prayer, the H. Sacrifice of Masse, his Canonicall Houres or diuine Office.

1674, Richard Strange, The Life and Gests of S. Thomas Cantilupe, Bishop of Hereford, page 287:

(Catholicism) The daily service of the breviary, the liturgy for each canonical hour, including psalms, collects, and lessons.

(Protestantism) Various prayers used with modification as a morning or evening service.

The deuout offices of balming and anointing the dead bodies[…]

1582, The Nevv Testament of Iesus Christ: […] (Douay–Rheims Bible), Rheims: Iohn Fogny, →OCLC, Iohn 12, marginalia, page 254:

To show their loue in this last office done
To a dead friend.

1618, S. Rowlands, Sacred Memorie, section 37:

I[…]will be first to render thee the decent offices due to the dead.

1822 May 29, [Walter Scott], chapter XI, in The Fortunes of Nigel. […], volume III, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., →OCLC, page 318:

A ceremonial duty or service
Last rites.

The office, or Introite, (as they call it).

1549, “Svpper of the Lorde”, in The Book of Common Prayer, page 121:

(Christianity, obsolete) Mass, (particularly) the introit sung at its beginning.

Golde (gaue he him)[…]for all maner of veſſels of euery offyce[…]

1535 October 14 (Gregorian calendar), Myles Coverdale, transl., Biblia: The Byble, […] (Coverdale Bible), [Cologne or Marburg]: [Eucharius Cervicornus and Johannes Soter?], →OCLC, I. Cronicles xxix, folio xc, verso, column 2:


nirvana

en-noun

nirvana (countable and uncountable, plural nirvanas)

/nɪɾˈʋɑːn(ə)/

Borrowed from Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa, “blown or put out, extinguished”), from निस् (nis, “out”) + वा (vā, “to blow”), the second part cognate with Russian ве́тер (véter, “wind”), weather, vent and wind.

bor+

(Buddhism) Complete cessation of suffering; a blissful state attained through realization of sunyata; enlightened experience.


Hannah

en-proper noun

Hannah (countable and uncountable, plural Hannahs)

From previous romanizations of Hebrew חַנָּה (Ḥanâ), chiefly for the mother of Samuel, from חַנָּה (ḥanâ, “grace, gracious, graced with child”). As a Wren with the Royal Marines, after Hannah Snell (1723–1792) who disguised herself as a man to serve in the British military. Doublet of Ann, Anne, Anna, and Ana.

Then said Elkanah her husband to her, Hannah, why weepest thou? and why eatest thou not? and why is thy heart grieved? am I not better to thee than ten sons?

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Samuel 1:8:

(biblical) Mother of the prophet Samuel in the Old Testament.


agendum

From Latin agendum, substantive use of the neuter singular of agendus (“which ought to be done”), future passive participle (gerundive) of agō (“I do, act, make”).

The American Heritage Dictionary's entry and usage note for 'agenda'

Coordinate term: credendum

(theology) Something to be done; a practical duty, rather than an article of faith.


elect

Borrowed from Latin ēlēctus, past participle of ēligō (“to pick out, choose, elect”), from ē- (“out”) + legō (“to pick out, pick, gather, collect, etc.”); see legend.
Cognate to eclectic, which is via Ancient Greek rather than Latin, hence prefix ἐκ (ek), rather than e- (from ex).

Behold my servant, whom I uphold; mine elect, in whom my soul delighteth.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah 42:1:

Shall not God avenge his won elect?

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 18:7:

(theology) In Calvinist theology, one foreordained to Heaven. In other Christian theologies, someone chosen by God for salvation.


damn

en-verb

damn (third-person singular simple present damns, present participle damning, simple past and past participle damned)

damns (present singular third-person)
damning (participle present)
damned (participle past)
damned (past)
damn (infinitive)

From Middle English dampnen, from Old French damner, from Latin damnāre (“to condemn, inflict loss upon”), from damnum (“loss”).

der

The official position is that anyone who does this will be damned for all eternity.

Only God can damn.

I damn you eternally, fiend!

(theology, transitive, intransitive) To condemn to hell.


ayatollah

Borrowed from Iranian Persian آیَتُاللّٰه (âyato-l-lâh), from Classical Persian آیَةُاللّٰه (āyatu-l-lāh), from Arabic آيَةُ ٱللَّٰهِ (ʔāyatu llāhi, “sign of God”, from آيَة (ʔāya, “sign”) + اللّٰه (allāh, “God”)).

der

آيَةُ ٱللَّٰهِ

(Islam) A religious leader in Twelver Shi'ism.


Avesta

From Persian اوستا (avestâ), from Middle Persian [script needed] (abestāg /ʾp(y)stʾk'/), of uncertain meaning.

(Zoroastrianism) The primary collection of religious texts of Zoroastrianism, composed in the Avestan language.

الأَبِسْتَاق

the sacred texts of Zoroastrianism, composed in the Avestan language.


devil

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁
Proto-Indo-European *dwísder.
Ancient Greek διά (diá)
Ancient Greek δια- (dia-)
Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH-der.
Ancient Greek βᾰ́λλω (bállō)
Ancient Greek διαβάλλω (diabállō)
Ancient Greek διάβολος (diábolos)bor.
Latin diabolusbor.
Proto-West Germanic *diubul
Old English dēofol
Middle English devel
English devil
From Middle English devil, devel, deovel, from Old English dēofol, dēoful, from earlier dīobul (“devil”), from Latin diabolus, ultimately from Ancient Greek διάβολος (diábolos, “false accuser, slanderer”), also as "Satan" (in Jewish/Christian usage, translating Biblical Hebrew שָׂטָן (śātān)), from διαβάλλω (diabállō, “to slander”), literally “to throw across”, from διά (diá, “through, across”) + βάλλω (bállō, “throw”). The Old English word was probably adopted under influence of Latin diabolus (itself from the Greek). Other Germanic languages adopted the word independently: compare Saterland Frisian Düüwel (“devil”), West Frisian duvel (“devil”), Dutch duivel, duvel (“devil”), German Low German Düvel (“devil”), German Teufel (“devil”), Bavarian Teifl (“devil”), Danish djævel (“devil”), Swedish djävul (“devil”) (older: djefvul, Old Swedish diævul, Old Norse djǫfull). Doublet of diable, diablo, and diabolus.


devil

Tok Pisin: tewel

→ Chuukese: tefin

better the devil you know than the devil you don't know

better the devil you know than the one you don't know

devil is beating his wife and marrying his daughter

he who sups with the devil should have a long spoon

the devil we know is better than the devil we don't know

the devil you know is better than the devil you don't know

(theology) An evil creature, the objectification of a hostile and destructive force.


din

(Islam) Alternative spelling of deen (“religion, faith, religiosity”).


convict

en-verb

convict (third-person singular simple present convicts, present participle convicting, simple past and past participle convicted)

convicts (present singular third-person)
convicting (participle present)
convicted (participle past)
convicted (past)

From Middle English convicten, from Anglo-Norman convicter, from Latin convictus, the past participle of convincō (“to convict”). Doublet of convince. Displaced native Old English forwyrċan (“to convict, condemn”).

ncog

(chiefly religion) To convince, persuade; to cause (someone) to believe in (something).


awakening

/əˈweɪ̯kənɪŋ/

(religion) A revival of religion, or more general attention to religious matters than usual.


Michal

And as the Arke of the Lord came into the citie of Dauid, Michal Sauls daughter looked through a window, and saw king Dauid leaping and dauncing before the Lord, and she despised him in her heart.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Samuel 6:16:

(biblical) A daughter of Saul and wife of David in the Old Testament.


Mary

→ Cantonese: Mary

→ Cebuano: Mary, Marie

→ Danish: Mary

→ Faroese: Marý

→ Hawaiian: Mele, Mere

→ Japanese: マリー (Marī)

desc

→ Mandarin: 瑪麗／玛丽 (Mǎlì), 瑪莉／玛莉 (Mǎlì), 瑪利／玛利 (Mǎlì)

→ Manx: Mayree

→ Maori: Mere, Meri

→ Norwegian: Mary

→ Scottish Gaelic: Màiri

→ Swedish: Mary

→ Tahitian: Mere

→ Tok Pisin: meri

→ Thai: แมรี (mɛɛ-rii)

From Middle English Marie, from Old French Marie, from Latin Maria, from Ancient Greek Μαρία (María), Μαριάμ (Mariám), from Aramaic מַרְיָם (maryām) or Biblical Hebrew מִרְיָם (miryām), of uncertain meaning (see the Hebrew entry for more). Doublet of Miriam, Marie, Maria, and Mariah.

Maria

Mary, mother of Jesus — see also Madonna, Mother of God, Our Lady, Queen of Heaven, Saint Mary, Theotokos, Virgin Mary
Note: Translations for Mary's various titles and appellations should go in the respective entries.

Now the birth of Jeſus Chriſt was on this wiſe: When as his mother Mary was eſpouſed to Joſeph (before they came together) ſhee was found with childe of the holy Ghoſt.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 1:18, column 2:

(religion) The mother of Jesus, believed in Christianity and Islam to have been a virgin at his birth, and believed by some Christians to have been born herself without sin, to have ascended to Heaven without death, and to act as a sympathetic intermediary for believers.

(biblical) Any of several other women in the New Testament, notably:

And Jeſus anſwered, and ſaide vnto her, Martha, Martha, thou art carefull, and troubled about many things: But one thing is needefull, and Mary hath choſen that good part, which ſhall not bee taken away from her.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 10:41–42, column 1:

Mary of Bethany, the sister of Lazarus and Martha.

(Islam) The 19th sura (chapter) of the Qur'an, recounting the events leading up to the birth of Jesus.


Sodom

Partially from Old English Sodome, Sodoma, partially from Ancient Greek Σόδομα (Sódoma), from the Biblical Hebrew סְדֹם (s'dóm).
(Wadham College): Chosen for the rhyme.

(biblical, Quranic) A city in the Middle East which, according to the Bible and Islamic tradition, but not specifically named in the Qur'an, was destroyed by God (along with Gomorrah) for the sins of its inhabitants.


Togarmah

From Biblical Hebrew תּוֹגַרְמָה (tōḡarmā).

They of the house of Togarmah traded in thy fairs with horses and horsemen and mules.

(biblical) A grandson of Japheth in the Old Testament; traditional ancestor of Armenians, sometimes also of Georgians.


Peter

en-proper noun

Peter (countable and uncountable, plural Peters)

From Middle English Peter, from Old English Petrus, from Latin Petrus, from Ancient Greek Πέτρος (Pétros), from πέτρος (pétros, “stone, rock”). Doublet of Pedro, Piers, and Boutros.

(biblical) The epistles of Peter in the New Testament of the Bible, 1 Peter and 2 Peter attributed to St. Peter.


plenary

en-adj

plenary (comparative more plenary, superlative most plenary)

more plenary (comparative)
most plenary (superlative)

From Middle English plenarie, plenarye, from Late Latin plēnārius, from Latin plēnus (“full”).

The method of treating a subject should be plenary or full.

1725, Isaac Watts, Logick: Or, The Right Use of Reason in the Enquiry after Truth, […], 2nd edition, London: […] John Clark and Richard Hett, […], Emanuel Matthews, […], and Richard Ford, […], published 1726, →OCLC:

(theology or law) Complete; full; entire; absolute.


Adam

From Middle English Adam, from Old English Adam, from Latin Adam, Adamus, from Ancient Greek Ἀδάμ (Adám), Ἄδαμος (Ádamos), from Biblical Hebrew אָדָם (adam, “earth, man, soil, light brown”), from אדמה (adamah, “red earth, ground”).

And Adam called his wiues name Eue, because she was the mother of all liuing.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 3:20:

Say Goddeſs, what enſu'd when Raphael, / The affable Arch-angel, had forewarn'd / Adam by dire example to beware / Apoſtaſie,

1667, John Milton, “Book VII”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 40–43:

(Abrahamism, religion) The first man and the progenitor of the human race.


Saul

From Hebrew שָׁאוּל (shaúl, “asked for”). Doublet of Silas, which derived from Aramaic.

And it came to paſſe, when the euill ſpirit from God was vpon Saul, that Dauid tooke an harpe, and played with his hand: So Saul was refreſhed, and was well, and the euill ſpirit departed from him.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Samuel 16:23, column 2:

(biblical) The first king of Israel in the Old Testament.


archabbot

(ecclesiastical) In certain Catholic (notably Benedictine) congregations, the title of the general superior, ranking above all other abbots, vested in a particular abbey, which hence is called an archabbey (usually its motherhouse, such as Beuron, which gave its name to a Benedictine congregation).

aartsabt

the title of the general superior in certain Catholic congregations


pastoral

/ˌpæsˈtɔːɹəl/

From Middle French, Old French pastoral, from Latin pāstōrālis, from pāstor (“shepherd”), + adjective suffix -ālis.

(religion, Christianity) A letter of a pastor to his charge; specifically, a letter addressed by a bishop to his diocese.

(religion, Christianity) A letter of the House of Bishops, to be read in each parish.


brownie

en-noun

brownie (countable and uncountable, plural brownies)

→ Belarusian: бра́ўні (bráŭni)

→ Chinese: 布朗尼 (bùlǎngní)

→ French: brownie

→ German: Brownie

→ Hungarian: brownie

→ Irish: donnóg (calque)

→ Italian: brownie

→ Japanese: ブラウニー (buraunī)

→ Lithuanian: braunis

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: brownie

→ Polish: brownie

→ Portuguese: brownie

→ Russian: бра́уни (bráuni)

→ Kazakh: брауни (brauni)

→ Spanish: brownie

→ Thai: บราวนี (bpraao-níi)

→ Turkish: brownie, browni, brovni

→ Welsh: browni

From brown + -ie (diminutive suffix). In folkloric sense, originally Scots.

(paganism) A household spirit or revered ancestor.


primate

From Middle English primate, primat, from Old French primat, from Late Latin prīmās (“chief bishop”), substantivisation of prīmās, an alternative form of prīmus (“prime, first rank”). Compare English primus, of similar derivation and meaning. First attested in c. 1200.

The Archbishop of Quebec is the primate of Canada.

(ecclesiastical) In the Catholic Church, a rare title conferred to or claimed by the sees of certain archbishops, or the highest-ranking bishop of a present or historical, usually political circumscription.

(ecclesiastical) In the Orthodox Church, the presiding bishop of an ecclesiastical jurisdiction or region. Usually, the expression primate refers to the first hierarch of an autocephalous or autonomous Orthodox church. Less often, it is used to refer to the ruling bishop of an archdiocese or diocese.

(ecclesiastical) In the Anglican Church, an archbishop, or the highest-ranking bishop of an ecclesiastic province.


James

en-proper noun

James (countable and uncountable, plural Jameses)

⇒ English: Jim (diminutive)

⇒ English: Jimmy, Jimmie, Jimmi, Jimi (diminutive)

⇒ English: Jimbo (diminutive)

→ Hindi: जिम्बो (jimbo)

→ Hawaiian: Kimo

⇒ English: Jem (diminutive)

⇒ English: Jemmy (diminutive)

⇒ English: Jamie, Jamey (diminutive)

⇒ English: Jay (diminutive)

desc

→ Chinese: → 詹姆斯 (Zhānmǔsī) (transliteration)

→ Cornish: Jammes, Jamma

→ Danish: James

→ Fijian: Semesa

→ Icelandic: James

desctree

→ Irish: Séamas, Séamus, Seumas
→ English: Seamus, Shamus

→ Manx: Jayms

→ Maori: Hemi

→ Samoan: Semisi

→ Scottish Gaelic: Seumas
→ English: Hamish

→ Swedish: James

→ Welsh: Siâms

The English New Testament form of Jacob, from Middle English James, from Old French James, from Vulgar Latin Iacomus, spoken and altered pronunciation of Latin Iacobus, from Ancient Greek Ἰάκωβος (Iákōbos), from Ἰακώβ (Iakṓb), from Hebrew יַעֲקֹב (Yaʿăqōḇ). Doublet of Jacques, Jacob, Iago, Jago, Yago, Hamish, Seamus, and Santiago. In reference to the Ecuadorian island, a modification of the earlier name Duke of York's Island after its eponymous duke's coronation as James II of England.
See Occitan Jacme for an intermediary between Old French James and Catalan Jaume.

der

Hebrew יַעֲקֹב (Yaʿăqōḇ)

doublet

(biblical) The twentieth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the general epistle of James.


Leah

And Laban had two daughters: the name of the elder was Leah, and the name of the younger was Rachel. Leah was tender eyed; but Rachel was beautiful and well-favoured.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 29:16-17::

(biblical) The elder daughter of Laban, sister to Rachel, and first wife of Jacob.


Jacob

From Middle English Iacob, from Late Latin Iācōbus, from Ancient Greek Ἰάκωβος (Iákōbos), from Biblical Hebrew יַעֲקֹב (yaʿăqōḇ, literally “he will/shall heel”), from עָקֵב (ʿāqēḇ, “heel”). Doublet of James.

der

And the boyes grew; and Eſau was a cunning hunter, a man of the fielde: and Iacob was a plaine man, dwelling in tents.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 25:27, column 2:

(biblical) One of the sons of Isaac and Rebecca, and twin brother of Esau; father of the Israelites (Jews and Samaritans) by 12 sons by 4 consorts, most famously Judah and Joseph who fathered Manasseh; was renamed to Israel.


atheist

From Middle French athéiste (athée + -iste), from Latin atheos, from Ancient Greek ἄθεος (átheos, “godless, without god”), from ἀ- (a-, “without”) + θεός (theós, “god”).

ateïs

a person who believes with certainty that no deities exist

Ageine, the Atheistes, which say in their hartes there is no God; […]

1571 October 20, Arthur Golding, “The Epistle Dedicatory”, in Psalmes of Dauid and others, with M. John Caluin's Commentaries:

An atheist, like a Christian, holds that we can know whether or not there is a God. The Christian holds that we can know there is a God; the atheist, that we can know there is not.

1953 November 3, Bertrand Russell, “What is an Agnostic?”, in Look:

(religion) A person who does not believe in deities or gods.

(strictly) A person who is certain that no deities exist or who thinks that the existence of deities can be disproven.

Minister—Are you really an Atheist?
Atheist—Yes.
M.—Do you deny that there is a god?
A.—No. I deny that there is sufficient reason to believe there is one. There may be a god, but I think it rather unlikely.

1843, G. J. Holyoake, “A Reciprocal Dialogue”, in Thomas Paterson, editors, The Oracle of Reason, Or, Philosophy Vindicated, volume 2, number 64, page 89:

Very low probability, but short of zero. De facto atheist. ‘I cannot know for certain but I think God is very improbable, and I live my life on the assumption that he is not there.’

2006 September 18, Richard Dawkins, “The God Hypothesis”, in The God Delusion, 1st Am. edition, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OL, LCC BL2775.3.D39 2006, page 51:

(broadly) A person who doubts the existence of deities (therefore, an agnostic may be considered an atheist).

ateïs

a person who doubts the existence of deities — see also agnostic

All children are born Atheists; they have no idea of God. Are they then criminal on account of their ignorance?

1772, Good Sense without God: Or Freethoughts Opposed to Supernatural Ideas, London: W. Stewart, translation of Le Bon-Sens, ou, Idées Naturelles opposées aux Idées Surnaturelles by Paul Henry Thiry baron d'Holbach, published 2004, §30, page 21:

(very broadly) Any person lacking belief in deities (including children who are unaware of religion).

Atheists. One who does not believe in the existence of a Supreme Being, an atheist, is incompetent as a witness, being incapable of being sworn. […] Changed by Acts of 1851, No. 12 (P. S. 1593), under which, no question can be raised as to a witness's "opinions on matters of religious belief."

1910, The Vermont Digest 1789-1905, volume 2, Burlington: Free Press Printing Co:


creator

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-creator.wav

From Middle English creatour, from Old French creator, creatur, creatour, from Latin creātor, agent noun from perfect passive participle creātus (“created”), from verb creō (“I create”) + agent suffix -or. Mostly displaced native Old English wyrhta (modern English wright).

(religion, sometimes capitalized) The deity that created the world.


Rachel

From Late Latin Rāchēl, from Ancient Greek Ῥαχήλ (Rhakhḗl), from Biblical Hebrew רָחֵל (rāḫēl, “ewe”). Doublet of Raquel.

And Laban had two daughters: the name of the elder was Leah, and the name of the younger was Rachel. Leah was tender eyed; but Rachel was beautiful and well favoured. And Jacob loved Rachel; and said, I will serve thee seven years for Rachel thy younger daughter.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 29:16–18:

(biblical) Younger daughter of Laban, sister to Leah, and second wife of Jacob.


Miriam

From Hebrew מִרְיָם (Miryam), possibly from Aramaic מרים (Maryām, “bitter”), from a root מר (m-r) meaning "to be bitter". The meaning of this name which is the Old Testament equivalent of Mary has been debated for centuries. Some other explanations are mutiny / rebellion / disobedience from a root מרי (m-r-y).

And Miriam the prophetess, the sister of Aaron, took a timbrel in her hand; and all the women went out after her with timbrels and with dances.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 15:20:

(biblical) The sister of Moses and Aaron and the daughter of Amram and Jochebed.


recapitulation

en-noun

recapitulation (countable and uncountable, plural recapitulations)

re·kə·pĭ·chə·lāʹshən

From Anglo-Norman recapitulaciun et al., Middle French recapitulacion et al., or their source, from Late Latin recapitulatio (“summing up, summary”), from the participle stem of recapitulare (“recapitulate”), from re- + capitulum (“chapter, section”), diminutive of caput (“head”).

der

one would expect God's final purpose to be expressed in his created world, since the doctrine of recapitulation showed that this is where his plans had worked out before.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 144:

(theology) The symmetry provided by Christ's life to the teachings of the Old Testament; the summation of human experience in Jesus Christ.


immortality

en-noun

immortality (countable and uncountable, plural immortalities)

/ˌɪmɔːˈtæləti/

/ˌɪmɔːɹˈtæləti/

From Middle English immortalitee, immortalite, from Old French immortalité, from Latin immortālitās.
Morphologically immortal + -ity

خُلُود

condition of not being susceptible to death

In Greek mythology, Tithonus was granted immortality but not eternal youth.

In the little, as in the great things of life, are to be found the type and sign of our immortality. Every hope that looks forward is pledge of the hereafter to which it refers. Who rests content with the present? None. We have all deep within us a craving for the future.

1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “The Marriage Morning”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 201:

His one desire was to become the father of a man like himself, and it held him with a grip he only partially understood, for it was the first great desire, the first great passion of his life. Falling in love was a mere physical triviality, like warm sun or cool water, beside this divine hope of immortality: "I continue."

1905, E. M. Forster, Where Angels Fear to Tread, chapter 4

(religion, mythology, biology) The condition of being immortal.

The condition of being immortal.
Never dying

You have to salute Gerrard's bravery in accepting the challenge of trying to turn Rangers around given that he has zero experience in senior management. Immortality beckons if he does it.

2018 May 4, Tom English, “Steven Gerrard: A 'seriously clever or recklessly stupid' Rangers appointment”, in BBC Sport:

The condition of being immortal.
Being remembered forever


David

en-proper noun

David (countable and uncountable, plural Davids)

From Middle English David, Davyd, Davyde, from Old English Dauid, David, from Latin David, Davidus, from Koine Greek Δαυίδ (Dauíd), Δαβίδ (Dabíd), borrowed from Biblical Hebrew דּוד (Dāwîḏ, literally “beloved”).

der

David the son of Jesse said, and the man who was raised up on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob, and the sweet psalmist of Israel, said, The Spirit of the LORD spake by me, and his word was in my tongue.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Samuel 23:1-2:

Some devout Christians are among the most fervent advocates of the death penalty, contradicting Jesus Christ and misinterpreting Holy Scriptures and numerous examples of mercy. We remember God’s forgiveness of Cain, who killed Abel, and the adulterer King David, who arranged the killing of Uriah, the husband of Bathsheba, his lover.

2014, Jimmy Carter, “Full Prisons and Legal Killing”, in A Call to Action: Women, Religion, Violence, and Power, Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 39:

(biblical) The second king of Judah and Israel, the successor of King Saul in the Old Testament; the son of Jesse and the father of Nathan and King Solomon.


tierce

From Old French tierce, from Latin tertia.

(religion, Roman Catholicism) Synonym of terce: the third canonical hour or its service.


eternity

en-noun

eternity (countable and uncountable, plural eternities)

sempiternity

antonym(s) of “existence outside of time”

From Middle English eternyte, from Old French eternité, from Latin aeternitās. Displaced native Old English ēcnes.

We sometimes speak of eternity in contradistinction to time; and often say, "through time and into eternity;" and again "from eternity to eternity," which is simply another form of expressing the same idea, and "pass through time into eternity." in other words, time is a short period allotted to man in his probationary state—and we use the word time in contradistinction to the word eternity, merely for the accommodation of man in his finite sphere, that we may comprehend and learn to measure periods.

1879, Erastus Snow, “Rest Signifies Change, etc.”, in Brigham Young, editor, Journal of Discourses, volume 21, published 1881:

(uncountable, philosophy, theology) Existence outside of time.


hearth

From Middle English herth, herthe, from Old English heorþ, from Proto-West Germanic *herþ, from Proto-Germanic *herþaz, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kerh₃- (“heat; fire”). Cognate with West Frisian hurd, Dutch haard, German Herd, Swedish härd.

der

Asatru is practised all over Northern Europe and also in North America. Like Druidry, it is organized into bodies with sub-groups, the hearths.

1996, Vivianne Crowley, Thorsons principles of paganism, page 50:

Smaller localized groups known as 'hearths' meet regularly, and are comparable, in size and function, with a Wiccan 'Coven' or Druidic 'Grove'.

2003 December 8, Robert J. Wallis, Shamans/neo-Shamans: Ecstasy, Alternative Archaeologies, and Contemporary Pagans, page 102:

Neopagan groups take many forms, from Wiccan covens to Druid groves, from Heathen hearths to magical lodges[…]

2004 March 1, Peter Clarke, editor, Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements, Routledge, page 768:

(Germanic paganism) A household or group in some forms of the modern pagan faith Heathenry.


preterition

en-noun

preterition (countable and uncountable, plural preteritions)

Borrowed from Latin praeteritiō, from praetereō (“I omit”).

(theology) The doctrine that God passes over the non-elect in electing to eternal life those predestinated to salvation.


withhold

From Middle English withholden. Equivalent to with- + hold.

I was afraid to go into review for the help I needed because of the withholds I had against the organization, withholds acquired at the franchise: our late evening discussions, our kidding around at the expense of other Scientologists.

1972, Robert Kaufman, Inside Scientology: How I Joined Scientology and Became Superhuman, →ISBN, page 150:

Dianetics is concerned with purifying the individual of negative emotions, evil spirits, overts, and withholds.

1976, Nathaniel Lande, Mindstyles, Lifestyles, →ISBN, page 133:

The scientology theory is that marriages fail because one or both partners have undisclosed withholds, and when they confess these to their spouse their desire to end the relationship is dissipated and the marriage is saved.

2022, Mike Rinder, A Billion Years: My Escape from a Life in the Highest Ranks of Scientology, →ISBN, pages 138–9:

(Scientology) An immoral action or condition (an overt) that has not been disclosed to others; the consciousness of such an action or condition.


pectoral

All senses are ultimately from Latin pectorālis, but some may have come through Old French and Middle English.

Pectoral in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

(ecclesiastical) A clasp, cross, or ornamental square of cloth etc. worn upon the breast.


hajji

Borrowed from Middle French hagi, from Ottoman Turkish حاجی (hacı), from Classical Persian حَاجِی (hājī).

(Islam) a Muslim who has participated in a hajj.


connexion

connexion (countable and uncountable, plural connexions)

From Middle English connexioun, from Latin connexiō (“a conclusion, binding together”), from connectō.

der

(Methodism) A Methodist denomination as a whole, as opposed to its constituent churches, circuits, districts and conferences (US spelling: connection).

(historical) The inter-relationship of prayer groups or religious societies under the oversight of an itinerant preacher who is assisted by the local preachers attached to each society.


gloria

en-noun

gloria (countable and uncountable, plural glorias)

Borrowed from Latin gloria. Doublet of glory.

The glorias, canticles, and some translations of popular hymns are admirably sung; I do not know that I ever heard congregational singing more effective.

1855, The Colonial Church chronicle, and missionary journal:


mortal

en-adj

mortal (comparative more mortal, superlative most mortal)

more mortal (comparative)
most mortal (superlative)

From Middle English mortal, mortel, from Old French mortal, and their source Latin mortālis, from mors (“death”). Partly displaced native deadly, from Old English dēadlīċ.

(religion, of a sin) Causing spiritual death.


charge

en-noun

charge (countable and uncountable, plural charges)

From Middle English chargen, from Old French chargier, from Late Latin carricō (“to load”), from Latin carrus (“a car, wagon”); see car. Doublet of cargo.

(ecclesiastical) An address given at a church service concluding a visitation.


hierophany

Borrowed from French hiérophanie, as used by Romanian religious historian and philosopher Mircea Eliade (1907–1986) in his book The Sacred and the Profane (1959; translated into English from an unpublished French original), from Ancient Greek ἱερός (hierós, “sacred, holy sign”) + φαίνω (phaínō, “show, appear”).

derived

Man becomes aware of the sacred, because it manifests itself, shows itself, as something wholly different from the profane. To designate the act of manifestation of the sacred, we have proposed the term hierophany. It is a fitting term, because it does not imply anything further; it expresses no more than is implicit in its etymological content, i.e., that something sacred shows itself to us. It could be said that the history of religions—from the most primitive to the most highly developed—is constituted by a great number of hierophanies, by manifestations of sacred realities. From the most elementary hierophany—e.g., manifestation of the sacred in some ordinary object, a stone or a tree—to the supreme hierophany (which, for a Christian, is the incarnation of God in Jesus Christ) there is no solution of continuity.

1959, Mircea Eliade, “Introduction”, in Willard R. Trask, transl., The Sacred and the Profane: The Nature of Religion (Harvest Book; HB 144), New York, N.Y.: Harcourt, Brace & World, →ISBN, page 11:

The technical meaning of symbolism is more extensive than the mere assertion that a particular stone or a specific tree is a hierophany. […] Water symbolism involves the common element of water, but lacks a central hierophany such as unites lunar symbolism. […] But there is, for [Mircea] Eliade, an overarching system which implies a meaning which is more comprehensive than any hierophany standing alone, and this system is implied in each particular hierophany.

1991, Robert D. Baird, Category Formation and the History of Religions: With a New Preface (Religion and Reason; 1), 2nd edition, Berlin, New York, N.Y.: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 75:

Hierophany: We have now reached the culminating point of the rite. When the fire bursts forth, the adhvaryu rises, takes away the golden lid and announces: “the gharma is aglow” (rucito gharma). This is one of the key-moments of the whole rite, if not its culminating point. The heat has now reached its Zenith, as also the light which is emitted from the fire. It is in fact the heat which guarantees the hierophany which at this moment takes place in the mahāvira – in the ‘Great Hero’ – which becomes divine. And it is in this highest degree of incandescence that the Sacred appears with all its force and power, assuring its actual divine presence which the sacrifice – sacrum facere – intends to effect and make manifest.

1992, Umar Marina Vesci, Heat and Sacrifice in the Vedas, 2nd rev. edition, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, →OCLC, page 256:

I have found it quite impossible, for example, to discuss the sacred and the coincidentia oppositorum without reference to Eliade’s concept of “hierophany”, and so it is with my attempt to clarify this word that I will begin. Although it may be strange on first exposure this neologism of Eliade’s is deceptively simple. It is compounded, we can easily explain to a freshman student, of the Greek hiero, the holy, the sacred, and phainein, to show. Thus a “hierophany” is a perception of the sacred. […] Despite the clear, simple definitions quoted above, the passive form of the verb, phainesthai, means “to appear”, allowing an interpretation of hierophany as an intransitive action by that which is made manifest — the sacred manifests itself. […] So, not only are things “transformed” into hierophanies, but anything can be so transformed, and yet, having been so transformed the hierophany may remain “cryptic”. Furthermore, “every hierophany makes manifest the coincidence of contrary essences” (Patterns, 29). […] As the Encyclopedia goes on to explain, “the appearance of the sacred in a hierophany, however, does not eliminate its profane existence”.

1994, Bryan S. Rennie, “Hierophany”, in Reconstructing Eliade: Making Sense of Religion, Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, →ISBN, pages 7–8:

(religion) A physical manifestation of the holy or sacred, serving as a spiritual eidolon for emulation or worship.

Josefa de Óbidos
Mircea Eliade
Teresa of Ávila


ark

→ Maori: āka

From Middle English arke, from Old English earc, ærc, from Latin arca (“chest, box, coffer”), from arceō (“I enclose”).

In the midrash about Noah it says that Noah had a stone which, when held up in the darkness of the ark, would change color when the sun was shining outside.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 201:

(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) Noah's ark: the ship built by Noah to save his family and a collection of animals from the deluge.


guardian angel

änglavakt

protection by a guardian angel in a dangerous situation

"We may call them 'guardian angels' as the Catholics do, or 'guides' or 'controls', but whatever you call them, they really do exist and they guard us from evil on the spiritual plane."

1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:

(religion) A tutelary angel watching over a particular person in monotheistic contexts.

don't drive faster than your guardian angel can fly

tutelary deity

similar concepts in polytheistic contexts


primer

US, irregular, but common; borrowed from Etymology 2

From Middle English primer, primere, from Medieval Latin primarius and primarium (“prayer book”) possibly via Anglo-Norman primer (“prayer book”), from prima (“prime the liturgical hour and office”) + -arius and -arium (suffix forming related objects). Its use for schoolbooks derived from the late medieval and early modern use of such prayer books to teach reading.

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="la">-arium</i> (suffix forming related objects).

(historical, Catholicism ecclesiastical) A prayer or devotional book intended for laity, initially an abridgment of the breviary and manual including the hours of the Virgin Mary, 15 gradual and 7 penitential psalms, the litany, the placebo and dirige forming the office of the dead, and the commendations.

Book of Common Prayer
Book of Common Prayer

(historical, Protestantism ecclesiastical) Any of various similar works issued in England for private prayer in accordance with the Book of Common Prayer.


clay

en-noun

clay (usually uncountable, plural clays)

soul

antonym(s) of “material of the human body”

From Middle English cley, clay, from Old English clǣġ (“clay”), from Proto-West Germanic *klaij, from Proto-Germanic *klajjaz (“clay”), from Proto-Indo-European *gley- (“to glue, paste, stick together”).
Cognate with Dutch klei (“clay”), Low German Klei (“clay”), German Klei, Danish klæg (“clay”); compare Ancient Greek γλία (glía), Latin glūten (“glue”) (whence ultimately English glue), Russian глина (glina, “clay”). Related also to clag, clog.

der

Thine hands have made me and fashioned me together round about...thou hast made me as the clay.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 10:8-9:

But now, O Lord, thou art our Father; we are the clay, and thou art our potter; and we are the work of thy hand.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah 64:8:

(biblical) The material of the human body.


pathos

en-noun

pathos (countable and uncountable, plural pathoses)

From Ancient Greek πάθος (páthos, “suffering”).

uder

(theology, philosophy) In theology and existentialist ethics following Kierkegaard and Heidegger, a deep and abiding commitment of the heart, as in the notion of "finding your passion" as an important aspect of a fully lived, engaged life.


arhat

Transliteration of Sanskrit अर्हत् (arhat, “worthy of worship”), used as a title for sanctified Buddhists. Doublet of arahant.

translit

1954: Over and against the arhat, retreating from appearances into an entirely transcendental Nirvana, stands the Bodhisattva, for whom Suchness and the world of contingencies are one — Aldous Huxley, The Doors of Perception (Chatto & Windus 1954, p. 32)

(Buddhism) One who has attained enlightenment; a Buddhist saint.


confess

en-verb

confess (third-person singular simple present confesses, present participle confessing, simple past and past participle confessed)

confesses (present singular third-person)
confessing (participle present)
confessed (participle past)
confessed (past)

From Middle English confessen, from Anglo-Norman confesser, from Old French confesser, from Latin confessus (Old French confés), past participle of cōnfiteor (“I confess, I admit”) from con- + fateor (“I admit”). Displaced Middle English andetten (“to confess, admit”) (from Old English andettan). Doublet of confiteor.

cog

If we confesse our sinnes, hee is faithfull, & iust to forgiue vs our sinnes, and to cleanse vs from all vnrighteousnesse.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 John 1:9:

Our beautiful votary took an opportunity of confessing herself to this celebrated father.

1710 September 18 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison; Richard Steele et al.], “THURSDAY, September 7, 1710”, in The Spectator, number 1647; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume II, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC:

(religion) To unburden (oneself) of sins to God or a priest, in order to receive absolution.

1523–1525, John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners (translator), Froissart's Chronicles
He […] heard mass, and the prince, his son, with him, and the most part of his company were confessed.

A jealous man confesses his wife under a priest's habit, who tells him that she is visited every night by a friar; […]

1867, W. K. Kelly, The Decameron: or ten day's entertainment of Boccaccio. A revised translation:

(transitive, religion) To hear or receive such a confession of sins from.

εξομολογώ

to hear or receive a confession of sins from


Babel

From Latin Babel, from Biblical Hebrew בָּבֶל (bāḇel, “Babylon”), from Akkadian 𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠 (Bābilim); in Genesis associated with the idea of confusion. Doublet of Babylon.

der

Therefore is the name of it called Babel[…]

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 11:9, column 2:

(biblical) The city and tower in the land of Shinar where the confusion of languages took place, according to the Bible.


imam

Borrowed from Arabic إِمَام (ʔimām, “leader”).

Now it chanced that in one of the mosques was an Imam. (footnote: The person specially appointed to lead the prayers of the congregation and paid out of the endowed revenues of the mosque to which he is attached)

1901, John Payne, Alaeddin and the Enchanted Lamp:

But then there's a Christian cleric and an imam on each of the country's three regional censorship boards, in Kaduna, Lagos and Onitsha, although more than one producer told me that the brown envelope worked the same magic here as in any other Nigerian Government department.

In the 1980s, roughly six hundred young Algerian men, many of them protégés of Muslim Brothers from Egypt and Wahhabi imams from Saudi Arabia, went to Afghanistan to join the anti-Soviet jihad.

2004 October 7, London Review of Books, page 3:

The critically low level of rainfall in the second half of 2020 – approaching 50% year on year for November – led the religious affairs directorate to instruct imams and their congregations to pray for rain last month.

2021 January 13, Bethan McKernan, “Turkey drought: Istanbul could run out of water in 45 days”, in The Guardian:

(Islam) One who leads the salat prayers in a mosque.


aspect

From Middle English aspect, from Latin aspectus (“look, sight; appearance”), from aspiciō (“see; catch sight of; inspect”), from ad- (“to, towards, at”) + speciō (“look, look at, behold; observe”).

suunta

position in respect to points of a compass, the sun, etc.

takoto

of the position of land in relation to the sun

The Mother Goddess in her many manifestations is termed Shakti, the female energy in creation, and worshipped as the supreme female aspect of Brahman.

1995, V.P. Kanitkar, W. Owen Cole, Hinduism — An Introduction:

(religion, mythology) The personified manifestation of a deity that represents one or more of its characteristics or functions.


aspect

en-verb

aspect (third-person singular simple present aspects, present participle aspecting, simple past and past participle aspected)

aspects (present singular third-person)
aspecting (participle present)
aspected (participle past)
aspected (past)


audit

→ Polish: audyt

Borrowed from Latin audītus, from audiō (“I hear”).

[ Werner Erhard said:] I got a lot of benefit from auditing. It was the fastest and deepest way to handle situations that I had yet encountered.

1978, William Warren Bartley, Werner Erhard: the Transformation of a Man: the Founding of est, New York: Clarkson N. Potter, Inc., →ISBN, pages 146–47:

The trainings of Landmark, Block Training and UP Hans Schuster und Partner thus display strong similarities with the self-improvement seminars of Scientology, which are incidentally called 'auditing sessions', a term taken from the business world.

2007, Martin Ramstedt, “New Age and Business: Corporations as Cultic Milieus?”, in Daren Kemp, James R. Lewis, editors, Handbook of the New Age (Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion), volume 1, Leiden: BRILL, →ISBN, pages 196–197:

(Scientology) Spiritual counseling, which forms the core of Dianetics.


audit

audit (third-person singular simple present audits, present participle auditing, simple past and past participle audited)

audits (present singular third-person)
auditing (participle present)
audited (participle past)
audited (past)

→ Spanish: auditar

In John's case, I suspect, when he lost Diana he went back to his Scientology church to be audited.

2011, Diane Saks, Overcoming Celebrity Obsession, page 225:


focal

Learned borrowing from New Latin focālis. By surface analysis, focus + -al.

lbor

Choose your focals to blend well with the intention of your magical work or ritual.

2000, Sirona Knight, Celtic Traditions: Druids, Faeries, and Wiccan Rituals, page 193:

And no witch leaves behind focals.

2019, Faith Hunter, Circle of the Moon, page 27:

I use focals for aura work sometimes.

(Wicca) An object that is used to focus concentration when performing magic.