fard

Borrowed from Arabic فَرْض (farḍ, “religious duty”), from فَرَضَ (faraḍa, “to ordain, make obligatory, specify”).

It is suggested that the child pray only the fardrak'ats at this stage. He can keep adding the sunnah rak'ats from the time he has all the fards completed—that is, from his seventh birthday—so that by age ten he has the entire salat, fards and sunnahs, complete.

1995, Norma Tarazi, Zeba Siddiqui, “Islamic Practices, Manners, and Values”, in The Child in Islam: A Muslim Parent’s Handbook, Plainfield, Ind.: American Trust Publications, →ISBN, page 132:

(Islam) A commandment from Allah that a Muslim has to fulfill; a religious duty or obligation.


fard

The second fundamental of Islam is "to perform the ritual prayer (namâz, salât) [five times a day in accordance with its conditions and fards] when the time for prayer comes." It is fard for every Muslim to perform salât five times every day after each time of salât starts and to know that he or she performs it in due time.

1993, Mawlânâ Diyâ’ Ad-dîn Khâlid, “Introduction”, in Belief and Islam (Hakîkat Kitâbevi Publications; no. 8), Istanbul: Hakîkat Kitâbevi, →OCLC:

(Islam) Required as a matter of religious duty or obligation.

fard

(Islam) required as a matter of religious duty or obligation


mullah

Derived from Classical Persian مُلَّا (mullā), from Arabic مَوْلًى (mawlan, “vicar, guardian”).

der

Leading Republicans do not sympathize with the mullahs, do not repeat their talking points, and do not seek to appease them when they make outrageous claims about other countries.

2024 April 15, Anne Applebaum, “Why Did U.S. Planes Defend Israel but Not Ukraine?”, in The Atlantic:

(Islam) A religious scholar and teacher of sharia law.


zazen

en-noun

zazen (usually uncountable, plural zazens)

Borrowed from Japanese 坐(ざ)禅(ぜん) (zazen), from 坐(ざ) (za, “sitting”) + 禅(ぜん) (zen, “meditation”).

If Professor Jaynes had extended his studies of introspection into zazen or yogic forms of meditation, he would understand that the ego is just such a construction that is extended over the gaps in time from moment to moment.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 269:

They had sent out scouts to try and locate the original cave where the practice of Zazen was first initiated.

1985, Lawrence Durrell, Quinx, page 1226:

In the practice of Zen there is an exercise called zazen—similar, I think, to the Theravedic practice of vipassana. One sits facing a blank wall. No matter the emotion one feels, no matter how strong or violent, one remains motionless. Facing the wall. The discipline, of course, is in continuing to sit.

For everyone—everyone—who first takes it up, zazen is tedious and awful... Zazen isn't about blissing out or going into an alpha brainwave trance. It's about facing who and what you really are, in every single goddamn moment. And you aren't bliss, I'll tell you that right now. You're a mess. We all are.

2003, Brad Warner, Hardcore Zen, page 92:

(Buddhism) A form of seated meditation in Zen Buddhism.


lien

And Abimelech said, What is this thou hast done vnto vs? one of the people might lightly haue lien with thy wife, and thou shouldest haue brought guiltinesse vpon vs.”

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 26:10:

And the Priest shall charge her by an othe, and say vnto the woman, If no man haue lyen with thee, and if thou hast not gone aside to vncleannesse with another in stead of thy husband, be thou free from this bitter water that causeth the curse.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Numbers 5:19:

(biblical, archaic) Alternative form of lain


commemoration

commemoration (countable and uncountable, plural commemorations)

From commemorate + -ion, from Old French commemoration (French commémoration), from Latin commemorātiōnem, verb commemorāre.

(religion) The specification of individual saints in the prayers for the dead.


valid

en-adj

valid (comparative more valid, superlative most valid)

more valid (comparative)
most valid (superlative)

Borrowed from Middle French valide (“healthy, sound, in good order”), from Latin validus, from valeō (“I am strong, I am healthy, I am worth”) + -idus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“be strong”).

der

(Christianity, theology) Genuine - as distinguished from efficient or regular - sacrament.


anathema

en-noun

anathema (plural anathemas or anathemata)

Borrowed from Late Latin anathema (“curse, person cursed, offering”), itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀνάθεμα (anáthema, “something dedicated, especially dedicated to eternal damnation”), from ἀνατίθημι (anatíthēmi, “I set upon, offer as a votive gift”), from ἀνά (aná, “upon”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “I put, place”). The Ancient Greek term was influenced by Hebrew חרם (herem), leading to the sense of "accursed," especially in Ecclesiastical writers.

der

(ecclesiastical, historical) A ban or curse pronounced with religious solemnity by ecclesiastical authority, often accompanied by excommunication; something denounced as accursed.

If any man love not the Lord Jesus Christ, let him be Anathema Maranatha.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Corinthians 16:22:

Ἆνάθεμα, accurẛed, חרם, which the Septuagint renders Anathema, ẛignifies Perẛons or Things devoted to Deẛtruction and Extermination. The Jewiẛh Nation were now an Anathema, deẛtin'd to Deẛtruction. St. Paul to expreẛs his Affection to them, ẛays, he could wiẛh to ẛave them from it, to become an Anathema and be deẛtroy'd himẛelf.

1707, John Locke, “The Epistle of St. Paul to the Romans”, in An Essay for Understanding St. Paul's Epistles, by Consulting St. Paul Himself, Section VIII:

If any one refuses to confess that the Word of God the Father is united in hypostasis to flesh, and is one Christ with His own flesh, the same being at once both God and man, let him be anathema.

1885, “The Anathemas of Cyril in Opposition to Nestorius”, in Philip Schaff, editor, Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers (II), volume III:

(ecclesiastical) Any person or thing anathematized, or cursed by ecclesiastical authority to unending punishment.


deification

en-noun

deification (usually uncountable, plural deifications)

From Middle English deificacion, from Middle French deifier + -acion or borrowed directly from Latin deificātiō, from deificō (“deify”) + -tiō (noun suffix), from deus (“god”) + -ficō (“make”). Equivalent to deify + -ication. In the Christian theological sense influenced by the use of deificātiō as Latin translation of Byzantine Greek θέωσις (théōsis).

euhemerization

act of deifying; chiefly Chinese contexts

There is an experiential component to Maximos’ writings: he draws upon the reality of the contemplative life and in doing so secures deification as the goal of the monastic spiritual life in Orthodoxy.

2010, Paul M. Collins, Partaking in Divine Nature: Deification and Communion, page 108:

(Christianity, theology) Union with God; theosis.


damnation

damnation (countable and uncountable, plural damnations)

From Middle English dampnacioun, from Old French dampnacion, from Latin damnatio.

(religion) Condemnation to everlasting punishment in the future state, or the punishment itself.


denomination

denomination (countable and uncountable, plural denominations)

/dɪˌnɒmɪˈneɪʃən/

From Middle English denominacion, from Old French denominacion, from Latin dēnōminātiō.

She follows the Ahmadiyya denomination of Islam.

Denomination does more than create space in which to discern, however. It also provides a means for living out differing forms of a faithful Christian life.

2011, Paul M. Collins, Barry A. Ensign-George, Denomination: Assessing an Ecclesiological Category, Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN, page 6:

(countable, religion) A class, or society of individuals, called by the same name; a subdivision of a religion.

denominasie

class or society with the same name, a sect


crusader

1998, Osama Bin Ladenhttps://irp.fas.org/world/para/docs/980223-fatwa.htm
Second, despite the great devastation inflicted on the Iraqi people by the crusader-Zionist alliance, and despite the huge number of those killed, which has exceeded 1 million... despite all this, the Americans are once against trying to repeat the horrific massacres, as though they are not content with the protracted blockade imposed after the ferocious war or the fragmentation and devastation.

(Islam, politics, derogatory, Islamism) An American, especially a soldier or leader who wages war against Islamist militants.

(Islam, politics, derogatory, Islamism, religious slur) A Westerner; a Christian, especially of European descent or a missionary.

(Islam, politics, derogatory, Islamism) (either attributively or in the plural) The United States and its Western allies.


emanation

emanation (countable and uncountable, plural emanations)

/ˌɛməˈneɪʃən/

(theology) The generation of the Son and the procession of the Holy Spirit, as distinct from the origination of created beings.


soma

Transliteration of Sanskrit सोम (soma). Doublet of haoma.

Once he had drunk the intoxicating soma, he experienced an ascent to the gods without having to die a violent death, as in the old ritual.

2006, Karen Armstrong, The Great Transformation, Atlantic Books, published 2007, page 82:

(Vedic religion) A ritual drink in ancient Vedic culture, obtained by pressing the Soma plant.


convocation

convocation (countable and uncountable, plural convocations)

From Middle English convocacioun, from Old French convocation, from Latin convocatio, convocationem.

Convocation will sit in York too, so the northern church can have its say in how we worship God.

2020, Hilary Mantel, The Mirror and the Light, Fourth Estate, page 409:

(ecclesiastical) An assembly of the clergy, by their representatives, to consult on ecclesiastical affairs.


fascia

Borrowed from Latin fascia (“a band, bandage, swathe”). Related to fascēs (“bundle of rods containing an axe with the blade projecting”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰask- (“bundle, band”). Cognate with fajita, fess, and fascism.

der

(ecclesiastical, fashion) A sash worn by certain members of the Catholic and Anglican churches.


fornication

en-noun

fornication (countable and uncountable, plural fornications)

/ˌfɔɹnɪˈkeɪʃən/

From Middle English fornicacioun, from Old French fornicacion, from Latin fornicātiō, from fornix (“brothel”).

FRIAR BARNARDINE. Thou hast committed—
BARABAS. Fornication: but that was in another country;
And besides, the wench is dead.

c. 1589–1590 (date written), Christopher Marlo[we], edited by Tho[mas] Heywood, The Famous Tragedy of the Rich Iew of Malta. […], London: […] I[ohn] B[eale] for Nicholas Vavasour, […], published 1633, →OCLC, Act IV:

I am the sister of one Claudio,
Condemned upon the act of fornication
To lose his head, condemned by Angelo

c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:

Now the works of the flesh are manifest, which are these; Adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lasciviousness, Idolatry, witchcraft, hatred, variance, emulations, wrath, strife, seditions, heresies, Envyings, murders, drunkenness, revellings, and such like: of the which I tell you before, as I have also told you in time past, that they which do such things shall not inherit the kingdom of God.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Galatians 5:19–21:

Draw not near unto fornication; for it is wickedness, and an evil way

1734, George Sale, transl., Alcoran of Mohammed, 17:32:

In one case, where a man was sued for committing fornication with his wife before marriage, it appeared, that seven years after her death he was cited to stand as a prisoner at their bar, though he had lived with her for nine years,[…]

1816, Cobbett's Parliamentary History of England: From the Norman Conquest, in 1066, to the Year, 1803, page 623:

... that he was a married man at the time is a necessary allegation, as the allegation that he was an unmarried man would have been necessary had he been charged with the crime of incest, by having committed fornication with his daughter.

1893, The Southwestern Reporter, page 840:

Thus, at Roxbury, 1678, Hanna Hopkins was censured in the church for fornication with her husband before marriage and for fleeing from justice into Rhode Island.

2013, Arthur W. Calhoun, The American Family in the Colonial Period, Courier Corporation, →ISBN:

(religion, law) Sexual intercourse by people who are not married to each other, or which is considered illicit in another way.


fiduciary

From Latin fīdūciārius (“held in trust”), from fīdūcia (“trust”).

(theology) One who depends for salvation on faith, without works; an antinomian.


pica

pica (countable and uncountable, plural picas)

From Medieval Latin pica (“pica: a service book”), possibly from Latin pīca (“magpie”) after the piebald appearance of the typeset page (cf. pie (“disordered type”)). The relation to the printer's measure is unclear, as no edition of the text in pica type is known. The French pica derives from English rather than vice versa.

der

(uncommon, ecclesiastical) A pie or directory: the book directing Roman Catholic observance of saints' days and other feasts under various calendars.


planchette

(spiritualism) A type of Ouija board. (A small tablet of wood supported on casters and having a pencil attached. The characters produced by the pencil on paper, while the hand rests on the instrument and it is allowed to move, are sometimes interpreted as of oracular or supernatural import.)


fain

en-verb

fain (third-person singular simple present fains, present participle faining, simple past and past participle fained)

fains (present singular third-person)
faining (participle present)
fained (participle past)
fained (past)
fain (infinitive)

From Middle English fainen (“to be glad or joyful, rejoice; to make happy, gladden; to welcome; of an animal: to show happiness, as by wagging the tail; to act fawningly or flatteringly”), from Old English fæġnian (“to be glad, rejoice; to celebrate; to be delighted with, applaud; to wish for”), from Proto-West Germanic *faginōn (“to be glad, rejoice; to make glad, gladden”), from Proto-Germanic *faginōną (“to be glad, rejoice”), from *faganaz (“glad”): see further at etymology 1. Doublet of fawn.

inh

(Germanic paganism) To celebrate or worship; specifically, to offer an oblation which is not a sacrificial blót (“ceremonial offering”).

juhlia

(Germanic paganism) to celebrate or worship; to offer an oblation which is not a sacrificial blót — see also celebrate, worship


irascible

en-adj

irascible (comparative more irascible, superlative most irascible)

more irascible (comparative)
most irascible (superlative)

From Middle English, from Old French irascible, from Late Latin īrāscibilis, from Latin īrāscī (“to be angry, enraged”) + -bilis.

The irascible and concupiscible appetites are distinguished by different aspects of their objects. The object of the concupiscible faculty "is sensible good or evil, simply apprehended as such" while good and evil considered as "arduous or difficult … is the object of the irascible faculty."

2015, Jeffrey Froula, “Aquinas on the Moral Neutrality of the Passion of Despair”, in New Blackfriars:

(theology) Relating to the irascible passions


parthenogenesis

en-noun

parthenogenesis (usually uncountable, plural parthenogeneses)

/ˌpɑːθɪnəʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/

/ˌpɑːθənəʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/

/ˌpɑɹθɪnoʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/

/ˌpɑɹθənoʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/

From parthen- + -o- + -genesis, from Ancient Greek παρθένος (parthénos, “virgin”) and γένεσις (génesis, “origin, creation, generation”).

der

So one might reasonably be led to hold, for instance, that the parthenogenesis of Christ does not beget faith in Christ […]

1927, James Samuel Stone, The cult of Santiago: traditions, myths, and pilgrimages, page 58:

His theology offers four objections on dogmatic grounds commonly adduced by contemporary Protestant criticism to cast doubt on Mary’s parthenogenesis.

1966, Thomas F. O’Meara, Mary in Protestant and Catholic Theology, page 227:

Christ’s parthenogenesis exalts woman.

1999, Carol V. Kaske, Spenser and Biblical poetics, →ISBN, page 177:

(theology) Virgin birth, in reference to the Virgin Mary and Jesus Christ.


primacy

en-noun

primacy (usually uncountable, plural primacies)

From Old French primacie, from Medieval Latin primatia (“office of a church primate”), from Latin primas plus a suffix corresponding to -acy.

der

Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew of Constantinople, who holds a primacy of honor in Eastern Orthodoxy, emphasized the many areas of agreement between Pope Francis and himself in response to the social concerns of the day.

December 2 2016, Ecumenical Patriarch points to areas of agreement with Pope, Catholic World News:

(religion) The office, rank, or character of a primate, it being the chief ecclesiastical station or dignity in a national church.

նախագահ

the office, rank, or character of a primate

(religion) The office or dignity of an archbishop.


offend

en-verb

offend (third-person singular simple present offends, present participle offending, simple past and past participle offended)

offends (present singular third-person)
offending (participle present)
offended (participle past)
offended (past)

From Middle French offendre, from Latin offendō (“strike, blunder, commit an offense”), from ob- (“against”) + *fendō (“strike”).

uder

"If any man offend not (stumbles not, is not tripped up) in word, the same is a perfect man."

1896, Adolphus Frederick Schauffler, Select Notes on the International Sunday School Lessons, W. A. Wilde company, page 161:

"If thine eye offend thee, pluck it out."

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 5:29:

(obsolete, transitive, archaic, biblical) To cause to stumble; to cause to sin or to fall.


revival

en-noun

revival (countable and uncountable, plural revivals)

As the revivals died down in the 1740s, the revivalist camp made concessions to their opponents, admonished prorevivalists who continued with the hostilities, and generally sought to heal divisions.

2006, Michael P. Young, Bearing Witness Against Sin:

This book offers a view into a growing movement of Islamic revival as it is taking place in the small, historically Hindu kingdom of Nepal on the northern Himalayan edge of the Indian subcontinent.

2012, Megan Adamson Sijapati, Islamic Revival in Nepal: Religion and a New Nation, Routledge, →ISBN:

(religion) Renewed interest in religion, after indifference and decline; a period of religious awakening; special religious interest.

(Christianity) A Christian religious meeting held to inspire active members of a church body or to gain new converts.


shrive

en-verb

shrive (third-person singular simple present shrives, present participle shriving, simple past shrove or shrived, past participle shriven or shrived)

shrives (present singular third-person)
shriving (participle present)
shrove (past)
shrived (past)
shriven (participle past)
shrived (participle past)

From Middle English shryven, shriven, schrifen, from Old English sċrīfan (“1. to decree, pass judgement, prescribe, 2. (of a priest) to prescribe penance or absolution”), from Proto-West Germanic *skrīban, from late Proto-Germanic *skrībaną, a borrowing from Latin scrībō (“write”). Compare West Frisian skriuwe (“to write”), Low German schrieven (“to write”), Dutch schrijven (“to write”), German schreiben (“to write”), Danish skrive (“to write”), Swedish skriva (“to write”), Icelandic skrifa (“to write”). More at scribe and scribble.

inh

And thenne whan paper & ynke was broughte thenne Gawayn was set vp weykely by kynge Arthur for he was shryuen a lytel tofore and thenne he wrote thus as the Frensshe book maketh mencyon
"And then when paper and ink was brought, then Gawaine was set up weakly by King Arthur, for he was shriven a little to-fore; and then he wrote thus, as the French book maketh mention"

1485, Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur Book XXI, Chapter ii, leaf 421v:

If he have the condition of a saint and the complexion of a devil, I had rather he should shrive me than wive me.

c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:

Doubtless he shrives this woman, […] / Else ne'er could he so long protract his speech.

c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:

(religion, transitive and intransitive) To hear or receive a confession (of sins etc.).

(religion, transitive) To prescribe penance or absolution.

c. 1798-1845, unknown author, The Croppy Boy
'Twas a good thought, boy, to come here and shrive.

(religion, intransitive or reflexive) To confess, and receive absolution.


revert

From Old French revertir, from Vulgar Latin *revertiō, variant of Latin revertō.

[...] Cyril III ibn Laqlaq’s correspondence which reflects genuine—if intentionally vague—concern for the secretive community of Christian converts and reverts [who had converted to Islam before].

2010, Kurt J. Werthmuller, Coptic Identity and Ayyubid Politics in Egypt: 1218-1250, page 77:

(religion) One who reverts to that religion which one had adhered to before having converted to another.

Zeba Siddiqui, herself a revert and editor of the Parent's Manual: A Guide for Muslim Parents Living in North America, contributed to this book as a consultant.

1997, Islamic Society of North America, Islamic horizons, page 27:

Parents should not reject a proposal without good reason — and being a revert with a past is not an acceptable one.

2001, Islamic Society of North America, Islamic horizons:

(Islam, due to the belief that all people are born Muslim) A convert to Islam.


revert

en-verb

revert (third-person singular simple present reverts, present participle reverting, simple past and past participle reverted)

reverts (present singular third-person)
reverting (participle present)
reverted (participle past)
reverted (past)

връщам

to cause to return to the previous owner

He added that Islam is the religion of justice which rejects injustice, referring to the case of Mike Tyson and how he has become a real problem to the West since he reverted to Islam.

1995, Wizārat al-Iʻlām wa-al-Thaqāfah, “Sudanow”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), volume 20:

The mission of 'translating' the Qur'an had preoccupied Pickthall's mind since he reverted to Islam.

1997, Islamic Society of North America, Islamic horizons:

But once he reverted to Islam, he attended as many lectures as he could, listened to Islamic tapes and the recitations of Qur'an. Subtly and gradually his moods were stabilized, and he started to have positive outlook on life.

2003, Islamic Revival Association, Al Jumuʻah: Volume 15, Issues 7-12:

(intransitive, Islam) To convert to Islam.


subsistence

en-noun

subsistence (countable and uncountable, plural subsistences)

From Middle English subsistence; partly from Middle French subsistence (modern French subsistance) and partly from its etymon Late Latin subsistentia (“substance, reality, in Medieval Latin also stability”), from Latin subsistēns, present participle of subsistere (“to continue, subsist”). Perhaps also partly from subsist + -ence.

der

(theology) Embodiment or personification or hypostasis of an underlying principle or quality.


stang

From Middle English stang, stong, from Old Norse stǫng, from Proto-Germanic *stangiz, *stangō (“bar, rod”), from Proto-Indo-European *stengʰ-, *stegʰ- (“to stick, sting, prick, be stiff”).

The stang represents the horned god and the masculine force of nature. Much like the wand or athame, the stang is used for raising or directing power[…]

2006 January 7, Lady Sabrina, Exploring Wicca, Updated Edition, →ISBN, page 87:

In more common (and private) Wiccan circles, the stang is replaced by the athame (black handled knife) and the cauldron replaced with the chalice but its^([sic]) pretty much /whatever works for you/.

2009 June 22, Yowie, “Sikh Quaker?”, in soc.religion.quaker:

These stangs can be used as natural altars in outdoor rituals or simply as walking staffs.

2014 January 8, Ann Moura, Green Witchcraft: Folk Magic, Fairy Lore & Herb Craft, →ISBN, page 7:

(Wicca, paganism) A forked ritual staff.


proud

en-adj

proud (comparative prouder or more proud, superlative proudest or most proud)

prouder (comparative)
more proud (comparative)
proudest (superlative)
most proud (superlative)

From Middle English proud, prout, prut, from Old English prūd, prūt (“proud, arrogant, haughty”) (compare Old English prȳtung (“pride”); prȳde, prȳte (“pride”)), probably from Old French prod, prud (“brave, gallant”) (modern French preux), from Late Latin prōde (“useful”), derived from Latin prōdesse (“to be of value”); however, the Old English umlaut derivatives prȳte, prȳtian, etc. suggest the word may be older and possibly native. Compare Old Norse prýði (“ornament; gallantry, bravery”). See also pride.
Cognate with German Low German praud, Old Norse prúðr (“gallant, brave, magnificent, stately, handsome, fine”) (Icelandic prúður, Middle Swedish prudh, Danish prud).

فَخُور

gratified, feeling honoured, feeling satisfied

嬉しい

happy, usually used with a sense of honour

Every one that is proud in heart is an abomination to the Lord: though hand ioyne in hand, he ſhall not be vnpuniſhed.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Proverbs 16:5:

Death be not proud; though ſome have called thee / Mighty and dreadfull, for, thou art not foe, [...]

1609 February–August (date written), J[ohn] Donne, “[Holy Sonnets] Sonnet VI [Death Be Not Proud]”, in Poems, […] with Elegies on the Authors Death, London: […] M[iles] F[lesher] for Iohn Marriot, […], published 1633, →OCLC, page 35:

Godolphin Horne was Nobly Born; / He held the human race in scorn, / And lived with all his sisters where / His father lived, in Berkeley Square. / And oh! The lad was deathly proud! / He never shook your hand or bowed, / But merely smirked and nodded thus: / How perfectly ridiculous! / Alas! That such Affected Tricks / Should flourish in a child of six!

1907, Hilaire Belloc, Cautionary Tales for Children, Godolphin Horne Who was cursed with the Sin of Pride, and Became a Boot-Black:

(chiefly biblical) Having too high an opinion of oneself; arrogant, supercilious, prideful.

مَغْرُور

having a too high opinion of oneself; arrogant, supercilious, prideful


ordain

en-verb

ordain (third-person singular simple present ordains, present participle ordaining, simple past and past participle ordained)

ordains (present singular third-person)
ordaining (participle present)
ordained (participle past)
ordained (past)

From Middle English ordeynen, from Old French ordiner, from Latin ordinare (“to order”), from ordo (“order”). Doublet of ordinate.

(religion) To admit into the ministry, for example as a priest, bishop, minister or Buddhist monk, or to authorize as a rabbi.


psalm

From Middle English salm or psalme, from Old English psealm, later reinforced from Old French psalme (modern French psaume), both from Latin psalmus, from Ancient Greek ψαλμός (psalmós, “the sound emanating from twitching or twanging perhaps with the hands or fingers, mostly of musical strings”) (from ψάλλω (psállō, “to make a sound by striking, touching, plucking, rubbing, twanging, or vibrating”)), but later in New Testament times the meaning of ψαλμός (psalmós) evolved from its Classical meaning of "a tune played to the harp" to a more general tune that could be played with any instrument; even a song sung with or without musical accompaniment. By the Byzantine Period, it lost all of its instrumental nuances.

Psalms

of the book of the Bible in which the psalms are collected

(religion, music) A sacred song; a poetical composition for use in the praise or worship of God.


leech

From Middle English leche (“physician”), from Old English lǣċe (“doctor, physician”), from Proto-West Germanic *lākī, from Proto-Germanic *lēkijaz (“doctor”), of disputed origin, but usually thought to be connected with Proto-Celtic (compare Old Irish líaig (“charmer, exorcist, physician”)) and Serbo-Croatian ljèkār, Polish lekarz (“physician, doctor”); perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to collect, gather”).
Cognate with Old Frisian lētza (“physician”), Old Saxon lāki (“physician”), Old High German lāhhi (“doctor, healer”), Danish læge (“doctor, surgeon”), Gothic 𐌻𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃 (lēkeis, “physician”).

cog

Their functions are threefold, those of the medicine-man (the leech, or healer by supernatural means); of the soothsayer (the prophet through communion with the invisible world); and of the priest, especially in his capacity as exorcist

1900, Augustus Henry Keane, Man, Past and Present, Cambridge: The University Press:

In ancient times runesters were a specialized class separate from that of the witch or ordinary spell caster (much as the other specialists such as the leech or healer and the seithkona were different from a witch), and even today many believe it takes years of training to become adept at using the runes in spell work.

1996, Swain Wodening, “Scandinavian Craft Lesson 6: Runic Divination”, Theod Magazine 3 (4)

"Leech?" "Not another doctor".

2003, Brian Froud, Ari Berk, The Runes of Elfland, Pavillion Books, →ISBN, page 22:

There are many kinds of "Leech" or "healer" as there are healing techniques, some are more powerful than others and some are very specific to certain illnesses and complaints; some use potions and unguents, others crystals and stones, others galdr and some work their healing from within the hidden realms themselves.

2004, Runic John, The Book of Seidr, Capall Bann Publishing, →ISBN, page 282:


aeon

From Latin aeon, from Ancient Greek αἰών (aiṓn, “age, era”).

(Gnosticism) A spirit being emanating from the Godhead.


decree

From Middle English decre, decree, from Old French decré (French décret), from Latin dēcrētum.

(religion) A predetermination made by God; an act of providence.


peregrination

en-noun

peregrination (countable and uncountable, plural peregrinations)

/ˌpɛɹɪɡɹɪˈneɪʃn̩/

/ˌpɛɹəɡɹəˈneɪʃ(ə)n/

From Late Middle English peregrinacioun, peregrinacion (“journey; pilgrimage; (figuratively) human journey through life”), from Anglo-Norman peregrinaciun (“human journey through life”), peregrination (“pilgrimage; overseas travel”), and Old French peregrinacion, peregrination (“pilgrimage; overseas travel”) (modern French pérégrination), and from their etymon Latin peregrīnātiō (“overseas sojourn or travel; (Late Latin) pilgrimage; sojourn; human journey through life”), from peregrīnātus (“living or travelling overseas”) + -iō (suffix forming abstract nouns). Peregrīnātus is the perfect passive participle of peregrīnor (“to live or travel overseas; to be overseas; to roam, rove; to be a stranger”), from peregrīnus (“alien, foreign; exotic”) (from peregrē̆ (“abroad; from abroad; heading abroad”) + -īnus (suffix forming adjectives meaning ‘of or pertaining to’)) + -or (suffix forming first-person singular present passive indicative verbs).

der

It is true our life in this world is not called a baniſhment any where in the Scripture: but a pilgrimage, a peregrination, a travell; but perigrinatio cum ignominia conjunctu, exilium; he that leaves his Countrey becauſe he was aſhamed, or afraid to return to it, or to ſtay in it, is a baniſhed man.

1618 April 22, John Donne, “A Sermon Preached at White-hall Aprill 12. 1618.”, in XXVI. Sermons (Never before Publish’d) Preached by that Learned and Reverend Divine John Donne, […], London: […] Thomas Newcomb, […], published 1661, →OCLC, page 179:

(countable, chiefly theology, archaic) A person's life regarded as a temporary stay on earth and a journey to the afterlife.


panentheism

Borrowed from German Panentheismus, coined by Karl Christian Friedrich Krause in 1828 from Ancient Greek πᾶν ἐν θεῷ (pân en theôi, “all in god”) + -ismus (“-ism”).

The third great age of humanity (das Reifalter) is that in which all its powers are fully and harmoniously developed... and in which panentheism is universally and cordially accepted as the only true and adequate doctrine either of science or of society.

1874, Robert Flint, The Philosophy of History in France and Germany, page 484:

Pantheism or panentheism... is condemned by the Church, as well as by the teachings of Schopenhauer and of the modern Hartmann.

1895, Benito Pérez Galdós, Doña perfecta, page 84:

This panentheistic doctrine contains all of deism and pandeism except their arbitrary negations. Thus ARCW, or absolute-relative panentheism, is the one doctrine that really states the whole of what all theists, if not all atheists as well, are implicitly talking about.

1964, Charles Hartshorne, Man's Vision of God and the Logic of Theism, page 348:

(philosophy, religion) A doctrine that the universe subsists within God, but that God nevertheless transcends or has some existence separate from the universe.

panenteisme

a doctrine that the universe is within God


pantheism

en-noun

pantheism (countable and uncountable, plural pantheisms)

From pan- + Ancient Greek θεός (theós, “god, divine”) + -ism. The term "pantheist" - of which "pantheism" is a variation - was purportedly first used by Irish writer John Toland in his 1705 work, Socinianism Truly Stated, by a pantheist. A critic of Toland, J. Fay, was the first to use the term "pantheism" in 1709, in Defensio Religionis.

der

(religion) The belief that the Universe is in some sense divine and should be revered. Pantheism identifies the universe with God but denies any personality or transcendence of such a God.

(rare, religion) The belief in all gods; omnitheism.


Holy Land

(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) That part of the Middle East, consisting mostly of Israel and Palestine, in which most Biblical events are set.

اَلْأَرْض اَلْمُقَدَّسَة

that part of Asia in which most Biblical events are set


merit

en-noun

merit (countable and uncountable, plural merits)

The noun is derived from Middle English merit, merite (“quality of person’s character or conduct deserving of reward or punishment; such reward or punishment; excellence, worthiness; benefit; right to be rewarded for spiritual service; retribution at doomsday; virtue through which Jesus Christ brings about salvation; virtue possessed by a holy person; power of a pagan deity”), from Anglo-Norman merit, merite, Old French merite (“moral worth, reward; merit”) (modern French mérite), from Latin meritum (“that which one deserves, deserts; benefit, reward, merit; service; kindness; importance, value, worth; blame, demerit, fault; grounds, reason”), neuter of meritus (“deserved, earned, obtained; due, proper, right; deserving, meritorious”), perfect passive participle of mereō (“to deserve, earn, obtain, merit; to earn a living”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mer- (“to allot, assign”). The English word is probably cognate with Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “component, part; portion, share; destiny, fate, lot”) and cognate with Old Occitan merit.
The verb is derived from Middle French meriter, Old French meriter (“to deserve, merit”) (modern French mériter), from merite: see further above. The word is cognate with Italian meritare (“to deserve, merit; to be worth; to earn”), Latin meritāre (“to earn regularly; to serve as a soldier”), Spanish meritar (“to deserve, merit; to earn”).

cog

to acquire or make merit

It is no small tax upon the people to support their [Buddhist] priests, but they do it with a willing heart. When I was once at the old capital, I saw a woman, from her own stock, feed more than fifty priests, who came to her in his turn, and received his portion. [...] If I had asked her why she thus spent so much of her living, her answer would have been, 'To make merit.'

1855 October, “Siamese Merit-making”, in The Church Missionary Gleaner, volume V (New Series), London: Seeley, Jackson and Halliday […], →OCLC, page 118:

At funerals, acts of sharing religious merit are central and relatives of the deceased make merit in order to ensure that the departed family member will have a favourable rebirth.

2015, Monica Lindberg Falk, “Communication across Boundaries”, in Post-Tsunami Recovery in Thailand: Socio-cultural Responses (The Modern Anthropology of Southeast Asia), Abingdon, Oxfordshire, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN, page 90:

(uncountable, Buddhism, Jainism) The sum of all the good deeds that a person does which determines the quality of the person's next state of existence and contributes to the person's growth towards enlightenment.

ကုသိုလ်

(Buddhism, Jainism) sum of all the good deeds that a person does


adultery

en-noun

adultery (countable and uncountable, plural adulteries)

With change of suffix, from the Old French adultere (“violation of conjugal faith”) (in Bernard of Clairvaux, Sermons, 12c.), a learnèd borrowing from Latin adulterium, from adulterō. Replaced the older form avoutrie, from the inherited Old French forms avouterie or aoulterie, while keeping its suffix. Compare French adultère (“adultery”). Displaced Old English ǣwbryċe. Not related to adult.

Thou shalt not commit adultery.

(biblical, broadly) Lewdness or unchastity of thought as well as act, as forbidden by the sixth/seventh commandment; sinful sexual behavior as a category.

زِنىً

lewdness or unchastity of thought as well as act, as forbidden by the seventh commandment

And it came to pass through the lightness of her whoredom, that she defiled the land, and committed adultery with stones and with stocks.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Jeremiah 3:9:

aviorikos

faithlessness in religion; as used in Jeremiah 3:9

(ecclesiastical) The intrusion of a person into a bishopric during the life of the bishop.


eon

(Gnosticism, usually spelled aeon or æon) A spirit being emanating from the Godhead.


enclosure

enclosure (countable and uncountable, plural enclosures)

/ɛnˈkloʊʒəɹ/

/ɪnˈkloʊʒəɹ/

From Middle English enclosure, from Old French enclosure, from enclore, from Latin inclūdere, inclūdō, from in- (“in”) + claudō (“to shut”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u- (“key, hook, nail”). Alike to inclusion.

inclosure

was as common as or more common until the early 1800s; now uncommon

(religion) The area of a convent, monastery, etc where access is restricted to community members.


ignorance

en-noun

ignorance (countable and uncountable, plural ignorances)

From Middle English ignoraunce, ignorance, from
From Old French ignorance, from Latin ignōrantia. By surface analysis, ignor(e) + -ance.

(religion, in the plural) Sins committed through ignorance.


Odin

→ Chinese: 奧丁／奥丁 (Àodīng)

→ Japanese: オーディン

Learned borrowing from Old Norse Óðinn (whence Icelandic Óðinn, Norwegian Nynorsk Oden), akin to Old High German Wodan and Old English Wōden. From Proto-Germanic *Wōdanaz, derived from Proto-Germanic *wōdaz (“rage, manic inspiration, furor poeticus”), from Proto-Indo-European *weh₂t- (“to be excited”). Compare Old Norse óðr (“rage”) and Dutch woede (“rage”) and woeden (“to rage”), Irish fáidh, Latin vātēs. Doublet of Woden and Wotan. Related to English wode.

der

interpretatio germanica
interpretatio germanica

(Norse mythology and paganism) A major Germanic god, often described as chief of the pantheon, in his Norse form a member of the Æsir, married to Frigg and associated with knowledge, poetry and war. Wednesday refers to him by way of interpretatio germanica.


concordance

en-noun

concordance (countable and uncountable, plural concordances)

From Old French concordance, from Late Latin concordantia.

c. 1857, Thomas Macaulay, "Paul Bunyan", contribution to the Encyclopaedia Britannica,
His knowledge of the Bible was such, that he might have been called a living concordance.

(chiefly biblical) An alphabetical verbal index showing the places in the text of a book where each principal word may be found, with its immediate context in each place.


Old Testament

From Middle English [Term?], calqued from Latin Vetus Testāmentum. Old refers to ancientness, not to obsolescence. Equivalent to a retronym, by comparison with the New Testament.

The Old Testament says that eating shellfish is a sin.

(religion, chiefly Christianity) The first major part of the Christian Bible, covering events before the coming of Christ, corresponding roughly to the Jewish Tanakh. Usually subdivided into the categories of law, history, poetry (or wisdom books), and prophecy.


New Testament

Holonym: Bible

Muslims believe that the Final Testament, the Quran, is a continuation of the New Testament.

(biblical, Christianity) The second half of the Christian Bible, which includes the four Gospels, the Book of Acts, the Epistles, and the Book of Revelation.


holocaust

The noun is derived from Middle English holocaust (“burnt offering”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman holocauste, Old French holocauste, olocauste (modern French holocaust), from Late Latin holocaustum, from Ancient Greek ὁλόκαυστον (holókauston), the neuter form of ὁλόκαυστος (holókaustos, “wholly burnt”), from ὅλος (hólos, “entire, whole”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *solh₂- (“whole”)) + καυστός (kaustós, “burnt”) (from καίω (kaíō, “to burn, burn up”); further etymology uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂w-).
The verb is derived from the noun. As regards verb sense 3 (“to subject (a group of people) to a holocaust”), compare the use of genocide as a verb.

ref

From Gerard Hoet (1728) Figures de la Bible, The Hague: Chez Pierre de Hondt, →OCLC.

inh

And the ſcribe ſayde vnto hym: well maſter⸝ thou haſt ſayde the trugthe⸝ thatt there ys one God⸝ and that there is none but he. And to love hym with all the herte⸝ and with all the mynde⸝ and with all the ſoule⸝ ãd with all the ſtrẽgthe. And to love a mans nehbour as hym ſilfe⸝ ys a greater thynge then all holocauſtꝭ [holocaustes] and ſacrifiſes.

1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, The Gospell off S. Marke xij:[32–33], folio lxiij, verso:

[…] Iſaac carried on his back the wood for the ſacrifice; which being an holocauſt or burnt offering to be conſumed unto aſhes, we cannot well conceive the wood a burthen for a boy; but ſuch a one unto Iſaac, as that which it typified was unto Chriſt, that is the wood or croſſe whereon he ſuffered; […]

1650, Thomas Browne, “Of the Picture of Abraham Sacrificing Isaac”, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […], →OCLC, 5th book, page 208:

In the firſt part whereof [i.e., of the inner court of the Temple of God mentioned in Revelation 11:1] is the Temple, which conſiſts of the Sanctum, and Sanctum Sanctorum, and in the latter part thereof ſtands the Altar of Holocauſts, which whole ſpace therefore is Thyſiaſterion, or the place of ſacrificing, and was not to be rendred Altar, but the place where the Altar ſtands.

1680, Henry More, chapter XI, in Apocalypsis Apocalypseos; or The Revelation of St John the Divine Unveiled. […], London: […] J. M. for J[ohn] Martyn, and W. Kettilby, […], →OCLC, page 101:

(religion) An offering or sacrifice to a deity that is completely burned to ashes.

مُحْرَقَة

Inſnar'd ſhe was in Shechems Treachery, / And, ſilly Mayden, ſuddenly became / An Holocauſt to Luſts unhappy Flame.

1648, Joseph Beaumont, “Canto XVII. The Mortification. Stanza 100.”, in Psyche: Or Loves Mysterie, […], London: […] John Dawson for George Boddington, […], →OCLC, page 322, column 2:

Oh! and with what a noble freeness on the contrary will not that good soldier, the worthy Spaniard present himself, who, wreathed with laurels, shall run after triumph to the altar of his august mother (his country), and offer up to her in holocaust, the arms and the banners of the vanquished foe; or else testify his bravery by his blood, and body all over glorious sears.

1808 August 6, “Spain. Proclamation to the Spanish warriors.”, in The Morning Chronicle, number 12,240, London: […] John Lambert […], →OCLC, page 2, column 3:

Is it because the Grand Seignior [of Turkey] does not recognise the religion of Christ, or because himself and his predecessors have so long enjoyed the privilege of shedding Christian blood at their pleasure? […] Surely the memorable facts of our [Greek] forefathers having created the arts and sciences, and propagated Christianity, furnish no good reason why their descendants should be offered up as holocausts to modern legitimacy!

1821 August 8, The Morning Chronicle, number 16,319, London: […] D[avid] Robertson, […], →OCLC, page 2, column 3:

(religion, also figuratively) A complete or large offering or sacrifice.


holocaust

en-verb

holocaust (third-person singular simple present holocausts, present participle holocausting, simple past and past participle holocausted)

holocausts (present singular third-person)
holocausting (participle present)
holocausted (participle past)
holocausted (past)

Such acts muſt needs be his, who did deviſe / By crying Altars down, to ſacrifice / To private malice; where you might have ſeen / His conſcience holocauſted to his ſpleen.

1647, [John Cleveland], “On I. W. A. B. of York”, in The Character of a London-diurnall: VVith Severall Select Poems. […], [London]: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 50:

In 1767 [Alexander] Pope's rhymed Iliad had been in everybody's hand during forty years. What portion of that period had Doctor [Samuel] Langley devoted to his own blank verse? Did he survive to compare and compete it with [William] Cowper's? Has it been holocausted to Vulcan? or is it slumbering in the Langleian archives?

1871 April 29, E. L. S., “A Forgotten Homerist”, in Notes and Queries: A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, General Readers, etc., volume VII, number 174 (4th Series), London: […] Spottiswoode & Co. [for] William Greig Smith, →OCLC, page 362, column 1:

Dionysus, once the great goat-god, turned into horned and hooved Satan, the scapegoat, who was banished (as the escape-goat) and later sacrificially burned (holocausted).

1995, Janice Hocker Rushing, “Evolution of ‘The New Frontier’ in Alien and Aliens: Patriarchal Co-optation of the Feminine Archetype”, in Joel W. Martin, Conrad E. Ostwalt Jr., editors, Screening the Sacred: Religion, Myth, and Ideology in Popular American Film, Boulder, Colo., Oxford, Oxfordshire: Westview Press, →ISBN, part 2 (Mythological Criticism), page 100:

Is it any wonder that the ruler of such a place would be worshipped with aversion rather than invocation? Or that the offering to underworld deities was traditionally an offering that was holocausted, completely burnt and given over to the god, as in the worship of the Olympians in their temples above?

1997, Kathie Carlson, Life’s Daughter/Death’s Bride: Inner Transformations through the Goddess Demeter/Persephone, Boston, Mass.: Shambhala Publications, →ISBN, page 109:

(religion, also figuratively) To sacrifice (chiefly an animal) to be completely burned.

polttouhrata

to sacrifice (an animal) to be completely burned


Baal

en-proper noun

Baal (countable and uncountable, plural Baals or Baalim)

From Late Latin Baal (as in the Vulgate) and Ancient Greek Βάαλ (Báal); from Hebrew בַּעַל (bá`al, “lord, husband, owner”), Phoenician 𐤁𐤏𐤋 (bʿl, “lord, master, owner”) and Ugaritic 𐎁𐎓𐎍 (baʿlu, “lord, owner”), all from Proto-Semitic *baʿl- (“owner, lord, husband”).

der

(mythology, biblical) A storm and fertility god of the Phoenician and Canaanite pantheons, reckoned as chief of the gods by the 1st millennium BC.

(mythology, biblical, sometimes lowercase) Various other Baalim, understood as distinct patron gods or as local patron aspects the great god Baal.


hierarch

From Medieval Latin hierarcha, from Ancient Greek ἱεράρχης (hierárkhēs) Derived from ἱερός (hierós, “holy”) + -άρχης (-árkhēs, “ruler”, “leader”).
ἱερός from Proto-Hellenic *iherós, from Proto-Indo-European *ish₁ros. There are a number of candidate cognates with this word. Compare Sanskrit इषिर (iṣira, “vigorous, fresh, blooming”) and Oscan 𐌀𐌉𐌔𐌖𐌔𐌉𐌔 (aisusis).

cog

(religion) One who has high and controlling authority in sacred things; the chief of a sacred order.

йерарх

one who has high and controlling authority in sacred things


old man

en-noun

old man (countable and uncountable, plural old men)

From Middle English alde mann, aldman, elde man, oldeman, from Old English eald man.

(theology, uncountable) Synonym of Old Adam


Lucifer

[ˈɫʉu̯ːsɪˌfɝ]

From Middle English Lucifer, from Latin Lūcifer (from lūx (“light”) + ferō (“bear, carry”)). Attested in Old English as Lūċifer. Replaced native calque lēohtberend (“lightbearer”) also from the same Latin source. Application of the name to Satan results from what is probably a misinterpretation of Isaiah 14:12 (whence also the corresponding sense of morning star).

der

(biblical) The King of Babylon who was compared to the planet Venus in first the Wycliffe version then the King James Version of Isaiah 14:12; it is unclear whether this verse refers to a specific king or to a representation of the entire line of kings of Babylon.


Judah

Borrowed from Biblical Hebrew יְהוּדָה (yehudá), a son of Jacob. Doublet of Judas and Yehuda.

bor+

Now the sons of Jacob were twelve: ²³ The sons of Leah; Reuben, Jacob's firstborn, and Simeon, and Levi, and Judah, and Issachar, and Zebulun: ²⁴ The sons of Rachel; Joseph, and Benjamin: ²⁵ And the sons of Bilhah, Rachel's handmaid; Dan, and Naphtali: ²⁶ And the sons of Zilpah, Leah's handmaid; Gad, and Asher: these are the sons of Jacob, which were born to him in Padan-aram.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 35:22b-26:

(biblical) The fourth son of Jacob, by his wife Leah; the father of Perez.

(biblical) One of the Israelite tribes, descended from Judah, from which David and his lineage came.

And they gave them the city of Arba the father of Anak, which city is Hebron, in the hill country of Judah, with the suburbs thereof round about it.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Joshua 21:11:

(biblical) The southern Israelite kingdom which continued to be ruled by the Davidic dynasty after Solomon's death and the breakup of the united monarchy, with the northern portion keeping the name Israel.


Matthew

From earlier Matheu, from Old French Mathieu, from Latin Matthaeus, from Ancient Greek Ματθαῖος (Matthaîos), from Aramaic מַתַּי (mattay). Compare Hebrew מַתִּתְיָהוּ (mattiṯyāhū, literally “gift of the Lord”). Doublet of Mattathias.

cog

מַתִּתְיָהוּ

(biblical) The Gospel of St. Matthew, the first book of the New Testament of the Bible. Traditionally the first of the four gospels, a book attributed to Matthew the Evangelist.


dhamma

en-noun

dhamma (countable and uncountable, plural dhammas)

Transliteration of Pali dhamma. Doublet of dharma and firm.


Satan

From Middle English Sathan, Satan, from Old English Satan, from Latin Satan, from Ancient Greek Σατάν (Satán), from Hebrew שָׂטָן (satán, “adversary, accuser”). Doublet of shaitan.

der

Many Satanists reject the notion that Satan is bad.

1 And he shewed me Ioshua the high Priest, standing before the Angel of the Lord, and Satan standing at his right hand to resist him.
2 And the Lord said vnto Satan; The Lord rebuke thee, O Satan, euen the Lord that hath chosen Ierusalem rebuke thee. Is not this a brand pluckt out of the fire?

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Zechariah 3:1–2:

Would you two please draw in a little closer?
No — no, that’s not a smile there. That’s a grin.
Satan, what ails you? Where’s the famous tongue,
Thou onetime Prince of Conversationists?

Having been captured by the forces of Christ, the souls are now attacked for the first time by their former captain in “Satans Rage at them in their Conversion.″ Satan′s basic line of attack is to accuse the souls of being unreliable converts. Just as the souls turned from Satan to Christ, so too they will turn back again when it suits them, says Satan.

1997, Martin Schuldiner, “Puritan Casuistry”, in Martin Schuldiner, editor, The Tayloring Shop: Essays on the Poetry of Edward Taylor in Honor of Thomas M. and Virginia L. Davis, page 125:

The conventional role of Satan in English mystery plays was the Trickster archetype adapted for a theatre that was both popular and religious but constrained by traditional Christian theology.
The Satan of the mystery plays was a Trickster, but a dignified one.

1998, Wendy Griswold, “8: The Devil, social change, and Jacobean theatre”, in Philip Smith, editor, The New American Cultural Sociology, page 127:

Biblical scholars tell us that the idea of a purely evil being like the Devil or Satan was a late development in the Bible. In the book of Job, Satan was the heavenly district attorney whose job it was to test the faith of those who, like Job, were specially blessed.
During the Persian conquest of the Israelites, the Satan of Job became fused with the Zoroastrian dualistic theology adopted by the Persians, where two opposing forces, one of good, Ahura Mazda, the Supreme Creator deity, was in a constant battle with Ahriman, the absolute god of evil. This polarized dualism was present in the theology of the Essenes and took hold in Christianity where God and his Son Jesus were in constant battle with the highest fallen angel, Satan, for human souls. This dualism persists today only in fundamentalist religions (Muslim terrorists, the Taliban, the extreme Christian Right and a major part of evangelical Christianity).

2005, John Bradshaw, Healing the Shame That Binds You, page 2:

Conversational journaling isn't for everyone, but it can be both exciting and rewarding. The key is to listen to the three voices in your head and be sure you can identify which one is yours, which one is God's, and which one is evil, Satan, the dark side, or whatever you call those forces that would deceive your spirit and soul.

2005, William Tenny-Brittian, “The Joy of Journaling”, in Prayer for People Who Can't Sit Still, Chalice Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 22:

(religion) The supreme evil spirit in the Abrahamic religions, who tempts humanity into sin; the Devil; (in Theistic Satanism) the same figure, regarded as a deity to be revered and worshipped.


monism

en-noun

monism (countable and uncountable, plural monisms)

The word was coined by German philosopher Baron Christian von Wolff and first used in English in 1862, from New Latin monismus, from Ancient Greek μόνος (mónos, “alone”). By surface analysis, mon- + -ism.

(philosophy, religion) The doctrine of the oneness and unity of reality, despite the appearance of diversity in the world.


anthropomorphism

anthropomorphism (countable and uncountable, plural anthropomorphisms)

/ˌænθɹəpəˈmɔɹfɪzəm/

Coined in the mid-1700s. From Ancient Greek ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos, “man, human”) and μορφή (morphḗ, “form, shape”). By surface analysis, anthropo- + -morphism.

surf

(theology) The attribution of human characteristics to divine entities.


Eber

(biblical) the son of Salah and the father of Joktan and Peleg.


fundamentalism

en-noun

fundamentalism (countable and uncountable, plural fundamentalisms)

From fundamental + -ism. Started being used in the 1910s by American Christians.
:* Colin Woodard (2011) chapter 24, in American nations:
"Christian fundamentalism appeared in North America in reaction to the liberal theologies that were becoming dominant in the northern nations. It took its name from The Fundamentals, a twelve-volume attack on liberal theology, evolution, atheism, socialism, Mormons, Catholics, Christian Scientists, and Jehovah’s Witnesses written by Appalachian Baptist preacher A. C. Dixon.”

(religion) The tendency to reduce a religion to its most fundamental tenets, based on strict interpretation of core texts.


pray

en-verb

pray (third-person singular simple present prays, present participle praying, simple past and past participle prayed)

prays (present singular third-person)
praying (participle present)
prayed (participle past)
prayed (past)

From Middle English preien, from Anglo-Norman preier, from Old French preier, proier (French prier), from Latin precārī, from prex, precis (“a prayer, a request”), from Proto-Italic *preks, from Proto-Indo-European *preḱ- (“to ask, woo”).
Cognate via Indo-European of Old English frignan, fricgan, German fragen, Dutch vragen. Compare deprecate, imprecate, precarious.

der

Muslims pray in the direction of Mecca.

Pray to the small gods and hope that they may hear thee. Yet what mercy should the small gods have, who themselves made Death and Pain; or shall they restrain their old hound Time for thee?

1905, Lord Dunsany [i.e., Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany], The Gods of Pegāna, London: [Charles] Elkin Mathews, […], →OCLC:

The critically low level of rainfall in the second half of 2020 – approaching 50% year on year for November – led the religious affairs directorate to instruct imams and their congregations to pray for rain last month.

2021 January 13, Bethan McKernan, “Turkey drought: Istanbul could run out of water in 45 days”, in The Guardian:

(religion) To direct words, thoughts, or one's attention to a deity or any higher being, for the sake of adoration, thanks, petition for help, etc.


genie

From French génie (“genius, genie”), a phono-semantic matching of Arabic جِنِّيّ (jinniyy).

psm

(Islam) A jinn, a being descended from the jann, normally invisible to the human eye, but who may also appear in animal or human form.


end times

Both Islam and Christianity have a strong eschatology (view of the end times) that comes from their worldview.

2004, William Wagner, How Islam Plans to Change the World, Kregel Publications, →ISBN, page 210:

The coming of the Mahdi during the end—times […]

2012, Henry Bayman, The Teachings of a Perfect Master, Page 169

(Islam) The days leading to the coming of the Mahdi, the Messiah or Judgment Day.


soteriology

en-noun

soteriology (countable and uncountable, plural soteriologies)

/səʊtɪəɹɪˈɒləd͡ʒi/

From Ancient Greek σωτηρία (sōtēría, “salvation”) + -ology, from σωτήρ (sōtḗr, “savior”).

af

BY the Soteriology of the Bible we mean the Doctrine of the Messiah's mediatorial work for man's salvation, as gradually revealed in Holy Scripture.

1876, John Pilkington Norris, Rudiments of Theology, E. P. Dutton, page 172:

1998 [Mohr Siebeck], Timo Eskola, Theodicy and Predestination in Pauline Soteriology, 2018, Wipf and Stock, page 302,
As we have seen during this study, most interpreters of Paul's theology have concluded that his soteriology is of a mystical nature.

2012, Richard Lints, 11: Soteriology, Kelly M. Kapic, Bruce L. McCormack (editors), Mapping Modern Theology, Baker Publishing Group (Baker Academic), page 264,
Transformationist soteriologies in the nineteenth century supposed that the transformation of individuals by the gospel surely impacted their relation to God while relational soteriologies of the same period inevitably discussed the implications of Christianity upon the character of those who believed it.

The issue of soteriology in the fourth gospel remains vexed.

2022, R. G. William Loader, Christology, Soteriology, and Ethics in John and Hebrews, Mohr Siebeck, page 139:

(theology) The study or doctrine of salvation.


Most High

(religion) One of the titles of God. Supreme, most magnificent.


Tara

(Buddhism) A female Buddha typically associated with Buddhist tantra practice as preserved in Tibetan Buddhism. She is the "mother of liberation", and represents the virtues of success in work and achievements.


aureole

/ˈɔː.ɹiː.əʊl/

From Middle English aureole, from Old French aureole, from Medieval Latin aureola (corona) ("golden (crown)").

(theology) Alternative form of aureola (“increment to blessedness”)


testimony

en-noun

testimony (countable and uncountable, plural testimonies)

PIE word
 *tréyes
Inherited from Middle English testimonie, from Old French testimonie, from Latin testimōnium (“testimony”).

inh+

(religion) In a church service (or religious service), a personal account, such as one's conversion, testimony of faith, or life testimony.


kindred

en-noun

kindred (countable and uncountable, plural kindreds)

From Middle English kyndrede, from older kynrede (“kindred”), from Old English cynrēd, cynrǣden (“kindred, family, stock”), from cynn (“kind, kin, lineage”) + -rǣden (“condition, state”). Equivalent to kin + -red, see these. The -d- is epenthetic between a nasal and a liquid (as e.g. in spindle).

We talked with Jonina about our kindred, Heathenry in the United States, Asatru in Iceland, and the details of our religious practice.[…]

2009, Mark Ludwig Stinson, Heathen Gods: A Collection of Essays Concerning the Folkway of Our People, page 174:

Your chosen kindred or other group is a Venn circle that contains you, but it may not be the same circle as your family.

2013 November 8, Patricia M. Lafayllve, A Practical Heathen's Guide to Asatru, Llewellyn Worldwide, →ISBN, page 117:

Not all, but many people believe that if you're not in a kindred, then you are not a real Norse Pagan or heathen.

2019 May 20, Theodoric Dukka, A Heathen's Guide: Experiences & Advice On Magic & Spiritworking, →ISBN, page 101:

(countable, Germanic paganism) A household or group following the modern pagan faith of Heathenry or Ásatrú.


harvest

harvest (countable and uncountable, plural harvests)

From Middle English harvest, hervest, from Old English hærfest (“autumn, harvest-time; August”), from Proto-West Germanic *harbist, from Proto-Germanic *harbistaz (“harvest-time, autumn, fall”), from *harbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *kerp-.
Cognates:
Cognate with Sylt North Frisian Hārefst, West Frisian hjerst, Dutch herfst, German Herbst, German Low German Harvst, Danish and Norwegian Bokmål høst, Norwegian Nynorsk haust; further with Latin carpere (“to seize”), Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós, “fruit”), κείρω (keírō, “to cut off”).

inh

(paganism) A modern pagan ceremony held on or around the autumn equinox, which is in the harvesting season.


Chaldean

From Ancient Greek Χαλδαῖος (Khaldaîos).


deicide

en-noun

deicide (countable and uncountable, plural deicides)

(Christianity, theology) The crucifixion of Jesus, viewed as a crime.


correspondence

correspondence (countable and uncountable, plural correspondences)

From Middle English correspondence, from Latin correspondentia. By surface analysis, correspond + -ence.

Congruity or similarity between different things, people, etc:

(theology, Swedenborgianism) A similarity between physical and spiritual things (e.g. light to wisdom, or warmth to love)


revealed

(religion) Of or pertaining to the revelations of a divinity to humankind.


polity

polity (countable and uncountable, plural polities)

From Middle French politie, from Latin polītīa, from Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía, “polity, policy, the state”). Doublet of policy and police.

der

Church polity was a topic of fierce dispute in 17th-century Britain.

Once exposed, Confucianism was to become a political issue, an alternative among other contending ideologies which threatened to change the polity of the empire.

1979, Jerome Ch’en, China and the West: Society and Culture, 1815–1937, page 270:

The utopian community at Ephrata flourished for forty years, and the last celibates at Ephrata died after the turn of the century. It had continuing influences reaching far into the nineteenth century, and in some measure anticipated Mormon polity and cosmology.

1994, John L. Brooke, The Refiner’s Fire: The Making of Mormon Cosmology, 1644–1844, →ISBN, page 42:

Of course, other visions of Buddhist polity and its relationship to monastic life have occurred throughout the Buddhist world. For example in the seventeenth century Tibetan Buddhists successfully established a theocracy under the guidance of monks […]

2011, Jason A. Carbine, Sons of the Buddha: Continuities and Ruptures in a Burmese Monastic Tradition, →ISBN, page 9, note 26:

(politics, religion, usually uncountable) Organizational structure and governance, especially of a state or a religion.


dedicate

From Latin dēdicātus, past participle of dēdicō (“I dedicate, proclaim”).

Glancing at the crowd of onlookers, she said, “I know that service at the dining hall will be over soon”—instantly a few dedicates and all of the novices hurried away—“and some of us here would like to prepare our own meal.” […] Out of sight of the dedicates, she climbed over the short fence and escaped to Winding Circle's biggest library.

2011 September 1, Tamora Pierce, Circle of Magic #1: Sandry's Book, Scholastic Inc., →ISBN:

Initiation—When a dedicate is seen on all levels to be learning and doing more as they participate in the circle and aids with rituals and/or divination, an initiation is decided on with the priest or priestess and dedicate.

2015 April 8, Dracaena Paxx, The Sacred Spiral: Unlocking Ones Infinite Potential, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN:

Through this rune of compassion, feelings of pain are transferred from the dedicates to Fallion. Lord Despair then proceeds to torture the dedicates so that Fallion would feel the pain of the tortures without being physically harmed[…]

2019 November 14, Charul Palmer-Patel, The Shape of Fantasy: Investigating the Structure of American Heroic Epic Fantasy, Routledge, →ISBN:

Rowan Cortak stood with the rest of the dedicates.

2022 September 27, Chad Corrie, The Wizard King Trilogy Boxed Set, Dark Horse Books, →ISBN, page 24:

(chiefly fantasy and paganism) One who dedicates themselves, or who is dedicated, to the service of some leader, religion, etc.


miscreant

en-adj

miscreant (comparative more miscreant, superlative most miscreant)

more miscreant (comparative)
most miscreant (superlative)

From Middle English myscreaunt, miscreaunt, from Old French mescreant (1080) "mis-believer", present participle of mescreire "to misbelieve" (modern mécroire).

(theology) Holding an incorrect religious belief.


miscreant

Now wil the Chriſtian miſcreants be glad,
Ringing with ioy their ſuperſtitious belles:
And making bonfires for my ouerthrow.
But ere I die thoſe foule Idolaters
Shall make me bonfires with their filthy bones, […]

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act III, scene iii:

Arise thou cursed Miscreaunt,
That hast with knightlesse guile and trecherous train
Faire knighthood fowly shamed

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto IV”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 41:

Before thine eyes, thou mild and blessed one, said he, half aloud, are these miscreants daring to hold their market, and trafficking in their hellish drugs

1825, Thomas De Quincey, “The Love-charm”, in Quarterly Magazine, Knight:

(theology) One who holds a false religious belief; a misbeliever.

فَاسِق

one who holds a false religious belief; an unbeliever


Exodus

From Latin Exodus, from Ancient Greek ἔξοδος (éxodos), from ἐξ (ex, “out of”) + ὁδός (hodós, “way”).

(biblical) The departure of the Hebrew slaves from Egypt under the leadership of Moses.

(biblical) The second of the Books of Moses in the Old Testament of the Bible, the second book in the Torah describing the Exodus.

ኦሪት ዘጸአት

ʾorit zäṣäʾät


householder

From Middle English housholdere, equivalent to household + -er. The Buddhist sense is a semantic loan from Pali gahapati (literally “house-master”).

semantic loan

(Buddhism, Hinduism) A layperson, lay devotee, gahapati, grihastha.


apocatastasis

From Latin, from Ancient Greek ἀποκατάστασις (apokatástasis, “restoration, reëstablishment”), from ἀποκαθίστημι (apokathístēmi, “to stand up again”), from ἀπό- (apó-, “back again”) + καθίστημι (kathístēmi, “I set, place, constitute, appoint”), from κατά- (katá-, “down, for”) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “I set, stand, establish”).

uder

ἀποκατάστασις

The Egyptians were the first assertors of the soul's immortality, and of its transmigration, after the death and corruption of this body, into the bodies of other animals successively, viz. until it have run round through the whole circuit of terrestrial, marine, and volatile animals, after which, they say, it is to return again into a human body; they supposing this revolution or apocatastasis of souls to be made in no less space than that of three thousand years.

1678, Julius Firmicus, translated by Ralph Cudworth, The true intellectual system of the universe, I iv 328:

If anyone shall say that all reasonable beings will one day be united in one, when the hypostases as well as the numbers and the bodies shall have disappeared,... moreover, that in this pretended apocatastasis, spirits only will continue to exist... let him be anathema.
A Tradition...concerning the Apocatastasis of the World...partly by Inundation and partly by Conflagration.

1885, Philip Schaff translating the anathemas confirmed by the 553 C.E. Second Ecumenical Council in The Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers

The Stoic idea was based upon an astronomical doctrine according to which the return (apokatastasis) of the planets to their proper "celestial signs" initiates the conflagration (ekpurôsis), which is the reduction of the entire cosmos to its primal element (fire), after which follows the rebirth of all existing things.

2003 January, Edward Moore, Origen of Alexandria and apokatastasis: Some Notes on the Development of a Noble Notion:

(rare) Restoration, renovation, reestablishment, particularly:

(especially religion, rare) An apocalypse leading to the remaking of the world rather than a Final Judgment, (Christianity) an Origenist doctrine condemned by the 543 C.E. Synod of Constantinople.

اِسْتِعَادَة كُلِّيَّة

the doctrine that an apocalypse will lead to the remaking of the world rather than a Final Judgment

No doctrine...contradicts the Holy Scripture in a more unwarrantable manner than that of the so-called Apokatastasis.

1867, R.E. Wallis translating F.J. Delitzsch, A system of Biblical psychology, VII 552

Apocatastasis, A name given in the history of theology to the doctrine which teaches that a time will come when all free creatures will share in the grace of salvation.

1907, Pierre Batiffol, The Catholic Encyclopedia:

(religion) The doctrine that all souls will enter heaven or paradise, (Christianity) an Origenist doctrine condemned by the 543 C.E. Synod of Constantinople.


canonical

en-adj

canonical (comparative more canonical, superlative most canonical)

more canonical (comparative)
most canonical (superlative)

(religion) In conformity with canon law.

(religion) Of or pertaining to an ecclesiastical chapter

kanoninen

(religion) of or pertaining to an ecclesiastical chapter


judgment

en-noun

judgment (countable and uncountable, plural judgments)

From Middle English juggement, borrowed from Old French jugement, from Late Latin iūdicāmentum, from Latin iūdicō. Displaced native doom.
Morphologically judge + -ment

(theology) The final award; the last sentence.

oordeel

(theology) final award; the last sentence


c-decay

c, the symbol used in physics for the speed of light + decay

(creationism, pseudoscience) The discredited theory that the speed of light has decreased over time, proposed by creationists in order to support the belief that the universe is a few thousand years old even though there are objects visible today that are billions of light years away (whereas a constant speed of light would indicate that the universe is billions of years old and so contradict this belief).


solemn

en-adj

solemn (comparative solemner or more solemn, superlative solemnest or most solemn)

solemner (comparative)
more solemn (comparative)
solemnest (superlative)
most solemn (superlative)

From Middle English solempne, solemne (“performed with religious ceremony or reverence; devoted to religious observances, sacred; ceremonious, formal; of a vow: made under a religious sanction, binding; religious celebration, celebration of a feast day; famous, well-known; important; grand, imposing; awe-inspiring, impressive; grave, serious; dignified; enunciated or held formally”) [and other forms], from Old French solempne, solemne (“serious, solemn”) [and other forms], or from its etymon Late Latin sōlempnis, sōlennis, from Latin sōlemnis, from sollemnis (“appointed, established, fixed; common, customary, ordinary, ritual, traditional, usual; ceremonial, religious, solemn; festive; annual, yearly”) [and other forms]. The further etymology is uncertain; sollus (“entire, whole”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *solh₂- (“whole”)) + epulum (“banquet, feast”) (in the sense of a ritual; perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (“to eat”)) has been suggested.

nb...

solem, solemp, solempe, solempn, sollempne, solom, solen, solenne, sollen, sollene

(religion, specifically Christianity) Of or pertaining to religious ceremonies and rites; (generally) religious in nature; sacred.

церемониален

of or pertaining to religious ceremonies and rites


stupa

From Sanskrit स्तूप (stūpa). Doublet of tope.

He mounded so much honey on the top of the buns that they looked like miniature stupas.

(Buddhism) A dome-shaped Buddhist monument, used to house relics of the Lord Buddha.


validity

en-noun

validity (countable and uncountable, plural validities)

From valid + -ity, borrowed from Middle French validité, from Late Latin validitas.

(Christianity, theology) The genuinity, as distinguished from the efficacity or the regularity, of a sacrament as a result of some formal dispositions being fulfilled.


Evil One

Sometimes the assistance of the Devil or his demons was sought without the magician wishing to go so far as to give up his soul to the Evil One.

1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 149:


Eid

From Arabic عِيد (ʕīd, “feast, holiday, festival”) via Persian عید ('eyd), ultimately from Classical Syriac ܥܐܕܐ.

bor

(Islam) Any of various Muslim religious festivals.


apophasis

en-noun

apophasis (countable and uncountable, plural apophases)

Via Late Latin apophasis from Ancient Greek ἀπόφασις (apóphasis, “denial, negation”) from ἀπο- (apo-, “away, from, off”) + φάσις (phásis, “statement, proposition”) from φημί (phēmí, “to speak”) from Proto-Hellenic *pʰā́mā from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂; whence Latin fārī, cognate to fame, fable.

af

(Christianity, philosophy, theology) A process of arriving at knowledge by statements of denial; particularly, developing a concept of God through negative assertions about his nature.


stall

From Middle English stall, stalle, from Old English steall (“standing place, position”), from Proto-Germanic *stallaz, from Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to place, put, post, stand”).

der

In a private rite, a ring is drawn on the ground around a harrow or before an indoor stall.

1989, Edred Thorsson, A Book of Troth, Llewellyn Publications, →ISBN, page 156:

Some Asatruar kindreds call their indoor altars stalls and their outdoor altars harrows.

2006, Selene Silverwind, “Asatruar Tools and Practices”, in Everything you need to know about Paganism, David & Charles, →ISBN, page 117:

Stalli (STAL-i) - Altar.

2006, Mark Puryear, The Nature of Asatru: An Overview of the Ideals and Philosophy of the Indigenous Religion of Northern Europe, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 237:

(Germanic paganism) An Heathen altar, typically an indoor one, as contrasted with a more substantial outdoor harrow.


impute

en-verb

impute (third-person singular simple present imputes, present participle imputing, simple past and past participle imputed)

imputes (present singular third-person)
imputing (participle present)
imputed (participle past)
imputed (past)

Borrowed from Middle French imputer, from Latin imputō (“to bring into the reckoning, charge, impute”).

der

To use the technical language of theologians, God through his grace "imputes" the merits of the crucified and risen Christ to a fallen human being who remains without inherent merit, and who without this "imputation" would not be "made" righteous at all.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin (2010), page 607:

(transitive, theology) To ascribe (sin or righteousness) to someone by substitution.


Sophia

Holy Wisdom
Sophia
Sophia of Rome
sophia (wisdom)

Chiefly from Latin Sophia, from Ancient Greek Σοφία (Sophía), from σοφία (sophía, “wisdom”), especially in reference to holy or divine wisdom under the influence of Biblical Hebrew חוכמה (khokhmá), to the early martyr St. Sophia, and to many figures of European royalty and nobility. Also used as a calque for the many cognate forms, such as Italian Sofia, Russian Софи́я (Sofíja), Polish Zofia, etc.

(Gnosticism) An aeon (a form of divine being) in the Gnostic tradition.


Eris

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἔρις (Éris), from ἔρις (éris, “strife”).
See also Eris (mythology) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia and Eris (dwarf planet) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

pedia

(Greek mythology) The goddess of discord and strife, whose apple of discord sparked events that eventually led to the Trojan War; equated by Homer with Enyo (goddess of violent war) and identified with the Roman goddess Discordia;

The goddess of discord and strife, whose apple of discord sparked events that eventually led to the Trojan War; equated by Homer with Enyo (goddess of violent war) and identified with the Roman goddess Discordia;
(religion, Discordianism) the same figure as principal deity of Discordianism, regarded as the goddess of disorder.


halo

From Latin halōs, from Ancient Greek ἅλως (hálōs, “threshing floor; disk; disk of the sun or moon; ring of light around the sun or moon”), of unknown origin. The threshing floor's circular threshold or oxen walking on it in a circle gave rise to the other meanings. Used in English since 1563; the sense of light around someone’s head since 1646.

der

massive astronomical compact halo object

massive astrophysical compact halo object

(religion) nimbus, a luminous disc, often of gold, around or over the heads of saints, etc., in religious paintings.

ореол

luminous disc around the heads of saints

aureole

luminous disc around head of saints in paintings

(art, religion, iconography) a circular annulus ring, frequently luminous, often golden, floating above the head


pneumatic

From Latin pneumaticus, from Ancient Greek πνευματικός (pneumatikós, “relating to wind or air”), from πνεῦμα (pneûma, “wind, air, breath, spirit”), from πνέω (pnéō, “I blow, breath”).

(Gnosticism) In the gnostic theologian Valentinus' triadic grouping of man, the highest type; a person focused on spiritual reality (the other two being hylic and psychic).


Sati

(Buddhism) mindfulness, as in anapanasati; A state of mind in meditation


heresy

en-noun

heresy (countable and uncountable, plural heresies)

From Middle English heresie, from Old French heresie (modern hérésie), from Latin haeresis, from Ancient Greek αἵρεσις (haíresis, “choice, system of principles”), from αἱρέομαι (hairéomai, “to take for oneself, to choose”), the middle voice of αἱρέω (hairéō, “to take”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ser-; see also Welsh herw (“theft, raid”), Ancient Greek στερέω (steréō, “to deprive of”).

cog

Heresy meant deliberate departure from the accepted doctrines of the church. It was intellectual and spiritual dissent and concerned the beliefs of Christianity, not the morals of its adherents.

1968, History of Western Civilization, edited by Heyes, Baldwin & Cole, p.47. Macmillan. Library of Congress 67–13596

(religion) A doctrine held by a member of a religion at variance or conflict with established religious beliefs.


mandala

Borrowed from Sanskrit मण्डल (máṇḍala). Doublet of mandal.

(Hinduism, Buddhism) A graphic depiction of the spiritual universe and its myriad realms and deities.

(Hinduism, Buddhism) Any ritualistic geometric design, symbolic of the Universe, used as an aid to meditation.


garth

Inherited from Middle English garth, from Old Norse garðr, from Proto-Germanic *gardaz, thus cognate with Old English ġeard, whence the English doublet yard.

The Candidate for membership of Hof, Garth or Hearth shall hold an Armill, or he may touch an unsheathed Sword throughout the ceremony.

2014 November 18, Stubba, The Book of Blots, page 102:

(Germanic paganism) A group or a household dedicated to the pagan faith of Heathenry.

(Germanic paganism) A location or sacred space, in ritual and poetry in modern Heathenry.


sutra

Borrowed from Sanskrit सूत्र (sū́tra, “thread, yarn, string; rule”). Doublet of sutta; more distantly related to sew and suture.

bor

Shepard: This Code of the Justicar seems central to your life.
Samara: It is five thousand sutras, and covers every situation one can encounter. I have memorized every word. There is only the Code.

2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Normandy SR-2:

(Buddhism, Hinduism) A scriptural narrative, especially a discourse of the Buddha.


Luke

From Latin Lūcās, from Koine Greek Λουκᾶς (Loukâs). See the Greek entry for more.

כרוזותא דלוקא

Kārōzūtā’ d'Lūqā’

ܟܪܘܙܘܬܐ ܕܠܘܩܐ

Kārōzūtā’ d'Lūqā’

Soiscéal Naofa Íosa Críost de réir Lúcáis

(biblical) The Gospel of St. Luke, a book of the New Testament of the Bible. Traditionally the third of the four gospels.


baramin

From Biblical Hebrew בָּרָא (bārāˀ, “he created”) + מיִן (mīʸn, “kind”) (misunderstood to mean "created kind"), coined by American creationist Frank Lewis Marsh in 1941.

coin

(creationism) A set of organisms descended from some originally created species (based on the Biblical doctrine of Special Creation); a kind.


smudge

en-noun

smudge (countable and uncountable, plural smudges)

Derived from the verb (see below). Doublet of smutch.

Devil's dirt or asafetida ground together with fenugreek and black cumin seed is used as a smudge against witches and […]

2006, Christian Rätsch, Claudia Müller-Ebeling, Pagan Christmas: The Plants, Spirits, and Rituals, →ISBN:

(paganism, especially in the phrase "smudge stick" = "stick of incense") A quantity of herbs used in suffumigation.


smudge

en-verb

smudge (third-person singular simple present smudges, present participle smudging, simple past and past participle smudged)

smudges (present singular third-person)
smudging (participle present)
smudged (participle past)
smudged (past)

From Middle English *smogen (attested in the gerund smogynge (“soiling, smudging”)), of obscure origin. Compare Middle English besmudded, bismuddet (“filthy”), Middle English smod (“filth, obscene behaviour”), Middle Dutch smoddich (“filthy, dirty”), German schmutzig (“dirty, filthy”).

unc

obscure

cog

(paganism, intransitive) To burn herbs as a cleansing ritual (suffumigation).

This is easily done using incense to smudge yourself or taking a cleansing bath. To smudge your body use an incense mixture such as sandalwood, lavender, frankincense or myrrh.

2013, Rachel Patterson, Pagan Portals - Hoodoo: Folk Magic, →ISBN:

(paganism, transitive) To subject to ritual burning of herbs (suffumigation, smudging).


jihad

en-noun

jihad (countable and uncountable, plural jihads)

jihad Wikiquote (canonical)
jihads (plural)

/ˈd͡ʒiːhɑːd/

From Arabic جِهَاد (jihād, “struggle; effort”).

bor

Young Iraqis of both sects obeyed the imams' ruling last week by rushing to conscription offices in hot, dirty, dusty Bagdad to offer themselves or their money for the jihad.

Small groups of killers, the scent of blood in their nostrils, now fanned out by taxi, bicycle or even on horseback into the surrounding countryside, spreading the word that a general jihad, or ‘holy war’, had broken out.

1977, Alistair Horne, A Savage War of Peace, New York: Review Books, published 2006, page 26:

The Jabhat al-Nusra media, with songs about jihad and martyrdom, is extremely influential.

2013 May 8, Mona Mahmood, Ian Black, The Guardian:

(Islam) A holy war undertaken by Muslims.

(Islam, theology) A personal spiritual struggle for self-improvement and/or against evil.


palingenesis

en-noun

palingenesis (countable and uncountable, plural palingeneses)

/ˌpælɪnˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/

/ˌpælɪnˈd͡ʒɛnəsəs/

Probably a variant of palingenesia + -genesis (suffix meaning ‘origin; production’). Palingenesia is a learned borrowing from Late Latin palingenesia (“rebirth; regeneration”), from Koine Greek παλιγγενεσία (palingenesía, “rebirth”), from Ancient Greek πᾰ́λῐν (pálin, “again, anew, once more”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to turn (end-over-end); to revolve around; to dwell, sojourn”)) + γένεσις (génesis, “creation; manner of birth; origin, source”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to beget; to give birth; to produce”)) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā, suffix forming feminine abstract nouns). By surface analysis, palin- + genesis.
Sense 2 (“apparent repetition, during the development of a single embryo, of changes that occurred previously in the evolution of its species”) is from German Palingenesis; while sense 3 (“regeneration of magma by the melting of metamorphic rocks”) is from Swedish palingenes. Both are derived from the Greek word: see above.
The plural form is probably from palingenesis + Latin genesēs (a plural form of genesis).

der

παλιγγενεσία

a plural form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">genesis</i>

[I]t was averred that all germs, or ova, were originally created—each thing living at this hour, having proceeded from a germ which was included within the germ of its antecedent, back as far as the original creation; […] This evolution doctrine was opposed by the Pythagorean idea of a palingenesis, or metempsychosis, under which notion you are to suppose that the animating principle that has heretofore animated the bodies of the living, seeks a new union with organizable matter, upon the dissolution of its last tabernacle, and carries on the new evolution until again displaced, and set free to make new combinations.

1848, Charles D[elucena] Meigs, “Letter XXIX”, in Females and Their Diseases; a Series of Letters to His Class, Philadelphia, Pa.: Lea and Blanchard, →OCLC, page 387:

To appear again as identically the same, would require the palingenesis of Plato, that is, the recommencement of all things, so as to have the same series of causes and effects from the very beginning; but this creed implies the finality of God's power in the phenomenal universe, and Plato never thought that.

1849 October, R. H. Whitelocke, “Art. V.—1. Der Mensch nach den verschiedenen Seiten seiner Natur, order Anthropologie für das gebildete Publikum. Von K. F. Burdach. Stuttgart. 1836. […] [book review]”, in The Westminster Review, American edition, volume LII, New York, N.Y.: Leonard Scott & Co., […], published 1850, →OCLC, page 65, column 2:

But by the light of [Xavier] Bichat and Bell's discoveries, we can see one way to a theory of a Palingenesis of man, in which the flesh and blood of St. Paul, the animal life of Bichat, is eliminated, and the pneumatical body or organic life, the senso-motor nervous system, as distinct from the mere ganglionic, is retained.

1868, J[ohn] B[ickford] Heard, “The Resurrection and Spiritual Body”, in The Tripartite Nature of Man: Spirit, Soul, and Body […], 2nd edition, Edinburgh: T[homas] & T[homas] Clark, […], →OCLC, page 345:

(uncountable, also figuratively) Rebirth; regeneration; (countable) an instance of this.

(philosophy, theology, historical) Spiritual rebirth through the transmigration of the soul.

palingeneziya

spiritual rebirth through the transmigration of the soul


karma

en-noun

karma (countable and uncountable, plural karmas)

Borrowed from Sanskrit कर्मन् (kárman, “act, action, performance”), first attested in English in 1785 in a translation of the Bhagavad Gita by Charles Wilkins.

bor

‘We are all part of a circle of karma. We will be rewarded for the good deeds of our forefathers, and pay the price for their sins.’

2023, Santanu Bhattacharya, One Small Voice, Fig Tree, pages 59-60:

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) The sum total of a person's actions, which determine the person's next incarnation in samsara, the cycle of death and rebirth.

كَارْمَا

the total effect of a person’s actions and conduct during the successive phases of his existence


irenic

en-adj

irenic (comparative more irenic, superlative most irenic)

more irenic (comparative)
most irenic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek εἰρηνικός (eirēnikós, “characterized by peace, peaceful”) + English -ic (suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘of or pertaining to’). Εἰρηνικός (Eirēnikós) is derived from εἰρήνη (eirḗnē, “peace”) (possibly from εἴρω (eírō, “to fasten together”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“(verb) to bind, tie together; (noun) thread”)), or εἴρω (eírō, “to say, speak”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *werh₁- (“to say, speak”))) + -ῐκός (-ikós, suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘of or pertaining to’).

der

Plato and the Athenians must have felt almost as uncomfortable with Xenophon's irenic intervention as one feels at times in an argument when—just as the point in dispute, precisely by being brought to a head, begins to be interesting—a helpful third party kindly takes it upon himself to reconcile the disputants, to take the whole matter back to a triviality

1989 [1830 October 30], Søren Kierkegaard, translated by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, On the Concept of Irony with Continual Reference to Socrates, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, →ISBN:

The idea that the Jews of the region are not genetically distinct from other peoples of the area should be an irenic insight.

2001 November 30, Hywel Williams, “God the state-builder”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-05-06:

The philosophes contrasted their own irenic calls for tolerance with the church's historical record as the perennial source of cruelty and fanaticism.

2002, Colin Jones, “An Enlightening Age”, in The Great Nation: France from Louis XV to Napoleon 1715–99, New York, N.Y., Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 199:

The current comity between the United States and China, which have little in common except a river of manufactured goods in one direction and dollars in the other, is a recent reminder of the irenic effects of trade.

2011, Steven Pinker, The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence has Declined, New York, N.Y.: Penguin Books, published 2012, →ISBN, page 343:

(chiefly theology) Promoting or fitted to promote peace or peacemaking, especially over disputes; conciliatory, non-confrontational, peaceful.

миротворен

promoting or fitted to promote peace or peacemaking, especially over disputes — see also conciliatory


Judith

→ Cebuano: Judith

Ultimately from Hebrew יְהוּדִית (Y'hudít, “woman from Judea, Jewess”). Doublet of Yehudit.

And Judith was left along in the tent, and Holofernes lying along upon his bed: for he was filled with wine. --- And she smote twice upon his neck with all her might, and she took away his head from him.

(biblical) The protagonist of the Biblical book of Judith.

And Esau was forty years old when he took to wife Judith the daughter of Beeri the Hittite, and Bashemath the daughter of Elon the Hittite: Which were a grief of mind unto Isaac and to Rebekah.


mufti

en-noun

mufti (countable and uncountable, plural muftis)

Ultimately from Arabic مُفْتِي (muftī, “fatwa-deliverer”, literally “deliverer of formal opinion”).

der

Mujtahidd's online claims have prompted an aggressive backlash against social media from the Saudi religious establishment. The grand mufti of Saudi Arabia, Sheikh Abdul-Aziz al-Sheikh, said in January that Twitter was a platform for "promoting lies" and a "dangerous practice" that should be avoided by Muslims. Commentators have described the phenomenon as symbolic of the growing political debate about use of Twitter in Saudi Arabia.

2012 April 19, Josh Halliday, “Free speech haven or lawless cesspool – can the internet be civilised?”, in the Guardian:

(countable, Islam) A Muslim scholar and interpreter of sharia law, who can deliver a fatwa.


institute

en-verb

institute (third-person singular simple present institutes, present participle instituting, simple past and past participle instituted)

institutes (present singular third-person)
instituting (participle present)
instituted (participle past)
instituted (past)

From Middle English, from Latin īnstitūtus, past participle of īnstituō (“I set up, place upon, purpose, begin, institute”), from in (“in, on”) + statuō (“set up, establish”).

a writ issued to the bishop, to institute the clerk of that patron

1765–1769, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, (please specify |book=I to IV), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC:

(ecclesiastical, law) To invest with the spiritual charge of a benefice, or the care of souls.


salvation

en-noun

salvation (countable and uncountable, plural salvations)

From Middle English savacioun, from Old French savaciun, salvaciun, from Latin salvātiō. Displaced native Old English hǣlu.

Collective salvation is not possible without personal salvation, but the latter is achievable.

(religion) The process of being saved, the state of having been saved (from hell).


wog

The origins are not entirely clear. The term was first noted by the lexicographer F.C. Bowen in 1929, in his Sea Slang: a dictionary of the old-timers’ expressions and epithets, where he defines wogs as "lower class Babu shipping clerks on the Indian coast."
The most common theory is that it is a clipping of golliwog, which was first used as the name of a black-faced doll in Florence Upton’s 1895 book The Adventures of Two Dutch Dolls and a Golliwogg. A variety of folk etymologies exist, with the most common claiming that the word is an acronym for one of either westernized, worthy, wily, or wonderful preceding “Oriental gentlemen”. Another erroneous claim is that it was used in the mid 1800s, with WOGS (meaning Working On Government Service) stencilled on the shirts of Indian workers in Egypt.
The Scientologist sense is from the usage of L. Ron Hubbard, who apparently accepted the folk etymology from “worthy Oriental gentleman” but employed the term to mean “common ordinary run-of-the-mill garden-variety humanoid”.

perker

an offensive term for a dark-skinned person

So yes, they do keep records, but no they are not 'accurate' in the wog world meaning of the word.

1998 December 31, Hartley Patterson, “Documented Membership??”, in alt.religion.scientology (Usenet), message-ID <76gomd$tae$1@news4.svr.pol.co.uk>:

I'm of course talking about Hubbard's books (including Book One) being extensively rewritten, and Scn's decision to remove any mention of LRH from materials intended for wogs.

2007 June 21, Dave Touretzky, “date correction for DM's big revelation”, in alt.religion.scientology (Usenet), message-ID <467ab5da$1@news2.lightlink.com>:

At the Org there were mixed feelings towards wogs because, at any given time, there were wogs in our midst. Wogs coming in off the street in search of Scientology services were looked upon favourably […]

2012, Bruce Clark, Love, Sex, Fleas, God:

(Scientology, often attributive) A person who is not a Scientologist.


psychic

From Ancient Greek ψυχικός (psukhikós, “relative to the soul, spirit, mind”). Earlier referred to as "psychical"; or from Ancient Greek ψυχή (psukhḗ, “soul, mind, psyche”). First appeared (as substantive) 1871 and first records 1895.

uder

(Gnosticism) In gnostic theologian Valentinus' triadic grouping of man the second type; a person focused on intellectual reality (the other two being hylic and pneumatic).

psyykikko

person focused on intellectual reality (Gnosticism)


Seth

From Ancient Greek Σήθ (Sḗth), from Biblical Hebrew שֵׁת (Šet, literally “chosen one, appointed, placed”).

der

And Adam lived an hundred and thirty years, and begat a son in his own likeness, after his image; and called his name Seth:

(biblical) The third son of Adam and Eve.


Jewish calendar

(religion, Judaism) A lunisolar calendar used for Jewish religious observance and as an official calendar of the State of Israel.


God-fearing

en-adj

God-fearing (comparative more God-fearing, superlative most God-fearing)

more God-fearing (comparative)
most God-fearing (superlative)

From God + fearing, likely a continuation (in altered form) of earlier Middle English goddfrihti, gode-frigti (“god-fearing”), variants of Middle English godfriht, gode-friht, godfruht, god-furht, from Old English godfyrht, godefriht (“god-fearing”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌷𐍄𐍃 (gudafaurhts, “god-fearing, devout”).

cog

Margie married Bill, a good, God-fearing Christian.

The skipper Mr. Cooke had hired at Far Harbor was a God-fearing man with a luke warm interest in his new billet and employer, and had only been prevailed upon to take charge of the yacht after the offer of an emolument equal to half a year's sea pay of an ensign in the navy.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter X, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

(religion) Following the precepts of a religious practice; respecting and revering God and his authority.

وَرِع

following the precepts of a religious practice and respects and reveres god and his authority