zakat

en-noun

zakat (usually uncountable, plural zakats)

Borrowed from:
* Persian زکات (zakât);
* Turkish zekât, from Ottoman Turkish زكات (zekat); or
* Urdu زَکَات (zakāt);
all from Arabic زَكَاة (zakāh, “almsgiving, zakat; purification”), from زَكَوٰة (zakāh) (archaic), from Aramaic זכותא/ܙܟܘܬܐ (zākūṯā, “goodness, probity, uprightness; merit; victory”), from זכי (zəḵē, “to gain; to overcome, triumph over”).

der

Zakât is an ordinance of God, incumbent upon every perſon vvho is free, ſane, adult, and a Muſſulman, provided he be poſſeſſed, in full propriety, of ſuch eſtate or effects as are termed in the language of the lavv a Niſâb, and that he has been in poſſeſſion of the ſame for the ſpace of one complete year, vvhich is denominated Havvlân-Hâvvl. The reaſon of this obligation is found in the vvord of God, vvho has ordained it in the Koran, ſaying, "Bestovv Zakât."

1791, [Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani], chapter I, in Charles Hamilton, transl., The Hedàya, or Guide; a Commentary on the Mussulman Laws: […], volume I, London: […] T[homas] Bensley, →OCLC, book I (Of Zakât), page 2:

The Mahometan law insists on the legal obligation of society to support their indigent fellow-citizens, the Hedaya or Mahometan Guide begins, "take zakat," said Mahomet, "from the rich Mussulmans, and bestow it upon the poor Mussulmans: zakat or charity," says the code, "signifies alms imposed by law, in opposition to [sadka], voluntary charity." […] The zakat was a property-tax paid on all productions and profits, on merchandise, mines, &c.

1831, James Butler Bryan, chapter XII, in A Practical View of Ireland, from the Period of the Union; with Plans for the Permanent Relief of Her Poor, and the Improvement of Her Municipal Organization: […], Dublin: W. F. Wakeman, […]; London: Simpkin and Marshall, […], →OCLC, page 327:

The Alcoran and all the subsequent teachings of the faithful enjoined a constant and liberal charity. […] The theory of the zakat, or tax, is that it is a voluntary gift. Contributing for the needs of the state followed in due course of time, and became obligatory. These taxes, or zakat, amounted by law to two and a half per cent. of the principal of certain assessed property.

1886, William A[ddison] Phillips, “The Mahometan System, and the Governments and Forms of Society Founded on It”, in Labor, Land and Law: A Search for the Missing Wealth of the Working Poor, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC, page 140:

Amongst these stations is the well-known place called Qaṭyā, which the people pronounce Qaṭya, where zakāt is collected from the merchants, their goods are examined, and their baggage most rigorously searched.

1958, Ibn Battuta, “Syria”, in H[amilton] A[lexander] R[osskeen] Gibb, transl., The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa A.D. 1325–1354 […], volume I, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press for the Hakluyt Society, →OCLC, page 72:

Services given by the Sayyids are supposed to be free, but they should receive the Zikat, or one tenth of the fruits of the earth.

1963, Emrys L[loyd] Peters, “Aspects of Rank and Status among Muslims in a Lebanese Village”, in Julian Pitt-Rivers, editor, Mediterranean Countrymen: Essays in Social Anthropology of the Mediterranean, Paris: Mouton and Co., →OCLC, page 170; republished in Louise E. Sweet, editor, Peoples and Cultures of the Middle East: An Anthropological Reader, volumes II (Life in the Cities, Towns, and Countryside), Garden City, N.Y.: Natural History Press for the American Museum of Natural History, 1970, →ISBN, page 88:

[…] Russian goods were subject to numerous zakats as well as to taxes on buying and selling in the bazaars, on maintaining shops and stalls in the bazaars, and on the compulsory use of the official bazaar weights.

2004, Seymour Becker, “Economic Development”, in Russia’s Protectorates in Central Asia: Bukhara and Khiva, 1865–1924, London, New York, N.Y.: RoutledgeCurzon, published 2005, →ISBN, part 3 (The Russian Presence), page 136:

By tradition, zakat proceeds serve partly to deliver poor relief and partly to finance "praiseworthy activities," defined to include religious education and pilgrimage. In several countries, including Pakistan, zakat has become a legal obligation, and the government now organizes both its collection and its disbursement. In most parts of the Islamic world, however, zakat is collected and disbursed in a decentralized manner by local religious organizations[…].

2006, Timur Kuran, “Islam and Economics: Policy Prescriptions for a Free Society”, in Sohrab Behdad, Farhad Nomani, editors, Islam and the Everyday World: Public Policy Dilemmas, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN, page 43:

Zakat is a system of alms giving which constitutes one of the five pillars of Islam, and zakat committees operate as social welfare agencies by collecting zakats from able Muslims and distributing them to the less fortunate.

2009, Atta El-Battahani, “Ideological Expansionist Movements versus Historical Indigenous Rights in the Darfur Region of Sudan: From Actual Homicide to Potential Genocide”, in Salah M. Hassan, Carina E. Ray, editors, Darfur and the Crisis of Governance in Sudan: A Critical Reader, Ithaca, N.Y., London: Cornell University Press, →ISBN, part 1, section 1 (Origins and Evolution of the Conflict), endnote 16, page 67:

In practice, the zakats seem to have varied a great deal with the context, the society, and local norms.

2020 March, Thomas Piketty, “Ternary Societies and Colonialism: Eurasian Trajectories”, in Arthur Goldhammer, transl., Capital and Ideology, Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, →ISBN, part 2 (Slave and Colonial Societies), footnote 76, page 409:

(Islam) Almsgiving, one of the five pillars of Islam, in the form of an annual tax on certain types of property which is then used for charitable purposes.

jakeuët

almsgiving in the form of an annual tax on certain types of property, which is used for charitable purposes


hijab

en-noun

hijab (countable and uncountable, plural hijabs)

→ Portuguese: hijabe

The belief that Muslim females observe hijab because men force them to do so insults some Muslim females who have based their decision on their understanding of Islam.

2010, Jawairriya Abdallah-Shahid, Veiled Voices, →ISBN, page 13:

(uncountable, Islam) The practice, among Muslim women, of covering the body after the age of puberty in front of non-related (non-family) adult males.


NRC

Netherlands Reformed Congregation
w:Netherlands Reformed Congregation

(religion) Initialism of Netherlands Reformed Congregation.


Ishmael

From Hebrew יִשְׁמָעֵאל (yishma'él (yišmāʿēl), “God hears, God will hear”).

der

And Hagar bare Abram a ſonne: and Abram called his ſonnes name, which Hagar bare, Iſhmael.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 16:15, column 1:

(Abrahamism, biblical) The eldest son of Abraham and his wife's handmaiden Hagar who were cast out after the birth of Isaac; traditionally the ancestor of the Arabs via the Ishmaelites.


kafir

en-noun

kafir (countable and uncountable, plural kuffar or kafirs)

Borrowed from Arabic كَافِر (kāfir, “denier, unbeliever”). Doublet of kaffir.

bor

In his sermon, Amir Hamza espoused extremist and segregationist views. He inferred that non-Muslims are “kafir” (infidels).

2024 August 21, “Investigation Into Bangladeshi Preacher Amir Hamza’s Sermon in Singapore on 9 August 2024”, in Ministry of Home Affairs (Singapore):

(Islam, countable, offensive, religious slur, politics) A disbeliever, a denier: someone who rejects or disbelieves in Allah or the tenets of Islam; or more broadly any non-Muslim.


Ramadan

/ɹɑːməˈdɑːn/

/ˈɹɑːmədɑːn/

Transliteration of Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān); see there for more.

translit

(Islam) The holy ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, during which Muslims fast between the break of dawn until sunset; they also refrain from drinking liquids, smoking and having sexual relations.

Ramadaan

holy ninth month of Islamic lunar calendar


sira

(Islam) A traditional Muslim biography of Muhammad.


fakir

Borrowed from Arabic فَقِير (faqīr, “poor man”).

(Islam) A faqir, owning no personal property and usually living solely off alms.


Muhammad

Transliteration of Arabic مُحَمَّد (muḥammad, “praised, commendable, laudable”), the passive participle of حَمَّدَ (ḥammada, “to praise, commend, laud, extol”). From the same triconsonantal root ح م د (ḥ-m-d) as, but distinct from, Mahmud.

Mahomet was the predominant form until the late 1700s. Mohammed was the predominant form from then until the 1940s

which has been predominant ever since. Other forms which are now quite common are Mohammad

which all came into common use after the 1820s

Shias believe that Ali succeeded the prophet Muhammad as leader of the Ummah.

Baháʼí Baháʼí

(Islam, uncountable) The figure who introduced Islam, and the man to whom the Qur'an was revealed; considered a prophet by Muslims and Baháʼís.

(Islam, uncountable) The 47th sura (chapter) of the Qur'an.


NRSV

New Revised Standard Version
w:New Revised Standard Version

(biblical) Initialism of New Revised Standard Version.


KJV

King James Version
King James Version#English

(biblical) Initialism of King James Version (of the Bible).


ECT

en-noun

ECT (countable and uncountable, plural ECTs)

The traditional ECT view of hell combines an eternal life-sentence while also adding to that a perpetual torture at the same time.

2015, Jeremy Jernigan, Redeeming Pleasure: How the Pursuit of Pleasure Mirrors Our Hunger for God, Hachette, →ISBN:

(theology, uncountable) Initialism of endless/eternal/everlasting conscious torment (“traditional view of the nature of Hell”).


NIV

New International Version
w:New International Version

(biblical) Initialism of New International Version.


salat

(Islam) The obligatory prayer that Muslims are called to perform five times a day.


descend

en-verb

descend (third-person singular simple present descends, present participle descending, simple past and past participle descended)

descends (present singular third-person)
descending (participle present)
descended (participle past)
descended (past)
descend (infinitive)

PIE word
 *de
The verb is derived from Middle English descenden (“to move downwards, fall, descend; to slope downwards; to go from a better to a worse condition, decline, degenerate; to be a descendant, derive from (a source); etc.”), from Anglo-Norman descendere, descendre, and Old French descendere, descendre (“to move downwards, fall, descend; to slope downwards; to be a descendant, derive from (a source); etc.”) (modern French descendre), and from their etymon Latin dēscendere, the present active infinitive of dēscendō (“to come or go down, fall, descend; to slope downwards; to be a descendant; etc.”), from de- (prefix meaning ‘from; down from’) + scandō (“to ascend, climb; to clamber”) (from Proto-Indo-European *skend- (“to climb, scale; to dart; to jump”)).
The noun is derived from the verb.

laskea

to pass from a higher to a lower part of (something)

afgaan

to physically move or pass from a higher to a lower place or position

VVhen I deſcend into my ſelf, and contemplat my moſt terrible horrible terribility, I can hardly hold my ſelf vvithin my ſelf; […]

1653, James Howell, “The Oration of the Lord George Frederique, Baron of Limburg, and Hereditary Officer to the Sacred Roman Empire, and Allwayes Free. Against Spain.”, in A German Diet: Or, The Ballance of Europe, […], London: […] Humphrey Moseley, […], →OCLC, page 26:

[He] vvith holieſt Meditations fed, / Into himſelf deſcended, and at once / All his great vvork to come before him ſet; […]

1671, John Milton, “The Second Book”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 34, lines 111–113:

Let us deſcend into our ovvn boſoms; let us aſk ourſelves vvhat are our duties, and vvhat are our means of diſcharging them.

1797, Edmund Burke, “Letter III.”, in A Third Letter to a Member of the Present Parliament, on the Proposals for Peace with the Regicide Directory of France, London: […] F[rancis] and C[harles] Rivington, […]; sold also by J[ohn] Hatchard, […], →OCLC, page 89:

Senses relating to moving from a higher to a lower position.

(reflexive, chiefly poetic or religion) Chiefly in the form descend into (or within) oneself: to mentally enter a state of (deep) meditation or thought; to retire.

vajota

to mentally enter a state of (deep) meditation or thought — see also retire


gau

(Tibetan Buddhism) A prayer box or small container worn as jewelry and containing an amulet or similar item.


literal

en-adj

literal (comparative more literal, superlative most literal)

more literal (comparative)
most literal (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-literal.wav

From Middle English literal, from Old French literal, from Late Latin litteralis, also literalis (“of or pertaining to letters or to writing”), from Latin littera, litera (“a letter”); see letter.

It is most important to distinguish literalistic from literal interpretation. [...] ‘Literalistic’ interpretation is like word-for-word translation that yields the verbally exact or ‘formally equivalent’ versions but also runs the risk of overlooking the main (illocutionary) point. Literal interpretation, on the other hand, is more like a translation that strives for dynamic equivalence and yields the literary sense.

1998, Kevin Vanhoozer, “6. Redeeming the Text: The Rationality of Literary Acts”, in Is There a Meaning in This Text?, page 311:

(theology) (broadly) That which generally assumes that the plainest reading of a given scripture is correct but which allows for metaphor where context indicates it; (specifically) following the historical-grammatical method of biblical interpretation


attrition

en-noun

attrition (countable and uncountable, plural attritions)

15th century, from Middle English attricion, attricioun, from Middle French attricion, attrition and its etymon, Latin attrītiō (“a rubbing against”), from the verb attrītus, past participle of atterō (“to wear”), from ad- (“to, towards”) + terō (“to rub”). By surface analysis, attrit + -ion.

(theology) Imperfect contrition or remorse.

attritio

theology: imperfect contrition or remorse


Mat.

(biblical) Abbreviation of Matthew (book of the Bible)


Mic.

Mich.

Biblical abbreviation for the Book of Micah


monotheistic

/ˌmɒnə(ʊ)θɪˈɪstɪk/

(religion) Believing in a single god, deity, spirit, etc., especially for an organized religion, faith, or creed.


burette

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-burette.wav


federalism

federalism (countable and uncountable, plural federalisms)

From French fédéralisme, equivalent to federal + -ism.


hylic

1820s, from earlier German use; earlier hylical (1708). From Ancient Greek ῡ̔́λη (hū́lē, “matter”) + -ic (“of or pertaining to”).

(Gnosticism) The basest type of man in the gnostic theologian Valentinus' triadic grouping; a person focused on neither intellectual (psychic) nor spiritual (pneumatic) reality.


cardinality

cardinality (countable and uncountable, plural cardinalities)

(religion) The status of being cardinalitial


ghazwa

ghazwa (plural ghazwas or ghazwat or ghazawat)

ghazwas (plural)
ghazwat (plural)
ghazawat (plural)

From Arabic غَزْوَة (ḡazwa). Doublet of razzia.

(Islam, historical) Any of the battles in which the Islamic prophet Muhammad personally participated.


SAW

صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ
صلى الله عليه وسلم#Arabic

(Islam, sometimes proscribed) صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ (ṣallā llāhu ʕalayhi wa-sallama, “peace be upon him”)


renew

en-verb

renew (third-person singular simple present renews, present participle renewing, simple past and past participle renewed)

renews (present singular third-person)
renewing (participle present)
renewed (participle past)
renewed (past)

From Middle English renewen, an alteration (possibly on analogy with Latin renovāre) of earlier anewen (“to renew”), from Old English nīewian (“to restore; renovate; renew”), equivalent to re- + new. Cognate with Old High German giniuwōn (“to renew”), Middle High German geniuwen (“to renew”), Old Norse nýja (“to renew”).

cog

And fassion not youre selves lyke vnto this worlde: But be ye chaunged in youre shape by the renuynge of youre wittes that ye maye fele what thynge that good yt acceptable and perfaycte will of god is.

1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Romans xij:[2]:

For which cause we faint not, but though our outward man perish, yet the inward man is renewed day by day.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Corinthians 4:16:

(theology) To make new spiritually; to regenerate.

подновя́вам

to substitute for a new one of the same nature


procession

From Middle English processioun, borrowed from Old French pourciession, from Latin prōcessiō (“a marching forward, an advance, in Late Latin a religious procession”), from prōcēdere, past participle prōcessus (“to move forward, advance, proceed”); see proceed.

der

In many a form I see thee oft
In myriad manners are thy praises told
In old processions carved on Grecian urns

(ecclesiastical, obsolete, in the plural) Litanies said in procession and not kneeling.


restoration

en-noun

restoration (countable and uncountable, plural restorations)

/ɹɛstəˈɹeɪʃən/

From Middle English restoracion, altered from restauracion (from Latin restaurātiō) by partly deriving from restoren + -acion. By surface analysis, restore + -ation.

(theology) The receiving of a sinner to divine favor.


fiver

From five + -er (measurement suffix) or + -er (“supporter”).

(Islam) A Zaydi Shiite Muslim, who disagrees with the majority of Shiites on the identity of the Fifth Imam.

(religion) A person who gives five percent of their income or five hours a week of their time to charity (a reduction of ten percent tithing).


theocrat

(politics, religion) The ruler of a theocracy, a priest-king.

(politics, religion) A proponent of theocracy.


theosophy

theosophy (usually uncountable, plural theosophies)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-theosophy.wav

From Medieval Latin theosophia, from Ancient Greek θεοσοφῐ́ᾱ (theosophíā, “knowledge of things divine”, from θεός (theós, “god”) + σοφῐ́ᾱ (sophíā, “wisdom”)); analogous to theo- + -sophy.

der

They have their own traditions of art and science. They do not […] discuss God or metaphysics or men. […] All their wisdom and theosophy, and all their grasp of beauty, truth or love, is in the singing. […] They look unloving enough, and so they are. Pitiless fallen angels.

1984 Oct, Tanith Lee, “Bite-Me-Not, or Fleur de Feu”, in Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine, volume 8, Davis Publications, →ISSN:

(philosophy, religion) Any doctrine of religious philosophy and mysticism claiming that knowledge of God can be attained through mystical insight and spiritual ecstasy, and that direct communication with the transcendent world is possible.

θεοσοφία

The religious ideas of late Renaissance alchemists were based on the Paracelsian theosophical system, which was a half-pagan, half-Christian belief system, both a mystical path and a theurgic practice.

2000, Urszula Szulakowska, The alchemy of light : geometry and optics in late Renaissance alchemical illustration, Leiden [u.a.]: Brill, →ISBN, page 11:

(religion) Any system which claims to attain communication with God and superior spirits by physical processes.


antitrinitarianism

(theology) Rejection of the Trinitarian doctrine that God subsists as three distinct persons in the single substance of the Holy Trinity; nontrinitarianism.

antitrinitarisme

rejection of the doctrine that God subsists as three distinct persons


antitrinitarian

en-adj

antitrinitarian (comparative more antitrinitarian, superlative most antitrinitarian)

more antitrinitarian (comparative)
most antitrinitarian (superlative)

(theology) Rejecting the Trinitarian doctrine that God subsists as three distinct Persons in the single substance of the Holy Trinity.

antitrinitarisch

rejecting the doctrine that God subsists as three distinct persons


antitrinitarian

(theology) One who rejects the doctrine (or dogma) of the Trinity, the Trinitarian doctrine.

Antitrinitarier

one who rejects the Trinitarian doctrine


assurance

en-noun

assurance (countable and uncountable, plural assurances)

From Middle English assuraunce, from Old French asseürance, from asseürer; as if assure + -ance.

(theology) Subjective certainty of one's salvation.


anatta

anatta (countable and uncountable, plural anattas)

From Pali anattan, from Sanskrit अनात्मन् (anātman, “no soul”), from अन्- (an-, “non-, un-, a-”) + आत्मन् (ātman, “soul”).

The texts indicate that when the Buddha's first disciples heard about anatta, their hearts were filled with joy and they immediately experienced Nirvana.

2009, Karen Armstrong, The Case for God, Vintage, published 2010, page 33:

three marks of existence
three marks of existence

(Buddhism) The idea that there is no separate self or soul; egolessness. One of the three marks of existence.

ဢၼတ်ႉတႃႉ

ʼǎ nâ̰t tâ̰a


disciple

en-verb

disciple (third-person singular simple present disciples, present participle discipling, simple past and past participle discipled)

disciples (present singular third-person)
discipling (participle present)
discipled (participle past)
discipled (past)

From Middle English disciple, discipul, from Old English discipul (“disciple, scholar”), from Latin discipulus (“pupil, learner”). Later influenced or superseded in Middle English by Old French deciple.

inh

(religion, transitive) To convert (a person) into a disciple.

fraile youth is oft to follie led, / Through false allurement of that pleasing baite, / That better were in vertues discipled […]

1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

(religion, transitive) To train, educate, teach.

(Christianity, certain denominations) To routinely counsel (one's peer or junior) one-on-one in their discipleship of Christ, as a fellow affirmed disciple.


collation

en-noun

collation (countable and uncountable, plural collations)

From Middle English collacioun, collation, from Old French collation, from Latin collatiō, from the participle stem of cōnferō (“to bring together”). Not related to English collateral.

(ecclesiastical) The presentation of a clergyman to a benefice by a bishop, who has it in his own gift.

(ecclesiastical) Presentation to a benefice.


seventh heaven

(Judaism, Islam) The empyrean, the outermost of the heavenly spheres; a dwelling of the angels.


Abdals

From Arabic أَبْدَال (ʔabdāl, “replacements”).

der

(Islam) a group of saints responsible for the continuing existence of the world


apotropaic

en-adj

apotropaic (comparative more apotropaic, superlative most apotropaic)

more apotropaic (comparative)
most apotropaic (superlative)

/ˌæpətɹəˈpeɪ.ɪk/

From Ancient Greek ἀποτρόπαιος (apotrópaios), from ἀπό (apó, “away”) and τρόπος (trópos, “turn”); thus meaning “causing things to turn away”, as in “turns away evil”.

A boring subtext, about the wisdom or otherwise of actually uttering Voldemort's name, meanwhile robs the apotropaic device of its force.

2007 August 12, Christopher Hitchens, “Harry Potter: The Boy Who Lived”, in New York Times:

In earlier generations scholars reacted by removing many of these objects from public view, putting them in the ‘Secret Cabinet’ of the museum at Naples or otherwise under wraps. […] More recently the fashion has been to deflect attention from their sexuality by referring to them as ‘magical’, ‘apotropaic’ or ‘averters of the evil eye’.

2010, Mary Beard, chapter 7, in Pompeii: The Life of a Roman Town:

Commonly known as ‘ritual protection marks’, or even ‘witch marks’, an apotropaic image or symbol is a marking that is thought to create a ‘protection’ for the individual that created it – or for the area or object into which it was inscribed.

2015, Matthew Champion, Medieval Graffiti: The Lost Voices of England’s Churches, London: Ebury Press, →ISBN, page 25:

(religion, mysticism) Intended to ward off evil.


rationale

/ˌɹæʃ.əˈnɑːl/

/ˌɹæʃ.əˈnæl/

the local bishop, H.E. Gregor Maria Hanke, is shown wearing that rarest of liturgical garments, the rationale.

2015, Gregory Dipippo, Rationale Worn by the Bishop of Eichstätt:

(rare, religion) A liturgical vestment worn by some Christian bishops of various denominations.


ase

(religion) an essential energy in West African religions


awaken

en-verb

awaken (third-person singular simple present awakens, present participle awakening, simple past and past participle awakened)

awakens (present singular third-person)
awakening (participle present)
awakened (participle past)
awakened (past)

From Middle English awakenen or awaknen, from Old English awæcnan or awæcnian, from a- plus wæcnan or wæcnian.

արթնացնել

transitive: to cause to become conscious


Jesse

From Ancient Greek Ἰεσσαί (Iessaí), from Hebrew יִשַׁי (Yishai).

Now David was the son of that Ephrathite of Bethlehemjudah, whose name was Jesse; and he had eight sons; and the man went among men for an old man in the days of Saul.

(biblical) The son of Obed and the father of king David.


reliquary

/ˈɹɛlɪkwɛɹi/

/ˈɹɛlɪkwəɹi/

Borrowed from Middle French reliquaire (modern French reliquaire), from Late Latin reliquiarium, from rēliquia (“a relic”) (English relic), noun use of reliquus (“abandoned, left behind, relict”), from relinquō (“I relinquish”), from re- (“again”) and linquō (“I leave”), from Proto-Indo-European *leikʷ-.

“… There is an ivory virgin of the fourteenth century. I once found a buyer for that piece, but the old boy would not sell it.[…]The other piece—the one that concerns us—is known as the Borgia reliquary.”

1935, Francis Beeding, “4/1”, in The Norwich Victims:

And whether you think of those little cans as intellectual puzzles or reliquaries or scams, there are surprises inside.

2009 February 13, Holland Cotter, “To Bump Off Art as He Knew It”, in New York Times:

(religion) A container to hold or display religious relics.


righteousness

en-noun

righteousness (countable and uncountable, plural righteousnesses)

/ˈɹaɪt͡ʃəsnəs/

From Middle English rightwisnes, from Old English rihtwīsnes (“justice”), equivalent to righteous + -ness.

21 ¶ I hate, I despise your feast dayes, and I will not smell in your solemne assemblies.
22 Though ye offer me burnt offerings, and your meat offerings, I will not accept them: neither will I regard the peace offerings of your fat beasts.
23 Take thou away from mee the noise of thy songs: for I will not heare the melodie of thy violes.
24 But let iudgement run downe as waters, and righteousnesse as a mightie streame.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Amos 5:21–24:

By some paradoxical evolution rancour and intolerance have been established in the vanguard of primitive Christianity. Mrs. Spoker, in common with many of the stricter disciples of righteousness, was as inclement in demeanour as she was cadaverous in aspect.

1921, Ben Travers, chapter 4, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:

(uncountable, theology) Holiness; conformity of life to the divine law.

There are two kinds of Christian righteousness: the one without us, which we have by imputation; the other in us, which consisteth of faith, hope, and charity, and other Christian virtues.

1594-7, Richard Hooker, Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, A Discourse, Section 21

Only for the righteousness of Christ imputed to us, and received by faith alone.

1646-7, Westminster Shorter Catechism, Q.33

w:Webster's Dictionary#Webster's New International Dictionary 1909

(theology) The state of being right with God; justification; the work of Christ, which is the ground justification.


eid mubarak

From Arabic عِيد مُبَارَك (ʕīd mubārak).

bor

عِيد مُبَارَك

Arabic عِيد مُبَارَك (ʕīd mubārak)

(Islam) A customary Muslim greeting on the days of Eid ul-Adha and Eid ul-Fitr at the end of Ramadan.


Prophets

(Islam) The 21st sura (chapter) of the Qur'an.


indispensable

en-adj

indispensable (comparative more indispensable, superlative most indispensable)

more indispensable (comparative)
most indispensable (superlative)

From Middle French indispensable, from Medieval Latin indispensābilis, corresponding to in- + dispensable.

(ecclesiastical, obsolete) Not admitting ecclesiastical dispensation; not subject to release or exemption; that cannot be allowed by bending the canonical rules.


adoption

en-noun

adoption (countable and uncountable, plural adoptions)

French adoption, Latin adoptio, allied to adoptare (“to adopt”).

(theology) An act of divine grace by which the redeemed in Christ are admitted to the privileges of the sons of God.


Solomon

en-proper noun

Solomon (countable and uncountable, plural Solomons)

From Latin Solomōn (variant of Salomon), from Ancient Greek Σολομών (Solomṓn), from Biblical Hebrew שְׁלֹמֹה (šĕlōmōʰ), from שָׁלוֹם (šālōm, “peace”). Doublet of Shlomo and Suleiman.

And there came of all people to hear the wisdom of Solomon, from all kings of the earth, which had heard of his wisdom.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Kings 4:34:

(biblical) In the Old Testament and Qur'an, a king of Israel famous for his wisdom; father of King Rehoboam and the son of King David.


lapse

From Middle French laps, from Latin lāpsus, from lābī (“to slip”). Doublet of lapsus.


apotropaism

(religion, mysticism) The use of ritual or other magical means (including charms and/or incantations) to avert evil or bad luck.

apotropaïsme

the use of ritual or other magical means to avert evil or bad luck


relic

From Middle English relik et al., from Old French relique, from Latin reliquiae (“remains, relics”), from relinquō (“I leave behind, abandon, relinquish”), from re- + linquō (“I leave, quit, forsake, depart from”).

Why ſhould onely I,
Of all the other Princes of the World,
Be caſ’d-vp, like a holy Relique?

1612–1613 (date written), John Webster, The Tragedy of the Dutchesse of Malfy. […], London: […] Nicholas Okes, for Iohn Waterson, […], published 1623, →OCLC, Act III, scene ii:

No Anchorite in the exstasy of devotion, ever adored a relique with more fervour than that with which I kissed this inimitable proof of my charmer’s candour, generosity and affection!

1748, [Tobias Smollett], chapter 57, in The Adventures of Roderick Random. […], volume II, London: […] [William Strahan] for J[ohn] Osborn […], →OCLC, page 240:

[…] the duke, in order to support their drooping hopes, ordered a procession to be made with the reliques of St. Valori, and prayers to be said for more favourable weather.

1762, David Hume, “[The Anglo-Saxons.] Chapter 3.”, in The History of England, from the Invasion of Julius Cæsar to the Accession of Henry VII, volume I, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, page 135:

During that time he had been living with his youthful memory of her; but she had doubtless had other and more tangible companionship. Perhaps she too had kept her memory of him as something apart; but if she had, it must have been like a relic in a small dim chapel, where there was not time to pray every day....

1920, Edith Wharton, chapter 34, in The Age of Innocence, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

(religion) A part of the body of a saint, or an ancient religious object, kept for veneration.

ذَخِيرَة

part of a body or an object of religious significance


maya

Shankara prescribed meditative reflection, through which each individual could pierce the veil of maya and come to recognize the identity between his or her essence and the universal spirit.

2016, Sunil Khilnani, Incarnations, Penguin, published 2017, page 58:

(Hinduism, Buddhism) The power by which the universe is made to appear; the illusion of the phenomenal world, as opposed to its true or spiritual reality.


Thomism

(philosophy, theology) The philosophy and theology of Thomas Aquinas.

թոմիզմ

the philosophy and theology of Thomas Aquinas


Joel

/ˈd͡ʒəʊ(ə)l/

From Hebrew יוֹאֵל (yo'él, “Yahweh (is) God”). As a medieval French and English given name, it is also from Breton Judicaël (related to Joyce and Jocelyn). Cf. Elijah.

der

(biblical) A book of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh.

The word of the Lord that came to Joel the son of Pethuel.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Joel 1:1:

(biblical) A minor prophet, a son of Samuel, and other Old Testament persons.


isha

From Arabic عِشَاء (ʕišāʔ, “evening, night”), in صَلَاةُ العِشَاء (ṣalātu l-ʕišāʔ, “night prayer”).

(Islam) The evening/night Islamic prayer.


exegete

en-verb

exegete (third-person singular simple present exegetes, present participle exegeting, simple past and past participle exegeted)

exegetes (present singular third-person)
exegeting (participle present)
exegeted (participle past)
exegeted (past)

History, not the dictionary, must exegete this doctrine. When thus exegeted, the secularity of our Government, as shown by the intentions of its founders, the customs of the people, and the continuous decisions of the courts, means simply the separation of church and state.

1905, Borden P. Bowne, “Moral Training in the Public Schools”, in Homiletic Review, page 93:

(chiefly religion) To interpret; to perform an exegesis.


Eden

From Hebrew עֵדֶן (eden), perhaps from Sumerian 𒂔 (edin, “steppe, garden”).

And the LORD God planted a garden Eastward in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had formed.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 2:8:

(biblical) A garden built by God as the home for Adam and Eve; sometimes identified as part of Mesopotamia.


hof

Borrowed from Old Norse hof or Old English hof, reinforced in modern (post-1990, chiefly neopagan) use by Icelandic hof (“shrine, temple”).

For each ten churches burned to ashes, one heathen hof is avenged.

1996, Varg Vikernes, cited after Gardell, Gods of the Blood, published 2003, page 307:

Asatruarfelagid lacks a central religious temple, or hof in Icelandic. Constructing a hof has been high on the members' wish list for many years.

2005, Michael Strmiska, Modern Paganism In World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives, page 170:

The Candidate for membership of Hof, Garth or Hearth shall hold an Armill, or he may touch an unsheathed Sword throughout the ceremony.

2014 November 18, Stubba, The Book of Blots, page 102:

(Germanic paganism) temple, sanctuary, hall.


crimen

en-noun

crimen (countable and uncountable, plural crimina)

Unadapted borrowing from Latin crīmen (“verdict; adultery; crime”). Doublet of crime.

ubor

1884, The Irish Ecclesiastical Record, 3rd Series, Volume V, page 416,
Such presumptions are common in connection with crimen and affinity.

2006, Fellowship of Catholic Scholars Quarterly, Volumes 29-30, Fellowship of Catholic Scholars, page 7,
Third, some might think that Michael avoids the impediment of crimen because a civil court approved his petition to deprive Terri of nutrition and hydration.

Coordinate term: conjugicide

(law, ecclesiastical law) An impediment to marriage in the canon law of the Roman Catholic Church that nullifies or prevents the marriage of two people who had: (1) committed adultery and subsequently married, and consummated that marriage, while the wronged spouse was still alive, (2) committed adultery and promised to marry after the death of the spouse, (3) committed adultery, after which one of the two had murdered the spouse in order that they become free to marry, or (4) without committing adultery, cooperated to murder a spouse in order that they become free to marry.


skyclad

From sky + clad, indicating that the person in question is clad only in the sky. Attested from early 20th century England, it is partially a calque of Sanskrit दिगम्बर (digambara, “having all (=ten) quarters of the globe as one's only clothing, i.e., naked”).

calque

There he stood, sky-clad, smearing witch's ointment all over.

(poetic or paganism) Nude, naked, especially when outdoors.


modality

en-noun

modality (countable and uncountable, plural modalities)

(theology) The organization and structure of the church, as distinct from sodality or parachurch organizations.


eschaton

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἔσχατον (éskhaton, “last thing”), from the neuter singular of ἔσχατος (éskhatos, “last”).

bor+

Only in the eschaton will God’s purpose gain its final fulfilment, a fulfilment, be it noted, which may still include some form of movement within a time-series.

1953, F. W. Dillistone, “The Church and Time”, in Scottish Journal of Theology, volume 6, page 163:

And this is also true of the revelation of the eschata: they do not reach us in a discourse about the future still to come, but in an action, in which God has already really begun them in us.

1966 [1962], Karl Rahner, “The Hermeneutics of Eschatological Associations”, in Karl Rahner, translated by Kevin Smyth, Theological Investigations, volume 4, page 336:

Without these sayings, the textual basis for saying Jesus expected an imminent eschaton becomes very slender.

1994, Marcus J. Borg, Jesus in Contemporary Scholarship, →ISBN, page 86:

(Christianity, theology) The apocalypse; the arrival and the era of God’s reign immediately preceding the end of the world; a conception of or circumstance pertaining to this era.


Reuben

en-proper noun

Reuben (countable and uncountable, plural Reubens)

* From Hebrew רְאוּבֵן (r'uvén), from רְאוּ (r'ú, “see [masculine plural imperative]”) + בֵּן (ben, “son”); its literal meaning is therefore roughly, "See, all: a son!"
* There are several unconfirmed etymologies for the name of the sandwich.

(biblical) First son of Jacob, by his wife Leah.


Reuben

(biblical) A member of one of the Israelite tribes, descended from Reuben.


hijra

From Arabic هِجْرَة (hijra, “departure, exodus”). Doublet of hegira.

bor

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hijra.wav

Hijrah means Moving from a land of Shirk to a land of Islaam.

2007, Abu Maryam Isma’eel Alarcon, transl., The Three Fundamental Principles of Imaam Muhammad bin ‘Abdil-Wahhaab, Al-Ibaanah E-Books, page 17:

(Islam) Emigration from a non-Muslim country to a Muslim one.


wudu

(Islam) the state of purity that is achieved by this washing


Lamentations

(biblical) a book of the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh

ܐܘܠܝܬܐ ܕܐܪܡܝܐ

ʾŌlīṯā dəʾErməyā


archbishopric

/ɑːt͡ʃˈbɪʃəpɹɪk/

/ɑɹt͡ʃˈbɪʃəpɹɪk/

From Middle English erchebischopriche, from Old English arċebisċeoprīce, arċebisċoprīċe, equivalent to archbishop + -ric.

A bishop of Bath […] was considered after due reflection to be an unsuitable man for the Archbishopric, because he had too many illegitimate children—not some, but too many.

1958, T. H. White, The Once and Future King, New York: Putnam, Book 4, Chapter 3, p. 563:

(ecclesiastical) The rank or office of an archbishop.

St. Salvadore in the Bahia los todos Santos, is an Archbishoprick and Seat of the Viceroy, the chief Port of Trade for Importation […]

1724, Daniel Defoe, chapter 11, in A General History of the Pyrates, London: T. Warner, page 213:

(ecclesiastical) The jurisdiction of an archbishop.


paralipomenon

/pæɹəlɪˈpɒmɪnɒn/

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Παραλειπομένων (Paraleipoménōn, “of things omitted”) παραλείπω (paraleípō, “I leave remaining”).

bor+

Παραλειπομένων

There are other books, which seem of a different class, and are neither connected with the proceeding class, nor with each other; such is Job, such Tobias, and Esther, and Judith, and the two books of Machabees, and two of Esdras, which seem rather more to follow up that regular course of history, which closed with the Kingdoms, or the Paralipomenon: […]

1846, James Waterworth, The Faith of Catholics, 3rd edition, volume 1, London, page 336:

(biblical) Either of the Books of Chronicles in the Old Testament.


pentacle

PIE word
 *pénkʷe
From Middle French pentacle, from Old French pentacol (“pendant”), from pent (“hangs”), a (“from”), and col (“neck”), thus "hangs from neck". Likely reanalyzed in medieval times as coming from penta- (“five”) and -culum (object forming suffix), as evidenced by the Latinized form pentaculum and the narrowing of the modern sense to a five-pointed design, especially a pentagram.

he drew a pentacle or five-pointed star.

1949, Gerald Gardner, chapter 10, in High Magic's Aid, page 92:

a five-pointed star (pentacle).

1954, Gerald Gardner, chapter 12, in Witchcraft Today:

the figure of the pentacle, or pentagram.

1959, Gerald Gardner, chapter 8, in The Meaning of Witchcraft, page 122:

(Wicca) A pentagram, or a disk with a pentagram on it, especially one that is used for magical or mystical purposes.

The pentacle—a pentagram enclosed within a surrounding circle—as found as the centre-piece on a witch's altar is often worn as a silver pendant by witches and other neo-pagans alike repesenting their beliefs in the interconnectedness and interdependence of the powers of nature and spirit.

2002, Kevin Saunders, Wiccan Spirituality: A Magical Attitude for the 21st Century, London: Green Magic, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 57:

A pentacle is a pentagram with a circle drawn around it.

2006, Denise Zimmermann with Gleason, Katherine and Liguana, Maria, The Complete Idiot's Guide to Wicca and Witchcraft, Indianapolis: Alpha, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, LCC BF1566.Z55 2006, page 146:

The pentagram becomes a pentacle when it is enclosed within a circle and inscribed on a disc or stone.

2007 March 1, Ruth Barr, chapter 5, in Women's Rites, Women's Mysteries: Intuitive Ritual Creation, 2nd edition, Woodbury: Llewellyn Publications, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, LCC BL625.7.B39 2007, page 93:


Lazarus

From Late Latin Lazarus, from Koine Greek Λᾱ́ζᾱρος (Lā́zāros), the given name of Biblical characters found in Luke 16 and John 12, from Biblical Hebrew אֶלְעָזָר ('El'azár), a given name shared by various figures in the Hebrew Bible and literally meaning "God has helped". Doublet of Eleazar.

I’ve always been moved by the story of Lazarus as it is recounted in the Gospel of John. The basic shape of the narrative is recognizable and relatable: Someone dies, and the heartbroken family pleads for their loss to be reversed. In the case of Lazarus, Christ is so moved by the family’s grief that he interferes with the natural order of things and grants an exception like no other: He brings the dead man back to life. This makes it an exemplar of a kind of cosmic partiality, what we would all hope for at our most wounded and vulnerable. Caravaggio pins the scene down to its material facts: the confused faces of the onlookers, the downcast faces of the sisters, the necrotic body of Lazarus, the supernatural authority of Christ.

2020 September 23, Teju Cole, “In Dark Times, I Sought Out the Turmoil of Caravaggio’s Paintings”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-09-23:

(biblical) Lazarus of Bethany, a man supposedly raised from the dead by Jesus Christ and later (Christianity) revered as a saint.

Lazarus of Bethany

New Testament character raised from the dead

(biblical) A beggar in a parable by Jesus Christ, traditionally (Christianity) believed to have been a leper and often conflated with Lazarus of Bethany.

לַעְזָר (la'zár) (used in the Franz Delitzsch translation of the New Testament)


shaitan

From Arabic شَيْطَان (šayṭān, “satan, devil”). Doublet of Satan.

bor

'... hence, we are always malā'ika (angels), forgetting that ashayṭān was once a malāk (angel).

2014, Zuckermann, Ghil‘ad, Burning issues in Afro-Asiatic linguistics, page 141:

'... 'A man and a jinni became friends. One day, the man asked the jinni, 'How come you look like a real human being?' [The jinni answered,]'We... shayāṭīn 'devils/demons' appear to people in whatever form we want, and we disappear whenever we want.'.

2014, Zuckermann, Ghil‘ad, Burning issues in Afro-Asiatic linguistics, page 140:


Arioch

(biblical) The King of Ellasar, who participated in the Battle of the Vale of Siddim, described in Genesis.

(biblical) The person who was, according to the Torah, appointed by Nebuchadnezzar to put to death the wise men of Babylon.

Arioque

man ordered to put to death the wise men of Babylon


Canticles

A clipping of Canticle of Canticles, a calque of Latin Canticum Canticorum (“Song of Songs”).

der

(biblical) Synonym of Song of Songs, a canonical book of the Hebrew Bible and Christian Old Testament.


inspired

en-adj

inspired (comparative more inspired, superlative most inspired)

more inspired (comparative)
most inspired (superlative)

Korean shamans are thought to be capable of inspired speech, in which they convey the words of the gods.

The point which I wish to establish is this, that the whole prediction of the future establishment of the religion of the Gospel was an inspired prediction, a prediction answerable to the highest test of a supernatural prescience.

1824, John Davidson, Discourses on Prophecy, in which are considered its structure, use, and inspiration: being the substance of twelve sermons preached in the chapel of Lincoln's Inn, London: John Murray, Albermarle Street, page 502:

(religion) Infused with power or knowledge granted from a supernatural entity; possessing inspiration from the divine.


calends

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-calends.wav

From Middle English calendes, calendas, calendis, kalandes, kalendas, kalendes, kalendez, kalendis, kalendus (also in the singular forms calende, kalend, kalende), from Latin kalendās, accusative plural of kalendae (“first day of a Roman month”), an archaic variant of calandae, from calandus (“which is to be called or announced solemnly”), the future passive participle of calō (“to call, announce solemnly”) (referring to the Roman practice of proclaiming the first days of the lunar month upon seeing the first signs of a new crescent moon), from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, cry, summon”). Although the singular form calend (now obsolete, rare) appeared in English (and compare Old English calend, kalendus (“calends; a month”)), no singular form was used in Latin as recurring days of the calendar were always referred to in the plural.
Sense 2 (“a day for settling debts and other accounts”) refers to the Roman practice of fixing the calends as the day for debts to be paid.

nb...

Containing an Account of Their Manners, Customs, Diversions, Religious Rites, Philosophy, Festivals, Oracles, Laws, Arts, Engines of War, Weights, Measures, Money, Medals, Computation and Division of Time, Chronological Terms, Heresies in the Primitive Church, &c. &c.

The feasts of the Israelites were the Sabbath; the first day of each month, called in our translations calends, or new-moon; the three great feasts of the passover, pentecost, and tabernacles, instituted in memory of the three greatest blessings they received from God, […]

1809, Claude Fleury, “Their Religion”, in Adam Clarke, transl., The Manners of the Ancient Israelites; […], 3rd edition, London: Sold by William Baynes, […]; J[oseph] Butterworth, […]; and T. Blanshard, […], →OCLC, page 147:

חֹדֶשׁ m. […] the new moon, the day of the new moon, the calends of a lunar month which was a festival of the ancient Hebrews, Num[bers] 29:6; 1 Sam[uel] 20:5; 18:24; Ex[odus] 19:1, […]

1846, [Wilhelm] Gesenius, “חֹדֶשׁ”, in translated by Samuel Prideaux Tregelles, Gesenius’s Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures. Translated, with Additions and Corrections from the Author’s Thesaurus and Other Works, London: Samuel Bagster and Sons, […], →OCLC, page CCLXIII, column 1:

(by extension, biblical, Judaism, obsolete) Synonym of Rosh Hodesh (“the Jewish festival of the new moon, which begins the months of the Hebrew calendar”)


yazata

Transliteration from Avestan substantivized adjective 𐬫𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬙𐬀 (yazata, “(an entity that is) worthy of worship”). Doublet of Yazd.


deposition

en-noun

deposition (countable and uncountable, plural depositions)

From Middle English deposicion, from Old French deposicion (French déposition), from Latin depositio.

calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease

(religion) The formal placement of relics in a church or shrine, and the feast day commemorating it.

απόθεση

the formal placement of relics in a church or shrine, and the feast day commemorating it


pleroma

Adam Black
David Don
Wernerian Natural History Society

Learned borrowing from Late Latin pleroma (“(Gnosticism) spiritual universe seen as the totality of the essence and powers of God”), from Koine Greek πλήρωμᾰ (plḗrōma, “(biblical) perfect fullness”), Ancient Greek πλήρωμᾰ (plḗrōma, “that which fills, a complement; a filling up, a completing”), from πληρόω (plēróō, “to make full, fill; to complete, finish”) (from πλήρης (plḗrēs, “complete, full”) (from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”)) + -όω (-óō, suffix forming verbs with the sense of making someone be or do something)) + -μᾰ (-ma, suffix forming nouns denoting the result or effect of an action).
Sense 1.1 (“plant”) is borrowed from New Latin Pleroma, a genus name coined by the Scottish botanist David Don (1799–1841) in 1822, from Ancient Greek πλήρωμᾰ (plḗrōma) (see above) to describe the way the seeds of the plant filled the capsule.
Sense 2 (“state of perfect fullness”) is chiefly used in reference to Colossians 2:9 of the Bible: “Ὅτι ἐν αὐτῶῳ κατοικεῖ πᾶν τὸ πλήρωμα τῆς θεότητος σωματικῶς (Hóti en autôōi katoikeî pân tò plḗrōma tês theótētos sōmatikôs) [For in Christ all the fullness of the Deity lives in bodily form]”.

coinage

There is a way to comprehend the gnostic's giant onion of a world, the concentric circles, with the Pleroma beckoning there, the white heart of light, the source of that primal vision which for a second or two can recapture paradise.

1974, Lawrence Durrell, “Macabru”, in Monsieur (The Avignon Quintet; 1), New York, N.Y.: Viking Press, published 1975, →ISBN, page 131:

(Gnosticism, historical) Often preceded by the: the spiritual universe seen as the totality of the essence and powers of God.


neologist

Back-formation from neologism. Compare French néologiste.

(theology, historical, originally derogatory) An adherent of neology.


propagation

en-noun

propagation (countable and uncountable, plural propagations)

From Middle French propagation, from Old French propagacion, from Latin propagatio.
Morphologically propagate + -ion


choosable

From Middle English *chosable, chesable, cheseable, equivalent to choose + -able.


predestine

en-verb

predestine (third-person singular simple present predestines, present participle predestining, simple past and past participle predestined)

predestines (present singular third-person)
predestining (participle present)
predestined (participle past)
predestined (past)

From Old French prédestiner, from Medieval Latin praedestinare. Displaced native Old English foreteohhian.

(theology, transitive) To foreordain by divine will.


Lydia

From Ancient Greek Λυδία (Ludía, “the region of Lydia”), from λυδία (ludía, “beautiful one, noble one”), a feminine form of Λυδός (Ludós) (Lydus, from λυδός (ludós) (lydus)). The region of Lydia is said to be named for a king Λυδός (Ludós) (Lydus, from λυδός (ludós) (lydus)); the given name Lydia originally indicated ancestry or residence in the region of Lydia.

uder

And a certain woman named Lydia, a seller of purple, of the city of Thyatira, which worshipped God, heard us: whose heart the Lord opened, that she attended unto the things which were spoken of Paul.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 16:14:

(biblical) A woman converted by St. Paul; presumably named for ancestry or residence in Lydia.


archon

From Ancient Greek ἄρχων (árkhōn), a noun use of the present participle of ἄρχω (árkhō, “to rule”).

Their claim to totality is like the cry of the archon Ialdabaoth that he was the Lord of the Universe and that there was nothing beyond him.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 83:

(Gnosticism) A supernatural being subordinate to the Demiurge.


extroversion

en-noun

extroversion (usually uncountable, plural extroversions)

From extrovert + -sion, a variant of extraversion popularized in psychology by Phyllis Blanchard's use of the variant (then nonstandard) spelling extrovert in her 1918 "Psycho-Analytic Study of August Comte".

in mystical Divinity... a scattering or distracting ones thoughts upon exterior objects.

1656, Thomas Blount, Glossographia, s.v. "Extroversion"

The turning of the eye of the mind from [Christ] to outward things [mystics] call Extroversion.

1788, John Wesley, Works, volume VI, page 451:

The state or quality of being extroverted or an extrovert, particularly:

(religion, obsolete) Consideration of the material world as an aid to spiritual insight.


economically

en-adv

economically (comparative more economically, superlative most economically)

more economically (comparative)
most economically (superlative)


reversionist

But for the reversionist the indwelling of Christ has no effect.

2011, Daniel J. Coleman, The New Day Experience, →ISBN:

The reality which is expected is the justice of God judging unbeliever reversionists, both Jews and Gentiles, and sending them to the Lake of Fire.

2012, D.A. Miller, A Theological Study of The Book of Romans, →ISBN, page 86:

Lot is a believer who is a monetary reversionist. He abandoned the directive will of God for "sordid gain" (cf. 1Tim. 3:8; Titus 1:7, 11; 1Pet. 5:2; Gk. aischrokerdes).

2013, Terry Puett, Institute Of Biblical Studies The Book Of Genesis, →ISBN, page 268:

(theology) One who has lost faith; a heathen, nonbeliever, or apostate.


reversion

en-noun

reversion (countable and uncountable, plural reversions)

/ɹɪˈvɜːʒ(ə)n̩/

/ɹɪˈvɜːʃ(ə)n̩/

Borrowed into late Middle English from Old French reversion (modern réversion), from Latin reversio, from revertō. By surface analysis, revert + -sion.

(Islam, usually proscribed) The act of conversion to Islam, due to the belief that all people are born Muslim.


dhikr

When all had eaten and prayed the first night prayer, they began to recite their dhikr, then they began the musical recital.

1958-1994, Hamilton Gibb & CF Beckingham, in The Travels of Ibn Battutah, Folio Society 2012, p. 62

We prayed together and we practised dhikr, the recitation of the ninety-nine revealed names of God.

(Islam) An Islamic prayer whereby a phrase or expression of praise is repeated continually.

ذِكْر

(Islam) an Islamic prayer whereby a phrase or expression of praise is repeated continually


ahimsa

Already, at this very early date, the ritualists were moving towards the ideal of ahimsa ("harmlessness") that would become the indispensable virtue of the Indian Axial Age.

2006, Karen Armstrong, The Great Transformation, Atlantic Books, published 2007, page 79:

This, in essence, is the Jain doctrine of ahimsa – a direct inversion of Vedic beliefs about the sustaining powers of animal sacrifice.

2016, Sunil Khilnani, Incarnations, Penguin, published 2017, page 9:

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) A doctrine of non-violence, concerned with the sacredness of all living things and an effort to avoid causing harm to them.

不殺生

doctrine of non-violence in Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism


riba

(Islam, finance) interest or usury, which is haram (sinful) according to sharia law.


hypostatic

en-adj

hypostatic (comparative more hypostatic, superlative most hypostatic)

more hypostatic (comparative)
most hypostatic (superlative)

From mediaeval Latin hypostaticus, from Ancient Greek ὑποστατικός (hupostatikós), from ὑποστατός (hupostatós). Equivalent to hypostasis + -tic.

uder

1661, Robert Boyle, The Sceptical Chymist, "A Præface Introductory"
The grand doctrine of the chymists, touching their three hypostatical principles.

(theology) Pertaining to hypostasis, especially with reference to hypostatic union.


ferial

From Middle English ferial, from Medieval Latin fēriālis, from Latin fēria (“weekday”) (whence the first sense), fēriae (“holidays”) (whence the second).

(ecclesiastical) Pertaining to an ordinary weekday, rather than a festival or fast.


latria

en-noun

latria (usually uncountable, plural latrias)

From Late Latin, from Ancient Greek λατρεία (latreía, “service,” “worship”), from λατρευειν (latreuein, “wait on,” “serve with prayer”).

uder

(theology) The highest form of worship, named adoration, properly given to the triune God alone.


hypostasis

en-noun

hypostasis (countable and uncountable, plural hypostases or hypostaseis)

hypostases (plural)
hypostaseis (plural)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hypostasis.wav

From Ecclesiastical Latin hypostasis, from Ancient Greek ὑπόστασις (hupóstasis, “sediment, foundation; substance, existence, essence”), from ὑπό (hupó, “under”) + στάσις (stásis, “standing”). Morphologically hypo- + -stasis.

bor

What did the God who hammered the universe together have to do with virtue, redemption, the strange doctrine of hypostasis?

1985, Anthony Burgess, Kingdom of the Wicked:

As Gregory of Nyssa had explained, the three hypostases of Father, Son, and Spirit were not objective facts but simply “terms that we use” to express the way in which the “unnameable and unspeakable” divine nature (ousia) adapts itself to the limitations of our human minds.

2000, Karen Armstrong, The Battle for God, Harper, published 2004, page 69:

As a result of this verbal pact, the Trinity consists of three equal hypostaseis in one ousia: three equal Persons (Father, Son, Holy Spirit) sharing one Essence or Substance (Trinity or Godhead).

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 218:

(theology) The essential person, specifically the single person of Christ (as distinguished from his two ‘natures’, human and divine), or of the three ‘persons’ of the Trinity (sharing a single ‘essence’).

أُقْنُوم

essential person, the single person of Christ


undergarment

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-undergarment.wav

(religion, in the plural) Temple garments worn by the followers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.


revere

en-verb

revere (third-person singular simple present reveres, present participle revering, simple past and past participle revered)

reveres (present singular third-person)
revering (participle present)
revered (participle past)
revered (past)

Borrowed from French révérer, ultimately from Latin revereor, from re- + vereor (“to fear”).

(transitive, also religion) To honour in a form lesser than worship, e.g., a saint, or an idol.

благоговея

venerate someone or something as an idol


logion

/ˈləʊ.ɡɪ.ən/

]
From Ancient Greek λόγιον (lógion, “oracle”), from λόγος (lógos, “word; the word or wisdom of God”) (from λέγω (légō, “I say”), from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to gather”)) + -ιον (-ion, suffix forming diminutive nouns).

It is clear from Origen's wording that he is not referring to a logion of the original Montanist leaders, but to a statement made by later adherents of the New Prophecy. […] The logion is probably authentic.

2006, William Tabbernee, “‘Recognizing the Spirit’: Second-generation Montanist Oracles”, in F. Young, M. Edwards, P. Parvis, editors, Studia Patristica: Papers Presented at the Fourteenth International Conference on Patristic Studies Held in Oxford 2003, volume XL, Leuven, Belgium: Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, part VIII (First Two Centuries), page 525:

Influenced by scholarship on the sayings of Jesus and the redaction of the Gospels, [John] Wansbrough assumes that the Qu'rān was edited and constructed from a plethora of short texts that he terms "prophetic logia." These logia draw on monotheistic imagery and are related to forms familiar from the literature of prophetical expression. […] The goal of the critic is to identify these logia by examining the canonical text in which they have been edited and spliced together

2016, Devin J. Stewart, “Wansbrough, Bultmann, and the Theory of Variant Traditions in the Qu’rān”, in Angelika Neuwirth, Michael A[nthony] Sells, editors, Qu’rānic Studies Today (Routledge Studies in the Qu’rān), Abingdon, Oxon., New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN, page 22:

(theology) A traditional saying of a religious leader.


Zebedee

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ζεβεδαῖος (Zebedaîos), from Hebrew זְבַדְיָה (Zəḇaḏyâ), from זַבְדִּי (zab̲dî, “my gift”). Doublet of Zebadiah.

der

Hebrew זְבַדְיָה (Zəḇaḏyâ)

And going from thence, he saw other two brethren, James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother, in a ship with Zebedee their father, mending their nets; and he called them.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 4:21:

(biblical) The father of the Apostles James and John in the Bible.


traducianism

Augustine's insistence on its spiritual nature made it hard for him to uphold, along with Tertullian, the doctrine of physical traducianism.

2003, Roy Porter, Flesh in the Age of Reason, Penguin (2004), page 37n

Tertullian suggested that the human soul is transmitted by parents to their children and is therefore inescapably associated with continuing human sin: this doctrine of ‘traducianism’ underlay the pessimistic view of the human condition and its imprisonment in original sin which was presented in an extreme form by that later theological giant from North Africa, Augustine of Hippo.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 145:

(theology) The doctrine that the soul or spirit is inherited from one or both parents.


engram

Borrowed from German Engramm which was coined by German evolutionary biologist Richard Semon in 1904. First attested in English in 1921 (see quotation below). Ultimately from Ancient Greek ἐν (en, “in”) + γράμμα (grámma, “writing, picture”).

(Scientology) A painful, negative mental image representing a past event.


Ariel

General American, Mary–marry–merry merger

Alexander Pope
Ariel
John Herschel
The Rape of the Lock
The Tempest
William Lassell
William Shakespeare

From Biblical Hebrew אֲרִיאֵל (ari'él, a compound of אֲרִי (arí, “lion”) + אֵל (él, “God”), literally “lion of God”).
* (moon of Uranus): All of Uranus’s moons are named after characters created by William Shakespeare or Alexander Pope. The names of all four satellites of Uranus then known were suggested by John Herschel in 1852 at the request of William Lassell, though it is uncertain if Herschel devised the names, or if Lassell did so and then sought Herschel’s permission. Ariel is the name of the leading sylph in Pope’s The Rape of the Lock and also the spirit who serves Prospero in Shakespeare’s The Tempest.

bor

Woe to Ariel, to Ariel, the city where David dwelt! add ye year to year; let them kill sacrifices.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah 29:1:

(biblical) A name for the city of Jerusalem, the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of modern Israel, and the claimed capital city of modern Palestine.


Susanna

From Ancient Greek Σουσάννα (Sousánna), the New Testament form of Hebrew שׁוֹשַׁנָּה (šōšannā, “lily”).

uder

Hebrew שׁוֹשַׁנָּה (šōšannā, “lily”)

(biblical) A follower of Jesus (Luke 8:3)


Ephesians

(biblical) The tenth book of the New Testament of the Bible, an epistle to the people of Ephesus which is attributed to Paul the Apostle.


Ashura

From Arabic عَاشُورَاء (ʕāšūrāʔ, “tenth, tenth day”).

bor

(Islam) A holy day falling on the 10th day of Muharram, commemorating the martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali in 680 AD.

عَاشُورَاء

(Islam) a holy day falling on the 10th day of Muharram


inshallah

From Arabic إِنْ شَاءَ ٱللَٰه (ʔin šāʔa llāh, literally “if God has willed [it]”).

إِنْ شَاءَ ٱللَٰه

We will sign the contract tomorrow, inshallah.

(chiefly Islam) Expressing the speaker’s wish for a given future event to occur, and also generally their emphasis on its contingency upon the divine will.


immunity

en-noun

immunity (countable and uncountable, plural immunities)

From Middle English immunite, from Old French immunité, from Latin immūnitās, in the legal sense; for the medical use see immunization.

Nevertheless, his reason rebelled, and his sense of religion by no means allowed the justice of refusing the amiable, handsome, and wealthy Englishman, whom his sweet child preferred, and who was perfectly willing that the signora should enjoy all the liberty required by her conscience and her church, together with such sums as should, from time to time, purchase the prayers of the faithful, and all other immunities, so far as his fortune furnished the means.

1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], chapter XXIX, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 81:

(uncountable) The state of being insusceptible to something; notably:


manna

manna (countable and uncountable, plural mannas)

From Middle English, from Old English, from Late Latin manna, from Ancient Greek μάννα (mánna), from Hebrew מן (mān, “'manna”).

Australian manna

from Eucalyptus viminalis, E. gunnii, E. pulverulenta

manna mealybug

Trabutina crassispinosa or Trabutina mannipara

And when the dew that lay was gone up, behold, upon the face of the wilderness there lay a small round thing, as small as the hoar frost on the ground. And when the children of Israel saw it, they said one to another, It is manna: for they wist not what it was. And Moses said unto them, This is the bread which the LORD hath given you to eat.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 16:14-15:

In the juriſdiction of Huquang there are ſeveral places where they gather up great store of Manna, which the Natives take for a Frozen Dew.

1669, John Nievhoff, translated by John Ogilby, An Embassy from the Eaſt-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperour of China, London: John Macock, →OCLC, page 242:

The leaves of the foreſt were loaded with manna, pure amber dropped from every bough, honey diſtilled from the rifted rock, and the humming bee, drunk with joy, ſtrayed from flower to flower, forgetful of his burſting cells.

1769, Firishta, translated by Alexander Dow, Tales translated from the Persian of Inatulla of Delhi, volume I, Dublin: P. and W. Wilson et al., page iv:

(biblical) Food miraculously produced for the Israelites in the desert in the book of Exodus.


Esther

From Ancient Greek Ἐσθήρ (Esthḗr), from Biblical Hebrew אֶסְתֵּר (ʾestēr). Has been connected to Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎼 (a-s-t-r /star-/, “star”) (whence Middle Persian 𐭮𐭲𐭫 (stl /star/, “star”), 𐭮𐭲𐭠𐭫𐭪 (stʾlk /stārag/, “star”), Persian ستاره (setâre, “star”), Northern Kurdish estêre), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr (if so, a distant doublet of star); or else to Akkadian 𒀭𒈹 (Ištar, “Ishtar”) (Hebrew עִשְׁתָּר (ʿištār)).

cog

Hebrew עִשְׁתָּר (ʿištār)

And he brought up Hadassah, that is, Esther, his uncle's daughter: for she had neither father or mother, and the maiden was fair and beautiful.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Esther 2:7:

(biblical) The heroine of the Book of Esther.


Jude

en-proper noun

Jude (countable and uncountable, plural Judes)

Short form of Judas, used in an attempt to distinguish the Apostle Judas Thaddaeus from Judas Iscariot. From Old Testament Judah, Hebrew יְהוּדָה (yehudá), said to mean “praised”.

(biblical) The second last book of the New Testament of the Bible.

(biblical) One of the Apostles, also called Thaddaeus.


hagiographer

/ˌhæɡiˈɑɡɹəfɚ/

/ˌhæɡiˈɒɡɹəfə/

(theology) A writer of any of the Hagiographa․


typology

en-noun

typology (countable and uncountable, plural typologies)

(religion) The doctrine of Scripture types or figures.


manji

(Buddhism) A left-facing Japanese swastika, primarily used in Buddhism.


devotee

devotees of Krishna

devotees thronged the temple

It has been said that a Japanese is a Shintōist in life and a Buddhist at death; and it is also true that he may be during life, at one and the same time, a devotee of both.

1913, Ernest Wilson Clement, A Handbook of Modern Japan, page 253:

(religion) A believer in a particular religion or god.


presentable

en-adj

presentable (comparative more presentable, superlative most presentable)

more presentable (comparative)
most presentable (superlative)

From Middle French presentable, from Old French, as if present + -able.

(ecclesiastical) Capable of being presented to a church living.


archdiocesan

/ˌɑɹt͡ʃˌdaɪˈɑsɪsən/

(ecclesiastical) Of or relating to an archdiocese.


PBUH

peace be upon him
peace be upon him#English

peace be upon her
peace be upon her#English

(Islam, sometimes proscribed) Initialism of peace be upon him or peace be upon her; an honorific phrase used by some Muslims after any mention in speech or print of the Islamic prophet Muhammad or any other prophets or chosen figures believed by the majority of Muslims to be sent by God (Allah).


locution

en-noun

locution (countable and uncountable, plural locutions)

Borrowed from Latin locūtiō, locūtiōnem (“speech”), from
loquor (“speak”). Compare the French cognate locution.

(religion) A supernatural revelation where a religious figure, statue or icon speaks, usually to a saint.


demiurge

From Ancient Greek δημιουργός (dēmiourgós, “one who works for the people; a skilled workman, a handicraftsman”) (whence Latin dēmiūrgus, French démiurge), from δήμιος (dḗmios, “belonging to the people, public”) (from δῆμος (dêmos, “the people”), from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂mos (“people”), from *deh₂- (“to divide”) + Ancient Greek -ιος (-ios), from Proto-Indo-European *-yós (suffix creating an adjective from a noun)) + Ancient Greek -ουργός (-ourgós, “worker”) (from ἔργον (érgon, “labour; task; work”), from Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom (“work”)).
No relation with English demi- (as in demigod).

der

The Gnostic Demiurge then assumes a surprising likeness to Ahriman, the evil counter-creator of Ormuzd in Mazdean philosophy. The character of the Gnostic Demiurge became still more complicated when in some systems he was identified with Jehovah, the God of the Jews or of the Old Testament, and was brought in opposition to Christ of the New Testament, the Only-Begotten Son of the Supreme and Good God.

1908, Charles G[eorge] Herbermann, editor, The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church, New York, N.Y.: Robert Appleton Company, →OCLC, page 708, column 1:

This was the earnest attempt of a Christian to explain in some detail how God might act using natural law, although his critics noted that such a Creator had more in common with a gnostic demiurge than the transcendent God of the Judeo-Christian tradition.

2003, Richard England, editor, Design after Darwin: 1860–1900, volumes 1 (Metaphors and Metaphysics of Design. Key Statement of the 1860s.), Bristol: Thoemmes Press, →OCLC, page xiv:

Common to all authentic Gnostic schools are teachings on the demiurgos and archons. However, exactly what the demiurgos and archons are in the symbolic and mystical language of the various Gnostic traditions can be very different from one tradition to another. The word demiurgos means "creator of the world," "false creator," or "false god." Archons mean "rulers" and indicate spiritual or cosmic forces associated with the demiurgos. […] [S]ome schools view the demiurgos quite literally as the God of the Old Testament, while others do not view Yahweh as the demiurgos at all.

2005, Tau Malachi, “The Demiurgos and Evil”, in Living Gnosis: A Practical Guide to Gnostic Christianity, Woodbury, Minn.: Llewellyn Worldwide, →ISBN, page 93:

(Gnosticism) A (usually jealous or outright malevolent) being who is inferior to the supreme being, and sometimes seen as the creator of evil.


Song of Solomon

A calque of Latin Canticum Solomonis (“song of Solomon”), from its supposed authorship by the Israelite king Solomon.

(biblical) Synonym of Song of Songs, a canonical book of the Hebrew Bible and Christian Old Testament.


gopher wood

From גפר, found in Genesis 6:14. Unrelated to the North American animal. Sometimes hypothesized to be ultimately cognate to English cypress, the wood itself being such or related to the tree.

Make thee an ark of gopher wood.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 6:14:

(biblical) The unidentified wood used in the construction of Noah's Ark.

gofero

the wood used in the construction of Noah's Ark - not yet identified

timber planks

terms used in other English versions of the Bible


Chronicles

(biblical) A book of the Jewish Tanakh, divided into two Books of Chronicles in the Christian Bible.


high priest

Hogepriester

Bible: male person responsible for making the annual sacrifice

(religion) A clergyman with a higher function than a normal priest.

abbot

leader of a Christian or Buddhist monastery

godi

high priest in some Asatru or Germanic neopagan groups

volkhv

high priest in some Slavic neopagan temples

(Wicca) A second or third degree male witch in Wicca.


Ecclesiastes

From Latin Ecclesiastes, from Ancient Greek Ἐκκλησιαστής (Ekklēsiastḗs) according to the Septuagint. The Greek word is a loan translation of Hebrew קֹהֶלֶת, from Hebrew קָהָל.

Ἐκκλησιαστής

bor

Hebrew קֹהֶלֶת

(biblical) A book in the Old Testament of the Bible.


pneuma

From Ancient Greek πνεῦμα (pneûma, “wind, breath, spirit”), from πνέω (pnéō, “I blow, breathe”). Doublet of neume.

(Gnosticism) One of three levels of a human being, the spirit, along with the body and soul.


Nehemiah

From Hebrew נְחֶמְיָה (“consolation of Yahweh”).

der

Nehemiah stood firm by rejecting the imaginative and wicked spin the enemies put on reality and persisted in what God had called him to do. Then he prayed that, rather than his hands dropping from the work, God would strengthen them in...[…]

2014 June 1, James M. Hamilton, Jr., Exalting Jesus in Ezra-Nehemiah (Christ-Centered Exposition Commentary), B&H Publishing Group, →ISBN, →OCLC:

(biblical) A governor of Judea who was, according to the Tanakh, sent by the king of Persia to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem.


Isaiah

From Ancient Greek Ἠσαΐας (Ēsaḯas) from Hebrew יְשַׁעְיָהוּ (yəšaʿyā́hū).

יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Hebrew יְשַׁעְיָהוּ (yəšaʿyā́hū)

(Abrahamism, biblical) A prophet, the author of the Book of Isaiah.


Bethany

Bethany (disambiguation)
Bethany#Bethany
en:Bethany

From Ancient Greek Βηθανία (Bēthanía), from Aramaic בית עניא (beth anya, “house of wretchedness”). This etymology is highly disputed; see Bethany.

(biblical) The village where Jesus stayed before going to Jerusalem and being crucified.

Now a certain man was sick, named Lazarus, of Bethany, the town of Mary and her sister Martha.

(biblical) The village where Lazarus, Mary and Martha lived (Bible, John 11 v. 1)

(biblical) Mary of Bethany, sometimes identified as Mary Magdalene.


Gautama

(Buddhism) Siddhartha Gautama - the personal name of the Buddha.

ၵေႃႉတမႃႉ

kâ̰u tǎ mâ̰a


wheel of life

(Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism) A mandala, representing the continuous cycle of birth, life and death.

roue de l’existence karmique

mandala representing the continuous cycle of birth, life and death


eternal life

The thing that assures us of what Jesus said is that God who gave us to Him and gave us eternal life is "more powerful than anyone else."

2012, Brad Hicks, For Every Fear a Promise: A Plan to Prevail Over Fear, WestBow Press, →ISBN, page 351:

(religion) Life after death; the afterlife.


Septuagint

en-proper noun

Septuagint (countable and uncountable, plural Septuagints)

Letter of Aristeas
Ptolemy II Philadelphus
Septuagint
Twelve Tribes of Israel

From Late Latin Septuaginta, lit. "The Seventy", a clipping of earlier descriptional names such as septuaginta translatio (“translation by the seventy”) and septuaginta interpretes (“the 70 interpreters”), calques of Koine Greek names such as οἱ ἐβδομήκοντα ἑρμηνευταί (hoi ebdomḗkonta hermēneutaí, “the 70 interpreters”) and οἱ Ο′ (hoi O′, “the LXX”), deriving from the popular (but probably mistaken) belief that its translation of the Torah had been produced in 72 days by a team of 72 Jewish scholars from Jerusalem (6 from each tribe) summoned to Alexandria during the reign of Ptolemy II.

2006, Katrin Hauspie, Theodoret and Messianic Verses in the Septuagint version of Ezekiel, Michael Anthony Knibb (editor), The Septuagint and Messianism, Leuven University Press, Peeters Publishers (Peeters Leuven), page 503,
Traces of messianism in the Septuagint have occupied scholars for years; the Book of Ezekiel too has challenged attention in this specific domain of research.

2009, Jan Joosten, The Prayer of Azariah (DanLXX 3): Sources and Origin, Johann Cook (editor), Septuagint and Reception, BRILL, page 5,
The Septuagint originated, for the most part, as a translation of a source text. As such it represents a link—and a very important one—in the reception history of the Hebrew-Aramaic scriptures. But the Septuagint very soon turned into a literary and religious reference in its own right. […] The Septuagint itself became the starting point for a new reception history.

Other important works appeared that continued the discussion about the position of the Septuagint within postclassical Greek.

2022, William A. Ross, Postclassical Greek and Septuagint Lexicography, SBL Press, page 42:

(biblical) An influential Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible produced in Alexandria in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC.

اَلتَّرْجَمَة اَلسَّبْعِينِيَة

an ancient translation of the Hebrew Bible into Greek


Micah

From Hebrew מִיכָה (mīḵāh), shortened form of מִיכַיְהוּ (mīḵāyᵊhū, “who is like Yahweh”).

(biblical) A book of the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh.

The word of the LORD that came to Micah the Morasthite in the days of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, which he saw concerning Samaria and Jerusalem.

(biblical) Any of several men in the Old Testament:

The minor prophet and author of the Book of Micah.

Miga

Biblical character: minor prophet and author

An Ephraimite featured in Judges 17–18 and protagonist of the Micah’s idol narrative. Also called Michas.

Miga

Biblical character: Ephraimite featured in Judges 17–18


namaz

From Ottoman Turkish نماز (namâz) (Turkish namaz) and Urdu نماز (namāz), and their source, Classical Persian نماز (namāz).

Dr Jaffry was prostrated on a prayer carpet, finishing his evening namaz.

1993, William Dalrymple, City of Djinns, Penguin, published 2004, page 228:

He swung at me but I ducked and said, ‘Time for the fifth namaaz of the day, Prince.’

1997, Kiran Nagarkar, Cuckold, HarperCollins, published 2013, page 157:

(Islam, South Asia) Synonym of salat (“Islamic prayer”).


Haggai

der

Hebrew חַגַּי

(biblical) Hebrew prophet associated with the Book of Haggai.


yantra

Borrowed from Sanskrit यन्त्र (yantra, “instrument”).

(religion, Hinduism) Any object used as a meditation aid in tantric worship.


Nahum

Derived from Hebrew נַחוּם (nakhúm, “consolation”).

der+

(biblical) A book of the Tanakh / the Old Testament of the Bible.

(biblical) The minor prophet who wrote that book.


Obadiah

/ˌoʊbəˈdaɪə/

From Hebrew עובדיה (Ovadya, “servant of Yahweh”); comparable to Arabic عبد اللّٰه (ʕabd-allah, “servant of God”).

der

(biblical) A book of the Old Testament of the Bible, and of the Tanakh.

阿巴底亚书

Ŏ̤-bă-dī-ā-cṳ̆

The vision of Obadiah. Thus saith the Lord God concerning Edom; We have heard a rumour from the Lord, and an ambassador is sent among the heathen, Arise ye, and let us rise up against her in battle.


Zephaniah

(biblical) Hebrew prophet associated with the Book of Zephaniah


Akkub

(biblical) Any of several minor characters in the Hebrew Bible.

Acube

any of several minor characters in the Hebrew Bible


Hosea

From Latin Hōsēās, from Ancient Greek Ὡσηέ (Hōsēé), from Biblical Hebrew הוֹשֵׁעַ (hōšḗaʿ, “Hosea”), from the masculine singular imperative of הוֹשִׁיעַ (hoshía', “to save”).


Habakkuk

Borrowed from Biblical Hebrew חֲבַקּוּק (ḥăḇaqqūq). The name perhaps comes from חָבַק (ḥāḇaq, “embrace”), or perhaps from Akkadian 𒄩𒄠𒁀𒄣𒄣 (ḫambaqūqu [ḫa-am-ba-qu-qu], “garden herb”).

1988, Robert D. Haak, ""Poetry" in Habakkuk 1:1–2:4?". Journal of the American Oriental Society 108 (3): 437–444.
The present study concentrates on the various types of parallelism which may be observed within the prophetic text Habakkuk 1:1–2:4.

(biblical) A prophetic book in the Old Testament of the Bible, one of the minor prophets; or the eighth part of the Tere Asar in the Jewish Tanakh.

Of Habakkuk's personal life nothing is known with certainty, though it has been inferred, from the fact that he is termed specifically 'the prophet,' that he held a recognized position as prophet[…], and belonged, consequently, to the tribe of Levi.

1906, S. R. Driver, The Minor Prophets: Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi, The Century Bible, page 49:

(biblical) A Jewish prophet of the Old Testament; author of the book that bears his name.


adytum

Borrowed from Latin adytum, from Ancient Greek ἄδυτον (áduton, “innermost sanctuary; shrine”), inflected form of ἄδυτος (ádutos, “not to be entered”).

Let us now with minds free of paſſion, enter the adytum with an intent to find out its true figure, to examine what it really was, and what it is. […] This point is properly the door-way or entrance into the adytum, as a wicket or little door, whilſt the jambs of the hithermoſt trilithons preſent themſelves, as the greater door, of about 40 feet wide, 25 cubits. […] [T]he more ſacred part of the temple at Hierapolis anſwering to our Adytum, had no door, tho' none enter'd therein but the chief prieſts.

1740, William Stukeley, “Of the Cell or Adytum of Stonehenge. Of the Surgeons Amphitheater, London.”, in Stonehenge: A Temple Restor’d to the British Druids, London: Printed for W. Innys and R. Manby, […], →OCLC, page 23:

At the diſtance of about forty ſtadia from this temple of Æſculapius, there is an incloſure; and in it there is an adytum ſacred to Iſis. This is the moſt holy of every thing which the Greeks conſecrate to this goddeſs. For the Tithoreans neither think it proper to take up their reſidence there, nor to ſuffer any to enter the adytum, except ſuch as the goddeſs Iſis informs them by a dream ſhe thinks proper to admit.

1794, Pausanias, chapter XXXII, in [Thomas Taylor], transl., The Description of Greece, by Pausanias. Translated from the Greek. […] In Three Volumes, volume III, London: Printed for R. Faulder, […], →OCLC, book X (Phocics), pages 195–196:

(Ancient Greece, religion) The innermost sanctuary or shrine in a temple, from where oracles were given.

àditon

innermost sanctuary or shrine in an ancient temple


Zechariah

Book of Zechariah
Zechariah (Hebrew prophet)
Zechariah (priest)
Zechariah of Israel

/ˌzɛkəˈɹaɪə/

From Hebrew זְכַרְיָה (zəḵaryā, “the Lord has remembered”).

(biblical) A king of Israel mentioned in the second book of Kings.

(biblical) A book of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh.

(biblical) A Hebrew prophet traditionally considered the author of the Book of Zechariah, the eleventh of the Twelve Minor Prophets.

Sagaria

(biblical) A Hebrew priest, the father of John the Baptist.


Ezekiel

From Koine Greek Ἰεζεκιήλ (Iezekiḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יְחֶזְקֵאל (Y'ḥezqēl, “God strengthens”).

The word of the Lord came expressly unto Ezekiel the priest, the son of Buzi, in the land of the Chaldeans by the river Chebar; and the hand of the Lord was there upon him.

(biblical) A prophet mentioned in the Bible and in the Quran.


Malachi

→ Fijian: Malakai

→ English: Malakai (with Tongan Malakai)

→ Tongan: Malakai

→ English: Malakai (with Fijian Malakai)

From Latin Mālāchiās, from Ancient Greek Μαλαχίας (Malakhías), from Hebrew מַלְאָכִי (mal'achi, malʼāḵî, literally “my messenger”), singular form of מַלְאָךְ (mal'akh, “angel; messenger; ambassadors”) with first-person singular personal pronoun as possessor.

(biblical) A book of the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh.


Amos

From Biblical Hebrew עמוס (Amos, “to carry; a burden”).

亚摩士书

Ā-mò̤-sê̤ṳ-cṳ̆

(biblical) A prophet, author of the book of Amos.


Jeremiah

/ˌd͡ʒɛɹəˈmaɪə/

From Latin Jeremias, from Ancient Greek Ἰερεμίας (Ieremías), from Hebrew יִרְמְיָה (yirm'yá, “Jeremiah”, literally “Yahweh exalt”).

And Ieremiah lamented for Ioſiah, and all the ſinging men and the ſinging women ſpake of Ioſiah in their lamentations to this day, and made them an ordinance in Iſrael; and beholde, they are written in the Lamentations.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Chronicles 35:25, column 1:

(Abrahamism, biblical) An ancient prophet, the author of the Book of Jeremiah, and of the Lamentations.


Jonah

From the Hebrew יוֹנָה (yonáh, “dove”). Doublet of Jonas.

So they took up Jonah, and cast him forth into the sea: and the sea ceased from her raging.

(biblical) A minor prophet who was cast into the sea and swallowed by a great fish.


Law

(Christianity, biblical) the commandments in the Books of Moses, sometimes seen as transcended by Christ


versification

en-noun

versification (countable and uncountable, plural versifications)

(biblical) The process by which the books of the Bible were divided into verses; a particular way of dividing biblical books into verses


talapoin

From French talapoin, from Portuguese talapão, from Mon တၠဳ ပိုဲ (tloe poi, “our lord”).

(archaic, Buddhism) A Buddhist monk or priest.


preterist

/ˈpɹɛtəɹɪst/

(theology) An adherent of preterism; one who believes that the Biblical prophecies of the Apocalypse refer to historical events which have already taken place.


heavenly body

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-heavenly body.wav

(religion, chiefly Christianity) The recreated, angel-like body that people will have in heaven.


mindstream

(Buddhist philosophy) The succession of moments of consciousness proceeding endlessly from lifetime to lifetime.


confessionalism

confessionalism (countable and uncountable, plural confessionalisms)

Confessionalism (poetry)
Confessionalism (religion)

(religion) A belief in the importance of full and unambiguous assent to the whole of a religious teaching.


pluralism

pluralism (countable and uncountable, plural pluralisms)

(ecclesiastical) The state of a pluralist; the holding of more than one ecclesiastical living at a time.


venial sin

(Roman Catholicism, theology) A sin that is not a mortal sin; a sin that is not grave, or was not deliberate or was committed without a full understanding of the consequences.


deist

en-adj

deist (comparative more deist, superlative most deist)

more deist (comparative)
most deist (superlative)

From French déiste, from New Latin deista, from Latin Deus (“God”) + -ista (“-ist”).


deist

(religion) a person who believes in deism.


mortal sin

en-noun

mortal sin (countable and uncountable, plural mortal sins)

(Roman Catholicism, theology) A sin which causes the loss of God's grace, leading to eternal damnation, unless the sinner repents, which includes their intent to confess and atone; such a sin is defined as a grave transgression against one of the Ten Commandments with the full knowledge and deliberate consent of the sinner.

deadly sin

strictly a different concept, though often used interchangeably


fallen angel

(Christianity, Islam) An angel who rebelled against God and was exiled from heaven.


legalism

legalism (countable and uncountable, plural legalisms)

(religion) A belief that salvation is attained or maintained by adherence to the requirements of moral law; salvation by works rather than by faith alone.


Nathan

en-proper noun

Nathan (countable and uncountable, plural Nathans)

From Hebrew נָתָן (natán, “gave”). Also short for Jonathan.

And Dauids anger was greatly kindled against the man, and he said to Nathan, As the Lord liueth, the man that hath done this thing, shall surely die. And he shall restore the Lambe fourefold, because he did this thing, and because he had no pittie. And Nathan said to Dauid, Thou art the man: […]

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Samuel 12:5–7:

(biblical) An Old Testament prophet who advised King David.


Davidic

(biblical) Of, or relating to the Biblical King David and his descendants.


patroness

From Middle English patronesse, from Late Latin patronissa, from Classical Latin patrōnus; equivalent to patron + -ess.

And Night, the patronesse of love-stealth fayre, / Gave them safe conduct, till to end they came.

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto X”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

As a young girl, Sor Juana felt protected by Minerva's wisdom and knowledge, and this may explain why she felt connected to this goddess who was patroness of both wisdom and, “persons engaged in the learned professions.”

2014, Theresa A. Yugar, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, page 90:

(religion) A female patron goddess or saint.


hebdomad

From Late Latin hebdomada (“number seven; group of seven; seven days”), hebdomas (“number seven; seven days; seventh day”), from Ancient Greek ἑβδομάς (hebdomás, “group of seven, especially seven days or seven years”), from ἑπτά (heptá, “seven”) + -ᾰ́ς (-ás, suffix forming abstract nouns of number from numerals). The word is cognate with French hebdomadaire, hebdo (“weekly periodical”), hebdomadairement (“weekly”), Portuguese hebdomadário (“weekly periodical”), Spanish hebdomadario (“weekly; weekly periodical; hebdomadary”).

cog

When, then, the Great Archon had been orally instructed, and every creature of the Ogdoad had been orally instructed and taught, and [after] the mystery became known to the celestial [powers], it was also necessary that afterwards the Gospel should come to the Hebdomad, in order likewise that the Archon of the Hebdomad might be similarly instructed and indoctrinated into the Gospel.

1868, Hippolytus of Rome, chapter XIV, in J. H. MacMahon, transl., edited by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson, The Refutation of All Heresies, by Hippolytus: […] (Ante-Nicene Christian Library: Translations of the Writings of the Fathers down to A.D. 325; VI (Hippolytus, Bishop of Rome)), volume I, Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, […]; London: Hamilton & Co.; Dublin: John Robertson & Co., →OCLC, book VII (Of the Refutation of All Heresies), page 284:

The light came down from the Hebdomad upon Jesus the Son of Mary. That this descent of the light was represented as taking place at the Annunciation, and not merely at the Baptism, is clearly implied in the express reference to the words of the angel in Luke i. 35, "A Holy Spirit shall come upon thee," [...]

1877, Fenton John Anthony Hort, “Basilides”, in William Smith, Henry Wace, editors, A Dictionary of Christian Biography, Literature, Sects and Doctrines: […], volumes I (A–D), Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown, and Company, →OCLC, page 273, column 1:

(Gnosticism) A group of seven world-creating archons (supernatural beings) often regarded as somewhat hostile; also, a term of address for the Demiurge (“a being sometimes seen as the creator of evil”).


Levi

Ultimately from Biblical Hebrew לֵוִי (Leví), of uncertain origin. Doublet of Lewi.

Now the sons of Jacob were twelve: ²³ The sons of Leah; Reuben, Jacob's firstborn, and Simeon, and Levi, and Judah, and Issachar, and Zebulun: ²⁴ The sons of Rachel; Joseph, and Benjamin: ²⁵ And the sons of Bilhah, Rachel's handmaid; Dan, and Naphtali: ²⁶ And the sons of Zilpah, Leah's handmaid; Gad, and Asher: these are the sons of Jacob, which were born to him in Padan-aram.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 35:22b-26:

(biblical) The third son of Jacob, by his wife Leah.


wobbler

(slang, British, Ireland, Islam, derogatory) a Salafi.


Salome

From Ancient Greek Σαλώμη (Salṓmē), from Hebrew שְׁלוֹמִית (sh'lomít) (belonging to the same root as שָׁלוֹם (shalóm, “peace”)).

en:Salome
en:Salome (disambiguation)
en:Salome (disciple)
en:Salome (given name)

(biblical) A woman mentioned in Mark 16:1, present at the crucifixion of Christ.


Hebrews

(biblical) The nineteenth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle to the Hebrews.

ਇਬਰਾਨੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ

ibarānīā̃ nū̃


rupa

From Sanskrit रूप (rūpá, “form, shape, figure”).

bor

(Buddhism) form, shape, outward appearance.


universal opportunity

(theology) The idea, particularly in Christianity, that an opportunity to follow the deity, e.g. Jesus, will be an option at the time of death.


nasi

Borrowed from Arabic نَسِيء (nasīʔ, literally “postponement”).

(Islam) The intercalation of a month in the calendar of pre-Islamic Arabia, often considered heretical.


marga

en-noun

marga (countable and uncountable, plural margas)

Borrowed from Sanskrit मार्ग (mārga). Doublet of marg.

noble eightfold path
noble eightfold path


spiritual violence

(religion) The persecution of a person or group on religious grounds, without actual physical violence.


Shemaiah

From the Biblical Hebrew שְׁמַעְיָה (“[whom] God heard”).

uder

(biblical) Any of several people in the Tanakh, and Christian Old Testament:

A prophet in the reign of Rehoboam (1 Kings 12:22-24).

A Levite in the time of David, who with 200 of his brethren took part in the bringing up of the ark from Obed-edom to Hebron (1 Chr. 15:8).

The eldest son of Obed-edom (1 Chr. 26:4-8).

A false prophet who hindered the rebuilding of Jerusalem (Neh. 6:10).

A prince of Judah who assisted at the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem (Neh. 12:34-36).

A false prophet who opposed Jeremiah (Jer. 29:24-32).

One of the Levites whom Jehoshaphat appointed to teach the law (2 Chr. 17:8).

A Levite appointed to "distribute the oblations of the Lord" (2 Chr. 31:15).

The father of Urijah the prophet (Jer. 26:20).

The father of a prince in the reign of Jehoiakim (Jer. 36:12).

A rabbinic sage who was leader of the Pharisees in 1st century BC.


showbread

en-noun

showbread (countable and uncountable, plural showbreads)

There is sett on the Board a high heap of Soule-cakes lyeing one upon another like the picture of the Sew-Bread in the old Bibles.

1687, John Aubrey, Remaines of Gentilisme and Judaisme, page 23:

(religion) The twelve loaves of bread placed daily by the Jewish priests in the Holy Place on the table.


mara

Mara means demon, or demonic influence, that hinders the practice of virtue. It may be an external spirit or an aspect of our own imperfect condition. All hindrances on the path to liberation are subsumed under the four maras. The first mara is the mara of the aggregates.[…]The second of the maras is the mara of the afflictions, which are the same as the afflictive obstructions. They are identified as a mara because they precipitate all harmful actions, from malicious gossip to murder.[…]The third mara is Devaputra, literally "son of a god," an external troublemaker who specializes in interfering with beings who are endeavoring to achieve something positive.[…]The last mara is the mara of death.

2011, Graham Woodhouse, Lobsang Gyatso, Tsongkhapa's Praise for Dependent Relativity, Wisdom Publications, page 20:

(Buddhism) A type of god that prevents accomplishment or success.

魔羅

Buddhism: god preventing accomplishment or success

The mara is the spirit that causes illness, accidents, and mishaps. The only protection against it is another mara who befriends a person or a group. A mara who becomes friendly is called a gunik. This transformation occurs when a mara comes to a person in a dream and states a desire to be friendly. But there are deceitful maras who pretend to be friendly, yet will betray the person who trusts them.

2002, Sarvananda Bluestone, The World Dream Book, page 73:

(Buddhism) Any malicious or evil spirit.


opus operatum

(religion) The spiritual effect in the performance of a religious rite which accrues from the virtue inherent in it, or by grace imparted to it, irrespective of the performer.


predestination

predestination (countable and uncountable, plural predestinations)

From Middle English predestinacion, from Old French predestination, from Late Latin praedēstinātiō. Displaced native Old English foreteohhung.

(theology) The doctrine that everything has been foreordained by God or by fate.


commandment

commandment (countable and uncountable, plural commandments)

Inherited from Middle English comaundement, from Old French comandement, from comander. See command.

inh+

A new commandement I giue vnto you, That yee loue one another, as I haue loued you, that yee alſo loue one another.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, John 13:34:

But besides having the bent of the affections towards Him, and desiring His favour, His near presence with us, there is that great rule of His, “This is love, that we walk after His commandments.”

1869, T. Valpy French, The Old Commandment New and True in Christ […] , Seeley, Jackson, and Halliday, page 256:

Even those commandments which have a rational basis are kept by Jews only because that is God's will (Aruch HaShulchan). This lesson is encapsulated in the story of Dama ben Nesina.

1998, Moshe Lieber, The Fifth Commandment: Honoring Parents : Laws, Insights, Stories and Ideas, Mesorah Publications, →ISBN, page 30:

(religion) A divinely ordained command, especially one of the Ten Commandments.