aromaticity

aromaticity (countable and uncountable, plural aromaticities)

(organic chemistry) The property of being aromatic, i.e. having at least one conjugated ring.

芳香性

organic chemistry: property of having at least one conjugated ring


cyclopentadienyl

(organic chemistry) The univalent anion derived from cyclopentadiene; contains a ring of delocalized electrons; forms metallocene compounds with transition metals.


erythorbate

From erythorbic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

af

(organic chemistry) any salt or ester of erythorbic acid


alpha-lactam

(organic chemistry) A lactam having a three-membered ring structure.


beta-lactam

From beta + lactam, where beta refers to the position of the carbon atom to which the nitrogen is attached.

(organic chemistry) A lactam having a four-membered ring structure; a structural element of many antibiotics such as penicillin.


benzo

(organic chemistry) Of a ring compound, especially a heterocycle, which also has a fused benzene ring.


benzo

(organic chemistry) A divalent radical formed by the removal of two adjacent hydrogen atoms from a benzene ring.

(organic chemistry) Sometimes used in place of the phenyl group.


metallocene

From metallo- + c(yclopentadi)ene. First used in ferrocene.

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds containing two cyclopentadienyl anions and a transition metal whose bonding involves overlap of ns and np orbitals of the metal with molecular orbitals of appropriate symmetry of each cyclopentadienyl ring; the rings are parallel to each other, or sometimes canted.


strychnine

en-noun

strychnine (usually uncountable, plural strychnines)

From French strychnine, from Greek στρύχνος (strýchnos, “sleepy nightshade”) (or directly from Ancient Greek στρύχνον (strúkhnon)) + -ine.

der

(organic chemistry) A very toxic, colourless crystalline alkaloid, derived from nux vomica, used as a pesticide

strychnin

very toxic, colourless, crystalline alkaloid


critical micelle concentration

en-noun

critical micelle concentration (plural critical micelle concentrations)

critical micelle concentrations (plural)

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) The well-defined concentration at which micelles start to form.


oxycodone

They ingest Ambien, Seroquel, LSD, Adderall, Oxycodone, cocaine, Flexeril, Percocet, psilocybin mushrooms and codeine.

2013 June 4, Dwight Garner, “A Literary Mind, Under the Spell of Drugs and a MacBook”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) An addictive, semisynthetic opioid (trademark OxyContin) that is similar to morphine in effect and structure; C₁₈H₂₁NO₄.


tertiary butyl

(organic chemistry) The univalent organic radical (CH₃)₃C-


BHA

Among the effective agents, studies in animals and people indicate, are the preservatives BHA and BHT, which are commonly added to cereals and baked goods, and a group of chemicals naturally present in such vegetables as cabbage, Brussels sprouts and broccoli.

1979 March 6, Jane E. Brody, “Cancer‐Blocking Agents Found in Foods”, in The New York Times:

butylated hydroxyanisole
butylated hydroxyanisole#English

(organic chemistry) Initialism of butylated hydroxyanisole.


hydroxyanisole

Although BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole) and BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) are avoided by some consumers because several studies have suggested they may be toxic or carcinogenic (they are banned in Britain), these antioxidants have also been shown to inhibit the action of cancer-causing chemicals, and BHT has been shown to suppress the growth of harmful viruses.

1985 May 1, Jane E. Brody, “PERSONAL HEALTH; HOW INNOVATIONS AFFECT SAFETY AND NUTRITION”, in The New York Times:

In high school, I realized I needed more than just sugar to live, so every day I would buy and consume an entire bag of Goldfish (that elusive pizza flavor really is the best). Who needed multiple food groups? Artificial flavors? Count me in. Butylated hydroxyanisole? Yum!

2016 December 13, Aya Cash, “Aya Cash: The First Time I Ate a Vegetable (I Was 22)”, in The New York Times:

(organic chemistry) Any of three isomers of methoxyphenol, especially 4-methoxyphenol.


BHT

The group said that the preservative was unnecessary, and that it was possible to find competing products side by side on grocery shelves, some with BHT and others without it.

1977 July 28, “BHT, A Food Preservative, Called Dangerous to the Public's Health”, in The New York Times:

butylated hydroxytoluene
butylated hydroxytoluene#English

(organic chemistry) Initialism of butylated hydroxytoluene.


butylated hydroxytoluene

The Food and Drug Administration earlier this year seized a common food preservative, butylated hydroxytoluene, known simply as BHT, from Life Extension Products in Dania and Hollywood, Fla., after the product had been advertised as a treatment for herpes and AIDS, an agency spokesman said. The agency said the claims had not been proved in scientific tests.

1987 August 30, Katherine Bishop, “Authorities Act Against AIDS 'Cures'”, in The New York Times:

(organic chemistry) A substituted phenol used as a fat-soluble antioxidant in some food.


butylated hydroxyanisole

(organic chemistry) Either of two isomers of tertiary butyl-4-hydroxyanisole used as a fat-soluble antioxidant in some food.


pyrocatechin

(obsolete, organic chemistry) pyrocatechol


pyrethrin

Ecoparasite control, with appropriate concentrations of carbaryl, malathion, or pyrethrin dusts, is permissible if the agent is applied externally to both test and control animals not less than seven days prior to the start of the test.

1983, D. E. Kaukeinen, Vertebrate Pest Control and Management Materials, page 102:

The biggest risk raised in the findings, Mr. Abecassis said, is the exposure to pesticides, which have been linked to a range of serious illnesses including fatal cancers and organ damage. Six of the tested products contained chemicals like myclobutanil and pyrethrins in concentrations far above state limits, according to the analysis.

2022 December 1, Ashley Southall, “What’s in New York’s Illicit Cannabis: Germs, Toxins and Metals”, in The New York Times:

(organic chemistry) Any of a number of naturally occurring insecticides extracted from the pyrethrum plant; unusual in having a cyclopropane ring.


citraconic acid

(organic chemistry) one of the isomeric dicarboxylic acids produced by the distillation of citric acid, or as metabolites by microorganisms, cis-CH₃-C(CO₂H)=CHCO₂H; the trans-isomer is mesaconic acid


mesaconic acid

(organic chemistry) one of the isomeric dicarboxylic acids produced by the distillation of citric acid, or as metabolites by microorganisms, trans-CH₃-C(CO₂H)=CHCO₂H; the cis-isomer is citraconic acid


pyrethrum

pyrethrum (countable and uncountable, plural pyrethrums)

/paɪˈɹiθɹəm/

From Old English pyretre, from (and later reformed after) Latin pyrethrum (in Pliny), from Hellenistic Ancient Greek πύρεθρον (púrethron).

(organic chemistry) Any of several insecticides obtained from these plants; pyrethrin.


disulfane

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-disulfane.wav

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound containing two sulfur atoms joined together.


pyrocellulose

(organic chemistry) nitrocellulose (cellulose nitrate) used in the manufacture of smokeless powder.


cyanuric

(organic chemistry) Of, related to, or derived from cyanuric acid


itaconic acid

Anagram of aconitic, modelled on German Itaconsäure as an anagram of Aconitsäure (“aconitic acid”), coined by Gustav Crasso (1840).

(organic chemistry) One of the isomeric dicarboxylic acids produced by the distillation of citric acid, or as metabolites by microorganisms, CH₂=C(CO₂H)-CH₂CO₂H.


pyroligneous acid

destructive distillation
destructive distillation

(organic chemistry) A dark liquid, produced by destructive distillation of wood; containing acetic acid, methanol, oils and tars; once used as a commercial source of acetic acid.


dimethyl disulfane

(organic chemistry) The organic compound CH₃-S-S-CH₃; it is a pheromone associated with some flies and ants.


pyromalic acid

(obsolete, organic chemistry) Maleic acid.


pyromucate

From pyromucic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of pyromucic acid.


pyroxanthin

pyroxanthin (countable and uncountable, plural pyroxanthins)

(organic chemistry) A yellow, crystalline substance obtained from creosote etc; it seems to be a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.


furfural

furfural (countable and uncountable, plural furfurals)

/ˈfɝfjəˌɹæl/

(organic chemistry) A heterocyclic aldehyde derivative of furan, obtained commercially from bran, with several industrial uses.


pyrroline

(organic chemistry) Any of three isomeric monounsaturated heterocycles having a five-membered ring and one nitrogen atom C₄H₇N; any derivative of these compounds


pyrrolidine

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of heterocyclic amines having a saturated five-membered ring; especially the parent compound of this class, C₄H₉N.


xanthene

Internationalism reflecting New Latin combining forms: xanth- + -ene.

(organic chemistry) Any of a group of tricyclic heterocycles (dibenzopyrans) that are the basis for a range of dyes such as fluorescein and eosin.

xantè

chemistry: any of a group of tricyclic heterocycles


morphine alkaloid

morphine alkaloid (plural morphine alkaloids)

Papaver somniferum
Papaver somniferum#Translingual

(organic chemistry) A group of about twenty closely related compounds obtained from the dried latex that exudes from the seed capsule of the opium poppy Papaver somniferum.


stibine

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-stibine.wav

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry) antimony hydride, SbH₃; a poisonous gas, sometimes used as a fumigant; any organic derivative of this compound.


stannane

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-stannane.wav

(organic chemistry) Any related organotin compound


selane

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry) hydrogen selenide, H₂Se; organic selenide R-Se-R'


alane

(organic chemistry) Any organic derivative of this compound.


alanyl

(organic chemistry) The univalent acyl radical, CH₃CH(NH₂)CO-, derived from the amino acid alanine.


carbane

(nonstandard, organic chemistry) A proposed systematic name for methane.


trioxolane

(organic chemistry) A five-membered, saturated heterocycle, containing two carbon atoms and three oxygen atoms; any derivative of this compound


CAR

CAR (countable and uncountable, plural CARs)

(uncountable, organic chemistry) Abbreviation of carnitine.


cycloalkyl

(organic chemistry) Any univalent radical derived from a cycloalkane by removal of an atom of hydrogen


organoheteryl

(organic chemistry) any univalent radical, containing carbon, but which has its free valence at an atom other than carbon


arsinic acid

arsinic acid (countable and uncountable, plural arsinic acids)

(organic chemistry) Any hydrocarbyl derivative of this acid.


tetracene

tetracene (countable and uncountable, plural tetracenes)

(organic chemistry) A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; the acene containing four fused rings, isomeric with tetraphene; any derivative of this compound.


diether

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound having two ether functional groups.


hydrocarbyl

(organic chemistry) Any univalent radical, derived from a hydrocarbon, such as methyl or phenyl.


acyloxyl

(organic chemistry) Any univalent radical containing an acyl functional group bonded to an oxygen atom having a free valence on the oxygen atom; RC(=O)O-


terminal acetylene

terminal acetylene (plural terminal acetylenes)

(organic chemistry) Any acetylene (alkyne) having the triple bond attached to a terminal carbon atom; R-CC-H.


acylal

(organic chemistry) Any diester of a geminal diol; R₂C(OCOR')₂.


vicinal diol

(organic chemistry) Any diol in which the two hydroxy functional groups are attached to adjacent carbon atoms.


acyloin

(organic chemistry) Any α-hydroxy ketone.


acyl bromide

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound containing an acyl functional group directly attached to a bromine atom.


acetonide

(organic chemistry) Any cyclic acetal derived from acetone and a diol, especially from a vicinal diol such as a sugar

acetonida

any cyclic acetal derived from acetone and a diol


geminal diol

(organic chemistry) Any diol in which the two hydroxy functional groups are attached to the same carbon atom.


acyl halide

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound containing an acyl functional group directly attached to a halogen.


acyl iodide

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound containing an acyl functional group directly attached to a iodine atom.


acyl chloride

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound containing an acyl functional group (R-CO-) directly attached to a chlorine atom (R-CO-Cl).


acyl fluoride

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound containing an acyl functional group directly attached to a fluorine atom.


diester

(organic chemistry) any organic compound containing two ester functional groups


polyhydroxy

(organic chemistry) Having three or more hydroxy functional groups.


acetylide

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound derived from acetylene or a terminal acetylene by replacing a hydrogen atom with a metal.


aldaric acid

(organic chemistry) Any of a group of polyhydroxy dicarboxylic acids derived from an aldose by oxidation at both terminal carbon atoms.


pentacene

pentacene (countable and uncountable, plural pentacenes)

(organic chemistry) A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; the acene containing five fused rings.


alkoxide

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound derived from an alcohol by replacement of a hydrogen atom with a metal or other cationic species

alkoksidi

alcohol-derived compound formed by replacing a hydrogen atom with another cationic species


alcoholate

water of crystallization
water of crystallization

(obsolete, organic chemistry) A crystalline salt containing alcohol in place of water of crystallization.


acene

(organic chemistry) Any polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon containing a rectilinear arrangement of fused benzene rings.


diol

(organic chemistry) any organic compound having two hydroxy functional groups


iod-

(organic chemistry) Alternative form of iodo-; used mainly before a vowel.


aldazine

(organic chemistry) An azine derived from an aldehyde; general formula RCH=NN=CHR


ketazine

(organic chemistry) An azine derived from a ketone; general formula R₂C=NN=CR₂


aldoketose

(organic chemistry) Synonym of ketoaldose


aldimine

(organic chemistry) An imine derived from an aldehyde; general formula RCH=NR


nicotinamide

nicotinamide (countable and uncountable, plural nicotinamides)

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) The amide of nicotinic acid (or niacin).

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate


alcoholysis

alcoholysis (countable and uncountable, plural alcoholyses)

(organic chemistry) Solvolysis using an alcohol.


hemiacetal

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of compounds of general formula R₁R₂C(OH)OR' (where R' is not H and R₁ or R₂ is often hydrogen).


polyol

a team at the Ames Research Center in California announced that the Murchison rock also contained complex strings of sugars called polyols, which had not been found off the Earth before.

2003, Bill Bryson, A Short History of Nearly Everything, BCA, published 2003, page 258:

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound having multiple hydroxyl functional groups, such as polyhydric alcohols.

-itol

and its derivatives: polyhydric alcohols


alditol

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of acyclic polyols formally derived from an aldose by reduction of the carbonyl functional group.


urushiol

urushiol (countable and uncountable, plural urushiols)

/ʊˈɹuːʃiˌɔl/

From Japanese 漆 (うるし, urushi, “lacquer tree”) + -ol (“oil”).

der

All three produce an oil, called urushiol, that is a potent allergen. Urushiol is most abundant in the leaves and stems of these plants...

Poison ivy vines also contain the irritating oil urushiol, so it is important to be able to recognize them in winter.

1993, Jacquelyn G. Black, Microbiology: principles and applications:

Upon exposure to air, urushiol can turn dark brown, which makes it easier to spot.

2000, C. Franklin Goldsmith, Shannon E. G. Hamrick, H. James Hamrick, The Best Hikes of Pisgah National Forest:

(organic chemistry) An oil found in plants of the family Anacardiaceae, causing an allergic skin rash on contact; consists of a variable mixture of several related organic compounds.


ketimine

(organic chemistry) An imine derived from a ketone; general formula R₂C=NR


ketoxime

(organic chemistry) Any oxime derived from a ketone; general formula R₂C=NOH


alkanium

(organic chemistry) any carbocation obtained by hydrogenation of an alkane


aldoxime

(organic chemistry) Any oxime derived from an aldehyde; general formula RCH=NOH


alkanium ion

(organic chemistry) Any carbocation obtained by hydrogenation of an alkane.


bridged carbocation

en-noun

bridged carbocation (plural bridged carbocations)

(organic chemistry) Any carbenium ion in which the positive charge is distributed among two or more carbon atoms, and the structure is best represented by one in which a hydrogen atom, or hydrocarbon residue, bridges these carbon atoms.


alkanediyl

(organic chemistry) Any of a series of divalent radicals of the general formula CₙH₂ₙ derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons. Unless specified otherwise, such alkanediyls include substituted alkanediyls.


aldonic acid

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of polyhydroxy carboxylic acids derived from an aldose by oxidation of the aldehyde functional group.

ácido aldônico

any of a class of polyhydroxy carboxylic acids


carbonium ion

(organic chemistry) a carbenium ion or any carbocation


alkylidyne

(organic chemistry) Any carbene, of general formula RC^.:, having a univalent carbon atom.


alkylidene

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of divalent functional groups derived from an alkane by removal of two hydrogen atoms from the same carbon atom, the free valencies being part of a double bond - R₂C=

alquilideno

functional group derived from an alkane by removal of two hydrogen atoms from the same carbon atom


alkylene

(obsolete, organic chemistry) An alkene.

(obsolete, organic chemistry) An alkanediyl functional group, especially one having the free valencies of adjacent carbon atoms.


heterocumulene

(organic chemistry) Any compound formally derived from a cumulene by replacing one or more carbon atoms of the cumulative bond system by another atom e.g. O=C=C=C=O


heteroallene

(organic chemistry) Any compound formally derived from an allene by replacing one or more carbon atoms of the cumulative bond system by another atom e.g. O=C=O (carbon dioxide) or CH₂=C=O (ketene).


propadiene

(organic chemistry) the simplest allene, CH₂=C=CH₂


cumulene

(organic chemistry) Any hydrocarbon (or derivative) having three or more cumulative double bonds; e.g., R₂C=C=C=CR₂.


amidrazone

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of nitrogen derivatives of carboxylic acids having a tautomeric structure represented by the general formulas RC(=NH)NHNH₂ and RC(NH₂)=NNH₂


amic acid

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound that has both a carboxylic acid and an amide functional group.


amide hydrazone

amide hydrazone (plural amide hydrazones)


carbene

(organic chemistry) Any short-lived, reactive species R₂C:, especially the parent compound CH₂: (also called methylene).


aldose

The saccharides include such substances as dextrose and levulose, which are typical examples of the two classes into which these bodies are divisible, viz. the Aldoses and Ketoses.

1895, Richard Lloyd Whiteley, chapter XXXV, in Organic Chemistry: The Fatty Compounds, London, New York: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, page 263:

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) Any of a class of monosaccharides having an aldehyde or hemiacetal functional group.


amidine

i.e RₙX(=O)OH => RₙX(=NR)NR₂ where X is C, S, P etc

(organic chemistry) any of several classes of organic compound, formally derived from oxoacids by replacement of the hydroxy group with an amino group, and the oxo group with =NR

амидин

an organic compound derived from oxoacids


oxime

In contrast, a water-repellent substance, for example, fluoric resin or Teflon, is extremely nonaffinitive with the oily oxime hydrochlorides and has a nature to repel it.

1969, B. Albertson, Photochemical Processes, page 84:

Treatment for novichok exposure would be the same as for other nerve agents, with atropine, diazepam and drugs called oximes.

2018 March 13, Ian Sample, The Guardian:

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds, of general formula RR'C=NOH, derived from the condensation of an aldehyde (R' = H) or ketone with hydroxylamine.


allene

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of hydrocarbons having two double bonds from one carbon atom to two others - R₂C=C=CR₂; especially the parent compound CH₂=C=CH₂ (propadiene).

(organic chemistry) Any derivative of such hydrocarbons.


hemiaminal

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound having both an amino and a hydroxy functional group attached to the same carbon atom; they are synthesized by reacting ammonia or an amine with an aldehyde or ketone.

hémiaminal

organic compound with an amino and a hydroxy group on the same carbon atom


geminal diamine

geminal diamine (plural geminal diamines)


aminal

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound having two amino functional groups attached to the same carbon atom - R₂C(NR₂)₂

amine

organic compound with two amino groups on the same carbon atom


amine imide

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds formally derived from an amine and a nitrene - R₃N⁺-N⁻R


amine oxide

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compound formed by addition of an oxygen atom to an amine - R₃N⁺-O⁻, but sometimes written R₃N=O.


gallic acid

trihydroxybenzoic acid
trihydroxybenzoic acid

(organic chemistry) a phenolic carboxylic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, found in galls, tea, the bark of some trees etc; a constituent of tannin


ylide

From the resonance structure between the covalent form (-yl, where the carbanion exists as a methylidenyl group) and the ionic form (-ide, as in methanide).

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound in which two adjacent atoms are connected by both a covalent and an ionic bond; normally written X⁺–Y⁻


nitrene

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound, the univalent nitrogen equivalent of a carbene, having general formula RN:


gallate

From gall(ium) + -ate (“salt or ester”).

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of gallic acid.


isodiazene

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic nitrogen compounds, related to carbenes, whose structure can be represented as R₂NN: <=> R₂N⁺=N⁻.


amino sugar

(organic chemistry) any monosaccharide in which a single hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino group


aminoxide

(organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry) the anion H₂NO⁻, and its derivatives R₂NO⁻, formed from hydroxylamines by loss of a proton

aminóxido

anion formed from hydroxylamines by loss of a proton


azene

(organic chemistry) Any of a family of compounds of nitrogen and hydrogen that have -N=N- double bonds


ammonium ylide

(organic chemistry) Any dipolar organic compound of general formula R₃N⁺-C⁻R₂


annulenylidene

(organic chemistry) Any carbene derived from an odd-numbered annulene by conversion of the CH₂ group to C:


antiaromaticity

(organic chemistry) The state of being antiaromatic.


diarsine

(organic chemistry) any organic derivative of diarsane


mancude-ring system

mancude-ring system (plural mancude-ring systems)

Shortened from MAximum number of NonCUmulative DoublE bonds.

(rare, organic chemistry) Any organic compound, in the form of a ring, that has the maximum number of noncumulative double bonds; e.g. benzene or indole.


arenium ion

(organic chemistry) Any cation formed by the addition of a proton or other cationic species to an arene.


arene epoxide

(organic chemistry) Any epoxide formally derived from an arene by the addition of an oxygen atom to a double bond.


ansa compound

(organic chemistry) Any cyclophane in which the para positions of a benzene ring are connected by a bridge of at least 10 atoms.


annulene

(organic chemistry) Any monocyclic hydrocarbon, of general formula CₙHₙ (where n is even), or CₙHₙ₊₁ (where n is odd).


anomer

(organic chemistry) Any diastereoisomer of a sugar or derivative differing in configuration only at C-1 of an aldose or C-2 of a ketose.


antiaromatic

(organic chemistry) Describing a cyclic compound having an even number of alternating single and double bonds, e.g. cyclobutadiene.

antiaromático

of a cyclic compound: having an even number of alternating single single and double bonds


anilide

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound derived from an oxoacid by replacement of a hydroxyl group by an aniline residue; an amide of aniline.

(organic chemistry) Any compound in which one of the nitrogen-bound protons of aniline is replaced by a metal or other cation.


anthocyanidin

(organic chemistry) An aglycone of an anthocyanin.


arene

(organic chemistry) Any monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.


anil

anil (countable and uncountable, plural anils)

→ Irish: anail

From Middle French anil, Portuguese anil.

(organic chemistry) Any imine in which the N-radical is a phenyl (or substituted phenyl) group.

(organic chemistry) 1,4-Benzoquinones including chloranil, DDQ, bromanil, & cyanil.


arsanylidene

(organic chemistry) the arsenic analogue of a carbene R-As:


arsanylium ion

(organic chemistry) any organic derivative of this cation


arsine oxide

arsine oxide (countable and uncountable, plural arsine oxides)

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry) The derivative of arsine H₃As=O, or its organic derivatives.


arsinous acid

(organic chemistry) Any of its hydrocarbyl derivatives.


arsonic acid

(organic chemistry) any hydrocarbyl derivative of this compound


arsonium compound

arsonium compound (plural arsonium compounds)

quaternary ammonium compound
quaternary ammonium compound

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry) Any compound containing a cation of general formula R₄As⁺; the arsenic analog of quaternary ammonium compounds.


aryne

(organic chemistry) Any hydrocarbon, normally a transient species, derived from an arene by removal of two hydrogen atoms from adjacent carbon atoms, and thus possessing a formal triple bond; the simplest is benzyne


arsonous acid

(organic chemistry) any of its hydrocarbyl derivatives


azinic acid

(organic chemistry) Any organic derivative of H₂N⁺O⁻OH, especially the alkylidene derivatives R₂C=N⁺O⁻OH - the nitronic acids.


azlactone

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds formed by the cyclization of N-acyl-α-amino acids; they are five-membered heterocycles containing both a nitrogen and oxygen atom in the ring, with the oxygen adjacent to a carbonyl.


azine

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds, having the general formula R₂C=NN=CR₂, produced by the action of a carbonyl compound with hydrazine.

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of heterocyclic compounds containing a nitrogen atom as part of the ring structure, particularly those with six-membered aromatic rings (e.g., pyridine) or fused-ring systems.


azonic acid

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds of general formula RN⁺(O⁻)(OH)₂


azomethine

(organic chemistry) any of a class of organic compounds of general formula RN=CR'₂, especially the parent compound in which R' is H


cyclization

cyclization (countable and uncountable, plural cyclizations)

The dehydrogenation reactions may involve isomerization and cyclization as well as the formation of olefins and unsaturated compounds generally.

1936, Aristid V. Grosse, "Dehydrogenation of Hydrocarbons", US Patent 2148129 http://www.google.com/patents?id=leFGAAAAEBAJ, page 1

(organic chemistry) The process of cyclizing, of becoming or causing to become aromatic.


benzenonium ion

benzenonium ion (plural benzenonium ions)

(obsolete, organic chemistry) A benzenium ion.


benzenium ion

(organic chemistry) Any arenium ion derived from benzene or its derivatives.


benzylic

(organic chemistry) containing the benzyl (C₆H₅-CH₂-) radical or any of its derivatives


betweenane

(organic chemistry) Any bicyclic alkene having a double bond, each trans position of which is joined by a chain of carbon atoms.


betaine

betaine (countable and uncountable, plural betaines)

From New Latin, from Latin bēta (“beet”) + -ine.

(uncountable, organic chemistry) A sweet, crystalline compound (not an alkaloid), trimethylammoniumacetate, found in sugar beet and similar plants, sometimes used to treat muscular degeneracy; the zwitterion (CH₃)₃N⁺CH₂COO⁻

(countable, organic chemistry) Any derivative of this compound.

(countable, organic chemistry, by extension) Any similar compound, based on sulfur or phosphorus etc, having an onium ion with no hydrogen atom adjacent to the anionic atom.


iodonium

iodonium (countable and uncountable, plural iodoniums)

(organic chemistry) Any organic derivative of this cation


sulfonium

sulfonium (countable and uncountable, plural sulfoniums)

(organic chemistry) any derivative of this cation in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic radicals


boranylidene

(organic chemistry) Any molecular species of general formula RB:; the boron analogue of carbenes.


bismuthine

(organic chemistry) any hydrocarbyl derivative of bismuthane


block macromolecule

block macromolecule (plural block macromolecules)

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) any macromolecule composed of a linear sequence of blocks


chlorohydrin

(organic chemistry) Any halohydrin in which the halogen is chlorine.


fluorohydrin

(organic chemistry) Any halohydrin in which the halogen is fluorine.


borinic acid

borinic acid (countable and uncountable, plural borinic acids)

(organic chemistry) Any compound of general formula R₂BOH.


iodohydrin

(organic chemistry) Any halohydrin in which the halogen is iodine.


chloronium ion

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry) any halonium ion in which the halogen is chlorine


heteroaromatic

(organic chemistry) having the characteristics of an aromatic compound whilst having at least one non-carbon atom in the ring


heteroaromatic

(organic chemistry) Any aromatic heterocycle


block polymer

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) A polymer which is a block macromolecule.


cage compound

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) any polycyclic compound having the form of a cage


carbanion

(organic chemistry) any organic anion of general formula R₃C⁻


carbene analogue

carbene analogue (plural carbene analogues)

(organic chemistry) Any of several hydrides having a similar structure to that of carbene.


bromohydrin

(organic chemistry) Any halohydrin in which the halogen is bromine.


bisphenol

Researchers analysed samples of nurdles and burnt lumps of plastic from four Sri Lankan beaches for heavy metals and various chemicals, including benzotriazole UV-stabilisers, which are used to prevent discoloration in plastics, bisphenols and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

2022 February 9, Karen McVeigh, “‘Oil spills of our time’: experts sound alarm about plastic lost in cargo ship disasters ”, in The Guardian, Guardian Media Group, retrieved 2022-02-11, Seascape: the state of our oceans:

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds, derived from methylenediphenol, CH₂(C₆H₄OH)₂, formed by the condensation of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone.


carbodiimide

(organic chemistry) the compound HN=C=NH, or any of its hydrocarbyl derivatives


carboxamidine

(organic chemistry) any compound of general formula RC(=NR)NR₂


carbenoid

en-adj

carbenoid (comparative more carbenoid, superlative most carbenoid)

more carbenoid (comparative)
most carbenoid (superlative)

(organic chemistry) characteristic of a carbene


carbenoid

The combination of an electron-withdrawing (EWG) and an electrondonating substituent (EDG) on the carbenoid appears to be the crucial requirement for high diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity when the rhodium(II) prolinate system is used.

Aldrichimica Acta Volume 30 No 4 (pdf) from Sigma-Aldrich (referring to a carbon atom with a diazo group, which departs as nitrogen leaving a carbene that reacts with another reagent)

(organic chemistry) any molecular entity having the characteristics of a carbene or acting as a source of carbenes


carboxamide

(organic chemistry) Any amide of a carboxylic acid - RC(=O)NR₂.


carbylamine

(obsolete, organic chemistry) an isocyanide


cepham

(organic chemistry) one of a class of antibiotics, including the cephalosporins, that contain a bicyclic heterocyclic structure - 5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]octan-8-one


corrinoid

(organic chemistry) Any derivative of the corrin nucleus, which contains four reduced pyrrole rings joined in a macrocycle by three -CH= groups and one direct bond.


catenane

(organic chemistry) Any compound, especially a hydrocarbon, having two or more rings interconnected like the links of a chain, without a covalent bond.


cyanohydrin

(organic chemistry) Any compound having both a hydroxy and a cyanide functional group, especially one having these groups attached to the same carbon atom


cyclitol

(organic chemistry) Any hydroxylated cycloalkane having at least three hydroxy groups attached to different carbon atoms.


chalcone

en-noun

chalcone (countable and uncountable, plural chalcones)

(organic chemistry, uncountable) The compound 1,3-diphenylpropenone (PhCH=CHCOPh); Ph = phenyl.

(organic chemistry, countable) Any derivative of this compound.


isocyanide

(organic chemistry) The isomer HN⁺C⁻ of hydrocyanic acid HCN.

(organic chemistry) Any of its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC.


corrin

But the result showed unequivocally that the vitamin contained a ring system unlike any that had been seen before (it was later given the name ‘corrin’).

1998, Georgina Ferry, Dorothy Hodgkin: A Life:

(organic chemistry) A molecular species that contains four reduced pyrrole rings joined in a macrocycle by three -CH= groups and one direct bond; central to the cobalt-containing vitamin cobalamin.


carbosilane

(organic chemistry) any compound containing carbon-to-silicon covalent bonds, especially one having the branched polymeric structure of a dendrimer


cresol

From creosote + -ol, from Ancient Greek κρέας (kréas, “flesh”) + σωτήρ (sōtḗr, “preserver”).

(organic chemistry) Any of the three isomeric phenols derived from toluene: ortho-, meta- or para-methylphenol.

kresoli

either of the three isomeric phenols derived from toluene


dehydroarene

(organic chemistry) any transient species formally derived by abstraction of two hydrogen atoms from each of two rings of an arene


benzyne

(organic chemistry) Any derivative of benzene formally produced by abstraction of two hydrogen atoms, especially one produced by abstraction from neighboring atoms to produce a formal triple bond.


depside

(organic chemistry) any of a class of polymeric esters formed from phenolic benzoic acids, especially such compounds found in lichen


diacylamine

(organic chemistry) any compound having two acyl groups attached to an ammonia of primary amine residue; a secondary amide or imide


diamidide

(organic chemistry) any of a class of compounds formally derived from acid anhydrides by replacement of =O with =NR, and -O- with -NR-


dendrimer

(organic chemistry) Any polymer or oligomer having multiple branches of atoms strung off a central spine.


diazoamino

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry) the functional group -N=N-N<


diazoamino compound

diazoamino compound (plural diazoamino compounds)

(organic chemistry) any compound of general formula RN=N-NR₂ where not all R = H


diazo compound

(organic chemistry) any compound of general formula R₂C=N⁺=N⁻


diazomethane

diazomethane (countable and uncountable, plural diazomethanes)

gas-liquid chromatography
gas-liquid chromatography

(organic chemistry) the simplest diazo compound, CH₂=N⁺=N⁻; a toxic, yellow, explosive gas; used in analytical chemistry to convert carboxylic acids into their methyl esters for analysis via gas-liquid chromatography


diazonium salt

(organic chemistry) a diazonium compound


carbinol

carbinol (usually uncountable, plural carbinols)

→ Polish: karbinol

(obsolete, organic chemistry, uncountable) The compound methanol.

(obsolete, organic chemistry, countable) Any substituted methanol.


diazonium compound

diazonium compound (plural diazonium compounds)

(organic chemistry) any compound having the general formula R-N₂⁺ X⁻, especially one in which R is an aryl residue; they are important as intermediates in the production of azo dyes


deuteride

From deutero- + -ide. From deuterium, from Ancient Greek δεύτερος (deúteros, “second”).

der

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry) Any hydride in which normal hydrogen is replaced by deuterium.


diosphenol

(organic chemistry) any of a class of cyclic α-diketones which exist as enols


ketonic

(organic chemistry) Of, relating to, or being a ketone.


methine

(organic chemistry) The tervalent functional group, -CH=, having one single bond and one double bond


diketone

(organic chemistry) any compound having two neighbouring ketonic carbonyl groups


monoterpenoid

(organic chemistry) a terpenoid having a C₁₀ skeleton


sesterterpenoid

(organic chemistry) a terpenoid having a C₂₅ skeleton


sesterterpenoid

(organic chemistry) of, or relating to a sesterterpene or sesterterpenoid


terpenoid

(organic chemistry) A very large class of naturally occurring and synthetic organic compounds formally derived from the hydrocarbon isoprene; they include many volatile compounds used in perfume and food flavors, turpentine, the steroids, the carotene pigments and rubber.


coumarin

en-noun

coumarin (countable and uncountable, plural coumarins)

From coumarou (“tonka bean, Dipteryx odorata (syn. Coumarouna odorata)”) + -in.

af

The postulated mechanism for the reaction of coumarin 4 as an antioxidant, as indicated in Fig 3, relies on the mercapto hydrogen atom (bold), which is under the influence of resonance and inductive effects.

2015 July 6, “Hydrogen Peroxide Scavenging Activity of Novel Coumarins Synthesized Using Different Approaches”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The bicyclic aromatic compound 1,2-benzopyrone or any of its derivatives.


depsipeptide

For example, the antitumour depsipeptide kahalalide F was isolated from the opisthobranch mollusc Elysia rufescens, and is used by both the mollusc and its dietary alga Bryopsis spp.

2016 January 21, “Choose Your Weaponry: Selective Storage of a Single Toxic Compound, Latrunculin A, by Closely Related Nudibranch Molluscs”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) any of a class of polymeric compounds having both peptide and ester linkages, often alternating.


diterpenoid

From di- + terpenoid or diterpene + -oid.

(organic chemistry) a terpenoid having a C₂₀ skeleton


diterpenoid

(organic chemistry) of or relating to a diterpene or diterpenoid


enolate

(organic chemistry) any metal salt of the enol form of a tautomeric aldehyde or ketone


dipyrrin

(organic chemistry) Any compound containing two pyrrole rings fused via a methine (-C=) group.


aldehydic

en-adj

aldehydic (not generally comparable, comparative more aldehydic, superlative most aldehydic)

more aldehydic (comparative)
most aldehydic (superlative)

The 2-deoxy derivatives were known to be more aldehydic in character and this was reflected in the higher M_G values.

1957, Charles Edward Clapp, High Molecular Weight Water-Soluble Muck, page 13:

Here the characteristic aldehydic note is almost missing from the aldehyde, though this may be due partly to the protective influence of the side chain.

1994, Robert R. Calkin, J. Stephan Jellinek, Perfumery: Practice and Principles, page 217:

The aldehydic top notes contain suggestions of bergamot, lemon, peach and coriander and give way to a heart based principally on rose, jasmine and orris.

1997, N. Groom, editor, New Perfume Handbook, page 188:

(organic chemistry) Of, relating to, or being an aldehyde; having the character of an aldehyde.


fulvene

(organic chemistry) the hydrocarbon methylenecyclopentadiene or any of its derivatives

(organic chemistry) any heterocyclic analogue of these compounds


furocoumarin

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound composed of a coumarin fused to a furan, but especially any derivative of the psoralen skeleton or its angular isomer angelicin


fluorescein

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of yellow xanthene dyes which are visible when highly diluted; used forensically to detect traces of blood, and in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations

fluorescéine

any of a class of yellow xanthene dyes which are visible when highly diluted


dioxin

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-dioxin.wav

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From di- (prefix meaning ‘double; two’) + ox(ygen) + -in (suffix indicating a neutral chemical compound), a reference to the fact that the compound has two oxygen atoms.

二噁英 /二𫫇英

any of a broad range of toxic or carcinogenic halogenated polycyclic compounds

Dioxin is a specific organic unsaturated non-antiaromatic six-membered ring compound with a chemical formula of C4H4O2. However, the term dioxin is used generically by most authorities to include chlorinated dioxins with furans and many derivative compounds as a complex of at least 75 ubiquitous and environmentally persistent organochlorine compounds, of variable toxicity.

2011, Peter Stride, “Limited Bio-diversity and Other Defects of the Immune System in the Inhabitants of the Islands of St Kilda, Scotland”, in Oscar Grillo, Gianfranco Venora, editors, Biodiversity Loss in a Changing Planet, Rijeka, Croatia: InTech, →ISBN, section 11 (Dioxin), page 236:

(countable, organic chemistry) The unsaturated six-membered heterocycle having four carbon atoms, two oxygen atoms, and two double bonds (molecular formula C₄H₄O₂); 1,2-dioxin and 1,4-dioxin.

Dioxins are not a single chemical. They are a family of chemicals that contain two benzene rings connected by a pair of oxygen molecules. When chlorine atoms are connected to the benzene rings, we have a chlorinated dioxin. The particular chlorinated dioxin of greatest interest and concern is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (generally abbreviated TCDD).

1992, Ronald E. Gots, “Dioxins and Agent Orange”, in Toxic Risks: Science, Regulation, and Perception, Boca Raton, Fla., London: Lewis Publishers, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 173:

(countable, organic chemistry) The parent compound dibenzo-1,4-dioxin or dibenzo-p-dioxin (molecular formula C₁₂H₈O₂), in which two benzene rings are connected through two oxygen atoms; dibenzodioxin, oxanthrene.

The detection of dioxin (specifically, the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-pdioxin TCDD) in 2,4,5-T raised the question whether dioxin might be present in other herbicides.

1974 May, Hazardous Materials Advisory Committee, “Chemistry and Analysis”, in Herbicide Report: Chemistry and Analysis, Environmental Effects, Agricultural and Other Applied Uses (EPA-SAB; 74-001), Washington, D.C.: Science Advisory Board, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, →OCLC, page 17:

Poisonous residues carelessly treated today can produce calamities miles away and decades later. One example is dioxin, a waste left behind in factories after the production of hexachlorophene, a potent antiseptic. Dioxins are lethal, capable of killing people in concentrations as diluted as one part in a million. Oils containing discarded dioxins have been sprayed on horse farms in Missouri to control dust. Horses subsequently died.

1986, Benjamin Walter, Malcolm Getz, “Social and Economic Effects of Toxic Waste Disposal”, in Sheldon Kamieniecki, Robert O’Brien, Michael Clarke, editors, Controversies in Environmental Policy (SUNY Series in Environmental Public Policy), State University of New York Press, →ISBN, page 223:

Dioxins are polychlorinated isomers that form as by-products either during combustion of waste products or afterward in the incinerator stack. They include dibenzo-dioxins (PCDD), dibenzofurans (PCDF), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). 2,3,7,8-TCDD is one of the extremely carcinogenic groups of dioxin compounds. A risk of exposure to humans occurs once dioxin compounds are released from the stack of the incinerator and are transported by the wind elsewhere.

1992, Merrie G. Klapp, “Bargaining with Uncertainty”, in Bargaining with Uncertainty: Decision-making in Public Health, Technological Safety, and Environmental Quality, Westport, Conn.: Auburn House, Greenwood Publishing Group, →ISBN, page 12:

[page 6] Dioxins in food and the environment hae been intensively studied over the past twenty years [...]. The term ‘dioxins’ has come to be used for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and in some cases also polychlorinated dibenzofurans. [...] [page 7] The sources of food contamination with dioxins are now known to be many more than was originally asserted when claims were made that incinerators were the main source of dioxins in the environment. Indeed known sources of dioxins now include vehicle exhausts, domestic coal fires, manufacture and use of organic chemicals, and metallurgical processors.

2001, D[avid] Waston, “Introduction”, in David H. Watson, editor, Food Chemical Safety (Woodhead Publishing in Food Science and Technology), volume 1 (Contaminants), Abington, Cambridgeshire: Woodhead Publishing; Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, published 2005, →ISBN, section 1.4 (Persistent Environmental Chemicals), pages 6 and 7:

EPA [the Environmental Protection Agency] characterizes 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) as a Human Carcinogen based on weight of evidence and characterizes other dioxins, furans, and PCBs [polychlorinated biphenyls] as Likely Human Carcinogens. The toxicity of all of the dioxin, furan, and PCB congeners considered in this analysis is based on the toxicity of the most highly characterized congener, 2,3,7,8-TCDD [...].

2002 May, Center for Environmental Analysis, RTI, “Hazard Identification/Dose-response Assessment”, in Exposure Analysis for Dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and CoPlanar Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Sewage Sludge: Technical Background Document: Draft, Washington, D.C.: Office of Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, →OCLC, page 2-1:

(countable, organic chemistry) Any of a broad range of toxic or carcinogenic halogenated polycyclic compounds that occur as byproducts of herbicides.

The 2,4,5-T used by Courtney and co-workers [...] was contaminated with approximately 30 ppm of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin). [...] The present work describes the results of our teratogenic studies on hamsters with samples of 2,4,5-T containing varying amounts of dioxin and with samples of 2,4-D from different manufacturers.

1971 November–December, T. F. X. Collins, C. H. Williams, “Teratogenic Studies with 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D in the Hamster”, in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, volume 6, number 6, New York, N.Y.: Springer-Verlag, →DOI, →OCLC, →PMID, page 559; reprinted in Selected Technical Publications: July–December 1971, Washington, D.C.: Food and Drug Administration, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1971, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 163:

When manufacture of 2,4,5-T is controlled carefully, dioxin contamination is less than 1 ppm. Dioxin was identified in 1962 as the culprit of damage and death in 1957 of uncounted numbers of chicks. Dioxin produces neurological disturbances and is teratogenic.

1973 September, James Edward Huff, John S. Wassom, “Chlorinated Dibenzodioxins and Dibenzofurans”, in Douglas H. K. Lee, Hans L. Falk, editors, Environmental Health Perspectives (DHEW Publication; no. (NIH) 74-218), experimental issue number 5, Research Triangle Park, N.C.: National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, →OCLC, page 307, column 1:

Dioxin—2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)—is not manufactured commercially but is present as an impurity in 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (TCP). Minute traces may be present in the herbicide 2,4,5-T and in the antibacterial agent hexachlorophene, which are produced from trichlorophenol.

1998, “Guide to Chemicals”, in Jeanne Mager Stellman, editor, Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety, 4th edition, volume IV, Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, →ISBN, section 104.286 (Hydrocarbons, Halogenated Aromatic), page 287, column 2:

Dioxin or TCDD is a chemical contaminant that occurs as chlorine byproduct of the paper bleaching manufacturing process. Although it is useless on its own, dioxin is a common environmental contaminant. Dioxin was also released as a contaminant of the pesticide Agent Orange, which was used as a defoliant by U.S. forces in Vietnam. The highest concentrations of dioxin result from the incineration of medical waste.

2002, Elaine A. Moore, “Environmental Triggers of Autoimmune Disease”, in Autoimmune Diseases and Their Environmental Triggers, Jefferson, N.C., London: McFarland & Company, →ISBN, page 82:

persistent organic pollutant
persistent organic pollutant

(uncountable, specifically, loosely) The compound 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; molecular formula C₁₂H₄Cl₄O₂), a persistent organic pollutant of the environment which is generally produced as a byproduct of organic synthesis or when organic materials are burned.


glycaric acid

(obsolete, organic chemistry) any aldaric acid


glyconic acid

(obsolete, organic chemistry) any aldonic acid


uronic acid

(organic chemistry) Any carboxylic acid formed by oxidation of the terminal -CH₂OH of an aldose


heteroatom

(organic chemistry) Any atom which is not carbon or hydrogen.

(organic chemistry) Any atom in a heterocyclic ring (or other structure normally built of carbon atoms) that is not a carbon atom.


hydrazone

(organic chemistry) Any compound, of general formula R₂C=NNR₂, formally derived from an aldehyde or ketone by replacing the carbonyl group with =NNH₂ or derivative.


graphene

(organic chemistry) Any polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon having the structure of part of a layer of graphite.


hydroperoxide

(organic chemistry) any mono-substituted derivative of hydrogen peroxide - ROOH


mannitol

en-noun

mannitol (countable and uncountable, plural mannitols)

From earlier mannite (from manna + -ite) + -ol. By surface analysis, mann(ose) + -itol.

artificial sweetener
artificial sweetener

(organic chemistry) A polyhydric alcohol, an isomer of sorbitol, found in nature and also manufactured for use in various applications (for example, as an artificial sweetener and as a medication for various indications).


iridoid

(organic chemistry) any cyclic monoterpenoid based on 1-isopropyl-2,3-dimethylcyclopentane


imino acid

(organic chemistry) Any carboxylic acid having an imino substituent.


isoprenoid

(organic chemistry) Any compound formally derived from one or more isoprene units.


isourea

(organic chemistry) The imidic acid tautomer of urea H₂NC(=NH)OH and any of its hydrocarbyl derivatives.


isonitroso compound

isonitroso compound (plural isonitroso compounds)

(obsolete, organic chemistry) Synonym of oxime


ketal

(organic chemistry) Any acetal derived from a ketone


thioacetal

(organic chemistry) either a monothioacetal or a dithioacetal


dithioacetal

(organic chemistry) a thioacetal having general formula R₂C(SR')₂


monothioacetal

(organic chemistry) a thioacetal having general formula R₂C(OR')(SR')


macrolide

(organic chemistry) a macrocyclic lactone with a ring of at least ten atoms


naphthene

(organic chemistry) Any cycloalkane (or alkyl derivative).


nitrolic acid

(organic chemistry) any compound having the general formula RC(=NOH)NO₂


mucopolysaccharide

(organic chemistry) Any polysaccharide consisting of alternating units of uronic acids and glycosamines, sometimes esterified with sulfuric acid.


triazole

(organic chemistry) Either of two isomeric heterocyclic compounds having a five-membered ring with three nitrogen atoms and two double bonds in the ring; any organic derivative of these compounds.


nor-

(organic chemistry) A compound derived from another by removal of a radical, especially by removal of methyl or methylene.


osazone

(organic chemistry) any glycoside of an aldose or 2-ketose formed by reaction with excess of an aryl-hydrazine


phosphoglyceride

(organic chemistry) a phosphatide combined with a small, basic molecule (such as choline or ethanolamine); a phospholipid


prismane

(organic chemistry) a polycyclic hydrocarbon, C₆H₆, having the shape of a regular triangular prism; any derivative of this compound


pinacol

From Ancient Greek πίναξ (pínax, “tablet”) + -ol. Actualized from pinacone.

(organic chemistry) any tetra-substituted derivative of ethylene glycol, of general formula R₂C(OH)-C(OH)R₂, especially the simplest example where R is methyl


prenol

(organic chemistry) Any alcohol composed of multiple isoprene units; they are the biogenetic precursors of the isoprenoids


phthalein

(organic chemistry) Any of a range of lactones formed by the reaction of phenols with phthalic anhydride.


prostanoic acid

(organic chemistry) a C₂₀ fatty acid, containing a cyclopentane ring, that is the basis of the prostaglandins


alkoxy

(organic chemistry) any univalent radical R-O-, or anion R-O⁻, where R is an alkyl group


organoselenium

(organic chemistry) describing any of a series of derivatives of selenium that have at least one alkyl or aryl group, especially one containing at least one carbon-selenium bond


eicosane

A IUPAC nomenclature, from eicos- (“twenty”) + -ane (“alkane suffix”).

confix

(organic chemistry) Any of the 366,319 isomers of the aliphatic hydrocarbon having the chemical formula C₂₀H₄₂, but especially n-eicosane CH₃(CH₂)₁₈CH₃.


organophosphorus

(organic chemistry) describing any of a series of derivatives of phosphorus that have at least one alkyl or aryl group, especially one containing at least one carbon-phosphorus bond


organosulfur

(organic chemistry) Any such organic compound.


decane

en-noun

decane (countable and uncountable, plural decanes)

(organic chemistry) Any of the 75 isomers of the aliphatic hydrocarbon having the chemical formula C₁₀H₂₂


prostanoid

(organic chemistry) Any of the prostaglandins and related compounds


tetrahydrofuran

tetrahydrofuran (countable and uncountable, plural tetrahydrofurans)

(organic chemistry) A heterocyclic ether having a five-membered ring with four carbon atoms and one oxygen; it is a colourless liquid with an ether-like smell, and is used as a polar solvent.


stearate

From stearic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of stearic acid.


carbocyclic

(organic chemistry) describing a ring, all of whose atoms are carbon


quinonoid

(organic chemistry) Of, relating to, or having the structure of a quinone


quinonoid

(organic chemistry) Any compound that resembles a quinone but in which the >C=O groups are replaced by carbon-to-carbon double bonds


methylidene

(organic chemistry) The CH₂= group in which the free valences are part of a double bond.


quinomethane

(organic chemistry) Any compound formally derived from a quinone by replacing either or both of the quinone oxygens with a methylidene group.


semioxamazone

(organic chemistry) any of the condensation products of an aldehyde or ketone with semioxamazide; they have general formula R₂C=NNHC(=O)C(=O)NH₂


selenol

(organic chemistry) any compound, of general formula RSeH, the selenium analogues of alcohols


semioxamazide

(organic chemistry) The hydrazide of oxamic acid, H₂NNHC(=O)C(=O)NH₂.


oxamic acid

oxamic acid (countable and uncountable, plural oxamic acids)

(organic chemistry) The monoamide of oxalic acid H₂NC(=O)C(=O)OH; any derivative of this compound


silanol

(organic chemistry) any hydroxy derivative of a silane, especially hydrocarbyl derivatives R₃SiOH; an organosilanol


oleate

From oleic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of oleic acid.


ammonium phosphatide

ammonium phosphatide (plural ammonium phosphatides)

(organic chemistry) Any ammonium salt of a phosphorylated glyceride; normally manufactured from rapeseed oil, it is used as a food additive especially in chocolate.


selenoaldehyde

(organic chemistry) any compound of general formula RCH=Se, the selenium analogs of aldehydes


stannylidene

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry) The tin analog of a carbene R₂Sn:


spiro compound

(organic chemistry) Any polycyclic compound having a single atom (usually carbon) as the only common member of two rings.


regular star macromolecule

regular star macromolecule (plural regular star macromolecules)

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) a star macromolecule having identical arms


variegated star macromolecule

variegated star macromolecule (plural variegated star macromolecules)

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A star macromolecule having arms composed of different types or numbers of monomers.


star macromolecule

star macromolecule (plural star macromolecules)

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) A macromolecule having a single branch point from which linear chains (or arms) emanate.


styphnate

From styphnic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

The microdetonators, manufactured commercially, utilize a material that includes lead styphnate. This detonator is readily ignited by laser energy but is relatively insensitive to other stimuli.

1981, NASA Tech Briefs, volume 6, page 24:

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of styphnic acid.


tetramethylammonium auride

tetramethylammonium auride (plural tetramethylammonium aurides)

(organic chemistry) A transparent, crystalline compound, (CH₃)₄N⁺Au⁻, obtained by an ion exchange reaction of caesium auride in liquid ammonia.


sulfamic acid

(organic chemistry) Any N-hydrocarbyl derivative of this substance


sphingoid

(organic chemistry) Derived from, or similar in structure to, sphingosine.


sphingoid

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of long-chain aliphatic amino alcohols related to sphingosine.


sulfenic acid

(organic chemistry) any compound of general formula RSOH


sulfinamidine

(organic chemistry) any amidine of a sulfinic acid RS(=NR')NR''₂


sulfine

(organic chemistry) Any S-oxide of a thioaldehyde or thioketone R₂C=S=O


sulfinic acid

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry) The compound HS(=O)OH, and any of its S-hydrocarbyl derivatives


sulfoxide

(organic chemistry) Any compound of general formula R₂S=O.


thioaldehyde

(organic chemistry) any analogue of an aldehyde, of general formula RC(=S)H, in which the oxygen has been replaced by sulfur


thiohemiacetal

(organic chemistry) any compound, of general formula R₂C(SR')OH, R₂C(OR')SH or R₂C(SR')SH, derived from a hemiacetal by replacing oxygen with sulfur


dithiohemiacetal

(organic chemistry) any compound, of general formula R₂C(SR')SH, derived from a hemiacetal by replacing both oxygens with sulfur


monothiohemiacetal

(organic chemistry) any compound, of general formula R₂C(SR')OH or R₂C(OR')SH derived from a hemiacetal by replacing one oxygen with sulfur


propylene glycol

propylene glycol (countable and uncountable, plural propylene glycols)

(countable, organic chemistry) propandiol, any propane chain with two alcohol functional groups attached


tropolone

(organic chemistry) any hydroxy-substituted cycloheptatrienone


tropone

(organic chemistry) any derivative of cycloheptatrienone


ketoaldonic acid

ketoaldonic acid (plural ketoaldonic acids)

(organic chemistry) any monosaccharide, having both a keto group and a carboxylic acid group, that is in equilibrium with a hemiacetal structure


ulosonic acid

ulosonic acid (countable and uncountable, plural ulosonic acids)


ynamine

(organic chemistry) Any disubstituted compound having an amino group attached to an acetylene group


tropylium

tropylium (usually uncountable, plural tropyliums)

(organic chemistry) The delocalized carbenium ion cycloheptatrienylium, C₇H₇⁺, derived from cycloheptatriene, or any of its derivatives.


acylation

(organic chemistry) The process of adding an acyl group to a compound.

acilació

the process of adding an acyl to a compound


keto

(organic chemistry) The carbonyl group of a ketone.


lithium acetate

(organic chemistry) the lithium salt of acetic acid; used as a buffer in electrophoresis


lithium citrate

(organic chemistry) The lithium salt of citric acid, sometimes used in the treatment of bipolar disorder.


lithium diisopropylamide

(organic chemistry) A strong base, used in organic chemistry to synthesise carbanions.


lithium carbonate

(organic chemistry) The lithium salt of carbonic acid, Li₂CO₃, used in the manufacture of glass and ceramics, and medically, in the treatment of bipolar disorder.


beta carbon nitride

beta carbon nitride (plural beta carbon nitrides)

(organic chemistry) a theoretical binary compound of carbon and nitrogen, C₃N₄, that is thought would have properties similar to diamond or boron nitride


fluorochlorohydrocarbon

(organic chemistry) Any compound formally derived from a hydrocarbon by replacing some hydrogen atoms with fluorine and some with chlorine (at least one being retained).


chlorocarbon

(organic chemistry) An organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded chlorine atom.


halocarbon

(organic chemistry) any compound formally derived from a hydrocarbon by replacing at least one hydrogen atom with a halogen, but especially by replacing all hydrogen atoms with halogen(s)


ethanolate

(organic chemistry) Any salt derived from ethanol by loss of a proton


PAH

Researchers analysed samples of nurdles and burnt lumps of plastic from four Sri Lankan beaches for heavy metals and various chemicals, including benzotriazole UV-stabilisers, which are used to prevent discoloration in plastics, bisphenols and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

2022 February 9, Karen McVeigh, “‘Oil spills of our time’: experts sound alarm about plastic lost in cargo ship disasters”, in The Guardian, Guardian Media Group, retrieved 2022-02-11, Seascape: the state of our oceans:

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon#English

(organic chemistry) Initialism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.

PANH

polycyclic aromatic nitrogen heterocycle


acetonitrile

(organic chemistry) The simplest organic cyanide or nitrile, CH₃CN, formally derived from acetic acid


barbituric acid

/ˌbɑː.bɪˌt͡ʃʊə.ɹɪk ˈas.ɪd/

Mid 19th century from French barbiturique, from German Barbitursäure, from Barbara von Cilli + Säure (“acid”), related to Latin urea.

(organic chemistry) A heterocyclic compound derived from pyrimidine that is the basis of all barbiturate drugs.


pine terpene

(organic chemistry) A mixture of terpenoid hydrocarbons that is the principal component of essential oils obtained from various species of Pinus; it includes pinene, carene and menthadiene.


osteocalcin

osteocalcin (countable and uncountable, plural osteocalcins)

Comparison of the sequences of the various osteocalcins indicates that the central portion of the molecule is highly conserved.

1994, Hideaki Ogura, Pharmacological Approach to the Study of the Formation and the Resorption Mechanism of Hard Tissues, Ishiyaku EuroAmerica, page 134:

Osteocalcin has recently been identified as a bone-derived hormone with significant functional impacts on sex steroid production by the testis, completing the circle of mutual interdependence between the skeletal system and gonad (for reviews, see Refs 536–538).

2014, Lee B. Smith, William H. Walker, “16: Hormone Signaling in the Testis”, in Tony M. Plant, Anthony J. Zeleznik, editors, Knobil and Neill's Physiology of Reproduction, Elsevier (Academic Press), page 669:

Osteocalcin together with the other Gla-protein MGP belongs to a distinct subgroup of the larger vitamin K-dependent protein family, the constituents of which are primarily involved in blood coagulation.

2017, Olena V. Andrukhova, Reinhold G. Erben, “11: Kidney—Bone: Interaction”, in Susan Y. Smith, Aurore Varela, Rana Samadfam, editors, Bone Toxicology, Springer, page 349:

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A protein, found in bone and dentin and manufactured by osteoblasts, that plays a role in mineralization and calcium ion homeostasis.

ostéocalcine

protein found in bone and dentin, manufactured by osteoblasts


oxalo-

(organic chemistry) derived from, or related to oxalic acid

(organic chemistry) containing the radical -CO-COOH derived from oxalic acid by removal of a hydroxyl


brucine

From the genus Brucea, named after James Bruce who brought back Brucea antidysenterica from Ethiopia.

Strychnos nux-vomica
Strychnos nux-vomica#Translingual

(organic chemistry) An alkaloid related to strychnine, found in several plant species, notably Strychnos nux-vomica (nux vomica).

brucina

alkaloid related to strychnine, found in nux vomica


caprolactam

(organic chemistry) A lactam (cyclic amide) manufactured from cyclohexanone and used in the manufacture of nylon.


cannabinoid

/ˈkænəbəˌnɔɪd/

Similar in chemical structure to cannabis, the cannabinoids made by our bodies surge in number during pleasant activities, such as orgasms, and also when we run, studies show.

2021 March 10, Gretchen Reynolds, “Getting to the Bottom of the Runner’s High”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(organic chemistry) Substance that is structurally related to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a psychoactive compound present in cannabis, or that bind to cannabinoid receptors.

kannabinoidi

any psychoactive compound found in cannabis


cannabinoid

/ˈkænəbəˌnɔɪd/

(organic chemistry) Structurally related to tetrahydrocannabinol


sulfurated

(organic chemistry) Modified by the addition of sulfide bonds


piperonyl butoxide

(organic chemistry) A pesticide synergist which increases the potency of other ingredients; a semisynthetic derivative of safrole that is used to enhance the potency of certain pesticides.


GHB

(organic chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology) Initialism of gamma-hydroxybutyrate, often used as a date rape drug.


rosin

rosin (countable and uncountable, plural rosins)

From Old French raisine, rousine, variants of résine. See resin.

The action of the bow therefore depends almost entirely upon the application of rosin and upon its frictional properties. Violin rosin is a natural gum obtained from conifers such as larch that produce turpentine.

1998, Neville H. Fletcher, Thomas Rossing, The Physics of Musical Instruments, 2nd edition, Springer Science & Business, →ISBN, page 284:

(organic chemistry) A solid form of resin, obtained from liquid resin by vaporizing its volatile components.


racemization

racemization (countable and uncountable, plural racemizations)

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) The formation of a racemate from a pure enantiomer.


hydroxybutyric acid

hydroxybutyric acid (plural hydroxybutyric acids)

alphahydroxybutyric acid - 2-hydroxy-butanoic acid

betahydroxybutyric acid - 3-hydroxy-butanoic acid

gammahydroxybutyric acid - 4-hydroxy-butanoic acid

2-hydroxy, 2-methylpropanoic acid

3-hydroxy, 2-methylpropanoic acid

(organic chemistry) Either of the isomeric compounds formed from a butyric acid by substituting a hydrogen atom with a hydroxyl group


vitamin A acid

(organic chemistry, pharmacology, biochemistry) Synonym of retinoic acid


retinol

retinol (countable and uncountable, plural retinols)

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A fat-soluble carotenoid vitamin (vitamin A), present in fish oils and green vegetables, essential to normal vision and to bone development.


vitamin B3

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) niacin


cobalamin

(organic chemistry) Any of several forms of vitamin B₁₂ depending on the upper axial ligand of the cobalt ion.


Berlin green

Berlin green (countable and uncountable, plural Berlin greens)

(organic chemistry) Ferric ferricyanide; a complex cyanide with a structure similar to that of Prussian blue, used as a green dye.


ursolic acid

(organic chemistry) a pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid found in many plants; an isomer of oleanolic acid


oleanolic acid

(organic chemistry) Synonym of oleanonic acid


ethanoic

(organic chemistry) Having the group CH₃COO-.


ethanoic acid

(organic chemistry) The systematic alternative name for acetic acid.


xinafoate

(organic chemistry) 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate radical of 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid.


furosemide

furosemide (countable and uncountable, plural furosemides)

Probably from fur(yl) + -o- + -semide (“alteration of s(ulfon)amide”).

af

congestive heart failure
congestive heart failure

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A diuretic (trademark Lasix) used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and edema.


chlorocruorin

From chloro- + cruor + -in (see also cruorin). Named by British zoologist Ray Lankester in 1868.

Later it was shown that the α-bands of the pyridine haemochromogens of both cytochrome a and chlorocruorin resemble each other closely (Keilin, 1933 a).

1966, David Keilin, edited by Joan Keilin, The History of Cell Respiration and Cytochrome, University of Cambridge, page 174:

The affinity of chlorocruorin for oxygen is equivalent to the haemoglobin. It is interesting that within the same family of worms like [S]abellidae, [S]erpulidae and [A]mphotritidae same^([sic]) species have chlorocruorin while others have haemoglobin.

2003, Ashok Kumar, Animal Physiology, Discovery Publishing House, page 192:

1992, N. B. Terwilliger, Chapter 8: Molecular Structure of the Extracellular Heme Proteins, Ch. P. Mangum (editor), Advances in Comparative & Environmental Physiology 13: Blood and Tissue Oxygen Carriers, Springer-Verlag, 1992 softcover reprint, page 203,
It was earlier thought that chlorocruorin was very different from hemoglobin based on a subunit structure with a mass of 34-35 kDa (Antonini et al. 1962; Guerratore and Zito 1977). […] Some writers have questioned the value of drawing a distinction between the chlorocruorins and hemoglobins, especially from an evolutionary point of view (Mangum 1985; see also Toulson, Chap. 9, this Vol.). The visual phenomenon of green blood has perhaps led to a stronger distinction between chlorocruorin and hemoglobin than warranted.

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) A green respiratory pigment found in many annelids.

chlorocruorine

respiratory pigment found in some annelids


ribulose

en-noun

ribulose (countable and uncountable, plural ribuloses)

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) a ketopentose whose phosphate derivatives participate in photosynthesis

ribulosa

ketopentose whose derivatives participate in photosynthesis


heptyl

(organic chemistry) Any of many isomeric univalent hydrocarbon radicals, C₇H₁₅, formally derived from heptane by the loss of a hydrogen atom.


acid of ants

(obsolete, organic chemistry) formic acid


acid of amber

(obsolete, organic chemistry) The organic compound succinic acid.


acid of milk

(obsolete, organic chemistry) lactic acid


acid of lemon

(obsolete, organic chemistry) citric acid


acid of apples

(obsolete, organic chemistry) malic acid


acid of sugar

If you distil the nitrous acid on silk, wool, hairs, or skin, you obtain a certain quantity of animal oil, different from that which forms fat, and a portion of acid similar to the acid of sugar […]

1784 July 14, “History of the Royal Academy of Sciences, for the year 1780”, in A New Review, volume 6, page 57:

This is not all: who would suspect under the specious guise of “acid of sugar,” an envenomed drug?

1828, John Murray, A Manual of Experiments illustrative of Chemical Science, page 4:

It exists plentifully in several well-known plants, as the beautiful Wood-sorrel; but, obtainable from saccharine matter by a chemical process, it has acquired the vulgar name of Acid of Sugar.

1829, Shirley Palmer, Popular illustrations of medicine, page 101:

(obsolete, organic chemistry) oxalic acid


aqua vitae

aqua vitae (countable and uncountable, plural aquae vitae)

From Medieval Latin aqua vītae directly and via Middle English aqua vite and French eau-de-vie, from aqua (“water”) and vītae (“of life”). Doublet of aquavit and akvavit. Compare eau de vie, whisky, whiskey, and water of life from the same source.

(organic chemistry, archaic) A concentrated aqueous solution of ethanol.


ethyl mercaptan

(organic chemistry) a thiol formally derived from ethyl alcohol by replacing the oxygen atom with sulfur


organochlorine

(organic chemistry) Any of very many chlorine substituted organic compounds, many of which are solvents or insecticides etc.


organochlorine

(organic chemistry, of an organic compound) containing chlorine


tetramethyl

(organic chemistry) (in combination) Four methyl groups in a molecule.


hexamethyl

(organic chemistry) (in combination) six methyl groups in a molecule


cacodyl oxide

(organic chemistry) A strong-smelling liquid, ((CH₃)₂As)₂O


cacodyl

cacodyl (countable and uncountable, plural cacodyls)

Ancient Greek κακώδης (kakṓdēs, “evil-smelling”)

uder

(organic chemistry) The dimethylarsine radical (CH₃)₂As-

(organic chemistry) tetramethyldiarsine formally derived from two of these radicals; an evil-smelling liquid that spontaneously combusts in air


trimethyl

(organic chemistry, in combination) Three methyl groups in a molecule.


dimethyl

(organic chemistry) (in combination) Two methyl groups in a molecule.


glycin

en-noun

glycin (countable and uncountable, plural glycins)

Glycin is a versatile paper developer that produces a strong, deep black on bromide papers and brown to sepia tones on warm-tone chloride and chlorobromide papers.

2008, Robert Hirsch, Photographic Possibilities, page 142:

Glycin immersed in LN₂ formed an amorphous product. Upon heating to –65 °C an unidentified crystalline phase of glycin was observed, which transformed at ≈ 55 °C to 2-glycin.

2008, Georg-Wilhelm Oetjen, Peter Haseley, Freeze-Drying, page 23:

Glycin developers are non-staining and have exceptionally good keeping properties, but are too slow in action for general use.

2011, Elizabeth Allen, Sophie Triantaphillidou, The Manual of Photography, page 257:

(organic chemistry) A phenolic derivative of glycine, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)glycine, used as a photographic developer.


propenal

propenal (countable and uncountable, plural propenals)

(organic chemistry) The compound acrolein.


acrolein

acrolein (countable and uncountable, plural acroleins)

/əˈkɹəʊliɪn/

From Latin acer (“sharp”) + oleō (“smell”, verb).

(organic chemistry) A pungent, acrid, poisonous liquid aldehyde, CH₂=CH-CH=O, made by the destructive distillation of glycerol.

ակրոլեին

a pungent, acrid, poisonous liquid aldehyde


taurine

Researchers found that a high daily dose of taurine, an amino acid commonly added to energy drinks and naturally found in various foods, helped to delay death and mitigate against the biological ravages of aging.

2023 June 8, Elie Dolgin, “From Energy Drinks to Extending Life? Supplement Slows Aging in Mice and Monkeys”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) An amino-sulfonic acid, NH₂CH₂CH₂SO₃H, that has regulatory functions in mammals.


phenolphthalein

phenolphthalein (countable and uncountable, plural phenolphthaleins)

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A white or yellowish-white crystalline compound C₂₀H₁₄O₄ used in medicine as a laxative and in analysis as an indicator because its solution is brilliant red in alkalies and is decolorized by acids.


alkenone

(organic chemistry) Any unsaturated aliphatic ketone


germine

(organic chemistry) A ceveratrum alkaloid.


lactase

lactase (countable and uncountable, plural lactases)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-lactase.wav

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) A β-galactosidase enzyme that is involved in the hydrolysis of the disaccharide lactose into constituent galactose and glucose monomers.


telogen

(organic chemistry) An active-chain transfer agent used in the telomerization process.


PCP

PCP (countable and uncountable, plural PCPs)

(organic chemistry) Abbreviation of pentachlorophenol.


cannabidiol

cannabidiols (plural)
as CBD (abbreviation)

Coordinate term: tetrahydrocannabinol

We’re aware of the growing public interest in cannabis and cannabis-derived products, including cannabidiol (CBD). This increasing public interest in these products makes it even more important with the passage of this law for the FDA to clarify its regulatory authority over these products.

2018 December 20, U.S. Food, Drug Administration, “Statement from FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, M.D., on signing of the Agriculture Improvement Act and the agency’s regulation of products containing cannabis and cannabis-derived compounds”, in fda.gov:

Cannabis sativa
Cannabis sativa#Translingual

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A nonintoxicating cannabinoid found in the hemp plant Cannabis sativa.


polyacrylamide

(organic chemistry) Any of a range of cross-linked polymers of acrylamide; used to form soft gels for making contact lenses etc.


polychlorinated naphthalene

polychlorinated naphthalene (plural polychlorinated naphthalenes)

polychlorinated naphthalenes (plural)
PCN (abbreviation)

(organic chemistry) Any of a range of compounds manufactured by treating naphthalene with chlorine; they have a variety of properties and uses.


PCN

PCN (countable and uncountable, plural PCNs)

polychlorinated naphthalene
polychlorinated naphthalene#English

(organic chemistry) Initialism of polychlorinated naphthalene.


polyamide

(organic chemistry) Any of a range of polymers containing amide (or peptide) repeat units; examples include proteins and nylon.


monophenol

(organic chemistry) Any compound containing one phenolic hydroxyl group


polyvinyl

The Renew is also free of polyvinyl chloride, asbestos, chlorofluorocarbons and halons.

2009 February 12, Azadeh Ensha, “A Cellphone That Is Made With the Environment in Mind”, in The New York Times:

(organic chemistry) Composed of, or derived from, many vinyl groups


polyvinyl

(organic chemistry) Any polymer derived from a vinyl compound.


acrylamide

acrylamide (countable and uncountable, plural acrylamides)

(organic chemistry) The amide of acrylic acid, CH₂=CH.CONH₂; used in the manufacture of polyacrylamides.


kinase

From Ancient Greek κινεῖν (kineîn, “to move”) + -ase, a suffix forming enzyme names.

uder

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) Any of a group of enzymes that transfer phosphate groups from high-energy donor molecules, such as ATP, to specific target molecules (substrates), in a process termed phosphorylation.


diethyl phthalate

(organic chemistry) The di-ethyl ester of phthalic acid; a clear liquid used as a solvent, insect repellent and in perfumes.


chlordane

en-noun

chlordane (countable and uncountable, plural chlordanes)

(organic chemistry) A very toxic chlorinated polycyclic hydrocarbon once used as an insecticide.


amino alcohol

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound containing both an amino and an aliphatic hydroxyl functional group.


squalane

squalane (countable and uncountable, plural squalanes)

(organic chemistry) A saturated triterpene hydrocarbon made by hydrogenating squalene; used in cosmetics etc.


squalene

squalene (countable and uncountable, plural squalenes)

From Latin squālus (“shark”) + -ene, because it is found in shark liver.

(organic chemistry) A linear triterpene hydrocarbon found in shark liver oil and in human sebum; it plays a role in the biosynthesis of steroids.


stereospecificity

stereospecificity (countable and uncountable, plural stereospecificities)

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) The property of a polymer that has a specific spatial arrangement of its constituent atoms.


des-

From Middle English des-, dis-, from Old French des-, from Latin dis-.

(organic chemistry) A removal of a group from a molecule.


depyrimidination

depyrimidination (countable and uncountable, plural depyrimidinations)

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A process in which the chemical bond linking a pyrimidine (cytosine or thymine) to a deoxyribose sugar breaks spontaneously. It occurs at a lower rate compared to depurination with only 500 cytosine and thymine bases lost per cell per day in a typical mammalian cell.


methanes

Chloroform and bromoform are trihalogenated methanes

(organic chemistry) Derivatives of methane. plural of methane


stilbene

From Ancient Greek στίλβω (stílbō, “to shine, shimmer”), due to its use as a phosphor.

der

(organic chemistry) Either of two isomeric hydrocarbons, diphenylethylene, but especially the trans isomer, used in the manufacture of dyes and many other compounds.


resveratrol

en-noun

resveratrol (countable and uncountable, plural resveratrols)

Resveratrol (3,4,5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a phenolic compound of the stilbene family present in wines and various parts of the grape, including the skin, and shows antioxidant and antiproliferative activities.

2003, Massimo Maffei, “7: Biochemistry, physiology and bioengineering of bioactive compounds from plants used as dietary supplements”, in Massimo Maffei, editor, Dietary Supplements of Plant Origin: A Nutrition and Health Approach, page 152:

2003, Diane F. Birt, Weiqun Wang, Nancy Paiva, Angela Au, Chilly Chung, Laura Schmitt, Yu Jiang, Chapter 5: Cancer Prevention by Phytochemicals, Modulation of Cell Cycle, Mark S. Meskin, Wayne R. Bidlack, Audra J. Davies, Douglas S. Lewis, R. Keith Randolph (editors), Phytochemicals: Mechanisms of Action, Volume 4, page 64,
Resveratrol was first identified in grape vines in 1976 and in wine in 1992.

2011, Yiwei Li, Dejuan Kong, Aamir Ahmad, Bin Bao, Fazlul H. Sarkar, Chapter 16: Augmenting the Efficacy of Chemo- and Radio-Therapy by Nutraceuticals: Evidence from Pre-Clinical and Clinical Trials, Fazlul H. Sarkar (editor), Nutraceuticals and Cancer, page 366,
Resveratrol is a phytoalexin mainly found in grapes. Red wine contains a high level of resveratrol. Resveratrol has been shown to prevent the development of mammary and other tumors in vivo in animal models (Bishayee 2009).

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A phenolic substance, 3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene, a stilbenoid and phytoalexin, that is found in some fruits and nuts, and in red wine, and is reputed to have some beneficial properties for humans.


MABS

(organic chemistry) Initialism of methyl methacrylate acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.


cymene

cymene (countable and uncountable, plural cymenes)

Probably from Ancient Greek κύμινον (kúminon), the root of cumin.

(organic chemistry) Any of several isomeric naturally occurring terpenoid hydrocarbons; a constituent of a number of essential oils, most commonly the oil of cumin and thyme.


flunitrazepam

From flu(oro)- + nitr- + -azepam. First use appears c. 1973 in the South African Medical Journal.

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A short-acting benzodiazepine derivative with relatively long-lasting sedative effects, used as a hypnotic and as a premedication for anesthesia; 5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one, C₁₆H₁₂FN₃O₃.


homology

homology (countable and uncountable, plural homologies)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-homology.wav

Henri Poincaré
Homology
MathWorld
singular homology

From homo- + -logy.
In topology, first used by French polymath Henri Poincaré, in the sense (close to what is now called a bordism) of a relation between manifolds mapped into a reference manifold: that is, the property of such manifolds that they form the boundary of a higher-dimensional manifold inside the reference manifold. Poincaré's version was eventually replaced by the more general singular homology, which is what mathematicians now mean by homology.

homologia

biology, psychology: relationship of having a common evolutionary or developmental origin

The relationship of being homologous; a homologous relationship.

(organic chemistry) The relationship, between organic compounds, of being in the same homologous series.

homologia

organic chemistry: relationship of being in the same homologous series


hypericin

hypericin (countable and uncountable, plural hypericins)

(organic chemistry, medicine) A red-coloured anthraquinone derivative, extracted from St. John's wort or prepared synthetically, used as an antidepressant and antiviral agent.


ketide

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound containing adjacent methylene and carbonyl functional groups.


polyketide

(organic chemistry) Any polymer whose monomer is a ketide.


tricarboxylic acid cycle

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) The Krebs cycle.

trikarboksyylihappokierto

the Krebs cycle — see also Krebs cycle, citric acid cycle


octadecanoic acid

(organic chemistry) Synonym of stearic acid

octadecanoate

coordinate as a base versus an acid, but synonymous in the practical sense that the conjugate base and conjugate acid coexist in solution


resinate

From resin acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

(organic chemistry) Any salt of a resin acid.


(organic chemistry) An isomer of naphthoquinone.


Lasix

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A brand of the drug furosemide.


frusemide

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) Former BAN name of the drug furosemide.


diethyl

diethyl (countable and uncountable, plural diethyls)

(organic chemistry) Two ethyl groups attached to the same molecule.


lysergic acid diethylamide

lysergic acid diethylamide (uncountable)

(organic chemistry) A powerful synthetic hallucinogen, commonly abbreviated LSD.

tartrát dietilamída lizergínovoj kislotý

тартра́т диэтилами́да лизерги́новой кислоты́


theobromine

theobromine (countable and uncountable, plural theobromines)

(organic chemistry) An alkaloid, of similar structure to caffeine, found in chocolate/cocoa.


decine

(obsolete, organic chemistry) decenylene


methylpropanone

(organic chemistry) The industrial solvent butanone.


MEK

catalyst: A chemical that makes the polyester resin harden, usually MEK (methyl-ethyl-ketone)

1973, William Desmond Nelson, Surfing: A Handbook, page 220:

methyl ethyl ketone
methyl ethyl ketone#English

(organic chemistry) Initialism of methyl ethyl ketone.


resin acid

(organic chemistry) Any of many terpenoid acids produced by the resin ducts of conifers.


abietic acid

From Latin abiet, abies (“silver fir”) + English -ic (“having the character of”), + acid.

(organic chemistry) A yellowish resin acid isolated from rosin and used in varnishes and esters for plasticizers; C₁₉H₂₉COOH

abiëtinezuur

a yellowish resin acid isolated from rosin and used in varnishes


glycosylation

glycosylation (countable and uncountable, plural glycosylations)

(organic chemistry) The reaction of a saccharide with a hydroxy or amino functional group to form a glycoside; especially the reaction with a protein or lipid to form a glycoprotein or glycolipid.


amygdalic acid

(obsolete, organic chemistry) mandelic acid


amygdalate

amygdalate (countable and uncountable, plural amygdalates)

(organic chemistry, countable) Any salt or ester of amygdalic acid.


methylbenzene

methylbenzene (countable and uncountable, plural methylbenzenes)


mandelic acid

(organic chemistry) 2-phenyl-2-hydroxyacetic acid, C₆H₅CH(OH)COOH; originally extracted from bitter almonds, it has antibacterial and bacteriostatic properties.


interesterification

interesterification (countable and uncountable, plural interesterifications)

(organic chemistry) The reaction of an ester with an alcohol in order to obtain a different ester.


vinyl cyanide

These simulations suggest that vinyl cyanide (C₂H₃CN; also known as acrylonitrile or propenenitrile) would be the best candidate species for the formation of these hypothesized cell-like membranes, known as “azotosomes” (2).

2017 July 28, Mareen Y. Palmer, “ALMA detection and astrobiological potential of vinyl cyanide on Titan”, in Science Advances, volume 3, number 7:

(organic chemistry) The compound acrylonitrile.


benzaldehyde

benzaldehyde (countable and uncountable, plural benzaldehydes)

(organic chemistry, uncountable) A chemical compound (C₆H₅CHO) consisting of a benzene ring with an aldehyde substituent.


quinol

(organic chemistry) Synonym of hydroquinone


ethoxyethane

ethoxyethane (usually uncountable, plural ethoxyethanes)

(organic chemistry, systematic name) diethyl ether.


ethyl ether

(organic chemistry) Synonym of diethyl ether


diethyl ether

Volatiles of kecap manis and its raw materials were extracted using Likens-Nickerson apparatus with diethyl ether as the extraction solvent. The extracts were then dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated using a rotary evaporator followed by flushing using nitrogen until the volume was about 0.5 ml.

1997, A. J. Taylor, D. S. Mothram, editors, Flavour Science: Recent Developments, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 63:

(organic chemistry) A clear, colorless, highly flammable liquid with a low boiling point and chemical formula CH₃-CH₂-O-CH₂-CH₃. Used as a solvent and in the past as a general anesthetic.


homolog

/ˈhɑːməlɑːɡ/

/ˈhoʊməlɑːɡ/

Borrowed from French homologue, From Ancient Greek ὁμόλογος (homólogos, “agreeing, of one mind”), equivalent to homo- + -log.

der

Something homologous; a homologous organ or part, chemical compound, chromosome, gene, or cultural element.

(organic chemistry) A member of a homologous series.


ATRA

all-trans retinoic acid
all-trans retinoic acid#English

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) Initialism of all-trans retinoic acid.


crocetin

en-noun

crocetin (countable and uncountable, plural crocetins)

(organic chemistry) A natural carotenoid dicarboxylic acid that is found in the crocus flower.


crocin

crocin (countable and uncountable, plural crocins)

(organic chemistry) A natural carotenoid that is found in the flowers crocus and gardenia.


(organic chemistry, IUPAC name) isoprene


all-trans retinoic acid

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) Tretinoin.


tretinoin

tretinoin (usually uncountable, plural tretinoins)

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) The all-trans isomer of retinoic acid that is applied to the skin to treat severe acne and reduce facial wrinkles, roughness, and pigmented spots.


methanal

(organic chemistry) The IUPAC name for formaldehyde, rarely used in research or industry.


sinine

(organic chemistry) An alkaloid found in Heimia salicifolia.


MSM

MSM (countable and uncountable, plural MSM or MSMs)

(organic chemistry) Initialism of methylsulfonylmethane.


dioctyl phthalate

(organic chemistry) A compound with a high boiling point, found in some aerosols (C₂₄,H₃₈,O₄).


titanocene

(organic chemistry) dicyclopentadienyl titanium; a divalent radical of similar structure to ferrocene


dicyclopentadienyl

(organic chemistry) Two cyclopentadienyl radicals in a molecule


propanol

propanol (countable and uncountable, plural propanols)

пропилов алкохол

either of two isomeric aliphatic alcohols

(organic chemistry) Either of two isomeric aliphatic alcohols, C₃H₇-OH

1-propanol, n-propanol, propyl alcohol, propan-1-ol, n-propyl alcohol or 1-propyl alcohol - CH₃CH₂CH₂OH

isopropanol, isopropyl alcohol or propan-2-ol - (CH₃)₂CH-OH


butanol

butanol (countable and uncountable, plural butanols)

(organic chemistry) Any of four isomeric aliphatic alcohols, C₄H₉-OH

butan-1-ol or n-butanol or butyl alcohol - CH₃(CH₂)₃-OH

butan-2-ol or sec-butanol - CH₃CH₂CH(CH₃)-OH

2-methyl-propan-1-ol or iso-butanol - (CH₃)₂CHCH₂-OH

1,1-dimethyl-ethanol or tert-butanol - (CH₃)₃C-OH


retinal

retinal (countable and uncountable, plural retinals)

/ˈɹɛt.əˌnæl/

/ˈɹɛt.əˌnɔl/

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) A yellow to orange aldehyde derived from vitamin A that is formed from rhodopsin by the action of light and in combination with proteins forms the visual pigments of the retinal rods and cones.


phosphoramidite

The resultant phosphoramidite is stable and can be stored in the absence of moisture as a white powder.

2005, Philip J. Kocieński, Protecting Groups:

All the 60-mer length oligonucleotide probes, base-by-base, are printed from digital sequence files and the standard phosphoramidite chemistry used in the reactions allows for high coupling efficiencies . . .

2005, R. Dougherty, Genomic Signal Processing and Statistics:

(organic chemistry) Any amidite formally derived from a phosphite; they are used in the synthesis of nucleic acids etc


amido

(organic chemistry) The univalent radical -NH₂ when attached via a carboxyl group


OP

OP (countable and uncountable, plural OPs)

(organic chemistry) Abbreviation of organophosphate.


alkylation

(organic chemistry) Any reaction in which an alkyl group is added to a molecule; used in the production of high-octane petroleum fuels.


carbothermic

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) carbothermal


carbothermal

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) Using a combination of heat and carbon


carbothermal reduction

carbothermal reduction (plural carbothermal reductions)

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) Any reduction reaction that employs carbon at high temperatures


alizarin

alizarin (countable and uncountable, plural alizarins)

Borrowed from French alizarine, corresponding to alizari + -in.

glass headed pins,
oil-golds and copper greens,
anthracite blues, alizarins,

1946, Elizabeth Bishop, “Roosters”, in North and South:

In 1883, the German output of alizarin, the brilliant red chemical that imitated natural carmine, reached twelve thousand tons, dwarfing the amount being produced by Perkin's factory in London.

2010, Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Emperor of all Maladies, Fourth Estate, published 2011, page 82:

(organic chemistry) A red substance, 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone, extracted from madder root and used as a dye.


polyacetylene

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds containing a acetylene (-C≡C-) repeat units, especially any that occur naturally in some composite plants

polyyne

(organic chemistry) A black polymer, derived from acetylene, containing alternating single and double bonds in a (-CH=CH-) repeat unit; it is an organic semiconductor


tabun

(organic chemistry, military) An extremely toxic nerve gas; a clear, tasteless liquid, molecular formula C₅H₁₁N₂O₂P.


vinylogous

Aldrichimica Acta Volume 30 No 4 (pdf) from Sigma-Aldrich
Bulky electron-withdrawing groups can cause the vinylogous portion of the vinylcarbenoid to become the active electrophilic site, but usually the use of nonpolar solvents can minimize this type of reactivity.

(organic chemistry) Of, pertaining to or containing a vinyl group, specifically used to describe functional groups in which the standard moieties of the group are separated by a carbon–carbon double bond.

(organic chemistry) Describing a homologue of a vinyl compound


corannulene

(organic chemistry) Any of a group of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (circulenes) containing at least one ring of five fused benzene rings and thus having a non-planar form reminiscent of a bowl that is a fragment of buckminsterfullerene; a buckybowl.

(organic chemistry) The parent compound of this group


buckybowl

(informal, organic chemistry) A corannulene


Fischer indole synthesis

Fischer indole synthesis (plural Fischer indole syntheses)

For Hermann Emil Fischer, German chemist.

(organic chemistry) A class of chemical reaction in which a phenylhydrazine is reacted with an aldehyde or ketone to form an indole.

Fischer indole synthesis
Hermann Emil Fischer


spirocyclopropane

(organic chemistry) A divalent radical in which a cyclopropane ring is fused to another ring at a single carbon atom, the two rings being more-or-less at right angles to one another


cyclooctane

(organic chemistry) An alicyclic hydrocarbon, C₈H₁₆, consisting of a ring of eight carbon atoms


cyclononane

(organic chemistry) An alicyclic hydrocarbon, C₉H₁₈, consisting of a ring of nine carbon atoms


hexadecane

(organic chemistry) Any of the very many isomeric aliphatic hydrocarbons of general formula C₁₆H₃₄


CH activation

CH activation (countable and uncountable, plural CH activations)

(organic chemistry) Any of a wide range of techniques, often using catalysts, in which a carbon to hydrogen covalent bond of an organic compound is made to cleave in order to replace the hydrogen with a functional group.


cetane

(organic chemistry) The aliphatic hydrocarbon C₁₆H₃₄ (hexadecane) used as a standard for diesel fuel.


polyalcohol

(organic chemistry) An alcohol containing many hydroxy groups (typically more than two)


polyacrylic acid

polyacrylic acid (plural polyacrylic acids)

(organic chemistry) Any polymer of acrylic acid


polyacrylate

(organic chemistry) Any polymer of acrylic acid or its esters or salts

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of polyacrylic acid


undecylenate

From undecylenic acid + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).

af

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of undecylenic acid.


ethanoate

en-noun

ethanoate (countable and uncountable, plural ethanoates)

(organic chemistry) The acetate anion [C₂H₃O₂]⁻, a carboxylate and the conjugate base of ethanoic acid (acetic acid).


10-undecenoic acid

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) The common name for undecylenic acid.


undecylenic acid

unsaturated fatty acid
unsaturated fatty acid

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) An organic unsaturated fatty acid derived from natural castor oil (ricinoleic acid). It has fungicidal properties and is used in the treatment of skin disorders, nail fungus etc.


carboxylate

[…] substitution of a carboxylate would be expected to destabilize the dritterionic mesomer that contributes to the singlet valence bond description as the benzyne geometry becomes more bicyclic.

2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society, volume 125, page 134:

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of a carboxylic acid.


carboxylate

en-verb

carboxylate (third-person singular simple present carboxylates, present participle carboxylating, simple past and past participle carboxylated)

carboxylates (present singular third-person)
carboxylating (participle present)
carboxylated (participle past)
carboxylated (past)

From carboxylic acid + -ate (verb-forming suffix).

af

(organic chemistry) To form a carboxyl group by introduction of carbon dioxide

(organic chemistry) To react with a carboxylic acid


acrylate

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of acrylic acid.


polycarbazole

(organic chemistry) An electrically conducting polymer obtained by the polymerization of carbazole.


polyazulene

(organic chemistry) An electrically conducting polymer in which the repeat units are azulene molecules linked through the five-membered ring.


azulene

en-noun

azulene (countable and uncountable, plural azulenes)

(organic chemistry, uncountable) A bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon containing a five- and a seven-membered fused ring; it is a blue, oily liquid first obtained from the essential oil of wormwood.

(organic chemistry, countable) Any of its derivatives.


carbazole

(organic chemistry) A tricyclic aromatic organic compound containing two benzene rings fused to a pyrrole ring.

(organic chemistry) Any of its derivatives.