heptamethoxyflavone

heptamethoxyflavone (countable and uncountable, plural heptamethoxyflavones)

The linear range for the assay of atractylodin, pachymic acid, heptamethoxyflavone, naringenin, nobiletin, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid were 200–20,000, 10–1,000, 4–400, 50–5,000, 4–400, 2–200, 2–200, and 800–80,000 pg/mL, respectively.

(organic chemistry) Any hepta-methoxy derivative of flavone, but especially 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone, a citrus flavonoid that has biochemical activity in the brain


monostearate

The organic phase was composed of 100 mg of polymer (PCL), 30 mL of organic solvent (acetone), 200 mg of oil (triglycerides of capric and caprylic acids, in the form of Myritol 318), 40 mg of sorbitan monostearate surfactant (Span 60), and 10 mg of atrazine.

2015 July 18, “Nanoencapsulation Enhances the Post-Emergence Herbicidal Activity of Atrazine against Mustard Plants”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any compound containing a single stearate ester or ion


diphenylphosphine

(organic chemistry) An organophosphorus compound with the formula (C₆H₅)₂PH.


diphenylphosphide

2001, David W. Piotrowski, e-EROS Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Diphenylphosphine: (readily deprotonated to give diphenylphosphide; useful for the synthesis of phosphorus-based alkenation reagents; source of phosphorus-centered radical).

The reaction of sodium diphenylphosphide with tosylates has been employed in the synthesis of steroidal phophines.

1985, D. W. Hutchinson, Organophosphorus Chemistry, Volume 15, Royal Society of Chemistry:

(organic chemistry) A derivative of diphenylphosphine.


sodium diphenylphosphide

Sodium diphenylphosphide (Ph₂PNa) is readily prepared by adding Na to a solution of the diphosphine in dry Et₂O or THF (exothermic!), whereby the colour becomes yellow and the orange Na salt separates.

2003, W. L. F. Armarego, Purification of Laboratory Chemicals, Butterworth-Heinemann, page 536:

(organic chemistry) A chemical compound with the formula Ph₂PNa; Ph = Phenyl.


dimercaptotoluene

1983, Warren K. Miller, Syntheses and structures of new molybdenum complexes with dithiobenzoate and dimercaptotoluene ligands. Structural comparisons in a series of dithiolate-bridged dimers of molybdenum(III), Inorganic Chemistry
The reaction of [C₅H₅Mo(CO)₃]₂ with dimercaptotoluene also results in the formation of two new products.

(organic chemistry) A chemical compound with the formula CH₃C₆H₃(SH)₂.


dioctadecyl

Briefly, liposomes consisting of dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide and cholesterol (1:1 M ratio) were dried using a Rotavaporator (Brinkman, Westbury, NY), dissolved in 5 % glucose, and sonicated.

2015 May 20, Changping Gu et al., “Protective role of p120-catenin in maintaining the integrity of adherens and tight junctions in ventilator-induced lung injury”, in Respiratory Research, volume 16, →DOI:

(organic chemistry, in combination) Two octadecyl groups in a molecule.


cyclobenzannulation

Scheme 1 Novel intermediates detected by XAS in a Au-catalysed cyclobenzannulation Hashmi and Bertagnolli also employed XAS to investigate the oxidation state of the gold catalyst in an Au-catalysed oxidative esterification.

2015 June 18, Grant J Sherborne, Bao N Nguyen, “Recent XAS studies into Homogeneous metal catalyst in fine chemical and pharmaceutical syntheses”, in Chemistry Central Journal, volume 9, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The formation or expansion of a ring by the introduction of one or more fused benzene rings.


naphthochalcone

Represented pictures are shown from 2 wounds in each group at each day Our results reveal that the novel naphthochalcone derivative TDPN show faster wound closure and matrix remodeling (Figs. 5 and 6 ) via promoting the migration but not the proliferation of keratinocytes (Fig. 2 ).

2015 July 1, Ga Young Seo et al., “Novel naphthochalcone derivative accelerate dermal wound healing through induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition of keratinocyte”, in Journal of Biomedical Science, volume 22, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any naphthyl derivative of a chalcone


phenylboronic acid

en-noun

phenylboronic acid (countable and uncountable, plural phenylboronic acids)

(organic chemistry) The simplest aryl boronic acid, C₆H₅B(OH)₂.


kaurenoic acid

(organic chemistry) A polycyclic diterpene carboxylic acid which shows selective antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria


polyallylamine

In one study, amphiphilic polyallylamine polymeric micelles were shown to facilitate moderate levels of siRNA delivery to intestinal cells in vitro[21 ].

2015 July 21, “Lipidoid Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery to the Intestinal Epithelium: In Vitro Investigations in a Caco-2 Model”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A polymer of allylamine


bicine

A fresh aliquot of this Rubisco was subsequently dissolved in binding buffer (50 mM bicine, 15 mM MgCl 2, 20 mM NaCl, pH 7.9) and placed on ice.

2015 July 22, “Identification of Interactions between Abscisic Acid and Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine, a derivative of glycine that is used as a buffer.


hexadecanedioic acid

(organic chemistry) Any saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 16 carbon atoms, but especially 1,16-hexadecanedioic acid


bisbenzimide

Nuclear counterstaining (blue) with bisbenzimide.

2015 July 22, “Contribution of Schwann Cells to Remyelination in a Naturally Occurring Canine Model of CNS Neuroinflammation”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A fluorescent stain (2’-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-6-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-1H,3’H-2,5’-bibenzimidazole) for DNA


hexadecanedioate

Dicarboxylic acids such as hexadecanedioate, produced by ω-oxidation in the endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisome and then degraded via β-oxidation, were also enriched in the plasma of postnatally CD piglets.

2015 July 22, “Moderate Perinatal Choline Deficiency Elicits Altered Physiology and Metabolomic Profiles in the Piglet”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

hexadecanedioic acid
hexadecanedioic acid

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of a hexadecanedioic acid


lysolipid

(organic chemistry) Any derivative of a lipid in which one or both acyl derivatives have been removed by hydrolysis


harmol

(organic chemistry) A naturally occurring β-carboline.


imperatorin

The observed effect of imperatorin probably results from the interaction with various Ca 2+ influx pathways in intestine smooth muscle.

2015 July 8, Marta Mendel et al., “Effect of Imperatorin on the Spontaneous Motor Activity of Rat Isolated Jejunum Strips”, in Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM, volume 2015, →DOI:

Angelica archangelica
Angelica archangelica#Translingual

(organic chemistry) A furocoumarin isolated from Urena lobata, Angelica archangelica, and various other plants.


polyphosphoester

(organic chemistry) the ester of a polyphosphate


monogalactosyldiacylglycerol

The up-regulation of oxidoreductase, 2-oxoglutarate and Fe(II) oxygenase family proteins and lipase class 3 family protein genes, as well as the down-regulation of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase and H+-transporting ATP synthase genes were consistent with previous research on ‘Ca.

2015 July 22, “Transcriptional Analyses of Mandarins Seriously Infected by ‘ Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any galactosyl ether of a diglyceride.


triheptanoin

Indeed, Nishi et al. detected heptanoylghrelin [25 ] or decanoylghrelin [48 ] in the stomachs of mice fed with triheptanoin or tricaprin.

2015 July 22, “Dietary Caprylic Acid (C8:0) Does Not Increase Plasma Acylated Ghrelin but Decreases Plasma Unacylated Ghrelin in the Rat”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The triglyceride of heptanoic acid


tetrapentyl

Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT), umbelliferone, 4-[4-(dimethylamino)styryl]-N-methylpyridiniumiodide (ASP + ), penicillin-streptomycin and tetrapentyl ammonium (TPA) were from Sigma (Taufkirchen, Germany).

2015 July 22, “Esters of Bendamustine Are by Far More Potent Cytotoxic Agents than the Parent Compound against Human Sarcoma and Carcinoma Cells”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) (in combination) Four pentyl groups in a molecule


tricaprylin

A two-way ANOVA (not repeated measures) was used to analyze the effect of the diet and the localization in the stomach (fundus or corpus) on the C8:0 availability, and the effect of the tricaprylin on the frequency distribution of adipocyte diameter.

(organic chemistry) The triglyceride of caprylic acid


diisopropylethylamine

(organic chemistry) An amine used in organic chemistry as a base, traditionally prepared by the alkylation of diisopropylamine with diethyl sulfate.


chloromethylsulfonyl

Further, compound 21, which was synthesized by substituting the methylsulfonyl group with a chloromethylsulfonyl group, showed a marked increase in herbicidal activity […]

2012, Ulrich Schirmer, Peter Jeschke, Matthias Witschel, Modern Crop Protection Compounds: Herbicides, Volume 1, John Wiley & Sons, page 134:

(organic chemistry) A chemical compound with the formula CH₂ClO₂S.


hafnocene

(organic chemistry) A metallocene containing a hafnium atom.


niobocene

(organic chemistry) A metallocene containing a niobium atom.


molybdocene

(organic chemistry) A metallocene containing a molybdenum atom.


tungstenocene

From tungsten + -ocene (see metallocene derived terms).

af

(organic chemistry) A metallocene containing a tungsten atom.


hexamethyldisilane

(organic chemistry) The silane Si₂(CH₃)₆. It is a colourless liquid, soluble in organic solvents


tantalocene

(organic chemistry) A metallocene containing a tantalum atom.


cercosporin

The purple discoloration is caused by the accumulation of cercosporin, which causes membrane damage and cell death, subsequently decreasing grain marketability and seedling vigor.

2015 August 8, “More Cercospora Species Infect Soybeans across the Americas than Meets the Eye”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A toxin found in Cercospora species.


isovanillin

(organic chemistry) A phenolic aldehyde that is an isomer of vanillin.


carbon number

The properties of hydrocarbons can be correlated with the carbon number.

(organic chemistry) The number of carbon atoms in each molecule of a compound.


monocaprylate

Capryol 90 (propylene glycol monocaprylate) and Transcutol HP (purified diethylene glycol monoethyl ether) were kindly donated by Gattefosse.

2015 June 23, In-hwan Baek et al., “Design of a gelatin microparticle-containing self-microemulsifying formulation for enhanced oral bioavailability of dutasteride”, in Drug Design, Development and Therapy, volume 9, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any compound that contains a single caprylate group or ion


peroxalate

Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, containing 10 6 colony forming units (CFU)/mL was used as bacterial strain and green tea extracts were measured with the peroxalate chemiluminescence detection system.

2014 December 16, Afsaneh Noormandi, Fatemeh Dabaghzadeh, “Effects of green tea on Escherichia coli as a uropathogen”, in Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, volume 5, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of peroxalic acid


hydroxyamide

Novel hydroxyamide compounds developed using rational drug designing approaches, based on the binding site of phenytoin to VGSCs, have demonstrated significant inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channel activities and increased inhibition of androgen–independent prostate cancer cell growth in vitro in comparison to phenytoin and significant ability to reduce prostate cancer in vivo as well [ 124, 158 ].

2015 May 22, Vidhya R. Rao et al., “Voltage-Gated Ion Channels in Cancer Cell Proliferation”, in Cancers, volume 7, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The amide of a hydroxy acid


fluoroketone

(organic chemistry) A type of organic compound in which two fully fluorinated alkyl groups are attached to a carbonyl group.


benzotropolone

PPG, a natural benzotropolone compound extracted from nutgalls, was found in a high-throughput screening of natural products to identify inhibitors of PBD-dependent binding [61] .

2015 June 5, Xiaoqi Liu, “Targeting Polo-Like Kinases: A Promising Therapeutic Approach for Cancer Treatment1”, in Translational Oncology, volume 8, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any compound containing a benzene ring fused to one of a tropolone


biochanin

This finding showed that global or localized DNA methylation levels could be altered by 5-azacytidine, vinclozolin, genistein, and zinc but not by 5aza-2′-deoxycytidine, biochanin A, and cadmium.

2015 May 29, Hyo Jeong Kim et al., “Ecotoxicogenomic Approaches for Understanding Molecular Mechanisms of Environmental Chemical Toxicity Using Aquatic Invertebrate, Daphnia Model Organism”, in International Journal of Molecular Sciences, volume 16, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any of a particular group of naturally-occurring flavonoids


dihydroxyflavone

All the selected dihydroxyflavone derivatives showed dose and time dependent inhibition of carrageenan induced paw oedema.

2015 May 1, S Umamaheswari, K.S.Sridevi Sangeetha, “Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Selected Dihydroxyflavones”, in Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research : JCDR, volume 9, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any dihydroxy derivative of a flavone


disuccinimidyl

We are using disuccinimidyl suberate as a crosslinker which has a spacer arm length of 11.4 Å.

2015 May 8, Maximilian Grimm et al., “xVis: a web server for the schematic visualization and interpretation of crosslink-derived spatial restraints”, in Nucleic Acids Research, volume 43, →DOI:

(organic chemistry, in combination) Two succinimidyl radicals in a compound


thiazovivin

We have observed similar effects of ROCK inhibition on preventing the passage-dependent loss of RPE phenotype using fetal RPE and thiazovivin, although the effect may be less efficacious than TGFBR1/ACRV1B inhibition with respect to reversal of the effects of passage or low density plating (M.

2015 June 19, Monte J. Radeke et al., “Restoration of mesenchymal retinal pigmented epithelial cells by TGFβ pathway inhibitors: implications for age-related macular degeneration”, in Genome Medicine, volume 7, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The kinase inhibitor N-benzyl-2-(pyrimidin-4-ylamino)thiazole-4-carboxamide


syringaldazine

Enzyme capacities (units (U) g −1 FW) of catalase ( A, CAT); glutathione reductase ( B, GR); guaiacol peroxidase ( C, GPX) and syringaldazine peroxidase ( D, SPX) in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves exposed to different U concentrations for three days at pH 7.5.

2015 June 2, Eline Saenen et al., “Induction of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidative Mechanisms in Arabidopsis thaliana after Uranium Exposure at pH 7.5”, in International Journal of Molecular Sciences, volume 16, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The azo compound 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde azine that is used as an indicator of laccase and peroxidase activity


pyrroloquinolinequinone

(organic chemistry) Any quinone derived from a pyrroloquinoline; the third known redox cofactor in bacteria, after nicotinamide and flavin.


debenzylate

en-verb

debenzylate (third-person singular simple present debenzylates, present participle debenzylating, simple past and past participle debenzylated)

debenzylates (present singular third-person)
debenzylating (participle present)
debenzylated (participle past)
debenzylated (past)

From de- + benzyl + -ate (verb-forming suffix).

af

This method described by Sinaÿ et al. can only debenzylate the α-isomer of 20 and led to compound 21 which was then phosphorylated using the dibenzyl phosphoramidite and subsequently oxidized to compound 22.

2015 August 5, Abbas El Sahili et al., “A Pyranose-2-Phosphate Motif Is Responsible for Both Antibiotic Import and Quorum-Sensing Regulation in Agrobacterium tumefaciens”, in PLoS Pathogens, volume 11, →DOI:

(organic chemistry, transitive) To remove one or more benzyl groups from.


styrylpyridinium

Consistent with the role of SLC22A1 in the uptake of the styrylpyridinium dye ASP, K562OCT1 cells showed higher ASP incorporation compared to K562S, while silencing of SLC22A1 or treatment with the specific SLC22A1 inhibitor amantadine (Ama) [ 18 ] led to decreased ASP incorporation levels similar to K562S.

2015 July 7, Sara Redaelli et al., “In vitro and in vivo identification of ABCB1 as an efflux transporter of bosutinib”, in Journal of Hematology & Oncology, volume 8, →DOI:

(organic chemistry, especially in combination) Any styryl derivative of a pyridinium radical


dibromoterfluorene

For this purpose, we used dibromoterfluorene (DBTF) monomers, consisting of three fluorene units, carrying lateral methyl groups and a Br atom at each end ( Fig. 1A ).

2009 February 27, Leif Lafferentz et al., “Conductance of a Single Conjugated Polymer as a Continuous Function of Its Length”, in Science, volume 323, number 5918, →DOI, pages 1193–1197:

(organic chemistry) A dibromo derivative of terfluorene


dioctylfluorene

However, they also display smaller HOMO-LUMO gaps ( 26 ) than the polyfluorene molecular wire investigated here [a gap between 3 and 4 eV has been determined for similar poly(dioctylfluorene) molecules ( 27 )].

(organic chemistry) A dioctyl derivative of fluorene


dioctyl

(organic chemistry, in combination) Two octyl groups in a molecule


limbachalcone

Extraction with CH 2 Cl 2 (3 × 10 mL), dryingover Na 2 SO 4, and chromatographic purification on a silica gel column with mixtures of n -hexane-EtOAc yielded, after crystallization, 2′-hydroxy-3′,6′-dimethoxy-4′- O -(3″-methylbut-2″-enyl)chalcone ( 3 ) (8.4 mg, 84 %), trivially named limbachalcone A.

2015 June 24, Antoine Honoré Lonfouo Nkuété et al., “Anti-leukemia activity of semi-synthetic phenolic derivatives from Polygonum limbatum Meisn.”, in Chemistry Central Journal, volume 9, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any of a family of chalcones isolated from Persicaria limbata (syn. Polygonum limbatum).


lumazine

DNA vaccines encoding ribosomal L7/L12, lumazine synthase ( BLS ), P39 (a putative periplasmic binding protein), Omp16 (outer membrane protein) and BAB1_0278 genes have demonstrated to confer protection against B. abortus challenge in mice [ 22, 23, 27, 42 ].

2015 July 8, Elaine MS Dorneles, Nammalwar Sriranganathan, Andrey P. Lage, “Recent advances in Brucella abortus vaccines”, in Veterinary Research, volume 46, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The phenolic heterocycle 2,4-dihydroxypteridine that is related to riboflavin


monomethylfumarate

The active antipsoriatic agent monomethylfumarate inhibits the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, interleukin-1 alpha [ 6 ] and increases the secretion of interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 by helper T-cells [ 7 ].

2015 July 8, Nele Dammeier et al., “Case report of a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy under treatment with dimethyl fumarate”, in BMC Neurology, volume 15, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The monomethyl ester of fumaric acid


dihydrocarveol

(organic chemistry) A derivative of carveol in which the ring double bond has been hydrogenated


loniceroside

Compounds identified from FLJ are listed in Table 1, including chlorogenic acid, luteolin, loganin, and loniceroside A.

2015 July 2, Yi-ping Guo, Li-gen Lin, Yi-tao Wang, “Chemistry and pharmacology of the herb pair Flos Lonicerae japonicae-Forsythiae fructus”, in Chinese Medicine, volume 10, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any of a group of glycosides isolated from plants of the genus Lonicera.


tetrachlorophenol

2,4,5-trichlorophenol was partially dechlorinated to 3,4-dichlorophenol, pentachlorophenol was partially dechlorinated to 3,4-dichlorophenol and an unidentified tetrachlorophenol.

2015 February 24, Tobias Goris et al., “Draft genome sequence and characterization of Desulfitobacterium hafniense PCE-S”, in Standards in Genomic Sciences, volume 10, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any of three isomeric tetrachloro derivatives of phenol


bibenzyl

en-noun

bibenzyl (countable and uncountable, plural bibenzyls)

(organic chemistry) 1,2-diphenylethane, an aromatic chemical compound that forms the central core of certain natural products, such as dihydrostilbenoids and isoquinoline alkaloids.

(organic chemistry, in combination) Two benzyl groups in a molecule


plakohypaphorine

(organic chemistry) Any of a group of iodine-containing indole alkaloids resembling hypaphorine and first reported in the Caribbean sponge Plakortis simplex.


Auwers synthesis

First reported by Karl von Auwers in 1908.

(organic chemistry) A series of organic reactions forming a flavonol from a coumarone.


allylsulfide

(organic chemistry) Any allyl sulfide or mercaptan


allylstannane

(organic chemistry) Any allyl derivative of a stannane


carbonucleophile

(organic chemistry) Any nucleophile containing a nucleophilic carbon atom


deoxyanthocyanin

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of compounds derived from an anthocyanin by loss of a hydroxy group


furanyne

(organic chemistry) Any compound containing a furan ring joined to an alkyne


fluoroplastic

(organic chemistry) Any plastic formally derived from another by replacing some or all hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon chain by atoms of fluorine


BDAC

(organic chemistry) Abbreviation of benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride.


dimethoxyphenylethylamine

(organic chemistry) Any dimethoxy derivative of phenylethylamine, some of which have biochemical action


isovalerate

From isovaleric acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

af

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of isovaleric acid.


heteronucleophile

(organic chemistry) Any heterocyclic nucleophile in which the nucleophilic atom is a heteroatom


chloral hydrate

/ˌklɔɹˌæl ˈhaɪˌdɹeɪt/

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) An organic compound with the chemical formula C₂H₃Cl₃O₂, used as a sedative and hypnotic drug and as a laboratory reagent and precursor.


sesquiterpenol

(organic chemistry) Any sesquiterpenoid alcohol


valerianol

(organic chemistry) A sesquiterpenol, 2-[(2R,8R,8aS)-8,8a-dimethyl-2,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-2-yl]propan-2-ol, found in Valeriana.


arabinosylcytosine

The patients undergoing haploidentical HSCT were conditioned with 9.0–10.5 Gy TBI on days −7 and −6, 6 g/m 2 /day intravenous arabinosylcytosine (Ara-C) on days −5 to −3, 45 mg/kg/day intravenous CY on days −3 to −2, and 2.5 mg/kg/day intravenous anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) (Sanofi, SangStat, Lyon, France) on days −5 to −2.

2015 July 26, Li Gao et al., “Favorable outcome of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a multicenter study in Southwest China”, in Journal of Hematology & Oncology, volume 8, →DOI:

(organic chemistry, medicine) A cytidine analog, formed from arabinose and cytosine, that has antiviral and anticancer activity.


furanoflavonol

Karanjin (structure depicted in Figure 1 ) is a major active furanoflavonol constituent of Fordia cauliflora Hemsl.

2015 July 26, Jian-Ru Guo et al., “Effects of karanjin on cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human A549, HepG2 and HL-60 cancer cells”, in Biological Research, volume 48, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A flavonol possessing a furan group


methylenedioxyphenethylamine

en-noun

methylenedioxyphenethylamine (countable and uncountable, plural methylenedioxyphenethylamines)

/ˌmɛθ.ɪ.liːn.daɪˌɒk.siˌfɛn.ɛˈθaɪ.lə.miːn/

(organic chemistry) A methylenedioxy derivative of phenethylamine, many of whose derivatives are psychoactive


hydroxycarboxylic

Locally produced L-lactate may play a role in hormone function in an autocrine and paracrine fashion via hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1, also referred to as GPR81/FKSG80) to exert antilipolytic effects on adipose tissue [ 4 ] or to modulate the activity of primary cortical neurons [ 5 ].

2015 July 25, Waldemar Wagner, Wojciech M. Ciszewski, Katarzyna D. Kania, “L- and D-lactate enhance DNA repair and modulate the resistance of cervical carcinoma cells to anticancer drugs via histone deacetylase inhibition and hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 activation”, in Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS, volume 13, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Relating to any carboxylic acid that has one or more hydroxy groups


paraquinone

paraquinone (countable and uncountable, plural paraquinones)


orthoquinone

orthoquinone (countable and uncountable, plural orthoquinones)


tributyl phosphate

(organic chemistry) The tributyl ester of phosphoric acid


tributylphosphate

In the laboratory experiments the partition coefficients for uranium extraction by different extractants, like e.g.: tributylphosphate (TBP), triethylamine (TEA), di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), tri- n -octylamine (TnOA) and trioctylphosphine oxide were determined.

2013 October 25, Paweł Biełuszka et al., “Liquid–liquid extraction of uranium(VI) in the system with a membrane contactor”, in Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, volume 299, →DOI:

tributyl phosphate
tributyl phosphate#English

(organic chemistry) Alternative form of tributyl phosphate


ciliobrevin

Curiously, when assaying the effect of ciliobrevin, a specific inhibitor of cytoplasmic dynein, on oligodendrocyte PC, we noted that its effect on PC morphology was countered by Shh treatment, suggesting that this pathway is not only dependent on the PC but also partially capable of rescuing this organelle from drug-induced loss.

2015 July 29, “Shh Signaling through the Primary Cilium Modulates Rat Oligodendrocyte Differentiation”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any of a family of quinazolinylidene derivatives that are inhibitors of cytoplasmic dynein


helional

The highest score of helional is -12.26kcal/mol and it forms three H-bonds, one salt bridge and one pi-pi interaction (Fig 12 ), which results in the most stable interaction as compared to other ligands.

2015 July 30, “Computational Approaches for Decoding Select Odorant-Olfactory Receptor Interactions Using Mini-Virtual Screening”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The aromatic aldehyde 3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-methylpropanal that is used commercially as a fragrance


paramaleate

From paramaleic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

af

(obsolete, organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of paramaleic acid.


lipodepsinonapeptide

(organic chemistry) A compound consisting of a closed ring of nine non-ribosomally synthesized amino acids bonded to a fatty acid hydrocarbon tail.


penicilloic acid

(organic chemistry) Any of several acids obtained from the penicillins by the hydrolytic opening of the lactam ring (as by the action of a beta-lactamase).


glutamylation

(organic chemistry) Modification by reaction with glutamic acid


helenalin

Arnica montana
Arnica montana#Translingual

(organic chemistry) A highly toxic sesquiterpene lactone found in Arnica montana and Arnica chamissonis subsp. foliosa.


panaxadiol

Previous studies showed that panaxadiol saponin (PDS) and Dexamethasone have similar anti-inflammatory properties and protect cardiopulmonary function in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic shock rats.

2015 August 1, “Panaxadiol Saponin and Dexamethasone Improve Renal Function in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mouse Model of Acute Kidney Injury”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The steroid derivative 4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-(2,6,6-trimethyloxan-2-yl)-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,12-diol


trioctylamine

Cell pellets were extracted at 4°C with 15% TCA containing 13 C, 15 N-ATP as the internal standard, and then neutralized with a mixture of trioctylamine and 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane.

2015 August 1, “c-Myc and AMPK Control Cellular Energy Levels by Cooperatively Regulating Mitochondrial Structure and Function”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The tertiary amine (CH₃-(CH₂)₇-)₃N


pyridyne

(organic chemistry) The pyridine analogue of benzyne.


fusaric acid

(organic chemistry) A derivative of picolinic acid, found in Fusarium species.


epoxidate

en-verb

epoxidate (third-person singular simple present epoxidates, present participle epoxidating, simple past and past participle epoxidated)

epoxidates (present singular third-person)
epoxidating (participle present)
epoxidated (participle past)
epoxidated (past)

From epoxide + -ate (verb-forming suffix).

(organic chemistry) to undergo the reaction that produces an epoxide; oxidation reactions of alkenes give cyclic ethers in which both carbons of a double bond become bonded to the same oxygen atom)


deconjugate

deconjugate (third-person singular simple present deconjugates, present participle deconjugating, simple past and past participle deconjugated)

deconjugates (present singular third-person)
deconjugating (participle present)
deconjugated (participle past)
deconjugated (past)

(organic chemistry) to disrupt a system of conjugated double bonds leading to loss of conjugation


cytidyl

(organic chemistry, especially in combination) A univalent radical derived from cytidine


monochamol

Furthermore, a close structural analog of monochamol, 4-(n-heptyloxy)butan-1-ol, is produced by male A.

2015 August 5, “Identification of a Male-Produced Pheromone Component of the Citrus Longhorned Beetle, Anoplophora chinensis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The pheromone 2-undecyloxyethan-1-ol


mesocycle

(organic chemistry) A ring that is smaller than a macrocycle


ostruthol

(organic chemistry) A coumarin found in the plant Angelica archangelica.


apterin

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A furanocoumarin, the glucoside of vaginol, found in Zizia aptera and other plants.


xanthopuccin

(organic chemistry, obsolete) A supposed alkaloid related to berberine, possibly just an impure form of it.


xanthoxylin

(organic chemistry, obsolete) The active principle of the prickly ash (formerly in genus Xanthoxylum, now Zanthoxylum).


harmala alkaloid

en-noun

harmala alkaloid (plural harmala alkaloids)

Peganum harmala
Peganum harmala#Translingual

(organic chemistry) Any of various alkaloids of similar chemical structure, including harmine, harmaline, and harmalol, that function as MAOIs and are found in the seeds of Peganum harmala.


dihydrodaidzein

A negative correlation was observed between BMI and the dihydrodaidzein (DHD) production in men, and between BMI and the equol production in women.

2015 May 19, Motoi TAMURA et al., “Relationships among fecal daidzein metabolites, dietary habit and BMI in healthy volunteers: a preliminary study”, in Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health, volume 34, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The isoflavone 7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one


carbinolic

Anomeric/carbinolic (a) and aliphatic regions (b) of 1 H- 13 C DEPT-HSQC spectrum of OS core of the LOS from P. arcticus strain 273-4.

2015 July 22, Angela Casillo et al., “Structural Investigation of the Oligosaccharide Portion Isolated from the Lipooligosaccharide of the Permafrost Psychrophile Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4”, in Marine Drugs, volume 13, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Relating to a carbinol


dansylate

en-verb

dansylate (third-person singular simple present dansylates, present participle dansylating, simple past and past participle dansylated)

dansylates (present singular third-person)
dansylating (participle present)
dansylated (participle past)
dansylated (past)

(organic chemistry) To derivatize with a dansyl group by reacting with dansyl chloride, 5(dimethylamino)naphth‐1‐ylsulfonyl chloride. (The method is used to acylate free amino groups in protein end‐group.)


hamabiwalactone

The quantification of hamabiwalactone A and B in the LJFE was performed using the external standard method, and pure hamabiwalactone A and B were used as the standard stock solutions (12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL) [16 ].

2015 August 6, “Anti-Osteoarthritic Effects of the Litsea japonica Fruit in a Rat Model of Osteoarthritis Induced by Monosodium Iodoacetate”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any of a group of substituted furanones (such as (2S)-4-[(1E)-dodeca-1,11-dienyl]-2-methyl-2H-furan-5-one) that inhibit hemolysis


sirtinol

The present results also showed elevated intracellular Aβ1–42 levels were markedly inhibited by cilostazol and that this inhibition was blocked by KT5720 and sirtinol, indicating that cAMP-dependent protein kinase and SIRT1 underlie the action mechanism of cilostazol, as has been previously reported by Lee et al.

2015 August 6, “Cilostazol Upregulates Autophagy via SIRT1 Activation: Reducing Amyloid-β Peptide and APP-CTFβ Levels in Neuronal Cells”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The substituted benzamide 2-[(2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-ylmethylene)amino]-N-(1-phenethyl)benzamide, that is biochemically active


pyrroloquinoline

These include pyrroloquinoline quinone [45 ], AMP-activated protein kinase activators such as 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide [46 ], and adiponectin receptor agonists [47 ].

2015 August 6, “αvβ5 Integrin/FAK/PGC-1α Pathway Confers Protective Effects on Retinal Pigment Epithelium”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any of a family of compounds containing a pyrrole ring fused to the benzene ring of a quinoline


folyl

(organic chemistry, especially in combination) The univalent radical derived from folic acid


neochlorogenic acid

(organic chemistry) A natural polyphenolic compound, an isomer of chlorogenic acid, found in certain dried fruits and a variety of other plant sources.


Paal-Knorr synthesis

en-noun

Paal-Knorr synthesis (usually uncountable, plural Paal-Knorr syntheses)

It was reported independently in 1884 by German chemists Carl Paal and Ludwig Knorr.

(organic chemistry) A reaction that generates either furans, pyrroles, or thiophenes from 1,4-diketones.


depeptidize

en-verb

depeptidize (third-person singular simple present depeptidizes, present participle depeptidizing, simple past and past participle depeptidized)

depeptidizes (present singular third-person)
depeptidizing (participle present)
depeptidized (participle past)
depeptidized (past)

By introducing peptide isosteres, modifying the side chains of amino acids, and methylating amide nitrogens to depeptidize the molecule, the methylated Analog 7 was identified […]

2013 September 15, Anita Y. M. Howe, Srikanth Venkatraman, “The Discovery and Development of Boceprevir: A Novel, First-generation Inhibitor of the Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4A Serine Protease”, in Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology, volume 1, →DOI:

(transitive, biochemistry, organic chemistry) To remove the peptide bonds from.


jacaric

From jacaranda, from whose seeds the acid was first obtained, + -ic.

(organic chemistry) Relating to jacaric acid or its derivatives.


jacaric acid

polyunsaturated fatty acid
polyunsaturated fatty acid

(organic chemistry) The polyunsaturated fatty acid (8Z,10E,12Z)-octadeca-8,10,12-trienoic acid


tricin

(organic chemistry) An O-methylated flavone found in rice bran.


tricine

(organic chemistry) An organic compound used in buffer solutions.


apimaysin

The two maysin derivatives apimaysin and 3”-methoxymaysin were not present in any of the plant lines.

2015 August 13, “Maize Domestication and Anti-Herbivore Defences: Leaf-Specific Dynamics during Early Ontogeny of Maize and Its Wild Ancestors”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A glycosyl flavone, 5,7-dihydroxy-6-[4-hydroxy-6-methyl-5-oxo-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one, found in maize silks


nitroheterocycle

(organic chemistry) Any nitro derivative of a heterocycle


lysoglycerophospholipid

Further research is required to evaluate the different activities of saturated and unsaturated Lyso-PAF. In mammals, LPC is a highly abundant bioactive lysoglycerophospholipid in the circulation, predominantly associated with albumin [24 ] and lipoproteins, such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) [25 ].

2015 August 15, “Cytoprotective Effects of Lysophospholipids from Sea Cucumber Holothuria atra”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any derivative of a glycerophospholipid in which one or both acyl derivatives have been removed by hydrolysis


butyrolactone

Novitzky noted that Rose had recently pleaded guilty to federal charges of distributing gamma butyrolactone, or GBL, a drug sometimes sold as a steroid adjunct, to minor league players.

2007 December 22, Michael S. Schmidt, “Fernandez and Rose Jr. Are Linked to Radomski”, in New York Times:

(organic chemistry) Any lactone derived from a hydroxybutyric acid


euscaphic acid

(organic chemistry) A triterpenoid carboxylic acid found in Euscaphis japonica


exomethylene

Furthermore, the 1 H NMR spectrum of 1 also exhibited the presence of a 2″-isopropenyl dihydrofuran ring—a methyl group singlet signal at δ H 1.72 (3H, s, H-5″) and two broad singlets for an exomethylene group signal at δ H 4.82 (1H, s, Ha-4″) and 5.03 (1H, s, Hb-4″).

2015 August 19, “Isoflavonoids from Crotalaria albida Inhibit Adipocyte Differentiation and Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Cells via Suppression of PPAR-γ Pathway”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A methylene group attached by a double bond to the outside of a ring


tyvelose

Glycoproteins induced strong immune response during infection and antibody against a tyvelose motif on several secreted and surface glycoproteins in T.

2015 August 20, “Partially Protective Immunity Induced by a 20 kDa Protein Secreted by Trichinella spiralis Stichocytes”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) An immunomodulatory compound, related to sugars, found in Trichinella spiralis glycoprotein antigens


castanoside

Putative structural matches include: ( 34 ) castanoside B. Peak 39 was determined to be C 17 H 11 O 8 or C 20 H 11 O 4 N 2 with a relative abundance of 0.72%.

2015 August 22, “Castanea sativa (European Chestnut) Leaf Extracts Rich in Ursene and Oleanene Derivatives Block Staphylococcus aureus Virulence and Pathogenesis without Detectable Resistance”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any of a group of hydroxy-cinnamoylmannopyranosides found in chestnuts of the genus Castanea.


transacylation

Besides, in some plants, the synthesis of TAG can also be assembled by transacylation of the sn-2 FA from phospatidylcholine (PC) onto sn-3-position of diacylglycerols(DAG), catalyzed by the phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT) enzyme during seed maturation [11, 12 ].

2015 August 25, “The Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) Gene AhLPAT2 Increases the Lipid Content of Transgenic Arabidopsis Seeds”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The transfer of an acyl group form one molecule to another, or from one position to another


hydroxypropyl cellulose

(organic chemistry) A derivative of cellulose with both water solubility and organic solubility. Used as an excipient and food ingredient.


aminothiol

(organic chemistry) Any amino derivative of a thiol


glucanosyl

(organic chemistry, especially in combination) A univalent radical derived from a glucan.


epoxyketone

(organic chemistry) Any ketone that also contains an epoxy group


parthemollin

(organic chemistry) A xanthanolide found in Parthenice mollis.


dicyclohexylurea

The dicyclohexylurea by-product was filtered off.

2015 September 24, “18 F-FP-PEG 2 -β-Glu-RGD 2 : A Symmetric Integrin α v β 3 -Targeting Radiotracer for Tumor PET Imaging”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A urea that has a cyclohexyl group attached to each nitrogen, with molecular formula C₁₃H₂₄N₂O.


macrolactam

(organic chemistry) A macrocyclic lactam


clausmarin

Here, we investigated the likely mechanism of clausmarin A action in yeast and Jurkat T-cells.

2015 August 28, “Clausmarin A, Potential Immunosuppressant Revealed by Yeast-Based Assay and Interleukin-2 Production Assay in Jurkat T Cells”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any of a family of terpenoid coumarins found in citrus plants of the genus Clausena


hymenialdisine

Similarly, marine sponge metabolite hymenialdisine was found to be a potent inhibitor of IL-2 and TNF-α production.

2015 October 1, “Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Effects of the Organic Extract of the Red Sea Marine Sponge Xestospongia testudinaria against Carrageenan Induced Rat Paw Inflammation”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A substance found in marine sponges that inhibits cyclin-dependent kinases, glycogen synthase kinase-3beta, and casein kinase 1.


pentagalacturonic acid

polygalacturonic acid
polygalacturonic acid

(organic chemistry) A breakdown product of polygalacturonic acid (pectic acid) containing five galacturonic acid units


malonylation

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) The addition of a malonyl group, especially to a lysine residue of a protein


demalonylation

Sirt4 and Sirt5 do not only have NAD + -dependent deacetylase activity, but also ADP-ribosylation activity and demalonylation and desuccinylation activity, respectively [22, 29, 50 ].

2015 September 4, “The Molecular Mechanism of Amyloid β42 Peptide Toxicity: The Role of Sphingosine Kinase-1 and Mitochondrial Sirtuins”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The removal of a malonyl group


clenproperol

C 2 H 4 Cl 2 was found to preconcentrate 10 β 2 -agonists; however, the enrichment factors of ractopamine, cimbuterol, clorprenaline, clenproperol and bambuterol were lower than that found for CHCl 3 .

2015 September 9, “Development of a^([sic]) Efficient and Sensitive Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Technique for Extraction and Preconcentration of 10 β 2 -Agonists in Animal Urine”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The amphetamine 1-(4-amino-3,5-dichloro-)-2-isopropylaminoethanol


distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine

COATSOME ® MC-6081 (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine(POPC)), SUNBRIGHT ® DSPE-PG8MG (condensation product of N-(octaglycerol-glutaryl) distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine with 3-methylglutaric acid (DSPE-PG8MG)), were provided by NOF CORPORATION (Tokyo, Japan). 1, 2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(lissaminerhodamine B sulfonyl) (ammonium salt) (Rhodamine-PE) was purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Birmingham, AL, USA).

2015 September 10, “Nanoformulation of Geranylgeranyltransferase-I Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy: Liposomal Encapsulation and pH-Dependent Delivery to Cancer Cells”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A cephalin (phosphatidylethanolamine) containing two stearate groups


anthrafuran

(organic chemistry) Any of a group of heterocycles composed of a furan ring fused to an anthracene


tritylation

(organic chemistry) The addition of a trityl protecting group


triphenylmethyl

en-noun

triphenylmethyl (countable and uncountable, plural triphenylmethyls)

(organic chemistry) The univalent radical (C₆H₅)₃C- that is used as a protecting group


meroterpenoid

(organic chemistry) Any terpenoid derived from a meroterpene


heterospirocyclic

(organic chemistry) Both heterocyclic and spirocyclic


detritylation

With option (iii) one may run into the problem of partial detritylation of trimer building blocks due to their longer exposure to the mildly acidic coupling agent.

2015 September 11, “A Robust and Versatile Method of Combinatorial Chemical Synthesis of Gene Libraries via Hierarchical Assembly of Partially Randomized Modules”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The removal of a trityl protecting group


pseurotin

It is interesting to note that genes belonging to the biosynthesis gene cluster of the secondary metabolite pseurotin A [36 ] (grouped in the ID 01.20) were specifically induced by caspofungin (Fig 2F and 2G ).

2015 September 11, “Network Modeling Reveals Cross Talk of MAP Kinases during Adaptation to Caspofungin Stress in Aspergillus fumigatus”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of heterospirocyclic metabolites produced by Pseudeurotium ovalis


thiocolchicine

However, owing to their high toxicities, colchicine and thiocolchicine are still in preclinical trials to determine their potential anti-tumor activity.

2015 September 11, “A Novel Microtubule-Disrupting Agent Induces Endoplasmic Reticular Stress-Mediated Cell Death in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any thio derivative of colchicine, but especially the tubulin synthesis inhibitor 10-thiocolchicine


crocoxanthin

Monadoxanthin, losing one hydroxyl group, turns into crocoxanthin (one hydroxyl and acetylene bond). The product of reduction of crocoxanthin was not found, and it is a problem for further research […]

2012, Vladimir S. Saakov, Valery Z. Drapkin, Alexander I. Krivchenko, Derivative Spectrophotometry and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) Spectroscopy for Ecological and Biological Questions (page 266)

Some pigments were not present as both GP spectra and HPLC standards, such as α-carotene, 19’-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin, crocoxanthin, and lycopene, which were present as HPLC standards, but not as GP spectra.

2015 September 12, “Spectrophotometric Analysis of Pigments: A Critical Assessment of a High-Throughput Method for Analysis of Algal Pigment Mixtures by Spectral Deconvolution”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) An acetylenic carotenoid (3R,6'R)-7,8-didehydro-β,ε-caroten-3-ol


luminacin

The structure of migracin is related to that of luminacin C. Luminacin C was isolated from Streptomyces sp. as an inhibitor of capillary tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).

2015 September 12, “Inhibition of IGF-1-Mediated Cellular Migration and Invasion by Migracin A in Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma Cells”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any of a particular group of angiogenesis inhibitors isolated from an actinomycete.


monodictyphenone

Genes within the monodictyphenone cluster were in the top 20 up-regulated genes […]

2015 September 12, “The WOPR Domain Protein OsaA Orchestrates Development in Aspergillus nidulans”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any of a family of phenolic benzophenones isolated from a fungus of the genus Monodictys


virstatin

In a previous study, synthetic compound virstatin inhibited CT production by affecting ToxT post transcriptionally [14 ].

2015 September 12, “Suppression of Virulence of Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae by Anethole through the Cyclic AMP (cAMP)-cAMP Receptor Protein Signaling System”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The benzo-isoquinoline 4-(1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)butanoic acid that inhibits the expression of cholera toxin


shogaol

shogaol (usually uncountable, plural shogaols)

From Japanese 生姜 (“ginger”) and suffix -ol.

(organic chemistry) A pungent constituent of ginger, similar in chemical structure to gingerol.


dehydrocafestol

This finding could explain the lower radical-scavenging activity recorded for RCO than for GCO. As regards the diterpenes, there is no consensus in the literature data regarding the decrease of kahweol and cafestol contents during coffee beans roasting, but it has been reported that dehydrocafestol and dehydrokahweol are generated by dehydration of diterpenes under heat exposure [48 ].

2015 September 15, “Investigation on Crude and High-Temperature Heated Coffee Oil by ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy along with Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any dehydro- derivative of cafestol, but especially 15,16-dehydrocafestol that is present in roasted coffee


dehydrokahweol

(organic chemistry) Any dehydro- derivative of kahweol, but especially 11,12-dehydrokahweol that is present in roasted coffee


homospermidine

On the other hand, it can be observed that, with small exceptions, the S. pneumonia strains are the only Streptococci equipped with homospermidine biosynthesis and pyruvate oxidation pathways, which have been found to be involved in pathogenicity mechanisms [50 ] and in the counteraction of oxidative stress [51 ].

2015 September 15, “Assessing the Metabolic Diversity of Streptococcus from a Protein Domain Point of View”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The amine N-(4-aminobutyl)-1,4-butanediamine


heptatriyne

(organic chemistry) Any aliphatic triyne containing seven carbon atoms


heptatriene

(organic chemistry) Any aliphatic triene containing seven carbon atoms


metasaccharinic acid

metasaccharinic acid (plural metasaccharinic acids)

(organic chemistry) Any of a family of polyhydroxy carboxylic acids formed by direct dismutation of an aldose sugar.


phenylheptatriyne

The phenylheptatriyne mix from B.

2015 September 15, “The Invasive American Weed Parthenium hysterophorus Can Negatively Impact Malaria Control in Africa”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any phenyl derivative of a heptatriyne


phenylheptatriene

Preliminary studies had indicated that parthenin and phenylheptatriene, the major metabolites in P.

(organic chemistry) Any phenyl derivative of a heptatriene


tetraazacyclic

Of these, three tetraazacyclic compounds can potently inhibit RORγt activity, and suppress Th17 differentiation and IL-17 production.

2015 September 15, “Identification of Tetraazacyclic Compounds as Novel Potent Inhibitors Antagonizing RORγt Activity and Suppressing Th17 Cell Differentiation”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Describing cyclic compounds that have four nitrogen atoms in the ring


tricyclohexylammonium

Enzyme assays were performed in a 100 μL volume containing 50 mM Bicine, pH 8.5, 25 mM potassium acetate, 2 mM MgCl 2, 0.1% (w/v) bovine serum albumin (BSA), 0.375 mM NADH (Sigma, N8129), 0.7 mM phosphoenolpyruvate tricyclohexylammonium salt (Sigma, P7252), 6 U/ml pyruvate kinase, and 30 U/ml lactate dehydrogenase (both from Sigma, P0294) at 37°C. 10 mM maltotriose (Sigma, M8378) were used as an acceptor.

2015 September 15, “The Role of Cysteine Residues in Redox Regulation and Protein Stability of Arabidopsis thaliana Starch Synthase 1”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry, especially in combination) The cation formed by replacing three hydrogen atoms of an ammonium cation with cyclohexyl groups


aureonitol

Here, we investigated the anti-influenza activity of a fungi-derived natural product, aureonitol.

2015 October 14, “Aureonitol, a Fungi-Derived Tetrahydrofuran, Inhibits Influenza Replication by Targeting Its Surface Glycoprotein Hemagglutinin”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A fungi-derived tetrahydrofuran.


prochloraz

(organic chemistry) A broad-spectrum imidazole fungicide widely used in gardening and agriculture.


elisidepsin

Here we show that, in sensitive HCT-116 colorectal cells, all these effects are consequence of the interaction of elisidepsin with glycosylceramides in the cell membrane.

2015 October 17, “Elisidepsin Interacts Directly with Glycosylceramides in the Plasma Membrane of Tumor Cells to Induce Necrotic Cell Death”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A particular kahalalide of marine origin.


melianone

(organic chemistry) A tetracyclic triterpene found in Melia species.


aspartidyl

However, the phosphorylation of RsbK Δrec -Flag or REC-Flag was hardly detectable in all conditions presumably due to the short half-life of histidyl and aspartidyl phosphate (data not shown).

2015 September 18, “Methylatable Signaling Helix Coordinated Inhibitory Receiver Domain in Sensor Kinase Modulates Environmental Stress Response in Bacillus Cereus”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry, especially in combination) A univalent radical formed from aspartic acid by removal of a hydrogen atom from the amino group


benzamidoxime

Western blot analysis of the mitochondrial fractions isolated from the rat livers as well as the analysis of mARC2 dependent reduction of benzamidoxime to benzamidine reveals that both the protein expression (Fig 3C, right panel) and the corresponding catalytic activity (Fig 3C, left panel) are decreased in the starved animals.

2015 September 18, “Expression and Function of mARC: Roles in Lipogenesis and Metabolic Activation of Ximelagatran”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The oxime formed from benzamide by replacing the C=O group with a C=N-OH group


decrosslinking

The samples were made 1% Triton X-100 and the size and amount of the fragments was assessed on an agarose gel after decrosslinking.

2015 September 18, “Statins Increase Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 Gene Transcription through a Pregnane X Receptor Regulated Element”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The removal of crosslinks


lysopine

On the other hand, since not only L-arginine, but also L-ornithine and L-lysine inhibited activity, octopinic acid and/or lysopine, also found in crown gall tumor tissues [2 ], may be the active substrate(s) (Fig 1A ).

2015 September 19, “Characterization of Flavin-Containing Opine Dehydrogenase from Bacteria”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) An amino acid, carboxyethyl-lysine, that is the lysine analogue of octopine


BHB

(organic chemistry) Initialism of beta-hydroxybutyrate.


warburganal

(organic chemistry) A bicyclic sesquiterpenoid responsible for the pungent taste of the water pepper.


polygodial

(organic chemistry) A bicyclic sesquiterpenoid found in the water pepper.


ivain

(organic chemistry) A bitter substance found in Achillea erba-rotta subsp. moschata.


rocaglamide

(organic chemistry) A particular flavagline.


flavagline

Not only are flavaglines specifically toxic to cancer cells, but they also promote the survival of neurons, T lymphocytes, and cardiomyocytes under conditions of adverse effects of chemotherapeutic agents: cisplatin, etoposide, and doxorubicin respectively [4 –6 ].

2015 November 5, “FL3, a Synthetic Flavagline and Ligand of Prohibitins, Protects Cardiomyocytes via STAT3 from Doxorubicin Toxicity”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any of a family of natural products found in plants of the genus Aglaia, and characterized by a cyclopenta[b]benzofuran skeleton.


smitilbin

(organic chemistry) A particular flavanonol found in sarsaparilla.


daturic acid

Datura stramonium
Datura stramonium#Translingual

(organic chemistry, dated) An organic compound with chemical formula C₁₇H₃₄O₂, isolated from Datura stramonium.


ciceritol

(organic chemistry) A particular cyclitol, a pinitol digalactoside that can be isolated from the seeds of the chickpea, lentil, and white lupin.


pinitol

pinitol (countable and uncountable, plural pinitols)

Galactosylononitol and galactosyl pinitol A could also substitute for galactinol in the synthesis of stachyose from raffinose (Peterbaur and Richter, 1998; Hoch et al, 1999; Fig. 5.2, equations 10 and 11).

2001, Ryszard J. Górecki, “5: Seed Physiology and Biochemistry”, in C. L. Hedley, editor, Carbohydrates in Grain Legume Seeds: Improving Nutritional Quality and Agronomic Characteristics, CABI Publishing, page 126:

The reader can once more appreciate the lack of suitable language to describe these design principles; the thought process that led to the enantiodivergent synthesis of pinitols was far less arduous than the attempts to verbalize it.

2007, Tomas Hudlicky, Josephine W. Reed, The Way of Synthesis: Evolution of Design and Methods for Natural Products, Wiley, page 149:

The use of B. spectabilis leaves as an antidiabetic led to the isolation of its hypoglycaemic principle, pinitol, from the leaves (Narayanan et al. 1987). Pinitol was determined to be a methyl ester of chiro-inositol and elucidated as 3-O-methyl1,2,4-cis-3,5,6-trans-hexahydroxycyclohexanol.

2014, T. K. Lim, Edible Medicinal and Non Medicinal Plants, Volume 8: Flowers, Springer, page 492:

(organic chemistry) A cyclitol with antidiabetic activity, first identified in the sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana).


erinacine

(organic chemistry) Any of various compounds isolated from Hericium erinaceum.


hericenone

(organic chemistry) Any of various isolates of Hericium erinaceum that promote nerve growth factor synthesis in vitro.


isopalmitate

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of isopalmitic acid


isopalmitic acid

(organic chemistry) Any isomer of palmitic acid, but especially "15-methyl pentadecanoic acid"


histolene

In brief, 4 μm sections of paraffin-embedded human liver tissue mounted on silane-coated glass slides were de-paraffinized in histolene and dehydrated in graded ethanol.

2015 September 22, “Effect of Immunosuppressive Agents on Hepatocyte Apoptosis Post-Liver Transplantation”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The monoterpene hydrocarbon "p-mentha-1,8-diene" used as a cytological clearing agent


tetraisopalmitate

The effects of US-mediated different-size (1.4, 2.1, and 3.5 μm) MBs (as a contrast agent) and ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate (VC-IP) on enhancing skin transdermal delivery were demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo.

2015 September 22, “Effects of Microbubble Size on Ultrasound-Induced Transdermal Delivery of High-Molecular-Weight Drugs”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any compound containing four isopalmitate groups


benadrostin

As illustrated in Fig 4B and 4C, respectively, the loss of an amide group was corroborated to m/z 152.035 for 2,3-dihydroxybenzamide as indicated by the fragment ion at m/z 109.03 [C 6 H 5 O 2 ] and m/z 178.015 for benadrostin that gave a fragment ion at m/z 137.02 [C 7 H 5 O 3 ].

2015 September 26, “Biodiversity, Anti-Trypanosomal Activity Screening, and Metabolomic Profiling of Actinomycetes Isolated from Mediterranean Sponges”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry, medicine) The compound 8-hydroxy-2H-1,3-benzoxazine-2,4(3H)-dione, which is an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase


fructosyl

(organic chemistry) The univalent radical derived from the hemiacetal form of fructose


tamanolide

(organic chemistry) Any of a group of polycyclic pyranocoumarins found in tamanol


thiopyridone

thiopyridone (countable and uncountable, plural thiopyridones)

Thiopropyl Sepharose™ 6B (GE Healthcare) has been used widely over several decades to reversibly bind biological molecules containing the sulfhydryl groups—the 2-thiopyridyl disulphide group of the sepharose matrix reacts with a molecule containing a free thiol to form a mixed disulfide; during the reaction thiopyridone is formed while the bound target molecule is released by addition of a reducing agent.

2015 September 26, “C-STrap Sample Preparation Method— In-Situ Cysteinyl Peptide Capture for Bottom-Up Proteomics Analysis in the STrap Format”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A derivative of a pyridone in which the carbonyl oxygen atom is substituted by one of sulfur


capistratone

It, however, differs in its secondary chemistry, containing aotearone but lacking capistratone or lacking xanthones altogether (specimen 5).

2015 September 29, “A Molecular Phylogeny of the Lichen Genus Lecidella Focusing on Species from Mainland China”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The xanthone 2,5,7-trichloro-3-O-methylnorlichexanthone


tuberculostearic acid

From the name of the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, from which it was first isolated in 1927, and stearic acid.

saturated fatty acid
saturated fatty acid

(organic chemistry) A saturated fatty acid, 10-methyloctadecanoic acid, produced by Actinomycetales bacteria.


parthenin

(organic chemistry) A toxic substance in the flowering plant Parthenium hysterophorus, causing dermatitis and respiratory malfunction in humans, and is toxic to other plants.


isosaccharinic acid

(organic chemistry) A six-carbon sugar acid formed by the action of calcium hydroxide on lactose and other carbohydrates.


isorabaichromone

Yagi et al. reported that isorabaichromone, a chromone components from Aloe vera, showed antioxidative activity against microsomal and mitochondrial non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation.

2015 December 5, “Aloin Protects Skin Fibroblasts from Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress Damage by Regulating the Oxidative Defense System”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A particular chromone found in the leaves of aloe vera.


norharman

norharman (countable and uncountable, plural norharmans)

A possible new metabolic pathway was recently demonstrated through oxidation into bioactive compounds such as harman and norharman by heme peroxidases [75 ].

2015 October 1, “Acute Biphasic Effects of Ayahuasca”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The aromatic heterocycle 9H-pyrido[3,4-B]indole


gentisate

From gentisic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

Seventy-three oxygenases/hydroxylases amongst the 134 annotated genes are predicted to catalyze the oxidation of organic compounds with industrial and environmental relevance, such as linear alkanes, cyclic ketones, aromatic compounds (e.g., benzoate, catechol, gentisate, salicylate), aminopolycarboxylic acids, nitroalkanes, and phenylalkanoic acids.

2015 October 2, “Genome and Phenotype Microarray Analyses of Rhodococcus sp. BCP1 and Rhodococcus opacus R7: Genetic Determinants and Metabolic Abilities with Environmental Relevance”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate (any salt of ester of gentisic acid)


chlorobenzaldehyde

The combination of an aniline with a chlorobenzaldehyde, which are both electron-deficient, led to a further reduction in yield (Fig 9, entries 7–8).

2015 October 2, “Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of 2,5-Diketopiperazines as Inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 Interaction”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any derivative of benzaldehyde in which one or more hydrogen atoms in the ring have been replaced by chlorine


secoisolariciresinol

(organic chemistry) A particular lignan.


pentiophenone

(organic chemistry) The ketone C₆H₅-CO-(CH₂)₃-CH₃; butyl phenyl ketone


pyrrolidinopentiophenone

(organic chemistry) Any pyrrolidine derivative of pentiophenone, but especially the α- isomer which is the synthetic stimulant flikka


negundoside

Vitex negundo
Vitex negundo#Translingual

(organic chemistry) An iridoid glucoside isolated from Vitex negundo.


catalpol

(organic chemistry) An iridoid glucoside first found in plants in the genus Catalpa.


swertiamarin

(organic chemistry) A particular organic compound found in plants of the genus Swertia.


spicataside

(organic chemistry) A particular biflavonoid.


hinokiflavone

(organic chemistry) A cytotoxic biflavonoid found in hinoki and other plants.


ixoroside

(organic chemistry) A particular iridoid glycoside.


morelloflavone

(organic chemistry) A particular biflavonoid found in the tropical fruit tree Garcinia dulcis.


succedaneaflavanone

(organic chemistry) A particular biflavonoid found in the plant Rhus succedanea.


rhusflavone

(organic chemistry) A particular biflavonoid found in Rhus species.


lophirone

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of biflavonoids found in Lophira species.


decoyinine

Although induction of the SAD67 variant resulted in expression of early sporulation genes, it was not sufficient to induce efficient sporulation under nutrient replete conditions unless the cells were also treated with decoyinine to cause a rapid drop in GTP levels or allowed to enter stationary phase.

2015 December 12, “A Secreted Factor Coordinates Environmental Quality with Bacillus Development”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) An adenine hexoside found in Streptomyces hygroscopicus var. decoyicus bacteria.


agnuside

Vitex agnus-castus
Vitex agnus-castus#Translingual

(organic chemistry) An organic compound found in Vitex agnus-castus; the ester of aucubin and p-hydroxybenzoic acid.


cupressuflavone

Procyanidin A2, procyanidin B1, and cupressuflavone were obtained from Extrasynthese (Genay, France).

2015 December 12, “Cinnamtannin B-1 Promotes Migration of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Accelerates Wound Healing in Mice”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A particular biflavonoid found in Cupressus species.


ochnaflavone

(organic chemistry) A particular biflavonoid found in the plant Ochna squarrosa.


aucubin

(organic chemistry) An iridoid glycoside found in asterids such as Aucuba japonica.


cinnamtannin

(organic chemistry) Any of a group of procyanidins found in Cinnamomum species.


amarogentin

From Latin amarus (“bitter”), gentian, + -in.

Gentiana lutea
Gentiana lutea#Translingual

(organic chemistry) A bitter secoiridoid glycoside found in gentian (Gentiana lutea) and in chiretta (Swertia chirata).


geniposidic acid

The eleventh step is conversion of deoxygeniposidic acid to geniposidic acid, which involves hydroxylation reaction.

2015 December 12, “NGS Transcriptomes and Enzyme Inhibitors Unravel Complexity of Picrosides Biosynthesis in Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex. Benth”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

Gardenia jasminoides
Gardenia jasminoides#Translingual

(organic chemistry) An iridoid glucoside found in various plants including Eucommia ulmoides and Gardenia jasminoides.


boschnaloside

The eighth step in the pathway is conversion of boschnaloside to 8-epideoxy loganic acid which involves hydroxylation/oxidation reaction.

(organic chemistry) A particular glycoside.


ginkgetin

(organic chemistry) A particular biflavonoid found in the ginkgo plant.


genipin

(organic chemistry) An aglycone found in gardenia fruit extract, derived from geniposide.


flutemetamol

A 30-minute acquisition was started 40-minutes post-injection of PiB, a 20-minute acquisition was performed 50-minutes post-injection of florbetapir and 90-minutes post-injection of flutemetamol.

2015 October 3, “Amyloid-Related Memory Decline in Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease Is Dependent on APOE ε4 and Is Detectable over 18-Months”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The aromatic fluorine compound 2-[3-fluoro-4-(methylamino)phenyl]-1,3-benzothiazol-6-ol which is sometimes used as a radiopharmaceutical


selenocompound

(organic chemistry) Any organometallic compound of selenium


paerucumarin

From P. aeruginosa, the organism from which it was obtained.

In addition, PASS2 also lacks genes for the production of paerucumarin (PA2254-PA2257), chitinase (PA2300), and AMB toxin (PA2302-PA2306).

2015 October 3, “Genetically and Phenotypically Distinct Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cystic Fibrosis Isolates Share a Core Proteomic Signature”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) An isonitrile derivative of coumarin


dianthramide

DHavnD and dianthramide B were obtained from Enamine Ltd (Monmouth Jct., NJ) and Sigma-Aldrich (Saint-Louis, MO), respectively.

2015 October 3, “Precursor-Directed Combinatorial Biosynthesis of Cinnamoyl, Dihydrocinnamoyl, and Benzoyl Anthranilates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of aromatic amide found in plants of the genus Dianthus.


vestitol

(organic chemistry) A particular isoflavonoid found in Brazilian red propolis.


bunnyball

From bunny + ball, because of its twin "ears" of butylpyridine when viewed under microscopy; modelled on buckyball.

(organic chemistry) An osmylated C₆₀ molecule.


isomalabaricane

(organic chemistry) A malabaricane whose three carbon rings are connected in trans-syn-trans conformation.


longipedlactone

Longipedlactone L [23 ] was isolated from Kadsura ananosma and longipedlactone H [24 ] from Kadsura longipedunculata as described.

2015 October 7, “A Group of ent -Kaurane Diterpenoids Inhibit Hedgehog Signaling and Induce Cilia Elongation”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any of a particular class of polycyclic cytotoxic triterpenoid lactones


kamebakaurin

Given that kamebakaurin has been reported to inhibit the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway [30 ], we tested whether established NF-κB inhibitors, AZ-TAK1 [31 ] and 5Z-7-Oxoeaneol [32 ], could repress Hh signaling.

(organic chemistry) A particular diterpenoid, derived from kaurane, that has physiological action


novain

(organic chemistry, obsolete) A toxic compound obtained from extract of meat.


phenetole

phenetole (countable and uncountable, plural phenetoles)


methyl mercaptan

(organic chemistry) The mercaptan analogue of methyl alcohol; i.e. the compound CH₃SHl used to impart an odor to natural gas.


pelletierine

From Pelletier + -ine, after Bertrand Pelletier, French chemist.

(organic chemistry) An alkaloid obtained from pomegranate bark and used as a taenifuge.


DHP

DHP calcium channel blockers include amlodipine and nifedipine.

(organic chemistry) Initialism of dihydropyridine.


amorfrutin

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of isoprenoid-substituted benzoic acid derivatives found in Amorpha fruticosa.


tirandamycin

(organic chemistry) Any of a group of natural products that contain a bicyclic ketal system and a tetramic acid moiety. Some have antiparasitic, antifungal, and other properties.


xanthochymol

Different studies point to xanthochymol and formononetin as showing activity against tumoral cells.

2016 January 9, “Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Extracts Obtained by Supercritical Extraction and Ethanolic Extraction of Brown, Green and Red Propolis Derived from Different Geographic Regions in Brazil”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) An antibacterial compound found in Garcinia xanthochymus.


santalol

(organic chemistry) Either of a pair of sesquiterpenes found in sandalwood.


scotophobin

(organic chemistry) A supposed biochemical once thought to be responsible for maintaining an induced fear of the dark in the brains of rats.


formamidinium

(attributive, organic chemistry) A kind of cation with the chemical formula [R₂N-CH=NR₂]⁺.


puupehenone

Named after Puu Pehe, a famous rock in Hawaii, + -one.

(organic chemistry) Any of a family of marine sponge metabolites isolated mainly from the orders Verongida and Dictyoceratida.


threonic acid

(organic chemistry) A sugar acid, derived from threose, whose L-isomer is a metabolite of ascorbic acid.


zaragozic acid

Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Saccharomyces cerevisiae#Translingual

(organic chemistry) Any of a family of natural products from fungi that are potent inhibitors of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


ximenynic acid

(organic chemistry) An organic compound obtained from Santalum species.


hydroximate

(organic chemistry) A cyclic compound, similar to a lactone, derived from an oxime


thiohydroximate

(organic chemistry) A thio- derivative of a hydroximate


naphthopyrone

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of compounds having a structure consisting of a pyrone ring fused to that of naphthalene


meliacinolin

Recently, the tetranortriterpenoid meliacinolin and azadirachtolide isolated from A.

2015 October 16, “Gedunin and Azadiradione: Human Pancreatic Alpha-Amylase Inhibiting Limonoids from Neem (Azadirachta indica) as Anti-Diabetic Agents”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A triterpenoid derivative that inhibits glucosidase and amylase activity and is used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.


imidazothiadiazole

The benzyl imidazothiadiazole moiety adopts a chair conformation with puckering parameters Q = 0.622(4) Å and φ = 201(19)° [31 ] and the maximum deviation found on the puckered atom at C14 is 0.255(3) Å.

2015 October 16, “A Nano-MgO and Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed ‘Green’ Synthesis Protocol for the Development of Adamantyl-Imidazolo-Thiadiazoles as Anti-Tuberculosis Agents Targeting Sterol 14α-Demethylase (CYP51)”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of bicyclic heterocycles consisting of a diazole ring fused to one of thiadiazole


pseudopeptide

An alternative route for the preparation of monomer 5, in which the pseudopeptide intermediate is obtained by reductive N-alkylation, was outlined previously [13 ].

2015 October 16, “Polyanionic Carboxyethyl Peptide Nucleic Acids ( ce -PNAs): Synthesis and DNA Binding”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) An amide of an amino acid that does not occur in natural peptides or proteins, especially one introduced into a polypeptide chain


tetranortriterpenoid

(organic chemistry) Any derivative of a triterpenoid formed by removal of four methylene groups.


transchalcone

In a docking study between transchalcone and PPA, Trp 59 and Tyr 62 were reported to be the important aromatic amino acid residues in pi-pi interactions involving the two aromatic rings of ligand and side chain [54 ].

(organic chemistry) The trans isomer of a chalcone


DMAB

(organic chemistry) Initialism of dimethylaminobenzaldehyde.


kulonic acid

(organic chemistry) The polycyclic compound (2R)-2-[(5R,9R,10R,13S,14S,16S,17S)-16-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-3-oxo-1,2,5,6,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-6-methylhept-5-enoic acid


lupene

(organic chemistry) A pentacyclic triterpenoid 3a-(hydroxymethyl)-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene-4,9-diol


cytidylyl

(organic chemistry, especially in combination) The univalent radical derived from cytidylate


echioidinin

In all the experiments described herein echioidinin and 7-O-methywogonin was added 24 h after the culture.

2015 October 22, “In Vitro Production of Echioidinin, 7- O -Methywogonin from Callus Cultures of Andrographis lineata and Their Cytotoxicity on Cancer Cells”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The chromene derivative 5-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxychromen-4-one


tyrindoxyl

Enzymes such as sulphur transferase and sulphur reductase may be involved in contributing the methane thiol group on the indole ring of tyrindoxyl sulfate.

2015 October 22, “Characterization of Bacterial Communities Associated with the Tyrian Purple Producing Gland in a Marine Gastropod”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry, especially in combination) A univalent radical derived from Tyrian purple


tyrindoleninone

Specifically, the female glands were found to contain higher amounts of reduced methanethiol derivatised indoles, such as tyrindoleninone and tyriverdin, whereas males contained more oxidised end-products 6-bromoisatin and 6,6’dibromoindirubin [1 ].

(organic chemistry) A brominated indole, obtained from a gastropod of species Dicathais, that induces apoptosis in some cancer cells.


hypercondensation

hypercondensation (countable and uncountable, plural hypercondensations)

condensation reaction
condensation reaction

(organic chemistry) A class of condensation reaction involving reaction of a carbonyl group with a methylene group to form an alkene with the loss of the elements of water (>C=O + CH₂< -> >C=C<)


limocitrin

(organic chemistry) A particular flavonol found in citrus peels.


chrysanthemin

(organic chemistry) An anthocyanin, the 3-glucoside of cyanidin, found in various plants and fruits including peaches and lychees.


kryptogenin

Trillium erectum
Trillium erectum#Translingual

(organic chemistry) A sapogenin found in Trillium erectum.


neoruscogenin

(organic chemistry) A chemical compound found in the rhizome of butcher's broom.


monodesmosidic

Saponins with a single sugar chain are referred to as monodesmosidic.

1996, Gary Stacey, Plant-microbe interactions, volume 2, page 101:

(organic chemistry) Pertaining to a saponin with a single sugar chain.


bisdesmosidic

As a result of further studies, ester triterpenoid saponosides with a bisdesmosidic structure were isolated from S.virgaurea.

2013, Y.P.S. Bajaj, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants XI, page 391:

(organic chemistry) Pertaining to a saponin with two sugar chains.


honyucitrin

Citrus maxima
Citrus maxima#Translingual

(organic chemistry) A flavone isolated from the rootbark of Citrus maxima.


honyudisin

(organic chemistry) A coumarin isolated from the rootbark of Citrus grandis syn. Citrus maxima.


clausarin

(organic chemistry) A coumarin isolated from the roots of Clausena pentaphylla.


sitosterolin

(organic chemistry) The glucoside of sitosterol.


spinasterol

(organic chemistry) A phytosterol found in a variety of plant sources including spinach.


morroniside

(organic chemistry) A glycoside isolated from Lonicera morrowii.


sweroside

(organic chemistry) A secoiridoid glycoside found in the centaury Centaurium erythraea.


loganin

(organic chemistry) An iridoid glycoside first isolated from the plant family Loganiaceae, and formed from loganic acid by the enzyme loganic acid O-methyltransferase (LAMT).


loganic acid

(organic chemistry) An iridoid synthesized from 7-deoxyloganic acid by the enzyme 7-deoxyloganic acid hydroxylase (7-DLH); it is a substrate for the enzyme loganate O-methyltransferase for the production of loganin.


glycosamide

(organic chemistry) Any amide derived from glycosamine


imidazolone

imidazolone (countable and uncountable, plural imidazolones)

(organic chemistry) A cyclic ketone derived from imidazole


hydroimidazolone

hydroimidazolone (countable and uncountable, plural hydroimidazolones)

(organic chemistry) A partially hydrogenated form of imidazolone; any derivative of this compound


lactoglyceride

(organic chemistry) Any glyceride (glycerol ester) of lactic acid


macrolactonization

macrolactonization (countable and uncountable, plural macrolactonizations)

(organic chemistry) The formation of a macrolactone.


phosphosphingolipid

(organic chemistry) Any sphingolipid, such as sphingomyelin, that contains a phosphoryl grop


polyazo

(organic chemistry) Containing multiple azo groups


organoselenide

(organic chemistry) Any organic selenide (R-Se-H or R-Se-R)


polyenyne

(organic chemistry) A polymer formed from enyne components


preskimmiane

(organic chemistry) A particular acridone alkaloid.


tokorogenin

(organic chemistry) A hydroxylated sapogenin found in Dioscorea tokoro.


kogagenin

(organic chemistry) A sapogenin found in Dioscorea tokoro.


waglerin

(organic chemistry) Any of a group of peptides found in the venom of the snake Tropidolaemus wagleri.


glycitein

Isoflavone glycosides and soyasaponins originating from the soybean were decreased, whereas their aglycones such as daidzein, glycitein, and genistein were increased.

2016 February 6, “Comparison of Metabolites Variation and Antiobesity Effects of Fermented versus Nonfermented Mixtures of Cudrania tricuspidata, Lonicera caerulea, and Soybean According to Fermentation In Vitro and In Vivo”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) An O-methylated isoflavone and phytoestrogen with weak estrogenic activity.


harpagide

(organic chemistry) An iridoid found in the fruits of Clerodendrum colebrokianum.


melittoside

(organic chemistry) An iridoid found in the leaves and fruits of Clerodendrum colebrokianum.


homopiperonylamine

(organic chemistry) 3,4-methylenedioxyphenethylamine, a substituted phenethylamine formed by adding a methylenedioxy group to phenethylamine.


glycoinositol

Since Leishmania proteoglycolipids [49 ] and glycoinositol phospholipids [50 ] are stimulators of macrophage TLR4, and that L.

2015 October 30, “Distinct Macrophage Fates after in vitro Infection with Different Species of Leishmania : Induction of Apoptosis by Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, but Not by Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry, in combination) inositol and another carbohydrate (typically as part of a phospholipid)


acetohydroxy acid

acetohydroxy acid (plural acetohydroxy acids)

(organic chemistry) An acetylated derivative of a hydroxy acid, such as acetolactic acid


antroquinonol

antroquinonol (countable and uncountable, plural antroquinonols)

From Antrodia, a plant genus from which it is isolated.

This study attempts to determine the effect of synthesized antroquinonol on the modulation of FAK signaling pathways and explore their underlying mechanisms.

2015 October 31, “Antroquinonol Targets FAK-Signaling Pathway Suppressed Cell Migration, Invasion, and Tumor Growth of C6 Glioma”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A substituted cyclohexenone that has some cytotoxic activity


agatharesinol

(organic chemistry) A particular norlignan found in heartwood


norlignan

(organic chemistry) Any of a group of plant metabolites based on diphenylpentane


hydroxidanaidal

Furthermore, male moths biosynthesized the sex pheromone hydroxidanaidal from PAs and passed on PAs to females as a nuptial gift; in turn, females endowed their eggs with this defense.

2015 October 31, “Feeding on Host Plants with Different Concentrations and Structures of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids Impacts the Chemical-Defense Effectiveness of a Specialist Herbivore”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A particular male sex hormone that is the main component of the arctiid moth pheromone.


hinokiresinol

CB1R reporter gene assay and forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation assay in CHO-hCB2R cells demonstrated that administration with each hinokiresinol results in antagonism for CB1R and CB2R with IC 50 values in micromolar ranges (Fig 1B).

2015 October 31, “Non-Selective Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists, Hinokiresinols Reduce Infiltration of Microglia/Macrophages into Ischemic Brain Lesions in Rat via Modulating 2-Arachidonolyglycerol-Induced Migration and Mitochondrial Activity”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any of a group of compounds derived from agatharesinol by the addition of a vinyl sidechain.


creatonotine

creatonotine (countable and uncountable, plural creatonotines)

An N-oxide mixture of creatonotine B:iso-creatonotine B, in a similar concentration to those found in U.

(organic chemistry) Any of a specific family of semiochemicals (esters of retronecine) produced by arctiid moths


nicotianamine

nicotianamine (countable and uncountable, plural nicotianamines)

(organic chemistry) An enzyme inhibitor N-(N-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)azetidine-2-carboxylic acid or its derivatives


monoglutamate

Most upstream in the nicotianamine biosynthetic pathway, glutamate carboxypeptidase 2 (AMP1) releases folate monoglutamate from folate polyglutamate [49 ].

2015 November 5, “Deciphering Mineral Homeostasis in Barley Seed Transfer Cells at Transcriptional Level”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of glutamic acid that has a single glutamate residue


TNB

(organic chemistry) Initialism of trinitrobenzene.


cholenate

Glycocholenate sulfate, on the other hand, is possibly synthesized from glycine-amidation and sulfation of 3-beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid (also known as cholenate).

2015 November 7, “Metabolomics and Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation in African Americans: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of cholenoic acid


anilinohydroquinone

Nitrogen-15 NMR detection of ketones via their oxime derivatives and quinones via their anilinohydroquinone adducts overcomes this problem.

2015 November 11, “Probing the Carbonyl Functionality of a Petroleum Resin and Asphaltene through Oximation and Schiff Base Formation in Conjunction with N-15 NMR”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) An adduct of aniline and a hydroquinone


brenzcatechin

In general, compounds having a brenzcatechin moiety were found to be active, but also cytotoxic against host cells due to oxidation and formation of a highly reactive Michael system, whereas analogue compounds without the 3,4-dihydroxy substitution at the phenyl ring (e.g. compound 1 ) were still active but less toxic.

2015 November 11, “Cinnamic Acid Bornyl Ester Derivatives from Valeriana wallichii Exhibit Antileishmanial In Vivo Activity in Leishmania major -Infected BALB/c Mice”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


triepoxide

As one kind of triepoxide lactone, triptolide (TP) is the major active compound in TWHF [30 ], which has been shown to have a broad spectrum of biological profiles including anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, anti-fertility, anti-tumor activity, neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects [26 ].

2015 November 11, “Triptolide Inhibited Cytotoxicity of Differentiated PC12 Cells Induced by Amyloid-Beta 25–35 via the Autophagy Pathway”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any compound that has three epoxide rings


coutaric acid

Blend of coumaric acid + tartaric acid, since it is an ester formed from those two compounds.

hydroxycinnamoyltartaric acid
hydroxycinnamoyltartaric acid

(organic chemistry) A hydroxycinnamoyltartaric acid found in wine, pomace, and grape.


glabrene

(organic chemistry) An isoflavene and xenoestrogen found in liquorice root.


fertaric acid

Blend of ferulic acid + tartaric acid, since it is an ester formed from those two compounds.

hydroxycinnamic acid
hydroxycinnamic acid

(organic chemistry) A hydroxycinnamic acid found in wine and grape.


thearubigin

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of polymeric polyphenols formed during the enzymatic oxidation and condensation of gallocatechins during the fermentation reactions in black tea.


indicaxanthin

(organic chemistry) A certain pigment found in beets.


vulgaxanthin

From Beta vulgaris, taxonomic name for the beet.

(organic chemistry) Any of a group of betaxanthins found in red beets, Swiss chard, etc.


laxiflorane

(organic chemistry) An isoflavane found in Lonchocarpus laxiflorus.


gallotannin

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of polymers formed when gallic acid esterifies and binds with the hydroxyl group of a polyol carbohydrate such as glucose.


chavicine

(organic chemistry) An alkaloid found in Piper species such as black pepper; one of the four diastereomeric geometric isomers of piperine.


thujopsene

thujopsene (countable and uncountable, plural thujopsenes)

(organic chemistry) A sesquiterpene with the molecular formula C₁₅H₂₄, found in the essential oils of a variety of conifers, in particular Juniperus cedrus and Thujopsis dolabrata.


oleylamine

Oleic acid and oleylamine were then injected into the mixture, which was then heated to 200°C for 2 h, heated to 350°C for 1.5 h, cooled to room temperature, treated with acetone to precipitate MnMEIO nanoparticles, centrifuged (12,000 rpm) to remove solvent and unreacted reagents, and redispersed in chloroform to yield MnMEIO nanoparticles.

2016 February 18, “Development of Bifunctional Gadolinium-Labeled Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles (Gd-MnMEIO) for In Vivo MR Imaging of the Liver in an Animal Model”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) An unsaturated fatty amine with the chemical formula C₁₈H₃₅NH₂, used as a surfactant and in the synthesis of nanoparticles.


byakangelicin

These compounds include imperatorin, heraclenin, and heraclenol from the xanthotoxin cluster and cnidicin, phellopterin, byakangelicol, and byakangelicin from the isopimpinellin cluster.

2015 November 12, “The Distribution of Coumarins and Furanocoumarins in Citrus Species Closely Matches Citrus Phylogeny and Reflects the Organization of Biosynthetic Pathways”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The coumarin 9-[(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutoxy]-4-methoxyfuro[3,2-g]chromen-7-one, an aldose reductase inhibitor.


cicloxilic acid

(organic chemistry) The carboxylic acid cis-2-hydroxy-2-phenylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid that is used to combat liver damage


cicloxilic

Compounds that remain of potential interest because their scores were above either R-naproxen or R-ketorolac and include cilomilast, R-flunoxaprofen, tiagabine, levocabastine, methallenestril, mitiglinide, cicloxilic acid, ecabet, S-ibuprofen, R-ibuprofen and S-naproxen.

2015 November 12, “Novel Activities of Select NSAID R-Enantiomers against Rac1 and Cdc42 GTPases”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Relating to cicloxilic acid or its derivatives


cnidicin

Only 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin, 8-geranyloxypsoralen, byakangelicin and cnidicin had higher limit values.

(organic chemistry) A coumarin, 4,9-bis[(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)oxy]-7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one, extracted from the root of Angelica koreana


cnidilin

Group III also contains cnidilin, a double DMAPP-derivative of isopimpinellin, and 8-geranyloxypsoralen.

(organic chemistry) A coumarin, 9-methoxy-4-[(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)oxy]-7H-furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyran-7-one, that is a bioactive constituent of Angelicae dahuricae


heraclenol

In contrast, citrons, lemons and limes are characterized by their peel content in limettin and in dimethylallylated furanocoumarins from the xanthotoxin cluster (imperatorin, heraclenin and heraclenol) and from the isopimpinellin cluster (phellopterin, byakangelicol and byakangelicin) (Fig 7B ).

(organic chemistry) The coumarin derivative 9-(2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutoxy)furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one found in some citrus plants


monoiodoacetate

Dithiothreitol and monoiodoacetate were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA).

2015 November 12, “Change in N -Glycosylation of Plasma Proteins in Japanese Semisupercentenarians”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any compound containing a single iodoacetate group or anion


isorenieratane

isorenieratane (countable and uncountable, plural isorenieratanes)

Episodically, however, the environment witnessed dysoxia and anoxia on the sea-floor and even euxinia in the water column above, as documented by such specific biomarkers as aryl isoprenoids, isorenieratane and gammacerane [51 ].

2015 November 12, “First Record of Soft Tissue Preservation in the Upper Devonian of Poland”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The aromatic carotenoid 1,2,4-trimethyl-3-[3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexyl)octadecyl]benzene


calythropsin

RAW264.7 macrophages treated with 19 different chalcones (15 α-X-TMCs, chalcone, 2’-hydroxychalcone, calythropsin and 2’-hydroxy-3,4,4’-trimethoxychalcone) prior to staurosporine treatment were analyzed for apoptosis and ROS production, as well as HO-1 protein expression and enzyme activity.

2015 November 14, “The Cytoprotective Effects of E -α-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2’,3,4,4'-Tetramethoxychalcone ( E -α- p -OMe-C 6 H 4 -TMC)—A Novel and Non-Cytotoxic HO-1 Inducer”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The cytotoxic chalcone (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one


ketomethylenamine

Successively, the bromomethylketone of Fmoc-leucine reacted with the free amine group of I to give the ketomethylenamine II, which, after the protection on the amine function with Boc, was reduced with NaBH 4 in an epimeric mixture of the HEA analogues (compound III in S1 Fig).

2015 November 14, “Picomolar Inhibition of Plasmepsin V, an Essential Malaria Protease, Achieved Exploiting the Prime Region”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any enamine containing a methyl and a ketonic carbonyl group.


pyrrolopyridine

pyrrolopyridine (countable and uncountable, plural pyrrolopyridines)

A preliminary validation of the computational protocol was performed by reproducing the experimentally determined binding mode of the pyrrolopyridine inhibitor found in the crystal structure 3QK5, which showed the reliability of the procedure not only to reproduce the ligand binding, but also the position of key water molecules within the active site.

2015 November 14, “Interaction of the N -(3-Methylpyridin-2-yl)amide Derivatives of Flurbiprofen and Ibuprofen with FAAH: Enantiomeric Selectivity and Binding Mode”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any heterobicyclic compound containing fused pyrrole and pyridine rings


monosulfuron

Additionally, with increasing monosulfuron concentrations, grain content of fat decreases while starch and amino acid contents increase in foxtail millet [20 ].

2015 November 14, “Grain Yield and Quality of Foxtail Millet ( Setaria italica L.) in Response to Tribenuron-Methyl”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The herbicide 2-[(4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)carbamoylsulfamoyl]benzoic acid


lactucaxanthin

Interestingly, the concentrations of all main flavonoid glycosides, caffeic acid derivatives, and sucrose increased with decreasing nitrogen concentration, whereas those of chlorophylls, β-carotene, neoxanthin, lactucaxanthin, all trans- and cis-violaxanthin decreased.

2015 November 17, “Nitrogen Limited Red and Green Leaf Lettuce Accumulate Flavonoid Glycosides, Caffeic Acid Derivatives, and Sucrose while Losing Chlorophylls, Β-Carotene and Xanthophylls”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) A hydroxylated carotenoid found in plants of the genus Lactuca.


guanylic

guanosine monophosphate
guanosine monophosphate

(organic chemistry) Relating to guanylic acid (guanosine monophosphate) or its derivatives.


calmidazolium

In contrast, LaCl 3 and calmidazolium markedly suppressed the GA-induced increase in NADPH oxidase activity.

2015 November 19, “A Role for Reactive Oxygen Species Produced by NADPH Oxidases in the Embryo and Aleurone Cells in Barley Seed Germination”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The chloroaromatic imidazolium 1-[bis(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-[2,4-dichloro-β-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)phenethyl]imidazolium that blocks calcium channels in smooth muscle cells


eleostearic

Enzymes from the DGAT2 family are major actors in various plants accumulating unusual fatty acids (FAs), such as eleostearic acid in Tung tree (Vernicia fordii) [11 ] or ricinoleic acid in Castor bean (Ricinus communis) [21 ].

2015 November 19, “Molecular Characterization of the Elaeis guineensis Medium-Chain Fatty Acid Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase DGAT1-1 by Heterologous Expression in Yarrowia lipolytica”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Relating to an eleostearic acid or its derivatives


eleostearic acid

eleostearic acid (countable and uncountable, plural eleostearic acids)

octadecatrienoic acid
octadecatrienoic acid

(organic chemistry) Either of two isomers of octadecatrienoic acid.


galacturonosyl

galacturonosyl (countable and uncountable, plural galacturonosyls)

One gene was annotated as the galacturonosyl transferase-like 10 gene, which was down-regulated at 1 DPA and 3 DPA and has been located to position 8.13–8.14 Mb of chromosome 22 (S13 Table ).

2015 November 25, “Transcriptome Analysis of Short Fiber Mutant Ligon lintless-1 (Li 1 ) Reveals Critical Genes and Key Pathways in Cotton Fiber Elongation and Leaf Development”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry, especially in compounds) A radical derived from galacturonic acid


monopalmitoyl

We have also shown that 16:0 MPPA and monopalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline are antimicrobial against a range of gram positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus spp [11 ].

2015 November 26, “Dual Action of Lysophosphatidate-Functionalised Titanium: Interactions with Human (MG63) Osteoblasts and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry, in combination) A single palmitoyl group in a compound


monododecyl

Phospholipids were obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids Inc. (Alabaster, AL, USA), while the detergents n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside (DDM) and n-decyl-β-D-maltoside (DM) were from GLYCON Biochemicals GmbH (Luckenwalde, Germany) and lauryldimethylamine-N-oxide (LDAO) and octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C 12 E 8 ) were from Anatrace (Maumee, USA).

2015 November 26, “A Versatile Strategy for Production of Membrane Proteins with Diverse Topologies: Application to Investigation of Bacterial Homologues of Human Divalent Metal Ion and Nucleoside Transporters”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry, in combination) A single dodecyl group in a compound


taurinomethyl

For example, alterations in the taurinomethyl modification of mitochondrial tRNA causes mitochondrial diseases [8 ].

2015 November 26, “Immuno-Northern Blotting: Detection of RNA Modifications by Using Antibodies against Modified Nucleosides”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry, especially in combination) A univalent radical formed by replacing a hydrogen atom of the amino group of taurine by a methylene group


transthiolation

transthiolation (usually uncountable, plural transthiolations)

E2 accepts thioester-linked ubiquitin from E1 to their own active-site cysteine via a transthiolation reaction.

2015 November 26, “Genome-Wide Identification, Phylogenetic and Expression Analyses of the Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme Gene Family in Maize”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Any reaction in which a thiol group is moved from one molecule to another


chloroformyl

(organic chemistry) A formyl group (-CO-H, also called aldehyde), in which the hydrogen is substituted by a chlorine atom (-CO-Cl).


chloroformyl-

(organic chemistry) molecule containing a chloroformyl group which consists of a formyl group (-CO-H, also called aldehyde), in which the hydrogen is substituted by a chlorine atom (-CO-Cl). Also called acyl chloride.


triacetone

At the detention hearing, Mr. Neff reiterated that Mr. Zazi had e-mailed himself bomb-making instructions and had been shopping for the components to make the explosives, triacetone triperoxide, or TATP, from beauty supply stores.

2009 September 26, William K. Rashbaum, “Terror Suspect Is Transferred to New York for Trial”, in New York Times:

(organic chemistry, in combination) Three acetone substituents in another compound.


propyl alcohol

(organic chemistry) Synonym of 1-propanol.


neokotalanol

Salacinol, kotalanol, neosalacinol, and neokotalanol are known to suppress blood glucose levels in glucose-loaded rats [5, 6 ].

2015 December 3, “Improvement in Human Immune Function with Changes in Intestinal Microbiota by Salacia reticulata Extract Ingestion: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) An isomer of kotalanol (2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-7-[(2R,3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)thiolan-1-ium-1-yl]heptane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol


dipyrenylpropane

dipyrenylpropane (countable and uncountable, plural dipyrenylpropanes)

Membrane fluidity in mitochondria was measured with the excimer forming probe dipyrenylpropane and mitochondrial function was measured with a Clark-type electrode.

2015 December 3, “Even a Chronic Mild Hyperglycemia Affects Membrane Fluidity and Lipoperoxidation in Placental Mitochondria in Wistar Rats”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 1,1'-(1,3-propanediyl)dipyrene which is an intramolecular excimer probe


tetracyanoquinodimethane

(organic chemistry) The cyanocarbon with the chemical formula (NC)₂CC₆H₄C(CN)₂.


glycerophosphatidic

The most common GP in mammalian cell membrane are glycerophosphatidic acids, glycerophosphocholines, glycerophosphoethanolamines, glycerophosphoinositols, glycerophosphoglycerols, glycerophosphoserines, and cardiolipins [29 ].

2015 December 4, “Lipid Fingerprinting in Mild versus Severe Forms of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(organic chemistry) Relating to, or derived from, a glycerophosphatide.


glycerophosphatide

(organic chemistry) Synonym of phosphoglyceride


fumiformamide

Recent isolation of new induced metabolites such as fumiformamide 1 [40 ] and 4”-hydroxysulfoxy-2, 2”-dimethylthielavin P [41 ] demonstrated that antagonistic microbial co-culture maybe useful for drug discovery.

2015 December 5, “Exploring the Antibacterial and Antifungal Potential of Jellyfish-Associated Marine Fungi by Cultivation-Dependent Approaches”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

Aspergillus fumigatus
Aspergillus fumigatus#Translingual

(organic chemistry) A sulfated-formyl xanthocillin analogue found in Aspergillus fumigatus.


symphorol

(organic chemistry, dated) Any salt of caffeine-sulfonic acid.


nitroglucose

(organic chemistry) A compound derived from glucose by the action of nitric acid and sulfuric acid, given as an arterial stimulant.