programming

programming (usually uncountable, plural programmings)

/ˈpɹəʊɡɹəmɪŋ/

/ˈpɹoʊɡɹæmɪŋ/

Together with this is the influence of an infinite number of neurotransmitters, neurohormones, environmental hazards, and accidental programmings.

2016, David R. Hawkins, The Eye of the I: From Which Nothing is Hidden, page 142:


psychosis

en-noun

psychosis (countable and uncountable, plural psychoses)

From psych- + -osis or from Ancient Greek ψύχωσις (psúkhōsis, “animation, principle of life”).

der

Manganism has been known about since the 19th century, when miners exposed to ores containing manganese[…]began to totter, slur their speech and behave like someone inebriated. The poisoning was irreversible, and soon ended in psychosis and death.

2014 April 21, “Subtle effects”, in The Economist, volume 411, number 8884:

(psychology) A severe mental disorder, sometimes with physical damage to the brain, marked by a deranged personality and a distorted view of reality.


orthopsychiatry

(psychiatry) branch of psychiatry concerned with the prevention of mental illness, especially in the young


primary reinforcement

en-noun

primary reinforcement (plural primary reinforcements)

(psychology) A consequence, such as food or water, that fulfills a primary, unlearned drive, such as hunger or thirst, and thereby reinforces a behavior without dependence on prior learning.


dissociate

en-verb

dissociate (third-person singular simple present dissociates, present participle dissociating, simple past and past participle dissociated)

dissociates (present singular third-person)
dissociating (participle present)
dissociated (participle past)
dissociated (past)

From Latin dissociō (“dissociate”) + -ate (verb-forming suffix), from dis- (“apart”) + sociō (“join”), from socius (“related, leagued”).

af

Gerald checked himself into the hospital because he was dissociating.

(psychology, intransitive) To undergo dissociation.


EOI

EOI manifests itself by over-emotionality, excessive self-sacrifice, over-identification, and extreme overprotective behavior with the patient.

2012 January–March, Anekal C. Amaresha, Ganesan Venkatasubramanian, “Expressed Emotion in Schizophrenia: An Overview”, in Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, volume 34, number 1, Thousand Oaks, C.A.: Sage Publishing, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, →PMID, page 14, column 1:

(psychiatry) Initialism of emotional over-involvement.


exposure treatment

en-noun

exposure treatment (countable and uncountable, plural exposure treatments)

(psychology) The process of destimulation via gradual exposure to the stimulus, so that the reaction eventually becomes neutral.


rhinotillexomania

/ˌɹaɪnəʊtɪˌlɛksəˈmeɪniə/

/ˌɹaɪnəʊtɪˌlɛksəˈmeɪnjə/

From rhino- (“nose, nasal”) + Latin tillexis (“habit of plucking”, see below) + -o- + -mania (“obsession”).
The tillexis part is seemingly a New Latin borrowing from Ancient Greek τίλλω (tíllō, “I pluck or pull”). There is divergence about the "exo" affix. It is suggested it might come from ἔξω (éxō, “out”) or έξη (éxē, “habit”)

der

(psychiatry) Compulsive nose-picking, insertion of finger into one's nose.


phantasy

en-noun

phantasy (countable and uncountable, plural phantasies)

By later Kleinians and critics alike, phantasy is often seen as identical to Freud's concept of psychic reality.

1987, Juliet Mitchell, “Introduction”, in Selected Melanie Klein, →ISBN, page 22:

However, Klein's phantasy is not exactly Lacan's imaginary fantasy; it is, I think, more than that.

2013, Lene Austed, quoting Jonathan Davidoff, “Introducing Psychoanalysis and Politics”, in Nationalism and the Body Politic, →ISBN, page 262:

(psychology) The innate, mental image of an object; the link between instinct and reality.


rumination

rumination (countable and uncountable, plural ruminations)

/ˌɹuːmɪˈneɪʃən/

From Latin rūminātio (“chewing the cud”); see ruminate.

(psychology) Negative cyclic thinking; persistent and recurrent worrying or brooding.


projecting

/pɹəˈd͡ʒɛktɪŋ/

(psychology) Giving an outward appearance, in order to avoid a direct connection or to disguise or inflate the real essence.


sexual complex

sexual complex (plural sexual complexes)

(psychology) A psychological complex involving fixations of a sexual nature; a fetish.


plurality

plurality (countable and uncountable, plural pluralities)

singularity

antonym(s) of “state of being more than one”

From plural + -ity, from Middle English pluralite, from Old French pluralité (“multitude, state of being plural”), from Latin plūrālitās.

der

In this paper I argue that hearing voices experiences and plurality are part of a broad, rich, and complex spectrum of human experience, […]

2016, Lori F. Clarke, “Embracing Polyphony: Voices, Improvisation, and the Hearing Voices Network”, in Intersectionalities: A Global Journal of Social Work Analysis, Research, Polity, and Practice, volume 5, number 2, page 1:

Clinical psychology tends to lean towards early childhood trauma as an explanation for the development of plurality, but many members of the plurality community report experiencing a multiplicity of selves before, or even completely in the absence of, trauma.

2020, Tynan Drake, "Intersectional Representation: LGBTQ+ and neurodiverse voices in transmedia fiction", paper submitted to Ball State University, page 5

People often find it easiest to recognise plurality in themselves when they reflect on how they behave in different relationships or situations.

2020, Meg-John Barker, “Plural selves, queer, and comics”, in Journal of Graphic Novels and Comics, volume 11, number 4:

(psychology) Synonym of multiplicity (“the condition whereby a person displays or experiences multiple distinct personalities or selves in one body”).

monipersoonallisuus

psychology: the condition of a single body/person displaying multiple distinct personas


confirmation bias

en-noun

confirmation bias (usually uncountable, plural confirmation biases)

Days after this interview, on 12 February this year, fighting broke out between US troops and pro-Assad forces just outside Qamishli. Confirmation bias is rarely so fast, or so unnervingly accurate.

2020 February 26, Will Dunn, “William Gibson on the apocalypse: “it’s been happening for at least 100 years””, in New Statesman:

(psychology) A cognitive bias towards confirmation of the hypothesis under study; a psychological tendency to look for and accept information which supports one's values and worldview and reject that which conflicts with it.


censor

From an incorrect translation of German Zensur (“censorship”).

(psychology) A hypothetical subconscious agency which filters unacceptable thought before it reaches the conscious mind.


wishful thinking

wishful thinking (usually uncountable, plural wishful thinkings)

(idiomatic, psychology) The illusion that what one would like to be true is actually true.

pensament il·lusori

illusion that what one would like is true

приня́тие жела́емого за действи́тельное

used with verbs выдавать (vydavatʹ) and принимать (prinimatʹ)

prinjátije želájemovo za dejstvítelʹnoje


confabulation

confabulation (countable and uncountable, plural confabulations)

From Middle English confabulacion (“conversation”), from Latin confābulātiōnem, from cōnfābulārī + -tiōnem.

inh

(psychology) A fabricated memory believed to be true.


unconscious

en-adj

unconscious (comparative more unconscious, superlative most unconscious)

more unconscious (comparative)
most unconscious (superlative)

/ˌʌnˈkɒnʃəs/

/ˌʌnˈkɑnʃəs/

My sudden fright was an unconscious response.

It was intolerable, he felt, to sit and eat in presence of that silent figure partly turned away from him, jotting down the different amounts on a bit of paper, and absorbed in that occupation as if unconscious of his presence.

1884, Margaret Oliphant, The Wizard's Son:

Reshaping [of British Railways] was far from perfect. It was tainted by statistical overreach, the unconscious biases of its author, and by the political demands being placed upon the BRB by government.

2023 March 8, Gareth Dennis, “The Reshaping of things to come...”, in RAIL, number 978, page 49:

(psychology) Without directed thought or awareness.

неўсвядо́млены (njeŭsvjadómljeny, literally “not realized”)

неосо́знанный (neosóznannyj, literally “not realized”)

неусвідо́млений (neusvidómlenyj, literally “not realized”)


unconscious

/ˌʌnˈkɒnʃəs/

/ˌʌnˈkɑnʃəs/

Because the unconscious is outside time, it can perceive transformations beyond the limits of the ego.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 135:

(psychology) That part of mind that is not consciously perceived.

подсъзнание

that part of mind that is not consciously perceived

ασυνείδητο n (asyneídito, literally “unconscious”)

υποσυνείδητο n (yposyneídito, literally “subconscious”)


projection

en-noun

projection (countable and uncountable, plural projections)

/pɹəˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/

From either the Middle French projection or its etymon, the Classical Latin prōiectiō (stem: prōiectiōn-), from prōiciō, equivalent to project + -ion. Compare the Modern French projection, the German Projektion, and the Italian proiezione.

Projection is another mechanism of defense and is one that is utilized almost universally to explain one's minor mistakes, and in many cases the minor failures as well. By projection we place the blame for our acts upon others....

1937, John W. Vann, “To What Extent Is Reality Adjustment Concerned In The Selection Of The Flying Trainee?”, in United States Naval Medical Bulletin, volume 35, page 437:

The morality of patriarchy, Mary Daly argues, is charactrized by "a failure to lay claim to that part of the psyche that is then projected onto 'the Other.'"

1980 May 24, Judith Plaskow, “Blaming Jews for Inventing Patriarchy”, in Lilith Magazine, volume 7:

(psychology) A belief or assumption that others have similar thoughts and experiences to one's own, including making accusations that would more fittingly apply to the accuser.

投射

psychology: belief that others have similar thoughts and experiences as oneself


vicariance

vicariance (countable and uncountable, plural vicariances)

(psychology, colloquial) The act of experiencing an event by proxy through an empathic link with the person who is experiencing the event firsthand.


disturbance

disturbance (countable and uncountable, plural disturbances)

From Middle English disturbaunce, from Old French destorbance, destourbance, from destourber (“disturb”), from Latin disturbō. By surface analysis, disturb + -ance.

(psychology) A serious mental imbalance or illness.

duševní porucha

(psychology) serious mental imbalance or illness


echolalia

echolalia (countable and uncountable, plural echolalias)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-echolalia.wav

/ˌɛkə(ʊ)ˈleɪlɪə/

From echo + -lalia; Latin ēchō from Ancient Greek ἠχώ (ēkhṓ, “reflected sound, echo”), and -lalia from Ancient Greek λαλιά (laliá, “talk, chat”).

der

Their echolalic responses may be much more extensive than the single words or short phrases that are characteristic of normal echolalia. Thus, a pseudoverbal autistic child may respond to "Do you want a cookie, Jimmy?" with a replication of the very same words.

1984, Jon Eisenson, Aphasia and related disorders in children, page 30:

(clinical psychology, autism) The involuntary repetitive echoing of words or phrases spoken by another person; either immediate or delayed.


cognitive dissonance

en-noun

cognitive dissonance (countable and uncountable, plural cognitive dissonances)

In the state of ultimate commitment, a true believer feels better for having raised and or given money to the cause. It also aids in overcoming cognitive dissonance (the cause "must be" worthwhile to have attracted these funds). All kinds of rationales are given and accepted for the displayed wealth of the leaders, but it is fascinating to see the blind acceptance being replaced by questioning and scorn as the hypocrisies and double standards begin to make themselves felt.

1989, Marc Galanter, Cults and New Religious Movements: A Report of the American Psychiatric Association, American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., →ISBN, page 102:

If a given activity fails and it causes the death of a follower, it is because the rest of the group had insufficient faith or that it was done too late. Should the extraterrestrial beings not descend at the appointed time, then it may also be explained as due to their being frightened by the non-believers. Thus all plots and prophecies become possible — the capacity to reduce cognitive dissonance is the cement of the cult when it confronts reality, and this is why the layman is helpless before the nonsense that is spread by these speeches.

1999, Jean-Marie Abgrall, Soul Snatchers: The Mechanics of Cults, Algora Publishing, →ISBN, page 84:

By turning over all their possessions, members were making an irreversible commitment to the cult. Once such a commitment is made, people are unlikely to abandon positive attitudes toward the group (Festinger, Riecken, & Schachter, 1982). After expending so much effort, questioning commitment would create cognitive dissonance (Osherow, 1988). It is inconsistent to prove devotion to a belief by donating all of your possessions and then to abandon those beliefs. In other words, to a large extent, cult members persuade themselves.

2001, Kenneth S. Bordens, Irwin A. Horowitz, Social Psychology, Lawrence Erlbaum, →ISBN, page 223:

Much of the research literature has reintroduced classic cognitive dissonance theory to provide theoretical justification for a sequence of behavior change–belief change. The focus has been upon maintenance of conversion within groups when prophecy appears to fail.

2003, Bernard Spilka, The Psychology of Religion, The Guilford Press, →ISBN, page 356:

As a low-level experience of cognitive dissonance, how does one maintain faith in an organization when some of the most basic claims are contradicted by evidence and ordinary experience?

2009, “Researching Scientology: Perceptions, Premises, Promises, and Problematics, by Douglas E. Cowan”, in James R. Lewis, editor, Scientology, Oxford University Press, USA, →ISBN, page 56:

(psychology) A conflict or anxiety resulting from inconsistencies between one's beliefs and one's actions or other beliefs.


dysphasia

dysphasia (countable and uncountable, plural dysphasias)

(medicine, psychology) Loss of or deficiency in the power to use or understand language as a result of injury or disease of the brain.

aphasia

language impairment specifically due to brain damage

dysarthria

language impairment due to neuromuscular or other structural problems rather than cognitive problems


nihilism

nihilism (countable and uncountable, plural nihilisms)

Probably borrowed from French nihilisme, German Nihilismus, or Late Latin nihilismus; the French, German, and Latin words are derived from Latin nihil (“indefinite nothing”), from nihilum (“nothing”), from ne- (prefix negating the principal meaning) + hīlum (“a trifle; not in the least”). The English word is cognate with Italian nichilismo, Spanish nihilismo, Russian нигили́зм (nigilízm), philosophical doctrine grounded on negation of one or more meaningful aspects of life; emptiness; lack of education and cultural refinement.

Individuals with schizophrenia often cycle between nihilistic and solipsistic moods—when in the grip of nihilism they appear to have lost experiential contact with their very existence, [...]

2009, Tim Bayne, “solipsism”, in edited by Tim Bayne, Axel Cleeremans, and Patrick Wilken, The Oxford Companion to Consciousness, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 608, column 2:

Melancholia is the most typical and classical presentation of depression with several compelling features such as impoverishment of emotional life and delusions of nihilism or guilt.

2009, Arjan W. Braam, “Religion/Spirituality and Mood Disorders”, in edited by Philippe Huguelet and Harold G. Koenig, Religion and Spirituality in Psychiatry, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 97, column 2:

(uncountable, psychiatry) A delusion that oneself or the world, or parts thereof, have ceased to exist.


superego

From super + ego, from earlier form super-ego, calqued after German Über-Ich, from über- (“super-”) + Ich (“ego”), from the pronoun ich (“I”).

Still, it would be an error to believe that psychoanalytic theory makes no contribution to describing and assessing different types of ethical conduct. The crucial notion in this connection is the relative rigidity or flexibility of the superego. The childish, immature, or neurotic superego is rigid; it is characterized by slavish adherence to rules which, moreover, may not be clearly understood. The mature or normal superego, on the other hand, is flexible; it can evaluate the situation at hand and modify the rules accordingly. Thus, in an early, classic paper, Strachey suggested that the basic aim of psychoanalytic treatment is to make such “mutative interpretations” as would help to render the patient’s “rigid superego” more “flexible”.⁸ Like the psychoanalytic theory of the superego, on which it is based, this view suffers from the limitation of being silent on what sort of rigidity is considered bad or undesirable and what sort of flexibility is considered good or desirable.

1974, Thomas S. Szasz, chapter 9, in The Myth of Mental Illness, →ISBN, page 152:

(psychoanalysis) The part of the mind that acts as a self-critical conscience, reflecting social standards that have been learnt.


Oedipus complex

Oedipus complex (plural Oedipus complexes)

Named after Oedipus in Greek mythology, who unwittingly killed his father and married his mother.

(psychoanalysis) In Freudian theory, the complex of emotions aroused in a child by an unconscious sexual desire for the parent of the opposite sex.


Oedipal

(psychoanalysis) Of or relating to the Oedipus complex.


Freudian

en-adj

Freudian (comparative more Freudian, superlative most Freudian)

more Freudian (comparative)
most Freudian (superlative)

(psychoanalysis) Susceptible to analysis in terms of unconscious thoughts or desires.

freudiansk

susceptible to analysis in terms of unconscious thoughts or desires


scopophilia

From Ancient Greek σκοπός (skopós, “watcher”) + -philia (itself from the Ancient Greek φιλία (philía, “love, fondness”)).

der

At first feeling somewhat inhibited in his watching by Sam's presence (perhaps due to an inferiority complex), Jake freely indulges in his scopophilia once the other man is gone, growing excited by the sight of this woman whose dance includes undressing, donning some jewels, and then stroking herself.

2015, Douglas Keesey, Brian De Palma's Split-Screen: A Life in Film:

(psychology) A sexual dependency on openly observing sex organs and sexual acts, as opposed to voyeurism which is secret.


scopophile

From Ancient Greek σκοπός (skopós, “watcher”) + -phile.

af

Caligula was a scopophile who was not ashamed of his irregular desire to watch others making love, while Mr. Hoover, as a voyeur, favored the keyhole and wiretap as methods of observation.

(psychology, sexuality) One with a sexual dependency on openly observing genitalia and sexual acts, as opposed to a voyeur, who watches in secret.


urophilia

/ˌʊɹɒˈfilɪə/

(psychology, sexuality) Undinism, a fetish for or sexual dependency on either the smell and/or taste of urine, or the sight and sound of someone urinating.


polytropic

From polytrope, equivalent to poly- + -tropic, ultimately from Ancient Greek πολύτροπος (polútropos).

Our hypothesis is that the difference between autistic and non-autistic is a difference in the strategies employed in the distribution of scarce attention. That is to say, it is the difference between having few interests highly aroused, the monotropic tendency, and having many interests less highly aroused, the polytropic tendency. An aroused interest is an interest charged with feeling.

2005 January 5, Dinah Murray, Mike Lesser, Wendy Lawson, “Attention, monotropism and the diagnostic criteria for autism”, in Autism, volume 9, number 2, →DOI, page 140:

Where polytropic minds comfortably entertain many simultaneous interests, each moderately aroused, the monotropic mind will maintain only very few simultaneous interests, with each one highly aroused and intensely focused upon.

2021 April 29, Gemma L. Williams, Tim Wharton, Caroline Jagoe, “Mutual (Mis)understanding: Reframing Autistic Pragmatic “Impairments” Using Relevance Theory”, in Frontiers in Psychology, number 12, →DOI, page 616664:

(psychology) Focusing one’s attention on multiple sets of things at one time.


script

en-noun

script (countable and uncountable, plural scripts)

From Middle English scrit, borrowed from Old French escrit, from Latin scriptum (something written), from scrībō (“write”).

(psychology) Ellipsis of behavioral script; a sequence of actions in a given situation.


genital

/ˈd͡ʒɛnətəl/

/ˈd͡ʒɛnɪtəl/

From Middle English genital, from Latin genitalis (“of or belonging to generation”), from genitus, past participle of gignō (“to beget, generate”); see genus.

der

(psychoanalysis) Of, or relating to psychosexual development during puberty.

płciowy

of, or relating to psychosexual development during puberty


pyromania

en-noun

pyromania (usually uncountable, plural pyromanias)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pyromania.wav

/ˌpaɪɹə(ʊ)ˈmeɪnɪə/

(psychology) A compulsive disorder characterized by obsession with fire or uncontrollable urges to start fires.


extinguish

en-verb

extinguish (third-person singular simple present extinguishes, present participle extinguishing, simple past and past participle extinguished)

extinguishes (present singular third-person)
extinguishing (participle present)
extinguished (participle past)
extinguished (past)

/ɪkˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/

Borrowed from Latin extinguo (“to put out (what is burning), quench, extinguish, deprive of life, destroy, abolish”), from ex (“out”) + stinguere (“to put out, quench, extinguish”). Doublet of extinct.

унищожавам

to put an end to (something) completely — see also annihilate, destroy

Many patients can extinguish their phobias after a few months of treatment.

(figurative) To put an end to (something) completely; to annihilate, to destroy.

(psychology) To bring about the extinction of (a conditioned reflex).

sammuttaa

to bring about the extinction of (a conditioned reflex)


displacement

From French déplacement. Morphologically displace + -ment.

водоизместимост

the quantity of anything, as water, displaced by a floating body, as by a ship

there is no replacement for displacement

(psychology) The transfer of feelings or emotions from their intended recipient to another object or person.


explanatory style

en-noun

explanatory style (plural explanatory styles)

(psychology) The automatic, natural, habitual way in which a person explains events.


archetype

From Old French architipe (modern French archétype), from Latin archetypum (“original”), from Ancient Greek ἀρχέτυπον (arkhétupon, “model, pattern”), the neuter form of ἀρχέτυπος (arkhétupos, “first-moulded”), from ἀρχή (arkhḗ, “beginning, origin”) (from ἄρχω (árkhō, “to begin; to lead, rule”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ergʰ- (“to begin; to command, rule”)) + τῠ́πος (tŭ́pos, “blow, pressing; sort, type”) (from τύπτω (túptō, “to beat, strike”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp- (“to push; to stick”)).

der

The three archetypes so far discussed—the shadow, the anima, and the wise old man—are of a kind that can be directly experienced in personified form. In the foregoing I tried to indicate the general psychological conditions in which such an experience arises. But what I conveyed were only abstract generalizations. One could, or rather should, really give a description of the process as it occurs in immediate experience. In the course of this process the archetypes appear as active personalities in dreams and fantasies.

1968, C[arl] G[ustav] Jung, “Archetypes of the Collective Unconscious”, in R[ichard] F[rancis] C[arrington] Hull, transl., The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious (Bollingen Series; XX), 2nd edition, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press; London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, published 1990, →ISBN, pages 37–38:

It has been suggested that Prothean data recording is highly dependent on a certain point of view, what Carl Jung described as the collective unconscious. The 'cipher' needed to comprehend the images implanted in Shepard's mind is the cultural knowledge of a Prothean: the archetypes, biological instincts, and common experiences universal to the race.

2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Protheans: Cipher Codex entry:

According to [Carl] Jung, all the most important ideas, in both science and religion, originate from archetypes. People acquire archetypal images and notions and consciously convert them to ideas, art, technology, and other products of culture and civilization. Archetypes also play a crucial role in the development of the individual. […] Typical archetypes connected with individuation are the archetypes of transformation, like birth, death and rebirth.

2012, Monika Kostera, “Archetypes in Organizations”, in Adam Zdrowski, Monika Kostera, transl., Organizations and Archetypes, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, Northampton, Mass.: Edward Elgar Publishing, →ISBN, section 3.1 (Organizational Archetypes), pages 28–29:

(psychology) According to Swiss psychologist Carl Jung: a universal pattern of thought, present in an individual's unconscious, inherited from the past collective experience of humanity.

arquetip

Jungian psychology: universal pattern of thought


SOA

en-noun

SOA (countable and uncountable, plural SOAs)

stimulus onset asynchrony
stimulus onset asynchrony#English

(psychology) Initialism of stimulus onset asynchrony, the time interval between the onset of a first stimulus and the onset of a second stimulus.


cycloid

(psychoanalysis) characterized by alternating high and low moods.


body double

The psychological sense was coined by ADHD coach Linda Anderson in 1996.

coinage

The coach should be prepared to become the client’s [ADDer's] “body double.” Her presence, especially with direct eye contact, sharpens the client’s attention and vigilance

1999, Raizi Abby Janus, Mapping Careers with LD and ADD Clients: Guidebook and Case Studies, Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 211:

(psychology) A person who is present nearby — or virtually connected to — a person with ADHD in order to increase their attention and focus.


body double

en-verb

body double (third-person singular simple present body doubles, present participle body doubling, simple past and past participle body doubled)

body doubles (present singular third-person)
body doubling (participle present)
body doubled (participle past)
body doubled (past)

I suggest that instead of actively attempting to organize Beth, Jack should body double for her. In this new passive role, Jack putters with his own work while Beth organizes her desk.

1998, Judith Kolberg, Conquering Chronic Disorganization, 2nd edition, Decatur: Squall Press, published 2006, →ISBN, page 108:

(psychology) To be present nearby — or virtually connected to — a person with ADHD in order to increase their attention and focus.


narcissist

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-narcissist.wav

From Narcissus (“a character in Greek mythology who became obsessed with his own reflection”) + -ist.

af

So what do you do if someone close to you is a narcissist?

2024 November 7, Christina Caron, “Narcissism Is a Trait That’s Hard to Shake, Study Says”, in The New York Times:

(psychology) One who shows extreme love and admiration for themselves.

نَرْجِسِيّ

one who shows extreme love for themselves


DSM-IV

In the new “DSM-5” manual, “the criteria will incorporate several diagnoses from DSM-IV including autistic disorder, Asperger’s disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder and pervasive developmental disorder (not otherwise specified) into the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder for DSM-5 to help more accurately and consistently diagnose children with autism,” according to an APA statement Saturday.

2012 December 2, Miriam Falco, “Psychiatric association approves changes to diagnostic manual”, in CNN:

(psychology) The 1994 revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association.


rationalization

en-noun

rationalization (countable and uncountable, plural rationalizations)

First attested in 1831. From French rationalisation, equivalent to rational + -ization or rationalize + -ation.

(psychiatry) The concealment of true motivation in some non-threatening way.


phallus

From Latin phallus (“membrum virile, phallus, or a figure thereof”) from Ancient Greek φαλλός (phallós).

bor

(psychoanalysis) The signifier of the desire of the Other, and the signifier of jouissance.


time dilation

en-noun

time dilation (countable and uncountable, plural time dilations)

(psychology) The perceived change in the speed of time experienced due to psychological stress, hormones, or drugs; the rate of time perception.


penis envy

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-penis envy.wav

(psychoanalysis) The unconscious desire of a woman to possess a penis.


constructivism

constructivism (countable and uncountable, plural constructivisms)

There is no single theory of constructivism. In fact, there are many shades and varieties of constructivism spanning a range of perspectives. There is also no single individual who can be identified as the founder of constructivism. In fact, rather than tracing a linear development along one line of philosophical thought, constructivism seems to circumscribe a set of thinkers, theories and approaches that spring from a plethora of historical and cultural origins.

2000, Donald Kiraly, A Social Constructivist Approach to Translator Education, St. Jerome Publishing, p. 18

According to constructivism, all systems are artificial abstractions. They are not made by nature and presented to use to be discovered, but we construct them by our perceptual and mental capabilities with the domain of our experiences.

2001, George J. Klir, Facets of Systems Science:

(philosophy, psychology) A psychological epistemology which argues that humans generate knowledge and meaning from their experiences.


resilient

en-adj

resilient (comparative more resilient, superlative most resilient)

more resilient (comparative)
most resilient (superlative)

From Middle English resilient, from Old French resilient, from Latin resiliēns, present active participle of resiliō (“I leap or spring back”).

veerkragtig

able to withstand force without cracking; elastic

veerkragtig

returning quickly to normal after damaging events or conditions; psychologically or structurally tough

Returning quickly to normal after damaging events or conditions. (of systems, organisms or people)

(psychology, neuroscience) Having the ability to recover from mental illness, trauma, etc.; having resilience.


displace

en-verb

displace (third-person singular simple present displaces, present participle displacing, simple past and past participle displaced)

displaces (present singular third-person)
displacing (participle present)
displaced (participle past)
displaced (past)

From Middle French desplacer (French: déplacer).

Freud considered shyness to be evidence of displaced narcissism.

2017, Megan Garber, “The Case for Shyness”, in The Atlantic:


autism

en-noun

autism (usually uncountable, plural autisms)

From German Autismus, coined by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler, first usage dated to 1907 attributed by Carl Jung as an alternative of his for "auto-erotism", although Bleuler himself differentiates the terms in his book Dementia Praecox, first published 1911. From Ancient Greek αὐτός (autós, “self”) + -ισμός (-ismós, “-ism”).

coinage

Mostly, the microbiome is beneficial. It helps with digestion and enables people to extract a lot more calories from their food than would otherwise be possible. Research over the past few years, however, has implicated it in diseases from atherosclerosis to asthma to autism.

2013 June 29, “A punch in the gut”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, London: The Economist Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-07-27, pages 72–3:

sensory processing sensitivities
sensory processing sensitivity

(clinical psychology) A pervasive neurological condition that is observable in early childhood and persists throughout the lifespan, characterised by atypical communication patterns (e.g., differences in body language or eye contact), delayed language development, and sensory processing sensitivities.

(loosely) Synonym of autism spectrum; a range of disorders.

(clinical psychology, obsolete) A diagnosis involving a pathological tendency to engage in self-centered fantasy thinking, historically considered a symptom of insanity and/or schizophrenia.


cathect

en-verb

cathect (third-person singular simple present cathects, present participle cathecting, simple past and past participle cathected)

cathects (present singular third-person)
cathecting (participle present)
cathected (participle past)
cathected (past)

Back-formation from cathexis and cathectic. A loan creation coined by British psychoanalyst James Strachey translating Freud’s German besetzen.

coinage

1978 [Simon & Schuster], M. Scott Peck, The Road Less Travelled, 2012, Random House (Rider), page 105,
The feeling of love is the emotion that accompanies the experience of cathecting. Cathecting, it will be remembered, is the process by which an object becomes important to us. Once cathected, the object, commonly referred to as a 'love object,' is invested with our energy as if it were part of ourselves, and this relationship between the us and the invested object is called a cathexis.

Narcissism theorists talk about the work of the narcissism period being a "cathecting of the self." In fact, they should be talking about a "cathecting of the rudimentary self." Since all that gets cathected here are merely individually emerging ego self representations and not ego self structure—the latter amounting to an internally integrated network of agency dispositions—it really makes no sense to talk about cathecting a self per se.

1994, Howard Kamler, Identification and Character, SUNY Press, page 56:

Apparently it is possible for an individual to cathect any person, object, idea, or image. Of considerable importance to a possible analogy between cathexis and the emotion of interest, is Freud's notion that an individual can cathect thought or thinking as well as attention and perception.

2013, Carroll E. Izard, Human Emotions, page 193:

(transitive, psychology) To focus one's emotional energies on someone or something.

s’investir émotionnellement dans un unique sujet


recidivism

en-noun

recidivism (countable and uncountable, plural recidivisms)

/ɹəˈsɪdəvəzm̩/

From French récidivisme, from Latin recidīvus (“returning, recurring”). Compare recidivous, -ism.

uder

(psychology, psychiatry) Chronic repetition of criminal or other antisocial behavior.


DID

en-noun

DID (countable and uncountable, plural DIDs)

dissociative identity disorder
dissociative identity disorder#English

(psychiatry) Initialism of dissociative identity disorder.


OCD

obsessive-compulsive disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder#English

(medicine, psychology) Initialism of obsessive-compulsive disorder.


APA

He concluded by firing at the APA for "going downhill for some time." On April 22, he wrote an article for Psychology Today that discussed APA guidelines and criticized the organization for compromising "both scientists and practitioners."

2021 May 14, Julia Marnin, “Neuroscience Professor Removed From APA Discussion After Saying There Are Only Two Sexes”, in Newsweek:

American Psychological Association
w:American Psychological Association

(psychology) Initialism of American Psychological Association.


inner child

As I encouraged him to stay with that pain, he fell deeply into the reality of the inner child. The need in this inner child for love was very real indeed. He loved this inner child with all his heart.

1993, Barbara Ann Brennan, Light Emerging: The Journey of Personal Healing, Bantam Books, page 135:

2009, Jo Woodiwiss, Contesting Stories of Childhood Sexual Abuse, Springer Nature (Palgrave Macmillan), 2009, Softcover reprint, page 186,
A level of intensity can be seen in Anne's account, although Anne's investment was not so much in the world of her adult self but in the therapeutic world of inner children. […] Anne worked hard on her healing but the majority of this work was done on, or with, her inner children.

I will start by stating that most of the time — especially in our relationships — it is not our adult self, but rather our inner child, who is actually running the show. We all have an inner child.

2010, Bree Maresca-Kramer, It's That Simple!: A Woman's Book on Relationships, Life, Ourselves and the Healing of It All, It's That Simple!, page 57:

In traditional marriages, the woman mothered both inner children by holding the emotional content of the marriage, cooking and keeping house.

2012, Shakti Durga, Empowering Relationships, Higher Guidance, page 110:

(psychology) The childlike aspect of a person's psyche, typically, the personality and the memories of one's childhood, especially in the context of coexisting with, and being suppressed by, an adult aspect of the person.


greeble

* A neologism that was originally coined and used by the prop-makers from Industrial Light & Magic while working on production of the original Star Wars film.
* The objects in psychology were named by the American psychologist Robert Abelson.

Because, compared to other objects, face recognition seems to be especially sensitive to stimulus orientation, Gauthier had subjects perform a matching task with upright or inverted faces and greebles in the scanner, hypothesizing that greeble expertise would be specific to viewing them in the trained, upright orientation.

2005, Hugh W. Catts, Alan G. Kamhi, The Connections Between Language and Reading Disabilities, page 93:

(psychology) Any of a set of invented novel objects used as stimuli in psychological studies of object and face recognition.


psychometrics

(psychology) The design of psychological tests to measure intelligence, aptitude and personality; and the analysis and interpretation of their results.


BCD

(psychology, professional credential) Initialism of board-certified diplomate.


CR

CR (countable and uncountable, plural CRs)

conditioned response
conditioned response#English

(psychology) Initialism of conditioned response.


SAD

social anxiety disorder
social anxiety disorder#English

(psychology) Initialism of social anxiety disorder.


IUD

IUD (countable and uncountable, plural IUDs)

The Philippine sense is due to the streetfood being reminiscent of an intrauterine device.

Typically, respondents with ASPD that use inhalants often exhibited a greater level of antisocialism, and this relationship was intensified further if the inhalant user had an IUD.

2012, Paul S. Links, Jamal Y. Ansari, Fatima Fazalullasha, Ravi Shah, “The Relationship of Personality Disorders and Axis I Clinical Disorders”, in Thomas A. Widiger, editor, The Oxford Handbook of Personality Disorders (Oxford Library of Psychology), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 247:

(psychiatry) Initialism of inhalant use disorder.

(psychiatry) Initialism of internet use disorder.


ACE

ACE (countable and uncountable, plural ACEs)

human recombinant soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2

(psychology) Initialism of adverse childhood experience.


MMPI

w:Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

(psychology) Initialism of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.


scatology

scatology (countable and uncountable, plural scatologies)

From Ancient Greek σκῶρ (skôr, “excrement”) + -ology.

Like James Joyce’s Leopold Bloom in the novel Ulysses (1922), Mozart seemed utterly comfortable with himself, bodily functions, and all.[…] In our view Mozart’s so-called scatology is part of his culture and personality and, as we have argued, intimately connected with his creativity.

2015, Henry Powell, Howard Kushner, “Mozart at play: The limitations of attributing etiology of genius to Tourette syndrome and mental illness”, in Eckart Altenmüller, Stanley Finger, François Boller, editors, Music, Neurology, and Neuroscience, page 290:

(psychology, medicine) Interest in or obsession with faeces or other excrement.


ESP

ESP (countable and uncountable, plural ESPs)

(psychology) Abbreviation of emotional, spiritual, and psychological.


resilience

resilience (countable and uncountable, plural resiliences)

From resilio + -ence, from Latin resiliō (“to spring back”).

Martin Seligman's impressive body of research showed that a pessimistic explanatory style carves a path to depression, while an optimistic explanatory style leads to resilience.

2021, Lisa Miller, The Awakened Brain, Ch.2, at p.36

(psychology, neuroscience) The mental ability to recover quickly from depression, illness or misfortune.

veerkragtigheid

ability of a system or company to recover


adaptive

en-adj

adaptive (comparative more adaptive, superlative most adaptive)

more adaptive (comparative)
most adaptive (superlative)

(psychology) Of a trait: that helps an individual to function well in society.

адапти́вен

of a trait: that helps an individual to function well in society


GD

gender dysphoria
gender dysphoria#English

(psychiatry) Initialism of gender dysphoria.


SAM

The SAM is a way of deliberately de-coupling sex and romance.

2022, Eris Young, Ace Voices: What it Means to Be Asexual, Aromantic, Demi or Grey-Ace, page 167:

Now before anyone can excuse me of making this up or saying that the SAM is just another “modern” (therefore “uselessly millennial”) invention, the idea of distinguishing orientations is actually a concept that can trace its origins further back in history.

2023, Michele Kirichanskaya, Ace Notes: Tips and Tricks on Existing in an Allo World, page 94:

Not everyone who can or does experience these attractions differently uses or identifies with the SAM.

2023, Ace and Aro Journeys: A Guide to Embracing Your Asexual or Aromantic Identity, page 30:

split attraction model
split attraction model#English

(psychology) Initialism of split attraction model.


temperament

en-noun

temperament (countable and uncountable, plural temperaments)

Inherited from Middle English temperament, borrowed from Middle French tempérament, from Latin temperāmentum.

inh+

(psychology) Individual differences in behavior that are biologically based and are relatively independent of learning, system of values and attitudes.


AAS

(medicine, psychology) Initialism of American Association of Suicidology (an American nonprofit suicide prevention organization)


sthenolagnia

/ˌsθɛnəˈlæɡniə/

From Ancient Greek σθένος (sthénos) + -lagnia.

suf

(paraphilia, psychology) Sexual arousal from displays of strength or muscles.


neurasthenia

en-noun

neurasthenia (countable and uncountable, plural neurasthenias)

/ˌnjʊəɹəsˈθiːniə/

From neur- + asthenia, after Italian nevrastenia.

(psychiatry, dated) An ill-defined medical condition characterized by lassitude, fatigue, headache, and irritability, associated chiefly with emotional disturbance.


agateophobia

(psychology, psychiatry) A fear of insanity.


post-traumatic stress disorder

post-traumatic stress disorder (uncountable)

The evidence says that enormous numbers of children who live in households in high-crime neighborhoods are experiencing the psychological equivalent of battlefield conditions.[...]Studies show that many children who live under these conditions, 30 percent or more, are developing post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, similar to what we used to call “shell shock” in soldiers returning from war.

2009, Kamala Harris, “Putting Humpty Dumpty Back Together Again”, in Smart on Crime, San Francisco: Chronicle Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 107:

An example of the contract, read out in the committee said: “I understand that exposure to this content may give me post traumatic stress disorder. I will engage in a mandatory wellness coaching session but I understand that those are not conditions and may not be sufficient to prevent my contracting PTSD.”

2021 May 12, Cristina Criddle, “Facebook moderator: ‘Every day was a nightmare’”, in BBC News:

(psychology) A psychological condition that develops following some stressful situation or event, with symptoms such as sleep disturbance, recurrent dreams, flashbacks, hypervigilance, depression, dissociation, withdrawal or lack of concentration.

posttraumatiese stressteuring

iḍṭirāb al-karb at-tāliyy li-ṣ-ṣadma n-nafsiyya

اِضْطِرَاب الْكَرْب التَّالِيّ لِلصَّدْمَة النَّفْسِيَّة

創傷後心理壓力緊張症候群 /创伤后心理压力紧张症候群

cong³ soeng¹ hau⁶ sam¹ lei⁵ aat³ lik⁶ gan² zoeng¹ zing³ hau⁶ kwan⁴

創傷後心理壓力緊張綜合症 /创伤后心理压力紧张综合症

chuāngshānghòu xīnlǐ yālì jǐnzhāng zōnghézhèng

創傷後心理壓力緊張症候群 /创伤后心理压力紧张症候群

chuāngshānghòu xīnlǐ yālì jǐnzhāng zhènghòuqún

心的外傷後ストレス障害

しんてきがいしょうごストレスしょうがい

посттравмати́ческое стре́ссовое расстро́йство

atirccikkup piṟakāṉa maṉa aḻuttap pātippu

அதிர்ச்சிக்குப் பிறகான மன அழுத்தப் பாதிப்பு


automatism

automatism (countable and uncountable, plural automatisms)

/ɔːˈtɒmətɪzəm/

[G]eneralising this phenomenon, Mr. Myers has given the name of automatism, sensory or motor, emotional or intellectual, to this whole sphere of effects, due to 'uprushes' into the ordinary consciousness of energies originating in the subliminal parts of the mind. The simplest instance of an automatism is the phenomenon of post-hypnotic suggestion, so-called.

1902, William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature […] , New York, N.Y.; London: Longmans, Green, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 234:

(countable, psychology) An action performed subconsciously, without any apparent direction from the mind; a thought which appears spontaneously in one's consciousness.


mens rea

/ˌmɛnz ˈɹiːə/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-mens rea.wav

From Latin mēns + reus (literally “guilty mind”), from the English common law precept Actus non facit reum nisi mens rea sit ("The act does not make a person guilty unless the mind is also guilty").

(general, psychology) A reactive mind, a conscious knowing by the individual that an act was committed, either by themselves or by another.


reactance

reactance (countable and uncountable, plural reactances)

(psychology) An emotional reaction in direct contradiction to rules or regulations that threaten or eliminate specific behavioral freedoms.


mateship

mateship (usually uncountable, plural mateships)

From mate + -ship. Cognate with Dutch maatschap (“partnership”).

The mateships of the three last-named animals are solitary, though in the case of wolves, the separated members of various mateships gather in packs during the winter months.

1942, Fred August Moss, Edward Lee Thorndike, Comparative Psychology, page 370:

Further, in most cultures without systems of codified laws, long-term mateships are ritually sanctioned by the community. If we are not to have too provincial a conception of marriage, these mateships should also count as marriages.

2005, David J. Buller, Adapting Minds: Evolutionary Psychology And The Persistent Quest For Human Nature, page 259:

In Homo sapiens we find two types of polygamous mateships, polygyny and polyandry, and social structures based on these are ordinarily called “families.” Relatively rare in man in an institutionalized form, polyandrous mateships appear to be absent in infrahuman primates.

2010, A. Irving Hallowell, “15: The Protocultural Foundations of Human Adaptation”, in Yehudi A. Cohen, editor, Human Adaptation: The Biosocial Background, page 164:

The most frequent conflict within human mateships is the conflict between male sexual persistence and female sexual resistance.

2012, Dietrich Klusmann, Wolfgang Berner, “Chapter 14: Sexual Motivation in Mateships an Sexual Conflict”, in Todd K. Shackelford, Aaron T. Goetz, editors, The Oxford Handbook of Sexual Conflict in Humans, page 233:

(countable, zoology, psychology, anthropology) A relationship based on mating.


RFT

RFT (countable and uncountable, plural RFTs)

relational frame theory
w:relational frame theory

(psychology, linguistics) Initialism of relational frame theory.


suppress

en-verb

suppress (third-person singular simple present suppresses, present participle suppressing, simple past and past participle suppressed)

suppresses (present singular third-person)
suppressing (participle present)
suppressed (participle past)
suppressed (past)

From Latin suppressus, perfect passive participle of supprimō (“press down or under”), from sub (“under”) + premō (“press”).

He unconsciously suppressed his memories of abuse.

(psychiatry) To exclude undesirable thoughts from one's mind.

потискам

psychiatry: to exclude undesirable thoughts from one's mind


koro

Possibly from Makasar garring koro' (lit. koro illness, "shrinking of the toilet", Matthes 1859), Buginese, or Malay. See "Koro § Etymology and geographical background" at Wikipedia for a full discussion.

(psychology) A delusional syndrome found in Malay and southern Chinese populations, characterized by a belief that the subject's penis will retract into the abdomen and cause death.


road rage

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-road rage.wav

road + rage. First use appears c. 1988 in the Orlando Sentinel.

For quotations using this term, see Citations:road rage.

(automotive, law, psychology) Uncontrollable aggressive behavior by the driver of a road vehicle, especially when caused by stress or frustration.


seasonal affective disorder

en-noun

seasonal affective disorder (uncountable)

(psychology) A form of depression associated with the lack of natural light during the winter months.

季節性情緒失調 /季节性情绪失调

Depression associated with lack of natural light in winter


SPD

SPD (countable and uncountable, plural SPDs)

schizoid personality disorder
schizoid personality disorder#English

(psychology) Initialism of schizoid personality disorder.

(psychology) Initialism of schizotypal personality disorder.

sadistic personality disorder
sadistic personality disorder#English

(psychology) Initialism of sadistic personality disorder.


subliminal

en-adj

subliminal (comparative more subliminal, superlative most subliminal)

more subliminal (comparative)
most subliminal (superlative)

PIE word
 *upó
The adjective is derived from sub- (prefix meaning ‘beneath, under’) + liminal (“of or pertaining to an entrance or threshold”) (from Latin līminālis, from līmen (“doorstep, threshold; doorway, entrance; beginning, commencement”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃l- (“to bend, bow; elbow”)) + *-mn̥ (suffix forming action nouns or result nouns from verbs)) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship from nouns)). The English word is borrowed from German subliminal, or a calque of German unterschwellig (“subliminal”, literally “beneath the threshold”).
The noun is derived from the adjective.

calque

(psychology) Without directed awareness or thought; subconscious (dated), unconscious.


subliminal

(psychology) Chiefly preceded by the: the subconscious (dated) or unconscious self.


synaesthesia

en-noun

synaesthesia (countable and uncountable, plural synaesthesiae or synaesthesias)

synaesthesiae (plural)
synaesthesias (plural)

/ˌsɪn.ɪsˈθiː.ʒə/

From Ancient Greek σύν (sún, “with”) + αἴσθησις (aísthēsis, “sensation”), modelled after anaesthesia. It is analysable as syn- + -aesthesia.

M. [Théodore] Flournoy includes all the phenomena of "Colored Hearing" and of "Mental Forms" under the convenient and adequate name Synæsthesia—in place of which, to be sure, he himself usually employs the less defensible term Synopsie. […] The phenomena of synæsthesia are divided into three main groups: "photisms," among which are included, as by [Eugen] Bleuler and Lehmann, all the varieties of pseudo-chromesthesia; "Schemes," comprising not only "forms" (diagrammes) associated with series of words or numbers, but "symbols," or particular figures associated with single letters, numerals, colors and the like; and "personifications," in which the associated factor is no mere color or form, but has become richer and more concrete.

1893 July, Mary Whiton Calkins, “De Phénomènes de Synopsie. Par Th. Flournoy. Paris, Alean, 1893. [book review]”, in G[ranville] Stanley Hall, editor, The American Journal of Psychology, volume V, number 4, Worcester, Mass.: J. H. Orpha, publisher, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 550:

Probably in all of us, though in some men much more distinctly than in others, there exist certain synæsthesiæ or concomitances of sense-impression, which are at any rate not dependent on any recognisable link of association.

1903, Frederic W[illiam] H[enry] Myers, “Sensory Automatism”, in Human Personality and Its Survival of Bodily Death … In Two Volumes, volume I, London, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green, and Co., […], →OCLC, paragraph 603, page 224:

[…] R. H. Gault's case of synesthesia in a deaf and blind girl, who could distinguish colors by the sense of smell, […]

1926 July, Paul Campbell Young, “An Experimental Study of Mental and Physical Functions in the Normal and Hypnotic States: Additional Results”, in Margaret F[loy] Washburn, Karl M. Dallenbach, [Isaac] Madison Bentley, Edward G. Boring, editors, The American Journal of Psychology, volume XXXVII, Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University, →ISSN, →OCLC, footnote 6, page 346:

Now just as normal perceptions in terms of sense organs different from those stimulated can be interpreted through common past experiences, so it is likely that synæsthesias may be partly explicable in terms of individual experiences.

1945, Julian Blackburn, “Introduction”, in Psychology and the Social Pattern (International Library of Sociology and Social Reconstruction; 251), London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., →OCLC; republished London: Routledge, 2013, →ISBN:

Into her darkness, a churning synaesthesia, where her pain was the taste of old iron, scent of melon, wings of a moth brushing her cheek.

1984, William Gibson, chapter 18, in Neuromancer (Sprawl; book 1), New York, N.Y.: Ace Books, →ISBN, page 221:

For example, I myself have a type of synaesthesia: The sounds of musical instruments will sometimes make me see colors, about a yard in front of me, each color specific and consistent with the particular instrument playing.

2002, Sean A. Day, “What Synaesthesia Is (and Is Not)”, in Paul Mc Kevitt, Seán Ó Nualláin, Conn Mulvihill, editors, Language, Vision and Music: Selected Papers from the 8th International Workshop on the Cognitive Science of Natural Language Processing, Galway, Ireland 1999 (Advances in Consciousness Research; 35), Amsterdam, Philadelphia, Pa.: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 171:

Colour is the most commonly induced synaesthetic percept and it can be invoked not only by auditory stimuli, but also by smells, tastes and touch sensations[…]. Other synaesthesiae include musical taste and smell, visual smell, perceptions of shaped or auditory pain, and polymodal synaesthesiae.

2003, Marina Rakova, “Across Sensory Modalities”, in The Extent of the Literal: Metaphor, Polysemy and Theories of Concepts, Basingstoke, Hampshire, New York, N.Y.: Palgrave Macmillan, →DOI, →ISBN, section 4.2 (Seeing Sounds and Tasting Shapes), page 52:

For me Saturday was a bright red color, just as the other days of the week were chromatically coded. […] This wasn't the true synæsthesia which is such a fascinating mystical hint, a loose thread in the fabric of perception left a-dangle, an unravelling which suggests that we could dissolve all our unreal categories.

2008, Adam Mars-Jones, “Permission to Die”, in Pilcrow: Novel, London: Faber and Faber, →ISBN; 1st paperback edition, London, 2009, →ISBN, page 231:

Synaesthesia can occur particularly powerfully during mescalin and LSD intoxication, and is often given mystical significance.

2009, Graham Richards, Psychology: The Key Concepts (Key Concepts), London, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN, page 244:

[S]ynesthetes themselves can provide the indispensable cues to design a structured qualitative questionnaire: color synesthesias and their variations during sexual arousal, direct physical stimulation, and orgasm […] can help scientists differentiate the specific triggers and their characteristics.

2018 April, Helena Melero, “From Pain to Pleasure: A Neuroscientific Approach to Pain-color and Orgasm-color Synesthesias”, in M[ari]a José de Córdoba Serrano, Julia López de la Torre Lucha, Timothy B. Leiden, editors, Actas del ‘VI Congreso Internacional de Sinestesia, Ciencia y Arte + Actividades Paralelas 2018’: Alcalá la Real, Jaén (España), Granada, Spain: Fundació Internacional Artecittà, →ISBN, page 4, column 1:

(neurology, psychology) A neurological or psychological phenomenon whereby a particular sensory stimulus triggers a second kind of sensation.


extrovert

/ˈɛkstɹəˌvəɹt/

Alteration of earlier extravert (by influence of introvert), from German Extravert, popularized in psychology by Phyllis Blanchard's 1918 "Psycho-Analytic Study of August Comte". By surface analysis, extro- + -vert.

In order to understand the marked contract between Comte's mental attitude during his early years and that of his later life, we must keep in mind Jung's hypothesis of the two psychological types, the introvert and extrovert,—the thinking type and the feeling type.

1918 April, Phyllis Blanchard, “A Psycho-Analytic Study of August Comte”, in American Journal of Psychology, page 163:

He cannot find the fabled boatman, but he does come across the two stone images that belong to the boatman, and in rage and frustration, the great heroic extrovert, the man who is used to acting out whatever he feels inside, smashes the stones.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 201:

(informal psychology) An extroverted person: one who is outgoing, sociable, and concerned with outer affairs.


extrovert

en-adj

extrovert (comparative more extrovert, superlative most extrovert)

more extrovert (comparative)
most extrovert (superlative)

(informal psychology) Alternative form of extroverted: outgoing.


introvert

From New Latin intrōvertere, from intro- (“within”) and vertere (“to turn”). Popularized as a psychological term by the German works of Carl Jung. By surface analysis, intro- + -vert.

An Extravert can hardly conceive the necessity which compels the Introvert to conquer the world by means of a system.

1916, Constance Ellen Long trans. Carl Jung as Collected Papers on Analytical Psychology, p. 349

All works of the imagination are conceived by men of the introvert type.

The introvert abstracts from the object and deals with it by concepts concentrating upon the inner world of thought.

1925, Charles Fox, Educational Psychology, page 254:

This softly spoken but fluent communicator describes himself as an introvert who prefers not to shout from the rooftops.

2021 January 13, Paul Clifton, “Delivering a basis for rail changes”, in RAIL, issue 922, page 30:

(psychology) An introverted person: one who is considered more thoughtful than social, with a personality more inwardly than outwardly directed; one who often prefers to have time in non-social situations.

اِنْطِوَائِيّ

one who focuses primarily on their own mind, feelings, or affairs


motile

motile (comparative more motile, superlative most motile)

more motile (comparative)
most motile (superlative)

From Latin mōtus, perfect passive participle of moveō (“I move”) (English move).

(psychology) Of or relating to those mental images that arise from the sensations of bodily movement and position.


motile

(psychology) A person whose prevailing mental imagery takes the form of inner feelings of action, such as incipient pronunciation of words, muscular innervations, etc.


biodynamic

biodynamic (comparative more biodynamic, superlative most biodynamic)

more biodynamic (comparative)
most biodynamic (superlative)

biologisch-dynamisch

Relating to agriculture according to anthroposophic precepts

(New Age, psychoanalysis, pseudoscience) Of, or relating to a form of psychotherapy, massage and energy healing developed by Gerda Boyesen in Norway in the 1950s.


PFC

preference for consistency
preference for consistency#English

(psychology) Initialism of preference for consistency.


reciprocity

en-noun

reciprocity (countable and uncountable, plural reciprocities)

(psychology) The responses of individuals to the actions of others.


classical conditioning

conditioned response
conditioned response

(psychology) A learning process in which a previously neutral stimulus (such as a bell) is paired with a potent stimulus (such as food in the case of a dog), so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response (salivation) similar to the one elicited by the potent stimulus.


trigger

Originally tricker, from Dutch trekker (“pull”, noun, as in drawer-pull, bell-pull), from Dutch trekken (“to drag, draw, pull”).

laukaisin

music: electronic transducer allowing a percussion instrument to control an electronic device

(psychology) An event, experience or other stimulus that initiates a traumatic memory or a strong reaction in a person.

laukaisija

psychology: stimulus that initiates a traumatic memory or action


orthorexia

From ortho- + Ancient Greek ὄρεξις (órexis). Modeled on anorexia.

(psychology) A fixation with healthy or righteous eating.


externalization

en-noun

externalization (countable and uncountable, plural externalizations)

(psychology) In Freudian psychology, an unconscious defense mechanism by which an individual "projects" his or her own internal characteristics onto the outside world or other people.


extrinsic reward

extrinsic reward (plural extrinsic rewards)

(psychology) A reward, such as food, that is tangible and visible to others, and external.


psychosomatic

en-adj

psychosomatic (comparative more psychosomatic, superlative most psychosomatic)

more psychosomatic (comparative)
most psychosomatic (superlative)

(medicine, psychology) Pertaining to physical diseases, symptoms etc. which have mental causes.


neuro-linguistic programming

(psychology) A field of study that attempts to build a set of transferable skills by programming the unconscious mind.


imago

en-noun

imago (plural imagines or imagos or imagoes)

imagines (plural)
imagos (plural)
imagoes (plural)

(psychology) An idealised concept of a loved one, formed in childhood and retained unconsciously into adult life, the basis for the psychological formation of personality archetypes.


biophilia

/ˌbaɪəʊˈfɪlɪ.ə/

Biophilia (βίος, life; φιλία, love). The instinct of self-preservation common to man and the lower animals.

1892, Daniel Hack Tuke, editor, A Dictionary of Psychological Medicine: Giving the Definition, Etymology and Synonyms of the Terms Used in Medical Psychology with the Symptoms, Treatment, and Pathology of Insanity and the Law of Lunacy in Great Britain and Ireland, volume 1, London: J. & A. Churchill, page 135:

(psychology) The biological drive to preserve oneself; love of life.

pud sebezáchovy

the biological drive to preserve oneself; love of life


inhibition

inhibition (countable and uncountable, plural inhibitions)

/ɪnhɪˈbɪʃən/

From Middle English inhibicioun, inhibicione from Old French inibicion, from Latin inhibitio.
Morphologically inhibit + -ion.

(psychology) A personal feeling of fear or embarrassment that stops one behaving naturally.


foreclosure

foreclosure (countable and uncountable, plural foreclosures)

From foreclose by analogy with closure, equivalent to fore- + closure.

(psychoanalysis) The absence of a symbolic father for a fatherless child, as a cause for psychosis.


depersonalization

depersonalization (countable and uncountable, plural depersonalizations)

Calque of French dépersonnalisation, equivalent to de- + personalization.

Coordinate term: derealization

His depersonalization causes a great deal of stress as he searches for an authentic personal identity.

Musil is committed to the dissolution of the ego and to the defictionalization and depersonalization of character as Woolf expresses it in “The Narrow Bridge of Art.”

1983, William Thomas Hobdell Jackson, George Stade, Jacques Barzun, European Writers, New York: Scribner:

Many people experience some form of temporary depersonalisation in their lives, typically at moments of extreme fatigue or high stress, such as during a car crash, where both the established defence options of fight or flight are removed. A number of recreational drugs also precipitate similar episodes.

2015 September 4, Howard Swains, “Depersonalisation disorder: the condition you’ve never heard of that affects millions”, in The Guardian:

(psychology) The loss of one's sense of personal identity.

His severe depersonalization causes an aloof demeanor.

(psychiatry) A feeling of being unreal, detached or unable to feel emotion.


obsessive-compulsive disorder

obsessive-compulsive disorder (countable and uncountable, plural obsessive-compulsive disorders)

(medicine, psychology) A mental and behavioral disorder, characterized by obsessive intrusive thoughts and a compulsion to ease the resulting distress by repeating specific routines or rituals, regardless of their interference with other activities.

強迫性障害

きょうはくせいしょうがい


CAB

CAB (countable and uncountable, plural CABs)

Cognition, Affect, and Behavior
Cognition, Affect, and Behavior#English

(psychology) Initialism of Cognition, Affect, and Behavior.


idiographic

Dr Esterson's next book, The Leaves of Spring - a Study in the Dialectics of Madness, is an illuminating idiographic study, devoted for the major part to the painstaking, detailed study of a patient and her family, investigated and treated as the interacting elements of a unity.

(psychology) of or pertaining to individuals


muscle dysmorphia

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(bodybuilding, psychology) A disorder in which a person becomes obsessed with the idea that they are not muscular enough.


Rorschach test

/ˈɹɔːʃɑːk tɛst/

/ˈɹɔːʃæk tɛst/

/ˈɹɔɹˌʃæk tɛst/

/ˈɹɔɹʃək tɛst/

Psychologists have dozens of projective methods to choose from beyond the Rorschach Test, the TAT and figure drawings.

2001 May 24, Scott O. Lilienfeld, James M. Wood, Howard Garb, “What's Wrong with This Picture?”, in Scientific American, →DOI, →PMID, page 85:

(psychology) A method of psychological evaluation that uses a person's interpretations of inkblots or similar images to discover information concerning his or her personality, emotional functioning, or unconscious mind.

test de Rorschach

method of psychological evaluation that uses subject's interpretations of inkblots


bovarysm

Named after the character of Emma Bovary in Flaubert's novel Madame Bovary + -ism.

(psychology) An anxiety to escape from a social or sentimental condition judged to be unsatisfactory, sometimes by building a fictitious personality.

bovarisme

anxiety to escape from an unsatisfactory social or sentimental condition


retarded

en-adj

retarded (comparative more retarded, superlative most retarded)

more retarded (comparative)
most retarded (superlative)

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Experts in the field say there are now at least 200,000 retarded people over 60 in the United States.

1990 October 28, Tamar Lewin, “As the Retarded Live Longer, Anxiety Grips Aging Parents”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-25, U.S.:

One day the order of things begins to unravel. First, the doctor, on horseback, is tripped up by an invisible wire and his injuries put him in the hospital for months. Then several children, including the son of the Baron and the retarded child of the doctor’s mistress, are severely beaten. Later, the Baron’s barn is set on fire.

2009 May 25, Peter Brunette, “Cannes winner "White Ribbon" seriously stunning”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-04-29:

Shriver started the Special Olympics Games in 1968 to foster fitness and self-esteem for those with mental retardation and advocated in Washington for her cause well into her eighties. The event has grown to include 190 nations.
Her concern for the mentally handicapped was attributed to her relationship with older sister Rosemary, who was said to have been mildly retarded and spent the majority of her life in a long-term care facility after a lobotomy.

2009 August 11, “Eunice Kennedy Shriver, founder of Special Olympics, dead at 88”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2010-06-12:

As one of hundreds of examples, here is how Emily and Charles work to stimulate their profoundly retarded newborn, and the kind of detail Solomon is consistently able to draw from his subjects:[…]

2012 November 21, Lisa Zeidner, “Book review: ‘Far From the Tree: Parents, Children, and the Search for Identity’ by Andrew Solomon”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-12-04, Opinions:

Gavali added that he is going to meet the state home minister by next week to brief him about the situation. “Giving drugs to children can cause long term harm and they can also become retarded. Such begging gangs are also seen at Kharghar, Belapur highway junction, and at Nerul LP, " he said.

2022 May 1, Sandeep Raghavan, quoting Vishnu Gavali, “Navi Mumbai: Kids forced to beg are drugged, say activists”, in The Times of India, archived from the original on 2022-05-01:

The convict sexually exploited the girl, a Class 8 student who is moderately retarded, on multiple occasions.

2022 November 28, “Man sentenced to 107 years for abusing minor daughter”, in The Hindu, archived from the original on 2023-04-29, Kerala:

The defense, which sought a life sentence, had argued that Yamada was mildly retarded and had committed the crime impulsively after being angered by the victims' actions and words.

2023 March 2, “Man sentenced to death in retrial over 2017 murder of elderly couple”, in Kyodo News, Japan, archived from the original on 2023-03-02:

A 49-year-old mother yesterday pleaded guilty to manslaughter when appearing in High Court after strangling her 21-year-old retarded son to death with a plastic tablecloth nearly three years ago.

2023 April 26, Stacy Shi, “Mother admits manslaughter of retarded son”, in The Standard, Hong Kong, archived from the original on 2023-04-26:

(psychology, sometimes offensive, dated) Having mental retardation; mentally deficient or underdeveloped.

(psychology, sometimes offensive, dated) Specifically, having an IQ below 70.


conditioned

(psychology) exhibiting a conditioned reflex


ergomania

(psychology) An obsession with exercise or work.


oniomania

/əʊnɪə(ʊ)ˈmeɪnɪə/

From Ancient Greek ὤνιος (ṓnios, “for sale”) + -mania, after German Oniomanie.

(psychology) An abnormal impulse to buy things, or a condition characterised by such impulses.


hoarding

en-noun

hoarding (countable and uncountable, plural hoardings)

Hoarding can be distressing and dangerous. But it’s not just a matter of ‘too much stuff’ – it’s a complex condition that requires careful, targeted help[.]

2023 July 4, Samira Shackle, “‘You reach a point where you can’t live your life’: what is behind extreme hoarding?”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(psychology) An anxiety disorder characterized by a compulsive need to accumulate goods and feelings of anxiety or discomfort about discarding such goods.

acaparament

behavior of people or animals accumulating food or other items


locality

locality (countable and uncountable, plural localities)

From French localité, from Late Latin localitas, equivalent to local + -ity.

(dated, phrenology) The perceptive faculty concerned with the ability to remember the relative positions of places.


extinction

extinction (countable and uncountable, plural extinctions)

From late Middle English, borrowed from Latin extinctio (“extinction, annihilation”), from extinguere, past participle extinctus (“to extinguish”); see extinguish.

der

extinction event → Triassic-Jurassic extinction event

(psychology) The fading of a conditioned response over time if it is not reinforced.


splitting

→ German: Splitting

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In other words, something troubling, such as being discovered in the toilets in a shaming way, can be both remembered and also pushed to the periphery of consciousness, a process that psychotherapists refer to as ‘splitting’.

2007, Brett Kahr, Sex and the Psyche, Penguin, published 2008, page 308:

(psychology) A division in the mind, or affecting one's sense of self.


oneirism

/ə(ʊ)ˈnʌɪɹɪzəm/

(psychiatry) A state of abnormal consciousness in which dream-like experiences and hallucinations happen while awake.


anaclitic

From Ancient Greek ἀνάκλιτος (anáklitos, “for reclining”), from ἀνακλίνω (anaklínō). Originally in the phrase anaclitic type, translating Freud's term Anlehnungstypus.

uder

I don’t think I have to gloss the true anaclitic purport behind your need to humiliate a woman doctor symbolically.

(psychoanalysis) Denoting a person whose choice of love-interest arises from the dependence of the libido on another instinct (e.g., hunger).


extroversion

en-noun

extroversion (usually uncountable, plural extroversions)

From extrovert + -sion, a variant of extraversion popularized in psychology by Phyllis Blanchard's use of the variant (then nonstandard) spelling extrovert in her 1918 "Psycho-Analytic Study of August Comte".

Extroversion is the thrusting out of the mind on to life, the use of the mind in practical affairs, the pouring out of the libido on external objects.

1920, Arthur George Tansley, The New Psychology and Its Relation to Life, page 88:

In a genre characterized by brassy extroversion, The Dead is a quiet revolutionary: a musical that dares to be diffident.

1999 October 29, Ben Brantley, “‘The Dead’: a Musical That Dares to be Quiet”, in New York Times:

The state or quality of being extroverted or an extrovert, particularly:

(informal psychology) A personality orientation towards others and things outside oneself; behavior expressing such orientation.

extroverze

concern with or an orientation toward others


extroverted

en-adj

extroverted (comparative more extroverted, superlative most extroverted)

more extroverted (comparative)
most extroverted (superlative)

/ɛkstɹəʊˈvəːtɪd/

/ˈɛkstɹəˌvəɹtɪd/

A variant spelling of extraverted. Popularized as a psychological term by Phyllis Blanchard's use of extrovert in her 1918 "Psycho-Analytic Study of August Comte".

She's very extroverted. She's always out meeting new people and looking for new experiences.

(informal psychology) Of or characteristic of the personality of an extrovert: outgoing, sociable.

منبسط

psychology: of or related to an extrovert


introverted

introverted (comparative more introverted, superlative most introverted)

more introverted (comparative)
most introverted (superlative)

An extraverted individual can hardly understand the necessity that forces the introverted to accomplish his adaptation by first formulating a general conception.

1915, Carl Jung, “On Psychological Understanding”, in Journal of Abnormal Psychology, number 9, page 397:

The introverted type is characterised by the fact that his libido is turned towards his own personality to a certain extent.

1916, Constance Ellen Long transl. Carl Jung as Collected Papers on Analytical Psychology, p. 348

There is a tendency to equate ‘introverted’ with ‘withdrawn’ or ‘schizoid’.

1968, Charles Rycroft, A Critical Dictionary of Psychoanalysis, page 48:

(psychology) Of or characteristic of the personality of an introvert: thoughtful, reflective.

اِنْطِوَائِيّ

psychology: Of or characteristic of an introvert


disorganized

disorganized (comparative more disorganized, superlative most disorganized)

more disorganized (comparative)
most disorganized (superlative)

(psychology) In a state of disruption of orderly psychological functioning; engaging in behavior that is chaotic, self-contradictory, or out of keeping with reality; (of a mental illness) poorly controlled and leading to a disorganized state.


mand

(psychology) A verbal operant in which the response is reinforced by a characteristic consequence and is therefore under the functional control of relevant conditions of deprivation or aversive stimulation.


mand

en-verb

mand (third-person singular simple present mands, present participle manding, simple past and past participle manded)

mands (present singular third-person)
manding (participle present)
manded (participle past)
manded (past)

(psychology) To produce a mand (verbal operant).


subitize

subitize (third-person singular simple present subitizes, present participle subitizing, simple past and past participle subitized)

subitizes (present singular third-person)
subitizing (participle present)
subitized (participle past)
subitized (past)

From Latin subitus (“sudden; unexpected”) + -ize, from the feeling of immediately knowing the number of items present.

af

Previous researchers have noted a similarity between the set sizes that adults can estimate rapidly, or subitize, and the set sizes that infants can discriminate: both are less than five items. This similarity has led some to suggest that subitizing is […]

2002, Kelly S. Mix, Janellen Huttenlocher, Susan Cohen Levine, Quantitative Development in Infancy and Early Childhood, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 47:

When students subitize, they know how many because the arrangement is familiar and/or friendly. While recent information about the benefits of teaching subitizing has surfaced (Clements, 1999), early use of the term appeared more than […]

2016, Jennifer Taylor-Cox, Math Intervention P–2: Building Number Power with Formative Assessments, Differentiation, and Games, Grades PreK–2, Routledge, →ISBN, page 52:

(transitive, intransitive, psychology) To judge (the number of objects in a group) rapidly, accurately and confidently without counting them.

subitiseren

to judge (the number of objects in a group)


purposive

en-adj

purposive (comparative more purposive, superlative most purposive)

more purposive (comparative)
most purposive (superlative)

From purpose + -ive. Compare purpositive.

Ursula could not believe the air in her nostrils. It seemed conscious, malevolent, purposive in its intense murderous coldness.

1920 November 9, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, chapter 29, in Women in Love, New York, N.Y.: Privately printed [by Thomas Seltzer] for subscribers only, →OCLC, page 453:

The question at once arises whether medieval thinkers really believed that what we now call inanimate objects were sentient and purposive.

1964, C. S. Lewis, chapter 5, in The Discarded Image, Cambridge University Press, page 93:

(psychology) Pertaining to purpose, as reflected in behaviour or mental activity.


hypostasis

en-noun

hypostasis (countable and uncountable, plural hypostases or hypostaseis)

hypostases (plural)
hypostaseis (plural)

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From Ecclesiastical Latin hypostasis, from Ancient Greek ὑπόστασις (hupóstasis, “sediment, foundation; substance, existence, essence”), from ὑπό (hupó, “under”) + στάσις (stásis, “standing”). Morphologically hypo- + -stasis.

bor

(philosophy) The underlying reality or substance of something.

(psychology) Referring to the hypostatic model of personality; i.e., asserting that humans present themselves in many different aspects or hypostases, depending on the internal and external realities they relate to, including different approaches to the study of personality.


subconscious

en-adj

subconscious (comparative more subconscious, superlative most subconscious)

more subconscious (comparative)
most subconscious (superlative)

The sense of smell can be a subconscious influence on our actions.

The “name-letter effect” refers to the subconscious bias that people have for the letters in their own name, and for their own initials in particular. They are more likely to choose careers, partners and brands that start with their initials (Joe becomes a joiner, marries Judy and loves Jaffa cakes).

2022 March 19, Bartleby [pseudonym], “Why loafing can be work”, in Economist, archived from the original on 2022-03-17:

(psychology, no longer in technical use) Occuring in the part of our mind that we are not normally aware of.


subconscious

en-noun

subconscious (usually uncountable, plural subconsciouses)

A person can sometimes wake up knowing the solution to a problem that their subconscious has been working on.

At a recent meeting of the Organisation for Human Brain Mapping, held in Brighton, England, they explained how brain-scanning has revealed differences in the ways that traumatised and healthy brains respond to the world. This enables researchers to peer into the subconscious of traumatised patients.

2001 June 21, “At the back of the mind”, in Economist, archived from the original on 2024-10-12:

(psychology) The part of the mind that we are not normally aware of.


orexis

From Latin orexis (“longing; appetite”), from Ancient Greek ὄρεξις (órexis, “desire”), from ὀρέγω (orégō, “I reach, stretch”).

A sweet orexis rising in his cock, a blush of fever mixing tickles in his balls, Adriaan slid his briefs off and began to lay out the makings for supper.

(psychology) The affective and conative character of mental activity as contrasted with its cognitive aspect; the appetitive aspect of an act; desire, appetite.


hyperkinetic

(neurology, pathology, psychiatry, psychology) Of, relating to, or affected with hyperkinesis or hyperactivity.

hyperkineettinen

of, relating to, or affected with hyperkinesis or hyperactivity


heuristics

From heuristic, from German heuristisch, from New Latin heuristicus by irregular formation from Ancient Greek εὑρίσκω (heurískō, “I discover”).

der

(psychology, by extension) Simple, efficient rules which people often use to form judgments and make decisions.


abreact

en-verb

abreact (third-person singular simple present abreacts, present participle abreacting, simple past and past participle abreacted)

abreacts (present singular third-person)
abreacting (participle present)
abreacted (participle past)
abreacted (past)

Partial calque of German abreagieren, from ab (“away from, off, down from”) + reagieren (“to react”).

The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles

Oxford University Press
w:Oxford University Press

(transitive, psychoanalysis) To eliminate previously repressed emotions by reliving past experiences.


psychophylaxis

(psychology) Mental hygiene; the development of healthy emotions, attitudes and behavior.


suppression

en-noun

suppression (countable and uncountable, plural suppressions)

(psychology) A process in which a person consciously excludes anxiety-producing thoughts, feelings, or memories.


flashback

→ German: Flashback

→ Spanish: flashback

→ Norwegian: flashback

→ Portuguese: flashback

Coordinate term: reminiscence

(psychology) A vivid mental image of a past trauma or other sensation that the trauma is happening in the present, especially one that recurs.

flaixbac

a vivid mental image of a past trauma, especially one that recurs


noesis

noesis (countable and uncountable, plural noeses)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek νόησις (nóēsis, “concept”, “idea”, “intelligence”, “understanding”), from νοεῖν (noeîn, “to intend”, “to perceive”, “to see”, “to understand”) (from νοῦς (noûs, “mind”, “thought”), from νόος (nóos)) + -σις (-sis), suffix forming nouns of action.

lbor

(psychology) Cognition, the functioning of intellect.


percept

Borrowed from Latin perceptum, neuter of perceptus (“perceived”), past participle of percipiō (“to perceive”); see perceive.

Whether it might not, in like manner, be proper to introduce the term percept for the object of perception, I shall not at present inquire.

1860, William Hamilton, Lectures in Metaphysics, III.3:

(philosophy, psychology, now rare) Something perceived; the object of perception.

I see an inkstand on the table: that is a percept. Moving my head, I get a different percept of the inkstand.

1901, Charles Sanders Peirce, Grammar of Science:

So far as in that world it is a stable feature, holds ink, marks paper and obeys the guidance of a hand, it is a physical pen. [...] So far as it is instable, on the contrary, coming and going with the movements of my eyes, altering with what I call my fancy, continuous with subsequent experiences of its ‘having been’ (in the past tense), it is the percept of a pen in my mind.

1905, William James, “How Two Minds Can Know One Thing”, in Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods:

Socrates remarks that when he is well he finds wine sweet, but when ill, sour. Here it is a change in the percipient that causes the change in the percept.

1946, Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy:

(philosophy, psychology, linguistics) A perceived object as it exists in the mind of someone perceiving it; the mental impression that is the result of perceiving something.


idiocy

en-noun

idiocy (countable and uncountable, plural idiocies)

From French idiotie, from Old French idiot. Displaced earlier idiotacy, idiotry. Equivalent to idiot + -cy.

intellectual disability
intellectual disability

(dated, psychology, now derogatory) The state or condition of being an idiot; the quality of having an intelligence level far below average; mental retardation; intellectual disability.


split personality

split personality (plural split personalities)

dissociative identity disorder
dissociative identity disorder

(psychology, slang) dissociative identity disorder.


agonic

Borrowed from French agonique (“possessing or filled with agony; agonous”), from agonie (“the moment just before death”) + -ique (suffix forming adjectives from nouns) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-kos (suffix forming adjectives denoting “the characteristic of, typical of, pertaining to”)). Agonie is ultimately derived from Ancient Greek ἀγωνίᾱ (agōníā, “agony, anguish”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- (“to drive”).

der

[I]n some primates, especially chimpanzees, the hedonic mode of social communication predominates group interactions. […] This is marked by much physical contact, stroking, hugging, lip smacking and sharing. The social interactions are more relaxed, as are the individual members of the group, and there is much focus on physical contact. This is in marked contrast to other more primitive primates, where the agonic mode dominates social behaviour.

1989, Paul Gilbert, “The Mapping of Human Nature”, in Human Nature and Suffering, Hove, East Sussex: Lawrence Erlbaum, →ISBN; classic edition, Abingdon, Oxon., New York, N.Y.: Routledge, 2017, →ISBN, page 52:

Through comparative study of the behavior of the higher primates and humans, Michael Chance (1988) distinguishes between agonic and hedonic forms of social organization. The agonic–hedonic distinction has two limitations which have led to its disuse in contemporary primatology. First, Chance and his collaborators have clung to the untenable generalization that monkey society is agonic and ape society hedonic. This oversimplifies the complexities of the social and emotional lives of both major kinds of primate species.

2007, Warren D. TenHouten, “The Sociorelational Approach to the Emotions: Four Elementary Forms of Sociality”, in A General Theory of Emotions and Social Life, Abingdon, Oxon., New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN, page 114:

Depictions of agonic displays, on the other hand, increased from the opening phase of the campaign to the debate period and then droped off as Election Day approached. The drop-off in the last stage of the campaign supports the expectation that expressive behavior would be more positive and less varied over time, with the added nuance that agonic displays increased in the debate period before tapering off.

2009, Maria Elizabeth Grabe, Erik Page Bucy, “Facing the Electorate”, in Image Bite Politics: News and the Visual Framing of Elections (Series in Political Psychology), New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 177:

Moreover, these essential rules form rigid boundaries separating "us" from "them," friends from enemies, as in [Carl] Schmitt's influential work, and are delineated within political relations described as agonic. Eschewing liberal bourgeois notions of politics as compromise exposes this agonic or polemical quality of the political.

2009, Christopher C. Robinson, “Theorizing as a Lived Experience: A Wittgensteinian Investigation”, in Wittgenstein and Political Theory: The View from Somewhere, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, →ISBN, page 34:

(psychology) Of a mode of social interaction based on threats, displays of power, or inducements of anxiety.


peripeteia

en-noun

peripeteia (countable and uncountable, plural peripeteias)

/pɛɹɪpɪˈtɪə/

/pɛɹɪpɪˈtaɪə/

/pɛɹɪpɪˈtiə/

/pɛɹɪpɪˈteɪə/

From Late Latin peripetia, and its source Ancient Greek περιπέτεια (peripéteia), from περιπίπτω (peripíptō, “to change suddenly”), from περί (perí, “round, around, about”) + the stem of πίπτω (píptō, “to fall”).

The visual moment whose consequences Freud began to ponder in the essay on the phallic stage has evolved into a peripeteia: "Some day or other it happens that the child whose own penis is such a proud possession obtains a sight of the genital parts of a little girl; he must then become convinced of the absence of a penis in a creature so like himeself. With this, however, the loss of his own penis becomes imaginable, and the threat of castration achieves its delayed effect."

1989, Elizabeth Abel, Virginia Woolf and the Fictions of Psychoanalysis, →ISBN, page 6:

(psychoanalysis) A turning point in psychosocial development.


mascot

Borrowed from French mascotte, from Occitan mascòta (“sortilege”), feminine diminutive of masca (“witch”), from Old Occitan masca, from Medieval Latin masca (“specter, nightmare”). More at mask.

der

(psychology) A personality type characterized by reliance on humor and positivity to wish away conflicts and attempt to defuse potentially violent situations.


epiphenomenon

en-noun

epiphenomenon (plural epiphenomena or (nonstandard) epiphenomenons)

epiphenomena (plural)
epiphenomenons (nonstandard plural)

/ˌɛpɪfəˈnɒmɪnən/

/ˌɛpəfəˈnɑməˌnɑn/

/ˌɛpɪfəˈnɒmɪnə/

/ˌɛpəfəˈnɑmənə/

PIE word
 *h₁epi
From epi- (prefix meaning ‘above, on, over; in addition to’) + phenomenon. Phenomenon is derived from Late Latin phaenomenon (“appearance”), Latin *phaenomenon (only attested in the plural form phaenomena), from Ancient Greek φαινόμενον (phainómenon, “thing that appears in one’s view; appearance; phenomenon”), a noun use of the neuter singular form of φαινόμενος (phainómenos), the present middle or passive participle of φαίνω (phaínō, “to cause to appear; to reveal, show, uncover; to expound”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to glow with light, to shine”).
The plural epiphenomena is derived from epi- + phenomena.

der

It is a necessary corollary of the view here advanced that in instinct as such consciousness is a mere epiphenomenon—a by-product, with no bearing whatever on the performance of the activity in so far as it is instinctive.

1894, C[onwy] Lloyd Morgan, “Instinct and Intelligence”, in Havelock Ellis, editor, An Introduction to Comparative Psychology (The Contemporary Science Series), London: Walter Scott, […], →OCLC, page 208:

According to this hypothesis, mind is a ‘collateral product’ of the physical, an ‘epiphænomenon’ accompanying, but never causally affecting, the physical series of phænomena.

1900 April, “Art. VIII.—Ward’s ‘Naturalism and Agnosticism.’ Naturalism and Agnosticism. The Gifford Lectures Delivered before the University of Aberdeen in the Years 1896–1989. By James Ward, […]. 2 vols. (London, 1899.) [book review]”, in The Church Quarterly Review, volume L, number XCIX, London: Spottiswoode & Co., →OCLC, page 133:

From the monistic standpoint there is a choice between two possible alternatives; either consciousness is a form of energy, like heat, etc., or it is merely a so-called epiphenomenon. […] It is essential to have a clear notion of what is meant by an epiphenomenon. […] It designates an accompanying incident of a process which is assumed to have no causal relation to the further development of the process. […] For many years I have tried to recognize some actual idea underneath the epiphenomenon hypothesis of consciousness, but it more and more seems clear to me that there is no idea at all, and that the hypothesis is an empty phrase, a subterfuge, which really amounts only to this—we can explain consciousness very easily by merely assuming that it does not require to be explained at all.

1902 August, Charles Sedgwick Minot, “The Problem of Consciousness in Its Biological Aspects”, in The Popular Science Monthly, volume LXL, number 4, New York, N.Y.: The Science Press, →OCLC, page 291:

(philosophy, psychology) A mental process or state that is an incidental by-product of physiological events in the brain or nervous system.

epifenomeno

metal process or state that is an incidental by-product of physiological events in the brain or nervous system


limerence

en-noun

limerence (countable and uncountable, plural limerences)

From arbitrary first element + -ence. Coined by American psychologist Dorothy Tennov in 1979 as an arbitrary euphonious replacement or alteration of amorance.

coin

I first used the term ‘amorance’ then changed it back to ‘limerence’ […]. It has no roots whatsoever. It looks nice. It works well in French. Take it from me it has no etymology whatsoever.

1977 September 11, Dorothy Tennov, The Observer:

When someone is under the spell of limerence, not even being rejected dampens down the madness.

2003 December 14, Andrew G Marshall, The Observer:

But limerence, lovely as it feels, is a time-limited event—it lasts about five years for most couples.

2010, Alyson Schafer, Breaking the Good mom Myth:

Limerence is a state of overwhelming and unexpected longing for emotional reciprocation from another human, known as a limerent object (LO), who is often perceived as perfect but unavailable.

2024 January 27, Amanda McCracken, The New York Times:

(psychology) An involuntary romantic infatuation with another person, especially combined with an overwhelming, obsessive need to have one's feelings reciprocated.


alloplastic

(psychology) Involving a subject changing the environment or situation rather than oneself.


abulia

en-noun

abulia (countable and uncountable, plural abulias)

From New Latin abūlia, from Ancient Greek ἀβουλία (aboulía, “irresolution”), from ἀ- (a-, “without”) + βουλή (boulḗ, “will”).

der

He felt without volition, plunged into a state of aboulia.

1969, John Fowles, The French Lieutenant's Woman:

His virginal modesty is a modern abulia.

(psychiatry) Absence of willpower or decisiveness, especially as a symptom of mental illness.


organismic

en-adj

organismic (comparative more organismic, superlative most organismic)

more organismic (comparative)
most organismic (superlative)

As a projection of the way people experienced daily life, organismic theory emphasized interdependence among the parts of the human body, subordination of individual to communal purposes in family, community, and state, and vital life permeating the cosmos to the lowliest stone.

1980, Carolyn Merchant, “Nature as Female”, in The Death of Nature:

(psychology) Of or relating to a family of holistic psychological theories that tend to stress the organization, unity, and integration of human beings expressed through each individual's inherent growth or developmental tendency.


autoplastic

(psychology) Involving a subject changing oneself rather than the environment or situation.


undinism

(psychology) Sexual arousal from urine or urination.


anal-retentive

anal-retentive (comparative more anal-retentive, superlative most anal-retentive)

more anal-retentive (comparative)
most anal-retentive (superlative)

From anal + retentive. First use appears c. 1936 in the writings of Marjorie Brierley.

Coordinate term: anal-expulsive

(psychology, Freudian) Preoccupied with achieving perfection, order and control and with collecting, possessing, and retaining objects.


acquisitiveness

en-noun

acquisitiveness (usually uncountable, plural acquisitivenesses)

Had she a little more of the organ of Acquisitiveness in her head—a little more of the love of property in her nature, she would take a good-sized sheet of paper and write plainly out, in her own queer but clear and legible hand, the story that has been narrated, the song that has been sung to her, and thus possess what she was enabled to create.

1849, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], “Two Lives”, in Shirley. A Tale. […], volume II, London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], →OCLC, page 266:

(phrenology) The faculty to which the phrenologists attribute the desire of acquiring and possessing.


epiphenomenal

en-adj

epiphenomenal (comparative more epiphenomenal, superlative most epiphenomenal)

more epiphenomenal (comparative)
most epiphenomenal (superlative)

/ˌɛpɪfɪˈnɒmɪnəl/

If qualia are epiphenomenal in the standard philosophical sense, their occurrence can't explain the way things happen (in the material world) since, by definition, things would happen exactly the same without them.

2002, Daniel Dennett, “‘Epiphenomenal’ Qualia?”, in Neil Campbell, editor, Mental Causation and the Metaphysics of Mind: A Reader, Broadview, page 211:

(philosophy, psychology) Of or pertaining to a mental process that occurs only as an incidental effect of electrical or chemical activity in the brain or nervous system.