alter ego

/ˈɔːl.təɹ iːɡəʊ/

From Latin alter ego (literally “other me”).

[…] a belief in the possibility of a man possessing an alter ego in the form of some animal such as a crocodile or a hippopotamus. It is believed that such a person's life is bound up with that of the animal to such an extent that, whatever affects the one produces a corresponding impression upon the other, and that if one dies the other must speedily do so too.

1897, Mary H. Kingsley, Travels in West Africa, page 538:

As one commentator has remarked, all the confusing old three-syllable names that used to index Chinese politics can now be forgotten — the names and their bearers have ceased to be of the slightest importance. In their place stands one man — a small, frail, volatile but tremendously energetic man — who oddly enough has become the alter ego of that powerful, sprawling, sleepy giant that is China.

1938, Robert Berkov, “China's Chiang”, in Strong Man of China: The Story of Chiang Kai-shek, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, page 1:

Ruffalo's turn as Bruce Banner and his angry green alter-ego has been widely praised. Avengers Assemble (titled The Avengers outside the UK) is on course to be one of the year's biggest films and has received strong reviews.

2012 May 1, Ben Child, “Mark Ruffalo gets green light to play Hulk in six-movie deal”, in the Guardian:

(psychology, psychiatry) An individual's alternate personality or persona; another self.

alter

one identity of a person with dissociative identity disorder


anankastic

en-adj

anankastic (comparative more anankastic, superlative most anankastic)

more anankastic (comparative)
most anankastic (superlative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀναγκαστικός (anankastikós), from ἀναγκάζω (anankázō, “to force, to compel”).

bor

ἀναγκαστικός

1991: ‘You’re a classic anal-retentive,’ he says, ‘tirelessly absorbed by minutiae, anankastic in the extreme – it’s lucky you have me to deal with the broad sweep of things, to do the abstract thinking.’ — Will Self, ‘Mono-Cellular’, The Quantity Theory of Insanity

(psychology) Characterised by compulsion; obsessive-compulsive.


anankastic

ἀναγκαστικός

Like many anankastics, he suffers from a disturbance in the capacity to act, which is revealed especially as an impediment to beginning something new and completing something.

2012, Matthew R. Broome, The Maudsley Reader in Phenomenological Psychiatry, page 235:

(psychology, rare) An obsessive-compulsive individual.


introversion

en-noun

introversion (usually uncountable, plural introversions)

/ɪntɹəʊˈvɜːʃən/

/ɪntɹəˈvəɹʒən/

/ɪntɹəˈvəɹʃən/

/ɪntɹoʊˈvəɹʃən/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-introversion.wav

From New Latin intrōversio, from intrōvertere (“to turn within”), from Classical Latin intro (“within”) and vertere (“to turn”). Equivalent to introvert + -sion.

...so that when in later life there occurs an introversion (in the sense of Jung), it consists of a harking back to regressive, reminiscent, infantile material.

1912, Trigant Burrow, "Conscious and Unconscious Mentation from the Psychoanalytic Viewpoint", Psychological Bulletin, No. 9, p. 159

I called the hysterical type the extraversion type and the psychasthénic type the introversion type.

1915, Carl Jung, “On Psychological Understanding”, in Journal of Abnormal Psychology, number 9, page 396:

Patients with this disease are at times completely withdrawn from the world around them and give the picture of the very extreme of introversion.

1955 March 19, Science News-Letter, page 185:

Eysenck has suggested the three dimensions of neuroticism, psychoticism and introversion-extraversion.

1964, John Michael Argyle, Psychology & Social Problems, page 75:

(psychology) A personality orientation towards the self and mental abstraction; behavior expressing such orientation.

內向 /内向

psychology: orientation towards the self and mental abstraction


agreeableness

agreeableness (countable and uncountable, plural agreeablenesses)

(psychology) A personality trait characterized by the adjectives kind, sympathetic, cooperative, warm and considerate.


institutionalized

en-adj

institutionalized (comparative more institutionalized, superlative most institutionalized)

more institutionalized (comparative)
most institutionalized (superlative)

(psychology) Having become dependent after a long time in, and unable to function outside of an institution, especially a prison.


multiplicity

en-noun

multiplicity (countable and uncountable, plural multiplicities)

(psychology) The condition whereby a person displays or experiences multiple distinct personalities or selves in one body.


confederate

So how do you win the imitation game? “Just be yourself,” a past confederate advises Christian. But what does it mean to “be yourself”?

2011 March 18, David Leavitt, “I Took the Turing Test”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(psychology) An actor who participates in a psychological experiment pretending to be a subject but in actuality working for the researcher.


eventuality

eventuality (countable and uncountable, plural eventualities)

Calque of French éventualité, eventual + -ity

(obsolete, phrenology) An individual's propensity to take notice of events, changes, or facts. [from 19th c.]


flooding

flooding (countable and uncountable, plural floodings)

(psychology, figurative) Emotional overwhelm sometimes leading to a primal state of rage or panic.

(psychology) A form of therapy that treats a phobia by suddenly exposing the patient to the object of the phobia, instead of approaching it gradually.


hebephrenia

hebephrenia (countable and uncountable, plural hebephrenias)

From Ancient Greek ἥβη (hḗbē, “youthful beauty”) (also Ἥβη (Hḗbē, “the goddess Hebe”)) + φρήν (phrḗn, “mind”).

uder

Sir: drinking is a problem without doubt: / Whether or not we like it, whether or not / The goddamn thing will put you on the spot / With heebiejeebies hebephrene or gout: / Or lumbago will set you tapping out / On brass ferrule to stool, to rest, to rot.

(clinical psychology) A form of schizophrenia characterised by inappropriate behaviour and emotional responses.


gelotology

/ˌd͡ʒɛləˈtɒləd͡ʒi/

/ˌd͡ʒɛləˈtɑləd͡ʒi/

From Ancient Greek γέλωτος (gélōtos) (the genitive of γέλως (gélōs, “laughter”)) + English -logy (suffix denoting the study of a particular subject), coined by the anthropologist and linguist Edith Trager with participation from the American psychiatrist William F. Fry, Jr. (1924–2014) in March 1964.

coinage

Let's not develop a cult of laughology (though the study of laughter in medicine has already been christened gelotology from the Greek root meaning "laughter.") Humor is an important and documented adjunct in the life of both the well and the unwell, but as a therapy it rarely can stand alone.

1996, Robert R. Cadmus, “Humor and Enhanced Well-being in the Later Years”, in Len Sperry, Harry Prosen, editors, Aging in the Twenty-first Century: A Developmental Perspective (Issues in Aging; 5; Garland Reference Library of Social Science; 1053), New York, N.Y., London: Garland Publishing, →ISBN, page 140:

One of the founders of gelotology (gelos is Greek for "laughter"), Stanford University professor William F. Fry, also experimented on himself in the early 1960s. He drew blood samples at regular intervals while watching Laurel and Hardy and other comedic movies and had the samples analyzed. He found that laughter enhanced the activity of certain immune system cells responsible for killing infectious pathogens.

2005 October 1, Charmaine Liebertz, “A Healthy Laugh”, in John Rennie, editor, Scientific American, New York, N.Y.: Springer Nature American, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-09-19:

Gelotology, the study of laughter, was established in the late 1960s in an effort to determine the possible physiological and psychological effects humor and laughter can have. One of the pioneers of Gelotology, William F. Fry, a Professor Emeritus at Stanford University, has done extensive research on the physiological benefits of laughter with very encouraging findings.

2013 November 29, Robert T. Muller, “LOL: How Laughter can Improve Your Health”, in Psychology Today, New York, N.Y.: Sussex Publishers, →ISSN, →OCLC:

(psychology, physiology) The study of humour and laughter, and its effects on the body.


gatekeeper

dissociative identity disorder
dissociative identity disorder

(psychology) In dissociative identity disorder, an aspect of the personality that controls access to the various identities.


geon

(psychology) Any of a group of basic geometric forms capable of being recognised as a component of a real object.


sublimation

en-noun

sublimation (countable and uncountable, plural sublimations)

From Middle English sublimacioun, sublimacion, from Medieval Latin sublīmātiō, from Latin sublīmō (“I raise, I elevate”, verb).
Synchronically, sublimate + -ion.

der

(psychology) The transformation of an impulse into something socially constructive.


burnout

en-noun

burnout (countable and uncountable, plural burnouts)

→ Dutch: burn-out

→ Finnish: burnout

→ German: Burn-out

Coordinate term: flameout

(psychology) The experience of long-term exhaustion and diminished interest, especially in one's career.


projective

Formed by the suffixation of prōiect- (the perfect passive participial stem of the Classical Latin prōiciō, whence the English verb project) with the English -ive, forming project + -ive; however, compare the post-Classical Latin prōiectīvus (“relating to purging”).

cog

The projectives suggested considerable difficulty with women and a conflict between sexual preoccupation and hostility.

1984, Lawrence A. Pervin, Personality: Theory and Research, →ISBN, page 322:

For example, using projectives as a psychometric technique allows one to compare a person's score with those from a normative group, or with those from some relevant clinic group, or with some other clinically important criterion (e.g., response to treatment).

2009, Paul J. Frick, Christopher T. Barry, Randy W. Kamphaus, Clinical Assessment of Child and Adolescent Personality and Behavior, →ISBN:

The unimpressive evidence for validity and operational problems related to projectives led Reilly and Chao to a pessimistic conclusion regarding projectives.

2012, Linda C. Wing, Bernard R. Gifford, Policy Issues in Employment Testing, →ISBN, page 174:

With its origins based in the field of psychology, projectives (also referred to as projective exercises or projective techniques) when used in qualitative research are fun "assignments" most often implemented during focus groups. Their goal is to elicit deeper, more visceral feelings from respondents -- about brands, products, concepts, advertising, and so on -- viewpoints that may go unmentioned when using more direct lines of inquiry.

2015, Paul Hackett, Qualitative Research Methods in Consumer Psychology, →ISBN:

(psychology) An assessment test that presents subjects with some sort of stimulus to which they react by projecting or imagining details.


inverted

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Among the Normans, everywhere, homosexuality was markedly prevalent; the spread of sodomy in France about the eleventh century is attributed to the Normans, and their coming seems to have rendered it at times almost fashionable, at all events at court. In England, William Rufus was undoubtedly inverted, as later on were Edward II, James I, and, perhaps, though not in so conspicuous a degree, William III.

1927, Havelock Ellis, Studies in the Psychology of Sex, volume 2:

(dated, psychology) Homosexual, in terms of the sexual inversion theory.


interventionism

en-noun

interventionism (countable and uncountable, plural interventionisms)

From French interventionnisme. By surface analysis, intervention + -ism.

surf

(psychology) The idea that a person develops cognition through explicit instruction by others, and not merely by being nurtured and allowed to develop individually.


retardation

en-noun

retardation (countable and uncountable, plural retardations)

Me and my friends used to feed LSD to this little retarded girl in our neighborhood and we'd lock arms around her and go "nightmare! Nightmare! Nightmare! Nightmare! Nightmare! Nightmare! Nightmare! Nightmare!" It actually cured her retardation.

2014, The Eric Andre Show, season 3, episode 6, Eric Andre (actor):

mental retardation
mental retardation#English

(psychology, dated, offensive) Ellipsis of mental retardation.


projector

/pɹəˈd͡ʒɛktɚ/

Partly from Latin projector (“person who throws away”); partly directly from project + -or.

der

Projectors attempt to get rid of unwanted feelings, only it does not work; they still experience the unwanted feelings […]

1982, The Gestalt Journal, volume 5, page 44:

(psychology) One who projects, or ascribes his/her own feelings to others.


intellectualize

en-verb

intellectualize (third-person singular simple present intellectualizes, present participle intellectualizing, simple past and past participle intellectualized)

intellectualizes (present singular third-person)
intellectualizing (participle present)
intellectualized (participle past)
intellectualized (past)

(US) To find a seemingly rational explanation for.

(psychology) To use (excessive) reasoning and rationalization to block out emotional stress and anxiety associated with painful or traumatic experiences.


psychogenic

/ˌsʌɪkɒ(ʊ)ˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/

(psychiatry) Originating from or caused by state of mind; having a psychological rather than a physiological cause.

psychogenní

originating from or caused by state of mind


receptive

en-adj

receptive (comparative more receptive, superlative most receptive)

more receptive (comparative)
most receptive (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-receptive.wav

From Late Middle English receptive, receptyue (“capable of receiving something; acting as a receptacle”), borrowed from Medieval Latin receptivus (“capable of receiving something”), from Latin receptus (“retaken, having been retaken; received, having been received”) + -īvus (suffix added to the perfect passive participial stems of verbs, forming a deverbal adjective meaning ‘doing; related to doing’). Receptus is the perfect passive participle of recipiō (“to regain possession, take back; to recapture; to receive; to accept, undertake”), from re- (prefix meaning ‘back, backwards; again’) + capiō (“to capture, catch, take; to take hold, take possession; to take on; to contain, hold; to occupy; to possess; to receive, take in; to comprehend, understand; to captivate, charm”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kap-, *keh₂p- (“to hold; to seize”)).

der

(neurology, psychology) Of, affecting, or pertaining to the understanding of language rather than its expression.


contemplative

en-adj

contemplative (comparative more contemplative, superlative most contemplative)

more contemplative (comparative)
most contemplative (superlative)

From Middle English contemplatyve, contemplatyf, from Old French contemplatif, from the participle stem of Latin contemplāre.

Coordinate term: precontemplative

(medicine, psychiatry) In a phase of mental activity in which one begins to recognize and acknowledge the maladaptiveness of someone's behavior (such as one's own, or that of a family member or friend); usually with reference to substance use.


unresolved

unresolved (comparative more unresolved, superlative most unresolved)

more unresolved (comparative)
most unresolved (superlative)

unresolved trauma

The psychotherapist encouraged patients to describe their unresolved emotional problems.

(psychology) Not yet processed or resolved.


selfhood

en-noun

selfhood (usually uncountable, plural selfhoods)

(philosophy, psychology) State of having a distinct identity, or being an individual distinct from others; individuality.


coping

From cope (sense 2), used in the sense "dress in a cope," "to cover."

(psychology) The process of managing taxing circumstances, expending effort to solve personal and interpersonal problems, and seeking to master, minimize, reduce or tolerate stress or conflict.

coping

the process of managing taxing circumstances, expending effort to solve personal and interpersonal problems, and seeking to master, minimize, reduce or tolerate stress or conflict.


neurasthenic

/ˌnʊɹəsˈθɛnɪk/

/ˌnjʊəɹəsˈθɛnɪk/

From neurasthenia + -ic or neur- + asthenia + -ic.

(medicine, psychiatry, dated) A person who has neurasthenia.


passivity

passivity (countable and uncountable, plural passivities)

From passive + -ity, from Latin passivitas.

(psychiatry) The belief that one's thoughts or actions are influenced or controlled by an external agent.


boanthropy

Many scholars have diagnosed Nebuchadnezzar's illness as a form of insania zoanthropica, such as boanthropy or lycanthropy, where a human being thinks himself or herself an ox or a wolf.

2001, Mark Mangano, Esther & Daniel, page 211:

(psychiatry) The delusion that one is an ox or cow.


anality

anality (countable and uncountable, plural analities)

If the relationship between Protestantism and repressed anality is so close, then anality loosed from repression can be powerful to the point of political […]

1980, Arthur Asa Berger, Film in Society, page 133:

It is important to note that not only anality, but also orality, causes pleasure […]

1994, Arleen B. Dallery, Transitions in Continental Philosophy, page 93:

no one has ever thought to praise him for the anality of his humor.

2003, Frank Krutnik, Richard Bradley, Hollywood Comedians: the Film Reader, page 79:

(psychoanalysis) The state of being anal.


agentic

en-adj

agentic (comparative more agentic, superlative most agentic)

more agentic (comparative)
most agentic (superlative)

Most individuals can be easily triggered to enter, and be comfortable in the agentic state.

Milgram (1974) suggested that one factor contributing to the maintenance of obedience was that the individual in the obedience situation entered into an agentic state, which involves a person's giving up his or her normal moral and ethical standards in favor of those of the authority figure.

2013, Kenneth S. Bordens, Irwin A. Horowitz, Social Psychology:

(psychology, by extension, of a psychological state of a person) That obeys authority (introduced in Milgram's theory).

If helping is a variation on the more general agentic theme of self-assertion and display, one might expect that power motivation would predict other forms of agentic striving in friendship experiences.

1985, Steve Duck, Daniel Perlman, Understanding Personal Relationships, page 98:

(psychology) Having to do with performance, or achieving status.

Billy was agentic in his learning and didn't only do what the teacher told him.

In agentic cognition the ego is a cognitive agent with tasks to accomplish.

2000, Tobin Hart, Peter L. Nelson, Kaisa Puhakka, Transpersonal Knowing: Exploring the Horizon of Consciousness, page 186:

Within this framework, with gender role self-perception conceptualized as independent of biological sex, the agentic construct includes characteristics such as goal-orientation, assertiveness, protectiveness, self-activation, and having the urge to master.

2006, Rodney A. Reynolds, Robert Woods, Jason D. Baker, Handbook of Research on Electronic Surveys and Measurements, page 367:

We have seen that the agentic self identifies values to be striven after, then makes decisions about which values/goals to pursue and then controls pursuit of those goals.

2011, Patrick McNamara, The Cognitive Neuropsychiatry of Parkinson's Disease, page 57:

A single, highly agentic AI system rapidly becomes superintelligent on all human tasks, in a world broadly similar to today. The objective function used to train the system (e.g. ‘maximise production’) doesn't push it to do what we really want, and the system's goals match the objective function.

2023, “From Turing's Speculations to an Academic Discipline: A History of AI Existential Safety”, in SJ Beard, Martin Rees, Catherine Richards, Clarissa Rios Rojas, editors, The Era of Global Risk: An Introduction to Existential Risk Studies, Open Book Publishers, →ISBN:

(psychology) Having agency; able to make independent decisions in pursuit of a goal.


reverse psychology

(psychology) The advocacy of one course of action in such a way as to persuade someone to take an opposite course.


space perception

(psychology) The awareness of the position, size, form, distance, and direction of an object, or of oneself


mood swing

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The worst thing about my wife's pregnancy was her awful mood swings.

(psychology) A rapid and extreme changing in mood, from excessively happy to desperately miserable.


cabin fever

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In the current sense coined or popularized in a novel of the same name in 1918. See cite below.

Some residents of Alaska suffer from cabin fever when they remain indoors throughout the long, snowy winters.

Just as the body fed too long upon meat becomes a prey to that horrid disease called scurvy, so the mind fed too long upon monotony succumbs to the insidious mental ailment which the West calls "cabin fever."

The novelty of a wilderness winter wore off. I began to suffer from cabin fever. I was so anxious to see someone that whenever I heard a car or truck motor, I jumped up on a chair to look out.

2004, Lois Olson, Meeting Him in the Wilderness: A True Story of Adventure and Faith, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 102:

(psychology) A condition of restlessness and irritability caused by being in a confined space.


claustrophobic

claustrophobic (comparative more claustrophobic, superlative most claustrophobic)

more claustrophobic (comparative)
most claustrophobic (superlative)

Using her hands like windshield wipers, she tried to flick snow away from her mouth. When she clawed at her chest and neck, the crumbs maddeningly slid back onto her face. She grew claustrophobic.

2012, John Branch, “Snow Fall : The Avalanche at Tunnel Creek”, in New York Time:

(psychology) Suffering from claustrophobia; being scared of being enclosed in a confined space.


executive ego function

en-noun

executive ego function (plural executive ego functions)

(psychology) The management of mental processes by the ego in order to meet an individual's needs


functionalism

functionalism (countable and uncountable, plural functionalisms)

/ˈfʌŋkʃənəlɪzəm/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-functionalism.wav

(psychology) A general school of thought that considers psychological phenomena in terms of their role in adaptation to the person's environment.


bipolar disorder

bipolar disorder (countable and uncountable, plural bipolar disorders)

An open study comparing response to lamotrigine in patients with rapid-cycling versus non-rapid-cycling bipolar disorder also indicated efficacy, with some evidence that rapid-cycling patients with more severe manic symptoms at the start of treatment respod less well (367).

2002, American Psychiatric Association, American Journal of Psychiatry: Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Patients with Bipolar Disorder (Revision), page 30:

It^([switching]) is a term frequently used with children with bipolar disorder who may experience switching of mood multiple times throughout the day.

2003, Jane Mountain, Bipolar Disorder: Insights for Recovery, page 102:

Bipolar disorder is diagnosed if your child experiences a manic or mixed episode or recurring episodes of both mania and depression that cannot be accounted for by other causes.

2008, Tracy Anglada, Sheryl Hakala, Childhood Bipolar Disorder Answer Book, page 32:

The rapid mood shifts that people with BPD^([borderline personality disorder]) experience often lead to their being misdiagnosed with bipolar disorder. It is important to make the distinction between the mood shifts that characterize BPD and those of bipolar disorder.

2010, Valerie Porr, Overcoming Borderline Personality Disorder, page 51:

(clinical psychology, psychiatry) A psychiatric diagnostic category, previously called manic depression, characterised by mood swings between great energy (mania) and clinical depression.

双極性障害

そうきょくせいしょうがい


manic depression

(clinical psychology, psychiatry, dated) A psychiatric diagnostic category, now called bipolar disorder, characterised by mood swings between great energy (manic) and clinical depression.


euthymia

From eu- + -thymia, from Ancient Greek εὖ (eû, “well”) + θυμός (thumós, “spiritedness”).

(psychology) A normal, nondepressed, reasonably positive mood; serenity


borderline personality disorder

borderline personality disorder (plural borderline personality disorders)

borderline personality disorders (plural)

(psychiatry) Behavior that borders both neurosis and psychosis.

(psychiatry, modern interpretation) A disorder characterized by extreme black and white thinking and instability in self-image and emotions.

邊緣性人格障礙 /边缘性人格障碍

bin¹ jyun⁴ sing³ jan⁴ gaak³ zoeng³ ngoi⁶

emotionally unstable personality disorder


delusional parasitosis

(psychiatry) A delusional disorder in which affected individuals experience uncontrolled hallucination in which they are infested with parasites, insects, or bugs.


anhedonic

en-adj

anhedonic (comparative more anhedonic, superlative most anhedonic)

more anhedonic (comparative)
most anhedonic (superlative)

Briefly, the anhedonic syndrome is manifested, first, by the disappearance or impairment of the appetite for food and drink and by failure to experience the corresponding satisfactions. [...] Thirdly, the appetite or desire for rest and the satisfaction of recuperation are also involved in the anhedonic syndrome.

1944, Abraham Myerson, Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, Chicago, Ill.: American Medical Association, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 497, column 1:

The anhedonic depressed child creates special problems. He or she is bored most of the time, as he or she does not derive normal levels of pleasure from things, and the breadth of pleasurable events is rduced. The anhedonic youngster seems just to go through the motions of treatment.

1990, Kevin D. Stark, “Implementation Issues in Treatment”, in Childhood Depression: School-based Intervention (The Guildford School Practitioner Series), New York, N.Y.: Guilford Press, →ISBN, page 104:

Students are aware that if they don't attend for weeks on end, and/or they don't produce any work, they will not face meaningful sanction. They typically respond to this freedom not by pursuing projects but by falling into hedonic (or anhedonic) lassitude: the soft narcosis, the comfort food oblivion of Playstation,^([sic]) all-night TV and marijuana.

2009, Mark Fisher, “Reflexive Impotence, Immobilization and Liberal Communism”, in Capitalist Realism: Is There No Alternative?, Ropley, Hampshire: O Books, John Hunt Publishing, →ISBN, page 23:

Longing, officious, anhedonic, pleading. Anna tried to make a list of every mood she'd ever been in but ran out of words before even half of her feelings were named.

2015, Jill Alexander Essbaum, Hausfrau: A Novel, New York, N.Y.: Random House, →ISBN, page 123:

(psychiatry, also figuratively) Showing anhedonia; having no capacity to feel pleasure.


anhedonic

[P]hysical anhedonics may not pay attention to tone stimuli (and therefore do not give SC [skin conductance] responses) because such subjects are identified on the basis of lacking pleasure and interest in physical events. As such, nonresponding in physical anhedonics may indicate validity for the way physical anhedonia is measured, but may not reflect a factor of etiologic significance.

1995, Adrian Raine, Todd Lencz, Deana S. Benishay, “Schizotypal Personality and Skin Conductance Orienting”, in Adrian Raine, Todd Lencz, Sarnoff A. Mednick, editors, Schizotypal Personality, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, part III (Assessment), page 231:

The anhedonic can still speak about happiness and meaning et al., but she has become incapable of feeling anything in them, of understanding anything about them, of hoping anything about them, or of believing them to exist as anything more than concepts. Everything has become an outline of the thing. Objects become schemata. The world becomes a map of the world. An anhedonic can navigate, but has no location. I.e. the anhedonic becomes, in the lingo of Boston AA, Unable To Identify.

1996, David Foster Wallace, Infinite Jest […], Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN, page 693:

An anhedonic who impulsively seeks out social contact with others may be actin in response to his mental condition, but he tends to be less beholden to his condition during the process of actual socialization itself. [...] While an anhedonic will typically be shy and less than the center of any gathering, a manic can often be charming, talkative, and charismatic, with the hallmark that the self-aggrandizement is often tinged with delusions and distortions.

2014, David Coleman, “1980s–1990s: The Burgeoning Diversity of Depressive Expressionism”, in The Bipolar Express: Manic Depression and the Movies, Lanham, Md., Plymouth, Devon: Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, pages 216–217:

(psychiatry) A person who has anhedonia.


symbolization

en-noun

symbolization (countable and uncountable, plural symbolizations)

From symbol + -ization or symbolize + -ation.

(psychology) The unconscious mental representation of one thing by another.


PCP

PCP (countable and uncountable, plural PCPs)

personal construct psychology
personal construct psychology#English

(psychology) Initialism of personal construct psychology.


mid-life crisis

mid-life crisis (plural mid-life crises)

Though we prefer the word "transition" in naming this period, our view of it owes much to his. The Mid-life Transition may be rather mild. When it involves considerable turmoil and disruption, we speak of a mid-life crisis.

1978, Daniel J. Levinson, The Seasons of a Man's Life, Ballantine Books, →ISBN, page 26:

(psychology) An emotional period of doubt and anxiety sometimes experienced by middle-aged people who realize that their life is already half over.


pulsion

Borrowed from French pulsion, from Latin pulsio.

(psychoanalysis) A subconscious drive or impulse.


death wish

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Does Trump suffer from some kind of political death wish? If so, we must hope his fall comes quickly. It is hard to think of any precedent for such a calamitous display of insensitivity, historical ignorance and uncomprehending political stupidity.

2017 August 20, “The Observer view on Donald Trump’s presidency”, in The Observer:

Wait, Kris! What the HELL was that!??!?! Why would NOELLE?? Ask ME?? To do HOMEWORK?? With HER?!?? Deathwish much? Does she WANNA fail?

2021 September 17, Toby Fox, Deltarune, Windows, level/area: Chapter 2:

"I reiterate: outside is death." Brenda squeezed her hand. "You won't make it far by yourself."

2023 September 24, HarryBlank, “Working Wonders”, in SCP Foundation, archived from the original on 2024-05-25:

(psychology, often sarcastic) A desire, especially subconscious, for the death of oneself or of someone else.

تَمَنِي اَلْمَوْت

desire for the death of oneself or of someone else


biofeedback

biofeedback (countable and uncountable, plural biofeedbacks)

→ Italian: biofeedback

→ Polish: biofeedback

From bio- + feedback. First appears c. 1970 in the Journal of Transpersonal Psychology.

Biotics must develop conscious control over their nervous systems, sending specific electrical impulses to the element zero nodules embedded in their nerves. They are taught to use their implants and amps with biofeedback devices and physical mnemonics. Specific gestures or muscle movements fire the proper sequence of nerves to activate a certain skill.

2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Biotics: Training Codex entry:

(psychology, psychiatry, physiology) A technique of gaining greater awareness of the many physiological functions of one's own body by using electronic or other instruments, and with the goal of being able to manipulate the body's systems at will.

Journal of Transpersonal Psychology
biofeedback

biobalikan

measuring a person's bodily functions and conveying the information to the person in real-time


imprinting

imprinting (countable and uncountable, plural imprintings)

(psychology, ethology) Any kind of phase-sensitive learning (learning occurring at a particular age or a particular life stage) that is rapid and apparently independent of the consequences of behavior.


repression

repression (countable and uncountable, plural repressions)

(psychology) The involuntary rejection from consciousness of painful or disagreeable ideas, memories, feelings, or impulses.

поти́скане

psychology: involuntary rejection from consciousness


maladaptive

en-adj

maladaptive (comparative more maladaptive, superlative most maladaptive)

more maladaptive (comparative)
most maladaptive (superlative)

adaptive

antonym(s) of “showing inadequate adaptation”

It seemed likely that in the apparently maladaptive responses of workers to computer-based technology (what many called “resistance to change”), it would be possible to trace a lineage of ordinary assumptions that referred back to the realities of the past and their points of disjuncture with the future.

1988, Shoshana Zuboff, In the Age of the Smart Machine, New York: Basic Books, page xiv:

The learned helplessness explanation of sex differences in depression would be supported if it was shown that a greater degree of uncontrollability and a more maladaptive explanatory style in women account for any sex differences observed in depression in the sample.

1989, Susan Nolen-Hoeksema, “Sex Differences in Unipolar Depression: Evidence and Theory”, in Jill M. Hooley, John M. Neale, Gerald C. Davison, editors, Readings in Abnormal Psychology, page 234:

An individual's functioning can be conceptualized on a continuum, with one end being more adaptive and healthy and the other end being more maladaptive and less healthy.

2013, Len Sperry, Behavioral Health: Integrating Individual and Family Interventions in the Treatment of Medical Conditions, page 21:

Some programmatic responses to power issues are more maladaptive for particular clients, such as women, because they affect their role expectations.

2013, Edith M. Freeman, Substance Abuse Intervention, Prevention, Rehabilitation, and Systems Change Strategies, page 44:

Yet, generalizing the western culture view on autism among all cultures can be maladaptive (Ma et al., 2021). The view of some ASD behaviors, like lack of communication, can be generalized for all cultures. Having an ASD official diagnosis is based on observing ASD atypical behaviors. However, these ASD atypical behaviors are considered atypical depending on the Western cultural view.

2023 April 13, Omniah AlQahtani, Maria Efstratopoulou, “The UAE and Gulf Countries’ Cultural Characteristics and Their Influence on Autism”, in Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, →DOI:

(psychology, chiefly of behaviour) Showing inadequate or counterproductive mental and behavioral adaptation to a new situation.

The mismatch is the result of an adaptive lag that occurs when the environment that produced an evolved mechanism changes more rapidly than the time it takes for the mechanism to adapt to the change. This theory posits that many of the physical and psychological traits that were originally selected for because they were at the time advantageous for survival and reproduction may not only no longer be useful but can even be maladaptive.

2022 October 25, L. J. Shrum, Elena Fumagalli, Tina M. Lowrey, “Coping with loneliness through consumption”, in Journal of Consumer Psychology, volume 33, number 2, →DOI, page 458:

(evolution, of anatomy, physiology, or behavior) Showing inadequate or counterproductive evolutionary adaptation to an environment or its changes.


externalize

en-verb

externalize (third-person singular simple present externalizes, present participle externalizing, simple past and past participle externalized)

externalizes (present singular third-person)
externalizing (participle present)
externalized (participle past)
externalized (past)

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(psychology) To attribute emotions etc to external circumstances; to project


Spock

(popular psychology) A person or character like a Star Trek Vulcan; someone resembling Star Trek's character Spock.


identitarianism

en-noun

identitarianism (countable and uncountable, plural identitarianisms)

(psychology) The set of ideas arising from an ontology of identity.


vicarious reinforcement

vicarious reinforcement (countable and uncountable, plural vicarious reinforcements)

(psychology) A form of learning process that occurs when someone observes others receive positive consequences for a behavior and then imitates that behavior themselves.


preconscious

(psychology) (of memories) that one is not aware of, but which can be recalled through conscious effort


recept

From Latin receptum (“thing received”), neuter singular of receptus, perfect passive participle of recipiō (“take back; receive”). Doublet of receipt.
Coined by G.J. Romanes in 1888.

(psychology) An idea that is formed by the repetition of percepts.


idée fixe

Borrowed from French idée fixe (literally “fixed idea”).

bor

“There is the condition which the modern French psychologists have called the ‘idée fixe,’ which may be trifling in character, and accompanied by complete sanity in every other way. A man who had read deeply about Napoleon, or who had possibly received some hereditary family injury through the great war, might conceivably form such an ‘idée fixe’ and under its influence be capable of any fantastic outrage.”

1904 April 30, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “The Adventure of the Six Napoleons”, in The Return of Sherlock Holmes, New York, N.Y.: McClure, Phillips & Co., published February 1905, →OCLC, page 212:

[“]A foreign policy of domination through spiritual means is [Jorane Sutt’s] idée fixe, but it’s my notion that his ultimate aims aren’t spiritual.[”]

1951, Isaac Asimov, Foundation (1974 Panther Books Ltd publication), part V: “The Merchant Princes”, chapter 13, page 171, ¶ 13

The sage's solitary fantisizings about the heavens have turned monstrous, his yearnings for knowledge have swollen into idées fixes

2003, Roy Porter, Flesh in the Age of Reason, Penguin, published 2004, page 182:

His conclusion though is illuminating, and established a theme that was to concern him for the next forty years of his life, becoming the idée fixe of works such as The Ghost in the Machine, The Act of Creation and the Roots of Coincidence.

2009, Gary Clark, Quadrant, November 2009, No. 461 (Volume LIII, Number 11), Quadrant Magazine Limited, page 9

(psychology) An idea dominating the mind and maintained despite evidence to the contrary; (loosely), an obsession.


homology

en-noun

homology (countable and uncountable, plural homologies)

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Henri Poincaré
Homology
MathWorld
singular homology

From homo- + -logy.
In topology, first used by French polymath Henri Poincaré, in the sense (close to what is now called a bordism) of a relation between manifolds mapped into a reference manifold: that is, the property of such manifolds that they form the boundary of a higher-dimensional manifold inside the reference manifold. Poincaré's version was eventually replaced by the more general singular homology, which is what mathematicians now mean by homology.

homologia

biology, psychology: relationship of having a common evolutionary or developmental origin

Coordinate term: homomorphism

2000, Julie A. Hawkins, Chapter 2: A survey of primary homology assessment, Robert Scotland, R. Toby Pennington (editors), Homology and Systematics, Taylor & Francis, The Systematics Association, page 22,
The objective of this study is to classify approaches to primary homology assessment, and to quantify the extent to which different approaches are found in the literature by examining variation in the ways characters are defined and coded in a data matrix.

The relationship of being homologous; a homologous relationship.

(biology, psychology) The relationship, between characteristics or behaviours, of having a shared evolutionary or developmental origin;

The relationship, between characteristics or behaviours, of having a shared evolutionary or developmental origin;
(evolutionary theory) specifically, a correspondence between structures in separate life forms having a common evolutionary origin, such as that between mammalian flippers and hands.


defusion

defusion (countable and uncountable, plural defusions)

[…] acceptance involves deliteralization: the defusion of the derived relations and functions of events from the direct functions of these events.

1994, Steven C. Hayes, Content, context, and the types of psychological acceptance, Context Press, →ISBN, page 31:

(psychology, neologism) The separation of an emotion or behavior-provoking verbal stimulus from the unwanted emotional or behavioral response as part of a therapeutic process. A neologism meant to indicate the reversal of thought-emotion-action fusion.


NLP

neuro-linguistic psychotherapy
neuro-linguistic psychotherapy#English

(psychology) Initialism of neuro-linguistic psychotherapy.


well-adjusted

en-adj

well-adjusted (comparative more well-adjusted, superlative most well-adjusted)

more well-adjusted (comparative)
most well-adjusted (superlative)

(psychology) Free from any psychological disorder.


scotomization

en-noun

scotomization (usually uncountable, plural scotomizations)

The word was borrowed from the word scotoma (blind spot) by psychiatrists in the 1920s.

(psychology) According to some psychoanalytic theories, the mental ability to delete and forget a trauma or overwhelming event.


schizoid

From schizo(phrenia)- + -oid, from German, from Ancient Greek σχίζω (skhízō, “to split”) and εἶδος (eîdos, “form, likeness”).

der

schizoid personality disorder
schizoid personality disorder

(psychiatry) someone with schizoid personality disorder


shutdown

en-noun

shutdown (countable and uncountable, plural shutdowns)

→ Japanese: シャットダウン (shattodaun)

→ Russian: шатда́ун (šatdáun)

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I retreated into myself and allowed myself to be swallowed into a typically autistic shutdown.

2018, Laura James, Odd Girl Out: My Extraordinary Autistic Life, unnumbered page:

I may even reach the point where I have an autistic shutdown, which means I'll be unable to communicate, interact or socialize.

2020, Siena Castellon, The Spectrum Girl's Survival Guide: How to Grow Up Awesome and Autistic, page 34:

Their [autistic girls'] distress could come out in all sorts of ways and result in meltdown or shutdown.

2021, Carly Jones, Safeguarding Autistic Girls: Strategies for Professionals, pages 61–62:

(psychology, autism) An autistic response to stress or sensory overload, in which the individual freezes up and becomes silent, motionless, and unresponsive.

mutismo

reciprocation that renders the other person wordless


mind game

Denmark coach Morten Olsen's pre-match warning that the Netherlands were simply better than his side could easily have been dismissed as mind games.

2012 June 9, Owen Phillips, “Euro 2012: Netherlands 0-1 Denmark”, in BBC Sport:

Your mind games hit like grenades

2013, “Choose Your Battles”, in Prism, performed by Katy Perry:

(psychology) An attempt at psychological manipulation against someone, in order to confuse them.


pedophobia

Children embarrass us because they point ever too cleverly and clearly to our denial of personal, material, and maternal history. This accounts, in part, for academia's pedophobia and the hush-hush we maintain about parenting.

1998, Michael Rectenwald, “Reading around the Kids”, in Constance Coiner, Diana Hume George, The Family Track: Keeping Your Faculties While You Mentor, Nurture, Teach, and Serve, page 112:

In 1997, Mariemont asked her to teach at the elementary school, but she said she could not do so because of her pedophobia.

2015 February 11, Raymond Kethledge writing for the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals in Waltherr-Willard v. Mariemont City Schools, case 14-3168

(psychology, rare) An irrational, obsessive fear or dislike of children.


womb envy

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(psychology) The alleged unconscious desire of a man to possess a womb.


vagina envy

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(psychology, rare) The theoretic counterpart to penis envy; the alleged unconscious desire of a man to possess a vagina.


perseveration

perseveration (countable and uncountable, plural perseverations)

/pəˌsɛvəˈɹeɪʃən/

/pɚˌsɛvəˈɹeɪʃən/

(psychology) An uncontrollable repetition of a particular response, such as a word, phrase, or gesture, despite the absence or cessation of a stimulus, usually caused by a brain injury or other organic disorder.

(psychology) The tendency to continue or repeat an act or activity after the cessation of the original stimulus.


field theory

field theory (countable and uncountable, plural field theories)

(psychology) A theory which examines patterns of interaction between individuals and their environment.


overdetermined

en-adj

overdetermined (comparative more overdetermined, superlative most overdetermined)

more overdetermined (comparative)
most overdetermined (superlative)

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(usually psychoanalysis) Determined by multiple causes in such a way that any of the causes on its own would be sufficient to account for the effect.


inkblot

Look, I know that I have to do this, and I'll cooperate, and I'll look at your inkblots and everything, but I don't wanna talk about my life or my childhood or... anything, for that matter, actually.

1998, Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV, episode 3.04)

(psychology) Any of the pictures used as stimuli in the Rorschach inkblot test.


catastrophize

en-verb

catastrophize (third-person singular simple present catastrophizes, present participle catastrophizing, simple past and past participle catastrophized)

catastrophizes (present singular third-person)
catastrophizing (participle present)
catastrophized (participle past)
catastrophized (past)

Particularly likely to overreact are those who tend to catastrophize (Ellis, 1962) and those who have Type A personalities (Friedman & Rosenman, 1974).

1947, Tavistock Institute of Human Relations, University of Michigan Research Center for Group Dynamics, Human Relations:

Another way to catastrophize is to jump to an extreme conclusion from an unimportant or irrelevant event.

2001, David H. Barlow, Clinical Handbook of Psychological Disorders:

[I]ndividuals who catastrophized reported worse health-related quality of life, higher psychological distress, and perceived more somatic symptoms, worse consequences, and more severe emotional impact as compared to those participants who did not catastrophize.

2017, LeeAnne B. Sherwin, Emily Leary, Wendy A. Henderson, “The association of catastrophizing with quality-of-life outcomes in patients with irritable bowel syndrome”, in Quality of Life Research, volume 26, number 8, →DOI:

(transitive, intransitive, psychology) To expose a behaviour pattern of seeking worst interpretation and magnifying disagreeable outcomes (of).


socialization

en-noun

socialization (countable and uncountable, plural socializations)

From socialize + -ation or social + -ization.

Socialization skills are important things to learn in kindergarten.

(sociology, psychology) The process of learning how to live in a way acceptable to one's own society, said especially about children.

общуване

sociology: the process of learning one’s culture


token economy

operant conditioning
operant conditioning

(psychology, psychiatry) A system of behavior modification based on the principles of operant conditioning; patients are rewarded with tokens (reinforcers) for engaging in desirable activities.


constructiveness

(phrenology) Creativity, the capacity to invent.


self-awareness

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From self- + awareness. Also equivalent to self-aware + -ness, though attested earlier.

(psychology) A personal trait regarding someone's ability to persistently and accurately perceive their presence amongst other people, and their own knowledge and abilities.


mirroring

(psychology) The behavior in which one person consciously or subconsciously imitates the gesture, speech pattern, or attitude of another.


clanging

clanging (countable and uncountable, plural clangings)

(psychology, psychiatry) A mode of speech (or writing) characterized by compulsive association of words based upon sound rather than meaning.


attributional complexity

attributional complexity (plural attributional complexities)

Do beliefs and attributional complexity influence age-differences in the correspondence bias? [article title]

2006, Horhota, M., & Blanchard-Fields, F., “Do beliefs and attributional complexity influence age-differences in the correspondence bias?” in Social Cognition, volume 24, number 3, pages 310-337

(psychology) An individual difference (can be thought of as a personality variable) referring to the extent that a person prefers complex explanations for behavior.


situative

en-adj

situative (comparative more situative, superlative most situative)

more situative (comparative)
most situative (superlative)

(psychology) Occurring in relation to a specific situation.


cutoff

(psychology, medicine) Designating a score or value demarcating the presence (or absence) of a disease, condition, or similar.


derailment

en-noun

derailment (countable and uncountable, plural derailments)

(psychiatry) A pattern of discourse (in speech or writing) that is a sequence of unrelated or only remotely related ideas.


bicameralism

bicameralism (usually uncountable, plural bicameralisms)

desc

бикамерали́зм

Russian: бикамерали́зм m (bikameralízm)

1978, Edward Proffitt, "Romanticism, Bicamerality, and the Evolution of the Brain", The Wordsworth Circle, Vol. 9, No.1, reprinted with permission in Kuijsten, 2016, page 134.
Coleridge...could not revert to bicameralism either.

As a result of this bicameralism, they were not conscious as we are today, and had no unified sense of self.

2016, Susan G. Josephson, From Idolatry to Advertising: Visual Art and Contemporary Culture, →ISBN:

"...the evidence for bicameralism in early China." p. 2
"...to elucidate the evidence for bicameralism and the transition to consciousness..." p. 3
"...presents detailed evidence for bicameralism and the development of consciousness..." p. 14

2016, Marcel Kuijsten, Gods, Voices, Julian Jaynes and the Bicameral Mind: The Theories of Julian Jaynes, (Introduction)

(psychology) Ambiguous misnomer for Julian Jaynes's theory of bicamerality, probably never used by Jaynes, rarely used in academic literature based on his work, but often found informally (compare bicameral mind and bicameral mentality)


Skinnerian

(psychology) A person who endorses the behavioristic tradition of B. F. Skinner, that is, psychology should study the conditions under which behavior occurs, and that behavior is observable and measurable, as are the environmental conditions that control it.

skinneriano

endorser of B. F. Skinner’s behaviorist psychology


Skinnerian

en-adj

Skinnerian (comparative more Skinnerian, superlative most Skinnerian)

more Skinnerian (comparative)
most Skinnerian (superlative)

(psychology) Of or pertaining to the methods and theories of B. F. Skinner

skinneriano

of or pertaining to the methods and theories of B. F. Skinner


echoic memory

en-noun

echoic memory (countable and uncountable, plural echoic memories)

(psychology) A type of sensory memory that briefly holds audio information for about 4 seconds.


alimentiveness

George Combe
Johann Spurzheim
The Lancet

1828, George Combe, from a German [Term?] term coined by Johann Spurzheim.

(phrenology, obsolete) The instinct or faculty of appetite for food.


amativeness

Combe felt her bumps and pronounced that she had an unusually large cerebellum, the seat of Amativeness.

2012, Catherine Peters, “Court in the Act”, in Literary Review, number 399:

(phrenology) The state or quality of being amative; propensity to love or sexual feelings.


metamerism

metamerism (usually uncountable, plural metamerisms)

From μετά (metá, “among”) + μερισμός (merismós, “rationing”) (< μέρος (méros, “part”) + -ισμός (-ismós, “-ism”)).

(psychology) The matching of a perceived attribute between objects with differing physical attributes.

(colorimetry) The matching of apparent color of objects with different spectral power distributions.


percipient

en-adj

percipient (comparative more percipient, superlative most percipient)

more percipient (comparative)
most percipient (superlative)

From Latin percipiēns, present participle of percipiō (“to perceive”).

(psychology, education, dated) Perceiving events only in the moment, without reflection, as a very young child.


percipient

As anatomy, physiology and, later, psychology have developed into more or less well-organized sciences, they have necessarily and rightly come to incorporate the study of, among other things, the structures, mechanisms, and functionings of animal and human bodies qua percipient.

1954: Gilbert Ryle, Dilemmas: The Tarner Lectures, 1953, dilemma vii: Perception, page 99 (The Syndics of the Cambridge University Press)

(philosophy, psychology) One who perceives something.


primal scene

Calque of German Urszene. Coined by Sigmund Freud in 1914.

1983, William J. Kerrigan, The Sacred Complex: On the Psychogenesis of Paradise Lost, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, page 164,
The primal scene is the site at which the issues of ego differentiation become translated into the issues of the oedipus complex.

1989, Andrew Samuels, The Plural Psyche:: Personality, Morality, and the Father, Routledge, →ISBN, page 123,
The father's presence and image, together with those of the mother, form the raw material of the primal scene.

1995, Joel Whitebook, Perversion and Utopia: a study in psychoanalysis and critical theory, MIT Press, →ISBN, page 51,
She argues that perverse sexual activity constitutes an attempt to restage the primal scene in such a way as to eliminate its traumatic aspects.

Jeffrey Beaumont’s interslat voyeurism may be a sick parody of the Primal Scene, but neither he (a “college boy”) nor anybody else in the movie ever shows any inclination to say anything like “Gee, this is sort of like a sick parody of the good old Primal Scene” or even betrays any awareness that a lot of what’s going on is—both symbolically and psychoanalytically—heavy as hell.

1997, David Foster Wallace, “David Lynch keeps his head”, in A Supposedly Fun Thing I'll Never Do Again, Kindle edition, Little, Brown Book Group:

(psychoanalysis) In Freudian theory, the first time a child witnesses (and understands) his or her parents copulating.

primalscene

in Freudian theory, the first time a child witnesses (and understands) its parents copulating


Reichian

A shocking Riechian ^([sic]) look at how repressed and thwarted sexuality manifests itself in fascist politics.

1991 April 6, Michael Bronski, “Spanning the Years”, in Gay Community News, page 7:

(psychoanalysis) Relating to or influenced by the Austrian psychiatrist Wilhelm Reich (1897-1957) and his therapeutic methods.

reichiansk

relating to or influenced by the Austrian psychiatrist Wilhelm Reich


Reichian

(psychoanalysis) A follower of Reich or his methods.


paranoid schizophrenia

en-noun

paranoid schizophrenia (usually uncountable, plural paranoid schizophrenias)

(psychiatry) A form of schizophrenia that is accompanied by delusions, either of persecution, grandeur or jealousy.

параноідная шызафрэнія

form of schizophrenia accompanied by delusions


mentalese

mentalese (usually uncountable, plural mentaleses)

From mental + -ese (suffix forming adjectives and nouns describing, among other things, languages).

suffix

The concept of a proposition as something that can be expressed by sentences in both Mentalese and, say, English is an analogical extension of the concept of a proposition as something that can be expressed by sentences in both English and German.

1964 November 12, Wilfrid Sellars, “Notes on Intentionality”, in The Journal of Philosophy, volume LXI, number 21, New York, N.Y.: The Journal of Philosophy, →DOI, →ISSN, →JSTOR, →OCLC, page 657:

Translationists are said to treat the coding of thoughts in ‘Mentalese’, whose structure is already known, into a natural language, just like translating a natural language, say Russian, in terms of another known language, say English (G 282). Incorporationists point out the circularity of (36b) because Mentalese, supposed to be intrinsically intelligible, is just English or some other variety of a natural language, and the translation maneuver only postpones the problem, [...]

1977, P. G. Patel, “The Left Parieto-temporo-occipital Junction, Semantic Aphasia and Language Development around Age Seven”, in Linguistics: An Interdisciplinary Journal of the Language Sciences, volume 15, number 196, Berlin, New York, N.Y.: Mouton de Gruyter, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 45:

But where does mentalese come from? If it is learned, then what is it related to in the preceding mentaleses? To avoid endless regress, [Jerry] Fodor postulates an internal language that is innate, a claim that he himself calls "horrendous" and "scandalous," yet inescapable.

1979, Gavriel Salomon, “Cultivation of Mental Skills through Symbolic Forms”, in Interaction of Media, Cognition, and Learning: An Exploration of how Symbolic Forms Cultivate Mental Skills and Affect Knowledge Acquisition (Jossey-Bass Social and Behavioral Science Series), San Francisco, Calif.: Jossey-Bass Publishers, →ISBN; republished Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1994 (2009 printing), →ISBN, page 121:

[A]re natural languages merely vehicles for the communication of mentalese? Or does language itself play a role in the formation of our thought? The question is called critical, since a positive response to the latter (language does play a role) would call into question the assumption that all meaning is reducible to mentalese.

1990, Patrick de Gramont, “The Problem of Representation”, in Language and the Distortion of Meaning (Psychoanalytic Crosscurrents), New York, N.Y., London: New York University Press, →ISBN, page 53:

One suggestion is that there is a de facto correlation between words or sentences of natural language and expressions of mentalese and between the logical relations among the former and the causal relations among the latter. This is a curious idea. The alleged correlation is not empirically grounded.

1990, Peter A. French, Theodore Edward Uehling, Howard K. Wettstein, editors, The Philosophy of the Human Sciences (Midwest Studies in Philosophy; XV), Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 446:

[I]t is probably misleading to talk about the language of thought, or to talk about ‘Mentalese’, as if it were a single representational system. We should more properly, in the context of a thesis of massive mental modularity, talk about languages of thought, or Mentaleses.

2006, Peter Carruthers, “The Case for Massively Modular Models of Mind”, in The Architecture of the Mind: Massive Modularity and the Flexibility of Thought, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, section 6 (The Argument from Computational Tractability), page 51:

[Jerry] Fodor's position stems from his theory, first articulated in The Language of Thought, that there is a type of internal system of representation contained within the human mind out of which thoughts are formed, similarly to the way sentences are formed out of individual words, a "language" which he refers to as "mentalese." Our concepts are the units out of which mentalese constructs thoughts. [...] Importantly, mentalese must be sufficiently rich to enable us to utilize it to learn the natural language of our birth, and we must have this type of system of representation prior to any development of natural language.

2014, Gabriel Keehn, “Does the Theory of Recollection Preclude Learning?: A New Dimension to Platonic Nativism”, in Chris Higgins, editor, Philosophy of Education, Urbana, Ill.: Philosophy of Education Society; University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-03-07, page 161:

(philosophy, psychology) A hypothetical non-verbal language in which concepts are represented in the mind.


priming

(psychology) The implicit memory effect in which exposure to a stimulus influences response to a subsequent stimulus.

(psycholinguistics) A form of positive priming that induces a tendency to repeat or more easily process a sentence that is similar in structure to one previously presented.


pseudohallucination

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(psychiatry) A brief but vivid visual or auditory experience that is recognised by the experiencer as being unreal.


chunking

en-noun

chunking (countable and uncountable, plural chunkings)

Chunking is the reason that phone numbers are broken into two parts plus an area code and that credit card numbers are split into groups of four.

2011, Joshua Foer, Moonwalking with Einstein, The Art and Science of Remembering Everything, Penguin, →ISBN:

(psychology) A strategy for making more efficient use of short-term memory by recoding information.


primal horde

… Freud's analyses from his 1913 Totem and taboo, of how the primal horde of rebellious sons overcame the patriarchal father and set up public totems and taboos as means to eternalize their resultant guilt.

2003, Robert S. Corrington, Wilhelm Reich. Psychoanalyst and Radical Naturalist. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, page 104

(psychoanalysis) In Freudian psychoanalysis, an archetypal cathexis of the sons usurping their father's hierarchical position; the basis of the Oedipus complex, and sometimes resulting in totemism.


traumatize

en-verb

traumatize (third-person singular simple present traumatizes, present participle traumatizing, simple past and past participle traumatized)

traumatizes (present singular third-person)
traumatizing (participle present)
traumatized (participle past)
traumatized (past)

I was traumatized by a childhood experience.

(transitive, psychiatry) To cause a trauma in.


fixate

fixate (third-person singular simple present fixates, present participle fixating, simple past and past participle fixated)

fixates (present singular third-person)
fixating (participle present)
fixated (participle past)
fixated (past)

(intransitive, psychology) To attach oneself to a person or thing in a pathological, neurotic, or obsessive manner. [with on]

fiksoitua

psychology: to attach oneself to a person or thing in a pathological, neurotic, or obsessive manner


fixated

en-adj

fixated (comparative more fixated, superlative most fixated)

more fixated (comparative)
most fixated (superlative)

(psychology) attached to someone or something in a neurotic or pathological manner

takertunut

Attached to something/someone in a neurotic or pathological manner


stim

Autistic people often stim with the help of technologies such as music and stim toys or tools to mediate between inner worlds and outer environments that may over/underwhelm us.

2021, Erin Felepchuk, Disability Studies Quarterly:

(psychology, autism) Any repetitive self-stimulatory behavior (e.g. hand flapping, head banging, repeating noises or words), frequent in autistic people.


stim

en-verb

stim (third-person singular simple present stims, present participle stimming, simple past and past participle stimmed)

stims (present singular third-person)
stimming (participle present)
stimmed (participle past)
stimmed (past)

(psychology, transitive) To perform such a repetitive self-stimulatory action.

s’autostimuler

to perform a repetitive self-stimulating action


aversive

For general training purposes, opportunities to engage in reproductive acts are not a practical reinforcer, and using aversives that generate fear is fraught with side effects.

2015, Ilona Rodan, Sarah Heath, editors, Feline Behavioral Health and Welfare, Elsevier Health Sciences, →ISBN, page 53:

(psychology) An unpleasant stimulus intended to induce a change in behaviour.


exploder

To a certain extent anger is natural. The therapeutic question is to determine how anger affects attitude and managerial skills. In general, anger behaviour results in the so-called anger personalities: the exploders and the imploders.

2012, Daniël Louw, Network of the Human Soul, page 157:

(psychology) A person who directs their anger outward.


hedonics

From Ancient Greek ἡδονή (hēdonḗ, “pleasure”) + -ics.

der

(psychology) The ethical study of pleasure


introject

en-verb

introject (third-person singular simple present introjects, present participle introjecting, simple past and past participle introjected)

introjects (present singular third-person)
introjecting (participle present)
introjected (participle past)
introjected (past)

Sometimes the attempt was made to reduce the inner to the outer world (Condillac, Mach, Avenarius, materialism); sometimes the outer to the inner world (Descartes, Berkeley, Fichte); sometimes the sphere of the absolute to the others (e.g., by trying to infer causally the essence and existence of something divine in general); […]; sometimes the general differentiation of subject and object to pregivenness of the co- or 'fellow-man', to whom an environmental element—as, for instance, 'this tree' — is supposed to be introjected, followed by subsequent introjection by the observer to himself (Avenarius); sometimes one's own body to a merely associative coordination of the self-perception of the own self and organ sensations with the own body as perceived from outside.

2014, Volker Meja, Nico Stehr, Knowledge and Politics:

(psychology) To unconsciously incorporate into one's psyche.

introjeter

unconsciously incorporate into the psyche


introject

When introjects are weak (or even absent), an anaclitic personality configuration results, characterized by dependency, insecurity, and feelings of helplessness and emptiness.

2003, Theodore Millon, Melvin J. Lerner, Irving B. Weiner, Handbook of Psychology, Personality and Social Psychology, page 123:

Repetitious comments are other examples of introjects that we take on as if they were truths. These include: You're lazy; you're selfish; you'll never amount to anything; […]

2015, Janet S. Steinwedel, The Golden Key to Executive Coaching:

(psychology) An element of another person that is unconsciously incorporated into one's psyche.


introjection

en-noun

introjection (countable and uncountable, plural introjections)

From intro-, by analogy with projection and interjection.

(psychology) The process whereby the ideas of another are unconsciously incorporated into one's own psyche.

introjection

incorporating ideas unconsciously into one's psyche


dissonant

en-adj

dissonant (comparative more dissonant, superlative most dissonant)

more dissonant (comparative)
most dissonant (superlative)

Coordinate term: (social) dissident

Alaudinov's framing of himself, and by extension of the Chechen forces under his command, as a capable defensive body is also dissonant with the widespread perception of the efficacy of Chechen forces within the wider Russian information space.

2024 August 14, Nicole Wolkov, Karolina Hird, Grace Mappes, Davit Gasparyan, George Barros, “Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, August 14, 2024”, in Ukraine Project, The Institute for the Study of War:

(of ideas, behavior, or social interaction, figurative) Exhibiting dissonance; not agreeing or harmonizing.


preoral

(psychoanalysis) Prior to the oral stage, in Freudian psychoanalysis.


incoherence

en-noun

incoherence (countable and uncountable, plural incoherences)

/ˌɪnkəʊˈhɪəɹəns/

From in- + coherence, formed on model of Italian incoerenza.

(psychiatry) Thinking or speech that is so disorganized that it is essentially inapprehensible to others.


minimization

minimization (countable and uncountable, plural minimizations)

the minimization of racial experiences by peers

(psychology) The tendency to present events as trivial or unimportant; trivialization


primal scream

(psychology) A scream produced during primal therapy.


primal therapy

primal therapy (countable and uncountable, plural primal therapies)

(psychology) A form of psychotherapy based on the reliving of traumatic experiences.


depersonalize

en-verb

depersonalize (third-person singular simple present depersonalizes, present participle depersonalizing, simple past and past participle depersonalized)

depersonalizes (present singular third-person)
depersonalizing (participle present)
depersonalized (participle past)
depersonalized (past)

He's depersonalizing right now, so he's considering checking himself into the hospital.

(psychiatry, intransitive) To suffer an episode of depersonalization.


anchoring

en-noun

anchoring (countable and uncountable, plural anchorings)

(psychology) The tendency of people to place subsequently refined answers to a given question close to the initially estimated answer, giving undue weight to the initial answer, such as adjusting an initial estimate of 20% to 30% when 90% would be more appropriate.


divorcement

divorcement (countable and uncountable, plural divorcements)

(figuratively, psychology) Complete detachment or disunion.


syntonic

en-adj

syntonic (comparative more syntonic, superlative most syntonic)

more syntonic (comparative)
most syntonic (superlative)

(psychology) In harmony or synergy with one's personality and milieu.


sensory overload

en-noun

sensory overload (countable and uncountable, plural sensory overloads)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sensory overload.wav

(psychology, autism, mental health) Receipt of too much information or stimulation at once, leading to an inability to process it.

autism; mental health; autism; mental health

aistiylikuormitus

state of being overwhelmed by sensory stimulation


Einstellung

(psychology) Development of a mechanized state of mind.


mindfulness

mindfulness (countable and uncountable, plural mindfulnesses)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-mindfulness.wav

(Buddhism, psychology) Paying attention on purpose, in the present moment, and non-judgementally.

正念

paying attention on purpose in the present moment


misomania

From the prefix miso- (hatred), and the Latin word mania.

(very rare, psychology) A mania of hatred for everything.

(very rare, psychology) A fear of persecution, or being hated by everyone.


mixoscopy

Borrowed from German Mixoscopie, from Ancient Greek μίξις (míxis, “intercourse”) + German -skopie (“-scopy”). Reportedly coined by Albert Moll (1862–1939).

uder

Founded on the sense of vision also we find a phenomenon, bordering on the abnormal, which is by Moll termed mixoscopy. This means the sexual pleasure derived from the spectacle of other persons engaged in natural or perverse sexual actions.

1927, Havelock Ellis, Studies in the Psychology of Sex, volume 4, page 299:

(psychology) The attainment of sexual pleasure from watching other people have sex.


traumatized

en-adj

traumatized (comparative more traumatized, superlative most traumatized)

more traumatized (comparative)
most traumatized (superlative)

(psychology, psychiatry) Having been subjected to psychological trauma.


transvestism

en-noun

transvestism (usually uncountable, plural transvestisms)

(clinical psychology, psychiatry, pathology) A paraphilia typically found in heterosexual males characterized by compulsively seeking and deriving sexual arousal from cross-dressing, especially if the urges and behavior cause the patient distress or social impairment.


telescoping

telescoping (countable and uncountable, plural telescopings)

The telescoping effect is divided into backward telescoping and forward telescoping.

Here we will show that telescoping is a result of the way the question is asked rather than a result of the compression of time.

1989 November, David C. Rubin, Alan D. Baddeley, “Telescoping is not time compression: A model”, in Memory & Cognition, volume 17, number 6, →DOI, page 653:

Telescoping happens in two directions: While forward telescoping describes the tendency of dating past events too close to the present, backward telescoping describes the opposite effect, that is, dating past events too far to the past.

2021 October 14, Ferdinand Kosak, Sven Hilbert, “The Passage of Years: Not a Matter of Covert Retrieval of Autobiographical Memories”, in Frontiers in Psychology, volume 12, →DOI:

(psychology) The temporal displacement of an event in which people perceive recent events as being more remote than they are and distant events as being more recent than they are.


maladjustment

maladjustment (countable and uncountable, plural maladjustments)

(psychology) The inability to adapt oneself to the needs of others, or to the stresses of normal life.


ACA

In a community where much socializing centers around bars, lesbian/gay ACAs may frequently find themselves in situations conducive to alcohol abuse or where the drinking of others triggers old feelings of anxiety.

1984 August 11, Janice Irvine, “Secrets of Fear, Shame, and Love”, in Gay Community News, volume 12, number 5, page 11:

(psychology) Initialism of adult child of an alcoholic/adult child of alcoholics.


pronoia

From pro- + (para)noia, coined by American sociologist Fred H. Goldner in a paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for the Study of Social Problems in August 1981. A version of this paper, entitled “Pronoia”, was published in the journal Social Problems in October 1982: see the quotation.

Pronoia is the positive counterpart of paranoia. It is the delusion that others think well of one. Actions and the products of one's efforts are thought to be well received and praised by others. Mere acquaintances are thought to be close friends; politeness and the exchange of pleasantries are taken as expressions of deep attachment and the promise of future support. Pronoia appears to be rooted in the social complexity and cultural ambiguity of our lives: we have become increasingly dependent on the opinions of others based on uncertain criteria.

1982 October 1, Fred H. Goldner, “Pronoia”, in Social Problems, volume 30, number 1, Berkeley, Calif.: Published by the University of California Press for the Society for the Study of Social Problems, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, abstract, page 82:

"Pronoia" is comparable to paranoia (which is commonly believed to be a mental disease), but is its emotional opposite. The paranoic thinks that everyone and everything are conspiring against him. So-called pronoids see reality as quite positive, and regard themselves as responsible for good things, which they are convinced are going to happen. If paranoia is a mental disorder, then pronoia is a mental disorder. So (apparently) happiness is a mental disorder.

1997, Trudy Govier, “Socrates, the Sting Ray of Athens”, in Socrates’ Children: Thinking and Knowing in the Western Tradition, Peterborough, Ont., Orchard Park, N.Y.: Broadview Press, →ISBN, page 18:

(psychology) A belief (sometimes regarded as irrational) that people conspire to do one good.

pronoïa

belief that people conspire to do one good


postpartum depression

postpartum depression (countable and uncountable, plural postpartum depressions)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-postpartum depression.wav

Some women with postpartum depression and thyroid imbalance may require antidepressants and psychiatric therapy.

1999, Ridha Arem, The Thyroid Solution, →ISBN, page 216:

(psychiatry) Depression experienced by a parent, usually the mother, after childbirth.


affordance

From afford + -ance; coined in 1977 by psychologist James J. Gibson, and adopted in 1988 by Donald Norman in the context of human-machine interaction.

So an affordance cannot be measured as we measure in physics.

1979, James Gibson, The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception, Theory of Affordances (section 8):

(psychology, philosophy, robotics) Anything that is provided or furnished by an environment to an organism dwelling within it.


unreactive

en-adj

unreactive (comparative more unreactive, superlative most unreactive)

more unreactive (comparative)
most unreactive (superlative)

(psychology) That does not respond to a stimulation.


inharmonious

inharmonious (comparative more inharmonious, superlative most inharmonious)

more inharmonious (comparative)
most inharmonious (superlative)

(of ideas, behavior, events, etc.) Lacking accord or agreement.


coprolalia

en-noun

coprolalia (countable and uncountable, plural coprolalias)

Borrowed from French coprolalie, coined by French neurologist Georges Gilles de la Tourette in 1885. Equivalent to copro- + -lalia.

coinage

(psychiatry) The uncontrolled use of abusive, obscene or scatological language; especially such behaviour associated with Tourette syndrome.


transactional

en-adj

transactional (comparative more transactional, superlative most transactional)

more transactional (comparative)
most transactional (superlative)

(psychology, sociology) Based on value derived from transactions rather than on morals, ethics, or principles; pragmatic or amoral rather than moral.


redintegration

/ɹɛˌdɪntɪˈɡɹeɪʃən/

/ɹɪˌdɪntɪˈɡɹeɪʃən/

From the Latin redintegrātiō (“renewal, restoration, repetition”).

uder

Now all this story might be true. But even if it were, it does not follow that reference to redintegration should be included as part of the definition of ‘motive’.

1956–1960, R.S. Peters, The Concept of Motivation, Routledge & Kegan Paul (second edition, 1960), chapter ii: “Motives and Motivation”, page 44

Is McClelland’s concept of ‘motive’ yet another example of explanation masquerading as analysis? This is obviously so in his definition which includes the reference to redintegration of affect.

(psychology) The reinstatement of a memory upon the presentation of a stimulus element that was a part of the stimulus complex that had aroused the event.


cryptomnesia

en-noun

cryptomnesia (countable and uncountable, plural cryptomnesias)

From crypto- (prefix meaning ‘hidden’) + (a)mnesia, modelled after French cryptomnésie, which was coined by Swiss psychologist and parapsychologist Théodore Flournoy (1854–1920) in his work Des Indes à la planète Mars (From India to the Planet Mars, 1899 or 1900). The English word was probably first used in the 1900 translation of Flournoy’s work: see the quotation.

coinage

All the witnesses of Mlle. [Hélène] Smith's Hindoo somnambulisms who are of the same opinion on that subject (several refrain from having any) unite in seeing in it a curious phenomenon of cryptomnesia, of reappearances of memories profoundly buried beneath the normal waking state, together with an indeterminate amount of imaginative exaggeration upon the canvas of actual facts. But by this name of cryptomnesia or resurrection of latent memories, two singularly different things are understood.

1900, Th[éodore] Flournoy, “The Hindoo Cycle”, in Daniel B. Vermilye, transl., From India to the Planet Mars: A Study of a Case of Somnambulism with Glossolalia, New York, N.Y.; London: Harper & Brothers, →OCLC, page 276:

How much is cryptamnesia-confabulation, how much frontal-lobe indifference-equalisation, how much some strange schizophrenic disintegration and shattering-flattening?

1981 (date written), Oliver Sacks, “Yes, Father-Sister”, in The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat and Other Clinical Tales, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Row, published 1985 (1987 printing), →ISBN, part 2 (Excesses), page 118:

The path analysis suggests that cryptomnesia is rooted in a lack of trusting relationships. […] This lack of trust leads to feelings of anomie and anxiety that make the individual more likely to construct false memories out of information stored in the unconscious mind. People who think in this way are susceptible to belief in conspiracy theories, since these theories help them to make sense of an otherwise incoherent world.

1994, Ted Goertzel, “Measuring the Prevalence of False Memories”, in Kendrick Frazier, editor, Encounters with the Paranormal (Best of Skeptical Inquirer; 5), Lanham, Md.: Prometheus Books, published 1998, →ISBN, part 9 (The Malleability of Memory), page 411:

And although [Sigmund] Freud claimed that others’ ideas were of no use to him unless they came at a time when he was ready for them, he proved enormously susceptible to their influence and even noted his own tendency to ‘cryptamnesia’, by which he ‘unconsciously’ contrived to forget his intellectual debts.

1996, John Farrell, “Paranoid Psychology”, in Freud’s Paranoid Quest: Psychoanalysis and Modern Suspicion, New York, N.Y.; London: New York University Press, →ISBN, page 56:

Apparently lacking the time or patience to reveal a comprehensive system of cryptomnesias in his medium, Fräulein SW, [Carl] Jung strenuously asserts the importance of this unconscious device […]

1999, John R. Haule, “From Somnambulism to the Archetypes: The French Roots of Jung’s Split with [Sigmund] Freud”, in Paul Bishop, editor, Jung in Contexts: A Reader, London; New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN, part III (Jung in Intellectual Context), page 253:

While apparent regressions into past lives can often easily be shown to be constructions based on cryptamnesia[…], this is by no means always the case. In 1987, one hypnotherapy client experienced an apparent 'past life' as a submariner who died with his ship in 1942; he provided detailed names and dates that could be confirmed from the records of the naval base where he was supposed to have served[…]. If we insist on a Darwinian account, these phenomena must be examples of cryptamnesia, suggestion or fraud.

2003, David Edwards, Michael Jacobs, “Conscious and Unconscious: The Next Hundred Years”, in Michael Jacobs, editor, Conscious and Unconscious (Core Concepts in Therapy), Maidenhead, Berkshire: Open University Press, McGraw-Hill Education, →ISBN, page 136:

In dreams, therefore, cryptomnesias may appear, that is, impressions, elements, thoughts, a piece of knowledge that the dreamer once had, which then vanishes completely and cannot be reproduced, until it suddenly reemerges in its original form on some particular occasion.

2008, C[arl] G[ustav] Jung, “On the Method of Dream Interpretation”, in Ernst Falzeder, Tony Woolfson, transl., edited by Lorenz Jung and Maria Meyer-Grass, Children’s Dreams: Notes from the Seminar Given in 1936–1940 (Philemon Series), Princeton, N.J.;Oxford, Oxfordshire: Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 17:

Some plagiarism is unconscious and unintentional. It occurs when people come up with ideas that they believe are their own but in fact were encountered in the past. This unconscious plagiarism is cryptomnesia[…]. One theory of cryptomnesia is that it is a reality monitoring error. People retain the content information, but after some time has passed, and/or because little attention was paid during encoding, the source memory is weak and has no influence.

2021, Gabriel A. Radavansky, “Memory and Reality”, in Human Memory, 4th edition, New York, N.Y.; Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Routledge, →ISBN, part 3 (Special Topics in Memory), page 428:

(chiefly psychology, uncountable) The phenomenon of the reappearance of a long-forgotten memory as if it were a new experience; (countable) an instance of this.

استرجاع إبداعي

phenomenon of the reappearance of long-forgotten memory as if it were a new experience; an instance of this


daimonic

From daimon + -ic; from Latin demon (“spirit”), originally from Ancient Greek δαίμων (daímōn, “a god, goddess, divine power, genius, guardian spirit”). Doublet of demonic.

der

(psychology) The unrest that exists in us all which forces us into the unknown, leading to self-destruction and/or self-discovery.

(psychology, spirituality, mythology, literature) The journey and transition from innocence to experience; part of the process of individuation.


lexigram

/ˈlɛk.sɪˌɡɹæm/

Near-synonyms: lexigraph (polysemic, sometimes synonymous), logogram, logograph

Instead of ASL, Savage-Rumbaugh used an extensive ‘lexigram’, a matrix of 256 geometrical shapes on a board. Instructors touch the symbols, which represent verbs and nouns, to create simple requests or commands.

2013, Richard Gross, Being Human: Psychological and Philosophical Perspectives, Routledge, →ISBN, page 165:

Each chimp next learned to press the lexigram corresponding to a food item that it had seen the teacher put in an opaque container.

2014, Joseph J. Pear, The Science of Learning, Psychology Press, →ISBN, page 199:

(psychology) A symbol that represents a word but is not necessarily indicative of the object referenced by the word, used in studies of communication


partialism

en-noun

partialism (countable and uncountable, plural partialisms)

(psychiatry) The sexual attraction to specific parts of the body.


psychohydraulic

(psychology) Describing a mechanistic model of behaviour in which the effects of drives are interpreted as those of pressure on a fluid.


psychohydraulics

(psychology) A mechanistic model of behaviour in which the effects of drives are interpreted as those of pressure on a fluid


psychonomics

(psychology) The branch of psychology that aims to discover strict laws that govern the working of the mind, especially by means of experiment


psychophysics

(psychology) The branch of psychology concerned with the effects of physical stimuli on mental processes.


nonround

a round number (e.g., 100) was paired with a nonround number (e.g., 103).

2004, Amos Tversky, Preference, Belief, and Similarity, page 85:

The researchers hypothesize that everyday experience teaches us that round (imprecise) numbers are usually larger than nonround (sharp) numbers.

2007 September 21, “Random Samples”, in Science, 317(5845), page 1657:

(psychology, of a number) Having a sharp or precise numeric value; having not been rounded.


brain freeze

brain freeze (usually uncountable, plural brain freezes)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-brain freeze.wav

I apologize for giving you another name a moment ago, that was a brain freeze on my part.

2006, Paul Rodriguez, “Talking brains: a cognitive semantic analysis of an emerging folk neuropsychology”, in Public Understanding of Science, volume 15, page 311:

I call it a brain freeze at this age, but whenever you have some kind of a problem remembering something, you think, oh, you know, you automatically think about Alzheimer’s.

2011, James N. Laditka et al., "Older adults' concerns about cognitive health: commonalities and differences among six United States ethnic groups", Ageing and Society, vol. 31 (7), p. 1214

Call it a brain freeze, another 'Aleppo moment,' or a mere campaign stumble, but Gary Johnson has stumbled again in his quixotic presidential campaign.

2016, Josh Lederman, Patrick Mairs, “Brain freeze? Gary Johnson can’t name favorite world leader”, in PBS NewsHour, Associated Press:

(psychology) Failure to remember something, with the sense that recall is imminent.


alethophobia

From Ancient Greek ἀλήθεια (alḗtheia) + -phobia, equivalent to aletho- + -phobia.

af

Is her "official science" fatally smitten with alethophobia?

1875 April, “The Question of Organic Evolution”, in Quarterly Journal of Science, volume 12, page 202:

If Alethophobia infects even one person, we can never attain universal unity.

2007, Manoucher Parvin, Alethophobia: Fear of Truth : a Novel:

It sounds like a rare and serious psychiatric disorder, but I'm betting that two out of three people suffer from alethophobia.

And the root of such blindness, hostility, or indifference, cognophobia, misology (Kant) and "alethophobia” (or rather, fear of correct beliefs), is a past in which interest, interest-driven epistemic desires and interrogative stances have regularly lost out to a variety of practical considerations in particular to fear of unpleasant discoveries.

2016, Leo Zaibert, The Theory and Practice of Ontology, page 258:

(psychology) A fear or dislike of the truth; an unwillingness to come to terms with truth or facts.


affect display

We are not satisfied with this account (it is particularly weak in explaining the facial affect display of happiness) but Darwin also had trouble with […].

1970, Paul Ekman et al., “The Repertoire of Non-verbal Behavior”, in Mouton Classics: From Syntax to Cognition, from Phonology to Text, page 843:

[…] Darwin (as is implicit in the title of his book The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals) saw facial affect display as the external expression of an internal emotional state, […].

1987, Donald L. Nathanson, The Many Faces of Shame, page 16:

The marked affect-display, remains, nevertheless, sufficiently similar to the parent's normative emotion expression for the infant to recognize the [….]

2002, Peter Fonagy, Affect Regulation, Mentalization, and the Development of the Self, page 178:

The face is a particularly rich source for affect display, although other parts of the body may also be involved.

2004, Stephen W. Littlejohn, Karen A. Foss, Theories of Human Communication, page 107:

(psychology) External show of emotion or affect, such as by voice, expression, gesture, or posture, whether voluntary or not.


effortfulness

(psychology) subjective experience of exertion or effort involved in performing an activity


autotelic

en-adj

autotelic (comparative more autotelic, superlative most autotelic)

more autotelic (comparative)
most autotelic (superlative)

non-autotelic

antonym(s) of “containing its own meaning or purpose”

/ˈɔːtəˌtɛlɪk/

/ˌɔːtəˈtɛlɪk/

From Ancient Greek αὐτός (autós, “self”) + τέλος (télos, “result; end”); compare auto- and telic. From early 20th century.

affix

1988, Antonella Della Fave, Fausto Massimini, 12: Modernization and the changing contexts in work and leisure, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Isabella Selega Csikszentmihalyi (editors), Optimal Experience: Psychological Studies of Flow in Consciousness, Cambridge University Press, 1992, Paperback, page 208,
It is possible that these three people have jobs that are more autotelic than those of the rest of this group; that they have more responsibility, more initiative and challenge at their workplace than is usual for employees of their type.

Chess itself, however – the playing of the game – is most frequently engaged in, as we say, for its own sake, as an autotelic activity rather than as a teleological one. The majority of utterances of a language are teleological, aiming at informing […]

2012, J.F. Rosenberg, Linguistic Representation, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 6:

Non-autotelics' intrinsic motivation tends to increase if they devote time and give concentration, attention and energy to EFL tasks; some non-autotelic students become more autotelic if they perceive the activities interesting and important for their future goals; if some of the non-autotelics devote some time and focus their attention on an activity, that activity becomes more autotelic.

2015, Beata Telążka, “A Selective Study on Subjective Attitudes and Objective Achievement of Autotelic and Non-autotelic Students of English as a Foreign Language”, in Ewa Piechurska-Kuciel, Magdalena Szyszka, editors, The Ecosystem of the Foreign Language Learner: Selected Issues, Springer, page 66:

(psychology, of an activity, process, person or personality) Containing its own meaning or purpose; deriving meaning and purpose from within.

process; person or personality; process; person or personality


egosyntonic

en-adj

egosyntonic (comparative more egosyntonic, superlative most egosyntonic)

more egosyntonic (comparative)
most egosyntonic (superlative)

(psychology, of behaviours, values, or beliefs) In harmony with or acceptable to the needs and goals of the ego, or consistent with one’s ideal self-image.


egodystonic

egodystonic (comparative more egodystonic, superlative most egodystonic)

more egodystonic (comparative)
most egodystonic (superlative)

(psychology, of behaviours, values, or beliefs) In conflict, or dissonant, with the needs and goals of the ego, or, further, in conflict with a person's ideal self-image.


scatolia

From Ancient Greek σκῶρ (skôr, “excrement”) + -olia.

The 'dirty protest' - the spreading of faeces is called 'scatolia' and this may be undertaken by some as a form of protest.
The main issues surrounding scatolia are the health and safety aspects [...].

1999, Tom Mason, Mark Chandley, Managing Violence and Aggression: A Manual for Nurses and Health Care Workers, page 214:

Scatolia is not uncommon among dementia sufferers, and is very distressing to their carers.

2000, Alan Jacques, Graham A. Jackson, Understanding Dementia, page 170:

Fourteen cases of scatolia (smearing of faeces) were studied and all were found to be constipated when they smeared.

2004, AH Begg, C McDonald, "Scatolia in elderly people with dementia", International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages 53-54, Published Online: 13 Oct 2004

(psychology) The act of smearing faeces.


pansexual

From pan- + -sexual. First attested in 1926 (with pansexualism attested since 1917), as a descriptor of the psychological theory that all human activity is based on sexuality. Used to describe a sexual orientation since at least the 1970s.

(psychology) Pertaining to the psychological theory of pansexualism.


entrained thinking

conditioned response
conditioned response

(psychology) A conditioned response that occurs when people are blocked from understanding and using new ways of thinking by the perspectives they acquired through past experience.


gynaecophobia

/ɡaɪnɪkəˈfəʊbɪə/

(psychology) An irrational fear of women.


evolutionary psychology

You’ll have to forgive this exceptionally long post here, but for many critics of (and in) the manosphere of evolutionary psychology the following post articulates things better than I could.

2015 June 9, Rollo Tomassi, “In Defense of Evo-Psych”, in The Rational Male:

(psychology, evolutionary theory) A theoretical approach to psychology that attempts to explain mental and psychological traits—such as memory, perception, or language—as adaptations, that is, as the functional products of natural selection.


emotional intelligence

en-noun

emotional intelligence (countable and uncountable, plural emotional intelligences)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-emotional intelligence.wav

(psychology) The ability, capacity, or skill to perceive, assess, and manage the emotions of oneself, of others, and of groups.


collective unconscious

collective unconscious (plural collective unconsciouses)

It has been suggested that Prothean data recording is highly dependent on a certain point of view, what Carl Jung described as the collective unconscious. The 'cipher' needed to comprehend the images implanted in Shepard's mind is the cultural knowledge of a Prothean: the archetypes, biological instincts, and common experiences universal to the race.

2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Protheans: Cipher Codex entry:

(psychology) The common experiences, thoughts and opinions of a large group of people taken as a whole.


(education, psychology) Abbreviation of twice-exceptional.


psychological refractory period

psychological refractory period (plural psychological refractory periods)

psychological refractory periods (plural)

(psychology) A delay in the second response to two closely-spaced stimuli.


traumatology

(medicine, psychology) A branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of trauma.


sociopathy

sociopathy (countable and uncountable, plural sociopathies)

(psychiatry) The property of being a sociopath, a person showing antisocial behavior as part of psychiatric pathology.


affectionless

en-adj

affectionless (comparative more affectionless, superlative most affectionless)

more affectionless (comparative)
most affectionless (superlative)


oral gratification

en-noun

oral gratification (countable and uncountable, plural oral gratifications)

Oral gratification was offered almost continuously—between-meal nourishment, before-bed treats, chewing gum and toys which could be sucked and chewed.

1958, E. I. Falstein, H. A. Sutton, “Childhood Schizophrenia”, in The American Journal of Nursing, volume 58, number 5, page 669:

These experiences left him with a rather unsteady control over his angry impulses, particularly when denied oral gratification such as a drink of liquor.

1980, Waud Kracke, “The Complementarity of Social and Psychological Regularities: Leadership as a Mediating Phenomenon”, in Ethos, volume 8, number 4, page 281:

Smoking is, at heart, oral gratification. There is, shall we say, a certain sexual implication in putting our lips around a long, thin object, ingesting its essence into the mouth, perhaps swallowing it, then expelling it.

2003 November 22, Richard Corliss, “That Old Feeling: The Great American Smoke”, in Time, retrieved 2014-03-30:

(psychology) In Freudian psychology, the satisfaction felt in infancy when the need for food, especially from the mother's breast, is fulfilled, and which in later life can be associated with such dysfunctional behaviors as excessive eating, drinking, or smoking.

oraalinen mielihyvä

Freudian psychology: satisfaction felt in infancy when the need for mother's breast is fulfilled


anaclitism

anaclitism (countable and uncountable, plural anaclitisms)

(psychology) The pattern of deriving adult sexual arousal from objects that one was exposed to as an infant. The fetish value often stems from tactile stimulation similar to that experienced by the infant before it could see well.

(psychology) In Freudian theory, the relation between bodily functions in early childhood and the later development of the sexual instinct. The infant's bodily function of simple hunger, to take a primary example, is at first attached solely to the act of suckling at mother's breast.


cyanthropy

(psychology) The belief that one is a dog.


photism

From the stem of Ancient Greek φῶς (phôs, “light”) + -ism.

I refer to hallucinatory or pseudo-hallucinatory luminous phenomena, photisms, to use the term of the psychologists.

1902, William James, “Lecture X: Conversion—Concluded”, in The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature […] , New York, N.Y.; London: Longmans, Green, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 251:

(psychology) A luminous appearance, image or subjective perception of a hallucinatory nature.


autosuggestion

autosuggestion (countable and uncountable, plural autosuggestions)

(psychology, uncountable) The practice of suggesting thoughts to oneself, as in autohypnosis.

(psychology, countable) An instance of suggesting a thought to oneself.