synthesis phase

en-noun

synthesis phase (plural synthesis phases)

(biology, cytology) The part of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated, occurring between the G1 phase and G2 phase.


INM

(cytology) Acronym of inner nuclear membrane.


ONM

(cytology) Acronym of outer nuclear membrane.


eleocyte

(cytology) A coelomocyte that contains many fat globules


sudanophilic

(cytology) Exhibiting or relating to sudanophilia.


memory cell

(immunology, cytology) A type of lymphocyte that is capable of responding to an antigen long after the initial exposure.


lophocyte

(cytology) A type of large cell found in the mesohyl of sponges which produces fibrillar collagen.


haemohistioblast

(cytology) The presumed reticuloendothelial cell that differentiates to form all blood cells


sickle cell

(cytology) An abnormal erythrocyte (red blood cell) that has a crescent shape, characteristic of sickle-cell anemia.


autoerythrocyte

(cytology) An organism's own erythrocyte


bacteriocinogen

(cytology) A bacterial plasmid that directs the synthesis of bacteriocins


chromatophilia

(cytology) The property of a cell that readily stains with an appropriate dye


chromatoplasm

(cytology) The part of cytoplasm that contains pigment


chromatophil

(cytology) A chromatophilic cell or structure


chromotrope

(cytology) Any of a group of dyes that change colour under certain circumstances


cytoanalyzer

(cytology) A machine that performs cytoanalysis.


cyanophil

(cytology) A cell that is differentially coloured blue by a cytological dye


cytoenzymology

(cytology) A branch of cytology that studies the enzymes present in cells


cytopreparation

cytopreparation (countable and uncountable, plural cytopreparations)

(cytology) The preparation of a sample for cytological examination


xenoplasm

(cytology) Cytoplasm from a foreign cell.


HSC

hematopoietic stem cell
hematopoietic stem cell#English

(cytology, hematology) Initialism of hematopoietic stem cell.


eosinotaxis

(cytology, immunology) The movement of eosinophils towards or from a stimulus


erythrophil

(cytology) A cell or tissue that readily stains red


micromegakaryocyte

(cytology) A megakaryocyte that has a small, dense nucleus


ionocyte

(cytology) A specialized epithelial cell, involved in the maintenance of osmotic homeostasis, that has many ion transporters


sclerocyte

(cytology) A cell which, in some invertebrates, secrete calcareous or siliceous spicules to form the mineralised body wall


epidermoblast

(cytology) An epidermal progenitor cell formed from neuroectoderm


progenitor cell

progenitor cell (plural progenitor cells)

(cytology) A form of stem cell that is specialised to differentiate into a single type of cell


cell cycle

(cytology) The life cycle of eukaryotic cells from a quiescent beginning, growth, duplication of DNA followed by mitosis and division.


bikaryon

(cytology) Either of the nuclei of a binucleate cell


mechanocyte

(cytology) A fibroblast grown in tissue culture


synantocyte

(cytology) A form of glial cell that is in close contact with neurons


chromatoblast

(cytology) A chromatophore precursor cell


xanthoblast

(cytology) A cell that differentiates into a xanthophore.


prothyrocyte

(cytology) The precursor of a differentiated thyrocyte


paranucleolus

(cytology) A small condensed mass of the inactivated X-chromosome usually located just inside the nuclear membrane of the interphase nucleus


eukaryocyte

(cytology) Any cell that has a true nucleus.


cytogenotype

(genetics, cytology) A cellular genotype


spheromastigote

(cytology) Any cell that contains a spherosome


erythromyeloblastoid

(cytology) Relating to erythromyeloid blastoids


microendothelial

(cytology) Describing very small endothelial cells


monoeukaryotic

(cytology) Having a single nucleus in each cell


subpseudopod

(cytology) A short projection, similar to a pseudopod


osteochondroblast

(cytology) A chondroblast found in bone tissue


spongioblast

(cytology) A neuroepithelial cell that develops into neuroglial and ependymal cells.


cytotopographical

(cytology) Relating to the topography of cells


immunocytometry

(immunology, cytology) The cytometry of lymphocytes


myofibrocyte

(cytology) A type of fibrocyte found in muscle tissue


sympathoblast

sympathetic nerve cell
sympathetic nerve cell

(cytology) A pluripotential cell in the embryo that develop into either a sympathetic nerve cell or a chromaffin cell


mononucleocyte

(cytology) A cell that contains a single nucleus


clonogen

(cytology) A clonogenic cell, especially a tumorigenic one


cytoneme

(cytology) Any of a group of thin projections from a cell that are used for the exchange of signalling proteins


enlargeosome

(cytology) A particular type of cytoplasmic vesicle


mammosomatotroph

(cytology) A cell, in the anterior pituitary, that secretes both prolactin and growth hormone


preosteocyte

(cytology) A cell, derived from an osteoblast, that develops into an osteocyte


cytolocalization

(cytology) The localization of an enzyme or other material in a specific part of a cell


spherulocyte

(cytology) A hemocyte that contains spherules


hemivacuole

(cytology) A space in the apical side of an osteoclast where bone reabsorption takes place


dinokaryon

(cytology) The eukaryotic nucleus of a dinokaryote


nonfibroblast

(cytology) Any cell that is not a fibroblast


monoosteophil

(cytology) A bone-forming cell derived from a monocyte


calicoblast

The most recent study has been made by Hayasi (78), who finds that the calcareous lamellae which form the sclerodermites are formed by secretions of the calicoblasts and that the latter are not themselves calcified.

1943, Thomas Wayland Vaughan, John West Wells, Revision of the Suborders Families, and Genera of the Scleractinia, page 32:

(cytology) A primary cell of the calicodermis.


cytocortex

(cytology) The cortex of an epithelial cell


endonucleolysis

(cytology) endonucleolytic cleavage of nucleic acids


autophagophore

(cytology) The membrane apparatus in a cell responsible for autophagy


immunodissection

(immunology, cytology) The dissection (isolation and identification) of cells by means of immunology (typically by using specific monoclonal antibodies)


nanopod

(cytology) A surface container for outer membrane vesicles


spermatocytic

(cytology) Relating to, or having the form of spermatocytes


histoprognostic

Cyto- and histoprognostic classifications were applied to such specimens and correlated with steroid receptor content measured by biochemical assays.

1993, Jacqueline Mouriquand, Diagnosis of Non-palpable Breast Lesions:

(cytology, pathology) Relating to prognosis by examination of cells.


fibromyoblast

(cytology) A fibroblast in muscle tissue


immunocytolocalization

(cytology, immunology) The localization of a protein or enzyme onto an immunocyte


neosis

neosis (countable and uncountable, plural neoses)

(cytology) A form of cell division, in cancer cells, in which genetic material from the malignant cell separates by budding from its nucleus prior to cytokinesis and the production of daughter cells


fuchsinophilic

(cytology) That has an affinity for, or readily stains with fuchsin


cytogenotoxic

(cytology, genetics, toxicology) Having a genotoxic effect on a cell


protosphere

(cytology) A structure that develops into a cell


clastosome

From Ancient Greek κλαστός (klastós) + -some. See also clastogen.

(cytology) A part of the nucleus of a cell that contains proteasomes


phycosphere

(cytology) The region of mucus that surrounds a phytoplankton cell


postosmication

(cytology) postfixation of a biological sample using osmium tetroxide


postosmicate

en-verb

postosmicate (third-person singular simple present postosmicates, present participle postosmicating, simple past and past participle postosmicated)

postosmicates (present singular third-person)
postosmicating (participle present)
postosmicated (participle past)
postosmicated (past)

(cytology) To postfix a biological sample using osmium tetroxide


amyloidotropic

(biology, cytology) Having an affinity for amyloid tissue


granuloplasm

en-noun

granuloplasm (countable and uncountable, plural granuloplasms)

(cytology) The granular material within the ectoplasm and surrounding the nucleus of a unicellular organism


lomasome

(cytology) A paramural body associated with the membranes of plant and fungal cells


ectoplasmically

(parapsychology or cytology) In an ectoplasmic manner.


cytofluorescence

(cytology) The fluorescence of cells (under microscopic examination)


preplatelet

(cytology) A discoid cell that is a precursor of a platelet


fuchsinophil

fuchsinophil (countable and uncountable, plural fuchsinophils)

With lichtgriin-fuchsin many ganglion cells showed numerous granules or droplets of fairly large size which stained various colors and may correspond to the so-called fuchsinophil (Fig. 4).

1922, Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry - Volume 8, page 160:

Although in 15 of these, the results proved negative both microscopically and by inoculation, on 13 occasions the results were positive, revealing the presence of rare fuchsinophils, elongated and exceedingly fine.

1934, The Year Book of Dermatology and Syphilology, page 531:

Among the acidophils, fuchsinophils are less in number while basophils (1 ) predominate.

1981, Zoological Society (Calcutta, India), Proceedings of the Zoological Society - Volume 33, page 77:

(cytology) Cells or cellular material that stains readily with fuchsin.


asteron

(cytology) An astrocyte / neuron hybrid cell


trikaryotic

(cytology, of a cell) Having three nuclei


hematocytological

(cytology) Relating to the cytology of blood


stellate cell

(cytology) Any cell that has radiating dendritic processes


erythrophagolysosome

(cytology) A phagolysosome of an erythrocyte


pancytoplasmic

(cytology) Relating to all the cytoplasmic components of a cell


supraspliceosome

(cytology) A structure, in the mammalian cell nucleus, composed of four spliceosomes


paraneuron

(cytology) An epithelial cell, in taste buds, that can secrete a neurotransmitter but does not have dendrites or an axon


kranocyte

(cytology) A form of fibroblast that caps certain Schwann cells


perispeckle

(cytology) The periphery of the nuclear speckle of a neuron


vitellocyte

(cytology, zoology) A cell of the vitellarium


orthochromatophilic

(cytology) Describing an erythroblast, derived from a polychromatophilic one, that is approaching the colour of a mature erythrocyte


telocyte

(cytology) A form of interstitial stem cell


brachycyte

(cytology) A thick-walled, drought-tolerant brood cell in protonemata of mosses of the genus Funaria.


parakeratocytic

(cytology) Relating to parakeratocytes or to parakeratocytosis


binuclearity

(cytology) The condition of being binuclear


ektacytometer

(cytology) The instrument used in ektacytometry


allohaploid

(cytology, genetics) Having a single set of unpaired chromosomes derived from two different species


macrosome

(cytology) Any relatively large organelle in a cell


grid cell

(cytology) A form of neuron associated with an organism's perception of spatial position


tendinocyte

(cytology) Any of rows of elongated cells between the collagen fibres of tendons


neuroprecursor

(cytology) A stem cell that develops into a neuron


pirellulosome

(cytology) A compartment, in the cells of the bacterium Pirellula, that contains its RNA


protoneuromast

(cytology) A cell (or cluster of cells) that will develop into a neuromast


morphocytological

(cytology) morphological and cytological


nephroblast

(cytology) A cell from which the tissues of the kidneys develop


melanophagosome

(cytology) The phagosome of a melanocyte


flectopodium

From Latin flectō (“bend”) + -podium (“leg-like structure”).

af

Flectopodia are 7–30 µm long, present in 9% of GFP-actin+-cells on vessels (n = 266), with the ability to elongate for up to 20 µm or more, at a rate of 14–99 µm/hour, and to form a bent vessel segment in 30 minutes.

2014 July 17, Elisabetta M. Caspani, Philip H. Crossley, Carolina Redondo-Garcia, Salvador Martinez, “Glioblastoma: A Pathogenic Crosstalk between Tumor Cells and Pericytes”, in PLOS One:

(cytology) Flexible cytoplasmic protrusions that modify the normal contractile activity of pericytes.


pathocytological

(pathology, cytology) pathological and cytological


adipohemocyte

(cytology) An adipose hemocyte (containing drops of lipid)


coagulocyte

(cytology) A granular cystocyte associated with the clotting of blood


epicardiocyte

(cytology) A myocardiocyte of the epicardium


necroptosome

(cytology) A supramolecular organelle involved in necroptosis


polymorphocyte

(cytology) A polymorphonuclear leukocyte


nucleoribosomal

(cytology) Relating to nuclear ribosomes


mitoxosome

(cytology) A mitochondrial organelle associated with oxidative metabolism


prefixative

(biology, cytology) A fixative used in prefixation


telopode

(cytology) The long, thin extension of a telocyte


structome

(cytology) All the structural elements of a cell


paranucleate

(cytology) Near and outside of the nucleus.


hyalosome

(cytology) A glassy intranuclear structure that resembles a nucleolus


pinocyte

(cytology) A cell that exhibits pinocytosis


corticocyte

(cytology) A cortical cell (of the brain)


lipokeratinocyte

(cytology) A keratinocyte that also contains a lipid organelle


nucleocytoplasm

en-noun

nucleocytoplasm (usually uncountable, plural nucleocytoplasms)

(cytology) The nucleus and cytoplasm of a cell considered as a whole


anomocytic

(cytology) Having anomalous (irregularly shaped) cells


nuocyte

(cytology, immunology) A cell associated with the immune response


thyroidization

(cytology) Conversion to a form with a thyroidal appearance


autoimmunostainer

(immunology, cytology) An automated immunostainer


nucleocytoskeletal

(cytology) Relating to, or connecting the nucleus and cytoskeleton of a cell


preplasmablast

(cytology) A cell that will differentiate into a plasma cell


spindeloid

(cytology, of a cell) Having the form of a spindle


hypochromatosis

(cytology) chromatolysis; the disappearance of chromatin, or of the nucleus, in a cell


osteochrome

(cytology) Any substance that stains bone tissue


hyperstaining

(cytology) An exceptionally high level of staining


cytomodulatory

(cytology) That modulates the growth of cells, typically of cancers


auxotype

(cytology) A subtype of Neisseria bacteria defined by its distinctive growth responses on a medium.


auxotype

en-verb

auxotype (third-person singular simple present auxotypes, present participle auxotyping, simple past and past participle auxotyped)

auxotypes (present singular third-person)
auxotyping (participle present)
auxotyped (participle past)
auxotyped (past)

(cytology) To carry out differential staining of different Neisseria bacteria that have requirements for different nutrients.


goblet cell

The cell is named for its goblet-like shape. The apical portion is shaped like a cup and the basal portion is shaped like a stem.

(cytology) A column-shaped secretory cell found in the epithelium of the respiratory and intestinal tract that secretes the principal constituents of mucus.


arbuscocyte

(cytology) An arbuscular (dendritic) cell


pro-oocyte

In D. melanogaster, the nuclei of pro-oocytes and young oocytes are unsuitable for detailed cytological study at the light microscope level because of their small size.

1970 February 28, Robert C. King, “The Meiotic Behavior of the Drosophila Ooctye”, in International Review of Cytology, volume 28, page 129:

Two of the sixteen germline cells in each egg chamber develop as pro-oocytes, and the first asymmetry arises when one of these cells is selected to become the oocyte.

1997, Acaimo González-Reyes et al., “Oocyte determination and the origin of polarity in Drosophila: the role of the spindle genes”, in Development, volume 124, pages 4927–4937:

(cytology) An undifferentiated germline cell with the potential to become an oocyte.


anatelophase

(cytology) A combination of anaphase and telophase


cytosorting

(cytology) The sorting of individual cells


oxotype

(cytology) A type of cell that has a particular oxygen uptake rate


congressant

(cytology) A group of cells forming a single body


phosphocluster

(cytology, biochemistry) A cluster of cells associated with phosphorylation


gliobulb

(cytology) A spherical extension of a glial cell


histioblast

(cytology) Any cell that is capable of forming tissue


magnoid

(cytology) Having relatively large cells


torocyte

(cytology) An erythrocyte that appears to have a pale central area


collencyte

(cytology) A type of branched cell present in collenchyma


spongocyte

(cytology) A cell, in some poriferans, that secretes spongin


nonoligodendrocyte

(cytology) Any cell in the nervous system that is not an oligodendrocyte.


cell type

(cytology) A morphologically distinct form of cell


Cajal body

Discovered by Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934), Spanish neuroscientist and histologist, in 1903.

(cytology) A spherical membraneless nuclear body largely consisting of proteins and RNA, found in the nucleus of proliferative cells like embryonic cells and tumor cells, or metabolically active cells like neurons.


nuclear body

(cytology) A membraneless structure found in the cell nuclei of eukaryotic cells.


histotyping

histotyping and grading

(cytology) The analysis of histotypes, such as in diagnosis and prognosis.


chloragocyte

chloragogen cell
chloragogen cell#English


effluxer

(cytology) A T cell that effluxes various components


cell body

(cytology) The main body of a cell, containing its nucleus and organelles (as opposed to various projections or elements of external structure such as cell wall, flagella, dendrites, etc.).

(neurology) The nucleus-containing central part of a neuron exclusive of its axons and dendrites that is the major structural element of the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord, the ganglia, and the retina.


eukaryocentric

(cytology) Having a bias towards eukaryotes


cytorachia

(cytology) differential behaviour of a population of cells


FLS

en-noun

FLS (countable and uncountable, plural FLSs)

The major drivers of synovial inflammation are cytokines and chemokines. Among these molecules, TNF activates fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), which leads to the production of inflammatory mediators. Here, we show that TNF regulates the expression of the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) in human FLSs as well as in a TNF transgenic arthritis mouse model.

2019 July 8, Michael BonelliKarolina DalwigkAlexander PlatzerIsabel Olmos CalvoSilvia HayerBirgit Niederreiteret al., “IRF1 is critical for the TNF-driven interferon response in rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes”, in Experimental & Molecular Medicine, volume 51, →DOI, page 1:

fibroblast-like synoviocyte
w:fibroblast-like synoviocyte

(cytology) Initialism of fibroblast-like synoviocyte.


cellless

Salt tolerance, salt accumulation, and ionic homeostasis in an epidermal bladder-cellless mutant of the common ice plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Journal of Experimental Botany 58, 1957. Albert, R. (1975).

2011 May 10, Plant Responses to Drought and Salinity stress: Developments in a Post-Genomic Era, Academic Press, →ISBN, page 187:

However, the fluxes of potassium (k+) and chlorine (Cl-) cause a hyperpolarization making the cellless excitable. The opening of these channels is either voltage-dependent or linked to a neurotransmitter (Safini, Bouskraoui, Pédiatrie,[…]

2019 February 22, Kholoud Kahime, Moulay Abdelmonaim El Hidan, Omar El Hiba, Denis Sereno, Lahouari Bounoua, Handbook of Research on Global Environmental Changes and Human Health, IGI Global, →ISBN, page 326:

Germ cellless encodes a cell type-specific nuclear pore-associated protein and functions early in the germ-cell specification pathway of Drosophila. Genes Dev. 8, 2123–2136. Kasahara, K., Chida, K., Tsunenaga, M., Kohno, Y., Ikuta, T.,[…]

2003, Kwang W. Jeon, International Review of Cytology: A Survey of Cell Biology, Academic Press, →ISBN, page 53:


colony-forming unit

colony-forming unit (plural colony-forming units)

(cytology) A progenitor cell participating in hematopoiesis that gives rise to a particular lineage or type of blood cells.


zombie cell

Senescent cells are often referred to as "zombie cells," because even though they should be dead, they refuse to die. In the petri dish and in frozen, thinly sliced tissue sections, we can stain zombie cells blue because they make a rare enzyme called beta-galactosidase, and when we do that, they light up clearly.

2019, David A. Sinclair, Matthew D. LaPlante, Lifespan, Simon & Schuster, page 150:

Known as senolytic therapies, these drugs destroy the inflammation-producing zombie cells believed to be one of the causes of aging.

2020, Peter H. Diamandis, Steven Kotler, The Future Is Faster Than You Think, Simon & Schuster, page 175:

2022, Louann Brizendine, The Upgrade: How the Female Brain Gets Stronger and Better in Midlife and Beyond, Penguin Random House (Harmony Books), unnumbered page,
Without restful sleep, they can't do their job of balancing debris and inflammation, and that can lead to the emergence of zombie cells.

(cytology, informal) A senescent cell, which avoids programmed cell death (apoptosis) and may damage other cells (including causing them to become senescent) via secretions associated with senescence-associated secretory phenotype.


mitochondriate

From mitochondria + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).


HeLa cell

Named after the American cancer patient Henrietta Lacks.

named-after

(medicine, cytology) An immortal cell line that can divide an unlimited number of times in a laboratory cell culture plate, as long as fundamental cell survival conditions are met.


Chinese hamster ovary cell

en-noun

Chinese hamster ovary cell (plural Chinese hamster ovary cells)

(biology, zoology, cytology) A family of immortalized cell lines derived from the epithelial cells of the ovary of the Chinese hamster, often used in biological and medical research and commercially in the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins.


siDNA

(cytology, molecular biology) A class of short modified double-stranded DNA molecules, 8–64 base pairs in length.


ecDNA

(cytology, molecular biology) Any DNA that is found off the chromosomes, either inside or outside the nucleus of a cell.


microDNA

(cytology, molecular biology) The most abundant subtype of extrachromosomal circular DNA eccDNA in humans, typically ranging from 200-400 base pairs in length and enriched in non-repetitive genomic sequences with a high density of exons.


organellar DNA

(cytology, molecular biology) DNA contained in organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, outside the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.


chloroplast DNA

chloroplast DNA (plural chloroplast DNAs)

(cytology, molecular biology) DNA that is located in chloroplasts.


C-DNA

(cytology, molecular biology) One of the many possible double helical conformations of DNA, induced to take this form in particular conditions such as relatively low humidity and the presence of certain ions.


Hoogsteen base pair

Hoogsteen base pair (plural Hoogsteen base pairs)

(cytology, molecular biology) A variation of basepairing in nucleic acids such as the A•T pair.


eccDNA

(cytology, molecular biology) A type of double-stranded circular DNA structure found in the eukaryotic nuclei of plant and animal (including human) cells.


orthomitosis

The first is that division at any phase of the life eyele should be by this or that method (e.g., orthomitosis) and according to methods which have been studied in detail in the Metazoa.

1968, David Weinman, Miodrag Ristic, editors, Infectious Blood Diseases of Man and Animals, page 369:

Golgi bodies and mitochondria with tubular cristae are present, but not plastids; the nuclei show open orthomitosis during binary fission.

1991 October 3, Michael A. Sleigh, Protozoa and Other Protists, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 139:

In both closed intranuclear pleuromitosis and orthomitosis, the spindle remains entirely within the nucleus, though its positioning is different.

2010 December 7, Bernd Schierwater, Rob Desalle, editors, Key Transitions in Animal Evolution, CRC Press, page 12:

(cytology) A form of mitosis characterized by an axial, central, symmetric, and bipolar spindle.


immune cell

(cytology, immunology) A white blood cell that assists the body in fighting off infections and diseases.