nigger

niggers (plural)
n****r (alternative)
n-word (alternative)
nigga (alternative)
niggah (alternative)
nigguh (alternative)

Sranan Tongo: nengre

Aukan: nengee

Saramaccan: në́ngë

Probably immediately from Middle French nègre or Spanish and Portuguese negro (“a black African”); ultimately from Latin niger (“black”), thus a doublet of negro and noir. Compare Danish nigger, Swedish neger, German Nigger, Dutch nikker. First use appears c. 1577, in the writings of Edward Hellowes (fl. 1574–1601). The expected Modern English pronunciation would be with /iː/; compare neger. The modern pronunciation with /ɪ/ may be due to influence from the Latin etymon (compare the older Southern US pronunciation of negro with /ɪ/), but compare the dialectal American pronunciations of eagle and eager as /ˈɪɡəl/ and /ˈɪɡɚ/.

чёрный

note: негр m (negr) and негритя́нка f (negritjánka) are neutral terms

حبشی

offensive if intended otherwise 'Male Ethiopian/Abyssian'

حبشن

offensive if intended otherwise 'Female Ethiopian/Abyssinian'

Now to locate the portion of the machine which contains the "nigger."

1892, Western Electrician, volume 11, page 72:

(archaic, electrical) An impurity in the covering of an electrical conductor which serves to make a partial short circuit, and thus becomes sufficiently heated to burn and destroy the insulation.


absorption

en-noun

absorption (countable and uncountable, plural absorptions)

First attested in 1597. From Latin absorptiō (“a sucking in”), from absorbeō (“absorb”). Morphologically absorb + -tion.

اِسْتِيعَاب

act or process of absorbing or sucking in anything

абсо́рбция

act or process of being absorbed and made to disappear

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(electrical engineering) The retaining of electrical energy for a short time after it has been introduced to the dielectric.

dielektrisk absorpsjon

the retaining of electrical energy for a short time after it has been introduced to the dielectric


DC

DC (countable and uncountable, plural DCs)

(electrical) Initialism of direct current.

gelijkspanning

What can be measured over an open circuit or a resistance


OR

(electrical engineering) A logic gate to implement inclusive or.


leg

→ Finnish: legi

→ Hungarian: leg

From Middle English leg, legge, from Old Norse leggr (“leg, calf, bone of the arm or leg, hollow tube, stalk”), from Proto-Germanic *lagjaz, *lagwijaz (“leg, thigh”) (see it for more).
Cognate with Scots leg (“leg”), Icelandic leggur (“leg, limb”), Norwegian Bokmål legg (“leg”), Norwegian Nynorsk legg (“leg”), Swedish lägg (“leg, shank, shaft”), Danish læg (“leg”), Lombardic lagi (“thigh, shank, leg”), Latin lacertus (“limb, arm”), Persian لنگ (leng). Upon borrowing, mostly displaced the native Old English term sċanca (Modern English shank).

der

piss on someone's leg and tell them it's raining

(electrical) A branch circuit; one phase of a polyphase system.


lead

en-noun

lead (countable and uncountable, plural leads)

leads (plural)
lede (alternative)
leed (alternative)

From Middle English leden, from Old English lǣdan (“to lead”), from Proto-West Germanic *laidijan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną (“to cause one to go, lead”), causative of Proto-Germanic *līþaną (“to go”), from Proto-Indo-European *leyt- (“to leave, die”).
Cognate with West Frisian liede (“to lead”), Dutch leiden (“to lead”), German leiten (“to lead”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål lede (“to lead”), Norwegian Nynorsk leia (“to lead”), Swedish leda (“to lead”). Related to Old English līþan (“to go, travel”).

der

(electrical) The angle between the line joining the brushes of a continuous-current dynamo and the diameter symmetrical between the poles.

(electrical) The advance of the current phase in an alternating circuit beyond that of the electromotive force producing it.


dwell

From Middle English dwellen (“delay, live, remain, persist”), from Old English dwellan (“to mislead, deceive; be led into error, stray”), from Proto-Germanic *dwaljaną (“to hold up, delay; hesitate”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwelH- (“to whirl, swirl, blur, obfuscate”), which is cognate with Old Norse dvelja and related to Proto-Germanic *dwelaną (“to go astray”), which underwent semantic change in its descendants. Cognates include Danish dvæle (“to linger, dwell”) and Swedish dväljas (“to dwell, reside”).

cog

(electrical engineering) A planned delay in a timed control program.


tail

Sranan Tongo: tere

From Middle English tail, tayl, teil, from Old English tæġl (“tail”), from Proto-West Germanic *tagl, from Proto-Germanic *taglą (“hair, fiber; hair of a tail”), from Proto-Indo-European *doḱ- (“hair of the tail”), from Proto-Indo-European *deḱ- (“to tear, fray, shred”). Cognate with Scots tail (“tail”), Saterland Frisian Tail (“tail, end”), West Frisian teil (“tail”), Dutch teil (“tail, haulm, blade”), Low German Tagel (“twisted scourge, whip of thongs and ropes; end of a rope”), German Zagel (“tail”), dialectal Danish tavl (“hair of the tail”), Swedish tagel (“hair of the tail, horsehair”), Norwegian tagl (“tail”), Icelandic tagl (“tail, horsetail, ponytail”), Gothic 𐍄𐌰𐌲𐌻 (tagl, “hair”). In some senses, apparently by a generalization of the usual opposition between head and tail.

hali

of cattle, in addition to reptiles, amphibians, and basically all animals that do not fall into the other categories; also used for inanimate objects and figuratively

have the world by the tail on a downhill pull

mackerel sky and mare's-tails make lofty ships carry low sails

mackerel sky and mare's-tails make tall ships carry low sails

the cow knows not the worth of its tail till it loses it

trust someone as far as one could fling a bull by the tail

(electrical engineering) Synonym of pigtail (“a short length of twisted electrical wire”)


ABC

en-noun

ABC (countable and uncountable, plural ABCs)

As a matter of fact, when numerically handling a model originally established on an unbounded domain, it is compulsory to impose the pertinent ABC to terminate the endless mesh while retaining a well-posed and stable simulation.

2008, Nikolaos V. Kantartzis, Theodoros D. Tsiboukis, Modern EMC Analysis Techniques I: Time-Domain Computational Schemes, Morgan & Claypool, →ISBN, page 180:

boundary condition
boundary condition#English

(electrical engineering) Initialism of absorbing boundary condition.


output

output (countable and uncountable, plural outputs)

From out + (verb) put; nominalisation of put out.

That which is produced by something, especially that which is produced within a particular time period or from a particular effort.

(electrical engineering) The amount of power produced by a particular system.

(computing, electrical engineering) The terminal through which the data or power is delivered from the source, output terminal.


delta

From Ancient Greek δέλτα (délta), borrowed from a Phoenician word for "door", ultimately from Proto-Semitic *dalt-. Doublet of dalet.
* (river): from the triangular shape of the majuscule Greek letter delta Δ
* (USSF): from the delta wing, symbol of the USSF, a triangular wing, shaped like the majuscule Greek letter delta Δ

delta winding; delta connection; delta current

(electrical, often attributive) The closed figure produced by connecting three coils or circuits successively, end for end, especially in a three-phase system.


discrete

en-adj

discrete (comparative more discrete, superlative most discrete)

more discrete (comparative)
most discrete (superlative)

From Old French discret, from Latin discrētus, past participle of discernō (“divide”), from dis- + cernō (“sift”). Doublet of discreet.

(electrical engineering) Having separate electronic components, such as individual diodes, transistors and resistors, as opposed to integrated circuitry.


If the NOT gate input is 1, the output is 0.

(electrical engineering) The off or low bit state.


tap

The noun is derived from Middle English tappe (“hollow device for controlling the flow of liquid from a hole, cock, faucet, spigot; hole through which the liquid flows; the liquid which thus flows”), from Old English tæppa, from Proto-West Germanic *tappō, from Proto-Germanic *tappô (“a plug, tap; peg; tapering stick”), from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂p- (“to lose; to sacrifice”).
The verb is derived from Middle English tappen (“to obtain (liquid, chiefly liquor) from a tap; to obtain and sell (liquor)”), from Old English tæppian (“to provide (a container) with a stopper; to obtain (liquid) from a tap”), and then either:
* from Old English tæppa (see above) + -ian (suffix forming verbs); or
* from Proto-Germanic *tappōną, from *tappô (noun) (see above).
Verb sense 1.3.5 (“to turn over (a playing card or playing piece) to remind players that it has already been used in that round”) alludes to the abilities or resources of the card or piece having been drawn on to the point of temporary exhaustion: see verb sense 1.3.2.

rubinet

hollow device used to control the flow of a fluid — see also faucet

The system was barely keeping pressure due to all of the ill-advised taps along its length.

(British, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering) A connection made to an electrical or fluid conductor without breaking it; a tapping.

mechanical engineering
mechanical engineering


form

en-verb

form (third-person singular simple present forms, present participle forming, simple past and past participle formed)

forms (present singular third-person)
forming (participle present)
formed (participle past)
formed (past)
form (infinitive)
forme (alternative)

From Middle English forme (“shape, figure, manner, bench, frame, seat, condition, agreement, etc.”), borrowed from Old French forme, from Latin fōrma (“shape, figure, image, outline, plan, mold, frame, case, etc., manner, sort, kind, etc.”).
In sense "division grouping school students" (now dated), derived from public school nomenclature later adopted by state schools. It is sometimes said to be from the sense of "bench", where students of certain ages would sit together, though this is disputed, or alternatively from the sense of "established method of expression or practice".

der

(electrical, historical, transitive) To treat (plates) to prepare them for introduction into a storage battery, causing one plate to be composed more or less of spongy lead, and the other of lead peroxide. This was formerly done by repeated slow alternations of the charging current, but later the plates or grids were coated or filled, one with a paste of red lead and the other with litharge, introduced into the cell, and formed by a direct charging current.


slip

From Middle English slippen, probably from Middle Low German slippen, from Old Saxon *slippian, from Proto-West Germanic *slippjan, from Proto-Germanic *slipjaną (“to glide”), an iterative form of *slīpaną (“to slip, slide”), from Proto-Indo-European *sleyb- (“slimy; to slide”). Possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *slewbʰ- (“slip, slide”), or related to Proto-Germanic *slībaną (“to split”); related to Old English slipor (“slippery”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian slipje (“to slip”), Dutch slippen (“to slip”), German Low German slippen, slupen (“to slip”), German schlüpfen (“to slip”).

there's many a slip between the cup and the lip

there's many a slip twixt the cup and the lip

(electrical) The difference between the actual and synchronous speeds of an induction motor.


traveller

travellers (plural)
traveler (alternative)

From Middle English traveler, travelour, travailere, travailour (“worker", also "traveller”), equivalent to travel + -er. Compare Anglo-Norman travailur, travailour, Old French travailleor, travelleeur, travelier.

(electrical engineering) One of the wires connecting the two members of a pair of three-way switches.


sleeve

From Middle English sleve, slefe, from Old English slīef and slīefe (“sleeve”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Sleeuwe (“sleeve”), West Frisian slúf, Dutch sloof (“apron”), Low German sluve, dialectal German Schlaube.
The Canadian sense of “measure smaller than a pint” is due to a former conflict between federal law and provincial law in British Columbia. According to federal law, a pint must be 20 imperial ounces (~568 ml), but according to provincial law at the time, the maximum individual serving size was 500 ml, so an individual portion could not be called a “pint” in British Columbia, and required a different term. The provincial law has been changed, allowing servings of up to 24 oz (~682 ml), but the term remains in use. The term sleeve itself for a cylindrical glass of beer is also found in the UK and Australia (as sleever), and may be due to stacked glasses resembling a sleeve.

(electrical engineering) A double tube of copper into which the ends of bare wires are pushed so that when the tube is twisted an electrical connection is made. The joint thus made is called a McIntire joint.


-or

From Middle English -our, from Old French -eor, from Latin -ātor; reinforced by Old French -or and its source, Latin -tor, -tōrem.

Resistors possess resistance and inductors possess inductance.

extensive property
extensive property#English

(electrical science) Appended to the names of members of classes of components, especially those that have an extensive property name of the same root suffixed with -ance


sheath

From Middle English sheth, shethe (“holder for a sword, knife, etc., scabbard, sheath”) [and other forms], from Old English sċēaþ (“sheath”), from Proto-West Germanic *skaiþiju, from Proto-Germanic *skaiþiz (“sheath; covering”), from Proto-Indo-European *skey- (“to dissect, split”) (possibly from the notion of a split stick with a sword inserted).
The English word is cognate with Danish skede, Dutch schede, Icelandic skeið, German Scheide, Low German scheed, Norwegian skjede.

nb...

chethe, scǽð, scaþ, schede, schete, scheth, schethe, seaþ, seeth, seth, sethe, shæþ, shede, sheethe, sheith, (Southwest) ssethe, sseþe, (early forms) scæðe, scaþe, seaþe

der

(electrical engineering) The insulating outer cover of an electrical cable.


phase

From New Latin phasis, from Ancient Greek φάσις (phásis, “an appearance”), from φάω (pháō, “to shine”); compare phantasm and see face.

vaihe

rugby union: period of play between breakdowns

(electrical engineering) In a polyphase electrical power system, one of the power-carrying conductors, or the alternating current carried by it.


spaghetti

en-noun

spaghetti (usually uncountable, plural spaghettis)

The noun is borrowed from Italian spaghetti, the plural of spaghetto (“dish of spaghetti; (rare) strand of spaghetti”), from spago (“cord, string, twine; thread”) + -etto (diminutive suffix). Spago is derived from Latin spagus (“twine”), probably from Ancient Greek σφάκος (sphákos, “apple sage (Salvia pomifera)”), probably from Pre-Greek.
The verb is derived from the noun.

مَعْكَرُونَة

type of pasta made in the shape of long thin strings

spagetti

something physically resembling spaghetti (sense 1) in appearance or consistency, or in being tangled

(by extension, uncountable, informal, often attributively) Something physically resembling spaghetti (sense 1) in appearance or consistency, or in being tangled.

(electrical engineering) Electrical insulating tubing or electrical wiring.

bužírka

electrical insulating tubing; electrical wiring


load

The sense of “burden” first arose in the 13th century as a secondary meaning of Middle English lode, loade, which had the main significance of “way, course, journey”, from Old English lād (“course, journey; way, street, waterway; leading, carrying; maintenance, support”) (ultimately from Proto-Germanic *laidō (“leading, way”), Proto-Indo-European *leyt- (“to go, go forth, die”).
Cognate with Middle Low German leide (“entourage, escort”), German Leite (“line, course, load”), Swedish led (“way, trail, line”), Icelandic leið (“way, course, route”)). As such, load is a doublet of lode, which has preserved the older meaning.
Most likely, the semantic extension of the Middle English substantive arose by conflation with the (etymologically unrelated) verb lade; however, Middle English lode occurs only as a substantive; the transitive verb load (“to charge with a load”) is recorded only in the 16th century (frequently in Shakespeare),
and (except for the participle laden) has largely supplanted lade in modern English.
For the meaning development from PIE, compare Latin carrus (whence carry) akin to currō.

cog

I'm worried that the load on that transformer will be too high.

(electrical engineering) The electrical current or power delivered by a device.

حِمْل

the electrical current or power delivered by a device

Connect a second 24-ohm load across the power supply's output terminals.

(electrical engineering) Any component that draws current or power from an electrical circuit.

това́р

(electrical engineering) any component that draws current or power from an electrical circuit


slot

From Middle English slot, from Old French esclot, likely from Old Norse slóð (“track”). As a gambling machine, via clipping of slot machine. Compare sleuth. The scheduling (calendar) sense is by a metaphor whereby the time span is equated with the segment of a page or part of a device that represents it.

According to Pro Football Focus, Simmons, listed at 6-foot-4 and 238 pounds, played at least 100 snaps at five positions — slot cornerback, edge rusher, linebacker and both safety spots — and finished with 16½ tackles for a loss, eight sacks, eight pass deflections and three interceptions.

2020 April 24, Ken Belson, Ben Shpigel, “Full Round 1 2020 N.F.L. Picks and Analysis”, in New York Time:

She'd like him jammed into her slot, like him to crank into her and she didn't think ignition would be far off if he did.

2006, Shelby Reed, Madison Hayes, Love a Younger Man, page 165:

Valerie sighed with pleasure as her husband skillfully found her slot and inserted the head of his straining prick inside, then bucked its thick-stemmed length all the way up her sex-channel.

2006, Rod Waleman, The Stepdaughters, page 20:

(electrical) A channel opening in the stator or rotor of a rotating machine for ventilation and insertion of windings.


wild

en-adj

wild (comparative wilder, superlative wildest)

wilder (comparative)
wildest (superlative)

From Middle English wild, wilde, from Old English wilde, from Proto-West Germanic *wilþī, from Proto-Germanic *wilþijaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“hair, wool, grass, ear (of corn), forest”).
Cognates
Cognate with West Frisian wyld, Dutch wild, German wild, Danish vild, Swedish vild, Norwegian vill, Icelandic villtur.

wild chamomile

Matricaria discoidea or Tripleurospermum inodorum

wild pink

Silene caroliniana or Dianthus sect. Fimbriatum spp.

The aircraft's navigational equipment should not be powered from the wild AC bus except in an emergency, as its computers can be damaged by variations in electrical frequency.

(electrical engineering) Of unregulated and varying frequency.


yoke

From Middle English yok, yoke, ȝok from Old English ġeoc (“yoke”), from Proto-Germanic *juką (“yoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm (“yoke”), from *yewg- (“to join; to tie together, yoke”). Doublet of yuga, jugum, yoga and possibly yogh.
Senses 3.1 (“area of arable land”) and 3.2 (“amount of work done with draught animals”) probably referred to the area of land that could generally be ploughed by yoked draught animals within a given time.

poikkipuu

linking or supporting object that resembles a yoke

駕駛桿 /驾驶杆

device with crosspieces used to control an aircraft

iugum

unit of land area notionally equivalent to the area a team of yoked draft animals can work in a day

Senses relating to a frame around the neck.

Any of various linking or supporting objects that resembles a yoke (sense 1.1); a crosspiece, a curved bar, etc.

(electrical engineering) Originally, a metal piece connecting the poles of a magnet or electromagnet; later, a part of magnetic circuit (such as in a generator or motor) not surrounded by windings (“wires wound around the cores of electrical transformers”).

ies

metal piece connecting the poles of a magnet or electromagnet; part of magnetic circuit (such as in a generator or motor) not surrounded by windings


fuse

Back-formation of fusion (“to melt”), first to verbal sense, then noun.

(electrical engineering) A device to prevent excessive overcurrent from overload or short circuit in an electrical circuit, containing a component that melts and interrupts the current when too high a load is passed through it.

smeltdraad

device preventing overloading of a circuit


breaker

From Middle English breker, brekere, equivalent to break + -er. Cognate with Dutch breker, German Low German Breker, German Brecher.

буренце

small cask of water in case of shipwreck

breaker panel

(electrical engineering) Ellipsis of circuit breaker.


splice

Circa 1525, borrowed from Middle Dutch splissen (Modern Dutch splitsen); akin to Middle Dutch splitten (“to split”), German spleißen (“to split, splice”), Spliss (“split ends, hair breakage”), French épisser (also from Dutch). The Dutch word originally referred only to the fraying of the ropes' ends but was then also used for the entire process of fraying and retying; hence the peculiar semantic development from “split” to “join”. The same development occurred in German.

(electrical) The electrical and mechanical connection between two pieces of wire or cable.

ялғау

electrical and mechanical connection between wires


power inverter

rectifier

antonym(s) of “a device that converts DC electricity to AC”

(electrical engineering) A device that converts direct current electricity to alternating current electricity.

инвертор

a device that converts DC electricity into AC


winding

en-noun

winding (countable and uncountable, plural windings)

The noun is derived from Middle English winding, windinge, wyndynge (“directional change, curve, turn; bend of the leg at the knee; meandering course of a river; act of turning and twisting; twisting of things (especially thread) together; wrapping of a cloth around something; wattling of a structure; wattle(s); ornamentation with interwoven patterns; hoisting of something”) [and other forms], and then partly:
* from winden, wynden (“to go, move; to move forcefully or suddenly; to direct, guide, lead; to go along a meandering or twisting course; to move in a circular pattern, revolve, turn; to move restlessly, toss and turn; to wriggle free; to move with a turning or twisting motion, bend, turn, twist; to form or mould (something) in one’s hands; to mix together; to cover; to clothe, dress; to wrap (a baby, a corpse, etc.); to encircle, surround; to bind; to interlace; to winch; (figurative) to conceal, disguise; to embroil, involve”) + -ing, -inge (suffix forming gerund nouns, and the present participle forms of verbs).; and
* from Old English windung (“woven object”), from windan (“to twist, wind; to circle, curl, eddy, spiral”) (from Proto-Germanic *windaną (“to wind; to wrap”), from Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to turn; to wind”)) + -ung (suffix forming nouns denoting a verbal action or something involved in a verbal action).
The adjective is derived from the verb.
The English word is analysable as wind (“to turn coils of (a cord, etc.) around something; to encircle, enfold, entwist, wrap; to travel in a way that is not straight”) + -ing (suffix forming present participial adjectives and verbs, and nouns denoting an action or the embodiment of an action).

suffix

(electrical engineering) A length of wire wound around the armature of an electric motor or the core of an electrical transformer.


actuator

[ˈæk.t͡ʃʉ.æɪ.ɾə(ɹ)]

From actuate + -or. First attested in 1652.

(electrical) A relay that controls the flow of electricity.

aktuaattori

a relay that controls the flow of electricity


resonant

en-adj

resonant (comparative more resonant, superlative most resonant)

more resonant (comparative)
most resonant (superlative)

Borrowed from French résonnant or Latin resonāre (“to resound”).

(electrical, of a circuit) Adjusted as to dimensions so that currents or electric surgings are produced by the passage of electric waves of a given frequency.


bushing

From bush (“metal lining of the axle hole of a wheel or touch hole of a gun”) + -ing.

suf

(electrical engineering) A lining for an opening through which a conductor passes, providing insulation and mechanical protection for the conductor.

läpivientieristin

electrical engineering: lining to insulate and protect


Fourier transform

en-noun

Fourier transform (plural Fourier transforms)

Fourier transforms (plural)
FT (alternative)

Named after French mathematician and physicist Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier, who initiated the study of what is now harmonic analysis.

Fourier transforms are not limited to acting on functions of time, but the domain of the original function is commonly called the time domain.

The Fourier transform of a function of time is a complex function of frequency, whose magnitude (absolute value) represents the amount of that frequency present in the original function, and whose argument is the phase offset of the basic sinusoid in that frequency.

Since a separate integration is needed to give each point of the transformed function, the process would become extremely tedious if it were to be attempted manually and many ingenious devices have been invented for preforming Fourier transforms mechanically, electrically, acoustically and optically.

2002, J. F. James, A Student's Guide to Fourier Transforms, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, page 116:

2005, Emmanuel Letellier, Fourier Transforms of Invariant Functions on Finite Reductive Lie Algebras, Springer, Lecture Notes in Mathematics 1859, page 1,
The trigonometric sums of 𝒢^F are thus (up to a scalar) the Fourier transforms of the characteristic functions of the G^F!!-orbits of 𝒢^F.

2012, David Brandwood, Fourier Transforms in Radar and Signal Processing, Artech House, 2nd Edition, page 1,
The Fourier transform is a valuable theoretical technique, used widely in fields such as applied mathematics, statistics, physics, and engineering.

mathematical analysis
mathematical analysis

(mathematical analysis, harmonic analysis, physics, electrical engineering) A particular integral transform that when applied to a function of time (such as a signal), converts the function to one that plots the original function's frequency composition; the resultant function of such a conversion.

Fourier transform
Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier

Fouriertransformatie

mathematics: a type of integral transform


transformer

transformers (plural)
tformer (alternative)
t-former (alternative)
transformator (alternative)

/tɹɑːnsˈfɔːmə/

While initial reports Thursday traced the glow to a transformer explosion or a fire, Mr. McGee said there was no fire, and there were no transformers involved.

2018 December 28, Michael Gold, “How an Explosion (Not Aliens) Turned New York’s Night Sky an Electric Blue”, in The New York Times:

(electrical engineering) A static device that transfers electric energy from one circuit to another by magnetic coupling; primarily used to transfer energy between different voltage levels, which allows the most appropriate voltages for power generation, transmission and distribution to be chosen separately.

transformator

device that changes the characteristics of AC electricity


biased

en-adj

biased (comparative more biased, superlative most biased)

more biased (comparative)
most biased (superlative)
biassed (alternative)

(electrical engineering) On which an electrical bias is applied.


omnidirectional

/ɒmˈnɪdɪˈɹɛk.ʃə.nəl/

The radiation pattern of an omnidirectional antenna looks like a doughnut, with the antenna in the center of the doughnut, as depicted in Figure 17.1.

2004, Harold Davis, Absolute Beginner's Guide to Wi-Fi Wireless Networking, Que Publishing, →ISBN, page 227:

(physics, electrical engineering) Having a ring-shaped radiation pattern, with equal radiation in all azimuthal directions.


CPO

charge point operator
charge point operator#English

(automotive, electrical) Initialism of charge point operator.


inverter

inverters (plural)
invertor (alternative)

(electrical engineering) A power inverter.


home run

home runs (plural)
homerun (alternative)

Spanish: jonrón

Japanese: ホームラン (hōmuran)

Korean: 홈런 (homneon)

Russian: хоум-ра́н (xoum-rán)

(electrical engineering) A connection from a central distribution point or circuit breaker to a destination.


short circuit

short circuits (plural)
short-circuit (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-short circuit.wav

(electrical engineering) A usually unintentional connection of low resistance or impedance in a circuit such that excessive and often damaging current flows in it.


converter

converters (plural)
convertor (alternative)

time stretch analog-to-digital converter

(electrical engineering) A device that changes voltage or frequency, for example one that converts alternating current to direct current.


PFC

en-noun

PFC (countable and uncountable, plural PFCs)

power factor correction
power factor correction#English

(electrical engineering) Initialism of power factor correction.


detection

detection (countable and uncountable, plural detections)

→ German: Detektion

Learned borrowing from Latin dētēctiōnem. By surface analysis, detect + -ion.

lbor

(electrical engineering) The act or process of finding or detecting an electrical signal in a carrier wave.


pigtail

pigtails (plural)
pig-tail (alternative)

(electrical engineering) A short length of twisted electrical wire.


nacelle

PIE word
 *néh₂us
Borrowed from French nacelle (“rowing boat, skiff; gondola (of a hot-air balloon, etc.); structure on an aircraft to house an engine”), Middle French nacelle (“rowing boat, skiff”), from Old French nacele, from Late Latin naucella, nāvicella (“small boat or ship”), from Latin nāvis (“a ship”) (from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂us (“a boat”)) + -ella (diminutive suffix).
Cognates
* Anglo-Norman naucele, naucle (“small boat”)
* Late Latin nacella (“small boat”)

bor

(electrical engineering) The part between the rotor and tower of a wind turbine.


daisy chain

daisy chains (plural)
daisy-chain (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-daisy chain.wav

PIE word
 *dagaz
The noun is derived from daisy + chain. The verb is derived from the noun.

ketju

thing resembling a daisy chain in having several elements connected together

daisy-chainer

person who participates in a daisy chain (group-sex formation)

(by extension) A thing resembling a daisy chain (sense 1) in having several elements connected together, often in a circle.

(also electrical engineering) Several electrical or electronic devices linked in series by their data or power connections, or both.

şleyf qoşulması

several electrical or electronic devices linked in series


autotransformer

One of the principal features of the ordinary configurations of the transformer [...] is the electrical isolation that exists between the primary and secondary windings. [...] Whenever large transformation ratios are involved, safety demands that ordinary transformers be used. However, in instances where the transformation ratio is close to unity (which minimizes the hazard), a transformer employing a single tapped winding may be used with notable advantages.
[...] This arrangement is called the autotransformer.

1990, Vincent Del Toro, chapter 2, in Basic Electric Machines, →ISBN, page 89:

(electrical engineering) A transformer with a single winding, its output being taken from taps.


XOR

(electrical engineering) A logic gate that implements "exclusive or".


ESS

energy storage system
energy storage system#English

(electrical) Abbreviation of energy storage system.


switchboard

(electrical engineering) A large piece of power-distribution equipment that directs electricity to multiple loads.


teaser

→ German: Teaser

(electrical) A shunt winding on field magnets for maintaining their magnetism when the main circuit is open.


I/O

I/Os (plural)
IO (alternative)
i/o (alternative)

In addition to the synchronous blocking I/O explored in the last two chapters, NIO also supports nonblocking I/O.

It reduces I/O latency, for selected eligible I/Os, to the point that z/OS no longer needs to undispatch the running task.

2021, Peter Kimmel, Sherri Brunson, Lisa Martinez, IBM DS8900F Performance Best Practices and Monitoring (page 22)

(computing, electrical engineering) Abbreviation of input/output.


tapping

en-noun

tapping (countable and uncountable, plural tappings)

The essential feature is that two adjacent transformer tappings are connected to the load simultaneously, each connection having a self-excited transductor in series; […].

1962 June, “Talking of Trains: Notable new locomotives”, in Modern Railways, page 373:

(electrical engineering) A connection made to some point between the end terminals of a transformer coil or other component.


alternator

(electrical engineering) An electric generator which produces alternating current through mechanical means.

alternadore

an electric generator which produces alternating current


implicant

(electrical engineering) On a Karnaugh map: a set of ones (whose quantity is a power of two) which are related by adjacency (i.e., the set is connected, if the Karnaugh map is considered to be a graph which "wraps around" its edges, like a torus; and all elements of the subgraph induced by the set have the same degree). Equivalently, in terms of Boolean algebra, a product term which, when true, always implies that the given Boolean function is true.


immunisation

immunisation (countable and uncountable, plural immunisations)

From French immunisation. Equivalent to immunise + -ation or immune + -isation.

"Secondly, we have to find more cost-effective ways of electrifying. And we've had a real breakthrough in the last couple of years in terms of bridge clearances and immunisation, meaning we've been able to take hundreds of millions of pounds off the cost of electrification.

2020 May 20, Andrew Haines talks to Stefanie Foster, “Repurpose rail for the 2020s”, in Rail, page 33:

(rail transport, electrical engineering) The process of immunising signalling and traction power supplies so they don't interfere with each other.


grounding

grounding (countable and uncountable, plural groundings)

(electrical engineering) The interconnecting metal chassis/frame of a device, appliance, machine, or metal raceway via a designated conductor to earth at the service panel. It may be bare or covered, and does not carry current in normal operation.

maadoitus

electrical engineering: interconnection of metal chassis of a device to earth


power factor

The power factor is of interest because it is a measure of the power which does useful work.

(electrical, engineering) The ratio of the actual power to the apparent power in an alternating current power system; specifically, the cosine of the phase angle between the voltage and the current.


single-phasing

(electrical engineering) The abnormal operation of a three-phase machine when its supply is changed by the accidental opening of one conductor.


polyphase circuit

polyphase circuit (plural polyphase circuits)

(electrical) A group of alternating current circuits having two or more interrelated voltages, usually of equal amplitudes, phase differences, and periods, etc; if a neutral conductor exists, the voltages referenced to the neutral are equal in amplitude and phase; the most common version is that of 3-phase, equal in amplitude with phases 120 degrees apart.


MICTOR

(electrical engineering, microelectronics) Acronym of matched impedance connector.


SPM

SPM (countable and uncountable, plural SPMs)

permanent magnet
permanent magnet#English

(electrical engineering, countable) Initialism of surface permanent magnet.


contactor

Compressed air is used for the operation of certain contactors, the sanders, the horn, and the re-fuelling equipment, but vacuum brakes are fitted to the locomotive.

1951 January, “Diesel-Electric Branch-Line Locomotive for British Railways”, in Railway Magazine, page 71:

(electrical engineering) A relay used to control an electrical power circuit


switchgear

switchgear (countable and uncountable, plural switchgears)

switchgears (plural)
switch gear (alternative)

The track-sectioning cabins house not only switchgear for the traction current, but also transformers to provide power supplies to the signalling equipment.

1961 December, “Planning the London Midland main-line electrification”, in Trains Illustrated, page 722:

(electrical engineering) A device used to control, meter, protect, and regulate electronics as part of electricity generation, transmission, and distribution.


directivity

directivity (countable and uncountable, plural directivities)

(physics, electrical engineering) A measure of the performance of an antenna compared to an isotropic antenna; the ratio of the maximum value of radiation intensity to the average radiation intensity.


disconnector

(electrical engineering) A switching device used to open an electric circuit when there is no current through it. They are used to isolate a part of an electrical system to allow the maintenance staff a safe access to it.


interpole

Both types, however, were without interpoles and had sleeve bearings which required constant attention for lubrication.

1951 January, “The Inner Circle and its Rolling Stock”, in Railway Magazine, page 59:

During the same 29 min. the rise in temperature of the interpole windings of the main generator was 30° C.

1960 May, “Testing a Brush Type "2" diesel locomotive”, in Trains Illustrated, page 304:

(electrical engineering) An auxiliary pole of a commutator placed between the main poles to increase its efficiency.


CPC

CPC (countable and uncountable, plural CPCs)

CPCs (plural)
C.P.C. (alternative)
C. P. C. (alternative)

circuit protective conductor
circuit protective conductor#English

(electrical engineering, UK) Initialism of circuit protective conductor.


synchro

synchro (countable and uncountable, plural synchros)

Abbreviation of synchronization or synchronized.

abbrev

(electrical engineering) A type of rotary electrical transformer that is used for measuring the angle of a rotating machine such as an antenna platform. In its general physical construction, it is much like an electric motor.

сельси́н

a type of rotary transformer used for measuring the angle of a rotating machine


bounceless

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-bounceless.wav

(electrical engineering) That does not require debouncing.


antimetric

A Butterworth filter with an odd number of elements is symmetric while one with an even number of elements is antimetric.

(electrical engineering) The converse of symmetric in electrical network theory, especially filter theory. A network where the input and output image impedances are the dual, or inverse, of each other as opposed to symmetric networks where they are equal.

antimétrico

the converse of symmetric in electrical network theory


transformator

If there is at hand a source of energy of 500 KW., a transformator is needed. In the case of a dynamo as well as in the case of the transformator, the cost is about the same, $8,000, not including the motor.

1910, American Sugar Industry and Beet Sugar Gazette:

(electrical engineering) Archaic form of transformer.


inlead

en-verb

inlead (third-person singular simple present inleads, present participle inleading, simple past and past participle inled)

inleads (present singular third-person)
inleading (participle present)
inled (participle past)
inled (past)

From Middle English inleden (“to lead or bring in, introduce”), from Old English inlǣdan (“to lead in, bring in, introduce, conduct”), equivalent to in- + lead. Cognate with Dutch inleiden (“to initiate; introduce”), German einleiten (“to initiate; introduce”), Danish indlede (“to introduce”), Swedish inleda (“to introduce”).

cog

Helge Lundholm
new afferent or inleading processes might be set up tending, themselves, towards the mathematical point of interaction

(transitive, mechanical and electrical) To lead into; conduct.


inlead

a cathode inlead

inlead tube

(mechanical and electrical) A conduit, channel or wire leading into a container or device.


abvolt

(electricity, electrical engineering, dated) A unit of electrical potential equal to one hundred millionth of a volt (10⁻⁸ volts), used in the centimeter-gram-second system of units.


abwatt

(electrical engineering) A unit of electrical power equal to one ten-millionth of a watt (10⁻⁷ watts), used in the centimeter-gram-second system of units.


permutator

(electrical) A special form of rotary converter with stationary commutator and rotating brushes, in which the exciting field is induced by the alternating current in a short-circuited magnetic core instead of being produced by an external magnet.


PAT

en-noun

PAT (countable and uncountable, plural PATs)

portable appliance testing
w:portable appliance testing

(electrical engineering, UK, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia) Initialism of portable appliance testing.


air cell

metal-air electrochemical cell
metal-air electrochemical cell

(electrical engineering) An electrochemical cell that uses air as a terminal, such as the metal-air electrochemical cell.


positive logic

(electrical engineering) The use of the higher voltage level to represent the Boolean value 1 and the lower voltage level to represent the Boolean value 0. For instance: ~5v is equal to logical 1₂, and ~0v is equal to 0₂.


negative logic

(electrical engineering) The use of the higher(positive) voltage level to represent the Boolean value 0 and the lower voltage(negative) level to represent the Boolean value 1.


combinational logic

combinational logic (countable and uncountable, plural combinational logics)

(electrical engineering) A form of digital circuit logic where the current outputs are entirely a function of the current inputs, without having a memory of previous inputs or states.


sequential logic

Sequential logic is used to construct finite state machines.

(electrical engineering) A form of digital circuit logic where the current outputs depend not only on the current inputs, but also on a memory of past inputs and states.


XNOR

(electrical engineering) A logic gate which is the inverse of XOR.


prime implicant

prime implicant (plural prime implicants)

An implicant (Boolean product term) which is called "prime" because none of its proper factors is itself an implicant.

(electrical engineering) A group of related 1's (implicant) on a Karnaugh map which is not subsumed by any other implicant in the same map. Equivalently (in terms of Boolean algebra), a product term which is a "minimal" implicant in the sense that removing any of its literals will yield a product term which is not an implicant (but beware: on a Karnaugh map it would appear "maximal").

(electrical engineering) A group of related 0's (implicant) on a Karnaugh map which is not subsumed by any other implicant (of 0's) in the same map.


essential prime implicant

essential prime implicant (plural essential prime implicants)

(electrical engineering) A prime implicant on a Karnaugh map which "covers" at least one 1 which is not covered by any other prime implicant.


non-essential prime implicant

non-essential prime implicant (plural non-essential prime implicants)

(electrical engineering) On a Karnaugh map: a prime implicant which does not cover any 1 which cannot covered by some other prime implicant.


Leyden jar

Leyden jars (plural)
Leiden jar (alternative)

/ˈlaɪdən ˌdʒɑɹ/

Named after the city of Leiden (in the Netherlands), where it was invented.

(electrical engineering, historical) A glass jar or bottle used to accumulate static electricity between two electrodes.

قَارُورَة لَيْدَن

glass jar used to accumulate static electricity


XAND

(electrical engineering, rare) XNOR, a logic gate.


XNAND

(electrical engineering, rare) XOR, a logic gate


VDC

(electrical) Initialism of volt of direct current.


slab line

As most of air-dielectric lines the shielded slab line is particularly recommended for operation at high peak and average powers.

2008, Stanislaw Rosloniec, Fundamental Numerical Methods for Electrical Engineering, page 258:

The line continues through the side wall of the waveguide where it transitions to an air-dielectric stripline consisting of cavity 2 with a metallic slab line.

2013, Bert Henderson , Edmar Camargo, Microwave Mixer Technology and Applications, page 361:

As shown in Figure 13.2, it is based on a slab line, consisting of two parallel ground planes with a center main line, plus a reflective element (a conductive “probe”).

2013, Valeria Teppati, Andrea Ferrero, Mohamed Sayed, Modern RF and Microwave Measurement Techniques, page 348:

(electrical engineering) A central conductor surrounded by two planar ground slabs.


Yablochkov candle

Yablochkov candle (plural Yablochkov candles)

Named after its inventor, Pavel Yablochkov.

(electrical engineering) A type of electric carbon arc lamp.


selsyn

→ Russian: сельси́н (selʹsín)

(electrical engineering) A synchro whose currents are used directly to drive a receiver synchro that rotates in unison with the synchro transmitter.


junction box

(electrical engineering) A box through which the main conductors of a system of electric distribution pass, and where connection is made with branch circuits or to extend circuits.


hammer break

[…] a form of contact device was adopted of the commutator and brush type, having rubbing contacts only, and doing away with all platinum points and hammer breaks.

1903, The Horseless Age, volume 11, page 645:

(electrical) An interrupter in which contact is broken by the movement of an automatically vibrating hammer between a contact piece and an electromagnet, or of a rapidly moving piece mechanically driven.


pressure wire

(electrical) Any of a set of wires leading from various points of an electrical system to a central station, where a voltmeter indicates the potential of the system at those points.


core loss

core loss (countable and uncountable, plural core losses)

(electrical) Energy wasted by hysteresis or eddy currents in the core of an armature, transformer, etc.


hotel load

Possibly from the fact that this type of electrical load relates to the human occupancy aspects of a vehicle such as air conditioning and lighting, analogous to the features of a hotel.

Auxiliary power units provide electricity to all systems aboard a ship except main propulsion. These systems include hotel services (lighting, plumbing, and pumps for water), […] Cruise ships […] have big hotel loads; hence, quiet, unobtrusive fuel cell auxiliary power units may be particularly suited for this type of ship.

1986 February, Office of Technology Assessment, United States Congress, “Other Transportation Applications”, in Marine Applications for Fuel Cell Technology: A Technical Memorandum, Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 29, column 1:

As well as providing the propulsive power, the batteries also have to provide power for the operation of sensors, weapons and auxiliary machinery and those for habitability, ventilation and air-conditioning of the crew. They constitute a steady drain on the batteries, governed by the length of time submerged, and together are termed the Hotel Load.

1994, Roy Burcher, Louis J. Rydill, Concepts in Submarine Design (Cambridge Ocean Technology Series; 2), Cambridge, New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 125–126:

The "hotel load" (i.e., the electricity required for people), in watts per square foot, was multiplied by the module area[…].

1997 May, “Appendix C: Environmental Impacts Analysis Methods”, in Final Waste Management Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for Managing Treatment, Storage, and Disposal of Radioactive and Hazardous Waste (DOE/EIS-0200-F), volume III of V, Washington, D.C.: Office of Environmental Management, United States Department of Energy, →OCLC, page C-17:

[I]n heavy-duty, long haul trucking as much as 40 percent of engine run time is spent idling to provide auxiliary (nonmotive) power. Many of these energy demands are "hotel" loads, for example, heating or cooling a sleeping/living compartment, refrigerators, stoves, entertainment systems, and so forth.

2003?, Kenneth S. Kurani, Daniel Sperling, “Introduction to the VIII Biennial Asilomar Conference on Transportation, Energy, and Environmental Policy: Managing Transitions”, in Dan Sperling, Ken Kurani, editors, Transportation, Energy, and Environmental Policy: VIII Biennial Asilomar Conference, September 11–12, 2001, Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, →ISBN, page 9:

Here the total electrical power consumed by the vehicle, P, is equal to the sum of the propulsion power, P#95;#123;prop#125; and hotel load, H. Hotel load is simply the power consumed by all subsystems other than propulsion.

2009, J. G. Bellingham, “Platforms: Autonomous Underwater Vehicles”, in Steve A. Thorpe, editor, Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences: Measurement Techniques, Platforms and Sensors, London, Burlington, Mass., San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press, →ISBN, page 164, column 1:

(electrical engineering) The electrical load caused by all systems on a vehicle (especially a marine vessel or a truck) other than propulsion.


hot chassis

(electrical) A metal chassis, used as a base for electrical equipment, that is live because it lacks a transformer to isolate the equipment from the mains.


interturn

(electrical engineering) Between turns of a winding.


IPM

IPM (countable and uncountable, plural IPMs)

(electrical engineering, countable) Abbreviation of interior permanent magnet.


field coil

The maximum permissible rises in temperature for both the main generators and the traction motors are 120° C. in the armature and 130° C. in the field coils, so that there is an ample margin of safety to meet abnormal conditions.

(electrical engineering) An electromagnet, consisting of a coil of wire through which a current flows, used to generate a magnetic field in an electromagnetic machine, typically a rotating machine such as a motor or generator.


underfrequency

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-underfrequency.wav

(electrical) The condition where the frequency of an electrical supply drops below normal parameters.


overfrequency

(electrical) The condition where the frequency of an electrical supply rises above normal parameters.


overcoupling

We observe continuous transition of the coupling between the fiber-taper waveguide and the microresonator from undercoupling to critical coupling and then to overcoupling regimes by increasing the pump power even though the spatial distance between the resonator and the waveguide was kept fixed.

181105 (2016), Motoki Asano, Şahin Kaya Özdemir, Weijian Chen, Rikizo Ikuta, Lan Yang, Nobuyuki Imoto, Takashi Yamamoto, “Controlling slow and fast light and dynamic pulse-splitting with tunable optical gain in a whispering-gallery-mode microcavity”, in Appl. Phys. Lett., volume 181105:

(electrical engineering) The act of coupling two tuned transformers so as to create a broader bandwidth.


undercoupling

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-undercoupling.wav

(electrical engineering) The act of coupling two tuned transformers so as to create a narrower bandwidth.


VAC

alternating current
alternating current#English

(electrical) Initialism of volt of alternating current.


counterphase

(electrical engineering, physics) That have phase difference of around 180°, or π


synphase

(electrical engineering, physics) That have the same or close phase; that have phase difference of about 0.


downstrike

Besides forming new cores, arcs may also form branches, and "downstrikes" are liable to be particularly troublesome.

1959, Electrical Times - Volume 135, page 355:

When a downstrike is established, the longer arc in parallel dies away rapidly and the process appears on oscillograms as a sudden reduction in arc voltage.

1959, Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers:

This was prevented by reducing the space between the plates in that portion of the chute, so that when downstrikes occurred tie new arc core remained under control and returned up into the chute again.

1959 -, The Electrical Review - Volume 164, Issues 10-17, page 447:

These "downstrikes" were recorded with an electromagnetic oscillograph and a high-speed camera, and now a good correlation exists between the two records.

1962, Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, page 204:

(electrical engineering) A (usually unintended) branch of current that arcs downward to ground.


wiring loom

Due to the extent of damage to the ceiling panels in the cabin, all the panels were removed and the wiring looms were visually inspected while the aircraft was at Learmonth. No defects were observed.

2011 December 19, Australian Transport Safety Bureau, “1.12.5 Aircraft wiring examinations”, in In-flight upset - 154 km west of Learmonth, WA, 7 October 2008, VH-QPA, Airbus A330-303, archived from the original on 2022-05-05, page 50:

The next task is to pass the cable wiring loom through the boat. If you have ducting running along the inside of the hull this is ideal, but most boats will not be equipped with such luxuries, so you will have to find the best way through and then protect the cables with cable trunking (plastic protection).

2015, Bloomsbury Publishing, The Boat Improvement Bible, page 108:

(electrical) A wiring harness; a bundle of wires, tied together but not enclosed in a rigid conduit, that transmit signals or electrical current within a device.


uninterruptible power supply

uninterruptible power supply (plural uninterruptible power supplies)

Examples of emergency power supplies include a storage battery or group of batteries, a generator driven by a fuel-supplied prime mover, or an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) […].

2009, Geoff Craighead, High-Rise Security and Fire Life Safety, page 357:

This upgrade comes after the installation of a $50,000 uninterruptible power supply system to compliment the facilities independent power supply.

(electrical engineering) A device or system that almost instantaneously provides emergency power in the case that main power fails.


subfeed

(electrical engineering) A part of an electricity or antenna feed.


VCB

(electrical engineering) A vacuum circuit breaker.


mercury arc rectifier

mercury arc rectifier (plural mercury arc rectifiers)

The secondary winding is laid in four coils, one on top of the other, with oil passages round the laminated-steel core; its 2,770V a.c. output is converted to 1,970V d.c. by four air-cooled mercury arc rectifiers, which feed each pair of 975V traction motors through a smoothing choke.

1961 March, “Interim report on the Glasgow suburban electric train failures”, in Trains Illustrated, page 175:

Additionally, semi-conductor rectifiers are far more economical of space, with the result that there is room in the Doncaster-built locomotives employing them for rheostatic braking apparatus within the weight and dimensions previously needed for mercury-arc rectifiers.

1961 December, “Talking of Trains: The 25kV rolling stock”, in Trains Illustrated, page 708:

(electrical engineering) A rectifier which converts alternating current to direct current, using a cathode tube with a pool of liquid mercury. Now superseded by solid-state rectifiers.


black start

(electrical engineering) The process of restoring an electric power station or part of an electric grid to operation without relying on the external electric power transmission network.

pimeäkäynnistys

restoring a power station or part of a grid without relying on an external network


series-wound

A motor car is provided with two self-ventilated series-wound G.E.C. traction motors, each having a continuous rating of 80 h.p. at 575 V. 116 A. at a field strength of 66 per cent.

1960 February, “The first of London's new Piccadilly Line trains is delivered”, in Trains Illustrated, page 94:

(electrical engineering) Of an electric motor, having the windings connected in series.


neutral section

neutral section (plural neutral sections)

When a driver approaches a neutral section separating sections of 25 kV. and 15 kV. overhead catenary, he trips the main circuit-breaker but keeps his pantographs up; as soon as the next section of live wire is reached, he re-sets his contact-breaker, whereupon voltage-sensitive relays automatically make appropriate connections to the auxiliary circuits.

1960 March, “Silicon Rectifiers for a French dual-frequency Bo-Bo locomotive”, in Trains Illustrated, page 166:

(rail transport, electrical engineering) A dead section of overhead line for supplying power to trains between two live sections, used to separate two power supplies, different phases and supply voltages.


load bank

Electric locomotives [...] Class 84: 84009 was taken on by the Derby RTC as a load bank locomotive in August 1978, [...]. It lasted in this role until December 1992 and was scrapped exactly three years later.

2020 July 1, Pip Dunn, “Department store”, in Rail, page 92:

(electrical engineering) A piece of electrical test equipment used to simulate an electrical load, to test an electric power source without connecting it to its normal operating load.


dynostarter

The diesel engine is mounted forward of the transmission with the dynostarter coupled to an auxiliary drive at the rear of the transmission.

1960 June, “The N.B. Loco. Co. diesel-hydraulic Type "2" locomotive”, in Trains Illustrated, page 345:

(electrical engineering) A dynamo which is also a starter motor.


commutatorless

Among the projects in which the B.T.C. and private firms have a common interest is the development of a satisfactory commutatorless motor; commutation difficulties with rectified d.c. for the motors of the 25 kV. a.c. multiple-unit stock, for example, have led to many experiments with and modifications of the inter-pole magnetic circuit.

1961 February, R. K. Evans, “The role of research on British Railways”, in Trains Illustrated, page 95:

(electrical engineering) Without a commutator.


dual-frequency

Trials with three experimental dual-frequency mixed-traffic locomotives intended for use on the Saar's 15kV 16⅔-cycle (German) and 25kV 50-cycle (French) lines have proved so successful that the German Federal Railway is contemplating the construction of a fleet of 20 to 25 similar machines.

1961 May, “New European motive power: I - German dual-voltage locomotives”, in Trains Illustrated, page 305:

(electrical engineering) Able to operate on two different electrical frequencies.


rotary switch

A close-up of the very compact desk unit for control of the East Finchley programme machine from Leicester Square; the rotary switches at the top are used to set up the train number of any service to be added or cancelled.

1961 October, “More programme machines for L.T. Northern line”, in Trains Illustrated, page 625, photo caption:

(electrical engineering) A switch that is operated by turning a knob.


regenerative braking

Dead-man's handle, automatic train stop, quick-acting compressed-air brake specially suited for high-speed working, and regenerative braking are among the features of the new locomotives.

1947 March and April, “Swiss High-Speed Electric Locomotives”, in Railway Magazine, page 94:

Regenerative braking, whereby the car's kinetic energy is fed back to the supply line, has recently been introduced on the Kei-Han-Shin Kyuko Railway's commuter services feeding Osaka, instead of resistor braking, and on 52 lightweight cars built in 1960 and 1961 advantage has been taken of this feature to install constant speed controls.

1962 December, “Constant-speed electric multiple-units in Japan”, in Modern Railways, page 404:

Regenerative braking is retained. Like rheostatic braking, this uses the traction motors to provide a braking effort, but the current developed is fed back into the overhead catenary rather than dissipated through resistance banks.

2023 July 26, David Clough, “Technology progression defines Class 93”, in RAIL, number 988, page 54:

(rail transport, automotive, electrical engineering) A form of braking used on some electric vehicles in conjunction with the main braking system, where kinetic energy from braking is converted into electricity and fed back into the power supply by using the traction motors as generators.


double E

double Es (plural)
double-E (alternative)

From having two Es in the initialism, thus doubled up.

electrical engineer
electrical engineer#English

(electrical engineering) Abbreviation of electrical engineer.

Alternative form of EE
Abbreviation of electrical engineer.

electrical engineering
electrical engineering#English

(electrical engineering) Abbreviation of electrical engineering.

Alternative form of EE
Abbreviation of electrical engineering.

(electrical engineering) Abbreviation of degree (diploma) in electrical engineering.


time switch

time switches (plural)
time-switch (alternative)
timeswitch (alternative)

A time switch with astronomical adjustment switches the warning signs on at sunset.

1939 November, “Pertinent Paragraphs: Traffic Lights at Crossings on Manx Electric Railway”, in Railway Magazine, page 361:

(electrical engineering) A switch activated automatically at a preset time.


McIntire joint

(electrical) An electrical connection spliced together by means of a sleeve (double tube of copper for this purpose).


hourly rating

The year 1926 saw the putting in service of the first of the magnificent 1-Co-Co-1 locomotives of Type Ae 6/8, which at the time of their construction, with their hourly rating of 4,500 h.p., were the most powerful single electric locomotive units in the world.

1960 December, Cecil J. Allen, “Operating a mountain main line: the Bern-Lötschberg-Simplon: Part One”, in Trains Illustrated, page 743:

(electrical engineering, rail transport) A measure of the maximum output, usually expressed in horsepower, that can be obtained from the motors of an electric locomotive for a period of one hour without the motors overheating.


dead section

A new glass fibre insulating section will ultimately equip all neutral sections, simplifying maintenance work and greatly reducing the length of dead sections.

1962 March, “Talking of Trains: The future of B.R. a.c. traction”, in Modern Railways, page 148:

(rail transport, electrical engineering) Part of a neutral section.


return current

The return current is fed from the transformer to the wheels through brushes on each axle of the motor coach.

1963 March, “The Clacton express electric multiple-units enter service”, in Modern Railways, page 174:

(electrical engineering) The electric current in a circuit which flows back to its source, or to earth.


split-phase power

(electrical engineering) A type of electrical power distribution system using two line wires connected to the ends of a distribution transformer and a grounded neutral wire connected to the center tap of the transformer, allowing loads to be connected between line and neutral and receive the normal line voltage (120 or 240 volts), or between the two opposite-phase line wires and receive twice the normal line voltage (240 or 480 volts).


lost neutral

(electrical engineering) A dangerous situation where the neutral wire in a split-phase power system becomes broken or disconnected, forcing all electrical current to flow directly between the two line wires and exposing loads connected between line and neutral to unstable and potentially-excessive voltages, posing a risk of equipment damage, electrical fire, or electric shock.


load factor

(electrical engineering) The mean load over a given time period divided by the peak load occurring during the same time period, providing a measure of how efficiently an electric system's capacity is being used.


pseudofinal

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudofinal.wav

From pseudo- + final, introduced in a paper by Abetti (1960).

Initial and pseudofinal voltage distributions

2007, Leonard L. Grigsby, Power Systems, pages 11–5:

(electrical engineering) Denoting a kind of steady-state voltage distribution.


arc blast

arc blast (countable and uncountable, plural arc blasts)

(electrical engineering) An explosion produced by the extreme heat of an uncontrolled high-energy electric arc.


arc flash

arc flash (countable and uncountable, plural arc flashes)

(electrical engineering) The extremely intense light and heat produced by a high-energy electric arc.


arc fault

(electrical engineering) An undesired and uncontrolled electric arc from one conductor through the air (or other gas) to a conductor at ground potential or a different voltage phase.


arc-fault circuit interrupter

arc-fault circuit interrupter (plural arc-fault circuit interrupters)

(electrical engineering) A type of circuit breaker that detects signs of potentially-dangerous arcing on downstream wiring and shuts off power to the affected branch circuit to reduce the risk of a fire.


TLM

TLM (countable and uncountable, plural TLMs)

transmission line matrix
w:Transmission-line matrix method

(electrical engineering)
Initialism of transmission line matrix.

transmission line model
w:transmission line model

(electrical engineering)
Initialism of transmission line model.

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

transfer length method
w:transfer length method

(electrical engineering)
Initialism of transfer length method.


belted cable

(electrical engineering) A 3-phase power cable whose conductors are bunched together and isolated with oil-impregnated insulating paper.


cross-bonding

(electrical engineering) A method to connect power cable by crossing the return conductors between phases to increase cable current rating and reduce electrical losses on the cable sheath.


proximity effect

(electrical engineering) A condition when a power cable carrying electric current which is non-uniformly distributed due to the presence of other power cable or conductor nearby. This phenomena increases the apparent resistance of the power cable.


storage battery

storage battery (plural storage batteries)

After experiments, the Great Southern Railways of Ireland decided in 1930-31 to replace steam suburban trains between Dublin and Bray by two-car articulated sets operated by storage batteries of the type invented by Dr. Drumm, and four were built: the first went into service in 1932.

1949 September and October, “Notes and News: Drumm Battery System Scrapped”, in Railway Magazine, page 339:


time-switch

en-verb

time-switch (third-person singular simple present time-switches, present participle time-switching, simple past and past participle time-switched)

time-switches (present singular third-person)
time-switching (participle present)
time-switched (participle past)
time-switched (past)

(transitive, electrical engineering, uncommon) To activate a switch automatically at a preset time.


first-order hold

en-noun

first-order hold (countable and uncountable, plural first-order holds)

digital-to-analog converter
digital-to-analog converter

(electronics, electrical engineering) A mathematical model of the practical reconstruction of sampled signals that could be done by a conventional digital-to-analog converter and an analog circuit called an integrator.


time-frequency analysis

time-frequency representation
time-frequency representation

(electrical engineering, signal processing) A technique that studies a signal in both the time and frequency domains simultaneously, using various time-frequency representations.


signal processing

(electrical engineering) A subfield of electrical engineering focusing on analyzing, modifying and synthesizing signals, such as sound, images, potential fields, seismic signals, altimetry processing, and scientific measurements.


time-frequency representation

time-frequency representation (countable and uncountable, plural time-frequency representations)

(electrical engineering, signal processing) A view of a signal, taken to be a function of time, represented over both time and frequency.


propagation time

propagation time (countable and uncountable, plural propagation times)

(electronics, electrical engineering) In a digital circuit, the amount of time required for a signal or wave to travel from one point of a transmission medium to another.


integration time

integration time (countable and uncountable, plural integration times)

signal-to-noise ratio
signal-to-noise ratio

(electrical engineering) Of an electronic system, the period of time in which a noisy signal is averaged so as to improve the signal-to-noise ratio.


pull-up resistor

pull-up resistor (plural pull-up resistors)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pull-up resistor.wav

(electrical engineering) A resistor that is connected between a signal and a positive voltage supply in a circuit to ensure that the signal is at a defined logic level.


Miller effect

Named after John Milton Miller who discovered the effect.

(electronics, electrical engineering) The increase in the equivalent input capacitance of an inverting voltage amplifier due to amplification of the effect of capacitance between the amplifier's input and output terminals.


rotary converter

rotary converter (plural rotary converters)

It was decided therefore to change over from 25-cycle rotary converters to remotely-controlled substations supplied at 50 cycles, in conformity with the outer area electrification.

1954 April, “Southern Region Power Supply”, in Railway Magazine, pages 221-222:

(electrical engineering, dated) A machine which converts alternating current to direct current, or vice versa.


adder-subtractor

(electrical engineering) A circuit that is capable of adding or subtracting binary numbers.