TBTF

The TBTF problem has been central to the degeneration and corruption of the financial system over the past two decades. For one thing, TBTF enhances the ability of financial institutions to impose brain drain on the productive sectors[…]

2016, Imad A. Moosa, Good Regulation, Bad Regulation: The Anatomy of Financial Regulation, Springer, →ISBN:

(finance) Initialism of too big to fail.


LDI

en-noun

LDI (countable and uncountable, plural LDIs)

Those products – known as liability-driven investing, or LDIs – help offset liabilities and risks on pension funds’ books.

2022 September 29, Kalyeena Makortoff, Sarah Butler, “‘I’d never seen anything like it’: how market turmoil sparked a pension fund selloff”, in The Guardian:

liability-driven investment
w:liability-driven investment strategy

(finance) Initialism of liability-driven investment.


doom loop

In the finance sense described by Andrew Haldane and Piergiorgio Alessandri in 2009.

This is the only remedy that would permit an escape from the “doom loop” described by Piergiorgio Alessandri and Andrew Haldane (2009), whereby, when financial institutions are seen as “too big to fail,” governments have no option but to bail them out with public money, no matter how many times they claim they will not do so.

2011, William Leiss, The Doom Loop in the Financial Sector: And Other Black Holes of Risk, University of Ottawa Press, →ISBN, page 126:

However, uncertainty over the scale of the selloff – and how long it would run – raised concerns about a “doom loop”, where asset sales depressed prices further, resulting in higher collateral calls, which then sparked further sales.

(finance) A feedback loop that can occur when banks hold government bonds and governments with weak public finances bail out such banks.


rule of 72

(finance) A means of estimating an investment's doubling time. 72 is divided by the interest percentage per period (usually years) to obtain the approximate number of periods required for doubling.


POAP

POAPs have emerged as a new way of keeping an immutable record of your life experiences, including virtual and in-person events.

2022 February 22, Mason Marcobello, “POAPs: What Is a Proof of Attendance Protocol?”, in Coindesk:

(cryptocurrencies) Acronym of proof of attendance protocol.


long position

Coordinate term: short position

Among the bets the Pure Alpha fund placed last year were long positions in Treasury bonds, the Japanese yen, and gold, and short positions in the euro and European sovereign debt.

2011 July 18, John Cassidy, “Mastering the Machine”, in The New Yorker, →ISSN:

financial instrument
financial instrument

(finance) A financial instrument bought with the expectation that it will increase in value.


naked position

(finance) A position that is not hedged and therefore exposed to market risks.


open position

Mark-to-market is the calculation that shows your unrealized P&L based on where you could close your open positions in the market at that instant.

2011, Mark Galant, Brian Dolan, Currency Trading For Dummies, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 52:

(finance) An active trade with unrealized profits and losses that has not yet been offset (“closed”) by a corresponding equivalent deal.


short position

Coordinate term: long position

(finance) A financial instrument bought with the expectation that it will decrease in value.


fund manager

(finance, investing) An employee or department that is responsible for implementing a fund's investing strategy and managing its portfolio trading activities.


restricted stock unit

restricted stock unit (plural restricted stock units)

(stock market, finance) A monetary grant based on a company's common stock, typically given as compensation to employees for their work.


restricted stock

restricted stock (countable and uncountable, plural restricted stocks)

(stock market) Stock of a company that is not fully transferable to shareholders until certain conditions have been met.


bad money

bad money (countable and uncountable, plural bad moneys)

(banking, finance) Any money of coinage or currency that is depreciated, mutilated, or debased.


bullet money

bullet money (countable and uncountable, plural bullet moneys)

(historical, banking, finance) A type of coinage historically used in Siam (now Thailand) and its predecessor kingdoms.


call money

call money (countable and uncountable, plural call moneys)

financial institution
financial institution

(banking, finance) Money that is loaned by a financial institution and is recallable on demand.


time money

time money (countable and uncountable, plural time moneys)

(banking, finance) Money which is loaned or prepared to be loaned for a specified period of time.


commodity money

commodity money (countable and uncountable, plural commodity moneys)

(banking, finance) Any money whose value comes from a commodity of which it is made, consisting of objects having value or use in themselves as well as their value in buying goods.


standard money

standard money (countable and uncountable, plural standard moneys)

(banking, finance) A type of monetary unit which is designated by a government to serve as the basis of its currency system.


lawful money

lawful money (countable and uncountable, plural lawful moneys)

(banking, finance) Any type of money that is permitted to be circulated as a medium of exchange as directed by the laws of a nation.

(banking, finance) Any type of money which is recognized in a community as a legal medium of exchange.


sound money

sound money (countable and uncountable, plural sound moneys)

(banking, finance) Money which is stable and not subject to sudden appreciation or depreciation.

(banking, finance) Any currency which is based on or redeemable in gold.


overreserve

en-verb

overreserve (third-person singular simple present overreserves, present participle overreserving, simple past and past participle overreserved)

overreserves (present singular third-person)
overreserving (participle present)
overreserved (participle past)
overreserved (past)

(finance, intransitive) To put an excessive amount of money in reserve.


underreserve

underreserve (third-person singular simple present underreserves, present participle underreserving, simple past and past participle underreserved)

underreserves (present singular third-person)
underreserving (participle present)
underreserved (participle past)
underreserved (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-underreserve.wav

(finance, intransitive) To put an inadequate amount of money in reserve.


tribute money

en-noun

tribute money (countable and uncountable, plural tribute moneys)

Tell vs there foꝛe: howe thynkeſte thou? is it lawfull to yeve tribute vnto Ceſar / oꝛ not? Ieſus perceaved there wylynes / ãd ſayde: Why tempte ye me ye ypocrytes? lett me ſe the tribute money. And they toke hym a peny. And he ſayde vnto them: whoſe is thys ymage ãd ſuperſcripciõ? They ſayde vnto hym: Ceſars. Thẽ ſayde he vnto thẽ: Geve therefoꝛe to Ceſar / that which is ceſars: and geve vnto god / that which is goddꝭ.

1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew xxij:[17–21], folio xxxj, verso:

(business, finance) Money which is paid as a tax or a tribute.


call money rate

call money rate (plural call money rates)

(banking, finance) The rate at which short term funds are borrowed and lent in the money market.


credit money

credit money (countable and uncountable, plural credit moneys or credit monies)

credit moneys (plural)
credit monies (plural)

(banking, finance) Monetary value which is created as a result of a future obligation or claim by the issuer of the credit.


deposit money

deposit money (countable and uncountable, plural deposit moneys or deposit monies)

deposit moneys (plural)
deposit monies (plural)

(banking, finance) Demand deposits at a financial institution which can be used as money by drawing checks.


bank money

bank money (countable and uncountable, plural bank moneys)

(banking, finance) A medium of exchange which consists solely of checks and drafts.


dim sum bond

(finance) A bond issued outside of China but denominated in Chinese renminbi, rather than the local currency.


petahash

(computing, cryptocurrencies) 10¹⁵ hashes.


BBSW

(finance) Initialism of bank bill swap rate.


debit balance

Coordinate term: credit balance

(accounting) The amount by which debits exceed credits.

Coordinate term: credit balance

(banking, finance) The amount of money owed to a particular creditor.


credit balance

Coordinate term: debit balance

(accounting) The amount by which credits exceed debits.

Coordinate term: debit balance

(banking, finance) The amount of money in an account held by a financial institution.

(banking, finance) The amount of money owed on a credit card.


source document

source document (plural source documents)

An original document or record that provides proof of activity that is summarized elsewhere (e.g. case notes, medical chart, diary entry, minutes of a meeting, etc.).

(accounting) A document that provides official notification of a credit or debit to an account, such as a bank statement, bill of sale, invoice, receipt, etc.

verantwoordingsstuk

(accounting) document that provides official notification of a credit or debit to an account


annual accounts

(accounting) The complete accounting record for a fiscal year.


perpetual inventory

Coordinate term: periodic inventory

(accounting) A system of maintaining a business' inventory in which changes to the inventory are recorded in real time, so that the inventory is always accurate.


periodic inventory

Coordinate term: perpetual inventory

(accounting) A system of assessing a business' inventory in which updates are made on a periodic basis, so that a completely accurate account is only available immediately after the update.


Chapter 7

(US, finance, law) A type of bankruptcy code that governs the process of liquidation under the bankruptcy laws of the United States, conferring protection from creditors.


bankruptcy order

bankruptcy order (plural bankruptcy orders)

(finance, law) An order issued by a court which confirms that an individual is officially declared bankrupt.


title loan

(finance, business) A type of secured loan where borrowers can use their vehicle title as collateral.


secured loan

Coordinate term: secured debt

(finance, business) A loan in which the borrower pledges some asset as collateral for the loan, which then becomes a secured debt owed to the creditor who issues the loan.


unsecured debt

unsecured debt (countable and uncountable, plural unsecured debts)

(business, finance) Any type of debt or general obligation that is not protected by a guarantor, or collateralized by a lien on specific assets of the borrower in the case of a bankruptcy or liquidation.


operating cost

(business, accounting) Expense which is related to the operation of a business.


operating income

(business, accounting) Income from doing business (as opposed to unearned income such as interest) with operating expenses subtracted, but before taxes have been subtracted.


financial independence

financial independence (plural financial independences)

(finance) Status of having enough income or wealth sufficient to pay one's living expenses for the rest of one's life without having to be employed or dependent on others.

استقلال مالي

status of having enough wealth to live independently for a lifetime


DPV

discounted present value
discounted present value#English

(finance) Initialism of discounted present value.


quantity discount

quantity discount (plural quantity discounts)

(marketing, finance) A type of incentive offered to a purchaser which results in a decreased cost of goods or materials per unit when purchased in greater numbers.


debit note

Coordinate term: credit note

(accounting) A commercial document issued by a seller in order to adjust upwards the amount of an invoice already issued.


cost object

(accounting) Something to which costs are assigned; anything for which a separate measurement of cost is required.


accrual basis

Coordinate term: cash basis

(finance, accounting, often attributive) A method of accounting that tracks income and expenditure when they become due, rather than when they actually occur.


capital investment

capital investment (plural capital investments)

(business, accounting) Money that is spent on permanent assets (fixed assets) of a business, as opposed to operating expenses.


hidden asset

(accounting) An asset that is not shown on a balance sheet.


asset class

(finance) A group of financial instruments that have similar financial characteristics and behave similarly in the marketplace.


nominal value

(finance, accounting) The value or price of something, with no adjustments for inflation.


collateralized fund obligation

collateralized fund obligation (plural collateralized fund obligations)

collateralized fund obligations (plural)

(finance) a type of asset-backed security and structured credit product constructed from a portfolio of fund assets.


depreciational

Prohibiting the deduction of any unused depreciational allowances on the date the proposal takes effect would have a capricious, negative effect on any firm that has recently made any long - lived investments.

1983, United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee. Subcommittee on Monetary and Fiscal Policy, The Flat Rate Tax: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Monetary and Fiscal Policy of the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States, Ninety-seventh Congress, Second Session, July 27 and August 19, 1982, page 65:

(finance) Of or relating to depreciation.


jump up behind

en-verb

jump up behind (third-person singular simple present jumps up behind, present participle jumping up behind, simple past and past participle jumped up behind)

jumps up behind (present singular third-person)
jumping up behind (participle present)
jumped up behind (participle past)
jumped up behind (past)

(obsolete, slang, finance) To endorse an accommodation bill.


small-cap

All stocks, even the 500 largest, did pretty well–but on average small-cap stocks did better than big-cap stocks and value stocks beat growth stocks.

2010 [1991], Ken Fisher, “Watershed”, in Aaron Anderson, editor, The Making of a Market Guru, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 155:

market capitalization
market capitalization

(finance, of stocks) Whose market capitalization is between $300 million to $2 billion.


credit-linked note

en-noun

credit-linked note (plural credit-linked notes)

(finance) A form of funded credit derivative, structured as a security with an embedded credit default swap allowing the issuer to transfer a specific credit risk to credit investors. The issuer is not obligated to repay the debt if a specified event occurs, which eliminates a third-party insurance provider.


Van Camp accounting

Named after a divorce case, Van Camp v. Van Camp (1921).

Coordinate term: Pereira accounting

(accounting) One of the two methods of California community property law used to deal with community funds or labor that is used to enhance the value of separate property.


Pereira accounting

Named after a divorce case, Pereira v. Pereira (1909).

Coordinate term: Van Camp accounting

(US, accounting) One of two methods used in California community property law to determine the manner in which to divide the value of a business between separate property and community property.


small cap

A small cap grows with good management, strong financial results and—most of all—a competitive edge.

2009, Ian Wyatt, The Small-Cap Investor: Secrets to Winning Big with Small-Cap Stocks, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 37:

(finance, often in the plural) Alternative form of small-cap


mega cap

For quotations using this term, see Citations:mega cap.

(finance) A company having a very large market capitalization.


JGB

Royal Bank of Canada’s economics team have tl;dr’d why JGBs and the yen have had a fun morning: “it will be hard for markets not to see this move as a precursor for tightening policy”.

2022 December 20, Louis Ashworth, “Turning Japanese?: One last rug pull before retirement”, in Financial Times:

(finance) Initialism of Japanese government bond.


PoS

(cryptocurrencies) Initialism of proof of stake.


NBFI

Coordinate term: NBFC

non-bank financial institution
w:non-bank financial institution

(finance) Initialism of non-bank financial institution.


NBFC

Coordinate term: NBFI

non-bank financial company
w:non-bank financial institution

(finance) Initialism of non-bank financial company.


SOFR

Secured Overnight Financing Rate
w:Secured Overnight Financing Rate

(finance) Acronym of Secured Overnight Financing Rate.


AFFO

AFFO (usually uncountable, plural AFFOs)

adjusted funds from operations
adjusted funds from operations#English

(finance) Initialism of adjusted funds from operations.


go Chapter 11

en-verb

go Chapter 11 (third-person singular simple present goes Chapter 11, present participle going Chapter 11, simple past went Chapter 11, past participle gone Chapter 11)

goes Chapter 11 (present singular third-person)
going Chapter 11 (participle present)
went Chapter 11 (past)
gone Chapter 11 (participle past)

(finance, US) To file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.


earnings season

en-noun

earnings season (countable and uncountable, plural earnings seasons)

Sports fans wait all year for the beginning of football, basketball, or baseball season. And children can't help but anticipate the holiday season. But it's earnings season that fundamental analysts look forward to.

2009, Matthew Krantz, Fundamental Analysis For Dummies, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN:

The mood in corner offices may be about to sour. “Earnings season is going to be the confessional event,” says Jim Tierney of Bernstein, an investment firm, referring to the month or so when most companies report their quarterly results.

2023 January 22, “Big business is in for a rough earnings season”, in The Economist, →ISSN:

(finance, informal) The time of year when corporate earnings are reported, usually in January, April, July, and October.


unit of account

unit of account (plural units of account)

(economics, finance, accounting) A standard numerical monetary unit of measurement of the market value of goods, services, and other transactions.


historical cost

historical cost (plural historical costs)

Coordinate term: fair value

(accounting) The original nominal monetary value of an economic item; the value at which an item was acquired by a company and was entered in its books.


financial asset

financial asset (plural financial assets)

(accounting) A non-physical asset whose value is derived from a contractual claim, such as bank deposits, bonds, and participations in companies' share capital.


adjustment account

adjustment account (plural adjustment accounts)

lt is also relevant to mention that there would be no effect on the profit of the Corporation even if the liability was written back through 'prior period adjustment account'.

1976, Food Corporation of India, Annual Report - Food Corporation of India, page 100:

[…] your adjustment account should be an expense account for reducing inventory and an income account when increasing inventory.

2006, Kathy Ivens, Running QuickBooks 2007 Premier Editions, page 49:

The impact will be disclosed by establishment of an inventory adjustment account and a cost of goods sold adjustment account at the cost basis of the merchandise sold.

2008, Bill D. Jarnagin, U.S. Master GAAP Guide, page 622:

However, if goods are returned by branch to HO, the loading is cancelled by debit to adjustment account.

2016, Sehgal Deepak, Financial Accounting, page 20-3:

(accounting) An account used in double-entry bookkeeping to represent the other side of adjustments that need to be made.


risk profile

The process involves determining the amount of acceptable project risk, the financial capability of the investing organization, and the risk profile of each investment in its portfolio.

1992, SME Mining Engineering Handbook, page 99:

This is because interests on deposits are fixed regardless of the risk profile of the assets they support.

1999, Kyung Ho Lee, Securitisation and Its Impact on Banking Business, page 74:

Interest rate swaps do not change the amount or type of debt outstanding, but they do affect the issuer's debt portfolio and risk profile.

1999, American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Health Care Committee, American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Health Care Audit Guide Task Force, Health Care Organizations, page 298:

One summary measure of the Bank's risk profile is the ratio of balance sheet equity to outstanding net loans, which is closely managed in line with the Bank's financial and risk outlook.

2004, The World Bank Annual Report, page 63:

(finance, insurance) The amount of risk that is involved in an investment.

However, in order to deal with risks which may fluctuate over a wide range of losses and a correspondingly wide range of frequencies of occurrence, a preferred method of presentation is the risk profile. As discussed earlier, a risk profile is a graphical display of risk identifying the distribution of probability with which various levels of unwanted impacts would be exceeded.

1980, An Assessment of the Risk Arising from Electrical Effects Associated with the Release of Carbon Fibers from General Aviation Aircraft Fires, page 9:

Risk profile curves are used to demonstrate these various risk scenarios.

1993, Safety Engineering and Risk Analysis, page 11:

The risk profile shows the changes in the value of the bank with respect to changes in in- terest rates for a given asset-liability structure.

1998, Charles Smithson, Managing Financial Risk, page 579:

(finance, insurance) A chart showing profits and losses associated with an asset.

Lending at 5% with a 20-year risk profile is irrational without security backing equal to twice the total loan.

1993, Business Review Weekly: BRW. - Volume 15, Issues 1-7, page 106:

The impulse to achieve high returns for the shareholders must be restrained by the company's risk profile.

2003, Ciaran Walsh, Key Management Ratios, page 136:

It encompasses the concept that well-managed banks should seek to go beyond simple compliance with minimum capital requirements and perform for themselves a comprehensive assessment of whether they have sufficient capital to support their own individual risk profile.

2003, Federal Reserve Bulletin - Volume 89, Issues 7-9, page 398:

Your risk profile is perhaps the most important input to the portfolio management process. Your risk profile will not only determine how you allocate your portfolio from the outset but also how you manage your portfolio over time.

2006, Scott Frush, Understanding Asset Allocation, page 106:

Moreover, the suitability of an investment for any particular investor depends on a variety of factors, including the investor's time horizon, risk profile and other investments.

2006, Lewis & Clark Law Review - Volume 10, page 82:

(finance) The amount of riskiness in investments that an individual investor or institution is willing to take.


micro-retailing

From micro- + retailing. Grew in popularity as ecommerce merchants experiment with opening lower-risk physical retail spaces.

Micro-retailing helps create unique, in-person customer experiences. It can drive your brand’s convenience and make the most of the modern omnichannel shopping world. It even makes it easier for retailers to create physical human connections (all while staying within budget).

2020 November 11, “What Is Micro-Retailing? Why & How Retailers Are Going Small”, in Shopify:

(economics, marketing, business, finance, technology, neologism) A retail model including things like small-scale pop-up shops and boutique storefronts that leverage a variety of innovative downsized activities.


structured finance

(finance) A sector of financial law that manages leverage and risk.


public credit

The use of credit by a government is simply one of the ways by which income may be obtained, but it is more convenient to deal with the special characteristics of public debts and the use of public credit as a distinct aspect of the subject, and this is done in part IV.

1936, Harley Leist Lutz, Public Finance, page 14:

Therefore the actual and substantive decision authority for public credit lies with the Ministry of Finance which decides on the credit-worthiness of every public utility.

2012, Hans-Hermann Francke, Eberhart Ketzel, Hans-Helmut Kotz, Handbook of Public Credit in Europe, page 231:

Public credit was controversial in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century England.

2020, Natalie Roxburgh, Representing Public Credit, page 1:

(finance) The loan of money to a government body in return for a bond or similar promissory note.


solvency margin

solvency margin (plural solvency margins)

(insurance, accounting) The amount of money that remains after subtracting any debts owing.


national income

national income (plural national incomes)

(finance) The sum of all income in a nation over a specific time period including wages or salaries, pension payments, interest, rents, and profits of businesses after tax.


life annuity

(finance) Any annuity for which the purchaser continues to make payments while alive.


TFSA

Coordinate term: (equivalents) TESSA

tax-free savings account
w:tax-free savings account

(Canada, finance) Initialism of tax-free savings account


YTM

(finance) Initialism of yield to maturity.


BTFP

Bank Term Funding Program
w:Bank Term Funding Program

(finance) Initialism of Bank Term Funding Program.


HTM

(finance) Initialism of held-to-maturity.


CoCo bond

(finance) A contingent/convertible bond; a fixed income bond which can be converted into equity if certain trigger conditions are met.


CoCo

contingent convertible bond
w:contingent convertible bond

(finance) Abbreviation of contingent convertible bond.


excuseflation

Coined by journalists Tracy Alloway and Joe Weisenthal in 2023 (see quotations below). Blend of excuse + inflation.

coinage

The key question is, in an economy where the consumer continues to spend freely, how sticky this “excuseflation” proves to be and how high the Federal Reserve will have to drive up interest rates to prompt businesses to lower prices, or at least stop raising them.

2023 March 9, Tracy Alloway, Joe Weisenthal, “‘Excuseflation’ keeps prices and corporate profits high”, in Bloomberg:

The power of excuseflation is that it allows apologists to, well, make excuses. When egg prices shot up in January, Big Egg was able to blame it all on bird-flu.

2023 March 11, Cory Doctrow, “Excuseflation”, in Medium:

It's called, ‘Excuse-flation’, because most of the big brands are using inflation as an excuse, to keep their prices high.

2023 March 18, B.D. Hobbs, ““Excuseflation” Is The New “Shrinkflation””, in KTRH Newsradio:

These may be entirely legitimate reasons to raise prices but the companies engaging in excuseflation are seen as exploiting the situation.

2023 March 24, Daily Mail City, Finance Reporter, “INVESTING EXPLAINED: What you need to know about Excuseflation – a ploy by companies to hike prices, also known as greedflation”, in Mail Online:

Excuseflation
The pandemic and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine both had material impacts on the availability of goods and services. […] Executives say they needed to pass along their own increased costs to protect their margins. Skeptics see excuses at play.

2024 March 7, Enda Curran, “‘Shrinkflation’ and Other Terms for Inflationary Times”, in Bloomberg:

2020 was the first year that a lot of people saw shortage problems in supermarkets. In that situation we are also more likely to accept price increases. So yes, I think there is some excuseflation in that, in a context of shocks and emergencies, it changes the mindset of consumers.

2024 March 12, Isabella Weber, quotee, “Isabella Weber: ‘It’s time to lower rates’”, in CE Noticias Financieras, English edition, Miami, translation of El Pais by Ignacio Fariza, “Isabella Weber: ‘Es hora de bajar tipos’”:

(business, finance, economics, neologism) The raising of the price of a good or service in the wake of an economic, political, or other social change that serves as an excuse for the rise.


FRTB

w:Fundamental Review of the Trading Book

(finance) Initialism of Fundamental Review of the Trading Book.


ELI

equity-linked instrument
equity-linked instrument#English

(finance) Abbreviation of equity-linked instrument.


CRUT

charitable remainder unitrust
w:charitable remainder unitrust

(finance) Acronym of charitable remainder unitrust.


NICRUT

(finance) Acronym of net income charitable remainder unitrust.


NIMCRUT

(finance) Acronym of net income/makeup charitable remainder unitrust.


BPV

en-noun

BPV (countable and uncountable, plural BPVs)

basis point value
basis point value#English

(finance) Initialism of basis point value.


CBDC

digital currency
digital currency#English

(finance, electronics, government) Abbreviation of central bank digital currency.


PIF

Using its estimated $650bn in assets, the government-controlled PIF now owns Newcastle United, and Saudi Arabia is said to aspire to host the World Cup in 2030.

2023 June 28, Chris Stein, “Saudi leader trying to avoid ‘pariah’ status with LIV-PGA merger, says campaigner”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

Public Investment Fund
w:Public Investment Fund

(finance) Initialism of Public Investment Fund, the sovereign wealth fund of Saudi Arabia.


Kagi chart

(finance) A style of financial chart, mostly independent of time, used to track price movements and make decisions on purchasing stock.


retained income

retained income (countable and uncountable, plural retained incomes)

retained earnings
retained earnings#English

(accounting) Synonym of retained earnings


SERPS

(UK, finance) Acronym of State Earnings-Related Pension Scheme.


badwill

Secondly, the European Central Bank encouraged banks in July to recognise an accounting gain known as negative goodwill, or “badwill”, that they generate when they buy a rival below tangible book value, or at a lower price than the sum of its assets minus liabilities.

2020 September 10, “Why are European banks merging?”, in The Economist:

(accounting) negative goodwill, i.e. if the price is less than the fair market value


Bo Derek

Named after American actress Bo Derek (born 1956), who starred in the romantic comedy film 10 in 1979. The bonds reached maturity in 2010.

If you're looking for a sexy investment opportunity, you might consider buying a Bo Derek.
Nearly everybody knows the actress, the perfect “10” of the movies, but not too many people are familiar with the other “Bo Derek,” which; believe it or not, is a long-term U.S. Treasury bond that has had a siren appeal for sophisticated investors.

1981 May 18, Jack Egan, “Investing in a Perfect ‘10’”, in New York, volume 14, number 20, →ISSN, page 8:

“I wanted to ask you about those Telephone Bo Dereks,” he goes on. (Bo Dereks: bonds that mature in 2010.)
“I refuse, absolutely refuse, to talk business at dinner,” she warns, waggling her finger at him and realizing (a beat too late) that she has just escalated the evening onto a personal level.

1991, Linda Gray Sexton, Private Acts, Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN, page 189:

(US, slang, finance) A 30-year Treasury bond issued by the United States federal government in 1980.


Chapter 11

Chapter 11 bankruptcy
w:Chapter 11 bankruptcy

(finance, US) Short for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.


TARP

Troubled Asset Relief Program
w:Troubled Asset Relief Program

(US, finance) Acronym of Troubled Asset Relief Program.


phantom share

If the founder is considered to hold phantom shares as a result of the Stage 0 success, the value of these shares is in principle the value of the project divided by the number of shares issued.

2004, F. Peter Boer, Technology Valuation Solutions, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 93:

A phantom share option scheme is a bonus plan that feels like a share scheme. The executive is granted an option to buy phantom shares at the current value, and can exercise the option during a set period of time specified in the scheme rules.

2016, Peter Leach, Family Enterprises: The Essentials, Profile Books, →ISBN:


insider trade

(finance) The illegal trade of a security of a publicly held company by a person who has privileged access to information concerning the company's financial condition or plans.


shadow trade

(finance) The trade of a security of a company that is economically linked to a publicly held company about which a person has inside information.


shadow trading

(finance) The buying or selling of securities of a company that is economically linked to a publicly held company about which a person has inside information.


Dow theory

The theory was derived from Charles H. Dow's editorials in The Wall Street Journal.

(finance) A theory of stock price movement, according to which the market has three types of movement, market trends have three phases, prices reflect information published in the news, market averages must confirm each other, trends are confirmed by volume, and trends exist until definitive signals prove that they have ended.


FHLMC

Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
w:Freddie Mac

(finance) Initialism of Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation.


Farmer Mac

(US, finance, informal) Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation


FNMA

Federal National Mortgage Association
w:Fannie Mae

(finance) Initialism of Federal National Mortgage Association.


SONIA

Sterling Overnight Index Average
w:SONIA (interest rate)

(finance) Acronym of Sterling Overnight Index Average.


statement of accounts

statement of accounts (plural statement of accountses)


cryptowealthy

en-adj

cryptowealthy (comparative more cryptowealthy, superlative most cryptowealthy)

more cryptowealthy (comparative)
most cryptowealthy (superlative)

There’s a common paranoia among the crypto-wealthy that they’ll be targeted and robbed since there’s no bank securing the money, so many are obsessively secretive.

2018 January 13, Nellie Bowles, “Everyone Is Getting Hilariously Rich and You’re Not”, in The New York Times:

While that could lead to cooperative arrangements of mutual assistance, it could also give the cryptowealthy all of the power and none of the limits of a liberal democratic society.

2018, Kevin Werbach, “Connecting the Legal and the Technical”, in The Blockchain and the New Architecture of Trust, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, →ISBN, page 219:

“[…] one of the reasons for that is that there are a lot more people who’ve made their money in crypto and they tend to be younger,” Hyslop said. “They self-identify as crypto-wealthy; some who were bidding in the last slae realized for the first time that they could actually buy meteorites, and they were extremely enthusiastic.”

2022 February 13, James Tarmy, “Meteorite Market: Crypto has helped finance buyers willing to pay thousands”, in The Philadelphia Inquirer, volume 193, number 258, page H3:

For quotations using this term, see Citations:cryptowealthy.

(cryptocurrencies) Having acquired significant wealth in the cryptocurrency market.


Eurocredit

(finance) A short- to medium-term loan of Eurocurrency extended by a Eurobank to another organization.


cash rich

cash rich (comparative more cash rich, superlative most cash rich)

more cash rich (comparative)
most cash rich (superlative)

(business, finance) Possessing considerable disposable income, however lacking in economic assets or reasons to spend.


investment company

en-noun

investment company (plural investment companies)

financial institution
financial institution

(finance) A financial institution principally engaged in holding, managing and investing securities.


Fibonacci retracement

Fibonacci retracement (countable and uncountable, plural Fibonacci retracements)

(finance) A method of technical analysis in which a forecast is generated by taking two extreme points on a chart and dividing the vertical distance by ratios based on the Fibonacci sequence.


FASB

Financial Accounting Standards Board
w:Financial Accounting Standards Board

(accounting) Initialism of Financial Accounting Standards Board.


PCAOB

w:Public Company Accounting Oversight Board

(accounting) Initialism of Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.


RONA

(economics, accounting) Acronym of return on net assets.


asset-backed commercial paper

asset-backed commercial paper (countable and uncountable, plural asset-backed commercial papers)

(finance) A form of commercial paper that is collateralized by other financial assets.


asset revesting

(finance) An investment strategy that involves actively monitoring and adjusting the investments in a portfolio by selling assets that are no longer appreciating or are starting to decline. The goal of asset revesting is to optimize portfolio performance, manage risk, and ensure higher growth and preservation of capital. It allows investors to adapt to changing market conditions, maximizing returns while minimizing potential losses.


asset-backed security

(finance) A security whose income payments, and hence value, are derived from and collateralized by a specified pool of underlying assets.


cryptocommodity

(finance) A cryptoasset that is fungible and can be traded in the market.


zombie debtor

(business, finance) A company or individual holding a zombie debt.


zombie company

zombie company (plural zombie companies)

Mostly, though, the people in a zombie company will be blissfully unaware that they are in the middle of a major business disaster until after it has unfolded.·

2004, Sydney Finkelstein, Why Smart Executives Fail:

Pure zombie companies satisfy all the criteria to be considered zombi companies after adjusting the ICR and CLR ratios for the connected legal entities' financial expenses and short-term financial liabilitites.

(Can we date this quote?), Branko Radulović, Stefan Dragutinović, “Did COVID-19 Relief Programs Reanimate Zombie Companies?”, in Marko Mihić, Sandra Jednak, Gordana Savić, editor, Proceedings of the XVIII International symposium Symorg 2022, page 211:

(business, finance) A company that requires bailouts in order to operate, or an indebted company that is able to repay the interest on its debts but not repay the principal.


zombie S&L

(banking, finance) A savings and loan association characterized by negative economic capital and negative net worth.


all-or-none

(finance) Designating a type of stock market or derivative order that is to be executed only if the full quantity of the order can be bought or sold.


multistrat

While Canyon invests several billion dollars in equities, most of its multistrat competitors focus far more on stocks — some well over 50 percent of their assets.

2007, Katherine Burton, Hedge Hunters: Hedge Fund Masters on the Rewards, the Risk, and the Reckoning, New York, N.Y.: Bloomberg Press, →ISBN, page 102:

The Wellington multistrat fund rose 4.7% and the Global Fixed Income fund advanced 4.9%, according to a person with knowledge of the matter.

2022 February 3, Katherine Burton, Nishant Kumar, “Citadel Hedge Funds Gained Last Month as Equity Markets Slumped”, in Bloomberg, New York, N.Y.: Bloomberg L.P., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-08-30:

(finance, informal) Of an investment fund: employing multiple investment strategies.


multistrat

Even for hedge funds, multistrats are fabled for their brutal Darwinism. If you do well you get more money from the central pool to manage, and if you do poorly your allocation gets cut.

2022 October 27, Robin Wigglesworth, “Multi-strategy hedge funds are the new, superior fund-of-funds”, in Financial Times, London: The Financial Times Ltd., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-09-24:

Multistrats are "voracious acquirers of talent," said Ilana Weinstein, the CEO of IDW Group and a headhunter for top hedge funds, adding that it's where talent and capital are vying to be.

2023 January 31, Alex Morrell, Bianca Chan, Emmalyse Brownstein, Hayley Cuccinello, Michelle Abrego, Paige Hagy, Rebecca Ungarino, “From wealth managers to quants, 14 Wall Street headhunters told us which jobs and skills are in the highest demand right now”, in Business Insider, New York, N.Y.: Insider Inc., →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-06:

(finance, informal) A multistrat investment fund.


accounting equation

accounting equation (plural accounting equations)

(accounting) The fundamental equation of the double-entry bookkeeping system: assets = liabilities + equity.


TLAC

(US, business, finance) Initialism of total loss-absorbing capital: forms of capital such as equity that a company can use to absorb losses.


cash stuffing

(finance) An informal budgeting approach in which set amounts of cash are allocated for different activities within a period, and the cash for each activity is placed into a separate envelope.


no-par

(finance) Denoting a form of stock that is issued with no par value.


50/30/20 rule

(finance) An informal budgeting rule in which 50% of one's income goes toward necessities, 30% toward things one wants, and the remaining 20% into savings.


deal flow

deal flow (countable and uncountable, plural deal flows)

(finance) The rate at which a finance professional receives business proposals or investment offers.


e-transfer

(finance) An electronic transfer of funds.


e-transfer

en-verb

e-transfer (third-person singular simple present e-transfers, present participle e-transferring, simple past and past participle e-transferred)

e-transfers (present singular third-person)
e-transferring (participle present)
e-transferred (participle past)
e-transferred (past)

Could you e-transfer me this month's rent?

Shahnaz also e-transferred the bulk of her savings to Minu, which she had gathered bit by bit over the years and put aside for Tasneem.

2021, Silmy Abdullah, Home of the Floating Lily, Toronto, Ont.: Dundurn Press, →ISBN, page 177:

After e-transferring the money, the prospective tenant went to the home on Bowen Road that he believed he had rented and was surprised to find that it appeared to be occupied, with several vehicles in the driveway.

2022 July 22, Jeff Bell, “Nanaimo man loses thousands in rental scam”, in Times Colonist, Victoria, B.C.: Glacier Media Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-07-29:

In the second part of our test, senders e-transferred $5 to accounts that had autodeposit set up.

2023 March 6, Erica Johnson, Kimberly Ivany, “TD Bank customer lost $480 after e-transfer cancelled — despite having autodeposit”, in CBC News, archived from the original on 2024-05-04:

(Canada, finance) To transfer funds electronically between bank accounts.


capital control

en-noun

capital control (plural capital controls)

(finance, economics) A measure implemented by a government or monetary authority to regulate and control the movement of capital across its borders.


financial repression

financial repression (plural financial repressions)

Introduced in 1973 by Stanford economists Edward S. Shaw and Ronald I. McKinnon.

Ms Reinhart and Ms Sbrancia argue the world has forgotten that the widespread system of financial repression “played an instrumental role in reducing or ‘liquidating’ the massive stocks of debt accumulated during World War II”.

2011 May 9, Gillian Tett, “Policymakers learn a new and alarming catchphrase”, in Financial Times:

Two main features of the 1950s were inflation and financial repression. […] Financial repression was used in the 1950s to prevent people and companies from using their financial assets as they chose. Although there is no precise definition of financial repression, one aspect of it is the imposition of restraints on financial institutions which go beyond those that are required to ensure that they are prudently managed.

2014, William A. Allen, Monetary Policy and Financial Repression in Britain, 1951–59, Springer, →ISBN:

(economics, finance) A set of government policies to reduce the real burden of government debt, such as capital controls or interest rate caps.


EFCA

environmental full-cost accounting
w:environmental full-cost accounting

(accounting) Initialism of environmental full-cost accounting.


liquidity event

liquidity event (plural liquidity events)

A liquidity event is something that converts an investor's equity in your company into cash. The most common liquidity event is an acquisition, where a company is acquired by another company or private equity firm.

2016, Katherine Hague, Funded: The Entrepreneur's Guide to Raising Your First Round, O'Reilly, →ISBN:

initial public offering
initial public offering

(finance) A transaction that enables the owners of a company to realize the value of their investment, such as a merger, acquisition, or initial public offering.


SORR

sequence-of-returns risk
sequence-of-returns risk#English

(finance) Initialism of sequence-of-returns risk.


SALN

w:statement of assets, liabilities and net worth

(Philippines, accounting) Acronym of statement of assets, liabilities and net worth.


candlestick pattern

candlestick pattern (plural candlestick patterns)

(finance) A characteristic trend in prices shown graphically on a candlestick chart, sometimes thought to indicate a market movement.


downleg

(US, finance) A property that is being sold to initiate the 1031 exchange.


upleg

(US, finance) A replacement property in the 1031 exchange.


1031 exchange

(US, finance) A taxpayer's deferral of recognition of capital gains and related federal income tax liability on the exchange of certain types of property, under Internal Revenue Code section 1031.


Starker exchange

Starker exchange (plural Starker exchanges)

After the legal case of Starker v. United States.

(US, finance) A process similar to 1031 exchange but involving the non-simultaneous sale and purchase of real estate, rather than an actual exchange.


term loan

The debt is split between $6.5bn of term loans, as well as $6bn of senior and junior bonds and a $500mn revolver.

2023 December 16, “Musk told lenders they would not lose money on Twitter deal”, in FT Weekend, Companies & Markets, page 10:

(finance) A monetary loan that is usually repaid in regular payments over a set period of time.


testnet

Though realistic experimental setups such as testnets aim to address these challenges to a degree, properly testing and evaluating such systems remains a challenging endeavour.

2023, Martijn de Vos, Georgy Ishmaev, Johan Pouwelse, Stefanie Roos, “A Deployment-First Methodology to Mechanism Design and Refinement in Distributed Systems”, in 2023 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops and other Affiliated Events (PerCom Workshops), Atlanta, G.A.: IEEE, →DOI, →ISBN, page 472, column 1:

(cryptocurrencies) A network of servers able to facilitate cryptocurrency transactions, created for the purpose of testing or experimentation.


mainnet

Although 1G ~ 3G Blockchain technologies are all composed of independent mainnets, certain problems remain unresolved. For example, at present, information or data generated by each Blockchain cannot be exchanged with another Blockchain as mentioned earlier, and some immediate problems should be addressed to ensure a safer and more efficient exchange of data between the Blockchain platforms.

2020 October 27, Seong-Kyu Kim, Jun-Ho Huh, “Autochain platform: expert automatic algorithm Blockchain technology for house rental dApp image application model”, in EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing, volume 47, Berlin, Heidelberg: SpringerOpen, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 2:

(cryptocurrencies) A large and established network of servers able to facilitate cryptocurrency transactions.


light paper

WENN Digital, the company licensing Kodak's name to do an initial coin offering, sent emails to prospective investors Thursday with a link to a "light paper" detailing its plan for KodakCoin.

2018 March 18, Lily Katz, “Kodak's Crypto Coin Might Not Be a Security ... Or It Might Be”, in Bloomberg, New York, N.Y.: Bloomberg L.P., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-12-17:

There are many ICOs in our data sample that provide only the lightpaper version of their whitepaper. The lengthiest whitepaper in our data sample exhibits almost 300 pages, whereas the shortest one is just a single page lightpaper.

2023 March, Niranjan Sapkota, Klaus Grobys, “Fear sells: On the sentiment deceptions and fundraising success of initial coin offerings”, in Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, volume 83, Amsterdam: Elsevier, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 5:

(chiefly cryptocurrencies) A short white paper; a brief factual report detailing a new product or technology.


unit trust

(finance) A kind of collective investment that pools investors' money into a single managed fund.


CFTC

The Dodd-Frank Act of 2010 relies heavily on the CFTC to write reams of new rules to regulate derivatives markets, a task it struggling to complete in the face of industry opposition and political gridlock.

2012 April 20, “Too few cops on the beat”, in The Economist, →ISSN:

Commodity Futures Trading Commission
w:Commodity Futures Trading Commission

(US, finance) Initialism of Commodity Futures Trading Commission.


chain-ladder method

(accounting) An actuarial loss reserving technique based on the assumption that historical loss development patterns are indicative of future loss development patterns.


close the books

en-verb

close the books (third-person singular simple present closes the books, present participle closing the books, simple past and past participle closed the books)

closes the books (present singular third-person)
closing the books (participle present)
closed the books (participle past)
closed the books (past)

(idiomatic, finance, accounting) To finalize the financial records for a specific accounting period; to cease trading.


book of first entry

en-noun

book of first entry (plural books of first entry)

(business, finance, accounting) An accounting book or journal where all transactions are initially recorded.


book credit

(accounting, dated) In a ledger, an amount credited to a named account.


share forward accumulator

share forward accumulator (plural share forward accumulators)


frauditor

A blend of fraud + auditor. The journalistic sense appeared in the early 2020s. The first appearance of the business sense is uncertain.

(US, business, finance, uncommon) An auditor who seeks or uncovers instances of fraudulent activity in a business or other organization.


SLUG

(US, finance, informal) A special-purpose security of the State and Local Government Series.


time draft

(banking, finance) A draft that is guaranteed by an issuing bank but only payable in full until over a specified amount of time after it is received and accepted.


block time

block time (countable and uncountable, plural block times)

(cryptocurrencies) The average time it takes for the network to generate one extra block in the blockchain.


bullet payment

(finance) A lump sum payment made at once for the entirety of the outstanding balance on a loan.


cutoff time

(banking, finance) The time in a banking day in which any account transaction, request or instruction is halted.


time-based

(business, finance) Of payment or compensation that is related to the amount of time spent working.


cash is king

(business, finance, informal) A colloquial phrase sometimes used in analyzing businesses or investment portfolios. It may also refer to the importance of cash flow in the overall fiscal health of a business.


time premium

(business, finance) The amount by which an option price exceeds its intrinsic value.


loan officer

(business, finance) A person who valuates, authorizes, or recommends approval of loan applications for individuals and businesses.


debit account

If the entries on the left hand exceed in amount the entries on the right hand, the account is a debit account or an asset, and its value is the excess.

1891 May, Joseph Hardcastle, “Talks on Accounts”, in Business, volume 10:

(accounting) An account in which credits (money owed to the business) exceed debits (expenses).

For two months past the Director has had personally to meet deficiencies in the working expenses of the Institute and so our semi-annual account stands with a few dollars to the debit account.

1916, Semi-annual Report of the International Institute of China, page 2:

(accounting) An account in which debits exceed credits.


office copy

(business, finance) A copy of a letter or other document kept in a file by a company or organization.


certified copy

certified copy (plural certified copies)

(law, finance) A copy, often a photocopy, of a primary document containing an endorsement or certificate confirming it is a true copy of the primary document.


break-even time

break-even time (countable and uncountable, plural break-even times)

(business, finance) The point in time at which total costs are equal to total revenue.


time decay

(business, finance) The depreciation in value of an options contract as it nears its expiration.


time letter of credit

(business, finance) A letter of credit requiring a payment by the issuer after accepting drafts drawn under it after a period of time.


transfer pricing

(accounting) The rules and methods for pricing transactions within and between enterprises under common ownership or control.


outclearing book

outclearing book (plural outclearing books)

(business, finance, dated) A book in which documentation is recorded of bills and cheques sent by a bank to a clearing house.


I kill you later

I kill you later (plural I kill you laters)

(Hong Kong, finance, humorous) An accumulator.


postmoney

(finance) After investment or financing.


premoney

a premoney valuation of a business

(finance) Prior to investment or financing.


up round

(finance, business) A round of financing for a company that raises capital at a higher share price (or sometimes a higher company valuation) than the previous round.


down round

Despite the combined nearly $35bn write-off of supposed shareholder value, these “down round” IPOs are not being met with derision in Silicon Valley. Instead, they are a signal that rationality is slowly returning to venture capital.

2024 March 16, Tabby Kinder, “Reddit IPO reveals reality check for Silicon Valley”, in FT Weekend, Companies & Markets, page 14:

(finance, business) A round of financing for a company that raises capital at a lower share price (or sometimes a lower company valuation) than the previous round.


flat round

(finance, business) A round of financing for a company that raises capital at the same share price (or sometimes the same company valuation) as the previous round.


shadow account

(accounting, finance) A secondary representation of a financial account, especially one used to perform an independent verification.


full ratchet

(finance) An antidilution approach by which, if a subsequent round of funding would decrease an investor's equity ownership percentage, the investor is given additional shares to maintain the former percentage.


alternative minimum tax

alternative minimum tax (countable and uncountable, plural alternative minimum taxes)

(US, finance) A tax imposed by the United States federal government in addition to the regular income tax for certain individuals, estates, and trusts, originally designed to tax high-income taxpayers who used the regular tax system to pay little or no tax.


AMTI

alternative minimum tax
alternative minimum tax#English

(US, finance) Initialism of alternative minimum taxable income.


invisible trade

invisible trade (countable and uncountable, plural invisible trades)

Coordinate term: visible trade

(business, trading, finance) An international transaction not involving tangible goods, but services; the import and export of such services between nations.


carry trade

carry trade (countable and uncountable, plural carry trades)

(business, finance) A trading strategy involving the borrowing at a low-interest rate and investing in an asset providing a higher rate of return.


cash and carry trade

cash and carry trade (countable and uncountable, plural cash and carry trades)

(business, finance) An arbitrage strategy involving the purchasing of the underlying asset of a futures contract in the spot market and carrying it for the duration of the arbitrage.


coasting trade

coasting trade (countable and uncountable, plural coasting trades)

(business, trading) The business of transporting goods along the same coast.


bullet trade

bullet trade (countable and uncountable, plural bullet trades)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-bullet trade.wav

bullet + trade, implying the high velocity of a bullet during trading.

(business, finance) A secondary market trade involving the purchasing of an underlying asset already in the money, allowing the option buyer to capitalize on the move without waiting for the exchange-mandated price change.


out trade

out trade (countable and uncountable, plural out trades)

(business, finance) A trade that cannot be placed because it was received by an exchange containing information that is inconsistent or contradictory.


block trade

block trade (countable and uncountable, plural block trades)

(business, finance) A high-volume transaction in a security that is privately negotiated and executed outside of the open market for that security.


basket trade

basket trade (countable and uncountable, plural basket trades)

(business, finance) A type of trade involving the sale or purchase of fifteen or more securities and generally used to purchase stocks.


uptick trade

uptick trade (countable and uncountable, plural uptick trades)

(business, finance) A type of transaction taking place at a higher price than the preceding transaction involving the same security.


trade term

(business, trading) A type of detail relating to prices and quotas in an agreement between nations trading with each other.


visible trade

visible trade (countable and uncountable, plural visible trades)

Coordinate term: invisible trade

(business, trading, finance) An international transaction involving tangible goods, but not services; the import and export of such goods between nations.


freedom of trade

freedom of trade (usually uncountable, plural freedoms of trade)

(business, trading) The ability of individuals and businesses to engage in commerce across borders without any restrictions.


spot trade

spot trade (countable and uncountable, plural spot trades)

(business, finance) A method of purchasing and selling assets at the current market rate, i.e., the spot price, with the intention of taking delivery of the underlying asset immediately.


trade barrier

(economics, business, trading) A government-induced restriction on international trade.


Western Canadian Select

(finance, petroleum) A heavy sour blend of crude oil that is one of North America's largest heavy crude oil streams.


West Texas Intermediate

(finance, petroleum) A grade or mix of crude oil; also used to refer to the spot price, the futures price, or assessed price for that oil.


toxic asset

(finance) A financial asset that has fallen in value significantly and for which there is no longer a functioning market.


secured debt

Coordinate term: secured loan

(business, finance) Debt that is backed or secured by collateral or assets in order to reduce the risk associated with lending.


secured creditor

secured creditor (plural secured creditors)

(business, finance) A creditor with the benefit of a security interest over some or all of the assets of the debtor.


personal ledger

personal ledger (plural personal ledgers)

Coordinate term: real ledger

(accounting, business) A book or a computer document containing personal accounts, chiefly those of creditors and debtors.


real ledger

Coordinate term: personal ledger

(accounting, business) A book or a computer document containing amounts relating to property and equipment.


useful life

(accounting) The time during which something is productive.


broker-dealer

(finance) a person, company or other organization that engages in the business of trading securities for its own account or on behalf of its customers.


GFT

GFT (countable and uncountable, plural GFTs)

From Atari's official website and blog, coined in 2022.

A GFT is a surprise, limited edition, gift-wrapped NFTs designed to delight – on any occasion.

2022 January 27, “Atari is celebrating it’s 50th anniversary with giftable NFTs”, in New Musical Express:

Purchasers can either keep their GFT for themselves, or alternatively, and as their title suggests, they can gift the suspense-filled digital asset to a friend.

2022 February 1, “Atari Combine NFTs with Loot Boxes in New ‘GFT’ Collection”, in NFT Plaza:

(cryptocurrencies, technology, neologism) Initialism of gift-fungible token.


revenue recognition

(accounting) The point at which revenue is recognized or recorded, which, depending on the system, may be when the money is received (cash basis), or may be when goods are transferred to the customer (accrual basis).


procure to pay

(business, finance) The business events that link the procurement process with the financial functions of a business, including supply management, requisitions, purchase orders, receiving, invoice reconciliation, and accounts payable.


project accounting

(business, accounting) A type of managerial accounting oriented toward the goals of project management and delivery.


diworsify

en-verb

diworsify (third-person singular simple present diworsifies, present participle diworsifying, simple past and past participle diworsified)

diworsifies (present singular third-person)
diworsifying (participle present)
diworsified (participle past)
diworsified (past)

You can see whether and to what extent a fund manager is lagging or beating his or her benchmark, and whether he or she is taking on more risk than the investment universe (or, on the other hand, lagging due to holdings in cash, or "diworsifying" by going beyond its single-sector mandate).

2007, James Lowell, What Every Fidelity Investor Needs to Know, Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., →ISBN, page 102:

(intransitive, transitive, finance, business, informal, humorous) To make something worse by diversifying.


diworsification

en-noun

diworsification (countable and uncountable, plural diworsifications)

Blend of diversification + worse. Coined by American investor, mutual fund manager Peter Lynch.

coinage

Furthermore, even well-regarded public companies have been known to fritter away their shareholders' funds in ill-timed business expansions or, as Peter Lynch has said, "diworsifications."

1997, Ralph L. Block, The Essential REIT: A Guide to Profitable Investing in Real Estate Investment Trusts, San Francisco, C.A.: Brunston Press, →ISBN, page 9:

Not only does the process create an organic and self-sustaining kind of teamwork, but it prevents diworsification for companies, which can stay focused on what they do best and what fits their core competencies.

2008, Paul Orfalea, Lance Helfert, Atticus Lowe, Dean Zatkowsky, The Entrepreneurial Investor: The Art, Science, and Business of Value Investing, Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., →ISBN, page 68:

(finance, business, informal, humorous) The process by which something is made something worse by diversifying.


WCR

Coordinate term: WC

working capital requirement
working capital requirement#English

(business, accounting) Initialism of working capital requirement.


working capital requirement

en-noun

working capital requirement (uncountable)

(business, accounting) The minimum amount of working capital that a business needs to run its operations smoothly.


debt release

debt release (countable and uncountable, plural debt releases)

(business, finance) A discharge or release from an existing financing agreement, in which the borrower is no longer required to pay their share or timely installments.


time account

(banking, finance) An account into which a time deposit may be completed.


time to expiry

time to expiry (countable and uncountable, plural times to expiry)

(business, finance) The amount of time remaining until a financial contract expires.


time diversification

(finance) A notion implying that the passage of time diversifies risk, and hence the volatility of risky assets diminishes over long time periods.


time value premium

time value premium (plural time value premiums)

(finance) The amount by which the total premium of an option exceeds its intrinsic value.


time value of money

(economics, business, finance) A widely accepted conjecture that there is greater benefit to receiving a sum of money now rather than an identical sum later.


time discount

(business, finance) A discount permitted for a payment of a bill or invoice before its due date.


time plan

time plan (countable and uncountable, plural time plans)

(business, finance) A type of system permitting the payment of goods or services by installments.


time hedge

(finance) The act or practice of holding a trade for only the required time in order to capture the targeted risk.


time order

(finance, trading) An order that changes its form after a certain time period, by becoming either a market or a limited price order, or is cancelled altogether.


expiration time

expiration time (countable and uncountable, plural expiration times)

(finance, trading) The moment when an option becomes void and can no longer be used, occurring on the third Saturday of the expiration month.


time trade

(finance, trading) The act of selling or buying a financial instrument based on the time at which the trade occurs, such as buying short.


forfaiter

(finance) One who provides financial support in the form of forfaiting.


forfaiting

(finance) A service providing medium-term financial support for export/import of capital goods.


margin of safety

margin of safety (plural margins of safety)

(finance) The difference between the intrinsic value of a stock and its market price.

(accounting) The strength of a business measured by the amount of income earned above the break-even point.


growth investing

Coordinate term: value investing

(finance) An investment strategy that focuses focused on capital appreciation, preferring companies that exhibit signs of above-average growth, even if the share price appears expensive in terms of metrics such as price-to-earnings or price-to-book ratios.


cost base

(finance, accounting, UK, Australia, New Zealand) The fixed costs, and sometimes all other costs as well, involved in running a company or producing a product.


clientele effect

clientele effect (plural clientele effects)

(economics, finance) The idea that the set of investors attracted to a particular kind of security will affect the price of the security when policies or circumstances change.


disposition effect

disposition effect (plural disposition effects)

(finance) The tendency of investors to sell assets that have increased in value, while keeping assets that have dropped in value.


international Fisher effect

international Fisher effect (plural international Fisher effects)

(finance) The hypothesis that the differences in nominal interest rates reflect expected changes in the spot exchange rate between countries.


days sales outstanding

(accounting) The ratio of the number of accounts receivable to the average number of sales per day, used as an estimate of the number of days needed to collect all accounts receivable.


market timing

market timing (countable and uncountable, plural market timings)

(finance) The strategy of making a decision of buying or selling of financial assets (often stocks) by attempting to predict future market price movements.


bid down

en-verb

bid down (third-person singular simple present bids down, present participle bidding down, simple past and past participle bid down)

bids down (present singular third-person)
bidding down (participle present)
bid down (participle past)
bid down (past)

(finance) To bid by offering low interest rates on a lien, such that the lowest bidder will win.


sell the family silver

sell the family silver (third-person singular simple present sells the family silver, present participle selling the family silver, simple past and past participle sold the family silver)

sells the family silver (present singular third-person)
selling the family silver (participle present)
sold the family silver (participle past)
sold the family silver (past)

Referring to the selling of heirlooms. Use in reference to national policy popularized in a paraphrasing of a 1985 speech by former British prime minister Harold Macmillan: “The sale of assets is common with individuals and states when they run into financial difficulties. First, all the Georgian silver goes, and then all that nice furniture that used to be in the saloon. Then the Canalettos go,” in reference the privatization policy of Margaret Thatcher.

And if it is close, when is it sensible to sell the family silver?

1988, Lee E. Preston, editor, International and Comparative Studies, volume 1, →ISBN, page 161:

There have been resignations of government officials over anomalies in the privatisation of the copper industry, while the charge that the government is selling the family silver is still voiced frequently.

2000, Steve Kayizzi-Mugerwa, editor, The African Economy: Policy, Institutions and the Future, →ISBN, page 192:

[...] yet it had only a 50 percent stake because its partner, while recognizing that it needed and alliance in order to introduce new products, was unwilling to sell the family silver by giving up 51 percent.

2003, James D. Bamford, Benjamin Gomes-Casseres, Michael S. Robinson, Mastering Alliance Strategy, →ISBN, page 60:

(politics, finance) To sell a valuable or critical asset, especially for immediate or short-term gain.

sell one's birthright for a mess of pottage


leg out

leg out (third-person singular simple present legs out, present participle legging out, simple past and past participle legged out)

legs out (present singular third-person)
legging out (participle present)
legged out (participle past)
legged out (past)

(finance, US) To dispose of a debt to avoid integrated treatment under US tax law.


borrowback

en-noun

borrowback (countable and uncountable, plural borrowbacks)

Coordinate term: leaseback

A borrowback can be used to increase investment yield.

1982, Annual Notre Dame Estate Planning Institute, volume 7, page 516:

There are other income shifting techniques besides trusts, such as gifts with leaseback or borrowback arrangements, family businesses, and loans. But these are tax avoidance measures which rightfully belong in another work.

1987, Gerald Krefetz, “Taxation and the Saver”, in All About Saving, New York, N. Y.: John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 162:

Under the gift and borrowback arrangement, the parent (or other donor) makes a gift of money to the child (or to a custodian or the trustee of a trust) and subsequently borrows the money back from the child at a specified rate of interest.

1988, Alexander A. Bove, Nearly Free Tuition: Let the IRS Pay for Your Child's Education, page 81:

(finance) An arrangement in which an asset is sold or given to another, and then borrowed back from the trust or person to whom it was sold or given. Typically, this is done either to take advantage of a lower tax rate on the part of the one to whom the asset is given, or to allow a trust to earn a higher rate of interest than that available from a bank.


attack timing

attack timing (countable and uncountable, plural attack timings)

(business, finance) The strategic decision of the appropriate time in launching a competitive move, market initiative, or the launch of a new product.


clean down

en-verb

clean down (third-person singular simple present cleans down, present participle cleaning down, simple past and past participle cleaned down)

cleans down (present singular third-person)
cleaning down (participle present)
cleaned down (participle past)
cleaned down (past)

You should clean down at the end of each quarter.


time deposit account

en-noun

time deposit account (plural time deposit accounts)

(banking, finance) A type of interest-bearing bank or credit union account requiring the depositing of money into an account for a pre-agreed length of time, or a term.


AMAC

Asset Management Association of China
w:Asset Management Association of China

(finance) Acronym of Asset Management Association of China.


wage moderation

wage moderation (plural wage moderations)

(finance, economics) A method of devaluing a real exchange rate internally, as a way of regaining competitiveness when a nation's nominal exchange rate is fixed.


third-order

(finance) Of or pertaining to third-order Greeks, used by portfolio managers and derivative traders to measure risk and the sensitivity of an option in regard to changes in implied volatility, time premium decay, and the price of its underlying security.


VIX

Parents know that sleep and food can make everything better. And by Tuesday morning stocks rebounded, long-term interest rates reversed course and the VIX fell back to earth.

2024 August 7, Justin Wolfers, “The Stock Market Drama Was a Toddler Tantrum”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(finance) Short for Cboe volatility index.


collateral security

collateral security (plural collateral securities)


ie. (12,569.46) is a value equal to −12,569.46 [negative twelve-thousand five-hundred and sixty-nine point forty-six]

(finance, numbers) negation: Creates negative values in financial documents, by circumfixing a numeric value in Arabic numerals with round brackets. In these documents, the undecorated numeric value represents a positive value or an absolute value, while the parenthesized numeric value represents a negative value (a value in the red).


personal finance

financial management
financial management

(business, finance) The financial management that an individual or a family unit performs to budget, save, and spend monetary resources in a controlled manner, taking into account various financial risks and future life events.


corporate finance

(business, finance) The area of finance dealing with the sources of funding, and the capital structure of businesses, as well as the actions that managers take to increase the value of the firm to the shareholders.


European debt crisis

(economics, finance) A multiyear debt crisis that took place in the European Union from 2009 until the mid to late 2010s.


currency crisis

currency crisis (plural currency crises)

(economics, finance) A type of financial crisis during which the value of foreign denominated debt will rise drastically relative to the declining value of the home currency.


reverse split

When asked for Virgin Galactic's strategy on the reverse split, a company spokesperson referred to the firm's Jun. 12 proxy statement, which detailed the importance of maintaining its New York Stock Exchange listing for liquidity and future capital raises.

2024 July 3, Rainier Harris, “Even Virgin Galactic Loyalists Are Starting to Lose Faith”, in Bloomberg News, New York, N.Y.: Bloomberg L.P., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-07-03:

(finance) A process by which the stocks of a company are merged, resulting in a smaller number of more valuable shares.


stock of record

stock of record (plural stocks of record)

(finance) A stock held by a registered stockholder on a given date.


multisig

Clipping of multisignature. By surface analysis, multi- + sig (“signature”).

surf

cryptocurrency wallet
cryptocurrency wallet#Noun

(cryptocurrencies) Of a cryptocurrency wallet: requiring two or more signatures from different private keys in order to complete a transaction.


multisig

Schroé describes Spiderchains as a decentralized network of multisigs, similar in concept to the Lightning Network but using a different architecture.

2024 June 7, “Proof-Of-Stake On Bitcoin? Discussing Botanix's Spiderchains”, in Bitcoin Magazine, archived from the original on 2024-06-08:

(cryptocurrencies) A multisig cryptocurrency wallet.


reverse of trade

en-noun

reverse of trade (plural reverses of trade)

In the commencement of the winter, by a sudden reverse of trade, more than 20,000 weavers in the liberty were thrown out of employment.

1830, Lancet Publications (publisher), The Lancet, page 574:

How frequently is it not the case, that private Banks in districts where capital is redundant, invest in mortgages and dead loans, and trade upon circulation? which on any reverse of trade or convulsion in credit, they are unable to redeem

1837, H. Leggatt and Company (publisher), John Horsley Palmer, Esq.'s Pamphlet on " The Causes and Consequences of the Pressure Upon the Money Market" Considered To which are Added, a Few Remarks Upon the Establishement of Joint Stock Banks ..., page 20:

whenever there comes a reverse of trade in those parishes (though very possibly there is not a single person connected with the railway residing in the parish, or who can get a settlement in the parish)

1850, Great Britain, Parliament, House of Commons, Reports from Committees, Volume 16, page 96:

(business, economics, trading) A downturn or disruption of economic conditions rendering much trade unprofitable.


trade standard

In this, the IOOC cooperated with the Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission to develop the Codex standard for table olives, as well as producing its own trade standard, the Unified Quality Standard Applying to Table Olives in International Trade.

1997, A. Garrido Fernandez, M.J. Fernandez-Diez, M.R. Adams, Table Olives - Production and Processing, page 47:

(business, economics, trading) A commonly agreed upon description of an expected quality of a product.


oversubscriber

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-oversubscriber.wav

When there is no investment banker acting as the residual buyer, and there is the probability that at least some of the stockholders will fail to either exercise or sell their rights, the risk exists that some of the stock will remain unsold. This danger can be eliminated by making available more stock to those who will exercise the right through instituting the privilege of over subscribing—that is, allowing stockholders to buy more shares at the subscription price in proportion to their purchases. In this way, if there are some nonexercised rights, they are allocated to the oversubscribers.

1996, Frank J. Fabozzi, Franco Modigliani, Capital Markets: Institutions and Instruments, second edition, Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, →ISBN, page 136:

(finance) Someone who subscribes to a larger amount of stocks than there are available.


bid wanted

(business, finance) An announcement by an investor holding a commodity, currency, or security, indicating their intent in selling the product, and their readiness to entertain price bids for it.


offer wanted

(business, finance) A notice by a potential buyer of a security indicating their search for a supply from a potential seller of the security, often requiring a capital commitment.


time-preference theory of interest

(business, finance) A theory stating that interest arises when present goods are exchanged for future goods because people prefer present goods over future ones.


bubblization

(finance, rare) The development of a financial bubble.


high-growth

en-adj

high-growth (comparative higher-growth, superlative highest-growth)

higher-growth (comparative)
highest-growth (superlative)

(business, finance, economics) That is increasing in size or value quickly.


October effect

(finance) A market anomaly caused by widespread psychological anticipation of stock market crashes in the month of October.


magnet play

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-magnet play.wav

I also do “magnet play" to round numbers as well as breakouts through such levels.

2014, Fernando Oliveira, Traders of the New Era, page 30:

(stock market, nonce word) The deliberate use of significant psychological price points (such as round numbers) to anticipate the behavior of other traders and to capitalize on movement towards those price points.


green accounting

(accounting, ecology) A type of accounting that attempts to factor environmental costs into the financial results of operations.


commercial letter of credit

en-noun

commercial letter of credit (plural commercial letters of credit)

(banking, business, finance) A document issued by a bank that guarantees payment to a supplier for goods or services.


accountant's letter

accountant's letter (plural accountant's letters)

(accounting, finance) A written statement by an independent auditor that precedes a company's financial report.


cross-chain

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cross-chain.wav

cross-chain consensus

(cryptocurrencies) Occurring one more than one blockchain.


middle office

(finance) A team of employees working in a financial services institution.


letter bond

(finance) A bond that is not registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission and cannot be sold to the public.


letter of guarantee

letter of guarantee (plural letters of guarantee)

(banking, finance) A document issued by a bank that ensures a beneficiary is paid if a bank customer defaults on a payment or obligation.


NMW

National Minimum Wage
w:National Minimum Wage

(UK, law, politics, finance) Initialism of National Minimum Wage.


CEX

All these issues stand as a backdrop to the ongoing battle between CEX and DEX environments. Regulatory and security concerns punctuate the growing need for traders to maintain custody of their assets and comply with regulators. Where CEXs often provide convenience for traders, they often come with security/seizure risk.

2024 April 10, Alex Wearn, “CEXs vs. DEXs: The Future Battle Lines”, in CoinDesk:

(cryptocurrencies) Abbreviation of centralized exchange.


finance charge

(US, law, banking, finance) Any fee representing the cost of credit, or the cost of borrowing, expressed as interest accrued on, and fees charged for, on some forms of credit.


stock bubble

(business, finance) A type of economic bubble occurring in stock markets when market participants drive stock prices above their value in relation to some system of stock valuation.


MOASS

(finance, slang) Abbreviation of mother of all short squeezes.


hardware wallet

hardware wallet (plural hardware wallets)

(cryptocurrencies) A physical electronic device that stores a user's private keys for cryptocurrencies.


financial district

financial district (plural financial districts)

(business, finance) The central area in a city where financial services firms such as banks, insurance companies, etc. have their headquarters offices.


kiddie tax

kiddie tax (countable and uncountable, plural kiddie taxes)

(US, finance) The taxing of certain unearned income of a child at the parent's marginal rate, regardless of whether the child can be claimed as a dependent on the parent's tax return.


tax in kind

(finance, taxation) Any form of taxation that is paid in kind, i.e., with goods or services rather than money.


wildcat banking

(banking, finance, historical) The issuance of paper currency in the United States by poorly capitalized state-chartered banks.


wildcat money

(banking, finance, historical) A paper currency that was issued by banks in the 19th century when there was no federal regulation of banks.


shadow accounting

(accounting, finance) The practice of maintaining financial records and calculations in a separate system from official sources.


NSE

Coordinate term: BSE (“Bombay Stock Exchange”)

National Stock Exchange of India
w:National Stock Exchange of India

(India, stock market) Initialism of National Stock Exchange of India.