polydactyly

From Ancient Greek πολυδάκτυλος (poludáktulos) + -y, from πολυ- (polu-, “many”) + δάκτυλος (dáktulos, “digits”), equivalent to poly- + dactyly or polydactyl + -y.^((Etymology 3))

bor

πολυδάκτυλος

affix

2003, Karl-Heinz Grzeschik, 66: Greig Cephalopolysyndactyly Syndrome, Mary Ann McLaughlin (supervising editor), NORD Guide to Rare Disorders, National Organization for Rare Disorders, Wolters Kluwer (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins), page 201,
Postaxial polydactyly is common in the hands and preaxial polydactyly in the feet.

Pranamya Menaria (India; born August 10, 2005) has 25 in total (12 fingers and 13 toes). This is as a result of the condition Polydactyly and Syndactyly.

2008, “Most Fingers and Toes — Living Person”, in Guinness World Records, Human Body — Extreme Bodies:

The rare polydactylies, that is, not clearly only postaxial or only preaxial, are the most likely to be associated with an underlying syndrome.

2021, Leah W. Burke, “3: Genetics of Associated Syndromes”, in Donald R. Laub Jr., editor, Congenital Anomalies of the Upper Extremity, Springer, page 42:

Polydactyly with a triphalangeal thumb will be described in the chapter on the triphalangeal thumb.[…]The incidence of polydactyly depends on the population studied and the definition used. Region, ethnicity and combined numbers of all polydactylies, or only radial or ulnar-sided polydactyly, provide very different incidences in published series.

2023, Christianne van Nieuwenhoven, Steven Hovius, “9: Thumb Polydactyly”, in Giorgio Pajardi, editor, Pediatric Hand Surgery, Springer, page 102:

(medicine, teratology) A congenital condition in which a person or animal has more than the usual number of digits (fingers or toes) on at least one of their hands or feet.

كَثْرَة اَلْأَصَابِع

condition of having more than the usual number of digits


achondroplasia

en-noun

achondroplasia (countable and uncountable, plural achondroplasias)

From a- (“not”) + chondro- (“cartilage”) + -plasia (“growth”).

affix

(teratology) A genetic disorder, the most common form of short limb dwarfism.


harelip

(teratology) A congenital malformation of the upper lip, reminiscent of the mouth of a hare.

兎唇

としん, toshin, いぐち, iguchi, みつくち, mitsukuchi


holoprosencephaly

en-noun

holoprosencephaly (countable and uncountable, plural holoprosencephalies)

From Ancient Greek ὅλος (hólos, “whole”) + πρόσω (prósō, “forwards, onwards”) (referring to the prosencephalon (“forebrain”)) + ἐγκέφαλος (enképhalos, “brain”) + English -y (suffix denoting a condition), i.e. “condition of a whole (inappropriately divided) forebrain”. By surface analysis, holo- + pro- + -s- + encephal- + -y.

surf

(teratology) A congenital disorder involving insufficient division of the lobes of the brain during fetal development, resulting in skull and facial deformities ranging from minor cleft lip problems to cyclopia, in which a single eye develops where the nose would normally be.

holoprosenkefalia

a congenital disorder involving insufficient division of the lobes of the brain


aprosopia

/æpɹəˈsəʊpɪə/

From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-) + πρόσωπον (prósōpon, “face”) + -ῐᾰ (-ĭă).

af

(teratology) having an underdeveloped face, or having no face


cleft palate

(teratology) An abnormal condition in which the two plates of the skull that form the hard palate (roof of the mouth) are not completely joined.


achondroplastic

(teratology) Of, related to, or suffering from achondroplasia.

achondroplasique

relating to or suffering from achondroplasia


arachnodactyly

(teratology) a condition in which the fingers and hands are abnormally long and slender


teratogen

(teratology) Any agent or substance which can cause malformation of an embryo or birth defects.


teratogenic

en-adj

teratogenic (comparative more teratogenic, superlative most teratogenic)

more teratogenic (comparative)
most teratogenic (superlative)

(teratology) Of, relating to, malformations or defects to an embryo or fetus.

In particular, the impact of the biomaterial used remains to be defined; grafting (biotissue can be introduced via direct cell implantation (cell therapy), biotissue transplantation, or gene therapy); risk of teratogenic effect and of immune reaction (i.e., in the umbilical cord cells the immune risk being weaker); religious and legal issues with respect to the different country regulations.

2015 August 2, J.-F. Stoltz et al., “Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine: Myth or Reality of the 21th Century”, in Stem Cells International, volume 2015, →DOI:

[…] as well as chemicals (potentially toxic) used in daily routine in research and educational institutes, industries (e.g., carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic) and in household that may confer danger to the living beings if discharged in the umbworld.

2018, Pankaj,, Sharma, Anita, Microbial Biotechnology in Environmental Monitoring and Cleanup, page 176:

(teratology) Causing malformations or defects to an embryo or fetus.


malformation

en-noun

malformation (countable and uncountable, plural malformations)

(teratology) An abnormal developmental feature of offspring.

уродливост

(teratology) abnormal developmental feature of offspring


syndactyly

syndactyly (countable and uncountable, plural syndactylies)

From syn- + Ancient Greek δάκτυλος (dáktulos, “finger”) + -y.

der

2008, Guinness World Records — Human Body — Extreme Bodies — Most Fingers and Toes — Living Person:

2012, Donald S. Bae, Chapter 47: Release of Simple Syndactyly, John M. Flynn, Sam W. Wiesel (editors), Operative Techniques in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Wolters Kluwer (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins), page 326,
• Syndactyly refers to the failure of separation between adjacent digits, resulting in "webbed" fingers.
• Congenital syndactyly is classified according to the extent of digital involvement and the character of the conjoined tissue.
• Complete syndactyly extends to the digital tips (FIG 1A), whereas incomplete syndactyly ends proximal to the fingertips (FIG 1B).
• Simple syndactyly refers to digits connected only by skin and soft tissue. Complex syndactyly denotes bony fusions between adjacent phalanges.
• Complicated syndactyly refers to the interposition of accessory phalanges or abnormal bones between digits.

Fig. 2.2f.1 Complete syndactyly. Schematic (A) shows syndactyly of hand excluding the thumb. The thumb may be included in the syndactyly, as evident in the left hand of the patient with Apert syndrome (B). The great toe is usually included in syndactyly of the foot.

2016, David B. Everman, “2: Hands and Feet”, in Roger E. Stevenson, Judith G. Hall, David B. Everman, Benjamin D. Solomon, editors, Human Malformations and Related Anomalies, 3rd edition, Oxford University Press, page 137:

Complex syndactylies are more often part of a syndrome such as Apert, Carpenter, or Saethre-Chotzen syndrome.

2021, Angelo B. Lipira, Joel S. Solomon, Jourdan A. Carboy, Juliana E. Hansen, “40: Congenital Hand Differences”, in Seth R. Thaller, Zubin J. Panthaki, editors, Tips and Tricks in Plastic Surgery, Springer, page 683:

(medicine, teratology) The anomalous condition, in humans, of having some fingers or toes fused with a web.


teratologic

(teratology) Pertaining to deformity, either congenital or resulting from accident.


teratogenesis

en-noun

teratogenesis (countable and uncountable, plural teratogeneses)

(teratology) The development of congenital malformations.


teratogenicity

teratogenicity (countable and uncountable, plural teratogenicities)

(teratology) The capability to cause malformations or defects to an embryo or foetus.


teratologist

(teratology) A scientist specializing in teratology.


teratological

In Jack London's urban gothic, the city's teratological economy comes to light in grotesque animal allegories.

1998, Christophe Den Tandt, The Urban Sublime in American Literary Naturalism:

(teratology) Of or relating to teratology.

(teratology) Of abnormal growth or structure of a fetus or embryo.


teratogenetic

en-adj

teratogenetic (comparative more teratogenetic, superlative most teratogenetic)

more teratogenetic (comparative)
most teratogenetic (superlative)


cyclopia

From cyclops + -ia; From Ancient Greek Κύκλωψ (Kúklōps).

(teratology) A congenital abnormality in which the orbits of the eye do not divide to form separate sockets


arthrogryposis

en-noun

arthrogryposis (countable and uncountable, plural arthrogryposes)

(countable, teratology) The permanent fixation of a joint in a contracted position.

artrogriposi

the permanent fixation of a joint in a contracted position

Republican front-runner twisted his arms in apparent imitation of Serge Kovaleski’s arthrogryposis as he reiterated controversial 9/11 claims[.]

2015 November 26, Claire Phipps, “New York Times slams 'outrageous' Donald Trump for mocking reporter's disability”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(uncountable, teratology) A congenital disorder in which the joints are so fixed because of lack of muscle development.


anophthalmia

anophthalmia (usually uncountable, plural anophthalmias)

(teratology) The congenital absence of one or both eyes

anoftalmia

the congenital absence of one or both eyes


arthrogrypotic

(pathology, teratology) Of, pertaining to or affected with arthrogryposis.


acrocephalosyndactylia

acrocephalopolysyndactyly (alternative)
acrocephalosyndactyly (alternative)

(teratology) craniosynostosis together with syndactyly


sirenomelia

From Ancient Greek Σειρήν (Seirḗn, “Siren from Greek mythology”) + μέλος (mélos, “limb”) + -εια (-eia, nominal suffix).

af

(teratology) A rare congenital deformity in which the legs are fused together, giving them the appearance of a mermaid's tail.


Apert syndrome

Named after Eugène Apert, French physician.

(teratology) A form of acrocephalosyndactyly.


Chiari malformation

en-noun

Chiari malformation (countable and uncountable, plural Chiari malformations)

Named after Austrian pathologist Hans Chiari.

(teratology) A malformation of the brain, consisting of a downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum, sometimes causing hydrocephalus.


Arnold-Chiari malformation

Arnold-Chiari malformation (countable and uncountable, plural Arnold-Chiari malformations)

Named after Austrian pathologist Hans Chiari and German pathologist Julius Arnold.


arrhinia

(teratology) Congenital absence of the nose


anotia

(teratology) A rare congenital deformity where the pinna or auricle, the outer projected portion of the ear, is completely absent.


anodontia

anodontia (countable and uncountable, plural anodontias)

/ˌæn.əˈdɑn.ʃə/

From an- (prefix meaning ‘lacking, without’) + -odontia (suffix forming nouns denoting the condition of teeth).

confix

(dentistry, teratology) The congenital absence of some or all primary or permanent teeth, caused by a rare genetic disorder.


arthrochalasis

The so-called Danlos or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome consists of three symptoms: (1) pronounced fragility of the skin and its blood vessels, with breaking, splitting and the formation of hematomas and pseudotumors subsequent to the slightest trauma (dermatorrhexis-fragilitas cutis), (2) a more or less pronounced hyperlaxity and hyperelasticity of the skin (dermatochalasis-laxitas cutis) and (3) more or less pronounced hyperlaxity or hyperflexibility of the joints (arthrochalasis-laxitas articularis).

1936 June 27, F Ronchese, “Dermatorrhexis with dermatochalasis and arthrochalasis (the so-called Ehlers-Danlos syndrome)”, in American Journal of Diseases of Children, volume 51, number 6, page 1403:

Generalized hypermobility of joints has been reviewed by Hass and Hass (1958) who described 5 patients in detail and called the condition arthrochalasis multiplex congenita; they noted that little attention had been paid previously to the orthopaedic manifestations and stressed that generalized hypermobility could exist without skin laxity; they suggested that it was an entity separable from Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and that joint involvement was very variable.

1973 June 27, JR Owen, “Generalized hypermobility of joints: arthrochalasis multiplex congenita.”, in Archives of Disease in Childhood, volume 48, number 6, page 487:

The classic, hypermobility and vascular subtype of EDS are the most common, whereas the kyphoscoliosis, arthrochalasis and dermatosparaxis types constitute very rare conditions.

2014, Jaroslava Halper, Progress in Heritable Soft Connective Tissue Diseases, page 130:

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

(teratology) A rare form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, characterised by very loose joints and dislocations involving both hips.

artrocalasia

disorder characterised by very loose joints


cebocephaly

(teratology) A developmental anomaly of the head, characterized by a monkey-like head with a defective small, flattened nose with a single nostril or absent nose and closely set eyes.


polysyndactyly

(teratology) polydactyly and syndactyly in the same hand or foot


cephalopolysyndactyly

From cephalo- + polysyndactyly or cephalo- + poly- + syn- + dactyl + -y.

Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome

(pathology, teratology) A disorder that affects development of the limbs, head, and face.