x-word

To change a statement into a question that can be answered “yes” or “no,” one must place an X-word (one of twenty-three auxiliaries or modals) at the beginning of the sentence.

1969, Jacqueline Griffin, “Remedial Composition at an Open-Door College”, in College Composition and Communication, volume 20, number 5, →JSTOR, page 361:

The only five x-words that offer any choice of verb form are am, is, are, was and were, and this very limited choice represents the important difference between active and passive voice, for example is eating versus is eaten.

1977, Linda Ann Kunz, “X-word Grammar: Offspring of Sector Analysis”, in Journal of Basic Writing, volume 1, number 3, →JSTOR, page 68:

Past time X-words are did, had, was, were; […]

2018, Sue Livingston et al., “Effect of X-Word Grammar and Traditional Grammar Instruction on Grammatical Accuracy”, in English Language Teaching, volume 11, number 3, →DOI, page 121:

(grammar) One of a group of fundamental English auxiliary or modal verb forms.


independent genitive

en-noun

independent genitive (plural independent genitives)

(grammar) A grammatical construction in which a noun or pronoun in the genitive or possessive case is used independently of the noun which it possesses.


substantive genitive

substantive genitive (plural substantive genitives)

independent genitive
independent genitive#English

(grammar) Synonym of independent genitive.


independent possessive

independent possessive (plural independent possessives)


reflexive possessive

reflexive possessive (plural reflexive possessives)

(grammar) An auxiliary grammatical construction in which the object of a clause is stated to be in the possession of the subject; usually as way to clarify, specify or emphasize the overall meaning of the statement.


associative plural

associative plural (plural associative plurals)

Coordinate term: additive plural

(grammar) A form of plural — typically used with a name, title or kinship term — which collectively refers to all those people associated with the referent (within the given frame of reference).


cohort plural

associative plural
associative plural#English

(grammar) Synonym of associative plural.


additive plural

additive plural (plural additive plurals)

Coordinate term: associative plural

(grammar) A form of plural in which the referent is a collection of those items to which the stem itself refers (within a given frame of reference).


nonverb

Where no ambiguity has resulted, the terms (i.e., "verb," "nonverb," "noun," "adjective," etc.) applied to these classes have been used to refer to forms consisting of anything from a stem (single, nonaffix morpheme) to a sequence of several morphemes, whether or not the form in question constituted a word.

1960, Alfred Louis Kroeber, George William Grace, The Sparkman Grammar of Luiseño, University of California Press, page 57:


proprietive

Mongolian has a proprietive derivational suffix.

(grammar) Of or relating to possession or being endowed of.


headless genitive

headless genitive (plural headless genitives)


abtemporal

(grammar) Of or relating to the grammatical aspect which expresses an action which started before the primary action of a statement, and which is still ongoing.


immediative

(grammar) Of or relating to the grammatical aspect which expresses a secondary action which occurs immediately before the primary action of a statement.


contemporal

(grammar) Of or relating to the grammatical aspect which expresses that a secondary action occurs (and is completed) immediately before the primary action of the statement.


な-adjective

/nɑː ˈæd͡ʒɪktɪv/

Coordinate term: い-adjective

Because そう is a な-adjective, its negative form is そうじゃない, except that そうにない should be used for verbs.

2014 January 1, Yukiko Abe Hatasa, Kazumi Hatasa, Seiichi Makino, Nakama 1: Japanese Communication Culture Context, Cengage Learning, →ISBN, page 370:

(Japanese grammar) An adjective that necessitates the copula な (-na) if followed by a noun.

na-adjektiivi

adjective that necessitates the copula な if followed by a noun


locativize

en-verb

locativize (third-person singular simple present locativizes, present participle locativizing, simple past and past participle locativized)

locativizes (present singular third-person)
locativizing (participle present)
locativized (participle past)
locativized (past)

[…] (the Ateso prefix o- locativizes the noun).

1959, Anthropological Linguistics, page 375:

-co is a morpheme that, taking the place of the absolutive nominal suffix, locativizes noun stems.

1988, Linguistic Change & Contact: Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference on New Ways of Analyzing Variation, page 138:

As in the Deictic Pronoun Locative Construction, in the Definite Reference Locative Construction, the verbal stem is locativized by the encliticization of the Locative Marker onto the verbal stem.

1991, Lawrence Richard Morgan, A Description of the Kutenai Language, page 454:

Again there are two acceptable ways of locativizing a class 5 nominal.

1997, Studies in African Linguistics, page 186:

Normally, these nouns would be locativized by means of the locative suffix -ng, but it would seem that some uneasiness exists regarding the use of this suffix to locativize neologisms, specifically terms, regardless of whether these are loanwords/adoptives from English or Afrikaans, or existing Northern Sotho words (the semantic content of which has been adapted to designate new concepts).

In most Bantu languages many nouns can be locativized by recategorizing them in a locative class.

2008, Derek Nurse, Tense and Aspect in Bantu, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 289:

Nouns belonging to Classes 1, la, 2, 2a and 6 (signifying people) are locativized by replacing the initial vowel of the noun with the locative prefix ku-, for example: […]

2010, Arnett Wilkes, Nikolias Nkosi, Complete Zulu, Teach Yourself, published 2014, →ISBN:

(grammar) To convert to a locative form.


quadrual

The trial is rare everywhere in the world, except in Melanesia and Polynesia. The most complicated number system with a five-fold division, including a quadrual (four), is reported for Marshalese in the Pacific but does not occur at all in Africa.

1977, Edgar A. Gregersen, Language in Africa: An Introductory Survey, page 62:


quatral

We are familiar with the singular and plural from English, and with the dual from Greek, but in a few languages, particularly in parts of Oceania, we meet, in addition to the singular, dual and plural, a trial, a quatral, or both.

1928, Anthropological Quarterly, volumes 1-10, page 20:


Gruppenflexion

Borrowed from German Gruppenflexion (“group inflection”).

bor+

(grammar, rare) The practice, for example in Tibetan and Tocharian, of inflecting noun phrases with case by only inflecting the last word of the noun phrase with said case.


sigmation

(grammar) The process of sigmating; addition of a sigma.


substantize

en-verb

substantize (third-person singular simple present substantizes, present participle substantizing, simple past and past participle substantized)

substantizes (present singular third-person)
substantizing (participle present)
substantized (participle past)
substantized (past)

(transitive, grammar) Synonym of substantivise


cliticalization

(grammar) The process of forming or adding clitics.


verbal participle

en-noun

verbal participle (plural verbal participles)

(grammar) A participle in Hungarian, similar in meaning to the past participle but expressing it with a past-tense definite-object verb form, which takes its argument as a subject in the nominative (like a finite verb), rather than with a phrase equivalent to “by …”, while the phrase functions as a participle, since the verb form qualifies the noun as an attribute.


similitive

(grammar) Likening one thing to another.


perfectivize

en-verb

perfectivize (third-person singular simple present perfectivizes, present participle perfectivizing, simple past and past participle perfectivized)

perfectivizes (present singular third-person)
perfectivizing (participle present)
perfectivized (participle past)
perfectivized (past)

(transitive, grammar) To make perfective.


encliticize

encliticize (third-person singular simple present encliticizes, present participle encliticizing, simple past and past participle encliticized)

encliticizes (present singular third-person)
encliticizing (participle present)
encliticized (participle past)
encliticized (past)


microsyntax

en-noun

microsyntax (countable and uncountable, plural microsyntaxes)

Coordinate term: macrosyntax

(grammar) Syntax within individual clauses.


macrosyntax

macrosyntax (countable and uncountable, plural macrosyntaxes)

Coordinate term: microsyntax

(grammar) Syntax beyond the clause level.


adnominality

(grammar) The quality of being adnominal.


composite sentence

composite sentence (plural composite sentences)

A composite sentence is the union of two or more sentences which from their contents, the way in which they are arranged or joined together, and the manner in whih they are uttered, form a whole. The relation between the different members of a composite sentence is that of: a) Co-ordination (parataxis), when they are of equal rank. […] b) Subordination (hypotaxis), when one memebr represents an element (subject, nominal part of the predicate, object, etc.) of the other.

1904, Hendrik Poutsma, A Grammar of Late Modern English, Part I: The Sentence, page 351

When, however, we come to composite sentences (that is, sentences consisting of two or more clauses), we have to deal with the notions of main clause, head clause, and subordinate clause.

1971, Boris Aleksandrovich Ilyish, Строй современного английского языка, second edition, page 189

The composite sentence, in its two forms compound and complex, is relatively straightforward, though rather different from the simple sentence.

1986, Ian Press, A Grammar of Modern Breton, second edition, page 204

Composite sentences can be categorized into two types: (1) coordinate sentence, in which the included sentence forms are of equal statuses and (2) subordinate sentence, in which the included sentence forms include major ones and subordinate ones.

2022, Wang Li, translated by Bo Wang, Modern Chinese Grammar I: Syntax:

(grammar) a sentence that contains multiple clauses, whether independent (coordinated) or dependent (subordinated); compound or complex sentence


complexive

(grammar) A term expressing complex actions or items as one whole.


complexive

(grammar) Expressing complex actions or items as one whole.


apo koinou

/æpəˈkɔɪnuː/

Ellipsis from Ancient Greek σχῆμα ἀπὸ κοινοῦ (skhêma apò koinoû, “figure [drawn] from what is common”).

bor

σχῆμα ἀπὸ κοινοῦ

(grammar) A blend of two asyndetically connected clauses through a lexical word that has two syntactical functions, one in each of the blended clauses.


pref.

Alternative form: pref


presubject

Presubject elements may be conjunctions, prepositional groups, nonfinite clauses, or whole dependent clauses that precede the grammatical subject of the main clause.

2009, Representational Systems and Practices as Learning Tools, page 274:

Tense/aspect/mood (tam) particles furnish a broad range of conjugation patterns (i.e. patterns in which verb stem can appear) and can be subdivided into two positional classes of preverbal and presubject particles.

2010, Isabelle Brill, Clause Linking and Clause Hierarchy: Syntax and Pragmatics:

These may occur in presubject position, prepredicate position, within the verb phrase, preceding equated attributives, and final to the clause.

2013, Eugene A. Nida, A Synopsis of English Syntax:

(grammar, of a part of speech) Occurring before the subject in a sentence or expression.


postsubject

(grammar, of a part of speech) Occurring after the subject in a sentence or expression.


renarrative

/ˌɹiːˈnæ.ɹə.tɪv/

(grammar) Inferential; pertaining to the inferential mood.


renarrative

/ˌɹiːˈnæ.ɹə.tɪv/

(grammar, often with definite article) The inferential mood.


postpositioning

Nonetheless, PPs in my dataset not only make up the bulk of the non-clausal postpositionings, but they are also postpositioned at a relatively high rate, particularly in comparison to adverbs, the second most frequent form.

2020, Shannon Dubenion-Smith, “A typology of non-clausal postpositioning in German dialects”, in Janet Zhiqun Xing, editor, A Typological Approach to Grammaticalization and Lexicalization: East Meets West (Trends in Linguistics; 327), Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 245:

(grammar) An instance where a modifier appears after the noun it modifies.


speech act participant

en-noun

speech act participant (plural speech act participants)

(grammar) The speaker or listener of a sentence; the first person or second person.


lexicalizer

(grammar) One who or that which lexicalizes.


flat adverb

(grammar) An adverb which has the same form as the corresponding adjective (sometimes associated with informal or dialectal speech).


ppl. a.

participial adjective
participial adjective#English

(grammar) Abbreviation of participial adjective.


connecting word

connecting word (plural connecting words)

(grammar) A term that links two ideas in a piece of writing, a conjunction.


middle verb

Formation of the middle verbs mentioned above illustrates that derivational processes are used to create specific subclasses of verbs. Middle verbs in English are intransitive verbs, whereas their base verbs are transitive, that is, require a direct object to be present. Middle verb formation is therefore a case of change in syntactic valency.

2005, Geert Booij, The Grammar of Words: An Introduction to Linguistic Morphology, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 60:

(grammar) A verb which expresses an action when used transitively and a state when used intransitively.


pseudoreflexive

Another strategy when the object is not human, used less than in Italian or Spanish but nevertheless not uncommon, is the pseudo-reflexive structure, that is, the use of the active forms of a verb reflexive in appearance in a 'passive' sense (les fleurs se vendent ici le dimanche lit. 'flowers sell themselves . . .' i.e. 'flowers are sold here on Sundays').

1987, Bernard Comrie, editor, The World's Major Languages, New York, N.Y., Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, published 1990, →ISBN, page 228:

(grammar) Of a verb: requiring the use of a reflexive construction when no reflexive action is actually taking place.


emphatic pronoun

emphatic pronoun (plural emphatic pronouns)

(grammar) A pronoun used in an emphatic way, or otherwise syntactically restricted to use in emphatic contexts


comparee

(grammar) The thing against which something else is compared.


fused head

(grammar) A linguistic element that serves as both a head and a determinative, for example “some” in the noun phrase “some of her books” or “any” in the phrase “I don’t see any”. In traditional grammars of English, these are often understood as a type of pronoun.


versionizer

(grammar) Any of the four Kartvelian vowels, which express the grammatical category of version.


self-intensifier

intensive pronoun
intensive pronoun#English


aspectual pair

(grammar, lexicography) Pair of verbs that have the same meaning but differ in aspect.


unitransitive

(grammar) Transitive and taking only a single object.


donkey pronoun

(grammar) The pronoun, in a donkey sentence, whose syntactic role poses a challenge.


donkey sentence

donkey sentence (plural donkey sentences)

(grammar) A sentence that contains a pronoun with clear meaning (bound semantically) but whose syntactic role poses a challenge.


tableword

From table + word. Calque of Esperanto tabelvorto.

And how many little words and particles that fit nowhere must we learn? Esperanto's inventor Zamenhof had a stroke of genius on that: the so-called table words.

1991 June 11, Daniel Pfeiffer, “Common Language”, in sci.lang (Usenet):

There is a table of words for what/when/where / that/then/there etc, but that's about it... ¶ If you are learning just by reading the text, a useful trick to know is that words and word-roots can be stuck together to make bigger words. (But the above-mentioned tablewords are *not* made that way.)

1996 June 21, Jiri Baum, “Re: Help”, in soc.culture.esperanto (Usenet):

Doubters may wish to investigate the 600+ page _Plena analiza gramatiko de Esperanto_ by Kalocsay & Waringhien. The sixteen "rules" are of the second type, and even for this they are not complete (they do not address the table-words, for instance).

1998 February 4, Don HARLOW, “Re: Multilingual Americans: A rare breed???”, in sci.lang.translation (Usenet):

While I like the table words (tabelvortoj), there is a fundamental flaw in it: The question words are also overloaded for use as relative pronouns. This is clearly a highly Eurocentric design.

2004 June 25, LEE Sau Dan, “Re: Learning a language”, in sci.lang (Usenet):

The grammar of Esperanto provides good opportunities to create pithy and catchy PUs, especially proverbs. Zamenhof, for example, made extensive use of a set of Esperanto correlatives, the so-called table-words. This is a closed subsystem that allows the completely regular formation of 45 pronouns and adverbs through cross-reference in a table [15].

2015, Sabine Fiedler, “Esperanto Phraseology”, in Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, volume 13, number 2, →DOI, page 255:

(grammar) Any of the basic correlatives in Esperanto, often displayed in a table.


い-adjective

/iː ˈæd͡ʒɪktɪv/

From Japanese い (-i) + adjective, so named because all such adjectives end in い (-i) in their imperfective positive form.

Coordinate term: な-adjective

(Japanese grammar) An inflecting Japanese adjective.


preterital

(grammar) Of or relating to the preterite.


object clause

(grammar) A clause that is the object of a sentence.


clusive

This can be seen most clearly by joining the constituents of these clusive pronouns with ox/ux 'and'.


root morpheme

(grammar, linguistics) A monomorphemic stem, irreducible into more meaningful elements.


inverse attraction

relative pronoun
relative pronoun#English

(grammar) A species of solecism, in which an antecedent is declined for the case of its relative pronoun, contrary to the antecedent’s syntactic function.


medio-passivization

(grammar) The process of rendering into the mediopassive form.


adjectivalize

en-verb

adjectivalize (third-person singular simple present adjectivalizes, present participle adjectivalizing, simple past and past participle adjectivalized)

adjectivalizes (present singular third-person)
adjectivalizing (participle present)
adjectivalized (participle past)
adjectivalized (past)

(grammar, transitive) To make adjectival.


time-manner-place

Coordinate term: place-manner-time

(grammar, syntax, linguistics) A sentence structure that defines the order of adpositional phrases and adverbs in a sentence.


adpositional phrase

en-noun

adpositional phrase (plural adpositional phrases)

(grammar, linguistics) A phrase in a syntactic category that includes an adposition as head and usually a complement such as a noun phrase.


synthetic future

synthetic future (plural synthetic futures)

(grammar) In Ukrainian, the single-word future tense that can be formed from imperfective verbs.


time adverbial

Coordinate term: time frequency adverbial

(grammar) A word or phrase indicating the moment of time or duration of time in a constructed sentence.


minor sentence

(grammar) An irregular type of sentence that lacks a main clause, such as "Precisely so" or "Next Tuesday evening".


present participial

en-adj

present participial (comparative more present participial, superlative most present participial)

more present participial (comparative)
most present participial (superlative)

Coordinate term: past participial

The preſent participial termination Ende is, in modern Engliſh, always converted to ing.

1805, J[ohn] Horne Tooke, Επεα Πτεροεντα [Epea Pteroenta]. Or, The Diversions of Purley., part II, London: […] [F]or the Author, at J. Johnson’s, […], page 215:

L. uoluntās, free will. Formed, with suffix -tās, from a present participial stem *uolunt-, a variant of uolent-, from uolens, willing, from uolo, I will; infin. uelle.

1910, Walter W[illiam] Skeat, “VOLUNTARY”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, new (4th) revised and enlarged edition, Oxford, Oxon: At the Clarendon Press, page 695, column 2:

Furthermore, numerous dangling modifiers in present participial phrases dominate the textual landscape of Lundy Martin’s poetry, rendering the text’s grammar of suffering as an ongoing present of spatio-temporal, both abstract and visceral, arrangements of bodies which are marked or boxed racially and genderwise, and at the same time become entangled in a proprioceptive approximation towards negativity and non-identity.

2017, Marius Henderson, “‘Here is the trash heap, nothing there except a muted wailing’:' Dithering in Negativity and the Failure to Move On”, in Katharina Motyl, Regina Schober, editors, The Failed Individual: Amid Exclusion, Resistance, and the Pleasure of Non-Conformity, Frankfurt: Campus Verlag, →ISBN, section III (Failure as Resistance/Failure as Pleasure), page 233:

(grammar) Of or relating to the present participle.


split ergativity

(grammar) The property of languages in which some constructions use ergative syntax and morphology, but others show another pattern, usually nominative–accusative.


personal dative

en-noun

personal dative (plural personal datives)

There are certain general observations which can be made about this construction, which will be referred to here as the “personal dative,” although its exact distribution is somewhat difficult to pin down. […] Personal datives are restricted to animate referents.

1976 June, Waft Wolfram, Donna Christian, Appalachian Speech, Arlington, Va.: Center for Applied Linguistics, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 122:

Southern American English
Southern American English

(grammar) A grammatical construction emphasizing subject involvement, associated with Southern American English, consisting of a pronoun that occurs immediately after a verb and is coreferential with the subject.


spelling reformer

spelling reformer (plural spelling reformers)

(grammar, linguistics) A person or authoritative body that carries out spelling reform.


non-restrictive relative clause

non-restrictive relative clause (plural non-restrictive relative clauses)

non-restrictive relative clauses (plural)

restrictive relative clause
restrictive relative clause

(grammar) A relative clause, usually set off by a comma or commas, that provides additional information about the person or thing referred to, or about a statement that has been made, as opposed to information that is essential to specifying or identifying who or what is meant; contrasted with restrictive relative clause.


non-defining relative clause

non-defining relative clause (plural non-defining relative clauses)

non-restrictive relative clause
non-restrictive relative clause#English

(grammar) Synonym of non-restrictive relative clause.


defining relative clause

defining relative clause (plural defining relative clauses)

restrictive relative clause
restrictive relative clause#English

(grammar) Synonym of restrictive relative clause.


restrictive relative clause

restrictive relative clause (plural restrictive relative clauses)

non-restrictive relative clause
non-restrictive relative clause

(grammar) A relative clause that provides information essential to describing or identifying the person or thing that is meant, contrasted with non-restrictive relative clause.


time clause

(grammar) An adverbial clause indicating an event that will occur at a certain time.


time frequency adverbial

time frequency adverbial (plural time frequency adverbials)

Coordinate term: time adverbial

(grammar) A word or phrase indicating the definite or indefinite frequency or iteration of a moment of time in a constructed sentence.


aspectualize

en-verb

aspectualize (third-person singular simple present aspectualizes, present participle aspectualizing, simple past and past participle aspectualized)

aspectualizes (present singular third-person)
aspectualizing (participle present)
aspectualized (participle past)
aspectualized (past)

Thus while there is a tendency towards nativization and regularization of these borrowed verbs, by the creation of perfective forms that thereby assimilate the verb to the predominant native pattern of an imperfective and a matching, prefixed, perfective formation, so that we can generalize that speakers tend to aspectualize formally borrowed verbs, no 100 % true generalization can be made over all speakers nor over all borrowed verbs.

1997, Proceedings from the Main Session of the Chicago Linguistic Society, volume 33, page 206:

Start and serves purely to aspectualize the verb of the second conjunct, much as ginan 'begin' in Old English as noted by.

2002, Joan L. Bybee, Michael Noonan, Complex Sentences in Grammar and Discourse, page 152:

The same holds for aspect languages such as Gothic, Old English, Old High German, or Finnish, where case is used to aspectualize verbs (partitive vs. genitive).

2008, Werner Abraham, Elisabeth Leiss, Modality Aspect Interfaces, page 32:

(grammar) To impart a particular aspect to a verb.


place-manner-time

Coordinate term: time-manner-place


nominal state

Coordinate term: pronominal state

(grammar) In the Coptic language, the form preceding a nominal complement.


pronominal state

en-noun

pronominal state (plural pronominal states)

Coordinate term: nominal state

(grammar) In the Coptic language, the form preceding a pronominal complement.


attributive verb

attributive verb (plural attributive verbs)

attributive adjective
attributive adjective

(grammar) A verb that modifies (expresses an attribute of) a noun in the manner of an attributive adjective, rather than express an independent idea as a predicate.


governed state

(grammar) In the Akkadian language, the basic form of a noun or pronoun, including the suffix for the case, in which it is linked to a verb, indicating the relationship between the two.


double dative

(grammar) The combination of a dative of reference with a dative of purpose.


portmanteau agreement

(grammar) The situation where a single morpheme encodes features from multiple arguments.


direct-inverse marking

(grammar) An inflectional category encoding the relative animacy of the agent and the patient of a transitive verb. If the patient has higher animacy of the two, this is expressed using the inverse form of the verb; otherwise, the verb appears in direct form.


neuter voice

neuter voice (usually uncountable, plural neuter voices)

He uſes the word UNUM, in the neuter voice; which does not belong to a ſingle peſson, but to an (u) unity of perſons.

1785, George Travis, Letters to Edward Gibbon, Esq - Author of the History of the Decline, and Fall, of the Roman Empire, page 71:

These likewise terminate in ся, and without the particle they are not used. They have the meaning of verbs of either the active or neuter voice.

1882, Ardalīon Ivanov, A. Ivánoff's Russian Grammar (16th Ed.-145th Thousand), page 53:

Such verbs really have no voice, but for convenience we may say they are in the neuter voice.

1898, Missouri School Journal - Volume 15, page 150:

We have the Neuter Voice, or Passive of the Intransitive, also āchia (20/16, 20/25), jāiā (for jāiă?: 16/14), mohia (51/23); ho=bhūyate (12/29).

1953, Dāmodaranaṇḍita, Uktivyaktiprakaraṇa, page 58:

... the neuter voice, we have in verbs of adjectival nature the distinction of inchoative and static forms, such as "to be yellow (static, descriptive)" and "to become yellow (inchoative)"

1965, American Anthropological Association, et. al. (contributors), International Journal of American Linguistics - Volumes 7-8, page 124:

... the laughter, a voice without gender, without inflection, a neuter voice: "I wish I may, I wish I might.

1973, Mercury Press (publisher), The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, Volume 45, page 95:

It is the narrative voice, a neuter voice that speaks the work from that place-less place in which the work is silent.

1981, Maurice Blanchot, The gaze of Orpheus, and other literary essays, page 141:

"I am receiving a communications signal," the aerospace truck told Sinead and the XTs, using a stiff neuter voice now that Silvercup's essence had been withdrawn from it.

1994, Jack McKinney, The Black Hole Travel Agency Book 4: Hostile Takeover, page 170:

Historically reflexive verbs expressing neuter voice consists of three members - active voice - neuter voice - passive voice.

1998, Latviešu valodas institūta žurnals (publisher), Linguistica lettica, Volumes 3-4, page 162:

For instance, while the Hebrew of the Old Testament has only masculine and feminine voice, the New Testament Greek has a neuter voice as well.

2000, Mark B. Fenton, Business Education and Training - A Value-Laden Process on the Threshold of the Millennium, page 283:

Yet no sooner is the neuter voice heard than it blends listlessly into background sound, a murmur clueless about things. The neuter voice is too reticent, too timid—too unjust—to be audible.

2016, David Appelbaum, In His Voice: Maurice Blanchot's Affair with the Neuter, page 26:

(grammar, uncommon) A voice which is neither active nor passive (nor middle voice); the voice assigned to a copulative verb.


syntactic middle voice

Coordinate term: lexical middle voice

(grammar) A form of a middle voice in which the sentence construction requires an adverbial adjunct of some kind.


lexical middle voice

Coordinate term: syntactic middle voice

(grammar) An instance of the middle voice that results from a verb inherently conveying a middle voice meaning without the need for any additional grammatical markers, such as die.


past active participle

past active participle (plural past active participles)

Coordinate term: present active participle

(grammar) A participle that describes an action that has been completed in the past.


present active participle

present active participle (plural present active participles)

Coordinate term: past active participle

(grammar) A participle that expresses an action that occurs at the same moment as the action of the main verb, regardless of the of tense the main verb.


central determiner

central determiner (plural central determiners)

(grammar) A word that modifies a head noun in a middle position.


null determiner

null determiner (plural null determiners)

(grammar) A grammatical constituent that appears with certain types of nouns, such as bare plurals and mass nouns.


suppletivism

suppletivism (usually uncountable, plural suppletivisms)

(grammar, uncountable) The use of a suppletive form.


male as norm

(grammar, feminism) The principle that holds that grammatical and lexical devices such as the use of the feminine suffix -ess and the use of man to mean human, strengthen the perceptions that the male category is the norm, and that corresponding female categories are thus less important.


unstrandable

en-adj

unstrandable (comparative more unstrandable, superlative most unstrandable)

more unstrandable (comparative)
most unstrandable (superlative)

Unstrandable function words include the determiners and quantifiers that introduce nominal constituents, and the complementisers that introduce clauses.

2016, Andrew Radford, Analysing English Sentences, second edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 143:

(grammar) Not able to be left without an complement adjacent to it.


strandable

strandable (comparative more strandable, superlative most strandable)

more strandable (comparative)
most strandable (superlative)

My proposed analysis, therefore, makes an interesting prediction in these cases, namely, that the prepositions which are not strandable under regular wh-movement become strandable under sluicing.

2010, Yosuke Sato, “P-stranding under sluicing at the syntax–phonology interface”, in Minimalist Interfaces: Evidence from Indonesian and Javanese, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 85:

(grammar) Able to be left without an complement adjacent to it.