small intestine

en-noun

small intestine (plural small intestines)

From small + intestine, perhaps a partial calque of Middle English smaltharm, smaleþarm, from Old English smælþearme (“lower gut, small intestine”, literally “small tharm”).

der

(anatomy) The upper part of the intestine, between the stomach and the large intestine, divided into the duodenum, the jejunum and the ileum.


naevus

naevi (plural)
nævus (alternative)
nevus (alternative)

(anatomy) A pigmented, raised or otherwise abnormal area on the skin, whether congenital or acquired.


naevus flammeus

(anatomy) A vascular birthmark or naevus, usually on the head and neck, consisting of an overgrowth of capillaries which produce a reddish to purplish discoloration of the skin.


prostate gland

(anatomy) A gland in male mammals surrounding the urethra just below the urinary bladder that controls the release of urine from the bladder and produces a secretion that is the fluid part of semen.

předstojná žláza

gland in male mammals surrounding the urethra — see also prostate

urogenital sinus - embryological precursor


sinus

Learned borrowing from Latin sinus (“a bent surface, curve, hollow”). Doublet of sine.

lbor

(anatomy, zootomy) A pouch or cavity in a bone or other tissue, especially one in the bones of the face or skull connecting with the nasal cavities (the paranasal sinus).

sinus

(anatomy) An irregular venous or lymphatic cavity, reservoir, or dilated vessel.

(physiology, attributive) Relating to or denoting the sinoatrial node of the heart or its function of regulating the heartbeat.


STN

en-noun

STN (countable and uncountable, plural STNs)

(neuroanatomy) Initialism of subthalamic nucleus.


sebaceous gland

sebaceous gland (plural sebaceous glands)

(anatomy) A gland of the skin which secretes an oily substance, sebum, usually into a hair follicle near the surface of the skin.


uvea

From Medieval Latin, from Latin uva (“grape”), partial loan translation of Greek ῥαγοειδής χιτών (rhagoeidḗs khitṓn, “[covering] like a grape”), from ῥάξ (rháx, “grape”) .

(anatomy) The middle of the three concentric layers that make up the eye; it is pigmented and vascular, and comprises the choroid, the ciliary body, and the iris.

střední vrstva oční koule

the middle of the three concenctric layers that make up the eye


vascular

LL-Q1860 (eng)-عُثمان (Middle river exports)-vascular.wav

From New Latin vasculāris, from Latin vasculum, diminutive of vas (“vessel”).

Reindeer are well suited to the taiga’s frigid winters. They can maintain a thermogradient between body core and the environment of up to 100 degrees, in part because of insulation provided by their fur, and in part because of counter-current vascular heat exchange systems in their legs and nasal passages.

2013 March 7, Nancy Langston, “Mining the Boreal North”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 2, archived from the original on 2016-04-13, page 98:

(anatomy) Relating to the flow of fluids, such as blood, lymph, or sap, through the body of an animal or plant, or to the vessels that carry such fluids


tonsil

Late 16th century borrowing from French tonsille or Latin tonsillae (“the tonsils in the throat”, plural).

bor

(anatomy, immunology) Ellipsis of palatine tonsil.

(anatomy, immunology) Any of various small masses of lymphoid tissues.


sympathetic

en-adj

sympathetic (comparative more sympathetic, superlative most sympathetic)

more sympathetic (comparative)
most sympathetic (superlative)
sympathetick (alternative obsolete)
sympathetical (alternative)

Mid 17th century in the sense “relating to an affinity or paranormal influence”, from Latin sympathēticus. By surface analysis, sympathy + -etic (“pertaining to”); compare pathetic. Displaced native Old English efnþrōwiende.

съчувствен

of, related to, showing, or characterized by sympathy

симпатичен

of a person: attracting the liking of others

Sympathetic innervation involves epinephrine.

It was suggested that adrenaline might act at the junction of sympathetic nerves and the effector organs, and that adrenaline might be released at sympathetic nerve endings.

1967, Leslie L. Iversen, The Uptake and Storage of Noradrenaline in Sympathetic Nerves, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 23:

autonomic nervous system
autonomic nervous system

(neuroanatomy, neurology, relational) Relating to or denoting the part of the autonomic nervous system consisting of nerves arising from ganglia near the middle part of the spinal cord, supplying the internal organs, blood vessels, and glands, and balancing the action of the parasympathetic nerves.

交感的

relating to part of the autonomic nervous system


sympathetic

sympathetics (plural)
sympathetick (alternative obsolete)
sympathetical (alternative)


shoulders

(anatomy) The two shoulders and the upper portion of the back.


cochlea

Borrowed from Latin cochlea (“a snail”), from Ancient Greek κόχλιας (kókhlias, “a snail with a spiral shell”).

der

(anatomy) The complex, spirally coiled, tapered cavity of the inner ear of higher vertebrates, which contains the organ of Corti and in which sound vibrations are converted into nerve impulses.


pulmonary

Borrowed from Latin pulmōnārius (“of the lungs”), from pulmō (“lung”) + -ārius, from Proto-Indo-European *pléu-mon-. Cognate with Greek πλεμόνι (plemóni), French poumon, Lithuanian plauciai, Polish płuco and Russian пла́вать (plávatʹ, “to swim”).

(anatomy) Pertaining to, having, or affecting the lungs.


tubercle

tubercles (plural)
tubercule (alternative)
tuberculum (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-tubercle.wav

the iliac tubercles

(anatomy) A round nodule, small eminence, or warty outgrowth, especially those found on bones for the attachment of a muscle or ligament or small elevations on the surface of a tooth.


vermiform appendix

en-noun

vermiform appendix (plural vermiform appendices or vermiform appendixes)

vermiform appendices (plural)
vermiform appendixes (plural)

(anatomy) An organ consisting of a blind tube projecting from the caecum. Of disputed function (if any), it is known for sometimes causing inflammation (appendicitis) in humans.

རྒྱུ་ལྷག (rgyu lhag, literally “leftover intestine”)


coeliac

From Latin coeliacus, from Ancient Greek κοιλιακός (koiliakós), from κοιλία (koilía, “belly”). By surface analysis, coel- + -i- + -ac. Cognate with coelom.

celiac (alternative)
cœliac (alternative)

Next remove the middle portion of the lesser omentum, and feel for the coeliac axis.

1838, William James Erasmus Wilson, Practical and Surgical Anatomy, page 350:

The coeliac plexus is formed by the two interconnecting coeliac ganglia which lie either side of the coeliac artery.

2002, Colin Pinnock, Ted Lin, Tim Smith, Fundamentals of Anaesthesia, page 218:

The coeliac ganglia lie on each side of the coeliac trunk.

2010, Robert H. Whitaker, Neil R. Borley, Instant Anatomy, page 85:

(anatomy) Relating to the abdomen, or to the cavity of the abdomen.


gomphosis

From Ancient Greek γόμφος (gómphos, “peg”) + -osis.

(anatomy) A type of fibrous, immovable joint such as the one between the teeth and the alveolar bone.


peritoneum

peritoneum (plural peritoneums or peritonea)

peritoneums (plural)
peritonea (plural)
peritonaeum (alternative)
peritonæum (alternative dated)

From Latin peritonaeum, from Ancient Greek περιτόναιον (peritónaion), from περιτόναιος (peritónaios, “stretched or strained over”).

(anatomy) In mammals, the serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and that is folded over the viscera.


incisor

Borrowing from New Latin incīsor, from incīdō (“to cut into, cut through”) + -tor (“-er, -or”, agent noun suffix).

af

(anatomy, zootomy) A narrow-edged tooth at the front of the mouth of mammals, between the canines and adapted for cutting; in humans there are four in each jaw.


vena cava

en-noun

vena cava (plural venae cavae or vena cavas)

venae cavae (plural)
vena cavas (plural)

(anatomy) Either of the two large veins that take oxygen depleted blood, from the upper body and from the lower body, and return it to the right atrium of the heart.

holle ader

large vein that returns blood into right atrium


superior vena cava

superior vena cava (plural superior venae cavae or superior vena cavas)

superior venae cavae (plural)
superior vena cavas (plural)

(anatomy) The large vein which returns blood from the head, neck, thorax and both upper limbs to the right atrium of the heart.


inferior vena cava

inferior vena cava (plural inferior venae cavae)

(anatomy) The large vein which returns blood from the lower extremities, and the pelvic and abdominal organs, to the right atrium of the heart.


jugular vein

(anatomy) Any of several veins on each side of the neck, which drain the brain, face and neck of deoxygenated blood.


sphincter

sphincter (plural sphincters or sphincteres)

sphincters (plural)
sphincteres (plural)

Etymology tree
Late Latin sphinctērlbor.
English sphincter
Learned borrowing from Late Latin sphinctēr (“the muscle of the anus”), from Ancient Greek σφῐγκτήρ (sphĭnktḗr, “lace, band; contractile muscle”), ultimately of Pre-Greek origin. Possibly related to sphinx (“the strangler”).

der

the sphincter of the bladder

the iris sphincter in the eye

She decided that she would force him to climax first by the sheer strength of her young animal control, the strength of her sphincters […]

1982, Lawrence Durrell, Constance (The Avignon Quintet), Faber & Faber, page 836:

(anatomy) A ringlike band of muscle that surrounds a bodily opening (such as the anus or the openings of the stomach), constricting and relaxing as required for normal physiological functioning.


thyroid

Borrowed from New Latin thyreoīdēs, from Ancient Greek θῠρεοειδής (thŭreoeidḗs, “shield-shaped”), from θῠρεός (thŭreós, “oblong shield”) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-form, -like”).

af

(anatomy) Of, relating to, or being the thyroid cartilage.

(anatomy) Of, relating to, or being the thyroid gland.

a thyroid personality

Suggestive of a disordered thyroid gland.


thyroid

thyroids (plural)
thyreoid (alternative)

thyroid cartilage
thyroid cartilage#English

(anatomy) Ellipsis of thyroid cartilage.

Israel is one of the few countries that widely fluoridates, besides the United States, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand and Australia. Fluoridation, the addition of fluoride to public drinking water supplies to reduce cavities, is the subject of intense controversy, especially outside of the United States. But opposition to the practice, on the grounds that fluoride has adverse effects on the thyroid, brain and bones, and is an unethical form of mass-medication, appears to be growing.

2013 August 9, Douglas Main, “Israel Outlaws Water Fluoridation”, in Live Science, retrieved 2013-09-30:

(medicine) An extract prepared from the thyroid gland of animals and used in treating deficiency of thyroid hormones.


thyroid gland

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-thyroid gland.wav

From New Latin glandula thyreoidea, coined by Thomas Wharton in 1656.

(anatomy) A large butterfly-shaped endocrine gland situated on the front of the neck that produces various hormones.


endocrine gland

en-noun

endocrine gland (plural endocrine glands)

An endocrine gland is one that secretes its products directly into the bloodstream.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 166:

(anatomy) Any of various glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood or lymph and not through a duct.

glàndula endocrina

any of various glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood or lymph and not through a duct


exocrine gland

(anatomy) Any of various glands which secrete via a duct, typically into the digestive tract or onto the skin.


adrenal gland

(anatomy) In mammals, either of a pair of complex endocrine glands, situated above each kidney, secreting hormones which control the heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolism.

غُدَّة كَظَرِيَّة

endocrine gland situated above the kidney

adrenal körtel

only ever used within the medical profession, never to patients


parathyroid

(anatomy) Situated near the thyroid gland.

(anatomy) Pertaining to the parathyroid glands or their extracts.

paratiroïdal

pertaining to the parathyroid glands or their extracts


parathyroid gland

parathyroid gland (plural parathyroid glands)

(anatomy) Any one of four endocrine glands situated in the neck, usually within a thyroid gland, which produce parathyroid hormone.

qalxanabənzər ətraf vəziləri

any one of four endocrine glands situated in the neck


pineal gland

From pineal + gland, from its pine-cone shape.

(anatomy, neuroanatomy) A small, pinecone-shaped endocrine gland found near the centre of the brain that produces melatonin.


conjunctiva

conjunctiva (plural conjunctivas or conjunctivae)

conjunctivas (plural)
conjunctivae (plural)

From 1540s late Middle English, borrowing from Medieval Latin conjūnctīva (“serving to connect, connective”, feminine), ellipsis of membrāna conjūnctīva (“conjunctive membrane”).

ellipsis

There is a third inner eyelid, highly developed and of beautiful mechanism: this is the nictitating membrane, or "winker" (nictito, I wink), a delicate, elastic, translucent, pearly-white fold of the conjunctiva. While the other lids move vertically and have a horizontal commissure, the winker sweeps horizontally or obliquely across the ball, from the side next the beak to the opposite.

1884, Elliott Coues, “§ 4.—An Introduction to the Anatomy of Birds.”, in Key to North American Birds. […], 2nd edition, Boston, Mass.: Estes and Lauriat, →OCLC, part II (General Ornithology), page 180:

(anatomy) A clear mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelid and the exposed surface of the eyeball or sclera.


mucous membrane

en-noun

mucous membrane (plural mucous membranes)

(anatomy) A membrane which secretes mucus. It forms the lining of various body passages that communicate with the air, such as the respiratory, genitourinary, and alimentary tracts including the mouth, nasal passages, vagina, and urethra.


serous membrane

serous membrane (plural serous membranes)

(anatomy) A thin membrane that secretes serum and lines certain internal body cavities.

漿膜 /浆膜

thin membrane that secretes serum in body cavity


pericardium

pericardium (plural pericardia or pericardiums)

pericardia (plural)
pericardiums (plural)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek περικάρδιον (perikárdion).

lbor

The Pericardium is sometimes swelled, as overcharged with too great a quantity of Serous Liquor, making a kind of Dropsie […]

1685, Samuel Collins, “Of the Diseases of the Pericardium, and their Cures”, in The Second Volume, containing The Parts of the Middle and Highest Apartiment of Man's Body (And other Animals):

(anatomy, cardiology) A serous membrane that surrounds the heart allowing it to contract.


endocardium

en-noun

endocardium (plural endocardiums or endocardia)

endocardiums (plural)
endocardia (plural)

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(anatomy, cardiology) A thin serous membrane that lines the interior of the heart.


AV

AV block

AV node

(anatomy, medicine) Initialism of atrioventricular.

AV anastomosis

AV fistula

(anatomy, medicine) Initialism of arteriovenous.


lymphatic

en-adj

lymphatic (comparative more lymphatic, superlative most lymphatic)

more lymphatic (comparative)
most lymphatic (superlative)

(anatomy) Pertaining to lymph or the lymphatic system.


lymphatic

(anatomy) A vessel that transports lymph.


lymphatic system

en-noun

lymphatic system (plural lymphatic systems)

(anatomy) In mammals, including humans, a network of lymph vessels and lymph nodes that transport fluid, fats, proteins, and lymphocytes to the bloodstream as lymph, and remove microorganisms and other debris from tissues.

جِهَاز لِمْفَاوِيّ

network of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes


lymph node

lymph nodes (plural)
lymphnode (alternative)
lymphonode (alternative)

(anatomy, immunology) Each of the small oval bodies of the lymphatic system, distributed along the lymphatic vessels, that are clustered in the armpits, groin, neck, chest and abdomen. They act as filters, with an internal honeycomb of connective tissue filled with lymphocytes and macrophages that collect and destroy bacteria, viruses and foreign matter from lymph. When the body is fighting an infection, these lymphocytes multiply rapidly and produce a characteristic swelling of the lymph nodes.

عُقْدَة لِمْفَاوِيَّة

filtrating oval bodies of the lymphatic system


eye socket

eye sockets (plural)
eye-socket (alternative)
eyesocket (alternative)

(anatomy, ophthalmology) The bony cavity which contains the eyeball and its associated muscles, vessels, and nerves. In humans, seven bones make up each bony orbit.


pinna

From Latin pinna (“dorsal fin; wing, feather”). Doublet of pen, penna, and panne.

der

Meronyms: antihelix, antitragus, concha, helix, tragus

(anatomy, zoology) The visible part of the ear in most therians that resides outside of the head, the auricle; outer ear excluding the ear canal.


ansa

Borrowed from Latin ānsa (“a handle, haft”).


Fallopian tube

Fallopian tubes (plural)
fallopian tube (alternative)

Early 18th century, from Fallopius (“Latinized form of the name of Gabriele Falloppio (1523 – October 9, 1562), the Italian anatomist and physician who first described them”) + -an + tube.

suf

(anatomy) Either of the two ducts through which ova pass from the ovaries to the uterus.

Müllerian duct - embryological precursor


oviduct

Borrowed from New Latin ōviductus. By surface analysis, ovi- + -duct.

(anatomy, typically used in zoology) A duct through which an ovum passes from an ovary to the uterus or to the exterior.


paries

Borrowed from Latin pariēs (“wall of a house or room”). Compare French paroi (“wall”), Italian parete (“wall”), Portuguese parede (“wall”) Spanish pared (“wall”) and Romanian perete (“wall”).

bor

(anatomy, botany) The wall of any cavity or organ.


philtrum

philtra (plural)
philtrums (plural)
filtrum (alternative)

Borrowed from the Latin philtrum (“a love potion”), from Ancient Greek φῐ́λτρον (phĭ́ltron, “a love charm; the dimple in the upper lip”). Doublet of philter.

Oral intercommissural distance (mouth width) and philtrum length are useful measurements for diagnosis of wide or large mouth (macrostomia), small mouth (microstomia), long philtrum and short philtrum and form ‘good handles’ in syndromic delineation.

2005, M. L. Kulkarni, Physical Examination of Children (Clinical Methods in Paediatrics; 2B), India: Jaypee Brothers, page 142:

Upper lip reconstruction is more difficult than lower lip reconstruction because the upper lip has a central structure, the philtrum.[…]Wounds adjacent to the philtrum that are closed primarily may shift the philtrum to the affected side. However, with time, the philtrum will tend to return to its midline position.

2007, Loren J. Borud, Arin K. Greene, “Chapter 24: Lip Reconstruction”, in Josef E. Fischer, Kirby I. Bland, Mark P. Callery, editors, Mastery of Surgery, 5th edition, volume 1, page 301, column 3:

If the philtrum is long and deep, then these people are very romantic, sexual, lively and friendly.

2011, Hrishikesh Dubey, Mysteries of Vedic Face Reading, Categorization of the Philtrum According to Its Length:

(anatomy) The shallow vertical groove running from the nasal septum to the center of the upper lip.


proboscis

en-noun

proboscis (plural proboscises or proboscides or probosces)

proboscises (plural)
proboscides (plural)
probosces (plural)

From Latin proboscis, from Ancient Greek προβοσκίς (proboskís, “elephant's trunk”) literally "means for taking food," from προ- (pro-, “before”) + βόσκω (bóskō, “to nourish, feed”), from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷeh₃- from which also comes βοτάνη (botánē, “grass, fodder”).

affix

Unlike the proboscides of Lower brachyceran lineages, which are continuous with the head capsule and tend to dangle (Matsuda 1965), the proboscides of most cyclorrhaphan species are suspended by a membranous region and divided into three functional parts: the basiproboscis (rostrum), medioproboscis (haustellum), and distiproboscis (labellum), each of which is defined by internal muscles but also shares muscles with the other regions (Graham-Smith 1930; Lall and Davies 1971).

2012, Brian Wiegmann, The Evolutionary Biology of Flies, page 225:

(anatomy) An elongated tube from the head or connected to the mouth, of an animal.

(entomology, malacology) The tubular feeding and sucking organ of certain invertebrates like insects, worms and molluscs.

Don Caldwell, editor-in-chief of the site Know Your Meme, namechecks Brr Brr Patapim, “a proboscis monkey that is also a tree”, as one who made it to YouTube.

2025 June 25, Elle Hunt, “From Chimpanzini Bananini to Ballerina Cappuccina: how gen alpha went wild for Italian brain rot animals”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:


plexus

en-noun

plexus (plural plexuses or plexus or plexi)

plexuses (plural)
plexus (plural)
plexi (plural)

Borrowed from Latin plexus (“a twining, plaiting, braid”).

bor

I have the sensation of being immersed in the very plexus of life, focal from whatever place, position or attitude I take my stance.

1934, Henry Miller, Tropic of Cancer, Grove Press, published 1961:

(anatomy) A network of anastomosing or interwoven nerves, blood vessels, or lymphatic vessels.


solar plexus

en-noun

solar plexus (plural solar plexus or solar plexuses)

solar plexus (plural)
solar plexuses (plural)

(anatomy) A complex network of nerves and ganglia, located within the abdomen behind the stomach.

слънчево сплетение

a complex network of nerves and ganglia, located within the abdomen behind the stomach


cerebrum

Inherited from Middle English cerebrum, from Latin cerebrum (“a brain; a skull”); see there for more.

(neuroanatomy) The principal and most anterior part of the brain in vertebrates, which is located in the front area of the skull and divided into two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure. In humans it is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for the integration of complex sensory functions and the initiation and coordination of voluntary activity, and the higher mental functions such as consciousness, thought, reason, emotion, and memory.


neural network

(anatomy) Any network of neurons etc., that function together to achieve a common purpose.


spinal cord

central nervous system
central nervous system

(anatomy) A thick, whitish cord of nerve tissue which is a major part of the vertebrate central nervous system. It extends from the brain stem down through the spine, with nerves branching off to various parts of the body.

龍骨髓 /龙骨髓

lêng-kut-chhóe, lêng-kut-chhé, liông-kut-chhóe, liông-kut-chhé


spinal

Borrowed from Late Latin spīnālis (“of or belonging to the spine”), from spīna (“a prickle, spine”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix). By surface analysis, spine + -al.

af

(anatomy, zootomy) Of or relating to the spine.

Of or relating to the spine.
Of or pertaining to the spinal cord.

(zoology) (of a frog or other experimental animal) Having a pithed brain, but an intact surgically isolated spinal cord.


central nervous system

en-noun

central nervous system (plural central nervous systems)

(neuroanatomy) In vertebrates, that part of the nervous system comprising the brain, brain stem and spinal cord.

কেন্দ্রীয় স্নায়ুতন্ত্র

that part of the nervous system comprising the brain, brainstem and spinal cord


chorion

From Late Latin chorion, from Ancient Greek χόριον (khórion, “membrane surrounding the fetus, afterbirth”).

der

2002, Rovert E. A. Stewart, Barbara E. Stewart, Female Reproductive Systems, entry in Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals, page 425,
The allantois fuses with the chorion, forming a small round area, the allentochorion. This region becomes the placenta (Fig. 3).

In this illustration, some license is taken, since the amnion is shown as still separate from the chorion; this is done to illustrate the process of apposition of the amniotic sac to the chorion and to accentuate the interposition of the yolk sac between the amnion and the chorion.

2006, Ona Marie Faye-Petersen, Debra S. Heller, Vijay V. Joshi, Handbook Of Placental Pathology, page 4:

The amnion and chorion begin to develop soon after fertilization and continue to grow until about 28 weeks′ gestation.

2007, Susan Tucker Blackburn, Maternal, Fetal, & Neonatal Physiology: A Clinical Perspective, page 106:

(anatomy, biology) The protective and nutritive membrane in higher vertebrates that attaches the fetus to the uterus.

suonikalvo

one of the membranes surrounding a fetus


autonomic

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(neuroanatomy, neurology) Pertaining to the autonomic nervous system.

autonomiczny

pertaining to the autonomic nervous system


autonomic nervous system

en-noun

autonomic nervous system (plural autonomic nervous systems)

(neuroanatomy) In humans and other vertebrates, the part of the nervous system that regulates the involuntary activity of the heart, intestines and glands. These activities include digestion, respiration, perspiration, metabolism, and the modulation of blood pressure.


peripheral nervous system

peripheral nervous system (plural peripheral nervous systems)

(neuroanatomy) The part of the nervous system which is not the central nervous system.


Adam's apple

Calque of Latin pomum Adami, which is found in the botanical sense from 1560 and the anatomical sense from 1600. According to the earliest sources, the anatomical usage derives from a common belief that Adam was punished by God for the fall of man by having a piece of the forbidden fruit lodged in his throat (see 1662 citation).

That same bunch which is seen on the foreside of the Neck, is called Adams Apple, because the common people have a beliefe, that by the judgement of God, a part of that fatal Apple, abode sticking in Adams Throat, and is so communicated to his posterity

1662 [1651], Nicholas Culpeper, Abdiah Cole, transl., Bartholinus Anatomy, London: Peter Cole, translation of Protuberantia illa in collo anterius conspicua, dicitur Pomum Adami; [quia vulgo persuasum in Adami faucibus pomi fatalis partem ex pœna Divina remansisse, & ad posteros translatam] by Thomas Bartholin, page 123:

He was seated some way down a table at right angles to the one at which I sat, a man of mean appearance with a greyish complexion, thin, with a square nose, a heavy wiry moustache and a big Adam's apple sticking out between the wings of his collar.

1911, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, The New Machiavelli, London: John Lane; The Bodley Head […], →OCLC:

The thickness of his wrist and the greatness of his fingers made authentic the mighty frame of him hidden under loose dungaree pants and cotton shirt, buttonless, open from midriff to Adam’s apple, exposing a chest matted with a thatch of hair as white as that of his head and face.

1919 September, Jack London, “The Bones of Kahelili”, in On the Makaloa Mat, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, pages 42–43:

A barber shop and pool room. A man in shirt sleeves, presumably Del Snafflin the proprietor, shaving a man who had a large Adam's apple.

1920, Sinclair Lewis, Main Street: The Story of Carol Kennicott, New York, N.Y.: Harcourt, Brace and Howe, →OCLC:

laryngeal prominence
laryngeal prominence

(anatomy) The lump in the throat, usually more noticeable in men than in women; the laryngeal prominence.


meninx

Borrowed from New Latin mēninx, from Ancient Greek μῆνῐγξ (mênĭnx, “membrane of the eye; membrane enclosing the brain; eardrum”).

bor

Meronyms: arachnoid mater, dura mater, pia mater

(anatomy, usually in the plural) A membrane, especially one of the three membranes lining the skull and vertebral canal and enclosing the brain and spinal cord in vertebrates.


LV

en-noun

LV (countable and uncountable, plural LVs)

LVs (plural)
L.V. (alternative)
L. V. (alternative)

(anatomy, medicine) Initialism of left ventricle.


musculus

Unadapted borrowing from Latin mūsculus (“a little mouse; a muscle”), diminutive of mūs (“a mouse”).


nare

There is a Machiavelian plot, / Tho' ev'ry nare olfact it not;

1663, Samuel Butler, Hudibras, part 1, canto 1:


respiratory tract

en-noun

respiratory tract (plural respiratory tracts)

respiratory bronchiole
respiratory bronchiole

(anatomy) The passages, divided into an upper and a lower part, through which air enters and leaves the body, including the mouth, nose and nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and conducting bronchioles, sometimes further including the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli.


alveolus

Borrowed from Latin alveolus (“a small hollow or cavity”), diminutive of alveus (“a hollow, cavity”).

bor

(anatomy) Any of the many tiny air sacs in the lungs in which the bronchioles terminate and where oxygen and carbon dioxide are rapidly exchanged with the pulmonary capillaries.

(anatomy, dentistry) The bony socket in which the root of a tooth resides.

The sprouts proliferate and canalize to form the lactiferous ducts and the outbuddings form the alveoli of the mammary glands.

1997, Comprehensive Toxicology: Reproductive and endocrine toxicology, page 258:

(anatomy) An acinus (saclike cavity) in a gland.

A small cavity or pit.
An acinus (saclike cavity) in a gland.


filum

From Latin fīlum (“thread”). Doublet of file.

(anatomy) a filamentous anatomical structure


sclera

en-noun

sclera (plural scleras or sclerae or scleræ)

scleras (plural)
sclerae (plural)
scleræ (plural)

Borrowed from New Latin sclera, from Ancient Greek σκληρός (sklērós, “hard”).

She'd been back a week and it was clear that college-level track was kicking her ass, the sclera in her normally wide manga-eyes were shot through with blood vessels.

2007, Junot Diaz, The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao:

Such pressures explain why humans are peculiar in having our rather small irises set against a white background—the sclera—in our eyes. Anyone watching us can infer where we are looking or whom we are looking at.

2016, Joseph Henrich, chapter 13, in The Secret of Our Success […] , Princeton: Princeton University Press, →ISBN:

(anatomy) The white of the eye; the tough outer coat of the eye that covers the eyeball except for the cornea.


vagus

Borrowing from Latin vagus (“wandering, rambling, strolling”).


vagus nerve

vagus nerves (plural)
vagus (alternative)

Partial translation of New Latin nervus vagus (“wandering nerve”).

der

(neuroanatomy) Either of the tenth pair of cranial nerves which extend from the medulla oblongata down into the abdomen. Branches of these important nerves supply the tongue, larynx, lungs, gut, and heart.


cranial nerve

(neuroanatomy) Any of the twelve paired nerves that originate from the brainstem or base of the brain instead of the spinal cord.


cerebellum

en-noun

cerebellum (plural cerebellums or cerebella)

Learned borrowing from Latin cerebellum, diminutive of cerebrum.

Although the cerebellum occupies just 10 per cent of the cranial cavity, it has more than half the brain’s neurons.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan, page 61:

(neuroanatomy) Part of the hindbrain in vertebrates. In humans it lies between the brainstem and the back of the cerebrum and is formed of two lateral lobes and a median lobe. It plays an important role in sensory perception, motor output, balance and posture.


sensory

sensory neurons

(neuroanatomy) Conveying nerve impulses from the sense organs to the nerve centers.


menton

From French menton (“chin”). Doublet of mentum.

mandibular symphysis
mandibular symphysis

(anatomy) The lowest point of the chin / mandibular symphysis.


testudo

testudo (plural testudos or testudoes or testudines)

testudos (plural)
testudoes (plural)
testudines (plural)

Unadapted borrowing from Latin testūdō (“tortoise, turtle, lyre, type of military shelter”).


airway

The burners on gas stoves release pollutants including nitrogen dioxide, a key element in smog that can irritate airways and may contribute to the development of asthma, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

2024 May 23, Michael Copley, “A lawsuit accuses a gas stove manufacturer of failing to warn consumers about pollution risks”, in NPR:

David Williams, a scientist who evaluates antivenoms for WHO, says the biggest risk to people who are bitten by these snakes is paralysis, "which can prevent them from being able to control their airway and breathing and they can potentially suffocate and die as a result of that."

2025 May 2, Ari Daniel, “He let snakes bite him some 200 times to create a better snakebite antivenom”, in NPR:


quadriceps

en-noun

quadriceps (plural quadricepses or quadriceps)

quadricepses (plural)
quadriceps (plural)

Borrowed from Latin quadriceps, literally “four-headed”, from quadri- + -ceps, from quattuor (“four”) and from caput (“head”).

(anatomy) A muscle having four heads, especially the large extensor at the front of the thigh.

четириглав мускул

a muscle having four heads, especially the large extensor at the front of the thigh.


extensor

Starting at the point of shoulder, use muscle squeezings, picking-ups, kneadings and gentle frictions, interspersed with effleurages, over the triceps muscle as well as the fleshy part of the flexor and extensor muscle groups.

2004, Jean-Pierre Hourdebaigt, Canine Massage: A Complete Reference Manual:

(anatomy) A muscle whose contraction extends or straightens a limb or body part.


vocal cord

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(anatomy, usually in the plural) Either of two pairs of folds of mucous membrane stretched horizontally across the human larynx whose vibrations help to produce the voice.


biceps brachii

biceps brachii (plural biceps brachiorum or biceps brachii)

biceps brachiorum (plural)
biceps brachii (plural)

Ellipsis of musculus biceps brachii (“two-headed muscle of the arm”).


socket

From Middle English socket, soket, from Anglo-Norman soket (“spearhead”), diminutive of Old French soc (“plowshare”), from Vulgar Latin *soccus, a word borrowed from Gaulish, from Proto-Celtic *sukkos (compare modern Welsh swch (“plowshare”)), literally "pig's snout", from Proto-Indo-European *suH-.

套接字

computing interprocess communication channel

(anatomy) A hollow into a bone which a part fits, such as an eye, or another bone, in the case of a joint.

རུས་མིག (rus mig, literally “bone hole/eye”)


thalamus

From Latin thalamus, from Ancient Greek θάλαμος (thálamos, “an inner chamber, a bedroom, a bed”).

der

(neuroanatomy) Either of two large, ovoid structures of grey matter within the forebrain that relay sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex.


cortex

en-noun

cortex (countable and uncountable, plural cortexes or cortices)

(countable, anatomy) The outer layer of an internal organ or body structure, such as the kidney or the brain.


annulus

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin ānnulus, a misspelling of Latin ānulus (“ring, especially one worn on a finger”), from ānus (“ring”) (from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₂no- (“ring”)) + -ulus (diminutive suffix).
The plural form annuli is a learned borrowing from Medieval Latin ānnulī.

lbor

annulus fibrosus cordis
annulus fibrosus cordis

(anatomy) A ring of fibrous tissue; specifically (cardiology), such a ring around an opening of a heart valve, to which the valve leaflets and muscle fibres of the atria and ventricles are attached; an annulus fibrosus cordis.

rengas

ring of fibrous tissue; specifically, such a ring around an opening of a heart valve


cerebral cortex

en-noun

cerebral cortex (plural cerebral cortices or cerebral cortexes)

cerebral cortices (plural)
cerebral cortexes (plural)

Similar studies of rats have employed four different intracranial resorbable, slow sustained release systems— […]. Such a slow-release device containing angiogenic factors could be placed on the pia mater covering the cerebral cortex and tested in persons with senile dementia in long term studies.

2013 May-June, Charles T. Ambrose, “Alzheimer’s Disease”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 200:

(neuroanatomy) The grey, folded, outermost layer of the cerebrum that is responsible for higher brain processes such as sensation, voluntary muscle movement, thought, reasoning, and memory.


venule

(anatomy, botany) A small vein, especially one that connects capillaries to a larger vein.

веничка

a small vein, especially one that connects capillaries to a larger vein


synovia

synovia (usually uncountable, plural synovias)

the immunoglobulins of synovias from normal and arthritic horses and foals


synovial membrane

synovial membrane (plural synovial membranes)

synovial membranes (plural)
synovium (alternative)

(anatomy) A thin membrane that lines the ligamentous surfaces of joint capsules, tendon sheaths where free movement is necessary, and bursae; it is composed of dense connective tissue and secretes synovial fluid.


immune system

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-immune system.wav

(anatomy, immunology) The system that differentiates self from non-self and protects the body from foreign substances and pathogenic organisms by producing an immune response. It includes organs such as the thymus, the spleen and lymph nodes; tissue such as bone marrow, and lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils; cells such as lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and cell products such as antibodies.

իմունային համակարգ

system that protects the body from foreign material and organisms


meso-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-meso-.wav

From Ancient Greek μέσος (mésos, “middle”). Doublet of mid- and medio-.

mesoappendix

mesoduodenum

mesogastrium

mesoanterior

mesomedial

meson

(anatomy) Mesial in location, position, or direction: towards the midline of the body.


electric organ

(anatomy) An effector organ found in some fish (especially electric eels and electric catfish), that can produce a voltage large enough to aid in predation.


electrocyte

(anatomy) A modified striated muscle cell that does not contract, but produces electric signals; the component of the electric organ in some fish.


planta

Borrowed from Latin planta (“sole of the foot”). Doublet of clan and plant.


sublime

en-adj

sublime (comparative sublimer, superlative sublimest)

sublimer (comparative)
sublimest (superlative)

The adjective is derived from Middle French sublime (“admirable, excellent, perfect; placed in a high position; reaching a great height; of a person: of high office or rank”) (modern French sublime), and from its etymon Latin sublīmis, sublīmus (“elevated, raised; exalted, uplifted, sublime”, adjective): see etymology 1.
The noun is derived from Middle French sublime (“elevated style in writing; quality in art or nature inspiring awe, reverence, etc.”) (modern French sublime), from the adjective: see further above.
Cognates
* Catalan sublim
* Italian sublime
* Portuguese sublime
* Spanish sublime

վեհ

of a person: dignified, majestic, noble — see also dignified, majestic, noble

(anatomy) Of a muscle (especially the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle of the forearm which lies above the flexor digitorum profundus muscle): positioned above another muscle; superficial.

flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor digitorum superficialis

flexor digitorum profundus
flexor digitorum profundus


patellar ligament

en-noun

patellar ligament (plural patellar ligaments)

(anatomy) a ligament joining the patella to the tibia


tela

Learned borrowing from Latin tēla (“web”). Doublet of toile.

lbor

(anatomy) A thin, web-like structure or membrane.


culminate

First attested in 1846; borrowed from Medieval Latin culminātus, see Etymology 1 and -ate (adjective-forming suffix).


emissary

From French émissaire, from Latin emissarius (“agent, scout, spy”).

مَبْعُوث

an agent sent on a mission to represent the interests of someone else

(anatomy) A venous channel in the skull.


plectrum

plectrums (plural)
plectra (plural)
plectron (alternative)

Borrowed from Latin plēctrum, from Ancient Greek πλῆκτρον (plêktron, “anything to strike with, an instrument for striking the lyre, a spear point”), from πλήσσειν (plḗssein, “to strike, to smite, to sting”).

uder

(anatomy, zoology) A projection of bone or other stiff tissue, such as the ridges in some insects' stridulatory organs.


sex organ

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(anatomy) An organ responsible for sexual reproduction or sexual stimulation.

عُضْو جِنْسِيّ

organ used in sexual reproduction — see also genitalia


PFC

en-noun

PFC (countable and uncountable, plural PFCs)

Another recent study found that in a delayed recognition working memory task, after affecting the functional connectivity between the PFC and the parahippocampal place area with a task designed to produce interference, older adults were unable to regain connectivity to preinterference levels, unlike younger adults who could.

2016, Pierre Jolicoeur, Christine Lefebvre, Julio Martinez-Trujillo, Mechanisms of Sensory Working Memory (page 128)

To quote George W. Bush, within the frontal cortex, it's the PFC that is “the decider.”

2017, Robert Sapolsky, chapter 2, in Behave, Penguin, →ISBN:

prefrontal cortex
prefrontal cortex#English

(neuroanatomy) Initialism of prefrontal cortex.


pronate

en-verb

pronate (third-person singular simple present pronates, present participle pronating, simple past and past participle pronated)

pronates (present singular third-person)
pronating (participle present)
pronated (participle past)
pronated (past)

supinate

antonym(s) of “to rotate the forearm in a particular direction”

supinate

antonym(s) of “to twist the foot in a particular direction”

From Latin prōnatus, past participle of prōnare (“to bend forward”). See prone.

(transitive, anatomy) To turn or rotate one’s hand and forearm so that the palm faces down if the forearm is horizontal, back if the arm is pointing down, or forward if the forearm is pointing up; to twist the right forearm counterclockwise or the left forearm clockwise.

(transitive, anatomy) To twist the foot so that if walking the weight would be borne on the inner edge of the foot.

(intransitive, anatomy) To become pronated.


cupola

Borrowed from Italian cupola, from Latin cūpula (“little tub”); from Latin cūpa, cuppa (“cup”); named for its resemblance to a cup turned over.

the posterior cupola of the cartilaginous nasal capsule

From each anterior cupola there projects forwards the processus prenasalis lateralis inferior.

1937, Sir Gavin De Beer, The Development of the Vertebrate Skull, page 180:

The cupola of the lung is mostly medial and posterior to the vein as it begins to course deeper into the thorax (Fig. 5.7).

2015, Charles E. Smith, Trauma Anesthesia, →ISBN, page 85:

(anatomy) A small cap over a structure that is shaped like a dome or inverted cup.


anal sphincter

(anatomy) The sphincter (= ring muscle) that surrounds the anus (=anal orifice)


follicle

He could feel the follicles in his inner ear go crazy.

1996, Janette Turner Hospital, Oyster, paperback edition, Virago Press, page 345:

(anatomy) A small cavity or sac, such as a hair follicle.


mantle

From Middle English mantel, from Old English mæntel, mentel (“sleeveless cloak”), from Proto-West Germanic *mantel; later reinforced by Anglo-Norman mantel, both from Latin mantēllum (“covering, cloak”), diminutive of mantum (French manteau, Spanish manto), probably from Gaulish *mantos, *mantalos (“trodden road”), from Proto-Celtic *mantos, *mantlos, from Proto-Indo-European *menH- (“tread, press together; crumble”). Compare Icelandic möttull. Doublet of manteau.


sinew

From Middle English synwe, synewe (“tendon; ligament or other connective tissue; muscle; nerve; leaf vein”), from Old English sinu (“tendon, sinew; nerve”), from Proto-West Germanic *sinu, from Proto-Germanic *sinwō, *senawō (“sinew”), from Proto-Indo-European *snéh₁wr̥ (“sinew, tendon”), from *(s)neh₁- (“to twist (threads), spin, weave”).
The word is cognate with sinnow (“sinew”), Scots senon, sinnon, Saterland Frisian Siene (“sinew”), West Frisian senuw, sine (“sinew; nerve”), Dutch zenuw (“nerve, sinew”), German Sehne (“tendon, sinew; cord”), Icelandic sin (“tendon”), Swedish sena (“sinew”), Avestan 𐬯𐬥𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭 (snāuuar, “tendon, sinew”), Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron, “tendon; nerve; cord”), Latin nervus (“tendon, sinew; nerve”), Sanskrit स्नावन् (snāván, “sinew, tendon; muscle”), Tocharian B ṣñor (“sinew”). Doublet of nerve and neuron.


anteorbital

(anatomy) Situated in front of the eyes.


arteria

/ɑɹˈtɪɹ.i.ə/

Learned borrowing from Latin artēria (“a windpipe; an artery”), from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ (ărtērĭ́ā). Doublet of artery.


laryngeal prominence

en-noun

laryngeal prominence (plural laryngeal prominences)


heartstring

(anatomy, historical) A tendon or other structure resembling a cord once thought to be attached to, or to brace, the heart.


obliquus

(anatomy) An obliquus muscle; a muscle running obliquely.


heartstrings

heartstrings pl (normally plural, singular heartstring)

heartstring (singular)
heart-strings (alternative)
heart strings (alternative)

/ˈhɑɹtˌstɹɪŋz/

PIE word
 *ḱḗr
From Late Middle English hartestrynges, hert strynges, from Middle English herte (“heart”) + strenges, strynges (“cords, strings”). The English word is analysable as heart + strings.

Harte ſtrynges uenies de cuevr.

[1530 July 28 (Gregorian calendar), Iohan Palsgraue [i.e., John Palsgrave], “The Table of Substantyues”, in Lesclarcissement de la langue francoyse⸝ […], [London]: […] [Richard Pynson] fynnysshed by Iohan Haukyns, →OCLC, 3rd boke, folio xxxix, recto, column 1; reprinted Geneva: Slatkine Reprints, October 1972, →OCLC:

The Ueynes are ſpred foorth throughout the whole bodie, howbeit from one welhead, that is to ſay from the Liuer: ſo be the Sinews, howbeit from the Brayne; So likewiſe are the Heartſtrings, howbeit from the Heart.

1587, Philip of Mornay [i.e., Philippe de Mornay], “That there is but Onely One God”, in Philip Sidney, Arthur Golding, transl., A Woorke Concerning the Trewnesse of the Christian Religion, […], London: […] [John Charlewood and] George Robinson for Thomas Cadman, […], →OCLC, page 18:

The midriffe and heart-ſtrings do burn and beat very fearfully, and vvhen this vapour or fume is ſtirred, flyeth upvvard, the heart it ſelf beats, is ſore grieved, and faints, […]

1638, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Symptomes of Maids, Nunnes, and Widows Melancholy”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy. […], 5th edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] [Robert Young, Miles Flesher, and Leonard Lichfield and William Turner] for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 3, member 2, subsection 4, page 202:

Once she sprang as the heifer springs / With the wolf's teeth at its red heart-strings: / First 'twas fire in her breast and brain, / And then scarce hers but the whole world's pain, / As she gave one shriek and sank again.

1871 September (date written), Dante Gabriel Rossetti, “Rose Mary”, in Ballads and Sonnets, London: Ellis and White, […], published 1881, →OCLC, part II, page 33:

(historical) The tendons or other structures resembling cords once thought to be attached to, or to brace, the heart; especially the aorta, pulmonary artery, and other large arteries connected to them; also, the diaphragm.

心弦

The atrioventricular valves are prevented from turning inside out by strands of connective tissue, which run from their underside to the walls of the ventricle. These are the so-called heartstrings or chordae tendin[e]ae.

2002, “Applied Physiology A”, in Beryl Stretch, editor, BTEC National Health Studies, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Heinemann Educational Publishers, →ISBN, page 481:

Joined to the free ends of the AV [atrioventricular] valves are a number of cords called chordae tendineae (heart strings) attaching them to muscles in the wall of the ventricle. The heart strings keep the AV flaps pointing in the direction of the blood flow, stopping them being turned "inside out" and forced through the atria. The semilunar valves do not have heart strings. Blood flowing the wrong way makes the cusps balloon out so that their edges seal tight.

2005, “Section 2: Heart”, in The Facts on File Illustrated Guide to the Human Body: Heart and Circulatory System, New York, N.Y.: Facts on File, →ISBN, page 40:

[M]y precious Toby Chihuahua, soon to be twelve years old, had a heart attack. As a result, one or more of his chordae tendineae, or heartstrings, ruptured. Until very recently, this condition was curtains for a dog, but new meds are keeping him alive for now.

2014 February 15, Crissy Shreve, chapter 5, in BMom: Lovely Weeds, Bloomington, Ind.: AuthorHouse, →ISBN, page 56:

chordae tendineae
chordae tendineae#English

(by extension) Synonym of chordae tendineae (“the cord-like tendons that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve in the heart”).


thighbone

From late Middle English. Equivalent to thigh + bone.

(anatomy) The bone that extends from the pelvis to the knee in humans; the femur.


aula

aulas (plural)
aulae (plural)
aulæ (plural)

From Latin aula (“forecourt”), from Ancient Greek αὐλά (aulá), the form of αὐλή (aulḗ, “forecourt”) in dialects other than Ionic and Attic.

(anatomy, obsolete) The anterior part of the third ventricle of the brain leading to the lateral ventricles.


stirrup bone

(anatomy) the smallest bone in the human body; it is situated in the ear and passes vibrations from the anvil to cochlea


ductal

(anatomy) Of, relating to, or originating in a duct


zygosphene

(anatomy) A median process on the front part of the neural arch of the vertebrae of most snakes and some lizards, which fits into a fossa called the zygantrum on the back part of the arch in front


zygantrum

(anatomy) A depression on the back of a vertebrae into which the zygosphene fits.


zonule

Parallel with zonula, with zona + -ula being homologous to zone + -ule.

1963, M. G. Farquar, G. E. Palade, Junctional complexes in various epithelia, The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 17, republished 2001, Joseph G. Gall, J. Richard McIntosh (editors), Landmark Papers in Cell Biology, page 261,
Each tight junction is followed by an adhering zonule extending between arrows 2 and 3 and, farther away, by a desmosome marked D. A condensation of finely fibrillar material occurs mainly along the adhering zonules on each side of the bile capillary.

(anatomy) A little zone, or girdle; a zonula.

The rim of a small-sized lens along with zonule is clearly seen through the fully dilated pupil.

2004, E. Ahmed, A Textbook of Ophthalmology, page 270:

2009, Frank W. Howes, 5.4: Indications for Lens Surgery / Indications for Application of Different Lens Surgery Techniques, Myron Yanoff, Jay S. Duker (editors), Ophthalmology, 3rd Edition, page 429,
In most cases, the goal of this type of lens surgery is the same as that for eyes without a compromised zonule: to remove the contents of the capsular bag through a CCC and replace the contents with a foldable IOL.


calva

The excavation turned up one small femur, one broken calva, and one jawbone.

(anatomy) The calvaria; the dome or roof of the skull.


longus

Borrowed from New Latin longus (“long”), clipping of musculus longus (“long muscle”).


sclerotic

en-adj

sclerotic (comparative more sclerotic, superlative most sclerotic)

more sclerotic (comparative)
most sclerotic (superlative)

(anatomy) Of or relating to the sclera of the eye.

The outer wood exposed to the air may become carbonaceous due to the interaction of sclerotic mycelium and the wood.

1920, Clarence Ritchie Phipps, Plant Lice Injurious to Apple Orchards:

(anatomy or pathology) Having or relating to sclerosis; hardened.


sclerotic

In front, this membrane is continuous with the cornea by direct continuity of tissue; but the opaque sclerotic overlaps it rather more on the outer than upon its inner surface.

1859, Henry Gray, Anatomy, Descriptive and Surgical, page 555:

An icteric discoloration of the sclerotic — a quite common symptom in xanthopia from arsenical poisoning — is very seldom observed.

1883, Louis Lewin, The Untoward Effects of Drugs, page 98:


meninges

(anatomy, chiefly plural) The three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord.

الأَغْشِيَة السِحَائِيَّة

the three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord


ICS

en-noun

ICS (countable and uncountable, plural ICSs)

intercostal space
intercostal space#English

(countable, anatomy, medicine) Initialism of intercostal space.


antitragus

(anatomy) A projection on the lower posterior portion of the auricle of the ear opposite the tragus.


apico-

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from apex.

e.g. apicocardiac, apicolateral, apicomedial

usage note: For organisms that are attached to a substrate (e.g. sponges, protists), the side attached to the substrate is referred to as the basal end, and the end furthest from attachment is referred to as apical

(anatomy) The side of a body part (or organism) that is further away from the substrate it is attached to.


midbrain

When the instinctive and subconscious world of the snake is confronted in initiation, the vital force of the snake rises and floods the second brain, the midbrain, the limbic ring.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 226:

(neuroanatomy) A part of the brain located rostral to the pons and caudal to the thalamus and the basal ganglia, composed of the tectum (dorsal portion) and the tegmentum (ventral portion).


peripheral

en-adj

peripheral (comparative more peripheral, superlative most peripheral)

more peripheral (comparative)
most peripheral (superlative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *per-der.
Ancient Greek περί (perí)
Ancient Greek περῐ- (perĭ-)
Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-
Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti
Proto-Hellenic *pʰérō
Ancient Greek φέρω (phérō)
Ancient Greek περιφέρω (periphérō)
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *-ēs
Ancient Greek -ης (-ēs)
Ancient Greek περιφερής (peripherḗs)
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-ih₂der.
Ancient Greek -ια (-ia)
Ancient Greek περιφέρεια (periphéreia)bor.
Latin peripheriabor.
Middle French peripheriebor.
English periphery
Proto-Italic *-ālis
Latin -ālisbor.
Old French -albor.
Latin -ālis
Old French -elbor.
Latin -ālisbor.
Middle English -al
English -al
English peripheral
From peripher(y) + -al.

etymon

We have isolated the gene encoding the Schwann cell glycoprotein P0, the major structural protein of the peripheral myelin sheath.

1988 March 1, “Isolation and analysis of the gene encoding peripheral myelin protein zero”, in Neuron, →DOI, page 73:

peripheral nervous system
peripheral nervous system

(neuroanatomy) Related to or located in the peripheral nervous system.


chiasma

chiasmas (plural)
chiasmata (plural)
chiasm (alternative)

Modern Latin, from Ancient Greek χίασμα (khíasma), from χιάζω (khiázō, “to mark with the letter chi, χ”).

(anatomy) A crossing of two nerves, ligaments etc.


arteriovenous

(anatomy) Relating to the arteries and the veins


lateral pectoral nerve

en-noun

lateral pectoral nerve (plural lateral pectoral nerves)

(anatomy) A nerve that branches from the lateral cord and innervates the pectoralis major muscle.


mediastinum

From New Latin mediastīnum, from Medieval Latin mediastīnus (“middling; middle”), from Latin mediastīnus (“a common servant”).

bor

(anatomy) The region in mammals between the pleural sacs, containing the heart and all of the thoracic viscera except the lungs.


fontanelle

fontanelles (plural)
fontanel (alternative)

Borrowed from French fontanelle, from Old French fontenelle, diminutive of fontaine (“fountain, spring”).

(anatomy) A soft membraneous spot on the head of a baby due to incomplete fusion of the cranial bones.


substantia nigra

en-noun

substantia nigra (plural substantiae nigrae or substantia nigras)

substantiae nigrae (plural)
substantia nigras (plural)

Scientific Latin, from substantia (“substance”) + nigra (“black”).

Their location was established in the 1950s as the substantia nigra, a layer of grey matter in the midbrain.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 551:

(anatomy) A brain structure located in the mesencephalon (midbrain) that plays an important role in reward, addiction, and movement, damage to which occurs in Parkinson's and Parkinsonian patients.


nucleus accumbens

(neuroanatomy) A dopaminergic nucleus found near the most anterior portion of the caudate nucleus.


globus pallidus

From Latin globus pallidus (“pale body”).

(neuroanatomy) The inner part of the lenticular nucleus of the brain.


glossal

From Ancient Greek γλῶσσᾰ (glôssă, “a tongue”) + -al.

af

(anatomy, rare) Of or relating to the tongue.


midriff

From Middle English midref, mydrif, from Old English midrif, midhrif (“the midriff; diaphragm”), from Proto-West Germanic *middjahrif. Equivalent to mid- + riff.

I stuck it out for about an hour and then, apprised by a hollow feeling in the midriff that the dinner hour was approaching, laid a course for home.

1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter XXI, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:

But by Season 3, she said her patience had fizzled like bad Champagne after Emily grossly mispronounced “bien sûr” (“of course!”), flashed her midriff at the office and mistook George Sand, the French romantic writer, as a man.

2023 January 20, Dan Bilefsky, “American Expatriates in Paris Wish Emily Cooper Would Go Home”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(anatomy) The middle section of the human torso, from below the chest to above the waist; the abdomen and its back part.

上腹部 (jōfukubu, literally “upper belly portion”)

胴体の中部 (dōtai no chūbu, literally “middle portion of the torso”)


insertion

en-noun

insertion (countable and uncountable, plural insertions)

(anatomy) The distal end of attachment of a muscle to a bone that will be moved by the muscle.


ductus

Borrowed from Latin ductus (“leading, conducting”, noun). Doublet of duct and douit.

bor

(anatomy) A duct, tube or canal in the body.


endoderm

(anatomy, biology) One of the three tissue layers in the embryo of a metazoan animal, which will produce through development, the digestive system of the adult.


deltoid

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From Latin deltoideus, which was in turn from Ancient Greek adjective δελτοειδής (deltoeidḗs). See also: δέλτα (délta), the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet.

(anatomy) The deltoid muscle, a triangular muscle on the human shoulder.

(anatomy) The deltoid ligament, a triangular ligament on the human ankle.


lamina

en-noun

lamina (plural laminae or (archaic) laminæ or laminas)

laminae (plural)
laminæ (archaic plural)
laminas (plural)

Borrowed from Latin lāmina (“a thin piece of metal, wood, marble; a plate, leaf, layer”). Doublet of lame.

bor

A thin layer, plate, or scale of material.

(anatomy) Either of two broad, flat plates of bone of a vertebra that is fused with and extends from the pedicle to the median line of the neural arch to form the base of the spinous process and that along with the pedicle forms the posterior part of the vertebral foramen.


compressor

From compress + -or, or from New Latin compressor.

(anatomy) A muscle that compresses certain parts.


occiput

Borrowed from Latin occiput (“the back part of the head”). Compare sinciput.

And then came Turbor, who sat quietly and unemotionally through the fifteen minute process, and Munn, who jerked at the first touch of the electrodes, and then spent the session rolling his eyes as though he wished he could turn them backwards and watch through a hole in his occiput.

1953, Isaac Asimov, “9: The Conspirators”, in Second Foundation (Foundation Series), Panther Books Ltd, Part II: Search by the Foundation, page 95:

He wore a large white cotton Nubian shirt, trimmed with red pompons, and shaved his head, except for one lock at the occiput ‘by which Mohammed lifts you up on Judgement Day’.

2002, Alain de Botton, The Art of Travel, published 2008:

(chiefly anatomy) The back part of the head or skull.


podex

If these native babes went around with their podexes exposed they wouldn't have any because the mosquitoes would eat them off.

1953, Jack Woodford, Writer's Cramp, page 35:

(anatomy, rare) The anus, rectum, or buttocks of a human.


glia

From Ancient Greek γλία (glía), γλοία (gloía, “glue”), γλοιός (gloiós, “a glutinous substance, gum”)

(anatomy) The network of glial cells that supports nervous system tissue.


lateral geniculate nucleus

(neuroanatomy) The nucleus of the thalamus which receives input from the optic tract.


tectum

From Latin tēctum (“roof”), from tegō (“I cover”), cognate with Ancient Greek τέγος (tégos, “roof; any covered room of a house”). Doublet of tect.

(neuroanatomy) The dorsal portion of the midbrain of vertebrates; in mammals, containing the superior colliculus and inferior colliculus


tegmentum

en-noun

tegmentum (plural tegmentums or tegmenta)

(neuroanatomy) The ventral portion of the midbrain, divided from the tectum by the cerebral aqueduct and the periaqueductal grey.

ventral tegmental area
ventral tegmental area

(neuroanatomy) Containing the following nuclei: red nucleus, substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area.


cerebral aqueduct

cerebral aqueduct (plural cerebral aqueducts)

(neuroanatomy) The channel in the brain which connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle. It is surrounded by the periaqueductal gray.


periaqueductal gray

periaqueductal gray (plural not attested)

Shortening of periaqueductal gray matter.

The periaqueductal gray contains circuits that control the sensorimotor components of rage.

2011, Steven Pinker, The Better Angels of Our Nature, Penguin, published 2012, page 601:

(neuroanatomy) The region surrounding the cerebral aqueduct in the midbrain, playing an important role in analgesia.


superior colliculus

superior colliculus (plural superior colliculi)

(anatomy) A structure on the tectum that receives neural projections directly from the retina. It is the primary area of the brain thought to be involved in saccadic eye movements, and is also thought to be involved in hand-eye coordination.


cyclo-

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white matter

(neuroanatomy) A region of the central nervous system containing myelinated nerve fibres and no dendrites.


spinal column

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spinal canal

(anatomy) The canal which runs down through the vertebrae and contains the spinal cord and spinal meninges.

椎管

canal containing the spinal cord and spinal meninges


CBD

CBD (countable and uncountable, plural CBDs or CBD's)

common bile duct
common bile duct#English

(anatomy) Initialism of common bile duct.


CCA

CCA (countable and uncountable, plural CCAs)

common carotid artery
common carotid artery#English

(anatomy) Initialism of common carotid artery.


vaginal

/vəˈd͡ʒʌɪ.nəl/

Borrowed from New Latin vāgīnālis, from vāgīna (“a covering, sheath; the vagina”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix); equivalent to vagina + -al.

af

(anatomy, relational) Of or relating to a theca.


intercostal

(anatomy) Between the ribs of an animal or person.

وَرْبِيَّة

anatomy: between the ribs of an animal or person


intercostal

(anatomy) Any of the intercostal muscles.

(anatomy) Something that is between the ribs of an animal.


cardiac muscle

en-noun

cardiac muscle (countable and uncountable, plural cardiac muscles)

(anatomy, cardiology) The striated and involuntary muscle of the vertebrate heart.


skeletal muscle

skeletal muscle (countable and uncountable, plural skeletal muscles)

(anatomy) The voluntary muscle of vertebrates, which is striated and anchored by tendons to bone and is used to effect skeletal movement such as locomotion.


smooth muscle

smooth muscle (countable and uncountable, plural smooth muscles)

(anatomy) Involuntary muscle which is found within the intestines, throat, uterus, and blood vessel walls.


voluntary muscle

voluntary muscle (plural voluntary muscles)

(anatomy) Muscle that is normally controlled by individual volition; skeletal muscle.


involuntary muscle

involuntary muscle (countable and uncountable, plural involuntary muscles)

(anatomy) A muscle that is not controlled by individual volition, e.g., cardiac muscle and smooth muscle.


spermatheca

spermatheca (plural spermathecas or spermathecae)

spermathecas (plural)
spermathecae (plural)

/ˌspɜːməˈθiːkə/

(anatomy) A small sac within the reproductive tract of some female invertebrates, such as insects, which stores sperm until it is used to fertilize the ova.


prostatic utricle

prostatic utricle (plural prostatic utricles)

(anatomy) A small pouch in the prostate opening that is homologous to the uterus.


tragus

Borrowed from Late Latin tragus, from Ancient Greek τράγος (trágos, “he-goat; part of the ear”); with reference to a tuft of hair, likened to a goat’s beard, that may grow on the tragus, especially in older men.

bor

(anatomy) The small piece of thick cartilage on the inner side of the external ear that is immediately in front of and partly closing the ear canal.


ear canal

(anatomy) The tube or meatus running from the outer ear to the eardrum through which sound enters.


outer ear

(anatomy) The outer portion of the ear which includes the auricle/pinna and the ear canal and leads to the eardrum.


middle ear

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(anatomy) The cavity in the temporal bone between the eardrum and the inner ear that contains the ossicles, and which conveys sound to the cochlea.


inner ear

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(anatomy) The portion of the ear located within the temporal bone which includes the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea and is responsible for hearing and balance.


eardrum

eardrums (plural)
ear drum (alternative)

(anatomy) A thin membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear and transmits sound from the air to the malleus.

طَبْلَة اَلْأُذْن

membrane separating outer and middle ears

membrana tympani

which some sources assert to be a TA term; perhaps it was formerly so


popliteal

From Late Latin popliteus (from Latin poples (“ham, knee”)) + -al.

On removing a quantity of fat which separates the popliteal nerve from the vein and artery, these will be exposed lying in direct contact, the vein being posterior or superficial to the artery and a little to its outer side at the upper part of the space.

1839, John Steggall, Malcolm William Hilles, A Manual for the College of Surgeons in London, Dublin, and Edinburgh, page 433:

The popliteal entrapment syndrome is a developmental disorder resulting in an anomalous relationship between the popliteal artery and muscle structures in the popliteal fossa.

2006, Gregory J. Landry, edited by Gerald B. Zelenock, Mastery of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 53: Treatment of Nonatherosclerotic Causes of Infrainguinal Arterial Occlusive Disease, page 443:

The popliteal artery is exposed through an incision that parallels the anterior border of the sartorius muscle and passes just posterior to the medial condyle.

2009, Carol E. H. Scott-Conner, Operative Anatomy, page 758:

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the popliteus (the area behind the knee).


Eustachian tube

en-noun

Eustachian tube (plural Eustachian tubes)

Named after Italian scientist Bartolomeo Eustachi.

named-after

(anatomy) In humans and other land vertebrates, a tube that links the nasopharynx to the cavity of the middle ear to allow the equalization of the pressure on both sides of the eardrum.

yevstax borusu

tube that links the pharynx to the cavity of the middle ear


sigmoid colon

(anatomy) The S-shaped section of the large intestine between the descending colon and the rectum.


digestive system

en-noun

digestive system (plural digestive systems)

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All the food that you eat goes through your digestive system and is digested.

(anatomy) A system of organs for the purpose of digesting food.


medially

laterally

antonym(s) of “near or along the midline”

laterally

antonym(s) of “nearer or toward the midline”

(anatomy) In a medial direction or location; near or along the midline.

(anatomy) In a medial direction or location; nearer or toward the midline.


endoskeleton

endoskeleton (plural endoskeletons or endoskeleta)

endoskeletons (plural)
endoskeleta (plural)

This is the case not only with all forms provided with exoskeleta and endoskeleta, into the composition of which lime largely enters, but also with those which exercise the precipitating effect on the calcium salts they absorb from sea water, the precipitation rarely going so far as to form a distinct deposit in the cells or tissues of the organism.

1903 January 17, A[rchibald] B[yron] Macallum, “The Palæochemistry of the Ocean in Relation to Animal and Vegetable Protoplasm”, in Transactions of the Canadian Institute, volume VII, Toronto, Ont.: […] for the Canadian Institute by Murray Printing Company, published 1904, section IV (The Composition of the Primeval Ocean), page 551:

Endoskeleta have the advantage that they can be flexibly “restructured” when the situation demands.

1978, K.H. Pribram, “Modes of Central Processing in Human Learning and Remebering”, in Timothy Teyler, editor, Brain and Learning, Stamford, Conn.: Greylock Publishers, →ISBN, section “The Implications”, page 156:

The acantharian radiolaria can similarly collect and precipitate strontium sulfate to form their endoskeleta. […] Besides the axopods, most other radiolaria form endoskeleta of either strontium sulfate (the Acantharea) or, more often, opaline silicates (the Polycystinea and Phaeodarea).

1991, Eugene C. Bovee, “Sarcodina”, in Frederick W. Harrison, John O. Corliss, editors, Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates, volume 1 (Protozoa), Wiley-Liss, →ISBN, pages 205 and 213:

(anatomy) The internal skeleton of an animal, which in vertebrates is composed of bone and cartilage.


cellula

(anatomy, botany) A small compartment or chamber.


operculum

(anatomy) One of several flaps of cerebral cortex covering the insula.


protractor

(anatomy) A muscle that extends an organ or part; opposed to retractor.


geniculate

PIE word
 *ǵónu
Learned borrowing from Latin geniculātus (“with bended knee”), from geniculum (“little knee”) + -ātus (participial adjective-forming suffix), see -ate (adjective-forming suffix).

af

a geniculate stem; a geniculate ganglion; a geniculate twin crystal

(anatomy, botany) Bent abruptly, with the structure of a knee.

(anatomy) Relating to a geniculate nucleus.


fourchette

frenulum labiorum pudendi
frenulum labiorum pudendi

(anatomy) A fork-shaped structure, specifically the fold of skin where the labia minora meet above the perineum (the frenulum labiorum pudendi).


taenia

taenias (plural)
taeniae (plural)
tænia (alternative)
tenia (alternative)

From Latin taenia, from Ancient Greek ταινία (tainía, “ribbon, tape”).

uder

Each taenia traverses one of the following surfaces of the colon: the anterior surface, the posteroinferior surface, and the posterosuperior surface.

2004, Janice C. Colwell, Fecal and Urinary Diversions: Management and Principles, page 49:

The general characteristics of the colon are its large caliber; the presence of pendant-shaped bodies of fat enclosed by peritoneum, called omental appendices; and the longitudinal muscle in its walls, which forms three narrow, ribbon-like bands called taeniae coli. The locations of the taeniae are useful landmarks and are specific in relation to the position of the colon itself. The posterior taenia, or tenia omental, is found on the posterolateral border of the ascending and descending colons and the anterior border of the transverse colon. The anterior taenia, or tenia libera,[…].

2006, Richard L. Drake, “Chapter 128: Anatomy of the Colon”, in Josef E. Fischer, Kirby I. Bland, Mark P. Callery, editors, Mastery of Surgery, volume 1, page 1424:

The choroid plexus is attached medially to the body of the fornix by the taenia fornicis and laterally to the thalamus by the taenia choroidea. The taenia is actually a continuation of the ependyma that covers the ventricular cavity over the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle.

2006, Hung Tzu Wen, Antônio C. M. Mussi, Albert L. Rhoton Jr, Evandro de Oliveira, Helder Tedeschi, “Chapter 41: Surgical Approaches to Lesions Located in the Lateral, Third, and Fourth Ventricles”, in Laligam N. Sekhar, Richard Glenn Fessler, editors, Atlas of Neurosurgical Techniques: Brain, page 535:

The taenia selected will generally be the so-called omental taenia, from which the greater omentum arises.

2009, Carol E. H. Scott-Conner, Operative Anatomy, page 542:

(anatomy) Any of several ribbon-like bands of tissue.


cuneal

en-adj

cuneal (comparative more cuneal, superlative most cuneal)

more cuneal (comparative)
most cuneal (superlative)


deferential

From French déférentiel, from déférent + -iel.

[ˌdɛfəˈɹɛnʃəɫ]

(anatomy) Of or relating to the vas deferens.


post-

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *pós
Proto-Indo-European *-ti
Proto-Indo-European *pós-ti
Proto-Italic *posti
Latin poste
Latin post
English post-
Latin post (“after, behind”). Cognate with Spanish pues (“well, so, then”)


deferent

From Middle English defferent, from Middle French deferent (modern French déférent) or its etymon Latin dēferēns, dēferentis.

(anatomy) A duct in the body serving to carry, as opposed to an afferent one.


cavernous

en-adj

cavernous (comparative more cavernous, superlative most cavernous)

more cavernous (comparative)
most cavernous (superlative)

Late Middle English cavernous, cavernose, borrowing from Old French caverneux or Latin cavernōsus (“full of hollows or cavities”), from caverna (“a hollow, cavity, cave”) + -ōsus (“-ous, -ose”, adjectival suffix); equivalent to cavern + -ous.

af

(anatomy, zootomy) Composed largely of vascular sinuses and capable of dilating with blood to bring about the erection of a body part.


akroposthion

/ækɹə(ʊ)ˈpɒsθɪən/

From Ancient Greek ἀκροπόσθιον (akropósthion).

der

(anatomy, urology) The tip of the foreskin which extends beyond the glans.


canthus

Borrowed from Latin canthus (“the tire of a wheel”).

bor+

the lowly East with its deer head (dark trace of long tear at inner canthus

I could sit here while the milk makes white shadows in its glass, while darkness mutters behind the window, and wait for a tear to show itself in the creased canthus of your eye.

2004, Andrew Sean Greer, The Confessions of Max Tivoli, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, page 263:

A ground electrode located between Fpz and Fz. The electro-oculogram (EOG) was recorded bipolarly from two electrodes placed at the outer canthi of the right eye and below the left eye.

2015 August 26, “Effects of Relaxing Music on Mental Fatigue Induced by a Continuous Performance Task: Behavioral and ERPs Evidence”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

corner of the eye
corner of the eye#Noun

(anatomy) Either corner of the eye, where the eyelids meet.


hypochondrium

From New Latin hypochondrium, from Ancient Greek ὑποχόνδριον (hupokhóndrion, “the soft part of the body below the cartilage and above the navel”), from ὑπό (hupó, “below”) + χόνδρος (khóndros, “cartilage”). See also hypochondria, hypochondriac, and Wikipedia at hypochondriasis § Etymology.

der

(anatomy) The upper region of the abdomen, underneath the lower ribs, each side of the epigastrium.


circumvallate

From Latin circumvallare, from circum- + vallum (“rampart”).

circumvallate papillae, near the base of the tongue

(anatomy) Surrounded by a ridge or elevation.


body part

body parts (plural)
bodypart (alternative)
body-part (alternative)

Eighteen of the Alzheimer elderly were able to identify at least ten body-parts.

1985, Experimental aging research, Volume 11

1997, Gerald Thorn, Phil Embleton, Encyclopedia of Bodybuilding
HEAVY DUTY The low-set, high-intensity system (1 to 3 sets per bodypart) was popularized by Dr. Arthur Jones, inventor of the Nautilus equipment.

Bodybuilders love to talk about their routines for this body part or that bodypart

2005, Lou Schuler, Alwyn Cosgrove, The new rules of lifting, page 27

The detached body part should be quickly irrigated to remove contaminants.

2010, Buck Tilton, Wilderness First Responder, page 107

(anatomy) Any part of an animal organism, such as an organ, limb or extremity.


epidural

en-adj

epidural (comparative more epidural, superlative most epidural)

more epidural (comparative)
most epidural (superlative)

(anatomy, relational) Situated on or outside the dura mater.


crural

From Latin crūrālis, from crūs (“leg”) (stem: crūr-).

(chiefly anatomy) Pertaining to the leg.


arterioventricular

(anatomy) Of or relating to the spatial relationship or communication between the great arteries and the ventricles of the heart.

arterioventricular

relating to the arteries and the ventricles of the heart


soft palate

The part which is connected by a thin tendinous end to the tendinous membrane, that is extended above upon the soft palate, coming from the nostrils; and with that membrane seems to be inserted into the middle and posterior edge of the palate bones.

1754, Bernhard Siegfried, The Explanation of Albinus's Anatomical Figures of the Human Skeleton and Muscles:

(anatomy) The soft tissue at the back of the roof of the mouth.


vagal

vagal (comparative more vagal, superlative most vagal)

more vagal (comparative)
most vagal (superlative)

(anatomy) Of or relating to the vagus nerve.


megakaryocyte

megakaryocytes (plural)
megacaryocyte (alternative)

These have been described as giant cells with budding nuclei (Bizzozero [2]); but it seems to me that they are worthy of a more distinctive name. I shall speak of them hereafter as megakaryocytes, or large nucleated giant cells, while the first class might be named polykaryocytes, or multinucleated giant cells.

1890, W. H. Howell, “Observations upon the occurrence, structure, and function of the giant cells of the marrow”, in Journal of Morphology, volume 4, page 118:

The evidence of formation of blood platelets from the megakaryocyte is conclusive. Except for the origin of platelets in the early embryo from a forerunner of the megakaryocyte, Wright recognizes no other source for blood platelets in mammals.

1914, Wade H. Brown, “The histogenesis of blood platelets”, in Studies from the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, page 69:

Under appropriate culture conditions, the megakaryocyte burst-forming cell can develop into 40 to 500 megakaryocytes within 1 week.

2012, Alan D. Michelson, Platelets, page 28:

(anatomy) A large cell, found in bone marrow, responsible for the production of platelets.


truncate

/ˈtɹʌŋˌkeɪt/

From Latin truncātus, perfect passive participle of truncō (“maim, reduce to a trunk”); see trunk as a verb.

(botany, anatomy) Having an abrupt termination.

κολοβός

botany, anatomy: having an abrupt termination


foramen

Borrowed from Latin forāmen (“aperture or opening produced by boring”), from forō (“to pierce or bore”) + -men (nominal suffix).

af

The skull contains a number of foramina through which arteries, veins, nerves, and other structures enter and exit.

There is — as I have explained — a slight want of alignment in the cervical vertebrae which has, as I perceive it, the effect of lessening the foramina through which the nerve roots emerge.

1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:

(anatomy) An opening, an orifice, or a short passage, especially in a bone.

ثُقْبَة

an opening, an orifice, or a short passage, especially in a bone


halse

From Middle English hals, from Old English heals (“neck, prow of a ship”), from Proto-West Germanic *hals, from Proto-Germanic *halsaz (“neck”), from Proto-Indo-European *kols-, *ḱols- (“neck”).
Cognate with Dutch hals (“neck, throat”), German Hals (“neck, throat”), Norwegian hals (“neck, throat”), Swedish hals (“neck, throat”), Latin collum (“neck”).

inh

Well, as you know they used to hang folk by the halse for horse theft.

(anatomy, archaic) The neck; the throat.


pedate

en-adj

pedate (comparative more pedate, superlative most pedate)

more pedate (comparative)
most pedate (superlative)


laminar

In, or consisting of, thin plates or layers.

(anatomy) Describing the layer of capillaries in the choroid of the eye


malar

From modern Latin malaris, from Latin mala (“jaw, cheek-bone”).

(anatomy) The cheekbone, which forms a part of the lower edge of the orbit.


pubic symphysis

en-noun

pubic symphysis (plural pubic symphyses)

(anatomy) A cartilaginous joint between the two bones of the pubis.


medulla

medulla (plural medullas or medullae or medullæ)

medullas (plural)
medullae (plural)
medullæ (plural)

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Borrowed from Latin medulla (“pith, marrow”), perhaps from medius (“middle”).

(anatomy) The inner substance of various organs and structures, especially the marrow of bones.

髓质

the inner substance of various organs and structures, especially the marrow of bones

(anatomy, neuroanatomy) The medulla oblongata.


nates

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(anatomy, medicine) The two anterior of the four lobes on the dorsal side of the midbrain of most mammals; the anterior optic lobes.


plantar

From Latin planta (“sole of the foot”). May be decomposed as plant + -ar.

a plantar wart

(anatomy) Relating to the sole of the foot.


tunic

tunics (plural)
tunick (alternative obsolete)

→ Welsh: tiwnig

Borrowed from Middle French tunique, from Latin tunica, possibly from Semitic (compare Aramaic [script needed] (kittuna), Hebrew כותנת (kuttoneth, “coat”), English chiton); or from Etruscan. Existed in Old English as tunece; unknown if that term was lost and then reborrowed later. Doublet of tunica.

Select individual bulbs that are firm and have no noticeable blemishes on them. Don't worry about the papery covering or tunic. That may or may not be in place, […]

2015, Charlie Nardozzi, New England Month-by-Month Gardening: What to Do Each Month to Have a Beautiful Garden All Year, Cool Springs Press, →ISBN, page 132:

(anatomy, botany) Any covering, such as seed coat or the organ that covers a membrane.

buroklevél

any covering, such as seed coat or the organ that covers a membrane


pallium

Borrowed from Latin pallium (“a cloak”). Doublet of pall.


bregma

From Ancient Greek βρέγμα (brégma, “top of the head”).

bor

(anatomy) The anatomical structure on the skull where the coronal suture and sagittal suture meet.


pronation

en-noun

pronation (countable and uncountable, plural pronations)

From French pronation, from Latin pronatio.

(anatomy) The action of rotating the forearm so that the palm of the hand is turned down or back.


supination

supination (countable and uncountable, plural supinations)

(anatomy) The act of rotating the forearm so that the palm of the hand is turned up or forward, or the resulting state of the forearm

supinaatio

anatomy: act of rotating the forearm so that the palm is turned up or forward

(anatomy) The act or state of combined adduction and inversion of the foot.

supinaatio

anatomy: act or state of combined adduction and inversion of the foot


punctum

From Latin pūnctum. Doublet of point, pointe, ponto, puncto, punt, and punto.

doublet

Thus, from what has been stated, we see that neither the white puncta nor the minute white branchwork of lines were ever tubular.

1861, The Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Zoology, Botany, and Geology:

(anatomy) A sharp tip of any part of the anatomy; a point or other small area.


punctum vasculosum

(anatomy) Any small drop of blood seen as a spot in sections of the brain.


subdural

(anatomy) Located beneath the dura mater and above the arachnoid mater.

subdural

located beneath the dura mater and above the arachnoid mater


forearm

From fore- + arm. Compare Dutch voorarm (“forearm”), Danish forarm (“forearm”), German Vorderarm (“forearm”).

(anatomy) The part of the arm between the wrist and the elbow.

karera

part of a firearm below and supporting the barrel.


ipsilateral

/ˌɪpsɪˈlætəɹəl/

The stroke was characterised by ipsilateral paralysis.

(anatomy, medicine) On the same side of the body.


coronal

en-adj

coronal (comparative more coronal, superlative most coronal)

more coronal (comparative)
most coronal (superlative)

From Middle English coronal, from Anglo-Norman coronal, from Latin corōnālis (“related to a crown”), from corōna (“crown”).

(anatomy) Relating to the coronal plane that divides a body into dorsal (back) and ventral (front).


frenulum

frenula (plural)
frenulums (plural)
fraenulum (alternative hypercorrect nonstandard)
frænulum (alternative hypercorrect nonstandard)

Borrowed from New Latin frēnulum, diminutive of frēnum (“a bridle, curb, bit”).

Humans have three oral frenulums: beneath the tongue, between the upper lip and gum, and between the lower lip and gum.

(anatomy) A small fold or ridge of tissue that supports or restrains the motion of the part to which it is attached, in particular a fold of skin beneath the tongue, or between the lip and the gum.


frenum

frena (plural)
frenums (plural)
fraenum (alternative)
frænum (alternative)

Borrowed from Latin frēnum (“bridle, curb, bit”).


cranial

(anatomy) Of or relating to the cranium, or to the skull.

جُمْجُمِيّ

of or relating to the cranium, or to the skull


oligodendroglia

en-noun

oligodendroglia (plural oligodendroglias or oligodendroglia)

oligodendroglias (plural)
oligodendroglia (plural)

(anatomy) tissue (neuroglia) consisting of glial cells that are smaller than astrocytes and form the myelin sheath


tympanic

(anatomy) Relating to the tympanum, eardrum or middle ear.


pudic

en-adj

pudic (comparative more pudic, superlative most pudic)

more pudic (comparative)
most pudic (superlative)

From French pudique, from Latin pudīcus, from pudet (“it shames”).

(anatomy) Pertaining to the pudendum or external genital organs; pudendal.


dermic

Underneath each nail the deep or dermic layer of the integument is peculiarly modified.

1874, Thomas Henry Huxley, Lessons in Elementary Physiology:

(anatomy) Of or relating to the dermis or skin.


tympanum

Borrowed from Latin tympanum (“a drum, timbrel, tambourine; the eardrum”). Doublet of timbre, timpani, timbal, and tymbal.

قَلْب القَوْصَرَة

triangular space between the sides of a pediment

(anatomy, zootomy) Any of various anatomic structures in various animals with analogy to a drum head:

(anatomy, zootomy) The eardrum (tympanic membrane, membrana tympanica).

(anatomy, zootomy) The main portion of the middle ear: the tympanic cavity (cavitas tympani).

(zootomy, entomology) A thin tense membrane covering the hearing organ on the leg or body of some insects, sometimes adapted (as in cicadas) for producing sound.

(zootomy) A membranous resonator in a sound-producing organ in frogs and toads.

(zootomy) (in certain birds) The labyrinth at the bottom of the windpipe.


timpanum

timpanums (plural)
timpana (plural)
tympanum (alternative)


stroma

From Latin stroma (“bed covering”), from Ancient Greek στρῶμα (strôma, “bed”), from στόρνυμι (stórnumi, “to stretch out”).

(anatomy) The tissue structure of an organ, etc., that serves to support it.


concha

en-noun

concha (plural conchae or (archaic) conchæ)

conchae (plural)
conchæ (archaic plural)

Borrowed from Late Latin concha (“a mussel shell”). Doublet of conch.

bor+

(anatomy) The deepest indentation of the cartilage of the human ear, attaching to the mastoid bone and leading to its central opening.

(anatomy) Alternative form of nasal concha.

Any shell-shaped structure:
Alternative form of nasal concha.


typhlosole

From typhl- (“blind, caecum”) + Ancient Greek σωλήν (sōlḗn, “channel, pipe”).

der

(anatomy) A fold in the surface of the intestines of some invertebrates etc that increases its digestive surface area.


fascicle

From Latin fasciculus, a diminutive of fascis (“bundle”); see also fasces. Doublet of fasciculus.

(anatomy) A bundle of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by connective tissue.


connecting tubule

en-noun

connecting tubule (plural connecting tubules)

(anatomy) A tubule in the nephron in the kidney that goes to the pelvis. Its primary function is to bring urine to the pelvis of the kidney.


soft tissue

(anatomy) All the tissues of the body except the calcified ones such as bones and teeth. (Cartilage of joints is often excluded from the definition as well).


radial

en-adj

radial (comparative more radial, superlative most radial)

more radial (comparative)
most radial (superlative)

From Medieval Latin radiālis (“radial”), from Latin radius.

(anatomy) Of, or relating to the radius bone.


somatic sensory cortex

en-noun

somatic sensory cortex (plural somatic sensory cortices)

(anatomy) The region of the cerebral cortex that receives somatic signals from the thalamus.


articular

From Latin articularis. English article + -ar.

an articular disease; an articular process

(anatomy) Of, at, or relating to the joints of the body.

ставен

of, at, or relating to the joints of the body


cricoid

/ˈkɹʌɪ.kɔɪd/

/ˈkɹaɪˌkɔɪd/

Borrowed rom New Latin cricoīdēs, from Ancient Greek κρῐκοειδής (krĭkoeidḗs, “ring-shaped, annular”), from κρίκος (kríkos, “ring”) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-like, -oid”).

af

(anatomy) Of, relating to, or being a cricoid cartilage.


cricoid

/ˈkɹʌɪ.kɔɪd/

/ˈkɹaɪˌkɔɪd/

What luck that Mr. Romeo still gripped and twisted and cracked that crooked cricoid as X-rayed by the firemen and mountain guides in the street.

1972, Владимир Набоков, Transparent Things, McGraw-Hill, page 81:

cricoid cartilage
cricoid cartilage#English

(anatomy) Ellipsis of cricoid cartilage.


velum

Borrowed from Latin vēlum (“a cloth, covering, awning, curtain, veil”). Doublet of veil.

bor

A thin membrane resembling a veil or curtain.


xiphoid process

en-noun

xiphoid process (plural xiphoid processes)

/ˈzɪˌfɔɪd ˈpɹɑˌsɛs/

The adult sternum is comprised of three main parts—the manubrium, sternal body, and xiphoid process. The manubrium (fig. 7.2a) is the thickest, most superior part of the sternum, while the xiphoid process is variable in appearance and forms the inferior terminus of the sternum.

2005, Brenda J. Baker, Tosha L. Dupras, Matthew W. Tocheri, The Osteology of Infants and Children, Texas A&M University Press, page 96:

2005, Kenneth L. Franco, Joe Billy Putnam, Advanced Therapy in Thoracic Surgery, B.C. Decker Inc., 2nd Edition, page 152,
In chondrosternal prominence where there is angulation at the sternoxiphoidal junction, the xiphoid process is detached and a 2 to 3 cm length of the lower sternum is resected.

This is a constellation of symptoms, including severe intermittent anterior chest wall pain in the region of the xiphoid process, made worse with overeating, stooping, and bending (Figures 103-2 and 103-3)

2016, Steven D. Waldman, Atlas of Pain Management Injection Techniques, 4th edition, Elsevier, page 360:

(anatomy, medicine) The small cartilaginous extension to the lower part of the sternum, usually ossified in the adult human.

xipho-

and thus see: Category:English terms prefixed with xipho-


cardia

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek καρδία (kardía, “heart”). Doublet of heart and possibly of core.

lbor

In some insects different cell types can be identified microscopically within the cardia.

2004, William H. Marquardt, Biology of Disease Vectors, page 300:

The first one is stripping from up to down for tumours in the cardias, the other one is stripping from down to up for cervical esophageal cancer.

2012, Kin-ichi Nabeya, editor, Recent Advances in Diseases of the Esophagus:

After several rinses in fresh culture medium the cardiae were transferred to sterilized vessels with culture medium which had been sterilized by filtration.

2012, Werner Peters, Peritrophic Membranes:

(anatomy) The area of the stomach which directly receives contents from the esophagus.

càrdies

section of the esophagus that connects to the stomach


integumentary pattern

en-noun

integumentary pattern (plural integumentary patterns)

(anatomy) All the features of the skin, feathers, etc. of an animal that are arranged in designs; especially, the configuration of epidermal ridges (dermatoglyphics) characteristic of primates.


integumentary system

integumentary system (plural integumentary systems)

(anatomy) The skin, feathers and other outer coverings of an animal.


quadratus

From Latin quadratus, perfect passive participle of quadro (“I make square”).

(anatomy) Any of several roughly square or rectangular muscles, e.g. in the abdomen, thigh, and eye socket.


kyphosis

kyphosis (countable and uncountable, plural kyphoses)

kyphoses (plural)
cyphosis (alternative dated)

From Ancient Greek κυφός (kuphós, “humpback, bent”) + -osis.

der

(anatomy) The normal convex curvature of the spine in the thoracic and sacral regions.


dysmorphism

en-noun

dysmorphism (countable and uncountable, plural dysmorphisms)

Primary genetic or endocrine etiologies are rare but need to be taken into consideration, if the child has dysmorphism, severe hyperphagia, developmental delay, clinical signs of Cushing impressively increasing in or Cushingoid syndromes, and hypothyroidism.

2020, Consolato M. Sergi, “[[Parenchymal GI Glands: Liver] Viral and AI Hepatitis, Chemical Injury, and Allograft Rejection] Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis”, in Pathology of Childhood and Adolescence: An Illustrated Guide, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature, →ISBN, page 498, column 2:

(anatomy) any malformation of the anatomy


planum

From Latin plānum (“level ground, plain”).


planum temporale

(anatomy) A flat upper surface on the temporal lobe of the brain, involved in hearing and language.


temporal lobe

(neuroanatomy, anatomy) One of the four major divisions of the cerebrum of the brain, located behind the temples.


frontal lobe

The frontal lobe is the seat of the higher functions of the brain — reasoning, forethought, problem-solving, emotional control, and so on.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 61:

(anatomy) One of the four major divisions of the cerebrum of the brain, located behind the forehead.


parietal lobe

The parietal lobe manages sensory inputs like touch and temperature.

(anatomy) One of the four major divisions of the cerebrum of the brain.


occipital lobe

The occipital lobe processes visual information.

(anatomy) One of the four major divisions of the cerebrum of the brain, located at the back of the head.


parietal

en-adj

parietal (comparative more parietal, superlative most parietal)

more parietal (comparative)
most parietal (superlative)

From Latin parietālis, from pariēs (“wall”).

Hydrochloric acid is secreted by the parietal cells of the gastric glands, located on the wall of the fundus of the stomach.

The superior aspect of the supramarginal gyrus lies underneath the euryon, which corresponds to the most prominent point of the parietal tuberosity or bossa […]

2018, Guilherme Carvalhal Ribas, Applied Cranial-Cerebral Anatomy:

(anatomy) Of or relating to the wall of a body part, organ or cavity.

parietaalinen

of or relating to the wall of a body part, organ or cavity

(anatomy) Of or relating to the parietal bones.


parietal

(anatomy) Either of the two parietal bones, on the top and side of the skull.


glosso-

From Ancient Greek γλῶσσᾰ (glôssă, “tongue; language”) + -o-.

af

gloss- (alternative)
glotto- (alternative)
glott- (alternative)

glossopharyngeal

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the tongue.


omo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὦμος (ômos, “the shoulder”).

bor

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the shoulder and scapula.


rhombencephalon

en-noun

rhombencephalon (plural rhombencephalons or rhombencephala)

rhombencephalons (plural)
rhombencephala (plural)


ruga

Borrowed from Latin rūga (“a crease in the face, wrinkle”).

bor

Female: Face subpolished, weakly rugose, rugae somewhat diverging, at sides sparsely and shallowly punctate; […]

1980, Joseph Kenneth Jonathan, The Isotima-complex (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), page 83:

the deadly water-snakes coil’d together like the Rugæ of a single great Brain, the gray and even illumination from the Sky

(anatomy, zootomy, botany, usually in the plural) A fold, crease or wrinkle.


supinate

en-verb

supinate (third-person singular simple present supinates, present participle supinating, simple past and past participle supinated)

supinates (present singular third-person)
supinating (participle present)
supinated (participle past)
supinated (past)

pronate

antonym(s) of “to twist the forearm in a particular direction”

pronate

antonym(s) of “to twist the foot in a particular direction”

From Latin supīnō (“turn up, turn over”).

(transitive, anatomy) To twist the forearm so as to turn the palm of the hand backwards if the forearm is pointing up, upwards if the forearm is horizontal, or forwards if the arm is pointing down; to twist the forearm by contracting the biceps brachii; to twist the right forearm clockwise or the left forearm counterclockwise.

(transitive, anatomy) To twist the foot so the weight is on the outer edge.


adipose tissue

en-noun

adipose tissue (countable and uncountable, plural adipose tissues)

(anatomy) Connective tissue which stores fat, and which cushions and insulates the body.


carina

Borrowed from Latin carīna (“keel”). Doublet of careen and carene.

(anatomy) Any of several features that have a projecting central ridge


pyxis

From Latin pyxis (“small box”). Doublet of box, piseog, and pyx.


parenchyma

parenchyma (countable and uncountable, plural parenchymas or parenchymata)

parenchymas (plural)
parenchymata (plural)

/pəˈɹɛŋ.kɪm.ə/

From Ancient Greek παρέγχῠμα (parénkhŭma, “anything poured in beside”), from πᾰρᾰ- (pără-, “beside”) + ἔγχῠμα (énkhŭma, “instillation, content of a vessel”), given by the Greek anatomist Erasistratus to the peculiar substance of the lungs, liver, kidneys, and spleen, as if formed separately by the veins that run into them.

af

Previously blood and air had been thought to mingle freely in the fleshy parenchyma of the lungs, but the microscope now revealed the membranous alveoli at the ends of the tracheo-bronchial ramifications.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 217:

(anatomy) The functional tissue of an organ as distinguished from the connective and supporting tissue.

պարենքիմ

functional part of an organ, as opposed to supporting tissue


riff

From Middle English *rif (found only in midrif), from Old English hrif (“the belly; womb”), from Proto-West Germanic *hrif, from Proto-Germanic *hrefaz (“body; torso; belly”), from Proto-Indo-European *krep- (“body”). Distant doublet of corpus, corpse, and corse.

inh

(anatomy, archaic) The belly; the bowels.