minister

Pijin: minista

→ Hausa: ministà

From Middle English ministre, from Old French ministre, from Latin minister (“an attendant, servant, assistant, a priest's assistant or other under official”), from minor (“less”) + -ter; see minor. Doublet of Minorite.

der

The minister said a prayer on behalf of the entire congregation.

(Protestantism) A person who is trained to preach, to perform religious ceremonies, and to afford pastoral care at a Protestant church.

predikant

person who is trained to perform religious ceremonies at a Protestant church


Arminian

Borrowed from Dutch arminiaan. Equivalent to Arminius + -an.

(Protestantism) A person who follows the soteriological doctrine of the Dutch theologian Jacobus Arminius that people are able to choose to resist or accept divine grace and therefore faith and salvation through free will.

arminiaan

follower the soteriological doctrine of Jacobus Arminius


Arminian

en-adj

Arminian (comparative more Arminian, superlative most Arminian)

more Arminian (comparative)
most Arminian (superlative)

(Protestantism) Of or relating to the soteriological doctrine of the Dutch theologian Jacobus Arminius.

arminiaans

relating to the soteriological doctrine of Jacobus Arminius


office

Tok Pisin: opis

→ Belarusian: о́фіс (ófis)

→ Bulgarian: о́фис (ófis)

→ Cebuano: opis

→ Chichewa: ofesi

→ Central Dusun: upis

→ Hindi: ऑफ़िस (ŏfis)

→ Iban: opis

→ Japanese: オフィス

→ Marshallese: wōpij

→ Malay: opis

→ Russian: о́фис (ófis)

→ Scottish Gaelic: oifis

→ Swahili: afisi

→ Tausug: upis

→ Ukrainian: о́фіс (ófis)

Microsoft Office
office (disambiguation)

From Middle English office, from Old French office, from Latin officium (“personal, official, or moral duty; official position; function; ceremony, esp. last rites”), contracted from opificium (“construction: the act of building or the thing built”), from opifex (“doer of work, craftsman”) + -ium (“-y”, forming actions), from op- (“work”) + -i- (connective) + -fex (combining form of faciō (“to do, to make”)).
The use in reference to office software is a genericization of various proprietary program suites, such as Microsoft Office.

zyrë

room(s) or building used for non-manual work

(religion) A ceremonial duty or service, particularly:

(Protestantism) Various prayers used with modification as a morning or evening service.


primer

US, irregular, but common; borrowed from Etymology 2

From Middle English primer, primere, from Medieval Latin primarius and primarium (“prayer book”) possibly via Anglo-Norman primer (“prayer book”), from prima (“prime the liturgical hour and office”) + -arius and -arium (suffix forming related objects). Its use for schoolbooks derived from the late medieval and early modern use of such prayer books to teach reading.

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="la">-arium</i> (suffix forming related objects).

Book of Common Prayer
Book of Common Prayer

(historical, Protestantism ecclesiastical) Any of various similar works issued in England for private prayer in accordance with the Book of Common Prayer.


pastor

pasta (Australia, New Zealand, Northern England)

From Middle English pastour, from Old French pastor (Modern French pasteur), from Latin pāstor.

(Protestantism) A minister or priest in a church.


gospel

en-noun

gospel (countable and uncountable, plural gospels)

→ Japanese: ゴスペル (gosuperu)

From Middle English gospel, gospell, godspel, godspell, goddspell, from Old English godspell (“gospel”), corresponding to God + spell (“talk, tale, story”), literally “the message of God”, believed to be an alteration of earlier *gōdspell (literally “good news”), used to translate ecclesiastical Latin bona annūntiātiō, itself a translation of Ecclesiastical Latin ēvangelium / Ancient Greek εὐαγγέλιον (euangélion, “evangel”, literally “good news”) (English evangel). Compare Old Saxon gōdspel and godspell (“gospel”), Old High German and Middle High German gotspel (“gospel”), Icelandic guðspjall (“gospel”), and the modern calque Malayalam സുവിശേഷം (suviśēṣaṁ).

der

(Protestantism) The teaching of Divine grace as distinguished from the Law or Divine commandments.


crusade

From French croisade, introduced into English (in the French spelling) by 1575. The modern spelling emerges c. 1760,. Middle French croisade is introduced in the 15th century, based on Spanish cruzada (late 14th century) and Old Occitan crozada (early 13th century), both reflecting Medieval Latin cruciāta, cruxiata, the feminine singular of the adjective cruciātus used as an abstract noun.
Adjectival cruciātus originally meant "tormented; crucified", but from the 12th century crucesignatus was also used for "marked with a cross; making the sign of the cross" and eventually "taking the cross" in the sense of "going on a crusade".
Old Occitan crozada is used in the sense "[the Albigensian] crusade" in the Song of the Albigensian crusade, written c. 1213. From vernacular usage, Middle Latin cruciāta also comes to be used in the sense "crusade" from about 1270.

The same period that has seen social and political crusades increasingly replace religious messages in the pulpits has seen a sharp 35 percent decline in membership of the mainline Protestant denominations associated with the National Council of Churches.

1994, Richard Nixon, “America Beyond Peace”, in Beyond Peace, New York: Random House, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 239:

(politics, Protestantism, dated) A mass gathering in a political campaign or during a religious revival effort.


filling

1903, William Edward Biederwolf, A Help to the Study of the Holy Spirit, James H. Earle & Company (publ.), page 100.
As learned Dr. Hodge has reminded us, any impartation of the Holy Spirit is a baptism, and certainly, apart from biblical phraseology, a filling with the Spirit may be called a baptism with the Spirit.

All these terms referencing the work of the Holy Spirit—coming upon, falling upon, being filled with the Holy Spirit, receiving the promise of the Father—can best be understood as synonymous with baptism in the Holy Spirit, with the key to understanding being “one baptism, many fillings.”

2011, Raymond F. Culpepper, Understanding the Ministry of the Holy Spirit, Pathway Press, page 33:

Other signs followed their subsequent fillings with the Holy Spirit, but the first filling was immediately followed by the speaking in other tongues.

2016, Zacharias Tanee Fomum, You Can Receive The Baptism Into The Holy Spirit Now, self-published:

(Protestantism) A religious experience attributed to the Holy Ghost "filling" a believer.


deacon

Inherited from Old English diacon, from Ecclesiastical Latin diāconus, from Ancient Greek διᾱ́κονος (diā́konos, “servant, minister”).

(Protestantism) Free Churches: A lay leader of a congregation who assists the pastor.

(Protestantism) Anglicanism: An ordained clergyperson usually serving a year prior to being ordained presbyter, though in some cases they remain a permanent deacon.

(Protestantism) Methodism: A separate office from that of minister, neither leading to the other; instead there is a permanent deaconate.


introit

PIE word
 *h₁én
From Late Middle English introite (“act of entering in or into, entrance; place of entrance”), borrowed from Anglo-Norman introït, introïte (“introit”), or from its etymon Latin introitus (“act of entering in or into, entrance; passage; place of entrance; (figuratively) beginning, introduction, prelude”), from introeō (“to enter, go in”) + -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs). Introeō is derived from intrō (“to enter, go into”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”)) + eō (“to go”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to go”)).

refn

From the collection of the Helsinki University Library in Helsinki, Finland.

der

(music, Christianity, chiefly Protestantism) Any piece of choral music, especially a setting of an anthem or a psalm, sung at the opening of a church service.

introit

composition of vocal music sung at the opening of a church service


Mariolatry

en-noun

Mariolatry (countable and uncountable, plural Mariolatries)

/ˌmɛːɹiˈɒlətɹi/

/ˌmɛɹiˈɑlətɹi/

From Latin Marīa or English Mary (“the Virgin Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ”) + -o- + -latry, modelled after idolatry. The English word is cognate with French mariolâtrie, Italian mariolatria, Late Latin mariolatria.

affix

For, though it were a knowen corruption, and therefore ſhould haue beene auoyded; yet [Robert] Bellarmine in muſtering vp the Fathers authorities, for proofe of the reading, ipſa (the beſt ground of their Mariolatrie) brings in [John] Chryſoſtom in the rereward.

1611, Thomas Iames [i.e., Thomas James], “The 32. Place Corrupted, in the 17. Homily of Chrys[ostom] vpon Gen[esis] To[me] 1. Pg. 97.”, in A Treatise of the Corrvption of Scripture, Councels, and Fathers, by the Prelats, Pastors, and Pillars of the Church of Rome, for Maintenance of Popery and Irreligion. […], London: Printed by H. L. for Mathew Lownes, →OCLC; republished London: Printed by H. L. for Mathew Lownes; […], 1612, →OCLC, part II (Corruption of the True Fathers), page 85:

Our great prophet has so ordered the revelation of God's will, and of the doctrines of life, that Christians have nothing to justify or excuse this Maryolatry,—this idolatrous exaltation of Mary.

1843, Alexander Viets Griswold, The Reformation: A Brief Exposition of Some of the Errors and Corruptions of the Church of Rome, Boston, Mass.: James B. Dow, publisher, →OCLC, page 87:

St. Bernard [of Clairvaux] was a champion of the Virgin, second only to S^(n.) Buonaventura, the Seraphic Doctor; and both advocated Mariolatry to its wildest extent, substituting her for the Father and the Redeemer.

1845, [Richard Ford], “Madrid”, in A Hand-book for Travellers in Spain, and Readers at Home. […], part II, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, section XI (The Castiles; Old and New), page 754, column 2:

[I]f this is the rational reverence of Protestantism,—it cannot be long before the ingenuity of our enemies compiles the annals of Bibliolatry, abounding, if not with sad impieties, yet with absurdities as numberless and as noxious as the thousand and one Mariolatries, with which our controversialists are armed.

1846 April, “Art. VIII.—The Annals of the English Bible, by Christopher Anderson. London: William Pickering. 1845. 2 vols. octavo. [book review]”, in Southern Quarterly Review, volume IX, number XVIII, Charleston, S.C.: Published for the proprietor, →OCLC, page 481:

[O]n the side of the regulation religion [...] can be cited at best the regimental psalmody of Mr. [Rudyard] Kipling, lyrist of trumpet and drum; the stained-glass Mariolatries of Mr. Francis Thompson; and the Godism of Mr. [William Ernest] Henley, whereat the prosaic godly look askance.

1899, John M[ackinnon] Robertson, “Freethought in the Nineteenth Century”, in A Short History of Freethought: Ancient and Modern, London: Swan Sonnenschein & Co. Ltd.; New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Co., →OCLC, part I (The Culture Forces), § 6 (Poetry and Fine Letters), paragraph 4, page 412:

Even historically, it is interesting to note, Roman Mariolatry now denies the very circumstances out of which it arose. [...] The second half of the 11th century theology is marked by two outstanding developments; one being the canonical declaration of Transubstantiation and the other being the rise of Mariolatry. Both of these were an attempt to express the saving presence of deity amongst men and directly available to men.

1954 April 4, Clinton H. Blake, “Gravest Heresy [letter]”, in Peter [Morton] Day, editor, The Living Church, volume CXXVIII, number 14, Milwaukee, Wis.: Church Literature Foundation, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3, column 1:

[I]t is understandable that Mariolatry has worked with unparalleled productivity in the history of piety without a sufficient historical basis and even to a great extent without an old tradition. In Mariolatry the church has not, as in Christology, pursued the inner logic of a historically given starting point, but has sought repeatedly to express its own essence in the figure of Mary.

1977, Wolfhart Pannenberg, “Jesus’ Divinity in Relation to the Father’s Divinity”, in Lewis L. Wilkins, Duane A. Priebe, transl., Jesus – God and Man, 2nd edition, Philadelphia, Pa.: The Westminster Press, →ISBN, part 1 (The Knowledge of Jesus’ Divinity), section II.2 (Virgin Birth and Incarnation), page 147:

In his Apologia Pro Vita Sua (1864, 176–8), [John Henry] Newman's great autobiographical account of his gradual conversion, he tells us that Catholic "Mariolatry," the emphasis that Catholics place upon Mary and Marian devotions, had always been one of his greatest stumbling blocks.

1989, Michael P. Carroll, “The Splintering of Religious Devotion in Catholicism”, in Catholic Cults and Devotions: A Psychological Inquiry, Kingston, Ont., Montreal, Que.: McGill–Queen’s University Press, →ISBN, page 166:

Such mounting departure from truth, as Maryolatry, was instrumental in causing Christianity to be eliminated from another important segment of the Christian world. [...] [T]he overburden of superstition, especially the Maryolatry, caused Christianity to be swept away from that great land [Russia] with the revolution.

1989, Rolland E. Wolfe, How the Easter Story Grew from Gospel to Gospel, Lewiston, N.Y., Queenston, Ont.: The Edward Mellen Press, →ISBN, page 240:

(Protestantism, derogatory) Adoration or veneration of the Virgin Mary to an extent regarded as inappropriate or even idolatrous.

mariolâtrie

adoration or veneration of the Virgin Mary to an extent regarded as inappropriate or even idolatrous


Brethren

Specific use of brethren as a semantic loan from German Brüder.

(Protestantism) Members of any congregation in the Anabaptist tradition of the Schwarzenau Brethren, practicing credobaptism and committed to nonresistance and nonviolence, some of whom may wear plain dress and shun modern technology.


Mariolater

(Protestantism, derogatory, religious slur) One who worships the Virgin Mary.


Seceder

(Protestantism, rare, can be derogatory) A member of the Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland.


Gomarist

(historical, Protestantism) A follower of Franciscus Gomarus, a 17th-century Dutch Calvinist who strongly opposed the Arminians; an adherent of orthodox Reformed soteriology in the Arminian controversy.


Stundism

(Protestantism) The beliefs and practices of the Stundists.


Kingdomtide

From kingdom + -tide, from the Festival of Christ the King that culminates the season.

(Protestantism) The period or season of the Christian church year between the seasons of Pentecost and Advent, or the second half of this period.


eradicationism

From eradication + -ism. Coined around 1900 by people from the circle of Dwight L. Moody.

The root error of eradicationism of the flesh has room to grow only in the false conception of "flesh," as a mere tendency to evil quite apart from the natural body.

1901 October, Cyrus Ingerson Scofield, “Biblical Notes and Queries”, in Record of Christian Work, volume 20, page 832:

(Protestantism, derogatory) Strict holiness; a radical, Wesleyan holiness teaching that considers that sin is or will be completely eliminated from true believers (originally used only by opponents)


Keswickism

(Protestantism, derogatory) The religious practices associated with the Keswick Convention, in particular the holiness doctrine that also asserts that full perfection in human life is prevented by sin.


Remonstrant

Borrowed from Dutch remonstrant, from Latin remōnstrāns.

(Protestantism, historical) A member of the Dutch Arminians whose divergence from Calvinism was expressed in five articles in the Remonstrance of 1610; subsequently a member of the liberal Protestant denomination that developed from this group.


free-willer

1614, John Robinson, Of Religious Communion Private, & Publique, “Of the Baptism of Infants,” p. 96[a],
Since all are by nature alike children of wrath, I would know of these free-willers, how some become the children of God, & beleevers, & some abyde vnder the wrath of God?

1675, Richard Baxter, Richard Baxter’s Catholick Theologie, London: Nevill Simmons, “Of Natural Corruption and Impotency, and Free-will,” The third Crimination, p. 125,
And is it not then a horrid shame, to hear honest people so seduced into Love-killing factious sidings by their Teachers, as that Boys and Women speak of wiser and better persons with disaffection and reproach, saying, O he is a Free-willer, or he holdeth Free-will, when they know not what they talk of: but are made believe that it is some monstrous impious Opinion, making a man almost an Heretick?

1779, Isaac Watts, undated letter to Enoch Watts, in Posthumous Works, London: T. Becket and J. Bew, Volume 2, p. 153,
There was one Pelagius of old, that invented several opinions about free-will, and against free-grace, those that followed him strictly were called Pelagians; those that allowed more to free-grace were called Semi-Pelagians, almost the same with modern Armenians, called also Remonstrants, and by the common people Free-willers. Their notions are, that God elects none to salvation but on the account of that faith he foresees in them.

1862, Philip Cater, Punch in the Pulpit, London: William Freeman, Letter 1, p. 19,
[…] let a man be deeply imbued with the spirit of hyper-calvinism, and he will treat those whom he deems mistaken brethren, with ridicule and contempt; he will call them “free-willers,” “duty-faith men,” &c.; he will give them all sorts of nicknames, and cover them with all sorts of religious abuse.

(historical, Protestantism, derogatory) A person belonging to a sect that rejected the doctrine of predestination.


Bullockite

(historical, Protestantism) A member of a faction of Free Will Baptists, founded by Jeremiah Bullock, which branched out to a small number of congregations in Maine and New Hampshire.


Buzzellite

(historical, Protestantism) A member of a faction of Free Will Baptists founded by John Buzzell.


anti-Remonstrant

(Protestantism, historical) One who opposed the Remonstrants.


Dissentism

The natural man will be carried away, and will flit about with the wind of every false doctrine. Protestantism may go over to Puseyism; Dissentism may go over to Congregationalism; and all may merge into Catholicism; but what of all that?

1851, Joseph Irons, Zion has nothing to fear from Popery, page 4:

Is it a second Church-of-England establishment, created out of the taxes, in order to strengthen the patronage of the executive power, according to its imaginary requirements, from the healthy growth of Protestant dissentism?

1859, William Chadwick, The Life and Times of Daniel Defoe, John Russell Smith, →ISBN, page 44:

The present study examines an aspect of Green's professional and political life that has been noted but never adequately explained by previous studies — namely, his philo-Dissentism.

2004, Denys Leighton, The Greenian Moment, Imprint Academic, →ISBN:

(historical, Protestantism) The beliefs or practices of the English Dissenters.