holocaust

The noun is derived from Middle English holocaust (“burnt offering”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman holocauste, Old French holocauste, olocauste (modern French holocaust), from Late Latin holocaustum, from Ancient Greek ὁλόκαυστον (holókauston), the neuter form of ὁλόκαυστος (holókaustos, “wholly burnt”), from ὅλος (hólos, “entire, whole”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *solh₂- (“whole”)) + καυστός (kaustós, “burnt”) (from καίω (kaíō, “to burn, burn up”); further etymology uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂w-).
The verb is derived from the noun. As regards verb sense 3 (“to subject (a group of people) to a holocaust”), compare the use of genocide as a verb.

ref

From Gerard Hoet (1728) Figures de la Bible, The Hague: Chez Pierre de Hondt, →OCLC.

inh

Oh! and with what a noble freeness on the contrary will not that good soldier, the worthy Spaniard present himself, who, wreathed with laurels, shall run after triumph to the altar of his august mother (his country), and offer up to her in holocaust, the arms and the banners of the vanquished foe; or else testify his bravery by his blood, and body all over glorious sears.

1808 August 6, “Spain. Proclamation to the Spanish warriors.”, in The Morning Chronicle, number 12,240, London: […] John Lambert […], →OCLC, page 2, column 3

Is it because the Grand Seignior [of Turkey] does not recognise the religion of Christ, or because himself and his predecessors have so long enjoyed the privilege of shedding Christian blood at their pleasure? […] Surely the memorable facts of our [Greek] forefathers having created the arts and sciences, and propagated Christianity, furnish no good reason why their descendants should be offered up as holocausts to modern legitimacy!

1821 August 8, The Morning Chronicle, number 16,319, London: […] D[avid] Robertson, […], →OCLC, page 2, column 3

(religion, also figuratively) A complete or large offering or sacrifice.

A horrible holocaust occurred near Hollow Rock, in Benton County, about 7 o'clock last night. The residence of William F. Flowers was consumed by fire.

1889 March 16, “All cremated alive: Horrible holocaust near Hollow Rock, Tenn.”, in The Daily American, volume XIV, number 4,571, Nashville, Tenn.: American Co., →OCLC, page 1, column 1

The hut was a holocaust; men fighting their way out howled and coughed on smoke.

1966, James Workman, The Mad Emperor, Sydney, N.S.W.: Scripts, →OCLC, page 151

Complete destruction by fire; also, the thing so destroyed.

a nuclear holocaust

Three hundred and twelve lives have been sacrificed in seven holocausts, which it would not be accurate to denominate "accidents," in the Lancashire coal fields, since November, 1868. […] [P]ractices are permitted to prevail in one coal-field which cannot be sanctioned by science, and are not be justified except in one sense, that the comfort of the whole people in the distribution of fuel, and the distribution of wages through manufactures, condone the calamity of the holocaust of three hundred and twelve lives. We refuse to believe that the British people will accept any such condonation for the slaughter of three hundred and odd of their fellow-countrymen.

1871 October 1, “Northumbrian” [pseudonym], “Human holocausts in mines”, in Reynolds’s Newspaper: A Weekly Journal of Politics, History, Literature, and General Intelligence, number 1,103, London: […] [F]or the proprietors, George W[illiam] M[acArthur] Reynolds, […], and John Dicks, […], by the said John Dicks, […], →OCLC, page 3, column 1

ANOTHER ARMENIAN HOLOCAUST; Five Villages Burned, Five Thousand Persons Made Homeless, and Anti-Christians Organized [article title]. […] The Daily News will to-morrow publish a dispatch from Kara, stating that fresh outrages have been perpetrated in the Erzinzian district.

1895 September 10, “Another Armenian holocaust: Five villages burned, five thousand persons made homeless, and anti-Christians organized”, in The New York Times, volume XLIV, number 13,745, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1, column 6

This trek, brought about by the startling recuperation of Turkey after her defeat in the World War and her subsequent triumph over the Greeks in Anatolia, eventually developed into a regulated Exchange of racial minorities, according to specific terms and under the supervision of the League of Nations. But the initial episodes of the Exchange drama were enacted to the accompaniment of the boom of cannon and the rattle of machine guns and with the settings painted by the flames of the Smyrna holocaust.

1925 November, Melville Chater, “History’s Greatest Trek: Tragedy Stalks through the Near East as Greece and Turkey Exchange Two Million of Their People”, in Gilbert Grosvenor, editor, National Geographic, volume XLVIII, number 5, Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society […], →ISSN, →OCLC, page 533, column 1

[T]he entire Press, more particularly the French press, is worried lest there be some connection between the bloodless holocaust of German Generals and Ambassadors and the persistent reports that [Benito] Mussolini is about to intervene in Spain on the grand scale.

1938 February 6, “Proteus” [pseudonym], “The changing scene [Help for Franco?]”, in Gershon Agronsky, editor, The Palestine Post, volume XIV, number 3567, Jerusalem: The Palestine Post, →OCLC, page 4, column 4

None will emerge the victor from this holocaust.

1953 December 22, Talbot Jennings, Jan Lustig, Noel Langley, Knights of the Round Table

They had discussed what the European response would be in the event of a Soviet invasion of Western Europe. President de Gaulle, according to the report, had said that the United States could not be counted on in such an emergency. He mentioned that the United States had been late in arriving in two world wars and that it had required the holocaust of Pearl Harbor to bring us into the latter.

1971, Lyndon Johnson, “"I feel like I have already been here a year"”, in The Vantage Point, Holt, Reinhart & Winston, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 23

Extensive destruction of a group of animals or (especially) people; a large-scale massacre or slaughter.

joukkotuho

extensive destruction of a group of animals or people — see also massacre, slaughter

Alternative letter-case form of Holocaust (“the systematic mass murder (democide or genocide) of Jews (and, more broadly, of disabled people, homosexuals, Romanis, Slavs, and others) perpetrated by Nazi Germany shortly before and during World War II”); hence, the state-sponsored mass murder of a particular group of people in society.


saddlebag

/ˈsædəlˌbæɡ/

(cycling, nonstandard, by extension) pannier


syrup

en-noun

syrup (countable and uncountable, plural syrups)

→ Hebrew: סירופ (siróp)

→ Japanese: シラップ (shirappu)

→ Korean: 시럽 (sireop)

→ Marshallese: jurub

→ Tsonga: sirapu

→ Welsh: surop, syrop, syrup

→ Zulu: isiraphu

From Middle English sirup, from Old French sirop, from Medieval Latin siruppus, syrupus, from Arabic شَرَاب (šarāb, “a drink, beverage, wine, coffee, syrup”), from شَرِبَ (šariba, “to drink”). Doublet of sirop. Related to sorbet, sherbet, sharbat.
Compare French sirop, Italian siroppo, sciroppo, Spanish jarabe, jarope, Portuguese xarope, and Dutch siroop and stroop.
The first known use of the spelling sirup was in the 14th century.

der

cough syrup

rose syrup (rosewater)


fillip

From Middle English filippen, philippe (“to flick or snap a finger against the thumb”); further origin uncertain, but probably imitative. See flip. It is not clear whether the verb is derived from the noun, or vice versa.

onomatopoeic

imitative

Now among the treasures in the palace of the Dragon King of the World Under the Sea were two jewels having wondrous power over the tides. [...] Whoever owned them had the power to make the tides instantly rise or fall at his word, to make the dry land appear, or the sea overwhelm it, in the fillip of a finger.

1880, William Elliot Griffis, Japanese Fairy World. Stories from the Wonder-lore of Japan, Schenectady, N.Y.: James H. Barhyte, →OCLC, pages 276–277

(by extension) Something unimportant, a trifle; also, the brief time it takes to flick one's finger (see noun sense 1); a jiffy.

This measure gave a fillip to the housing market.

The athlete’s victory provided a much-needed fillip for national pride.

Changes, however, such as we all require, must by no means be confused with fillips—artificial stimulants, which are bad for everybody. These last may be easily recognised and known for what they are, by their suddenness and violence, as well as by the temporary character of their effects.

1867 May 4, “Changes and Fillips”, in William, Robert Chambers, editors, Chambers’s Journal of Popular Literature, Science and Art, number 175 (4th series), London, Edinburgh: Printed and published by W. & R. Chambers […], →OCLC, page 274, column 1

Some branches [of the Wolverhampton iron and steel trade] are quiet, a few are slack, but generally they are, for the most part, well employed. The outlook cannot be so well gauged. It only requires a bit of a spurt to give a fillip to several branches, and these would stimulate the rest.

1903 July 10, “The Late Mr. James M. Gale”, in W[illiam] H[enry] Maw, J[ames] Dredge [Jr.], editors, Engineering: An Illustrated Weekly Journal, volume LXXVI, London: Offices for advertisements and publication—35 & 36, Bedford Street, Strand, W.C., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 62, column 1

The outline could apply to most of the self-effacing, increasingly inward-looking comedies written and directed by Hong Sang-soo, and it certainly describes "The Day He Arrives," an agreeably meandering exercise that brings some clever French New Wave fillips and structural repetitions to Hong's characteristically boozy party.

2011 May 25, Justin Chang, “The Day He Arrives [film review]”, in Variety, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-06-28

Labor has emerged victorious in critical byelection contests in Tasmania and Queensland in a significant fillip for the federal leader, Bill Shorten, boosting its primary vote in Longman and harvesting the lion’s share of preferences in Braddon.

2018 July 28, Katharine Murphy, “Super Saturday elections: Shorten passes test as Labor wins ‘four from four’”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-07-03

(by extension) Something that excites or stimulates.


fillip

en-verb

fillip (third-person singular simple present fillips, present participle filliping or (archaic) fillipping, simple past and past participle filliped or (archaic) fillipped)

fillips (present singular third-person)
filliping (participle present)
fillipping (archaic participle present)
filliped (participle past)
filliped (past)
fillipped (archaic participle past)
fillipped (archaic past)

onomatopoeic

imitative

Yet he obſerv'd how ſtill his Iron Balls / Recoyl'd in vain againſt our Oaken Walls. / How the hard Pellets fell away as dead, / By our inchanted Timber fillipped.

1697, John Denham, “Directions to a Painter”, in Poems on Affairs of State: From the Time of Oliver Cromwell, to the Abdication of K. James the Second. […], [London]: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 38

The use of the elastic switch to fillip small missiles with, and the remarkable elastic darts of the Pelew Islands, bent and made to fly by their own spring, indicate inventions which may have led to that of the bow, while the arrow is a miniature form of the javelin.

1871, Edward B[urnett] Tylor, “The Development of Culture”, in Primitive Culture: Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custom. … In Two Volumes, volume I, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, page 61

(transitive, by extension) To project quickly; to snap.

[I]t was almost, if not quite as fine in Napoleon, hitting the Frenchmen between wind and water, filliping their chivalry on the one hand, by absolutely disbelieving that so many would go about to kill one man, and catching their admiration of courage on the other, by affecting to consider them as too few to intimidate him: [...]

1839, A. M., “Part II”, in A Challenge to Phrenologists; or, Phrenology Tested by Reason and Facts, London: James S. Hodson, […], →OCLC, page 69

The most convenient pleximeter is the middle finger of the left hand, smoothly applied by its palmar surface on the part to be percussed. [...] The stroke is made, in most cases, with the tips of the two or three first fingers brought to a level, or with only a single finger. [...] Percussion may be strong or gentle; in the latter case, the stroke may be made by filliping gently upon the back of a single finger, or upon the nail. By gentle percussion, a sound is elicited whose character will depend on the condition of the wall, and of the parts immediately beneath it; whereas, when it is forcible, the deeper tissues will modify the result.

1852, Edward Ballard, “Percussion”, in The Physical Diagnosis of Diseases of the Abdomen, London: Taylor, Walton, and Maberley, […], →OCLC, part I (Method and General Results of Physical Examination), paragraph 49, pages 41–42

He [Ishi] combed and brushed his hair daily. He washed it frequently, drying it by filliping it and beating it with a small stick as it hung in the sunlight.

1981, Saxton T[emple] Pope, “Ishi’s Death”, in Robert F[leming] Heizer, Theodora Kroeber, editors, Ishi the Last Yahi: A Documentary History, 1st paperback edition, Berkeley, Los Angeles, Calif., London: University of California Press, page 228

(transitive, by extension) To strike or tap smartly.


parental love

(by extension) Love which is similar to parental love.


pedophile

From pedo- (“child”) + -phile, after Ancient Greek παιδοφῐ́λης (paidophílēs) (from παῖς (paîs, “boy, child”) + φιλέω (philéō, “I love”)).

com

(by extension, common use) An adult who is sexually attracted to or engages in sexual acts with a child.

pedofil

an adult who is sexually attracted to children


biro

en-noun

biro (countable and uncountable, plural biros)

Genericized trademark of BIRO, named after László Bíró, the inventor of the ballpoint pen.

Massimo's finger was poised above red on his multi-coloured biro like a kangaroo frozen in headlights.

2007, Karen Foxlee, The Anatomy of Wings, page 250

(by extension, UK, Commonwealth, Ireland) Any ballpoint pen.

‘My very creative 2-year-old son used my good friend′s white polyester Roman blinds as a canvas,’ says Jacqui. They′re now covered in blue biro. And although my friend isn′t too bothered by the biro, I am! Can you help?′

2011, Shannon Lush, Jennifer Fleming, Completely Spotless, unnumbered page

(uncountable, by extension) Ink from a ballpoint pen.


rabid

en-adj

rabid (comparative rabider, superlative rabidest)

rabider (comparative)
rabidest (superlative)

From the Latin rabidus, from rabiō (“to rave”).

(by extension) Furious; raging; extremely violent.


troll

Partly:
* from Middle English trol (“demon (?); sorcerer (?)”) [and other forms], from Old Norse trǫll (“conjurer, mage; witch”), from Proto-Germanic *truzlą (“supernatural being; demon, fiend; giant; monster”), probably from *trudaną (“to step on; to tread”) + *-ilą (suffix forming agent nouns); and
* borrowed from Norwegian Bokmål troll, Swedish troll, or Danish trold, from Old Norse trǫll (see above).
Doublet of droll and trow.
cognates
* Danish fortrylle (“to bewitch”), trylle (“to conjure”)
* Icelandic tröll
* Middle High German trol, trolle (“spook, wraith; ogre, monster”)
* Norwegian fortrylle (“to bewitch”), trylle (“to conjure”)
* Swedish trolla (“to conjure”)

der

(derogatory, informal) A company, person, etc., that owns and legally enforces copyrights, patents, trademarks, or other intellectual property rights in an aggressive and opportunistic manner, often with no intention of commercially exploiting the subjects of the rights.

intellectual property
intellectual property

trolli

company, person, etc., that owns and legally enforces intellectual property rights in an aggressive and opportunistic manner

The way Torchie had talked about him, I expected him to be some kind of troll. But he could have passed for one of those actors who makes a couple of movies, gets real popular with the girls for a year or two, and then vanishes from sight. He had that kind of face.

1999, David Lubar, “Taking the Tour”, in Hidden Talents (A Tor Book), New York, N.Y.: Tom Doherty Associates, page 17

In this work, the abject object—a sculpture of a fat, hairy woman—is heartbreakingly comforted by a text that claims the artist's love and desire to protect the 'ugly' troll.

2009, Judy Chicago, Sarah Quinton, Allyson Mitchell, Jenni Sorkin, When Women Rule the World: Judy Chicago in Thread: […], Toronto, Ont.: Textile Museum of Canada, page 96

She sulked as we returned downstairs, her own more colorful clothes stuffed into her bright green shoulder bag. / "I just wish I didn't have to dress like such a troll." / "Troll? Impossible. I'm wearing beige and do I look like a troll?" / "Since you asked—"

2010, Linda Francis Lee, chapter 13, in The Devil in the Junior League, New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, page 116

Edwin Baer was an ugly troll of a man. He stood just about five feet, six inches and maybe weighed 140 pounds soaking wet.

2012 August 29, James Classi, “Round Three”, in Heatseeker, Bloomington, Ind.: AuthorHouse, page 26

(derogatory, slang) An ugly or unpleasant person.

(astronomy, meteorology) An optical ejection from the top of the electrically active core region of a thunderstorm that is red in colour that seems to occur after tendrils of vigorous sprites extend downward towards cloudtops.


troll

en-verb

troll (third-person singular simple present trolls, present participle trolling, simple past and past participle trolled)

trolls (present singular third-person)
trolling (participle present)
trolled (participle past)
trolled (past)
troll (infinitive)

Spanish: trolear

table
The verb is derived from Late Middle English trollen, trolle (“to go about, wander; to move (something) to and fro, rock; to roll; to turn”) [and other forms], from Old French troller, trôler (“to run here and there; to walk aimlessly, ramble, stroll; (hunting) to wander about looking for game”) (modern French troller); further etymology uncertain, possibly related to Middle High German trollen (“to stroll”) (modern German trollen (“(informal) to move slowly, trundle; to push off, toddle off”)), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *truzlōną (“to lumber”), which is probably related to *trudaną (“to step on, tread”) (see further at etymology 1). Doublet of trull.
Verb sense 4.2.2 (“to fish using a line and bait or lures trailed behind a boat”) is possibly influenced by trail and/or trawl
The noun is probably derived from the verb. Noun sense 3 (“person who makes or posts inflammatory or insincere statements in an attempt to lure others into combative argument”) is possibly influenced by troll (etymology 1).
cognates
* Middle Low German drullen (“to stroll”) (Low German trullen (“to troll”))

laulaa vuoroin

(transitive, intransitive) to sing the parts of (a catch, round, or similar song) in succession

laulella

to sing (a song) freely or in a carefree way, or loudly

tokaista

(transitive, intransitive) to say (something) lightly and quickly

kalastama

(transitive, intransitive) to fish in (a place) using a running fishing line

Many people have been trolling me due to my activism, but I don't let it get to me.

No one who spoke to Al Jazeera seemed surprised that 54 percent of girls had suffered some form of online harassment. […] Internet psychologist Graham Jones offers some explanations as to the mentality of people who troll online. In an email to Al Jazeera he explained that some forms of trolling could be unintentional.

2013 December 24, Philippa H Stewart, “Online feminists are taking on the trolls”, in Al Jazeera English, archived from the original on 2021-01-23

Although many media outlets were being trolled by Chinese accounts well before 2020, "the main campaign appears to have picked up steam around mid-March as a loose network of Twitter accounts designed to mimic and harass Western media", according to the Institute's researchers Elise Thomas and Albert Zang.

2020 April 23, Chris Zappone, “Pro-China trolls fake accounts to hound foreign media over coronavirus”, in The Sydney Morning Herald, Sydney, NSW: Nine Entertainment, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-07-07

Bullying tactics such as trolling are used to reinforce power dynamics and keep females quiet and complacent with timeworn traditions. And while I could spend hours typing up elaborate responses to each Tweet, I have only two words for men who try to use my religion to justify misogyny: "mute" and "block."

2021 November 8, Hafsa Lodi, “I was trolled by pro-Taliban extremists after writing about Muslim feminism”, in Business Insider, New York, N.Y.: Insider Inc., →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-04-07

Senses relating to "fishing" for a reaction.

(by extension) To persistently harass someone over the Internet.

The actress was widely trolled online after accidentally revealing that she didn't know the names of the continents.

We like to troll, we like to go the night before one of their primaries, we just, we do a little trolling, it's called we do a little trolling.

2020 March 2, Donald Trump, President Trump Rally in Charlotte, North Carolina, via C-SPAN

Cristiano Ronaldo's dislike of dessert has been trolled by a former teammate. ¶ Ben Foster proudly showed off his apple crumble, having joked that he was skipping dessert.

2021 September 22, Sam Cooper, “An old teammate of Cristiano Ronaldo's trolled his dislike of dessert by scoffing a giant pudding on his YouTube channel”, in Business Insider, New York, N.Y.: Insider Inc., →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-04-07

Taylor Swift, who could've been crowned the queen of pranks in the early years of her career, is finding out what it feels like to be on the other side of a little onstage trolling.

2024 March 11, Sammi Burke, “See One of Taylor Swift's Dancers Troll Her on Stage During '22'”, in Parade, New York, N.Y.: The Arena Group, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-04-07

(by extension, colloquial) To prank, tease, or mess with someone in a lighthearted way.


troll

Spanish: trol

(by extension, politics) A person who sows discord, or spreads misinformation or propaganda, in order to promote an agenda as part of an organized political campaign.


iPod

Coined (and trademarked) by Apple, from i- + pod, suggesting a small place to keep things. Inspired by the space shuttles in 2001: A Space Odyssey and the quote, "Open the pod bay doors, Hal."

(by extension) Any portable personal MP3 player or similar device.


Wonder Woman

Chicago Comic & Entertainment Expo
DC Comics
William Moulton Marston

From wonder + woman. The character, created by William Moulton Marston (1893–1947) and Harry George Peter (1880–1958), first appeared in DC Comics’ All Star Comics #8 dated December 1941.

In 1 Samuel 25, there is a great example of a guy who had a Wonder Woman 31 but failed to value her wisdom. This rich, stupid husband was Nabal, and his wife's name was Abigail.

2007, Jess MacCallum, I Married Wonder Woman… Now What?: A Superhero's Guide for Leading and Loving the Proverbs 31 Wife, Cincinnati, Oh.: Standard Publishing, page 84

"I am working for our local 'Maternal Health Center' clinic," she [Olive Byrne] wrote to Margaret Sanger, "and am most amused when they speak of you. Somehow they think you are a contemporary of Florence Nightingale." It was as if Sanger had lived in another century, a Wonder Woman of History.

2014, Jill Lepore, “Love for All”, in The Secret History of Wonder Woman, New York, N.Y.: Alfred A. Knopf

(by extension of the proper noun) A woman of extraordinary powers; a superwoman.


pivot

From Middle English pevet, *pivot, from Old French pivot (“hinge pin, pivot”) (12th c.), possibly from Latin pūgiō.

(figuratively, by extension) Something or someone having a paramount significance in a certain situation.

առանցք

something having a paramount significance


marble

en-verb

marble (third-person singular simple present marbles, present participle marbling, simple past and past participle marbled)

marbles (present singular third-person)
marbling (participle present)
marbled (participle past)
marbled (past)

From Middle English marble, marbre, from Anglo-Norman and Old French marbre, from Latin marmor, from Ancient Greek μάρμαρος (mármaros), perhaps related to μαρμάρεος (marmáreos, “gleaming”). Much of the early classical marble came from the 'Marmaris' sea above the Aegean. The forms from French replaced Old English marma, which had previously been borrowed from Latin.

xaspiar

to cause to have the streaked appearance of marble

marmoroitua

to get the streaked appearance of marble

Was he the reason for the bitterness that seemed to marble her character?

1993, Susan Napier, Winter of Dreams, page 52

'Nobody who has been to war ever talks about it,' he says. But then he does talk, and generously, mining his memory and following the vein of a life marbled with experience: 'I mean, I am in my nineties; […]'

2004, Scott Bevan, Battle Lines: Australian Artists at War

(by extension, figurative) To lace or be laced throughout.


freefall

/ˈfɹiːˌfɔːl/

As civil war continues in Iraq, the U.S. president's approval ratings are in freefall.

House prices were in freefall, if you owned one.

Passenger numbers in freefall as UK battles COVID-19

Even with the economy in free fall, demand for cheap, cute clothes persisted.

2021 February 6, Rachel Monroe, “Ultra-fast Fashion Is Eating the World”, in The Atlantic

(by extension) The state of worsening out of control.


break new ground

break new ground (third-person singular simple present breaks new ground, present participle breaking new ground, simple past broke new ground, past participle broken new ground)

breaks new ground (present singular third-person)
breaking new ground (participle present)
broke new ground (past)
broken new ground (participle past)

One of the Birmingham R.C.W. diesel multiple-units on the Calder Valley service broke new ground on August 12 when it was enployed for a works excursion from Halifax to Windermere, [...].

1962 October, “Motive Power Miscellany: London Midland Region: Central Lines”, in Modern Railways, page 280

Some of these things were possible to do with earlier A.I. models. But OpenAI has broken new ground, too. According to the company, GPT-4 is more capable and accurate than the original ChatGPT, and it performs astonishingly well on a variety of tests […]

2023 March 15, Kevin Roose, “GPT-4 Is Exciting and Scary”, in The New York Times

(by extension) To initiate a new venture, especially something never before attempted; to advance or innovate.


ostracize

ostracize (third-person singular simple present ostracizes, present participle ostracizing, simple past and past participle ostracized)

ostracizes (present singular third-person)
ostracizing (participle present)
ostracized (participle past)
ostracized (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-ostracize.wav

From Ancient Greek ὀστρακίζω (ostrakízō, “to banish from a city by ostracism”), from ὄστρᾰκον (óstrakon, “earthenware vessel; fragment of such a vessel, potsherd”) (from the fact that when voting was held to decide whether to banish people, their names were inscribed on potsherds) + -ῐ́ζω (-ízō, suffix forming verbs)). The English word is cognate with French ostraciser.

refn

From the collection of the Goulandris Museum of Cycladic Art in Athens, Greece.

der

You then moſt Noble Equivocations and Alluſions, whom Rhetorick would Oſtraciſe, ſeek Revenge for your Baniſhment; [...]

1704, [Antoine Furetière], “Bombast’s Speech to His Army”, in The Rebellion: Or, An Account of the Late Civil-wars, in the Kingdom of Eloquence, London: Printed [for John Nutt ...], →OCLC, page 48

The inflexible advocate[s] of the people's rights, were either expelled the Senate Chamber, ostracised, or immolated on the reeking altars of patriotism, by the encrimsoned sword of slaughtering persecution.

1811 July 4, Henry A[lexander] S[cammell] Dearborn, An Oration, Pronounced at Boston, on the Fourth Day of July, 1811, before the Supreme Executive and in the Presence of the Bunker-Hill Association, Boston, Mass.: Printed by Munroe & French, printer to the state, →OCLC, pages 4–5

[O]thers may wonder at the mawkish taste of a community which, instead of ostracising such a palpable charlatan at once, attended and praised all that he had to say!

1841, Anthony Grumbler [pseudonym; David Hoffman], chapter VII, in Miscellaneous Thoughts on Men, Manners, and Things, Baltimore, Md.: Published by Plaskitt & Cugle, →OCLC, page 179

No party worthy of the name will submit, permanently, to any regime which ostracises its best men and selects the worst, which has become an epidemic condition of party politics, and may take off most of what is worth recognizing in the pride of our boasted institutions.

1852 August, “Death of Henry Clay: The Convention System”, in Democratic Review, volume II, number II (New Series; volume XXXI, number CLXX, overall), New York, N.Y.: Published at the office of the Democratic Review, […], →OCLC, page 151, column 1

Fashion not only sustains bad writers, but ostracizes and banishes good ones. [William] Shakespeare's writings were popular while he lived, but almost forgotten for two centuries after his death.

1860 January, “Art IX.—Ancient and Modern Art and Literature.”, in J[ames] D[unwoody] B[rownson] De Bow, editor, De Bow’s Review and Industrial Resources, Statistics, etc.: […], volume III (New Series; volume XXVIII overall), number I, New Orleans, La., Washington, D.C.: [J. D. B. De Bow], →OCLC, page 83

Q. Have you any knowledge aside from your own case of their socially ostracizing a man?—A. There are almost a dozen in this room, I guess, that I know of; perhaps a dozen.

1877 January 13, [Francis] Kernan (questioner), Edward Howard (witness), Mississippi. Testimony as to Denial of Elective Franchise in Mississippi, at the Elections of 1875 and 1876, […] (The Miscellaneous Documents of the Senate of the United States for the Second Session of the Forty-forth Congress; volume III, number 45), Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 22

Our honest and conservative financiers should frown upon and ostracize these black sheep, whether they are cornering the wheat market or manipulating prices on the Stock Exchange by wash sales and otherwise, or promoting a Shipyard Trust, or playing profitably with the surplus funds of a life insurance company.

1905 May 4, “Financials: The Fall of [F. G.] Bigelow”, in Henry Chandler Bowen, editor, The Independent, volume LVIII, number 2944, New York, N.Y.: The Independent, […], →OCLC, page 1030, column 2

I long to be one with the birds and trees and with the green earth. The call comes to me from the air to sing, but, wretched creature that I am, I lecture—and by doing it, I ostracise myself from this great world of songs to which I was born.

1921 March 18, Rabindranath Tagore, “New York, March 18, 1921”, in C[harles] F[reer] A[ndrews], editor, Letters from Abroad, Madras, Tamil Nadu: S. Ganesan publisher, […], published 1924, →OCLC, page 86

[T]raditions such as the bouquet toss and the "singles" table at the wedding reception often marginalize and ostracize lesbians and gays in attendance.

2003, Cele C. Otnes, Elizabeth Hafkin Pleck, “Romance, Magic, Memory, and Perfection”, in Cinderella Dreams: The Allure of the Lavish Wedding (Life Passages), Berkeley, Los Angeles, Calif., London: University of California Press, page 22

Ostracism can be observed from an early age, and continues throughout the life-cycle. Children ostracize other children in the playground, choosing carefully who they wish to play with. Adults ostracize other adults, such as marriage partners using the silent treatment.

2007, Kipling D. Williams, Jonathan Gerber, “Ostracism: The Making of the Ignored and Excluded Mind”, in Petra Hauf, Friedrich Försterling, editors, Making Minds: The Shaping of Human Minds through Social Context (Benjamins Current Topics; 4), Amsterdam, Philadelphia, Pa.: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISSN, page 132

[A] traditional chief attended our Human Rights Defenders Forum in Atlanta and then returned home to discover that a local soldier had raped a fourteen-year-old girl. The chief personally found the soldier, tied him to a chair, and waited for the police to arrive and arrest him. He then used his influence to prevent anyone from condemning or ostracizing the girl. The benefits from this kind of bold action have been proven in Malawi, Senegal, Liberia, Ghana, and other African countries.

2015 March, Jimmy Carter, “The Road to Progress”, in A Call to Action: Women, Religion, Violence, and Power, New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks, page 195

A common practice by established parties in liberal democracies that often accompanies delegitimisation efforts is ostracising a challenger party. In this book's first chapter we have defined ostracising a party as systematically ruling out all political cooperation with that party [...].

2018, Joost van Spanje, “Pariah Parties: Established Parties’ Systematic Boycotting of Other Parties”, in Controlling the Electoral Marketplace: How Established Parties Ward off Competition (Political Campaigning and Communication), Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, Springer Nature, →DOI, pages 37–38

(by extension) To exclude a person from a community or from society by not communicating with them or by refusing to acknowledge their presence; to refuse to associate with or talk to; to shun.

放逐

to exclude a person from a community or from society by not communicating with them or by refusing to acknowledge their presence


raisin

en-verb

raisin (third-person singular simple present raisins, present participle raisining, simple past and past participle raisined)

raisins (present singular third-person)
raisining (participle present)
raisined (participle past)
raisined (past)

From Middle English raysyn, borrowed from Anglo-Norman reysin (“grape, raisin”), from Late Latin racīmus, from Latin racēmus. Possibly a distant cognate of Persian رز (raz, “vine”). Doublet of raceme.

It was ground out solemnly in the academies, the University, the press, raisined with scholarly arguments quoted from the French physiocrats and positivists, in French, of course.

2010, Anita Brenner, The Wind that Swept Mexico

While Mother raisined our oatmeal with niacin tablets and wheatgermed our milk, Opal baked us sugar cakes and sugar cookies, deep-fried us sugar doughnuts.

2011, The Georgia Review - Volume 65, page 219

I find it helpful to imagine the world as a fullness of varying density, not as a vacuum raisined with corpuscles but as a plenum instead.

2019, Stephanie Strickland, Ringing the Changes, page 93

(by extension, transitive) To distribute throughout (with small bits or things), to dot or pepper.


diagnose

diagnose (third-person singular simple present diagnoses, present participle diagnosing, simple past and past participle diagnosed)

diagnoses (present singular third-person)
diagnosing (participle present)
diagnosed (participle past)
diagnosed (past)

/ˈdʌɪ.əɡˌnəʊz/

/ˌdʌɪ.əɡˈnəʊz/

Back-formation from diagnosis. Compare also sclerose (verb).

But in the early days of the scheme the new machines created some problems for the fitters, who found them over-complex and their faults hard to diagnose after many years' experience of small, simple steam locomotives.

1962 October, M. J. Wilson, “Three years of dieselisation at Devons Road depot”, in Modern Railways, pages 262, 264

Mechanics use this extremely portable tool to diagnose engine faults, clear fault codes, and export data.

2002, John J. Schiavone, Training for On-board Bus Electronics, page 19

(by extension) To determine the cause of a problem.


trip

From Middle English trippen (“tread or step lightly and nimbly, skip, dance”), perhaps from Old French triper (“to hop or dance around, strike with the feet”), from a Frankish source; or alternatively from Middle Dutch trippen (“to skip, trip, hop, stamp, trample”) (> Modern Dutch trippelen (“to toddle, patter, trip”)). Akin to Middle Low German trippen ( > Danish trippe (“to trip”), Swedish trippa (“to mince, trip”)), West Frisian tripje (“to toddle, trip”), German trippeln (“to scurry”), Old English treppan (“to trample, tread”). Related also to trap, tramp.

cog

ego trip

power trip

nostalgia trip

guilt trip

Many of them admit to having suppressed any tendency toward homosexual behavior for the greater part of their lives—yet—denial becomes too heavy a trip after a period of time, and eventually curiosity wins out.

1974 April 13, Heather Anderson, “Hustling”, in Gay Community News, page 2

(by extension) Intense involvement in or enjoyment of a condition.

trippi

intense involvement in or enjoyment of a condition


cutting edge

The company prides itself for staying at the cutting edge of technology.

Looking far from overawed throughout, they frequently took the game to the visitors, but it was Saints' lack of a cutting edge and United's superior finishing that proved the difference in the end.

2011 January 29, Ian Hughes, “Southampton 1 - 2 Man Utd”, in BBC

Creating the incentives for new ideas to be introduced, through competitions like this one, allows the UK's railway to stay at the cutting edge of technology.

2019 November 6, “Network News”, in Rail, page 23

(idiomatic, by extension, often with "on the") The forefront, or position of greatest advancement in some field.


good morning

/ˌɡʊd ˈmɔːnɪŋ/

/ˌɡʊd ˈmɔɹnɪŋ/

From Middle English gud mornynge (also as goode morne, gode morne), from Old English *gōdne morgen (“good morning”), an ellipsis for an expression such as "I wish you a good morning", equivalent to good + morning. Compare West Frisian goeie moarn, Dutch goedemorgen, German guten Morgen, Danish god morgen, Swedish god morgon, Icelandic góðan morgunn.

inh

Up at the crack of dusk! Good morning!

(by extension, humorous) Used to greet someone who has just awakened (irrespective of the time of day).

You're just realizing that now? Good morning!

(by extension, informal) Said to someone who has come to a belated realization.


variety

en-noun

variety (countable and uncountable, plural varieties)

From Middle French varieté (“variety”) (modern French variété (“variety; genre, type”)) or directly from its etymon Latin varietās (“difference; diversity, variety”) + English -ty (suffix forming abstract nouns from adjectives). Varietās is derived from varius (“different, diverse, various; variegated”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁weh₂- (“to abandon; to give out; to leave”)) + -tās (suffix forming feminine abstract nouns indicating a state of being). The English word displaced the native Old English mislīcnes.
Sense 1.3.2 (“total number of distinct states of a system; logarithm to the base 2 of the total number of distinct states of a system”) was coined by the English psychiatrist William Ross Ashby (1903–1972) in his work An Introduction to Cybernetics (1956).
cognates
* Galician variedade (“variety”)
* Italian varietà (“difference; variety”)
* Portuguese variedade (“variety”)
* Spanish variedad (“breed; variety”)

der

(biology, loosely) An animal or plant (or a group of such animals or plants) with characteristics causing it to differ from other animals or plants of the same species; a strain or cultivar.

Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum is a variety of Capsicum annuum commonly known as chiltepin or Indian pepper.

(botany, taxonomy) A rank in a taxonomic classification below species and (if present) subspecies, and above form; hence, an organism of that rank.


African-American

[ˈæfɹʷɪkən əˈmɛɹʷɪkən]

Patterned on forms such as Irish-American, popularized by Jesse Jackson and in common use since the late 1980s.

(US, broadly, proscribed, sometimes offensive) Any black American person; by extension, any black person.


African-American

en-adj

African-American (comparative more African-American, superlative most African-American)

more African-American (comparative)
most African-American (superlative)

[ˈæfɹʷɪkən əˈmɛɹʷɪkən]

(US, broadly, proscribed, sometimes offensive, of a person) Black.


logo

What about including a CD of your music or a copy of your audio logo/jingle in your promotional items […]

2011, James Hammond, Branding Your Business

(by extension) An audio recording for the same purpose; a jingle.


conversely

At 123 yards, Royal Troon's par-3 eighth in the shortest hole in the Open Championship rota. Known as the "Postage Stamp," the eighth's distance has produced plenty of aces – most recently, Ernie Els in 2004, but Gene Sarazen's hole-in-one remains the benchmark, as the Squire accomplished said feat at 71 years old. Conversely, the hole is not a walk in the park.

2016 July 12, Joel Beall, “Watch Rory McIlroy Make a 9 at Royal Troon’s Postage Stamp”, in Golf Digest, archived from the original on 2016-11-15

So the issue of unification only comes up when the geometry can no longer be treated as a mere background, or conversely, when the classical theory is no longer accurate. But these circumstances exist (as far as we know) in only two places: the earliest moments of the Big Bang, and the immediate vicinity of singularities hidden behind black hole event horizons.

2017 April 13, Viktor T. Toth, “Why Do General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics Need to be Unified?”, in Forbes, archived from the original on 2018-11-06

We live in a time when roughly half of the jobs in 2020 are not yet known to us, and conversely, half of the jobs today will be extinct.

2017 April 17, Derrick Chang, “What skills does Singapore need for the future economy?”, in Today, archived from the original on 2017-04-17

[R]abbits, as it turns out, are rather like children. You can read all the books you want, but you have no idea how much trouble they are – or, conversely, how cute they can be – before you actually plunge in at the deep end.

2017 July 8, James Baldock, “17 things no one tells you before you get a rabbit”, in Metro, archived from the original on 2018-09-26

(conjunctive, loosely) From another point of view; on the other hand.


blasphemy

en-noun

blasphemy (countable and uncountable, plural blasphemies)

From Middle English blasfemye, from Old French blasfemie, from Ecclesiastical Latin blasphēmia, from Ancient Greek βλασφημία (blasphēmía, “profanity”), from βλασφημέω (blasphēméō, “to slander”).

der

Some historical information is given on the Panormo family of guitar makers and a whole chapter is called, "Maccaferri's 'Monstrosity'," the name given Julian's Maccaferri guitar due to the blasphemy of its having more than six strings, […]

1999, American Lutherie: The Quarterly Journal of the Guild of American Luthiers

The market has responded well to this type of packaging [wine in cardboard containers], even if some consider it near blasphemy, and it has had a role in bringing wine to the younger generation and to social classes intimidated by the high price of many bottled products.

2004, Touring Club of Italy, The Italian Wine Guide: The Definitive Guide to Touring, Sourcing and Tasting, Touring Editore, page 149

I know this is utter blasphemy and completely incomprehensible to developers and power users who love their keyboard shortcuts, but some people just love having buttons on their screens with the exact name of their function written on them.

2015, Benjamin V. Root, Interactive Applications Using Matplotlib, Packt Publishing Ltd, page 89

(by extension) An act of irreverence towards anything considered inviolable; the act of disregarding a convention.


item

From Middle English item, from Latin item (“also; in the same manner”). The present English meaning derives from a usage in lists, where the first entry would begin in primis (“firstly”) or imprimis, and the other entries with item (“also, moreover”). Later, the members of lists were referred to as "items".

(by extension, video games) An object that can be picked up for later use.

寶物

video games: object that can be picked up for later use


fundamentalism

en-noun

fundamentalism (countable and uncountable, plural fundamentalisms)

From fundamental + -ism. Started being used in the 1910s by American Christians.
:* Colin Woodard (2011) chapter 24, in American nations:
"Christian fundamentalism appeared in North America in reaction to the liberal theologies that were becoming dominant in the northern nations. It took its name from The Fundamentals, a twelve-volume attack on liberal theology, evolution, atheism, socialism, Mormons, Catholics, Christian Scientists, and Jehovah’s Witnesses written by Appalachian Baptist preacher A. C. Dixon.”

Recent books by philosopher Roger Scruton (1999, 2000) and music educator Robert Walker (2007) may be interpreted as a last desperate gasp of this form of musical fundamentalism or neoconservativism—the kind that tells the masses what is "good for them" on the grounds that they lack adequate bases for judgments on their own […]

2009, Thomas A. Regelski, J. Terry Gates, Music Education for Changing Times: Guiding Visions for Practice

(by extension) A rigid conformity to any set of basic tenets.


render

en-verb

render (third-person singular simple present renders, present participle rendering, simple past and past participle rendered)

renders (present singular third-person)
rendering (participle present)
rendered (participle past)
rendered (past)

→ Dutch: renderen

From Middle English renderen, rendren, from Old French rendre (“render, give back”), from Late Latin rendere, from Latin reddere (“make, give back”).

uitsmelten

convert animal fat into liquid form or into a usable byproduct

(transitive, art, by extension) To apply realistic coloring and shading.


text

en-noun

text (countable and uncountable, plural texts)

From Middle English text, from Old French texte (“text”), from Medieval Latin textus (“the Scriptures, text, treatise”), from Latin textus (“style or texture of a work”), perfect passive participle of texō (“I weave”). Cognate to English texture.

der

(by extension) Anything chosen as the subject of an argument, literary composition, etc.


if and only if

(by extension, informal) Synonym of if (with added intensity)


callow

en-adj

callow (comparative callower or more callow, superlative callowest or most callow)

callower (comparative)
more callow (comparative)
callowest (superlative)
most callow (superlative)

From Middle English calwe (“bald”), from Old English calu (“bare, bald, callow”), from Proto-West Germanic *kalu, from Proto-Germanic *kalwaz (“bare, naked, bald”), from Proto-Indo-European *gel(H)wo- (“bare, naked, bald”). Cognate with West Frisian keal (“bald”), Dutch kaal (“bald”), German Low German kahl (“bald”), German kahl (“bald”), Swedish kal and kalka (“bald”), Russian го́лый (gólyj, “bare, naked, nude”).
Compare similar meaning and similar sounding Latin calvus (“bald”), Finnish kalju (“bald”), Persian کل (kal), and Sanskrit कुल्व (kulvá), which despite close resemblance to the Germanic and Slavic terms are probably false cognates with them, due to Grimm's law.

cog

callow bee

(by extension, life-cycle developmental stage) Newly emerged or hatched, juvenile.

Those three young men are particularly callow youths.

The restless scrolling, the clammy self-reproach afterwards … we could recognise that as addiction quite easily, but the mathematical mechanism for having created it makes horrible sense (Lanier isn’t that interested in culprits, though he finds all of Silicon Valley pretty callow).

2018 May 30, Zoe Williams, “Ten Arguments for Deleting Your Social Media Accounts Right Now by Jaron Lanier – review”, in The Guardian

Barça had frozen. Alexander-Arnold saw it, caught Divok Origi’s eyes and pinged the perfect cross for a double-take of a winning goal. This was a 20-year-old local lad, product of down the road, out-thinking Barcelona, making them look like callow, pigeon-chested schoolboys.

2019 May 8, Barney Ronay, “Liverpool’s waves of red fury and recklessness end in joyous bedlam”, in The Guardian

(by extension) Immature, lacking in life experience.


RIP

Learned borrowing from Latin RIP (requiescat in pace) and an initialism of rest in peace.

RIP Vine. Only real ones remember.

A couple of locally owned restaurants I enjoyed in my town didn't survive covid. RIP the one Indian food place within 100 miles.

2022 October 24, u/5hrs4hrs3hrs2hrs1mor, “What is something that disappeared after the pandemic?”, in Reddit, r/AskReddit, archived from the original on 2024-06-29

Damn my stream was lit lol rip to my twitch days YouTube here I come

2022 October 27, @cblu80, Twitter, archived from the original on 2024-06-29

rip lol [in response to a Twitch streamer getting banned]

2024 May 6, @TweetFrmPkmn, Twitter, archived from the original on 2024-06-29

Damn, RIP my original Ipad, the one that this journey started on. You will be missed 😔

2024 May 26, @ArkNemesis5, Twitter, archived from the original on 2024-06-29

requiescat in pace
requiescat in pace#English

requiescant in pace
requiescant in pace#English

Initialism of requiescat in pace, requiescant in pace, and rest in peace (a blessing or expression of hope that a deceased person is at peace).

(informal, loosely, often ironic) Expressing disappointment at the fact that someone or something has come to an end or gone away.

I applied to dozens of companies and didn't get a single job offer, RIP.

Oops I slipped and posted some of my art rip

2022 February 7, @Bakunawaart, Twitter, archived from the original on 2024-06-29

rip I forgot it was orktober (it is always orktober to me) but here's a bear gorkanaut from my bear/duck themed bad moonz army. Happy orktober 2nd

2022 October 2, @BDClownFarm, Twitter, archived from the original on 2024-06-29

I said I was loving Unicorn Overlord and that it reminded me of Ogre Battle and Matsuno told me this lol rip

2024 March 13, @statesminds, Twitter, archived from the original on 2024-06-29

(slang, loosely) Expressing mild disappointment or embarrassment.


half-mast

(by extension) The lowered position of any thing.


aureole

/ˈɔː.ɹiː.əʊl/

From Middle English aureole, from Old French aureole, from Medieval Latin aureola (corona) ("golden (crown)").

It was a lean Jewish face, with a great fuzzy aureole of white hair and a small goatee beard […]

1949, George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four, Part One, Chapter 1

The dust of the road and his long, wiry hair made aureoles of red about him in the westering light […]

1972, Ursula K. Le Guin, chapter 6, in The Farthest Shore, Atheneum Books

(by extension) Any luminous or colored ring that encircles something.


sow one's wild oats

en-verb

sow one's wild oats (third-person singular simple present sows one's wild oats, present participle sowing one's wild oats, simple past sowed one's wild oats, past participle sown one's wild oats or sowed one's wild oats)

sows one's wild oats (present singular third-person)
sowing one's wild oats (participle present)
sowed one's wild oats (past)
sown one's wild oats (participle past)
sowed one's wild oats (participle past)

From being a typical useless or counterproductive occupation (wild oats is a weed, and would not be sown).

løbe hornene af sig

to spend a period of one's youth behaving irresponsibly

“A nun advising a young woman to leave the convent and explore the world, the subtext being to sow her wild oats—well, it was more outrageous than any graphic scenes,” he had said.

2022, Ling Ma, “Office Hours”, in Bliss Montage, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux

(by extension, of a male or female) To engage in premarital or extramarital flings.

(by extension, of a male or female) To have numerous sexual partners.

(by extension, often of young adults or the recently divorced) To indulge in a period of irresponsible behavior.


contagion

en-noun

contagion (countable and uncountable, plural contagions)

From Middle English (late 14th century), from Old French, from Latin contāgiō (“a touching, contact, contagion”) related to contingō (“touch closely”).

der

(figuratively, by extension) The spread of anything likened to a contagious disease.

The passing on of manners or behaviour through a closed community or household.

And it was German procrastination that aggravated the Greek crisis and caused the contagion that turned it into an existential crisis for Europe.

2011, George Soros, Project Syndicate, Germany Must Defend the Euro

(finance) The spread of (initially small) shocks, which initially affect only a few financial institutions or a particular region of an economy, to other financial sectors and other countries whose economies were previously healthy.

leviäminen

finance: situation in which a shock spreads


hood

From Middle English hood, hod, from Old English hōd, from Proto-Germanic *hōdaz (cognate with Saterland Frisian Houd, West Frisian/Dutch hoed, German Low German Hood, German Hut). Cognate with Proto-Iranian *xawdaH (“hat”) (compare Avestan 𐬑𐬂𐬛𐬀 (xåda), Old Persian 𐎧𐎢𐎭 (x-u-d /xaudā/)), from Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to cover”). More at hat.

kapuç

covering for the head attached to a larger garment such as a jacket or cloak

Like many captains, I was just as glad to leave engineering to the engineers. Looking under the ship's hood wasn't what interested me.

2004, D. Michael Abrashoff, Get Your Ship Together: How Great Leaders Inspire Ownership From The Keel Up, Penguin

I never see the pilot percolating coffee or the attendant with a screwdriver under the airplane's hood. Why? Because we all have something we are good at, and we are expected to do that one thing well.

2015, Max Lucado, Let the Journey Begin: Finding God's Best for Your Life, Thomas Nelson, page 71

(by extension, especially in the phrase "under the hood") A cover over the engine, driving machinery or inner workings of something.


tip

Late Middle English tippen, possibly from North Germanic/Scandinavian (compare Swedish tippa (“to topple over”)), or a special use of Etymology 1.

(UK, Australia, New Zealand, by extension) A recycling centre.


wheelchair

→ Persian: ویلچر (vilčer)

To build the wheelchair, Dale Ryder attached wheels from a toy plane to an axle that fits over Mrs. T’s shell.

2020 March 1, Gabe Bergado, “Watch this tortoise zip around town in a giant wheelchair”, in The Daily Dot

(by extension) Any device involving wheels designed to assist a non-human animal with locomotion.


apartheid

en-noun

apartheid (countable and uncountable, plural apartheids)

Borrowed from Afrikaans apartheid (literally “separateness, apartness”) (1929 in a South African socio-political context), from Afrikaans apart (“separate”) + suffix -heid, cognate of English -hood.

bor

The 1973 Apartheid Convention conferred universal jurisdiction to the state signatories to prosecute those who commit apartheid.

When the doors of a business are open to the public, they must be open to all regardless of race if apartheid is not to become engrained in our public […] .

1963, Justice William O. Douglas, concurring, Lombard v. Louisiana (373 U.S. 267)

Jim Crow miscegenation laws enforced apartheid in marriage.

2006 March 3, Leslie Feinberg, “Civil rights leaders were gay-baited, red-baited”, in Workers World

(by extension) Any similar policy of racial separation/segregation and discrimination, particularly when in favor of a minority rule.

Fifteen minutes drive to the Brown Trout was guaranteed to satisfy my appetite because there, as with other clubs and hotel bars, a form of sex apartheid was practised. The males assembled in the region of the bar and the opposite gender either sat discreetly detached or strayed outside to gossip gaily among themselves.

2008, Peter Hewitt, Kenya Cowboy: A Police Officer's Account of the Mau Mau Emergency, page 64

In these annual reports, the religious apartheid practices in India are not mentioned at all.

2009, Moorthy Muthuswamy, Defeating Political Islam: The New Cold War, page 120

(by extension) A policy or situation of segregation based on some specified attribute.


unkempt

en-adj

unkempt (comparative more unkempt, superlative most unkempt)

more unkempt (comparative)
most unkempt (superlative)

From earlier unkembed, unkemmed, from Middle English unkempt (“uncombed”), equivalent to un- + kempt. Compare Old Norse úkembdr (uncombed; unkempt"; > Icelandic ókembdur), German ungekämmt (“unkempt”), Dutch ongekamd. More at kemb.

gloss

uncombed; unkempt"; > Icelandic <i class="Latn mention" lang="is">ókembdur</i>

unkempt bedroom

(by extension) Disorderly; untidy; messy; not kept up.


slog

en-noun

slog (countable and uncountable, plural slogs)

Probably a variation of slug (“to hit very hard”) or slough.
Possibly related to slag, seen in the North Germanic languages, in association with the third verb and second noun definition.

It is as if Mr. Faulks had bled his own prose white, draining it of emotion in order to capture the endless enervating slog of war.

1996 February 11, Michael Gorra, “Tunnel Vision”, in The New York Times

England's experimental line-up will have realised early on that this would be a long, hard slog against the multi-talented Brazilians with great strength in their starting line-up and on the bench.

2017 November 14, Phil McNulty, “England 0 – 0 Brazil”, in BBC Sport

There, despite the long slog of the pandemic and all the distracting dramas at headquarters, the schools themselves have mostly kept it together.

2022 February 12, Danny Westneat, “The reason voters see past the terrible headlines with Seattle schools”, in The Seattle Times

(countable, uncountable, chiefly British, Australia and Canada, by extension) A hard, persistent effort, session of work, or period.


slog

en-verb

slog (third-person singular simple present slogs, present participle slogging, simple past and past participle slogged)

slogs (present singular third-person)
slogging (participle present)
slogged (participle past)
slogged (past)

(intransitive, by extension) To work slowly and deliberately at a tedious task.

бъхтя се

to work slowly and deliberately at a tedious task


seaweed

en-noun

seaweed (usually uncountable, plural seaweeds)

With light penetrating to the lake bottom, beds of seaweed flourished where little had grown before.

1995, Dan McCosh, “Aliens among us”, in Popular Science, page 94

(by extension) Any of various fresh water plants and algae.


ivy

ivy (countable and uncountable, plural ivies)

From Middle English ivi, from Old English īfiġ, from Proto-West Germanic *ibig, *ibag, *ibah, from Proto-Germanic *ibahs (compare West Flemish iefte, Low German Eiloov, Ieloof, German Efeu), from Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)ebʰ- (compare Welsh efwr (“black elder”), Ancient Greek ἴφυον (íphuon, “spike-lavender, Lavandula Spica”)).

German ivy

Delairea odorata and Senecio mikanioides

(by extension) Any similar plant of any genus.


pram

(colloquial, loosely) A pushchair; a buggy.


remove

From Middle English removen, from Anglo-Norman remover, removeir, from Old French remouvoir, from Latin removēre, from re- + movēre (“to move”), equivalent to re- + move. Displaced native Old English āfierran.

(figurative, by extension) Emotional distance or indifference.

The fact that one structure applied in the rainy season and another in the dry allowed Nambikwara chiefs to view their own social arrangements at one remove: to see them as not simply “given”, in the natural order of things, but as something at least partially open to human intervention.

2021 October 19, David Graeber, David Wengrowr, “Unfreezing the ice age: the truth about humanity’s deep past”, in The Guardian, UK

(figurative, by extension) State of mind allowing for a certain degree of objectivity in evaluating things.


megatsunami

en-noun

megatsunami (plural megatsunamis or megatsunami)

megatsunamis (plural)
megatsunami (plural)

/ˌmɛɡəsuːˈnɑːmi/


threshold

lintel

antonym(s) of “bottom-most part of a doorway”

/ˈθɹɛʃ(h)əʊld/

[ˈθɹɛʃ(h)ɒʊɫd]

From Middle English threschwolde, threscholde, from Old English þresċold, þerxold, þrexwold (“doorsill, entryway”), from Proto-Germanic *þreskudlaz, *þreskūþlijaz, *þreskwaþluz, from Proto-Germanic *þreskaną, *þreskwaną (“to thresh”), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, turn”).
Cognate with Low German Drüssel (“threshold”), dialectal German Drischaufel, Drissufle, Trüschübel (“threshold”), Danish tærskel (“threshold”), Norwegian terskel (“threshold”), Swedish tröskel (“threshold”), dialectal Swedish träskvald (“threshold”), Icelandic þröskuldur (“threshold”).

der

(by extension) An entrance; the door or gate of a house.


precision

en-noun

precision (countable and uncountable, plural precisions)

/pɹɪˈsɪʒ.ən/

[pɹɪˈsɪʒ.n̩]

tarkkuus

the consistency of a number in a linear equation

Near-synonyms: exactitude, exactness; accuracy

(broadly) The state of being precise or exact; especially, both exact and accurate.

точност

the state of being precise or exact; exactness


blockhole

(by extension) The approximate place where the toe of the bat touches the pitch when a batsman is taking guard.


seduce

en-verb

seduce (third-person singular simple present seduces, present participle seducing, simple past and past participle seduced)

seduces (present singular third-person)
seducing (participle present)
seduced (participle past)
seduced (past)

Borrowed from Latin sēdūcō (“to lead apart or astray”), from sē- (“aside, away, astray”) + dūcō (“to lead”); see duct. Compare adduce, conduce, deduce, etc. and Middle English seduct.

bor

He had repeatedly seduced the girl in his car, hotels and his home.

(by extension, transitive, euphemistic) To have sexual intercourse with.


cetacean

en-adj

cetacean (comparative more cetacean, superlative most cetacean)

more cetacean (comparative)
most cetacean (superlative)

From translingual Cetacea, from Latin cētus (“whale”), + -an.

The obese woman, ungainly on land, moved with a kind of cetacean grace in the water.

(by extension, sometimes figurative) Resembling or relating to large aquatic mammals.


handwriting

en-noun

handwriting (usually uncountable, plural handwritings)

And, my friend believes, Armedov is getting paid by...? Yes, our friends at Langley! CIA handwriting all over it, he reckons!

2013, Chris Payne, High Crimes And Low Stakes: Chris Payne, page 259

The show needs to portray the designer's handwriting but it should also be innovative too.

2016, Nilgin Yusuf, Fashion's Front Line, page 112

(by extension) A characteristic trait or hallmark by which somebody may be recognised.


Balkanization

Balkanization (countable and uncountable, plural Balkanizations)

From Balkan + -ization. The term is a reference to the conflicts that the Balkan peninsula experienced in the 20th century.

demographic balkanization

Issues that are already hotly contested become even more divisive in the context of social balkanization.

2002, Carol M. Swain, The New White Nationalism in America, Cambridge University Press, page 94

In other words, will the biometric future feature biometric centralization whereby one biometric would dominate multiple applications, or will we see biometric balkanization where multiple biometrics are used for multiple applications?

2006, Anil K. Jain, Ruud Bolle, Sharath Pankanti, Biometrics: Personal Identification in Networked Society, Springer Science & Business Media, page 401

(by extension, informal) Any disintegration or fragmentation process.


refrigerate

en-verb

refrigerate (third-person singular simple present refrigerates, present participle refrigerating, simple past and past participle refrigerated)

refrigerates (present singular third-person)
refrigerating (participle present)
refrigerated (participle past)
refrigerated (past)

/ɹɪˈfɹɪd͡ʒəɹeɪt/

From participle stem of Latin refrigerō (“to make cold”), from re- + frigerō.

Persons born in winter are, so to say, of a cold and frosty disposition and can thereby exert a refrigerating influence on the temperature of the air.

1900, James George Frazer, The Golden Bough, volume 2, page 104

(transitive, obsolete in general sense) To make (someone or something) cool; to cool down.


dome

Borrowed from Middle French dome, domme (modern French dôme), from Italian duomo, from Latin domus (ecclesiae) (literally “house (of the church)”), a calque of Ancient Greek οἶκος τῆς ἐκκλησίας (oîkos tês ekklēsías). Doublet of domus and duomo.

cal

οἶκος τῆς ἐκκλησίας

a cake dome

lava dome

The heatwave, caused by what meteorologists described as a dome of high pressure, extends from California up through areas in Canada’s Arctic territories and was worsened by the human-caused climate crisis.

2021 June 29, Gabrielle Canon, “Historic heatwave, extreme drought and wildfires plague North American west”, in The Guardian

(by extension) Anything shaped like an upset bowl, often used as a cover.

steam dome

(by extension) Any erection resembling the dome or cupola of a building, such as the upper part of a furnace, the vertical steam chamber on the top of a boiler, etc.


magnum

I know what you're thinking. "Did he fire six shots or only five?" Well, to tell you the truth, in all this excitement, I've kinda lost track myself. But, being as this is a .44 magnum, the most powerful handgun in the world, and would blow your head clean off, you've got to ask yourself one question: "Do I feel lucky?" Well, do ya, punk?

1971, Harry Julian Fink et al., Dirty Harry, spoken by Harry Callahan (Clint Eastwood)

(by extension) A handgun that fires a cartridge of this calibre; chiefly a revolver, but rarely an autoloader firing an unusually powerful calibre.


Bollywood

Urduwood

Mumbai-based Hindi-language film industry

(abroad, by extension) The cinema of India in general, no matter the region.


helm

The noun is derived from Middle English helm, helme (“tiller of a ship”), from Old English helma (“helm, tiller”), from Proto-Germanic *helmô (“handle; helm, tiller”), either from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”) or from the same source as haulm and helm (“bentgrass, straw”) (see below), Proto-Indo-European *ḱélh₂-m(on)- (“reed, hollow stalk”), one form of which then developed a specialized meaning “handle” in Germanic.
The verb is derived from the noun.
cognates
* German Holm (“beam”)
* Old Norse hjálm

m+

(nautical) The use of a helm (sense 1); also, the amount of space through which a helm is turned.

ruorin käyttö

use of a helm; amount of space through which a helm is turned

(nautical) The member of a vessel's crew in charge of steering the vessel; a helmsman or helmswoman.

рулявы́

member of a vessel’s crew in charge of steering the vessel — see also helmsman, helmswoman

Something used to control or steer; also (obsolete), a handle of a tool or weapon; a haft, a helve.


helm

From Middle English helm (“helmet; crown of thorns of Jesus; warrior; inn or shop sign”) [and other forms], from Old English helm (“helmet”), from Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz (“protective covering”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelmos, from the root *ḱel- (“to cover”). Doublet of heaume and related to helmet.
cognates
* Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms)
* Old Frisian helm (West Frisian helm)
* Old High German helm (Middle High German helm, modern German Helm; Italian elmo; Old French helme, modern French heaume; Spanish yelmo)
* Old Norse hjalmr (Danish hjelm, Norwegian hjelm, Swedish hjelm)
* Old Saxon helm (Low German Helm, Middle Dutch helm, modern Dutch helm)

inh

(Northern England) A shelter for cattle or other farm animals; a hemmel, a shed.

(Northern England (Cumberland, Westmorland)) A heavy cloud lying on the brow of a mountain, especially one associated with a storm.

myrskypilvi

(except British, dialectal) The crown or top of something.

(alchemy, chemistry) The upper part or cap of an alembic or retort.


ambit

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-ambit.wav

From Late Middle English ambyte, borrowed from Latin ambitus (“circuit; circumference, perimeter; area within a perimeter; ground around a building; cycle, orbit, revolution”) (compare Late Latin ambitus (“neighbourhood; wall of a castle, monastery, or town; cloister; parish boundary”)), from ambīre + -tus (suffix forming verbal nouns from verbs). Ambīre is the present active infinitive of ambiō (“to go around, to skirt; to encircle, surround”), from ambi- (“prefix meaning ‘both, on both sides’”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ent- (“front; face; forehead”)) + eō (“to go, move”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to go”)). The English word is a doublet of ambitus.

der

The extent of actions, thoughts, or the meaning of words, etc.

The area or sphere of control and influence of something.


eye candy

From eye + candy. Early-1980’s US TV and advertising jargon, perhaps influenced by earlier nose candy (“cocaine”).

DirectX 10 promises an almost obscene step up in the level of eye candy you can expect from an A-list game, which is the great news. The bad news is, you'll need a new videocard to get those gorgeous graphics.

(by extension) Any object or sight with considerable visual appeal.


Meaco

Borrowed from Japanese 都 (miyako, “capital”) , as the city was formerly the capital of Japan.

(by extension) The entire island of Honshu, of which it was the capital.


blueprint

From blue + print.
Introduced by Sir John Herschel in 1842.

(architecture, engineering, by extension) A detailed technical drawing (now often in some electronically storable and transmissible form).

Ain't got no blueprint, just a purpose and a wrecking ball!

2018, Jhariah Clare (lyrics and music), “City of Ashes”, in The Great Tale of How I Ruined it All

This demonstrated serious intent, and the result is a report that should be a blueprint for subsequent assessments when road schemes are being put forward.

2020 December 2, Christian Wolmar, “Wales offers us a glimpse of an integrated transport strategy”, in Rail, page 56

(informal, by extension) Any detailed plan, whether literal or figurative.


harvest

en-noun

harvest (countable and uncountable, plural harvests)

From Middle English harvest, hervest, from Old English hærfest (“autumn, harvest-time; August”), from Proto-West Germanic *harbist, from Proto-Germanic *harbistaz (“harvest-time, autumn, fall”), from *harbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *kerp-.
Cognates:
Cognate with Sylt North Frisian Hārefst, West Frisian hjerst, Dutch herfst, German Herbst, German Low German Harvst, Danish and Norwegian Bokmål høst, Norwegian Nynorsk haust; further with Latin carpere (“to seize”), Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós, “fruit”), κείρω (keírō, “to cut off”).

inh

The surveillance mission yielded a healthy harvest of intel.

the harvest of a quiet eye

1815, William Wordsworth, A Poet's Epitaph

(by extension) The product or result of any exertion or course of action; reward or consequences.


rhubarb

en-noun

rhubarb (countable and uncountable, plural rhubarbs)

Attributed to the circa 1852 practice by the theatre company of English actor Charles Kean (1811–1868) at the Princess’s Theatre, London, of actors saying the word rhubarb repetitively to mimic the sound of indistinct conversation, the word having been chosen because it does not have harsh-sounding consonants or clear vowels.
The baseball senses are said to have been coined by the American sports writer Garry Schumacher and popularized by the American baseball commentator Red Barber (1908–1992). Barber also claimed to have started using the word in the 1940s, based on the practice in “early radio dramas” (presumably in the US, circa 1930) of actors repetitively voicing rhubarb. However, unlike the UK usage, he felt the practice applied to muttering by an angry mob, and so applied the word to arguments on the baseball field where he could not distinguish the words.

MADAME JOURDAIN: No, it’s all complete rhubarb. MONSIEUR JOURDAIN: Dara dara bastonnara! He begins to dance and chant. MADAME JOURDAIN: Don’t think that’s going to make things any clearer.

1992, Moliere, translated by Nick Dear, Le Bourgeous Gentilhomme: A New Version by Nick Dear, U.K: Bloomsbury Publishing, page 70

On my second day in the market garden our group spent all day moving empty rhubarb boxes to one side of a courtyard and all afternoon moving them back again. ‘Makes a change from talking rhubarb in the House of Commons I expect,’ said one of my fellow labourers.

2005, Jonathan Aitken, “Difficult days at Stanford Hill”, in Porridge and Passion, U.K: Continuum International Publishing Group, page 97

People’s minds really serve up a lobar of rhubarb with the inner dialogue they tell themselves.

2009, Michael-ji-ji Mouseman the III, “We the damned”, in Ratology: Way of the Un-damned, Australia: Ladder to the Moon Publications (T/a Vital Aqua), page 68

Boris Johnson has dismissed new evidence that he ordered the controversial evacuation of dogs and cats from Afghanistan for Pen Farthing’s Nowzad charity as “total rhubarb”…The PM doubled down on Thursday when asked if he had helped to get animals out, telling reporters: “No, that is…this whole thing is total rhubarb”.

2022 January 28, Jon Stone, “‘Total rhubarb’: Boris Johnson again denies he ordered Afghan animal airlift as fresh emails emerge”, in Independent

(UK, uncountable, by extension) Nonsense; false utterance.

But damned if it don't seem like killin' him would stir up an even bigger political rhubarb. I mean, it ain't like nobody'd have to be told who did it.

1973, Matthew Braun, El Paso, New York, N.Y.: St. Martin's Paperbacks, published July 1999, page 142

(US, originally baseball, by extension, countable) A brawl.


dilly bag

From Yagara dili (“coarse grass; small fibre bag or basket”).

bor

The woman carried two small battered suitcases, fastened with rope, and a plastic dilly bag; the man carried only a scent of garlic.

1968, Geoffrey Blainey, Across a Red World, page 132

She handed him a slip of paper with the address of her uncle′s property in Penrith an outlying suburb of Sydney and he tucked it into his dilly bag to record in his diary for safekeeping.

2008, Doug Wakeling, Curse the Bells, page 164

(Australia, by extension) Any similar loose bag with a large strap, normally made of soft cloth.


raft

Late Middle English, of North Germanic origin, from West Old Norse raptr, from Proto-Germanic *raf-tra-, from Proto-Indo-European *rap-tro-, from *rep- (“stake, beam”). See also Norwegian raft (“beam, rafter”), Danish raft (“thin pole”). Compare also Albanian trap (“raft, ferry”).

When George Stephenson built the Liverpool & Manchester Railway he encountered the same difficulty at Chat Moss and solved the problem by constructing a kind of raft made of brushwood that more or less floated on the surface of the bog. On this he placed as much firm soil as his raft could carry, when the operation was repeated, the first raft being thereby sunk with its load of solid earth, which was not displaced.

1934 February, G. W. Tripp, “How Nature Harasses the Railway”, in Railway Magazine, page 79

Even though in a way you let him freeze to death in the water, because the way I see it...
I agree. Y'know, I think he actually could have fitted on that bit of door.
There was plenty of room on the raft.
I know. I know, I know.

2016 February 2, Kate Winslet et al., Jimmy Kimmel Live!

(by extension) Any flattish thing, usually wooden, used in a similar fashion.


poteen

en-noun

poteen (countable and uncountable, plural poteens)

From Irish poitín (“little pot; poteen”), from pota (“pot”) (from Middle English potte, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *budn- (“type of vessel”)) + -ín (“suffix forming diminutives”).

der

Kildrumferton … Pop. 9,687 […] There are nine licensed public houses; poteens many more. Illicit distillation prevails to a very great extent, the district being rarely visited by the revenue police, not indeed for years past; the presence of the excise officer in a neighbouring town is the only check.

1836, “Supplement to Appendix (E.): Answers to Questions Circulated by the Commissioners Relative to the Condition of Agricultural Labourers in Ireland”, in Poor Inquiry (Ireland). Appendix (E.) Containing Baronial Examinations Relative to Food, Cottages and Cabins, Clothing and Furniture, Pawnbroking and Savings’ Banks, Drinking; and Supplement, Containing Answers to Questions 13 to 22 Circulated by the Commissioners. Presented to Both Houses of Parliament by Command of His Majesty (Reports from Commissioners: Fifteen Volumes; 11 (Poor Laws (Ireland): Appendix (E.): Session 4 February – 20 August 1836)), volume XXXII, London: Printed by W[illiam] Clowes and Sons, Stamford Street, for His Majesty’s Stationery Office, →OCLC, ULSTER—County Cavan—Baronies Castleraghan, Loughtee Upper [table], page 294

The whisky shops and poteens of Scotland and Ireland, the gin-palaces and beer-shops of England, are an incubus that is dwarfing the good in every section of the community, and forcing out the evil.

[1875], M[ary] A[nna] Paull, “The Tenpenny Nail”, in St. Mungo’s Curse; or, The Crippled Singer of the Saltmarket, Manchester: Tubbs and Brook, 11, Market Street; London: Simpkin, Marshall & Co.; F. Pitman, →OCLC, page 11

(Ireland, countable, by extension) An unlicensed drinking establishment selling illegally produced Irish whiskey.


shoulder

en-verb

shoulder (third-person singular simple present shoulders, present participle shouldering, simple past and past participle shouldered)

shoulders (present singular third-person)
shouldering (participle present)
shouldered (participle past)
shouldered (past)

From Middle English schuldre, sholder, shulder, schulder, from Old English sculdra, sculdor (“shoulder”), from Proto-West Germanic *skuldru (“shoulder”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *skelduz (“shield”), see shield. Cognate with Old Frisian skuldere (“shoulder”) (West Frisian skouder (“shoulder”)), Middle Low German scholder (“shoulder”), Low German Schuller (“shoulder”), Dutch schouder (“shoulder”), German Schulter (“shoulder”).

inh

He shouldered me out of my own band.

(transitive, by extension) To bully, manipulate or pull rank on (somebody).


beast of burden

en-noun

beast of burden (plural beasts of burden)

(by extension) Any domesticated animal trained to perform tasks for humans, such as a herding dog or trained falcon.


boomer

I'm going to be a boomer by the time this thing is over.

(by extension, slang, sometimes derogatory) An elderly person, regardless of generation.

I'm such a boomer; I have no idea how to use this phone.

(by extension, slang, sometimes derogatory) A person who is too old to be familiar with the use of recent technology.


cathedral

Ellipsis of cathedral church, from Middle English chirche cathederall, cathedrall chirch, calque of Late Latin ecclēsia cathedrālis (“church having a bishop's seat”), from Latin ecclēsia + cathedrālis. Displaced Old English hēafodċiriċe (literally “main church, head church”).

ncog

(loosely or informally) A large or important church building.


close of play

In fact, in our global financial institution, close of play was taken to be 1615 EST with all subsequent trades going on to the next day

2005, Karin Knorr-Cetina, Alex Preda, “Managing Dispersed”, in The sociology of financial markets, page 246

Ask yourself this question: If you delegate, will the task be done: [...] Sooner (completing the task earlier, e.g. this project will finish close of play Thursday if I delegate; if I do not, close of play Friday)

2006, Martin Richardson, “Delegation and Coaching”, in The People Management Clinic: Answers to Your Most Frequently Asked Questions, page 120

Your mother can be buried at the Smolensky graveyard on Vadilevsky, which is, I understand, in accordance with her wishes. That’s official as of close of play today.

(by extension) The end of the working day.


bogeyman

/ˈbəʊ.ɡɪˌmæn/

Before the Internet it was television. And, if not that, it was radio, films, or games. All have taken their turn as the popular bogeyman, blighting the minds of the young.

2013, Frances Booth, The Distraction Trap

(by extension) Any make-believe threat, especially one used to intimidate or distract.


emporium

Borrowed from Latin emporium (“trading station; business district in a city; market town”), from Ancient Greek ἐμπόριον (empórion, “factory, trading station; market”), from ἔμπορος (émporos, “merchant, trader; traveller”) + -ιον (-ion, suffix forming nouns). ἔμπορος is derived from ἐμ- (em-) (variant of ἐν- (en-, prefix meaning ‘in; within’)) + πόρος (póros, “journey; passageway”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to go through; to carry forth”)), modelled after ἐν πόρῳ (en pórōi, “at sea; en route”).
Sense 4 (“the brain”) alludes to the organ as the place where many nerves or nerve impulses meet.

der

Catalepſy is occaſioned by a Relaxation of the Fibers of the Emporium, which cannot receive the outward Impreſſions, whereby the Soul has its Senſations, and yet give a free Paſſage to the Animal Spirits into all the Parts, whither they may be conveyed independently upon the Will. The Relaxation of the Fibers of the Emporium is occaſioned by a thin Seroſity, which remains in the very Texture of the Fibers, to relax them without leſſening their Cavity, as it happens in the periodical Oedema’s, that are daily obſerved upon ſeveral Parts of the Skin.

1722, [Antoine] Deidier, “Article XL. An Account of an Extraordinary Disease, Inscribed to Dr. Deidier, Regius Professor of Physick at Montpellier; with His Thoughts upon that Disease.”, in [Michel de La Roche], editor, Memoirs of Literature. […], 2nd edition, volume III, London: […] R. Knaplock, […]; and P. Vaillant, […], →OCLC, page 197

Observing, then that the emporium or brain itself reflects the entire product of all the senses by an impressible power, which, as by a looking-glass, exactly duplicated the external recognizers, or sense apparatus or limbs, it was inferred that the principle of duplication must be the true and exact counterpart to evergency; [...]

1877, Richard Fawcett Battye, “Upon Animal Morphology and Differentiation”, in What is Vital Force?: Or, A Short and Comprehensive Sketch, including, Vital Physics, Animal Morphology, and Epidemics; […], London: Trübner & Co., […], →OCLC, section IV (The Sense of Sight), page 136


wash up

en-verb

wash up (third-person singular simple present washes up, present participle washing up, simple past and past participle washed up)

washes up (present singular third-person)
washing up (participle present)
washed up (participle past)
washed up (past)

Ron Asheton also washed up in LA, jamming with one-time Stooge Jimmy Recca and Amboy Dukes drummer K. J. Knight.

2009, Joe Ambrose, Gimme Danger: The Story of Iggy Pop

(intransitive, by extension) To arrive in a place; to end up somewhere.


sarcophagus

en-noun

sarcophagus (plural sarcophagi or sarcophaguses or (rare) sarcophagusses)

sarcophagi (plural)
sarcophaguses (plural)
sarcophagusses (plural rare)

/sɑːˈkɒfəɡəs/

/sɑɹˈkɑfəɡəs/

/sɑːˈkɒfəɡaɪ/

/sɑɹˈkɑfəɡaɪ/

Assos
Chernobyl New Safe Confinement
Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant
Egyptian Museum
Frankfurt Main Cemetery
Franz Adickes

The noun is borrowed from Latin sarcophagus (“grave; sarcophagus; flesh-eating, carnivorous”), from Ancient Greek σᾰρκοφᾰ́γος (sarkophágos, “sarcophagus; flesh-eating, carnivorous”) (so named from λῐ́θος σᾰρκοφᾰ́γος (líthos sarkophágos, literally “flesh-eating stone”) a type of limestone found at Assos in Troas (now Behramkale, Turkey) thought to consume the flesh of corpses, and thus used to make coffins), from σαρκός (sarkós) (the genitive form of σάρξ (sárx, “flesh; body”), from Proto-Indo-European *twerḱ- (“to carve; to cut off, trim”)) + -φάγος (-phágos, suffix meaning ‘eater (of); eating’) (from ἔφαγον (éphagon, “to devour, eat”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g- (“to allot, distribute; to divide”)).
The plural form sarcophagi is borrowed from Latin sarcophagī.
The verb is derived from the noun.

ref

From the collection of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, Egypt.

nb...

Containing Numerous Designs for Dwellings, from the Cottage to the Villa, Including Farm Houses, Farmeries, and Other Agricultural Buildings; Several Designs for Country Inns, Public Houses, and Parochial Schools; with the Requisite Fittings-up, Fixtures, and Furniture; and Appropriate Offices, Gardens, and Garden Scenery; Each Design Accompanied by Analytical and Critical Remarks, Illustrative of the Principles of Architectural Science and Taste of which It is Composed. 􂀿...􂁀 Illustrated by More than Two Thousand Engravings; the Designs by Upwards of Fifty Different Architects, Surveyors, Builders, Upholsterers, Cabinet-makers, Landscape-gardeners, and Others, of whom a List is Given. A New Edition, with Numerous Corrections, and with Many of the Plates Re-engraved.

at the Architectural Library, High Holborn.

ref

From J[ohn] C[laudius] Loudon (1839) “Of the Furniture of Villas”, in An Encyclopædia of Cottage, Farm, and Villa Architecture and Furniture; […], new edition, London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longmans, and sold by John Weale, […], →OCLC, book III (Designs for Villas, with Various Degrees of Accommodation, and in Different Styles of Architecture), figure 1873, page 1045.

der

'They move stuff out of the sarcophagus?' / 'I know, crazy people, they're killing themselves from radiation.' […] '[S]o the materials, plutonium, catalysis, are assembled at a site near the sarcophagus?' […] '[W]hat we know is this, they collect the plutonium, etc, from Chernobyl, what they don't have yet – is the know-how. To put the bomb together.'

2012, Tom Bryson, chapter 35, in Sarcophagus, S.l.: TJB Books, page 231

(informal) The cement and steel structure that encases the destroyed nuclear reactor at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Chernobyl, Ukraine.

саркафа́г

There is an open sarcophagus-shaped wine-cooler beneath, standing on a plinth. The inside of the wine-cooler may either be lined with lead, or it may contain a block-tin case, with handles, to lift out. Ice is frequently put into these wine-coolers, in order to surround the decanters or bottles set in them, when the wine is to be cooled. Castors are sunk into the plinth of the sarcophagus, that it may be drawn out from beneath the sideboard, and pushed in again at pleasure. […] A sarcophagus with a hinged lid below, fixed on a hollow plinth with castors, is partitioned and lined with lead, so that ice can be put round each separate bottle.

1833, J[ohn] C[laudius] Loudon, “Of the Furniture of Villas”, in An Encyclopædia of Cottage, Farm, and Villa Architecture and Furniture; […], London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longman; […], →OCLC, book III (Designs for Villas, with Various Degrees of Accommodation, and in Different Styles of Architecture), page 1045

A George VI mahogany sarcophagus wine cooler, with nulled mouldings and brass ring handles, the turned stem on leaf carved and moulded legs and brass castors.

2015, Judith Miller, “Furniture”, in Miller’s Antiques Handbook & Price Guide 2016–2017, London: Miller’s, Mitchell Beazley, page 251

(historical) A type of wine cooler (“a piece of equipment used to keep wine chilled”) shaped like a sarcophagus (sense 1).


screen

From Middle English scren, screne (“windscreen, firescreen”), from Anglo-Norman escren (“firescreen, the tester of a bed”), Old French escren, escrein, escran (modern French écran (“screen”)), from Middle Dutch scherm, from Old Dutch *skirm, from Proto-West Germanic *skirmi, from Proto-Germanic *skirmiz (“fur, shelter, covering, screen”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut, divide”).
Cognate with Dutch scherm (“screen”), German Schirm (“screen”). Doublet of scherm.
An alternative etymology derives Old French escren, escran from Old Dutch *scranc (“barrier”) (compare Middle Dutch schranc, schranke (“palisade, trellis, grid”), German Schrank (“cupboard, cabinet”), German Schranke (“fence”)), from Proto-West Germanic *skrank, from Proto-Germanic *skrankaz.

skerm

viewing area of electronic output device

Various forms or formats of information display

The viewing surface or area of a movie, or moving picture or slide presentation.


MSG

en-noun

MSG (countable and uncountable, plural MSGs)

(by extension) Any chemically free glutamate.


schlong

en-verb

schlong (third-person singular simple present schlongs, present participle schlonging, simple past and past participle schlonged)

schlongs (present singular third-person)
schlonging (participle present)
schlonged (participle past)
schlonged (past)

Borrowed from Yiddish שלאַנג (shlang, “snake”; by extension, “a penis”) or German Schlange.

bor

He stole your words, calling them expert, schlonging himself on the head with labels, diving into categories.

1972, William W. Crain, The Wayfarers, page 14

He would talk about “schlonging this and schlonging that. ” When Reich and the other writers were working on a script for a New Year's episode Reich kept referring to "schlonging in the New Year" and using "schlong" in every other sentence.

2004, Bureau of National Affairs (Arlington, Va.), Fair Employment Practice Cases - Volume 93, page 1405

Please stop insulting, trashing and schlonging your fellow candidates. That's not the Christian, Islamic, Jewish, Hindu or Buddhist thing to do.

2016 March 7, David Marin, The Huffington Post

His big scrotum would be schlonging off the floor. Wap, wap, wap. Really schlonging.

2017, David Keenan, This Is Memorial Device

(by extension) To beat, whack, or attack.

How about if we recruit a few guys from the crew, I’ll go on stage and make an announcement about how we’re gonna get schlonged by lettin’ everybody in ahead of time, and these guys can pass a basket around the audience for contributions.

1969, Barefoot in Babylon: The Creation of the Woodstock Music Festival, page 245

he went bust on 7th Avenue, and the Party took a shlonging.

1991, Richard Elman, Tar Beach, page 127

that ticket went on to get schlonged at the polls, but that’s a historic moment.

2011, Neal Conan, Talk of the Nation (NPR)

He also delighted in recounting how Ms. Clinton got "schlonged" by Barack Obama when she lost to him in the 2008 Democratic primary.

2016, Douglas Kellner, American Nightmare: Donald Trump, Media Spectacle, and Authoritarian Populism, page 35


telephone conference

en-noun

telephone conference (plural telephone conferences)

(by extension) Any multi-party telephone call.


professional

en-adj

professional (comparative more professional, superlative most professional)

more professional (comparative)
most professional (superlative)

/pɹəˈfɛʃənəl/

From Middle English professhennalle, professhynalle; equivalent to profession + -al.


fence

en-noun

fence (countable and uncountable, plural fences)

→ Pennsylvania German: Fens

From Middle English fence, fens, short for defence, defens (“the act of defending”), from Old French defens, defense (see defence).
The sense "enclosure" arises in the mid 15th century.
Also from the 15th century is use as a verb in the sense "to enclose with a fence". The generalized sense "to defend, screen, protect" arises ca. 1500. The sense "to fight with swords (rapiers)" is from the 1590s (Shakespeare).
Displaced native Old English heġe (compare Modern English hedge).

the grass is always greener on the other side of the fence

(by extension) The place whence such a middleman operates.


eastern

en-adj

eastern (comparative more eastern, superlative most eastern)

more eastern (comparative)
most eastern (superlative)

From Middle English esturne, esterne, from Old English ēasterne (“eastern”), from Proto-Germanic *austrōnijaz (“eastern”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ews-ro- (“eastern”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ews- (“dawn, east”). Cognate with Old Saxon and Old High German ōstrōni (“eastern”), Old Norse austrœnn (“eastern”).
Morphologically east + -ern.


sucker

From Middle English souker, sokere, sukkere, soukere, equivalent to suck (verb) + -er. Compare Saterland Frisian Suuger, West Frisian sûker (“sucker”), Dutch zuiger (“sucker”), German Sauger (“dummy; vacuum”).

They who constantly converse with men far above their estates shall reap shame and loss thereby; if thou payest nothing, they will count thee a sucker, no branch.

1642, Thomas Fuller, The Holy State and the Prophane State

Of the scaly tribe, I may mention those suckers belonging to the body loaferish, that never rise to the surface of respectability, but are always groveling in the mud of corruption, whose sole study appears to be to see how much they can get without the least physical exertion; and who would rather ride to hell in a hand-cart than walk to heaven supported by the staff of industry.

1841, Elbridge Gerry [Dow, Jr.] Paige, Short Patent Sermons, revised and corrected edition, New York: Lawrence Labree, page 232


Kremlinology

(by extension, politics) The study of the internal politics of any powerful and secretive organization.


vocabulary

en-noun

vocabulary (countable and uncountable, plural vocabularies)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin vocābulārium.

lbor

(by extension) A range of artistic or stylistic forms or techniques.


fellate

en-verb

fellate (third-person singular simple present fellates, present participle fellating, simple past and past participle fellated)

fellates (present singular third-person)
fellating (participle present)
fellated (participle past)
fellated (past)

Back-formation from fellatio, from Latin fellō (“suck”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck, to suckle”).

der

Can she only come when a White woman kneels before her fellating her dildo? Or does the Black woman just see another dyke she fancies, who fancies her? I'm attracted to White women because my White lover is Other to me […]

1995, Lynne Pearce, Jackie Stacey, Romance Revisited - Volume 1995, part 2, page 186

Leina went on fellating her finger, making faces of exquisite ecstasy.

2004, Edmund White, Don Weise, FRESH MEN (tr), page 66

(transitive, by extension) To suck (something) in a manner suggestive of fellatio.


tinsel

en-noun

tinsel (usually uncountable, plural tinsels)

The noun is derived from Middle English tinsel (“cloth containing gold or silver thread”) [and other forms], probably from Anglo-Norman tincel, tincelle, tencele, and then:
* from Old French estincelle, estencele (“a spark”) (modern French étincelle), from Vulgar Latin *stincilla, a metathesis of Latin scintilla (“a glimmer; a spark”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₁y- (“to shimmer, shine”); and
* from Old French estincelé, the past participle of estinceler, estenceler (“to produce sparks”) (modern French étinceler (“to sparkle, twinkle; (archaic) to produce sparks”)), from Vulgar Latin *stincillāre, a metathesis of Latin scintillāre, the present active infinitive of scintillō (“to scintillate, sparkle”), from scintilla (“a glimmer; a spark”) (see above) + -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs).
The English word is a doublet of scintilla, scintillate, and stencil.
The adjective is from an attributive use of the noun; while the verb is derived from the noun.

doublet

A thin, shiny foil for ornamental purposes which is of a material made of metal or resembling metal; especially, narrow glittering strips of such a material, often strung on to thread, and traditionally at Christmastime draped on Christmas trees, hung from balustrades or ceilings, or wrapped around objects as a decoration.

փայլազարդ

very thin decorative strips of a glittering, metallic material, often strung on to thread

(figuratively) Anything shining and gaudy; especially something superficially shiny and showy, or having a false lustre, and more pretty than valuable.

oripeau

anything shining and gaudy; especially something superficially shiny and showy, or having a false lustre, and more pretty than valuable


tinsel

Went to that magnificent Temple of Thalia, the New Olympic, and saw the bewitchingest Pauline, in the person of Winifred Emery, that ever I saw in the shammiest, stagiest, tawdriest, tinsellest, transparentest, most diaphanously theatrical comedy I ever saw in the absolute period of my Thespian existence.
A nonce use of the superlative form of tinsel.

1890 December 24, “Judy’s Diary”, in Judy: The London Serio-comic Journal, volume 46, London: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 306, column 2

Sensing plenty of room for such displays of conspicuous consumption, no less than three other knockoffs—The Good Life ("the most luxurious half-hour on television"), The Robb Report (a spinoff of the ultra high-end auto magazine), and Eye on Hollywood (the tinselest side of Tinseltown)—were soon on the air, each also a tour de force of hedonism and exhibition.
A nonce use of the superlative form of tinsel.

2009, Larry Samuel, “Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous: 1980–1994”, in Rich: The Rise and Fall of American Wealth Culture, New York, N.Y.: AMACOM, page 192

(figuratively) Apparently beautiful and costly but having little value; superficially attractive; gaudy, showy, tawdry.


tinsel

en-verb

tinsel (third-person singular simple present tinsels, present participle (UK) tinselling or (US) tinseling, simple past and past participle (UK) tinselled or (US) tinseled)

tinsels (present singular third-person)
tinselling (UK participle present)
tinseling (US participle present)
tinselled (UK participle past)
tinselled (UK past)
tinseled (US participle past)
tinseled (US past)

(by extension) To deck out (a place or something) with showy but cheap ornaments; to make gaudy.


keening

en-noun

keening (countable and uncountable, plural keenings)

(by extension) An unpleasant wailing sound.