long

en-adj

long (comparative longer, superlative longest)

longer (comparative)
longest (superlative)

low

antonym(s) of “having much distance from one point to another”

From Middle English long, lang, from Old English long, lang (“long, tall, lasting”), from Proto-West Germanic *lang, from Proto-Germanic *langaz (“long”), from Proto-Indo-European *dlongʰos (“long”).
Cognate with Scots lang (“long”), North Frisian long, lung (“long”), Saterland Frisian loang (“long”), Norwegian, West Frisian, Dutch and German lang (“long”), Swedish lång (“long”), Icelandic langur (“long”), Portuguese longo (“long”), Spanish luengo (“long”), French long, Latin longus (“long”), Russian дли́нный (dlínnyj), до́лго (dólgo), Sanskrit दीर्घ (dīrgha, “long”).
The word exceptionally retains the Old English darkening of -a- before nasals. Though there are other such examples in Middle and Modern English (e.g. bond, song, throng, wrong), the o-form may have been reinforced by Old French long, from Latin longus, from the same Indo-European word. Doublet of lungo and lunge.

ау

he who sups with the devil should have a long spoon

the candle that burns twice as bright burns half as long

[Verse 1: Sleeks]: Keep thinking about Ps that I need but it’s long. All these things that I've done in the streets got me on my knees trying to reason with God. B-B beefin’ is long but I might still greeze up a Don.

2015 September 18, “Brand New” (track 6), in Don't Panic, performed by Smoke Boys

MOBEEN: I do love nature when it’s on television and David Attenborough’s presenting. I hate nature in real life! Smells like shite around here! Plants and (he waves a fly away) …plants and that. It’s so long!

2017 December 17, Guz Khan, Andy Milligan, “Upper Room” (00:38 from the start), in Ollie Parsons, director, Man Like Mobeen (1), episode 3 (TV), spoken by Mobeen Deen (Guz Khan)

DUSHANE: I’m stepping back from the roads now. All of that shit is long! And by next year, I want to be completely legit, then it’s just me, you and Tish.

2022 March 18, Ronan Bennett, Gerry Jackson, Tyrone Rashard, Sagirah Gammon, 00:15:46 from the start, in Brady Hood, director, Top Boy (Good Morals) (4), episode 1 (TV), spoken by Dushane (Ashley Walters)

Nah fuck that I don't like mixing my circles like that. Plus if some shit goes bad I gotta be in the middle it's all long

2023 February 18, Simba-xiv, “Most Guys Know That They're Friends Aren't Shit With Women”, in Reddit (subreddit: BlackPeopleTwitter)

(slang, MLE, by extension) stupid; annoying; bullshit

JAMIE: Yo, if I see you man round here again, it is long for you!

2022 March 18, Ronan Bennett, Gerry Jackson, Tyrone Rashard, 32:20 from the start, in William Stefan Smith, director, Top Boy (Prove Yourself) (4), episode 8 (TV), spoken by Jamie (Micheal Ward)

(slang, MLE, by extension) serious; deadly.


heaven

en-noun

heaven (countable and uncountable, plural heavens)

horror

antonym(s) of “blissful place or experience”

From a wide variety of Middle English forms including hevene, heven, hevin, and hewin (“heaven, sky”), from Old English heofon, heofone (“heaven, sky”), from Proto-West Germanic *hebn (“heaven, sky”), of uncertain origin.
Cognate with Scots heiven, hewin (“heaven, sky”), Middle Dutch heven (“sky, heaven”), Low German Heven (“heaven, sky”), Middle High German heben (“sky, heaven”), and possibly the rare Icelandic and Old Norse hifinn (“heaven, sky”), which are all probably dissimilated forms of the Germanic root which appears in Old Norse himinn (“heaven, sky”), Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 (himins, “heaven, sky”), Old Swedish himin, Old Danish himæn and probably also (in another variant form) Old Saxon himil, Old Dutch himil (modern Dutch hemel), and Old High German himil (German Himmel).
Accepting these as cognates, some scholars propose a further derivation from Proto-Germanic *himinaz (“cover, cloud cover, firmament, sky, heaven”).

سَمَاء

سَمَاوَات pl (samāwāt)

فَلَك

أَفْلَاك pl (ʔaflāk)

As he [Muhammad] was returning, in the fourth Heaven, Moses advised him to goe back to God.

1649, Alexander Ross translating the Sieur Du Ryer, The Alcoran Of Mahomet, Translated out of the Arabique into French... newly Englished, 406

Like the Buddhas, they [the Jains] believe that there is a plurality of heavens and hells.

1832, Charles Coleman, The Mythology of the Hindus, XIII 220

The heaven of Siva is in the midst of the eternal snows and glaciers of Keilás, one of the highest and deepest groups of the stupendous summits of Hémaláya.

1841, Mountstuart Elphinstone, The History of India, I ii iv 169

To grasp the Chinese's notion of Heaven, we must look at the contexts in which tian is used... In the Book of Odes (Shi jing 詩經), which includes poems dated between the eleventh and seventh centuries BCE, tian is a place where the Heavenly Thearch resides.

2011, Lillian Tseng, Picturing Heaven in Early China, section 2

(religion) The abode of God or the gods, traditionally conceived as beyond the sky; especially:

(religion, by extension, often capitalized) The abode of the Abrahamic God; similar abodes of the gods in other religions and traditions, such as Mount Olympus.

Heaven commands thine arm
To lift the sure-destroying sword!

...executing the just judgment of offended Heaven upon cattle-houghers, traitors, and assassins.

There's nothing we can do but pray to heaven for good luck.

1992, E. Yoshikawa, translated by W.S. Wilson, Taiko, II 186

Cosmologists regarded Heaven as a force—composed of qi 氣, which was divided into yin 陰 and yang 陽 aspects—that kept the cosmos moving.

2011, Lillian Tseng, Picturing Heaven in Early China, section 3

(by extension, usually capitalized) Providence, the will of God or the council of the gods; fate.

The belief in ascending to Heaven after death became widespread in the Han dynasty.

(religion) The afterlife of the blessed dead, traditionally conceived as opposed to an afterlife of the wicked and unjust (compare hell); specifically:

(religion, by extension, often capitalized) The afterlife of the blessed dead in other religions and traditions, such as the Pure Land or Elysium.

England, that was formerly the heaven, would be now the hell for women.

1660 November 14, a speech in the House of Commons in W. Cobbett, Parl. Hist. (1808), IV 145

Such a shop as that...would be quite a heaven upon earth to me.

They thought strikes and hunger marches the quintessence of politics and Soviet Russia heaven on earth.

1940, H.G. Wells, Babes in the Darkling Wood, II iii 198

While eating my snack I decided to walk around the house and I saw the hallways change into beautiful valleys and oceans. The television screen appeared on the wall. It was so beautiful that I thought I was in heaven.

2002, Summersill Elementary School, Time Travel, iUniverse, page 16

(by extension) Any paradise; any blissful place or experience.

Husbandes are in heauen...whose wiues scold not.

1550, J. Heywood, Dialogue Prov. Eng. Tongue, II vii

Bliss was it in that dawn to be alive,
But to be young was very heaven!

1809 October 26, William Wordsworth, “The French Revolution as It Appeared to Enthusiasts at Its Commencement”, in Friend, No. 11, ll. 4-5

He would just stare at me and say, “You are beautiful, you are so beautiful.” I was in heaven hearing this.

2000, Veronica Brooks, It Could Lead to Dancing, iUniverse, page 18

We're in heaven.

2002, DJ Sammy, Yanou, Frank Reinert, Bryan Adams, Jim Vallance, Bob Clearmountain (lyrics and music), “Heaven”, in Heaven, performed by Yanou and Do (singer), Title track

She was in heaven — she'd never seen so many stars gathered in one place. She already had her eye on Charlie Dollar. Oh yes, Charlie Dollar might be ancient, but he was still raging hot in a Jack Nicholson kind of way.

2007, Jackie Collins, Drop Dead Beautiful: A Novel, St. Martin's Publishing Group, page 452

“Because she was modest and beautiful and he thought he was in heaven when she was around?” “Yes, that's what he said.”

2008, Robert Scott, Driven To Murder, Pinnacle Books, page 163

I'd turn it up to 10 and it sounded all distorted and I remember feeling like I was in heaven!

2014, Joe Satriani, Jake Brown, Strange Beautiful Music: A Musical Memoir, BenBella Books, page 8

(by extension) A state of bliss; a peaceful ecstasy.


plate

→ Maori: pereti

→ Hindi: प्लेट (pleṭ)

From Middle English plate, from Old French plate, from Medieval Latin plata, from Vulgar Latin *plat(t)us, from Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús, “broad, flat, wide”). Compare Spanish plato.

der

(aviation, travel industry, by extension) The ability of a travel agent to issue tickets on behalf of a particular airline.

lipunkirjoitusoikeus

aviation: ability of a travel agent to issue tickets on behalf of a particular airline


domain

range

antonym(s) of “domain of definition of a function”

From Middle English demayne, demain (“rule”), from Old French demeine, demaine, demeigne, domaine (“power”), (French domaine), from Latin dominium (“property, right of ownership”), from dominus (“master, proprietor, owner”). See dame, and compare demain, danger, dungeon. Doublet of demesne, domino.

интервал на съществуване

(mathematics) the set on which a function is defined

(mathematics, set theory) The set of input (argument) values for which a function is defined.

(more generally, of a binary relation R between A and B) The set A; The subset of A consisting of elements a of A such that there exists an element b in B with (a,b) in R.


fire

en-verb

fire (third-person singular simple present fires, present participle firing, simple past and past participle fired)

fires (present singular third-person)
firing (participle present)
fired (participle past)
fired (past)
fire (infinitive)

From Middle English firen, fyren, furen, from Old English fȳrian (“to make a fire”), from the noun (see above). Cognate with Old Frisian fioria (“to light a fire”), Saterland Frisian fjuurje (“to fire”), Middle Dutch vûren, vueren, vieren (“to set fire”), Dutch vuren (“to fire, shoot”), Old High German fiuren (“to ignite, set on fire”), German feuern (“to fire”).

udløse

computer sciences, software engineering: to initiate an event

Don't be hesitant to fire a client - cull out the deadwood. If a client doesn't meet the above criteria, you are better off without him. You don't do your best work for a client you'd rather not have.

1979, Richard Collins Rea, Operating a Successful Accounting Practice: A Collection of Material from the Journal of Accountancy Practitioners Forum, →OCLC, page 288

Maintaining a collegial attitude even when doing the more difficult business work, like firing a client, is another part. If you are struggling through the relationship, the client might be struggling as well, so firing them may be mutually beneficial, and you should try and do it on the best of terms.

2020, Rebecca Migdal, Museum Mercenary: A Handbook for Independent Museum Professionals, →OCLC, page 278

(transitive, by extension) To terminate a contract with a client; to drop a client.


clutch

en-verb

clutch (third-person singular simple present clutches, present participle clutching, simple past and past participle clutched)

clutches (present singular third-person)
clutching (participle present)
clutched (participle past)
clutched (past)

From Middle English clucchen, clicchen, cluchen, clechen, cleken, from Old English clyċċan (“to clutch, clench”), from Proto-Germanic *klukjaną, from Proto-Germanic *klu- (“to ball up, conglomerate, amass”), from Proto-Indo-European *glew- (“to ball up; lump, mass”).
Cognate with Swedish klyka (“clamp, fork, branch”). The noun is from Middle English cleche, cloche, cloke ("claw, talon, hand"; compare Scots cleuk, cluke, cluik (“claw, talon”)), of uncertain origin, with the form probably assimilated to the verb.
Alternative etymology derives Old English clyċċan from Proto-Germanic *klēk- (“claw, hand”), from Proto-Indo-European *glēk-, *ǵlēḱ- (“claw, hand; to clutch, snatch”). If so, then cognate with Irish glac (“hand”).

gloss

(video games, by extension) To unexpectedly or luckily succeed in a difficult activity.


clutch

(by extension) A grip, especially one seen as rapacious or evil.


hoop

en-noun

hoop (countable and uncountable, plural hoops)

From Middle English hoop, hoope, from Old English hōp (“mound, raised land; in combination, circular object”), from Proto-Germanic *hōpą (“bend, bow, arch”) (compare Saterland Frisian Houp (“hoop”), Dutch hoep (“hoop”), Old Norse hóp (“bay, inlet”)), from Proto-Indo-European *kāb- (“to bend”) (compare Lithuanian kabė (“hook”), Old Church Slavonic кѫпъ (kǫpŭ, “hill, island”)). More at camp.

cog

The stewards ordered Des Coleman, the senior hoop (jockey) present, to ride and he got the horse home in a photo-finish.

2011, James Morton, Susanna Lobez, Kings of Stings: The Greatest Swindles from Down Under

(Australia, metonymically, slang, by extension) A jockey.


orient

/ˈɔː.ɹɪ.ənt/

The noun is derived from Middle English orient, oriente, oryent, oryente, oryentte (“the east direction; eastern horizon or sky; eastern regions of the world, Asia, Orient; eastern edge of the world”), borrowed from Anglo-Norman orient, oriente, and Old French orient (“east direction; Asia, Orient”) (modern French orient), or directly from its etymon Latin oriēns (“the east; daybreak, dawn; sunrise; (participle) rising; appearing; originating”), present active participle of orior (“to get up, rise; to appear, become visible; to be born, come to exist, originate”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, stir; to rise, spring”).
The adjective is derived from Middle English orient (“eastern; from Asia or the Orient; brilliant, shining (characteristic of jewels from the Orient)”), from Middle English orient (noun); see above.

inh

(by extension) The brilliance or colour of a high-quality pearl.


orient

en-verb

orient (third-person singular simple present orients, present participle orienting, simple past and past participle oriented)

orients (present singular third-person)
orienting (participle present)
oriented (participle past)
oriented (past)

/ˈɔː.ɹɪˌɛnt/

The verb is derived from French orienter (“to orientate; to guide; to set to north”) from French orient (noun) (see above) + -er (suffix forming infinitives of first-conjugation verbs).

der

Without a compass the table is oriented, when set at one end of a line previously determined, by sighting back on this line, [...]. To orient the table, when at a station unconnected with others, is more difficult.

1855, W. M. Gillespie, “Part VIII. Plane Table Surveying.”, in A Treatise on Land-surveying: […], New York, N.Y., London: D. Appleton & Co., […], →OCLC, paragraph 456 (To Orient the Table), page 309

He orients his photo-scale protractor over the intersection of the base line and compass line extended, by means of the bearing of base line AB (S. 32° W.) and reads bearing of compass line RP to 7 (N. 80° W.).

1963, Karl E. Moessner, Accuracy of Ground Point Location from Aerial Photographs (U.S. Forest Service Research Note; INT-5), Ogden, Ut.: Intermountain Forest & Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, →OCLC, page 4

(transitive, by extension) To align or place (a person or object) so that his, her, or its east side, north side, etc., is positioned toward the corresponding points of the compass; (specifically, surveying) to rotate (a map attached to a plane table) until the line of direction between any two of its points is parallel to the corresponding direction in nature.


scrub

From Middle English scrobben (“groom a horse with a currycomb”); from Middle Dutch schrobben (“clean by scrubbing”).

der

A man dressed as a lab tech, his blue scrubs startlingly pale against the vivid red and black chaos, moved into sight from behind the SUV. He carried an assault rifle.

(by extension, in the plural) Any medical uniform consisting of a short-sleeved shirt and pants (trousers).


box

en-noun

box (plural boxes or (nonstandard, computing, humorous) boxen)

boxes (plural)
boxen (humorous nonstandard plural)

Tok Pisin: bokis

→ Afrikaans: boks

→ Bengali: বাক্স (bakśo)

→ Bulgarian: бокс (boks)

→ Crimean Tatar: boks

→ Danish: boks

→ Dutch: box m

→ Faroese: boks

→ French: box m

→ German: Box f

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बकस m (bakas), बक्सा m (baksā)

Urdu: بکس m (baks, bakas)

→ Icelandic: box n

→ Indonesian: boks

→ Irish: bosca m

→ Italian: box m

→ Japanese: ボックス (bokkusu)

→ Korean: 박스 (bakseu)

→ Maori: pāka

→ Nepali: बाकस (bākas)

→ Norman: bosc m

→ Norwegian: boks m

→ Pashto: بکس (baks)

→ Persian: باکس (bâks)

→ Polish: boks m

→ Portuguese: box m

→ Rajasthani: बकस (baks, bakas)

→ Russian: бокс m (boks)

→ Scottish Gaelic: bogsa m, bocsa

→ Spanish: box m

→ Swedish: box c

→ Welsh: bocs

table
From Middle English box (“container, box, cup”), from Old English box (“box, case”), from Proto-West Germanic *buhsā (“box”) from Late Latin buxis (“box”), Latin pyxis (“small box for medicines or toiletries”), of uncertain origin; compare Ancient Greek πύξος (púxos, “box or tablet made of boxwood; box; cylinder”) and Ancient Greek πυξίς (puxís, “box or tablet made of boxwood; box; cylinder”). Doublet of piseog, pyx, and pyxis.
Cognate with Middle Dutch bosse, busse (“jar; tin; round box”) (modern Dutch bos (“wood, forest”), bus (“container, box; bushing of a wheel”)), Old High German buhsa (Middle High German buhse, bühse, modern German Büchse (“box; can”)), Swedish hjulbössa (“wheel-box”).
The humorous plural form boxen is from box + -en, by analogy with oxen.

rasia

compartment or receptacle for receiving items

ramme

rectangular border around an image, text, etc.

ruutu

small area on a document for a tick mark

tofu

empty box displayed by some computer systems in place of a character not supported by available fonts

(geometry, by extension) A rectangular object in any number of dimensions.


nut

→ Japanese: ナット (natto)

From Middle English nute, note, from Old English hnutu, from Proto-West Germanic *hnut, from Proto-Germanic *hnuts (“nut”), from a root *knu- possibly shared with Proto-Celtic *knūs and Latin nux (“nut”). Based on the form of the nouns and the restriction of the root to Germanic, Celtic and Italic, it has been argued to be of non-Indo-European (substrate) origin.
See also West Frisian nút, Dutch noot, German Nuss, Danish nød, Swedish nöt, Norwegian nøtt.

dió

walnut in particular and an element in the name of some other nuts

dióféle

literally: ’walnut-like’, the family of this fruit

walnuts, hazelnuts/peanuts, chestnuts, and related fruits

even a blind squirrel can find a nut once in a while

There are many sorts of nuts: peanuts, cashews, pistachios, Brazil nuts and more.

(food, broadly) Any of various hard-shelled seeds or hard, dry fruits from various families of plants.

(botany, strictly) Such a fruit that is indehiscent.


worship

en-noun

worship (usually uncountable, plural worships)

Inherited from Middle English worschippe, worthschipe, from Old English weorþsċiepe. Cognate with Scots worschip (“worship”).

inh+

(by extension) Voluntary, utter submission; voluntary, utter deference.


dead

en-verb

dead (third-person singular simple present deads, present participle deading, simple past and past participle deaded)

deads (present singular third-person)
deading (participle present)
deaded (participle past)
deaded (past)

From Middle English ded, deed, from Old English dēad, from Proto-West Germanic *daud, from Proto-Germanic *daudaz. Compare West Frisian dead, dea, Dutch dood, German tot, Danish, Norwegian død, Norwegian Nynorsk daud.

"I thought I told you to shut up," said Jesus. "I don't be laying up with chickenheads, so you need to dead that shit before you piss me the fuck off."

2005, Black Artemis, Picture Me Rollin', New York, N.Y.: New American Library, page 269

"This might be kinda beside the point right now," I said carefully, settling into the chair across from him, "but it's probably time to dead all that open-door no-gun shit, huh?"

2013, Adam Mansbach, Rage Is Back, New York, N.Y.: Viking, page 140

(transitive, African-American Vernacular, slang, by extension) To discontinue or put an end to (something).


crown

→ Japanese: クラウン (kuraun)

→ Korean: 크라운 (keuraun)

→ Maori: karauna

From Middle English coroune, from Anglo-Norman corone, from Latin corōna (“crown, wreath”), from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē). Doublet of corona, koruna, krone, krona, and króna. Displaced native Old English corenbēag (“crown”); and Middle English kinehelm, kynehelm, from Old English cynehelm (“crown”).
* (paper size): So called because originally watermarked with a crown.

doublet

the martyr’s crown

en:any reward of victory or mark of honor

(by extension) Any reward of victory or mark of honor.

Treasure recovered from shipwrecks automatically becomes property of the Crown.

(by extension, especially in law) The state, the government (headed by a monarch).

There is no difficulty getting married in Jamaica, is there? No, it only costs half a crown.

1866, Jamaica. Report of the Royal Jamaica Commission, 1866. Part II: Minutes of Evidence and Appendix, H.M.Stationery Office, page 558

Maggie Murphy had some knickers that she bought in Bagenalstown, an interlock of knickers that she got for a half a crown.

2009, “Maggie Murphy's Knickers” (track 8), in Stay Wut Her Johnny, performed by Richie Kavanagh

en:any of several Commonwealth coins worth five shillings

(historical, by extension) A coin or note worth five shillings in various countries that are or were in the British Commonwealth, such as Ireland or Jamaica.


manga

en-noun

manga (countable and uncountable, plural manga or mangas)

desc

→ Hindi: मांगा (māṅgā), माँगा (māṅgā); मैंगा (maiṅgā)

Black Cat (manga)
Hokusai
manga (disambiguation)

Borrowed from Japanese 漫画(まんが) (manga), from Middle Chinese 漫 (MC manH, “free, unrestrained”) + 畫 (MC hweaH|hweak, “drawing”). Compare Mandarin 漫畫／漫画 (mànhuà), Korean 만화 (漫畵／漫畫, manhwa). After an 1814 book by Katsushika Hokusai. Doublet of manhua and manhwa.

zh-l

漫畫／漫画 (mànhuà)

Lately I've been reading a Brazilian manga.

(countable, loosely, sometimes proscribed) Any comic in such a style, regardless of the country of origin.


pet

Attested since the 1500s in the sense "indulged child" and since the 1530s in the sense "animal companion". From Scots and dialectal Northern English, of unclear origin. Perhaps a back-formation of petty, pety (“little, small”), a term formerly used to describe children and animals (e.g. pet lambs). Alternatively, perhaps a borrowing of Scottish Gaelic peata, from Middle Irish petta, peta (“pet, lap-dog”), of uncertain (possibly pre-Indo-European substrate) origin. Compare peat (“pet, darling, woman”).
The verb is derived from the noun.

(by extension) Something kept as a companion, including inanimate objects. (pet rock, pet plant, etc.)


stroke

The noun is derived from Middle English strok, stroke (“blow from a weapon, cut”), from Old English strāc, from Proto-West Germanic *straik, from Proto-Germanic *straikaz (“stroke”), from Proto-Indo-European *streyg- (“to rub, stroke; to shear; to strike”).
Sense 3.6.2.2 (“the oblique, slash, or virgule (‘/’)”) is a contraction of oblique stroke, a variant of oblique which was originally used in telegraphy.
The verb is derived from the noun.
cognates
* German Streich (“stroke”)
* Middle Low German strēk (“stroke, trick, prank”)
* Scots strak, strake, straik (“blow, stroke”)

isku

one of a series of beats or movements against a resisting medium, by means of which movement through or upon it is accomplished

ход

single movement or thrust of a part (such as a piston) of a machine that moves back and forth; length of this movement

خَطّ

line or mark made on a surface by an implement for drawing, writing, etc.

One of a series of beats or movements against a resisting medium, by means of which movement through or upon it is accomplished.

(by extension) The rower who is nearest the stern of the boat, the movement of whose oar sets the rowing rhythm for the other rowers; also, the position in the boat occupied by this rower.

загребни

rower who is nearest to the stern of the boat, the movement of whose oar sets the rowing rhythm for the other rowers; position in the boat occupied by this rower

(technology) A single movement or thrust of a part (such as a piston) of a machine that moves back and forth; also, the length of this movement.

(by extension) A thrust of the penis during sexual intercourse.


stroke

en-verb

stroke (third-person singular simple present strokes, present participle stroking, simple past and past participle stroked)

strokes (present singular third-person)
stroking (participle present)
stroked (participle past)
stroked (past)
stroke (infinitive)

The verb is derived from Middle English stroken, straken (“to caress, fondle, pat, rub, smooth, stroke; to pass something over (someone or something); to brush or rub against;”) [and other forms], from Old English strācian (“to stroke”), from Proto-West Germanic *straikōn (“to caress, stroke”), from *straik (“a line, stroke; a dash”) (see further at etymology 1) + *-ōn (suffix forming verbs from nouns).
The noun is derived from the verb.
cognates
* German streicheln (“to stroke, fondle”)
* German Low German straken, strieken, strakeln, striekeln (“to stroke; caress; fondle”)
* Middle Low German strēken, Middle Dutch strēken (modern Dutch streeken)
* Old High German strīhhan, streihhōn, Middle High German strīchen (modern German streichen (“to stroke; to rub; to spread; to apply; to paint; to cancel; to cross out, strike out; to delete; to discard”))
* Saterland Frisian strookje (“to stroke; caress”)
* West Frisian streakje (“to stroke; caress”)

nb...

strok, stroke, (Northern England, Scotland) straike, strake, (Early Middle English) straca, stracien

cog

(by extension, chiefly US, politics) To influence (someone) by convincing or flattering them.


party

→ Bulgarian: парти (parti)

desc

Cantonese: → 派對／派对 (paai³ deoi³), → party, ⇒ P

→ Dhivehi: ޕާޓީ (pāṭī)

→ Hindi: पार्टी (pārṭī)

→ Hindi: पार्टी (pārṭī)

→ Japanese: パーティー (pātī)

→ Korean: 파티 (pati)

→ Mandarin: 趴體／趴体 (pātǐ), 派對／派对 (pàiduì)

→ Russian: парти (parti)

From Middle English party, partye, partie, from Anglo-Norman partie, from Medieval Latin partīta (“a part, party”), from Latin partīta, feminine of partītus, past participle of partior (“to divide”); see part. Doublet of partita.

حِزْب

business in the front, party in the back

(now rare in general sense) A group of people forming one side in a given dispute, contest etc.

(roleplaying games, online gaming) Active player characters organized into a single group.

joukko

online gaming: player characters organized into a single group

(video games) A group of characters controlled by the player.

joukko

video games: group of characters controlled by the player


suit

desc

→ Kashubian: sut (Canada, United States)

→ Swahili: suti

From Middle English sute, borrowed from Anglo-Norman suite and Old French sieute, siute (modern suite), originally a participle adjective from Vulgar Latin *sequita (for secūta), from Latin sequi (“to follow”), because the component garments "follow each other", i.e. are worn together. See also the doublet suite. Cognate with Italian seguire and Spanish seguir. Related to sue and segue.

(by extension) A garment or set of garments suitable and/or required for a given task or activity: space suit, boiler suit, protective suit, swimsuit.


floor

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

non-rhotic, dough–door merger, African-American Vernacular

From Middle English flor, flore, from Old English flōr (“floor, pavement, ground, bottom”), from Proto-West Germanic *flōr, from Proto-Germanic *flōraz (“flat surface, floor, plain”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂ros (“floor”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat”).
Cognate with Scots flure, fluir (“floor”), Saterland Frisian Floor (“floor”), West Frisian flier (“floor”), Dutch vloer (“floor”), German Low German Floor (“entry hall”), German Flur (“field, floor, entrance hall”), Swedish flor (“floor of a cow stall”), Irish urlár (“floor”), Scottish Gaelic làr (“floor, ground, earth”), Welsh llawr (“floor, ground”), Latin plānus (“level, flat”).

cog

Will the senator from Arizona yield the floor?

The mayor often gives a lobbyist the floor.

(by extension) The right to speak at a given time during a debate or other public event.


wire

en-noun

wire (countable and uncountable, plural wires)

→ Gulf Arabic: واير (wāyir)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: vaier, wire

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: vaier, wire

→ Swedish: vajer, wire

From Middle English wir, wyr, from Old English wīr (“wire, metal thread, wire-ornament”), from Proto-Germanic *wīraz (“wire”), from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁iros (“a twist, thread, cord, wire”), from *weh₁y- (“to turn, twist, weave, plait”).

score string

object used to keep the score in billiards

“Oh, hadn’t I told you?” the other said quickly. “I had a wire yesterday. He landed in New York Wednesday. It was such a mixed-up sort of message, I never could understand what he was trying to tell me, except that he would have to stay in New York for a week or so. It was over fifty words long.”

1964 [1929], William Faulkner, Sartoris (The Collected Works of William Faulkner), London: Chatto & Windus, page 23

(by extension) An electric telegraph; a telegram.

telegram

informal: message transmitted by telegraph


short

en-adj

short (comparative shorter, superlative shortest)

shorter (comparative)
shortest (superlative)

tall

antonym(s) of “having a small distance between ends or edges”

tall

antonym(s) of “of a person, of comparatively little height”

long

antonym(s) of “cricket, of a fielder or fielding position, relatively close to the batsman”

long

antonym(s) of “financial position expecting falling value”

From Middle English schort, short, from Old English sċeort, sċort (“short”), from Proto-West Germanic *skurt, from Proto-Germanic *skurtaz (“short”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-.
Cognate with shirt, skirt, curt, Scots short, schort (“short”), French court, Dutch kort, German kurz, Old High German scurz (“short”) (whence Middle High German schurz), Old Norse skorta (“to lack”) (whence Danish skorte), Albanian shkurt (“short, brief”), Latin curtus (“shortened, incomplete”), Proto-Slavic *kortъkъ. Doublet of curt. More at shirt.

(by extension) Doubtful of, skeptical of.


hammer

From Middle English hamer, from Old English hamor, from Proto-West Germanic *hamar, from Proto-Germanic *hamaraz (“tool with a stone head”) (compare West Frisian hammer, Low German Hamer, Dutch hamer, German Hammer, Danish hammer, Swedish hammare). This is traditionally ascribed to Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱmoros, from *h₂éḱmō (“stone”), but see *hamaraz for further discussion.
(declare a defaulter on the stock exchange): Originally signalled by knocking with a wooden mallet.

sense

(African-American Vernacular, slang, loosely) A handgun.


note

en-noun

note (countable and uncountable, plural notes)

From Middle English note, from Old English not, nōt (“note, mark, sign”) and Old French note (“letter, note”), both from Latin nota (“mark, sign, remark, note”).

(by extension) A key of the piano or organ.

We heard the peculiar note of the woodcock, which resembles the repeated croaking of the frog, followed by a sharp hissing sound, somewhat like the noisy chirping of the wagtail[.]

1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 85

(by extension) A call or song of a bird.


invariable

The French adjective marron ‘brown’ is invariable: it does not take the usual s in the plural.

(by extension, grammar, of a word, or a grammatical class) That cannot undergo inflection, conjugation or declension.


breakfast

breakfast (countable and uncountable, plural breakfasts)

→ Afrikaans: brekfis

→ Irish: bricfeasta

→ Maori: parakuihi

→ Scottish Gaelic: bracaist

→ Portuguese: brequefeste, brequefesta

→ Welsh: brecwast

From Middle English brekefast, brekefaste, equivalent to break + fast (literally, "to end the nightly fast"), likely a variant of Old English fæstenbryċe, (literally, "fast-breach"). Cognate with Dutch breekvasten (“breakfast”).

We serve breakfast all day.

(by extension) A meal consisting of food normally eaten in the morning, which may typically include eggs, sausages, toast, bacon, etc.


want

en-verb

want (third-person singular simple present wants, present participle wanting, simple past and past participle wanted)

wants (present singular third-person)
wanting (participle present)
wanted (participle past)
wanted (past)
want (infinitive)

desc

Chinese Pidgin English: wantchee, 灣治 (Chinese spelling)

Sranan Tongo: wani

From Middle English wanten (“to lack”), from Old Norse vanta (“to lack”), from Proto-Germanic *wanatōną (“to be wanting, lack”), from *wanô (“lack, deficiency”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁weh₂- (“empty”). Cognate with Middle High German wan (“not full, empty”), Middle Dutch wan (“empty, poor”), Old English wana (“want, lack, absence, deficiency”), Latin vanus (“empty”). See wan, wan-.

cog

The game developers of Candy Crush want you to waste large, copious amounts of your money on in-game purchases to buy boosters and lives.

Depression wants you to feel like the world is dark and that you are not worthy of happiness. The first step to making your life better from this day forward is to stop believing these lies.

(transitive) To wish for or desire (something); to feel a need or desire for; to crave, hanker, or demand.

(by extension) To make it easy or tempting to do something undesirable, or to make it hard or challenging to refrain from doing it.

1789 Robert Burns: Epigram On Francis Grose The Antiquary
The Devil got notice that Grose was a-dying
So whip! at the summons, old Satan came flying;
But when he approached where poor Francis lay moaning,
And saw each bed-post with its burthen a-groaning,
Astonish'd, confounded, cries Satan-"By God,
I'll want him, ere I take such a damnable load!"

For Law, Physick and Divinitie, need so the help of tongs and sciences, as thei can not want them, and yet thei require so a hole mans studie, as thei may parte with no tyme to other lerning, ...

1797, The European Magazine, and London Review, page 226

1880 Robert Louis Stevenson. Kidnapped
"Are ye sharp-set?" he asked, glancing at about the level of my knee. "Ye can eat that drop parritch."
I said I feared it was his own supper.
"Oh," said he, "I can do fine wanting it, I'll take the ale, though, for it slockens my cough." He drank the cup about half out, still keeping an eye upon me as he drank...

(transitive, obsolete, by extension) To lack and perhaps be able or willing to do without.


Britain

en-proper noun

Britain (countable and uncountable, plural Britains)

→ Hawaiian: Pelekāne

→ Tokelauan: Peletānia

From Middle English Britayne, Breteyn, from Anglo-Norman Bretaigne, Bretaine, from Latin Brittannia, variant of Latin Britannia, from Britannī; reinforced by native Old English Breten, from the same Latin source. Ultimately from Proto-Brythonic *Prɨdėn (“Britain”) from *Pritanī (also compare *Prɨdɨn (“Picts”) from *Pritenī), attested to in Ancient Greek as Πρεττανική (Prettanikḗ), compare Welsh Prydain. Doublet of Britannia and Brittany. More at Britto.


home

From Middle English hōm, from Old English hām, from Proto-West Germanic *haim, from Proto-Germanic *haimaz (“home, village”), from Proto-Indo-European *tḱóymos (“village, home”), from the root *tḱey-. Doublet of heyem.
cognates
Germanic cognates: see *haimaz.
Cognate with Irish caoimh (“dear”), Lithuanian kaimas (“village”), šeima (“family”), Albanian komb (“nation, people”), Old Church Slavonic сѣмь (sěmĭ, “seed”), Ancient Greek κώμη (kṓmē, “village”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey- (“to lie”) (compare Hittite [script needed] (kittari, “it lies”), Ancient Greek κεῖμαι (keîmai, “to lie down”), Latin civis (“citizen”), Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬈 (saēte, “he lies, rests”), Sanskrit शये (śáye, “he lies”)).

cog

it takes a heap of living to make a house a home

it takes a heap o' livin' to make a house a home

it takes a lot of living to make a house a home

[…] because man goeth to his long home, and the mourners go about the streets: […]

1769, King James Bible, Oxford Standard text, Ecclesiastes 12:5

(by extension) The grave; the final rest; also, the native and eternal dwelling place of the soul.

The rights of modern transsexual women and men to live in the sex that is "home".

2007 January 10, Leslie Feinberg, “1976 WWP pamphlet found answers in Marxism”, in Workers World

(by extension) Anything that serves the functions of a home, as comfort, safety, sense of belonging, etc.


hara-kiri

Borrowed from Japanese 腹切り (harakiri), ultimately from 腹 (hara, “belly”) + 切る (kiru, “to cut”).

Regarded logically, therefore, Japan’s decision to go to war made no sense. It was hara-kiri.

1982–1983, Paul Johnson, Modern Times: The World from the Twenties to the Eighties, revised and printed as […] to the Nineties, HarperCollins (2001), page 393

They are haunted by the spectre of the 1984 election, when Mr Walter Mondale committed hara-kiri by acknowledging the need to raise taxes if America were to get its economy straight.

1987, The Economist, volume 304, numbers 7505-7513, page 1

But with GSM players lobbying hard for more spectrum, taking MVNOs on board now would be hara-kiri.

2008 April 5, Anurag Prasad, “Virgin Territory”, in Outlook Business, volume 3, number 7, page 50

(by extension, figuratively) An act against one's own interests.


ephebe

Via Latin ephēbus, from Ancient Greek ἔφηβος (éphēbos, “adolescent”), from ἐπί (epí, “early”) + ἥβη (hḗbē, “manhood”), late 19th c.

affix

Indeed Tom was much still the ephebe, sharing boys with his friend though talking of the gravity of marriage.

1993, Anthony Burgess, A Dead Man in Deptford


fighter

From Middle English fightere, fyghtor, feghtere, feghtare, fiȝtare, fiȝtere, from Old English feohtere. Equivalent to fight + -er.

Task Force 42 consisted of almost two dozen main line spinships, including the carriers Olympus Shadow and Neptune Station. Each of these can launch more than a hundred fighters or ALRs.

1990, Dan Simmons, The Fall of Hyperion, New York: Doubleday, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 32

I toss around [37,654 tonne] dreadnoughts like they were fighters; dimly aware of the former crews being crushed to liquescence.

2007 September 25, Bungie, Halo 3, Microsoft Game Studios, Xbox 360, level/area: Terminal Six (Legendary)

A class of fixed-wing aircraft whose primary purpose is to shoot down other aircraft, sometimes accompanied by a secondary purpose of attacking ground targets.

(science fiction, by extension) A starfighter


permeable

en-adj

permeable (comparative more permeable, superlative most permeable)

more permeable (comparative)
most permeable (superlative)

From Middle English permeable, permiable, from Latin permeābilis.

permeable borders

permeable boundaries

(by extension) Allowing the passage of persons, information, or other things, especially when such passage occurs despite hopes or expectations otherwise.


paper

en-noun

paper (countable and uncountable, plural papers)

Tok Pisin: pepa
→ Rotokas: pepa

→ Dutch: paper

→ Eastern Arrernte: pipe

→ Esperanto: papero
Ido: papero

→ Hawaiian: pepa

→ Japanese: ペーパー (pēpā)

→ Malay: kertas (semantic loan)

→ Malayalam: പേപ്പർ (pēppaṟ)

→ Maori: pepa

→ Marshallese: peba

→ Mokilese: peipa

→ Niuean: pepa

→ Scottish Gaelic: pàipear

→ Southern Ndebele: iphepha

→ Spanish: paper

→ Swazi: líphepha

→ Xhosa: iphepha

→ Yoruba: bébà, pépà

→ Zulu: iphepha

From Middle English paper, from Anglo-Norman paper, from Old Catalan paper, borrowed from Latin papȳrus (and given the Catalan suffix -er), from Ancient Greek πάπυρος (pápuros).

(dated, by extension) The people admitted by free passes.


queer

en-adj

queer (comparative queerer, superlative queerest)

queerer (comparative)
queerest (superlative)

→ German: queer, Queer

→ Swedish: queer

Attested since about 1510, at first in Scots. Usually taken to be from Middle Low German (Brunswick dialect) queer (“oblique, off-center”) or the related German quer (“diagonal”), from Old Saxon thwerh, from Proto-West Germanic *þwerh, from Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz, from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to turn, twist, wind”); compare Latin torqueō, and see more at thwart. The OED argues against this due to the semantic differences and the date at which the word appears in Scots.
Began to be used to describe gay people in the late 1800s, see usage notes for more.

der

the queer community

If gender is no longer to be understood as consolidated through normative sexuality, then is there a crisis of gender that is specific to queer contexts?

1999, Judith Butler, Gender Trouble, Routledge, published 2002, preface to 1999 edition

Historically, this has meant that queer sexuality—defined here not literally or only as same-gender desire but as "the sex of others," meaning any sexuality outside the bounds of the reproductive, white, and genitally oriented—is often positioned against and even as toxic to "nature".

2022, Marisol Cortez, “Ambivalent Anality: Revisiting the Queer Ecology of the "Jackass Moment"”, in Media+Environment

(broadly) Pertaining to sexual or gender behaviour or identity which does not conform to conventional heterosexual or cisgender norms, assumptions etc.


covey

The noun is derived from Middle English covei, covey (“brood of partridges, covey; volley of shot; kind of gun”) [and other forms], from Old French covée (“brood (of chickens), clutch”) (modern French couvée), a noun use of the feminine past participle of cover (“to brood (an egg)”) (modern French couver), from Latin cubāre, the present active infinitive of cubō (“to lie down, recline; to incubate; to be broody”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewb- (“to lie down”).
The verb is derived from the noun.
cognates
* French couvée (“brood (of chickens), clutch”), couver (“to brood (an egg)”)
* Italian covata (“brood, clutch, covey, hatch”), covare (“to brood or incubate (an egg)”)

nb...

coue, coueye, couy, cove, covee, coveie, covy

cove

of a bird or other animal: to brood, cover, incubate, or sit over (eggs)

Like when you quail huntin' and it's getting dark and you can hear the boss bird whistlin' tryin' to get the covey together again, and he's coming toward you slow and whistlin' soft, cause he knows you somewhere around with your gun.

1952 April 14, Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man (A Signet Book; Y3814), New York, N.Y.: New American Library, published 1952, →OCLC, page 52

No sooner had I spoken than a covey of perhaps twenty birds flushed wild ahead of us and disappeared into the pine woods. […] Just the slamming of a car door, too much talking, or a fast-moving dog will cause a covey to flush well out of gun range.

1977 November, Pete McLain, “Your Great Outdoors—Northeast: Hunting Northern Bobwhite Quail”, in Field & Stream, volume LXXXII, number 7, New York, N.Y.: CBS Publications, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 89, columns 2–3

A group of other birds, such as quail (superfamily Phasianoidea).

A covey of grey soldiers clanked down the platform at the double with their equipment and embarked, but in absolute silence, which seemed to them very singular.

1982, Lawrence Durrell, Constance, London: Faber and Faber; republished in The Avignon Quintet, London: Faber and Faber, 2004, page 736

(figurative) A group or party of people; also, a group or set of things.

群

group or party of people; group or set of things


put away

en-verb

put away (third-person singular simple present puts away, present participle putting away, simple past and past participle put away)

puts away (present singular third-person)
putting away (participle present)
put away (participle past)
put away (past)

He put away his opponent in the first round.

(transitive, combat sports, by extension) To knock out an opponent.


hyperlink

→ Danish: hyperlink

From hyper- + link, or a blend of hypertext + link.

Copy the hyperlink and paste it into an email.

(by extension) The URL or other address that defines a hyperlink's target or function.


kata

From Japanese 型 (literally “pattern, model”).
In English use since the 1950s.

These kata will give you the C# syntax for inheritance.

2020, Andrew Stellman, Jennifer Greene, Head First C#, O'Reilly Media, page 728

(by extension, programming) A short programming exercise to improve one's skills through practice and repetition.


bath

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₁-
Proto-Germanic *baþą
Proto-West Germanic *baþ
Old English bæþ
Middle English bath
English bath
From Middle English bath, baþ, from Old English bæþ (“bath”), from Proto-West Germanic *baþ, from Proto-Germanic *baþą (“bath”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₁- (“to warm”). Corresponding inherited verbs are beath and bathe.

etymon

barf (non-rhotic, trap–bath split, th-fronting)

a bath of heated sand, ashes, steam, or hot air

He takes the prepared charcoal used by artists, brings it to a white heat, and suddenly plunges it in a bath of mercury, of which the globules instantly penetrate the pores of charcoal, and may be said to metallize it.

1879, Th Du Moncel, The Telephone, the Microphone and the Phonograph, Harper, page 166

(by extension) A substance or preparation in which something is immersed.


pitch

From Middle English picchen, pycchen (“to thrust in, fasten, settle”), from Old English *piċċan, from Proto-West Germanic *pikkijan, a variant of Proto-West Germanic *pikkōn (“to pick, peck”), whence Middle English pikken, picken (“to pick, pierce”), modern English pick.

nyökkääminen

rotation angle about the transverse axis

Another reason is that the prostitute who makes her pitch at Marble Arch stands a chance of being picked up by an out-of-town business man stopping at one of the hotels in the vicinity, and of being treated to a steak dinner […]

1975, Tom A. Cullen, The Prostitutes' Padre, page 94

(by extension) The place where a busker performs, a prostitute solicits clients, or an illegal gambling game etc. is set up before the public.


wand

From Middle English wand, wond, from Old Norse vǫndr (“switch, twig”), from Proto-Germanic *wanduz (“rod”), from Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to turn, twist, wind, braid”). Cognate with Icelandic vendi (“wand”), Danish vånd (“wand, switch”), German Wand (“wall, septum”), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍃 (wandus, “rod”).

der

(by extension) An instrument shaped like a wand, such as a curling wand.


ping

en-verb

ping (third-person singular simple present pings, present participle pinging, simple past pinged or (nonstandard) pang, past participle pinged or (nonstandard) pung)

pings (present singular third-person)
pinging (participle present)
pinged (past)
pang (nonstandard past)
pinged (participle past)
pung (nonstandard participle past)

Partly onomatopoeic, and partly continuing Middle English pingen (“to push, shove, pierce, stab, prod, goad, urge, feel remorse, incite”), from Old English pyngan (“to prick”), in turn likely from pungere. Compare English pang.

inh

Coordinate term: buzz

I'll ping the insurance company again to see if they've received our claim.

If any deeper etymology is required, Arthur, don't ping me; I'll ping you.

2001 November 25, William Safire, “On Language; The Arab Street”, in New York Times

If certain attendees don't actively participate and that's a surprise to you, ping them an email or private chat message and ask what's happening for them.

2014, Jessica Pryce-Jones, Julia Lindsay, Running Great Meetings and Workshops For Dummies, John Wiley & Sons, page 294

(by extension) To send an email or other message to someone in hopes of eliciting a response.

megpingel

to send an email or other message to someone in hopes of eliciting a response


kimono

[kɪ̈ˈmoʊ̯noʊ̯]

[kɪ̈ˈmoʊ̯nə]

Borrowed from Japanese 着物(きもの) (kimono, “clothing”), which is from 着 (“wearing”) + 物(もの) (mono, “thing”).


PPV

en-noun

PPV (countable and uncountable, plural PPVs)

positive pressure ventilation
positive pressure ventilation#English

(medicine) Abbreviation of positive pressure ventilation.

(countable, by extension) A positive pressure ventilation machine, a PPV device

HFPPV

high frequency positive pressure ventilation

IPPV

intermittent positive pressure ventilation

NPPV

noninvasive positive pressure ventilation

NiPPV

non-invasive positive pressure ventilation


theta

→ Malay: teta

Borrowed from Ancient Greek θῆτα (thêta).

(aviation, by extension) Pitch angle; the angle between an aircraft's longitudinal axis and the horizontal plane.


labyrinth

Borrowed from French labyrinthe or Latin labyrinthus, from Ancient Greek λᾰβύρῐνθος (labúrinthos, “a maze”).

der

Whitney is absorbed especially by Dublin's unglamorous interstitial zones: the new housing estates and labyrinths of roads, watercourses and railways where the city peters into its commuter belt.

2014 August 23, Neil Hegarty, “Hidden City: Adventures and Explorations in Dublin by Karl Whitney, review: 'a necessary corrective' [print version: Re-Joycing in Dublin, p. R25]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Review)

(Greek mythology) A maze-like structure built by Daedalus in Knossos, containing the Minotaur.

(by extension) Anything complicated and confusing in structure, arrangement, or character.


carbon copy

This new home is simply a carbon copy of the one down the street.


bike

From Middle English bike, byke (“a nest of wild bees or wasps; also, honeycomb”), of unknown origin. Perhaps a back-formation of Middle English *bykere (“beekeeper”), from Old English bēocere (“beekeeper”); or from Old English *bȳc, a byform of Old English būc (“belly; vessel; container”). Compare also Scots byke (“beehive, anthill; home, dwelling”), Old Norse bý (“bee”).

cog

(chiefly Scotland, by extension, collective) A crowd of people.


stud

From Middle English stood, stod, from Old English stōd, from Proto-West Germanic *stōd, from Proto-Germanic *stōdą. Cognate with Middle Low German stōt, German Stute, Dutch stoet and Old Norse stóð.

siitoseläin

animal registered and retained for breeding

In freight working a considerable stud of ex-N.E.R. 3-cylinder 4-6-0s of Class "B16" is used, some of which include the Thompson modifications to the front end.

1949 November and December, O. S. Nock, “Twenty-Four Hours at York—2”, in Railway Magazine, page 358

At that time, therefore, L.M.S. motive power for the increased loads of the Birmingham trains was less than adequate, whereas the G.W.R. route had an ample stud of Churchward and Collett 4-6-0s, and timekeeping was good.

1960 February, R. C. Riley, “The London-Birmingham services - Past, Present and Future”, in Trains Illustrated, page 98

(by extension, collective) A group of such animals, also of locomotives.


tank

→ Afrikaans: tenk

→ Albanian: tank

→ Assamese: টেংকি (teṅki)

→ Asturian: tanque

→ Azerbaijani: tank

→ Bashkir: танк (tank)

→ Belarusian: танк (tank)

→ Bengali: ট্যাংক (ṭêṅko)

→ Burmese: တင့်ကား (tang.ka:)

→ Buryat: танк (tank)

→ Catalan: tanc

→ Chechen: танк (tank)

→ Chinese:

Mandarin: 坦克 (tǎnkè)

→ Chuvash: танк (tank)

→ Czech: tank

→ Danish: tank

→ Dutch: tank

→ Dzongkha: ཏེངཀ (tengk)

→ Eastern Mari: танк (tank)

→ Estonian: tank

→ Fiji Hindi: tanki

→ Finnish: tankki

→ French: tank

→ Galician: tanque

→ Georgian: ტანკი (ṭanḳi)

→ German: Tank

→ Greek: τανκ (tank)

→ Greenlandic: tanki

→ Hebrew: טנק (tank)

desctree

→ Hindi: टंकी (ṭaṅkī)
→ Burmese: တိုင်ကီ (tuingki)

→ Indonesian: tank

→ Italian: tank, tanca

→ Japanese: タンク (tanku)

→ Kazakh: танк (tank)

→ Korean: 탱크 (taengkeu)

→ Kumyk: танк (tank)

→ Kyrgyz: танк (tank)

→ Latvian: tanks

→ Lezgi: танк (tank)

→ Lithuanian: tankas

→ Macedonian: тенк (tenk)

→ Malay: tank

→ Maori: taika

→ Norwegian: tank, tanks

→ Ossetian: танк (tank)

→ Persian: تانک (tânk)

desc

→ Portuguese: tanque (“armored vehicle”)

→ Quechua: tanki

→ Romanian: tanc

→ Romansch: tanc

desctree

→ Russian: танк (tank), танкъ (tank) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Armenian: տանկ (tank)
→ Kazakh: танк (tank)
→ Mongolian: танк (tank)

→ Carpathian Rusyn: танк (tank)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тенк

Latin script: tenk

→ Sidamo: tanke

→ Slovak: tank

→ Slovene: tank

→ Swahili: tangi

→ Tajik: танк (tank), тонк (tonk)

→ Tamil: தாங்கி (tāṅki)

→ Tatar: танк (tank)

→ Tokelauan: tane

→ Turkish: tank

→ Turkmen: tank

→ Ukrainian: танк (tank)

→ Upper Sorbian: tank

→ Urdu: ٹینک (ṭaink)

→ Uzbek: tank

→ Vietnamese: xe tăng

→ Walloon: tank

→ Welsh: tanc

→ Yakut: тааҥка (taañka)

→ Yiddish: טאַנק (tank)

From Portuguese tanque (“tank, liquid container”), originally from Indian vernacular for a large artificial water reservoir, cistern, pool, etc., for example, Gujarati ટાંકી (ṭā̃kī) or Marathi टाकी (ṭākī). Compare the Arabic verb اِسْتَنْقَعَ (istanqaʕa, “to become stagnant, to stagnate”).
In the sense of armoured vehicle, first attested in 1915, prototypes were described as tanks for carrying water to disguise their nature as well as due to physical resemblance.

der

(UK, slang, dated, by extension) A bouncer or doorman.


bishop

en-verb

bishop (third-person singular simple present bishops, present participle bishoping or bishopping, simple past and past participle bishoped or bishopped)

bishops (present singular third-person)
bishoping (participle present)
bishopping (participle present)
bishoped (participle past)
bishoped (past)
bishopped (participle past)
bishopped (past)

From Middle English bischop, bishop, bisshop, biscop, from Old English bisċop (“bishop”), from British Latin *biscopo or Vulgar Latin (e)biscopus, from classical Latin episcopus (“overseer, supervisor”), from Ancient Greek ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos, “overseer”), from ἐπί (epí, “over”) + σκοπός (skopós, “watcher”), used in Greek and Latin both generally and as a title of civil officers. Cognate with all European terms for the position in various Christian churches; compare bisp.

der

Why sent they it by Felton to be bishoped at Paules?

1596, W. Warner, Albions Eng., x. liv. 243

He... chose to bear The Name of Fool confirm'd, and Bishop'd by the Fair.

1700, Boccaccio, “Cymon & Iphigenia”, in John Dryden, transl., Fables, section 550

(Christianity) To act as a bishop, to perform the duties of a bishop, especially to confirm another's membership in the church.

(by extension, jocularly, obsolete) To confirm (in its other senses).

1727, R. Bradley, Family Dict. at "Horse"
This way of making a Horse look young is... called Bishoping.

Bishopped, or To bishop. A term among horſe dealers, for burning the mark into a horſe's tooth, after he has loſt it by age... It is a common ſaying of milk that is burnt to, that the biſhop has fet his foot in it. Formerly, when a biſhop paſſed through a village, all the inhabitants ran out of their houſes to ſolicit his bleſſing, even leaving their milk, &c. on the fire, to take its chance; which, when burnt to, was ſaid to be biſhopped.

1788, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 2nd edition, Francis Grose

I found his teeth had been filed down and bishoped with the greatest neatness and perfection.

1840, E. E. Napier, Scenes & Sports Foreign Lands, I. v. 138

(by extension, of equestrianism) To make a horse seem younger, particularly by manipulation of its teeth.


event horizon

[əˈvɛɾ̃ həˈɹaɪ.zən]


flight

en-noun

flight (countable and uncountable, plural flights)

From Middle English flight, from Old English flyht (“flight”), from Proto-West Germanic *fluhti (“flight”), derived from *fleuganą (“to fly”), from Proto-Indo-European *plewk- (“to fly”), enlargement of *plew- (“flow”). Analyzable as fly + -t (variant of -th).
Cognate with West Frisian flecht (“flight”), Dutch vlucht (“flight”), German Flucht (“flight”) (etymology 2).

(by extension) A comparable sample of beers or other drinks.


flight

en-verb

flight (third-person singular simple present flights, present participle flighting, simple past and past participle flighted)

flights (present singular third-person)
flighting (participle present)
flighted (participle past)
flighted (past)

Riyad Mahrez flighted the free-kick that followed to the far post and Morgan, with not much finesse but plenty of desire, bundled the ball over the line. Cue pandemonium in the stands.

2017 March 14, Stuart James, “Leicester stun Sevilla to reach last eight after Kasper Schmeichel save”, in the Guardian

(sports, by extension, transitive) To throw or kick something so as to send it flying with more loft or airtime than usual.


accelerando

en-noun

accelerando (plural accelerandos or accelerandoes)

accelerandos (plural)
accelerandoes (plural)

/æksɛləˈɹændəʊ/

Borrowed from Italian accelerando, from Latin accelero.

The accelerando of the sciences and of technology, their mathematization have beggared both the reach and the veracity of natural language.

2012, George Steiner, The Poetry of Thought, p. 195

(by extension) Accelerating or exponential advancement or development (of a thing).


milk

milk (countable and uncountable, plural milks)

Solombala English: милекъ (milek)

→ Chuukese: minik

⇒ Gamilaraay: milambaraay

→ Gilbertese: miriki

→ Japanese: ミルク (miruku)

→ Korean: 밀크 (milkeu)

→ Lingala: míliki

→ Maori: miraka

→ Marshallese: milik

→ Volapük: milig

→ Yoruba: mílíìkì

From Middle English milk, mylk, melk, mulc, from Old English meolc, meoluc (“milk”), from Proto-West Germanic *meluk, from Proto-Germanic *meluks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂melǵ-.
Cognates
Cognate with West Frisian molke, Dutch melk, Dutch Low Saxon melk, German Milch, German Low German Melk, Yiddish מילך (milkh), Danish mælk, Norwegian Bokmål mjølk, melk, Norwegian Nynorsk mjølk, Swedish mjölk, Icelandic mjólk, Faroese mjólk, Albanian mjel (“to milk”), Polish mleko, Russian молоко́ (molokó), Welsh blith, Tocharian A malke, Lithuanian malkas, Latvian malks, and possibly Ancient Greek μέλκιον (mélkion).

don't teach your grandmother how to milk ducks

that accounts for the milk in the coconut

why buy the cow when you can get the milk for free

Where it does fall down, however, is its nutritional value. While oats are largely a healthy grain to include in your diet, the milk is highly diluted with water, giving it little nutritional value.

2018 September 16, Alexandra Spring, “'Milk' mania: why most alternatives aren't great – but camel milk just might be”, in The Guardian

For environmentally minded consumers, the news is hard to swallow: almond milk is not healthy for the planet and the popular milk substitute is especially hard on bees.

2020 January 29, Annette McGivney, “Almonds are out. Dairy is a disaster. So what milk should we drink?”, in The Guardian

(uncountable, by extension) A white (or whitish) liquid obtained from a vegetable source such as almonds, coconuts, oats, rice, and/or soy beans.


PC

PC (countable and uncountable, plural PCs)

(Canadian politics, by extension) A member of the Conservative Party of Canada.


cookbook

From cook + book; possibly also a calque of German Kochbuch, from kochen (“cook”) + Buch (“book”).

The Anarchist's Cookbook


jaunty

en-adj

jaunty (comparative jauntier, superlative jauntiest)

jauntier (comparative)
jauntiest (superlative)

Formerly spelt janty, from French gentil. See gentle, and compare genty. Doublet of genteel, gentile, and gentle.

(by extension) Characterized by an affected or fantastical manner.


strafe

en-verb

strafe (third-person singular simple present strafes, present participle strafing, simple past and past participle strafed)

strafes (present singular third-person)
strafing (participle present)
strafed (participle past)
strafed (past)

From German strafe (“punish”) (a conjugated form of strafen), from phrases like "Gott strafe England" ("God punish England") which the British saw during the First World War.

Laffey, fresh off from strafing Hiei, ran straight into a quarter of the Japanese navy's remaining destroyers, and, along with Kirishima, between gunfire and another successful Type 93 torpedo strike that tore off the ship's stern, the hapless destroyer was left drifting, ablaze, and would eventually sink.

2021 March 10, Drachinifel, 20:16 from the start, in Guadalcanal Campaign - The Big Night Battle: Night 1 (IJN 3(?) : 2 USN), archived from the original on 2022-10-17

(transitive, military, by extension) To rake (a target) with rapid or automatic gunfire.


Achaean

Borrowed from Latin Achaeus or Achaius, from Ancient Greek Ἀχαιός (Akhaiós), + -an.

(broadly, literary) In Homeric usage, a Greek person, especially of the Mycenaean era.


Achaean

(broadly, literary) In Homeric usage, of or relating to Greece, especially of the Mycenaean era.


eponym

Alois Alzheimer
Charles Boycott
Christopher Columbus
Earl of Sandwich
Victoria
eponym

From Latin eponymus, from Ancient Greek ἐπώνῠμος (epṓnumos), from ἐπί (epí, “upon, epi-”) + ὄνυμα (ónuma, “name”) + -ος (-os, “forming adjectives and nouns”). Equivalent to epi- + -nym.

эпані́м

person's name that has given rise to the name of something

antonomasia

using an eponym as an example of some quality

"Tangerine" is an eponym in reference to Tangier... The unflattering eponym "shanghai" derived from the behavior of American shippers, not the Chinese themselves...

(loosely, sometimes proscribed) A name or term derived from any proper noun, inclusive of places, brands, etc.


Laurentian

From Latin Laurentius (“Laurence”) + -ian, after the Saint Lawrence River. Piecewise doublet of Laurencian and Lawrentian; compare also lawrencium.

piecewise doublet

(by extension, nonstandard) Of or pertaining to Canada as a whole.


kosher

en-adj

kosher (comparative more kosher, superlative most kosher)

more kosher (comparative)
most kosher (superlative)

From Yiddish כּשר (kosher), from Hebrew כָּשֵׁר (kashér).

Is what I have done kosher with Mr. Smith?

(figuratively, by extension) In accordance with standards or usual practice.


Eucharist

From Middle English eukarist, from Old French, from Ecclesiastical Latin eucharistia, from Ancient Greek εὐχαριστία (eukharistía, “gratitude, giving of thanks”). Displaced native Old English hūsl.

der

, (informal) church

(by extension) A Christian religious service in which this sacrament is enacted.


messiah

From Middle English Messyas, Messy, Messie, from Latin Messīās, from Hellenistic Ancient Greek Μεσσίας (Messías), from Aramaic ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ (məšīḥā), from Biblical Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ (māšîaḥ, “anointed”). Doublet of Masih and Moshiach.

Aramaic ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ (məšīḥā)

The spice exists on only one planet in the entire universe- a desolate, dry planet with vast deserts. Hidden away within the rocks of these deserts are a people known as the Fremen, who have long held a prophecy, that a man would come, a messiah, who would lead them to true freedom. The planet is Arrakis, also known as Dune.

1984, 1:50 from the start, in Dune (Science Fiction), spoken by Princess Irulan, →OCLC

(religion, loosely) A similar religious figure or awaited divine ruler, such as the Islamic Mahdi.


evangelist

From Old French evangeliste, equivalent to evangel + -ist, from ecclesiastical Latin evangelista, from ecclesiastical Ancient Greek εὐαγγελιστής (euangelistḗs, “bringer of good news”), from εὐαγγελίζεσθαι (euangelízesthai, “to evangelize”), from εὐάγγελος (euángelos, “bringing good news”), from εὖ (eû, “well”) + ἀγγέλλειν (angéllein, “to announce”).

uder

εὐαγγελιστής

Booth, William (1829-1912) English evangelist; founder and first general of the Salvation Army ... his subordinates being expected to give him unquestioning obedience.

1992, J. D. Douglas, Who's Who in Christian History, page 94

Yet in the spreading consumer market of the mid-1700s, his renditions competed with others offering a far different account of the evangelist and his message. The famous artist William Hogarth mocked Whitefield in two engravings presenting the revivalist as a religious fanatic who held sway over the superstitious lower orders.

1994, Frank Lambert, "Pedlar in Divinity", page 10

The film implies that the evangelist, as a type, is a fanatic, a sanctimonious prig, and ultimately a hypocrite.

1996, Peter J. Conn, Pearl S. Buck: A Cultural Biography, page 149

(by extension) A person marked by extreme enthusiasm for or support of any cause, particularly with regard to religion.


psycho

Clipping of psychotic and psychopath + -o (“person with characteristic”).

/ˈsaɪ̯.kəʊ̯/

She complained that he was a psycho for driving at such a high speed in heavy traffic.

(derogatory, slang, broadly) A person who acts in a bizarre or dangerous manner.

黐線佬

person acting in a bizarre or dangerous manner


sacrament

From Middle English sacrament, from Old French sacrement, from Ecclesiastical Latin sacrāmentum (“sacrament”), from Latin sacrō (“hallow, consecrate”), from sacer (“sacred, holy”), originally sum deposited by parties to a suit.

der

The dots are easy to connect, because they’re so close together, and because they’re the entry and exit wounds inflicted on US society by the subculture whose sacrament is the gun.

2022 May 30, Rebecca Solnit, “US mass shootings will continue until the majority can overrule the minority”, in The Guardian

(by extension) A thing which is regarded as possessing a sacred character or mysterious significance.


Muscovite

1535. From Latin Moscovita (“resident of Moscow or Muscovy, Russian”), also Muscovita, Moschovita, from Moscovia or Muscovia (“Muscovy”) + -ita.


marathon

→ Bengali: ম্যারাথন (mêrathon)

desctree

→ Chinese: 馬拉松／马拉松 (mǎlāsōng)
→ Zhuang: majlahsungh

desc

Mandarin: 馬拉松／马拉松 (mǎlāsōng), 马拉松 (mǎlāsōng)

→ Gujarati: મેરેથોન (merethon)

→ Hindi: मैराथन (mairāthan)

desctree

→ Japanese: マラソン (marason)
→ Hakka: 馬拉松／马拉松 (mà-la-sóng)

→ Korean: 마라톤 (maraton)

→ Swahili: marathoni

/ˈmæɹə(ˌ)θɔn/

/ˈmɛɹə(ˌ)θɔn/

Battle of Marathon
Michel Bréal
marathon

From French marathon, coined in 1894 by linguist Michel Bréal for the first modern time Olympic Games after Ancient Greek Μαραθών (Marathṓn), a town northeast of Athens. Phidippides the Greek ran the distance from Marathon to Athens to deliver a message regarding the Battle of Marathon. The modern sport of marathon running is based on a run approximately the same distance. The toponym itself comes from μάραθον (márathon, “fennel”) and refers to the prevalence of the plant in the area.

He had a cleaning marathon the night before his girlfriend came over.

After a marathon session that included more than 14 hours of mostly negative public comment, the council agreed 11 to 4 to fund the center, and then gaveled out just before 6 a.m.

2023 June 10, Patricia Murphy, “OPINION: ‘Atlanta way’ long gone as city leaders face death threats over training center”, in The Atlanta Journal-Constitution

(figuratively, by extension) Any extended or sustained activity.


regret

en-verb

regret (third-person singular simple present regrets, present participle regretting, simple past and past participle regretted)

regrets (present singular third-person)
regretting (participle present)
regretted (participle past)
regretted (past)

From Middle English regretten, regreten, from Old French regreter, regrater (“to lament”), from re- (intensive prefix) + *greter, *grater (“to weep”), from Frankish *grātan (“to weep, mourn, lament”), from Proto-Germanic *grētaną (“to weep”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰreh₁d- (“to sound”); and Frankish *greutan (“to cry, weep”), from Proto-Germanic *greutaną (“to weep, cry”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrewd- (“to weep, be sad”), equivalent to re- + greet. Cognate with Old High German grāzan (“to cry”), Old English grǣtan (“to weep, greet”), Old English grēotan (“to weep, lament”), Old Norse gráta (“to weep, groan”), Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌴𐍄𐌰𐌽 (grētan, “to weep”). More at greet.

der

I regret that I have to do this, but I don't have a choice.

(more generally) To feel sorry about (any thing).


apotheosis

en-noun

apotheosis (countable and uncountable, plural apotheoses)

/əˌpɒθ.iːˈəʊ.sɪs/

Borrowed from Latin apotheōsis, from Ancient Greek ἀποθέωσις (apothéōsis), from verb ἀποθεόω (apotheóō, “deify”) (factitive verb formed from θεός (theós, “God”) with intensive prefix ἀπο- (apo-)) + -σις (-sis, “forms noun of action”). By surface analysis, apo- + theo- + -sis.

surf

(loosely) Release from earthly life, ascension to heaven; death.


halal

halaal

in general, according to Muslim customs, permissible to have or do

Is this kosher? I hear you ask. Is it halal? Can this really be viewed as strict adherence to the letter and spirit of the competition?

2008, Nicholas Drayson, A Guide to the Birds of East Africa, page 120

(figuratively, by extension) In accordance with standards or usual practice; acceptable.


teleology

en-noun

teleology (countable and uncountable, plural teleologies)

From Ancient Greek τέλος (télos, “purpose”), genitive τέλεος (téleos), and λόγος (lógos, “word, speech, discourse”).

In short, what every student of biology knows – that within nature there is a teleology having to do with the survival of the species which underpins the distinction between the two sexes and produces between them a natural affinity for one another – no surgeon who knows what is good for him may now say.

2011, Paul A. Rahe, Truths You Cannot Utter

(by extension) An instance of such a design or purpose, usually in natural phenomena.


grandee

Borrowed from Spanish grande (adjective), from Latin grandis (“large, great”). Doublet of grand and grande.

Whereupon most did desist; but some, secreting their cigars in the hollow of their hands, took whiffs by stealth, and blushed to find it fame; while others, who were such grandees and big pots that their own convenience was the first and foremost desideratum, continued to smoke with lordliness and indifference.

1897, Thomas Anstey Guthrie, “X”, in Baboo Hurry Bungsho Jabberjee, B.A., page 78

It is hard to see a good ending to the story of Peng Shuai, a Chinese tennis champion who on November 2nd accused a former Communist Party grandee more than twice her age of subjecting her to a coercive sexual relationship.

2021 November 27, “What Peng Shuai reveals about one-party rule”, in Economist


whiteboard

→ German: Whiteboard

→ Swedish: whiteboard

From white + board, modelled on blackboard.

(by extension, computing) A collaborative tool allowing several users to write and draw on the same shared display.


Christmas tree

The modern infantryman is a Christmas tree of weaponry, with grenades and extra ammunition hanging from all parts of his upper body.

(informal, by extension) Anything elaborately ornamented or decorated.


nostrum

From Latin nostrum (“ours”), nominative neuter of noster (“our, ours”).

reformers of church charities [...made] known […] their different nostrums for setting Hiram's Hospital on its feet again.

1857, Anthony Trollope, Barchester Towers

And not because some clatch of bureaucrats in Strasbourg or Luxembourg have issued yet another directive, but because Europeans are recognising that 19th century nostrums are not solutions to 21st century problems—on the contrary, they are the problem—and it's time to encourage competition, risk taking, democracy and meritocracy, and, dare I say it, dreaming about a different, better future.

1996, Louis Rossetto, “19th Century Nostrums are not Solutions to 21st Century Problems”, in Mute, volume 1, number 4, →ISSN

In a paper being published today, he writes: "The traditional Conservative vision of welfare as a safety net encompasses another outdated Tory nostrum - that poverty is absolute, not relative. […]

2006 November 22, Tania Branigan, quoting Greg Clark, “Cameron told: it's time to ditch Churchill”, in The Guardian

Neocons have far more interest in foreign policy than domestic policy. As regards the latter the reflex nostrums of right-wing attitudes apply: less tax, less government, libertarianism about matters such as gun control, encouragement of individual responsibility in health care and education, 'faith-based solutions' to social and welfare problems, and so forth.

2009, A.C. Grayling, Ideas That Matter: A Personal Guide for the 21st Century

With the glaring failure to predict even the possibility—much less circumstance—of the recent Crash and with the even more foreseeable failure of its tired old, rehashed nostrums of ending the slump by means of an inequitable programme of corporate welfare, inflationary "unorthodoxy", and the unleashing of the debt-spewing monster of the state to gorge itself upon such things as individuals and private concerns no longer care to consumer, it should hardly be controversial to asset that mainstream macroeconomics—and the reputations of the many panderers to power who practice it—are equally broken.

This is not least because a permeable membrane exists between the questioning of certain nostrums of the system, and questioning that system in its entirety.

2022, China Miéville, chapter 4, in A Spectre, Haunting: On the Communist Manifesto, →OCLC

(by extension) An ineffective but favorite remedy for a problem, usually involving political action.

patenttilääke

ineffective but favorite remedy for a problem, especially political


ecology

ecology (countable and uncountable, plural ecologies)

Calque of German Ökologie (coined in 1866 by Ernst Haeckel), from Ancient Greek οἶκος (oîkos, “house”) + -λογία (-logía, “study of”). By surface analysis, eco- + -logy.

social ecology

linguistic ecology

(by extension) Any study of the relationships of components of a system with their environment and with each other.


dash

From Middle English daschen, dassen, from Danish daske (“to slap, strike”), related to Swedish daska (“to smack, slap, spank”), of obscure origin. Compare German tatschen (“to grope, paw”), Old English dwǣsċan (“to quell, put out, destroy, extinguish”). See also dush.

noncog

(by extension) The longer of the two symbols of Morse code.

There is a dash of craziness in his personality.

(figurative, by extension) A slight admixture.


tool

From Middle English tool, tol, from Old English tōl (“tool, implement, instrument”, literally “that with which one prepares something”), perhaps borrowed from Old Norse tól, but at any rate ultimately from Proto-Germanic *tōlą (“that which is used in preparation, tool”), from Proto-Indo-European *dewh₂- (“to tie to, secure”), equivalent to taw (“to prepare”) + -le (agent suffix). Cognate with Scots tuil (“tool, implement, instrument, device”), Icelandic tól (“tool”), Faroese tól (“tool, instrument”). Related to Old English tāwian (“to make, prepare, or cultivate”); see taw, and tow ("fibres used for spinning").

cog

He won't sell us tickets because it's 3:01, and they went off sale at 3. That guy's such a tool.

(by extension, vulgar, slang, derogatory) An obnoxious or uptight person.


jackboot

That country has been under the jackboot of the military for years.

(informal, by extension) The spirit that motivates a totalitarian or overly militaristic regime or policy.


parmesan

en-noun

parmesan (usually uncountable, plural parmesans)

/ˈpɑːmɪˌzæn/

/ˌpɑːmɪˈzæn/

found in the US, perhaps under influence from Italian

/ˈpɑɹ.məˌʒɑn/

/ˈpɑːməˌzən/

Borrowed from Middle French parmesan, from an earlier Vulgar Latin *parmēsānus, restructuring of Latin parmēnsis (from Latin Parma).
Compare Italian parmigiano, Catalan parmesà, Portuguese parmesão, Sicilian parmisanu, Spanish parmesano

(by extension) A similar cheese produced elsewhere.


chop

→ Cantonese: chop (cop1)

→ Macanese: chop

Borrowed from Hindi छाप (chāp, “stamp”). Closely related to the similarly descended Malay word cap, which likely reinforced the English usage within the Malay world.

(colloquial, by extension, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei) The device used for stamping or sealing, which also contains the design to be imprinted.


The Hague

From the French translation (confused with La Hague) of Dutch Den Haag, short form of 's-Gravenhage, from Middle Dutch des Graven hage (1400s), literally, "the Count's hedge[-enclosed hunting grounds]",

(by extension, figurative) A conviction and/or punishment for a destructive, harmful or immoral act.


Tel Aviv

From Hebrew תֵּל אָבִיב (tel 'avív), from the title of Nahum Sokolow's translation of Theodor Herzl's Altneuland (“The Old New Land”). From תֵּל (tél, “hill formed by ancient ruins”), symbolizing the Old, and אָבִיב ('avív, “Spring”), symbolizing the New.


scarecrow

/ˈskɛɚˌkɹoʊ/

The noun is derived from scare (“to frighten, startle, terrify”) + crow (“bird of the genus Corvus”). The word displaced other terms such as bogle (now dialectal, dated), sewel or shewel, and shoy-hoy (perhaps imitative of the cry of crows).
The verb is derived from the noun.

compound

(tall, thin person):

(by extension, derogatory) A person regarded as resembling a scarecrow (sense 1) in some way; especially, a tall, thin, awkward person; or a person wearing ragged and tattered clothes.

variksenpelätin

person regarded as resembling a scarecrow in some way


pyramid

en-noun

pyramid (countable and uncountable, plural pyramids)

From French pyramide, from Old French piramide, from Latin pȳramis, pȳramidis, from Ancient Greek πῡραμίς (pūramís), possibly from πῡρός (pūrós, “wheat”) + ἀμάω (amáō, “reap”) or from Egyptian pr-m-ws (“height of a pyramid”), from pr (“(one that) comes forth”) + m (“from”) + ws (“height”). Schenkel and K. Lang proposed hypothetical Coptic *ⲡⲓⲣⲁⲙ (*piram) or *ⲫⲣⲁⲙ (*phram) derived from Egyptian mr via metathesis as a source of πῡραμίς (pūramís) while Schenkel also suggested it being the source of Arabic هرم although the latter is considered far-fetched by Takacs.

der

The company was organized as a pyramid, with a CEO in charge of four directors, each heading up a department.

They sit looking at the empty plate that had held a pyramid of sesame cakes. They have eaten them all.

1960, John Updike, 'Rabbit, Run', page 63

A telephone pyramid is now being formed to fill this need. Once a representative group of community people decide a crisis exists […] a list of people will be called, who in turn will call a small number of others from a list already in their possession. This process continues untill as much of the community as possible has been notified. The numbers will be kept in strict confidence, with no one other than the organizers having the entire list. Individual callers will only have a few names and numbers.

1973 August 18, “Gay [drawing of a pyramid (sense 1)]”, in Gay Community News, volume 1, number 9, page 1

(by extension) Any structure or diagram with many members at the bottom and progressively fewer towards the top.


vanguard

Earlier forms included vandgard and (a)vantgard, derived from Old French avan(t)garde (“before guard”). Doublet of avant-garde and vaward.

[O]ne minute this "Jihadi John" was struggling to get by, and get accepted, in drizzly England, unemployed with a mortgage to pay and a chip on his shoulder, and the next he stands in brilliant Levantine sunlight, where everything is clear and etched, at the vanguard of some Sunni Risorgimento intent on subjecting the world to its murderous brand of Wahhabi Islam.

2014 November 17, Roger Cohen, “The horror! The horror! The trauma of ISIS [print version: International New York Times, 18 November 2014, page 9]”, in The New York Times

(by extension) The person(s) at the forefront of any group or movement.


mail

en-noun

mail (usually uncountable, plural mails)

From Middle English mayle (“mail armor”), borrowed from Old French maille (“loop, stitch”), from Vulgar Latin *macla, from Latin macula (“blemish, mesh”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *smh₁-tleh₂, from *smeh₁- (“smear, rub”).

zguall

armour consisting of metal rings or plates linked together

(uncountable, by extension, now fiction, fantasy) Armour consisting of small plates linked together.


Manila

From Spanish Manila, from Tagalog Maynila, from may (“there is”) + nila (“indigo”), Tagalog nila from Sanskrit नील (nīla).

National Capital Region
National Capital Region

(loosely) Metro Manila, the National Capital Region (NCR).

May-nilad

based on an antiquarian and inaccurate etymology


perennial

The adjective is borrowed from Latin perennis (“lasting through the whole year or for several years, perennial; continual, everlasting, perpetual”) + English -al (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). Perennis is derived from per- (“completive or intensifying prefix with the sense of doing something all the way through or entirely”) + annus (“year; season, time”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂et- (“to go”)). By surface analysis, per- + -ennial.
The noun is derived from the adjective.
cognates
* Middle French pérenne (modern French pérenne (“lasting through the whole year, perennial”))
* Italian perenne (“lasting for a long time”)
* Spanish perenne (“eternal; permanent; a perennial plant”)

cog

(by extension)
A thing that lasts forever.

Some of the stars on our list are perennials who fill huge venues year after year after year, but there's also a returning superstar on our list of the hottest summer tours of 2019.

2019 June 21, Sterling Whitaker, “Hottest Country Tours to See in Summer 2019”, in Taste of Country, archived from the original on 2021-05-31

A person or thing (such as a problem) that appears or returns regularly.


heat

en-noun

heat (countable and uncountable, plural heats)

From Middle English hete, from Old English hǣtu, from Proto-West Germanic *haitī, from Proto-Germanic *haitį̄ (“heat”), from Proto-Indo-European *keHy- (“heat; hot”). Cognate with Scots hete (“heat”), North Frisian hiet (“heat”), Old High German heizī (“heat”). Related also to Dutch hitte (“heat”), German Hitze (“heat”), Swedish hetta (“heat”), Icelandic hiti (“heat”).

op hitte

condition where a mammal is aroused sexually or where it is especially fertile

The first heat of the Rotary Young Chef Competition went underway on Monday 16th December…

2019 December 20, Becca, lakedistricthotels.net

(countable, by extension) A stage in a competition, not necessarily a sporting one; a round.


screed

From Middle English screde [and other forms], a variant of shrede (“fragment, scrap; strip of cloth; strip cut off from a larger piece; band or thread woven into fabric; element, streak”) (whence shred (noun)), from Old English sċrēad, sċrēade (“a piece cut off; paring, shred”), from Proto-Germanic *skraudō (“a piece, shred; a cut, crack”), from *skraudaną (“to cut up, shred”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off”). The English word is cognate with Old Frisian skrēd. Doublet of escrow, scroll, and shred.

der

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-screed.wav

When he [Herman Melville] had finished the first part of his novel [Pierre; or, The Ambiguities], and printed it, the publishers would have nothing to do with it. They claimed they had been deluded into accepting a villainous and blasphemous screed against religion and morality and all right living.

1939, Patrick Francis Quinn, “Pierre”, in The Fatalism of Herman Melville (unpublished B.A. and M.A. dissertation), Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin, →OCLC, page 76

One of our primary tasks is to replace racist screeds like The Bell Curve and The End of Racism with sound economic arguments that are relatively simple to understand and yet serious enough to encompass divergent points of view.

1999, Marcellus Andrews, “A Preface in Three Parts: Economics as a Razor”, in The Political Economy of Hope and Fear: Capitalism and the Black Condition in America, New York, N.Y., London: New York University Press, page 5

One of the more regular correspondents to the club was an Everton fan, who'd send in an abusive screed each time Albion were due to play on Merseyside. He directed this at [Ron] Atkinson, urging him not to select his "monkeys" for the game.

2014 July 25, Paul Rees, “‘We got off the coach and the National Front was there … People spat at us’”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-02-17

(by extension) A speech or piece of writing which contains angry and extended criticism.

litanie

speech or piece of writing which contains angry and extended criticism — see also diatribe, harangue


translator

[ˌtʰɹænzˈleɪtʰɚ]

[ˌtʰɹænzˈleɪɾɚ]

From Middle English translatour, from Old French translator, translatour, translateur, from Latin trānslātor, agent noun from perfect passive participle trānslātus, from trānsferō (“carry across”), from trans (“across, beyond”) + ferō (“bear, carry”).

(by extension) One that makes a new version of a source material in a different language or format.


noise

en-noun

noise (countable and uncountable, plural noises)

From Middle English noyse, noise, from Old French noise (“a dispute, wrangle, strife, noise”), of uncertain origin. According to some, from Latin nausia, nausea (“disgust, nausea”); according to others, from Latin noxia (“hurt, harm, damage, injury”); but neither explanation is satisfactory in regard to either form or sense.

der

In order to provide coherence and confidence, the leader must dramatically turn down the noise level in the organization, eliminate any unnecessary distractions that inevitably get in the way of execution, and banish the fear of uncertainty.

2013, R. Douglas Williamson, Straight Talk on Leadership: Solving Canada's Business Crisis

(figurative, by extension) Unwanted fuss or bustle; useless activity.


Boeotian

en-adj

Boeotian (comparative more Boeotian, superlative most Boeotian)

more Boeotian (comparative)
most Boeotian (superlative)

we will leave to thy sagacity to apply all this to the Boeotian writers, and to those authors who are their opposites.

1749, Henry Fielding, Tom Jones, Folio Society, published 1973, page 418

(by extension) Stupid, foolish, dull-witted.


Boeotian

(by extension) A dull or ignorant person.


bald

bald (comparative balder, superlative baldest)

balder (comparative)
baldest (superlative)

From Middle English balled, ballid, bald (“bald”), of uncertain origin. Probably formed from Middle English bal, balle (“ball, round object, knoll, head”). Compare with Old Danish bældet (“bald”).
Alternate etymology has Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐌰- (bala-, “shining, grey (of body)”), Old English bǣl (“fire, flame; funeral pyre”) (both from Proto-Germanic *bēlą), Albanian balë (“white spot on the forehead”) and ballë (“forehead”).

cog

The bald cypress is a tree that loses its leaves in winter.


nuclear

From Latin nū̆cleus, a contraction of the adjective nuculeus, masculine of feminine nuculea (“pertaining to a small nut”) from nucula + adjectival suffix -eus, -ea, -eum. The Latin nucula + -āris adds up to nuculāris, a term that in English becomes nucular; the Latin nuculea + -āris, becomes Latin nuculeāris (“relative to what pertains to small nut”), later contracted into nuclear. By surface analysis, nucle(us) + -ar = nucle- + -ar. Compare muscle and Latin mūsculus; muscular and mūsculāris.

bërthamor

of a weapon: deriving its force from nuclear energy

nuclear option, nuclear solution

The states begging for aid get turned away; and sharp cuts in government employment, spending, and, eventually, pension payments are the only alternative future, beyond the nuclear solution of defaulting on our debt.

The nuclear approach is the simpler of the two. When two constraints conflict, you can kill one of them.

2013, Erica Sadun, iOS Auto Layout Demystified, page 150

We’ve now had 20 years of cautionary tales about replyallpocalypses. For the sake of workplace harmony: keep your pointer off the nuclear button.

2017 February 3, Elle Hunt, “When is it appropriate to reply all? Mostly never”, in The Guardian

Republicans have taken the historic step of triggering the so-called "nuclear option" to change the rules of the Senate and push through Donald Trump's pick for the Supreme Court, after Democrats blocked the nomination.

2017 April 6, Mythili Sampathkumar, “Democrats filibuster forces Republicans to use 'nuclear option to confirm Trump's Supreme Court pick”, in The Independent

(by extension, figurative, of a solution or response) Involving an extreme course of action, or one with severe consequences.


bunion

From alteration of earlier bunny (“lump, swelling”), from Middle English bony, boni (“bunion, swelling”), perhaps Italian bubbone (augmented form of bugno (“beehive”)), or more likely from Lombard bugnon (“bunyon”), all three from Old French bugne, buigne, bune (“bump, knob, swelling”), from Old Norse bunga (“an elevation, bulge”) or Frankish *bungjō (“a swelling, lump, bump”), both from Proto-Germanic *bungô, *bunkô (“lump, clump, heap, crowd”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰenǵʰ- (“thick, dense, fat”). Cognate with Dutch bonk (“lump, clump”), German Bunge (“swelling, tuber”).

der

(colloquial, by extension) Hallux valgus, deviation of the big toe from its normal position towards the other toes, the prime cause for the swelling of its first joint.


berth

The noun is derived from Late Middle English birth (“(nautical) bearing away or off, clearance, berth”); further etymology uncertain, probably from beren (“to carry (away), bear”) + -th (suffix denoting a condition, quality, state of being, etc., forming nouns), Beren is derived from Old English beran (“to carry, hold, bear”), from Proto-West Germanic *beran (“to carry, bear”), from Proto-Germanic *beraną (“to carry, bear”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti (“to be carrying”), from *bʰer- (“to carry, bear”). If so, the English word is analysable as bear + -th (suffix forming nouns from verbs), and is a piecewise doublet of birth.
The verb is derived from the noun.

pelivara

(nautical) sufficient space in the water for a ship or other vessel to lie at anchor or manoeuvre; (figurative) sufficient room or space for manoeuvring or safety

(nautical) Chiefly in wide berth: a sufficient space in the water for a ship or other vessel to lie at anchor or manoeuvre without getting in the way of other vessels, or colliding into rocks or the shore.

(by extension) A place for a vessel to lie at anchor or to moor.

корабно място

(nautical) place for a vessel to lie at anchor or to moor; (road transport) place for a vehicle on land to park

(by extension) A room in a vessel in which the officers or company mess (“eat together”) and reside; also, a room or other place in a vessel for storage.

messi

room in a vessel in which the officers or company mess and reside; room or other place in a vessel for storage

By what I then thought to be great good luck I had succeeded in getting a three-berth cabin for myself and my little boy alone—Nos. 45, 46, 47—on the starboard side of the ship.

1885 December, [Alice Kipling], “The Haunted Cabin”, in Quartette, the Christmas Annual of the Civil & Military Gazette, Lahore, British India: The “Civil and Military Gazette” Press, →OCLC, page 41

(by extension) A place on a vessel to sleep, especially a bed on the side of a cabin.

(by extension) A job or position on a vessel.

длъжност

(nautical) job or position on a vessel; (figurative) appointment, job, or position — see also appointment, job, position

An assigned place for a person in (chiefly historical) a horse-drawn coach or other means of transportation, or (military) in a barracks.

means of transportation
means of transportation

paikka

assigned place for a person in a horse-drawn coach or other means of transportation, or in a barracks

It is realised that the old Pullman standard sleeper, with its convertible "sections", each containing upper and lower berths, and with no greater privacy at night than the curtains drawn along both sides of a middle aisle, has had its day.

1944 November–December, “‘Duplex Roomette’ Sleeping Cars”, in The Railway Magazine, London: Tothill Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 324

A bunk or other bed for sleeping on in a caravan, a train, etc.

койка

(nautical) place on a vessel to sleep; (by extension) bunk or other bed for sleeping on in a caravan, a train, etc.

(road transport) A place for a vehicle on land to park.


berth

en-verb

berth (third-person singular simple present berths, present participle berthing, simple past and past participle berthed)

berths (present singular third-person)
berthing (participle present)
berthed (participle past)
berthed (past)

(by extension, chiefly passive voice) To assign (someone) a berth (noun sense 1.3 or sense 2.2) or place to sleep on a vessel, a train, etc.

sijoittaa

to assign (someone) a berth or place to sleep on a vessel, a train, etc.

(by extension) Of a person: to occupy a berth.


knock off

knock off (third-person singular simple present knocks off, present participle knocking off, simple past and past participle knocked off)

knocks off (present singular third-person)
knocking off (participle present)
knocked off (participle past)
knocked off (past)

→ Dutch: afnokken (calque)

In the verb sense of stopping work, said to be from the practice aboard slave galleys to have a man beat time for the rowers by knocking on a block or drum; when he stopped, the rowers could rest.

The Hammers knocked off Arsenal on the strength of a 78th-minute tally from Jarrod Bowen.

(transitive, slang) To kill.
(sports, by extension) To defeat.


crossword

→ French: mots croisés (calque)

desc

→ Greek: σταυρόλεξο (stavrólexo) (calque)

→ Russian: кроссворд (krossvord)

HOW TO ENTER::Fill in the crossword and send it to CROSSWORD No.54, DRUM, 176 Main Street, Johannesburg

1957, Drum: A magazine of Africa for Africa, page 72

I sat on the bed and began to fill in the crossword.

1962, Juan Garcia Hortelano, Summer Storm, page 175

All you have to do is fill in the crossword on this page and write your name and address on the coupon in Block Capitals (those written in longhand will not qualify).

1967, Pigeon Racing News and Gazette - Volumes 23-24, page 27

They should be able to fill out the crossword using their knowledge from this chapter.

1979, Judith A. Gillespie, An Energy Curriculum for the Elementary Grades - Page 2-45, Indiana Dept. of Commerce Energy Group, page 2-45

You said you wanted me to fill out the crossword for you!

2021, Sarah Everett, Some Other Now, page 218

Flair, the butler, drank.[…]On weekdays when we were alone, he would open The Times and fill in the crossword, each clue no sooner read than solved. At weekends he merely read the crossword, then ironed the paper before giving it to Herbie.

2021, Sian Phillips, Private Faces and Public Places: The Autobiography

(informal, by extension) The grid of such a puzzle


tap

The noun is derived from Middle English tappe (“hollow device for controlling the flow of liquid from a hole, cock, faucet, spigot; hole through which the liquid flows; the liquid which thus flows”), from Old English tæppa, from Proto-West Germanic *tappō, from Proto-Germanic *tappô (“a plug, tap; peg; tapering stick”), from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂p- (“to lose; to sacrifice”).
The verb is derived from Middle English tappen (“to obtain (liquid, chiefly liquor) from a tap; to obtain and sell (liquor)”), from Old English tæppian (“to provide (a container) with a stopper; to obtain (liquid) from a tap”), and then either:
* from Old English tæppa (see above) + -ian (suffix forming verbs); or
* from Proto-Germanic *tappōną, from *tappô (noun) (see above).
Verb sense 1.3.5 (“to turn over (a playing card or playing piece) to remind players that it has already been used in that round”) alludes to the abilities or resources of the card or piece having been drawn on to the point of temporary exhaustion: see verb sense 1.3.2.

rubinet

hollow device used to control the flow of a fluid — see also faucet

An object with a tapering cylindrical form like a tap (sense 1); specifically, short for taproot (“long, tapering root of a plant”).

tappi

We don’t have bottled water; you’ll have to get it from the tap.

Is the tap water here safe to drink?

A hollow device used to control the flow of a fluid, such as an alcoholic beverage from a cask, or a gas or liquid in a pipe.

abdominal tap    pleural tap    spinal tap

(medicine, informal) A procedure that removes fluid from a body cavity; paracentesis.

a liquor of the same tap

Liquor drawn through a tap (sense 2.2); hence, a certain kind or quality of liquor; also (figurative, informal), a certain kind or quality of any thing.

hanajuoma

liquor drawn through a tap; certain kind or quality of liquor; certain kind or quality of any thing

(communication, chiefly law enforcement)

A device used to listen in secretly on telephone calls or other communications.

salakuuntelulaite

telephone tap

A secret interception of telephone calls or other communications using such a device; also, a recording of such a communication.

подслу́шване

secret interception of telephone calls or other communications using such a device; recording of such a communication

bond tap    tap issue

(finance) A situation where a borrowing government authority issues bonds over a period of time, usually at a fixed price, with volumes sold on a particular day dependent on market conditions.

myynti

We drilled a hole and then cut the threads with the proper tap to match the valve’s thread.

(mechanics) A cylindrical tool used to cut an internal screw thread in a hole, with cutting edges around the lower end and an upper end to which a handle is fitted to turn the tool.

метчик

(British) Short for taphouse or taproom (“place where alcoholic beverages are served on tap”).

taphouse or taproom

The system was barely keeping pressure due to all of the ill-advised taps along its length.

(British, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering) A connection made to an electrical or fluid conductor without breaking it; a tapping.

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

mechanical engineering
mechanical engineering


amorphous

en-adj

amorphous (comparative more amorphous, superlative most amorphous)

more amorphous (comparative)
most amorphous (superlative)

From Ancient Greek ἄμορφος (ámorphos, “without form, shapeless, deformed”) (itself from ἀ- (a-, “without”) + μορφή (morphḗ, “form”) + -ous. By surface analysis, a- + -morphous.

der

And people talking all the time about the AfD is just what it wants: to foster the impression that the others are ganging up against it. The “authentic” voice of “real people” v the amorphous elite.

2023 September 27, John Kampfner, “German politics has a built-in firewall against the far right. It’s beginning to crack”, in The Guardian, →ISSN

(by extension) Being without definite character or nature.

amorf

being without definite character or nature

(by extension) Lacking organization or unity.


celibacy

en-noun

celibacy (countable and uncountable, plural celibacies)

From Latin caelibātus (“celibacy, a single life”), from caelebs (“unmarried”).

uder

(by extension) Abstinence from sexual relations.