enshrine

en-verb

enshrine (third-person singular simple present enshrines, present participle enshrining, simple past and past participle enshrined)

enshrines (present singular third-person)
enshrining (participle present)
enshrined (participle past)
enshrined (past)

At the centre of Muhammad's achievement was the extraordinary poetry which enshrined his revelations.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 256

(transitive, by extension) To preserve or cherish (something) as though in a shrine; to preserve or contain, especially with some reverence.

փայփայել

to preserve or cherish (something) as though in a shrine


evisceration

en-noun

evisceration (countable and uncountable, plural eviscerations)

The critic delivered another evisceration of the latest movie.

If you were a Belgian, it was pretty and what you would have expected from your boys. If you were a Scot it was painful, an evisceration of McLeish's notion that his team were good enough to go "toe-to-toe" with the third best team in the world. Delusional.

2018 September 7, Tom English, “Scotland 0-4 Belgium”, in BBC Sport

(figurative, by extension) A vigorous verbal or physical assault.


freighter

(aviation, by extension) An aircraft used mainly to carry freight; a cargo aircraft or cargo plane.


fossilization

fossilization (countable and uncountable, plural fossilizations)

From fossil + -ization or fossilize + -ation.

(figuratively, by extension) The process of becoming fixed, unchanging, and out of date.


enlace

en-verb

enlace (third-person singular simple present enlaces, present participle enlacing, simple past and past participle enlaced)

enlaces (present singular third-person)
enlacing (participle present)
enlaced (participle past)
enlaced (past)

(transitive, figurative, by extension) To entangle.


berserk

en-adj

berserk (comparative more berserk, superlative most berserk)

more berserk (comparative)
most berserk (superlative)

The noun is borrowed from Old Norse berserkr (“Norse warrior who fights in a frenzy”), probably from bjǫrn (“bear”) + serkr (“coat; shirt”), referring to the bearskins which the warriors wore. Bjǫrn is possibly ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“brown”); and serkr from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to bind, tie together; thread”). Alternatively, it has been suggested that the first element of the word is from berr (“bare, naked”), referring to warriors who went into battle without armour, but this is now thought unlikely. Doublet of berserker.
The adjective is derived from the noun.
The verb might partly be a back-formation from berserker, analyzed as containing the suffix -er.
cognates
* Icelandic berserkur
* Norwegian Bokmål berserk
* Norwegian Nynorsk berserk
* Swedish bärsärk

ref

From the collection of the Swedish History Museum in Stockholm, Sweden.

der

[T]he writer conjured up a dystopian fantasy more berserk than anything you might find yourself listening to in the small hours at the Stone Circle.

2017 June 26, Alexis Petridis, “Glastonbury 2017 verdict: Radiohead, Foo Fighters, Lorde, Stormzy and more”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-03-30

In amongst the strife, Scott McTominay, whose stoppage-time winner against Israel sent Hampden berserk, and Ryan Christie offered signs of an attacking pulse.

2021 October 12, Jamie Lyall, “Faroe Islands 0 – 1 Scotland”, in BBC Sport, archived from the original on 2022-07-24

(rare, dialectal, slang) Wildly joyous; ecstatic.


soma

Transliteration of Sanskrit सोम (soma). Doublet of haoma.

(by extension, science fiction) Any kind of intoxicating drug.


corona

en-noun

corona (plural coronas or coronae or (obsolete) coronæ)

coronas (plural)
coronae (plural)
coronæ (obsolete plural)

→ Japanese: コロナ (korona)

The noun is borrowed from Latin corōna (“crown; garland, wreath”), from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē, “type of crown; curved object (door handle, tip of a bow, stern of a ship, etc.)”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). The English word is a doublet of crown.
The plural form coronae is borrowed from Latin corōnae.
The verb is derived from the noun.

laki

upper or crownlike portion of certain parts of the body

kruunu

appendage of an organism that resembles a crown or corona

It looked like a miniaturized version of Hiroshima. Fires burned here and there. […] His once and future presidential palace was a crater ringed by a corona of flaming debris.

1980, Philip Caputo, Horn of Africa, 1st Vintage Contemporaries edition, New York, N.Y.: Vintage Books, published February 2002, page 446

[Dale] Hawkins is a tall man, angular and knobby, with a rubbery, animated face and a corona of wavy gray hair, which he wears wet-combed back in a modified old-time pompadour.

2005 summer, Lauren Wilcox, “Dale Hawkins: That’s Guitar Playing”, in Oxford American: A Magazine of the South (Southern Music Issue; 7), number 50, Oxford, Miss.: Oxford American, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-10-27, pages 16–20

Vigil sat across from her, leaning against the wall of what looked like a cave, his corona glowing dimly.

2015, Rawles Marie Lumumba, chapter 4, in Duskfall (Nightshade; book 1), [s.l.]: Takaboo Books

(by extension) Any luminous or crownlike ring around an object or person.


embed

en-verb

embed (third-person singular simple present embeds, present participle embedding, simple past and past participle embedded)

embeds (present singular third-person)
embedding (participle present)
embedded (participle past)
embedded (past)

We wanted to embed our reporter with the Fifth Infantry Division, but the Army would have none of it.

After some unnecessary, producer-pleasing expository text, he opens the movie in close-up on the back of a camo combat helmet Sharpied in Vietnam-style graffiti, effectively embedding the viewer with a bedraggled squad of human soldiers—armed with assault rifles, sawed-off shotguns, and crossbows—as they inch toward the stake-wall of Caesar’s compound in an attempt to bust through, only to be met with deadly clumps of Amazonian arrows and smoky flung projectiles.

2017 July 7, Ignatiy Vishnevetsky, “The ambitious War For The Planet Of The Apes ends up surrendering to formula”, in The Onion AV Club

(transitive, by extension) To include (something) in surrounding matter.


buzz

buzz (third-person singular simple present buzzes, present participle buzzing, simple past and past participle buzzed)

buzzes (present singular third-person)
buzzing (participle present)
buzzed (participle past)
buzzed (past)

From Middle English *bussen, of onomatopoeic origin. Compare Middle English bunning (“buzzing”), Middle English hossing (“buzzing”), Middle English bissen (“to hush”).

zukat

to make a low, continuous, humming or sibilant sound

(intransitive) To make a low, continuous, humming or sibilant sound, like that made by bees with their wings.

(by extension) To utter a murmuring sound; to speak with a low, humming voice.


chute

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-chute.wav

(nautical, slang, by extension) A spinnaker.


crater

First coined 1613, from Latin crātēr (“basin”), from Ancient Greek κρᾱτήρ (krātḗr, “mixing-bowl, wassail-bowl”).

der

(informal, by extension) Any large, roughly circular depression or hole.


corvette

Unadapted borrowing from French corvette.

ubor

(nautical) In a modern navy, a lightly armed and armoured blue water warship, smaller than a frigate, capable of transoceanic duty.

(science fiction, by extension) A starship of comparable role


courtship

en-noun

courtship (countable and uncountable, plural courtships)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-courtship.wav

From court (“demonstration of such respect as is traditionally given at court; attention directed to a person in power; behaviour designed to gain favour; politeness of manner; civility towards someone”) + -ship (suffix forming nouns indicating a property or state of being).

удво́рно̄ст

act of paying court, that is, demonstrating such respect as is traditionally given at a court

(countable, uncountable) The act of paying court, that is, demonstrating such politeness and respect as is traditionally given at a court (“a formal assembly of a sovereign's retinue”).

(by extension) The behaviour exhibited by an animal to attract a mate.

удва́ра̄ње

behaviour exhibited by a male animal to attract a mate


crisp

From Middle English crisp (“curly”), from Old English crisp (“curly”), from Latin crispus (“curly”). Doublet of crape and crepe.

"When she’s not writing, Katie spends her time with her husband and two kids, and their dogs: Wotsit, the King Charles spaniel, and Skips, the three-legged rescue dog. (And yes, they are both named after crisps!)

2018, Katie Ginger, The Little Theatre on the Seafront, HQ

(UK, Ireland, by extension, colloquial) A crunchy, savoury snack food made from potato starch, cornmeal or other starchy cereal grain, packaged and eaten similarly to the above.


fellow

From Middle English felowe, Early Middle English felage (“companion, good friend”) from Old English fēolaga, from Old Norse félagi, derived from félag (“joint venture; partnership”, literally “a laying together of property”), from fé (“livestock, property; money”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *peḱ- (“livestock; wealth”)) + lag (“something laid down; right position; arrangement; companionship, fellowship; partnership”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie down”)).
cognates
* Old Norse filaga, felaka (“partner”, accusative singular), from which the other terms are derived:
* Danish fælle (“companion”)
* Faroese felagi (“member; partner”)
* Icelandic félagi (“companion, comrade, fellow; member; partner”)
* Norwegian felle (“companion”)
* Old Swedish fälaghi (modern Swedish felaga, felaha (“partner”, accusative singular))
* Scots falow, fallow, follow (“associate, companion, comrade”)

toveri

person or thing comparable in characteristics with another person or thing

(by extension, often humorous or ironic) An animal or object.


instrumentation

en-noun

instrumentation (countable and uncountable, plural instrumentations)

bytecode instrumentation

Xcode is Apple's toolkit for developers. It includes an IDE, a design tool (Interface Builder), a compiler, and the iOS emulator, as well as a set of tools for instrumentation and performance analysis.

2012, Dino Esposito, Architecting Mobile Solutions for the Enterprise, Pearson Education

(by extension, computing) The dynamic analysis of a program's performance and behaviour, usually by injecting profiling code into it.


surrender

en-verb

surrender (third-person singular simple present surrenders, present participle surrendering, simple past and past participle surrendered)

surrenders (present singular third-person)
surrendering (participle present)
surrendered (participle past)
surrendered (past)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *upér
Proto-Italic *super
Latin super
Latin super-bor.
Old French sur-
Proto-Italic *wre-
Latin re-
Proto-Indo-European *deh₃-
Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti
Proto-Italic *didō
Latin dō
Latin reddō
Latin prēndoinflu.
Late Latin rendō
Old French rendre
Old French surrendrebor.
English surrender
Borrowed from Old French surrendre, from sur- + rendre (“render”). Noun use is from Anglo-Norman. Displaced native Old English handgang (noun) and on hand gān (verb).

etymon

(military, by extension, transitive) To yield (a town, a fortification, etc.) to an enemy.


cataphract

From Latin cataphractes (“suit of armour”), from Ancient Greek κατάφρακτος (katáphraktos, “suit of armour”), from κατα- (kata-, prefix indicating a great degree or intensity) + φρακτός (phraktós, “protected; fenced in”) (from φράσσω (phrássō, “to fortify, secure; to fence in”)) + -της (-tēs, suffix forming nouns indicating a state of being).

der

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-cataphract.wav

(ichthyology, by extension, obsolete) An outer covering of some fish resembling armour or plate.


deck

From Middle English dekke, borrowed from Middle Dutch dec (“roof, covering”), from Middle Dutch decken, from Old Dutch thecken, from Proto-West Germanic *þakkjan, from Proto-Germanic *þakjaną. Formed the same: German Decke (“covering, blanket”). Doublet of thatch and thack.

rearrange the deck chairs on the Titanic

shuffle the chairs on the deck of the Titanic

(card games, by extension) A set of cards owned by each individual player and from which they draw when playing.


banner

From Middle English baner, from Old French baniere (Modern bannière), of Germanic origin. More at band.

(by extension) The military unit under such a flag or standard.

(by extension) A military or administrative subdivision.

They usually make their case under the banner of environmentalism.

(by extension, figurative) A cause or purpose; a campaign or movement.


gauge

en-noun

gauge (countable and uncountable, plural gauges)

From Middle English gauge, gaugen, from Anglo-Norman, Old Northern French gauger (compare Modern French jauger from Old French jaugier), from gauge (“gauging rod”), from Frankish *galga (“measuring rod, pole”), from Proto-Germanic *galgô (“pole, stake, cross”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰalgʰ-, *ǵʰalg- (“perch, long switch”). Cognate with Old High German galgo, Old Frisian galga, Old English ġealga (“cross-beam, gallows”), Old Norse galgi (“cross-beam, gallows”), Old Norse gelgja (“pole, perch”). Doublet of gallows.

cog

I'm talking about cocking a gauge in between your eyes.

1992, “A Nigga Witta Gun”, in The Chronic, performed by Dr. Dre, Death Row Records

I'm tryin to find ways to cope / But I ain't fuckin' round with the gauge or a rope

1996, “Illusions”, in Cypress Hill III: Temples of Boom, performed by Cypress Hill

It happens everyday don't make me grab the gauge / Dangerously I play, I best to kill with the gauge / And put ya body in the back of that grey Chevrolet

2000, “Grab The Gauge”, in Underground Vol. 3: Kings of Memphis, performed by Three 6 Mafia

(US, slang, by extension) A shotgun (synecdoche for 12 gauge shotgun, the most common chambering for combat and hunting shotguns).


immune

en-adj

immune (comparative more immune, superlative most immune)

more immune (comparative)
most immune (superlative)

From Middle English, from Middle French immun, from Latin immūnis (“exempt from public service”), from in- (“not”) + mūnus (“service”).

der

Alas, he was immune to my charms.

[...] most of the original electrical signalling equipment has had to be replaced by apparatus immune to 50-cycle currents.

1959 June, “The opening of the Colchester-Walton-Clacton electrification”, in Trains Illustrated, page 306


racy

en-adj

racy (comparative racier, superlative raciest)

racier (comparative)
raciest (superlative)

From race (“having a characteristic taste (of wines, fruits, etc.)”) + -y.

suffix

(figurative, by extension) Exciting to the mind by a strong or distinctive character of thought or language; peculiar and piquant; fresh and lively.

дързък

lively and entertaining and typically slightly risque


onslaught

From on- + slaught. Formed after Middle Dutch aenslag, aenslach, equivalent to aen + slag, although slaught corresponds to Middle Dutch slacht; slag is cognate with the English weaving term sley. Compare Dutch aanslag and German Anschlag.

They opened the doors and prepared for the onslaught of holiday shoppers.

The inevitable Baggies onslaught followed as substitute Simon Cox saw his strike excellently parried by keeper Bunn, with Cox heading the rebound down into the ground and agonisingly over the bar.

2010 December 28, Kevin Darling, “West Brom 1 - 3 Blackburn”, in BBC

(by extension) A large number of people or things resembling an attack.

nájezd

large quantity of people or things resembling an attack


growl

From Middle English groulen, grollen, gurlen (“of the bowels: to growl, rumble”), either possibly from Old French groler (variant of croler (“to be agitated, shake”)), grouler, grouller (“to growl, grumble”), from Frankish *grullen, *gruljan or from Old English gryllan, both from Proto-Germanic *gruljaną (“to make a sound; to growl, grumble, rumble”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to make a noise; to mumble, murmur; to rattle; to grind; to rub, stroke”), probably ultimately imitative. The word is cognate with Middle Dutch grollen (“to make a noise; to croak, grumble, murmur; to be angry”) (modern Dutch grollen (“to grumble”)), German grollen (“to rumble; to be angry, bear ill will”), Old English grillan, griellan (“to provoke, offend; to gnash the teeth”). Compare grill.
The noun is derived from the verb.

cog

(by extension) A similar sound made by a human.

Riding down the main thoroughfare, the growl of his stomach taints the soothing jazz playing on the radio.

2004, Rique Johnson, chapter 2, in Whispers from a Troubled Heart, Largo, Md.: Strebor Books, page 21

(by extension) The rumbling sound made by a human's hungry stomach.

The Welsh farmer, strong, broad-shouldered and blue-eyed, acknowledged Willie's presence by an unintelligible ejaculation which sounded very much like a growl, and with not very cheerful hospitality pushed a chair towards him. […] [T]he farmer swallowed his broth in huge spoonfuls, alternating with growls, […]

1864 July, Robert M. Anderson, “Over the Plains”, in The Dollar Monthly Magazine, volume XX, number 1 (number 115 overall), Boston, Mass.: Office American Union, Flag of Our Union, and Novelette […], →OCLC, page 44, column 1

One of the shows we saw was Captain Beefheart at the Finsbury Park Astoria, now the Rainbow Theatre. It was one of my all-time favorite shows, the Captain an outrageous character who defied all bounds of middle-class taste with his Delta-blues growl and made-up language.

2014, Billy Idol, “Sucking in the ’70s”, in Dancing with Myself, New York, N.Y.: Touchstone, Simon & Schuster, part I (London), page 44

The growl effect comes from fitting a small straight mute—a cornet mute for trumpet and a trumpet mute for trombone—covering the instrument's bell with a rubber plunger, the kind used by plumbers, and moving it in and out to affect the tone.

2013, Stephen Feinstein, quoting John Chilton, “Duke Ellington”, in Incredible African-American Jazz Musicians, Berkeley Heights, N.J.: Enslow Publishers, page 28

Just as [Duke] Ellington the composer was not the originator of the growls, moans, and other expressive devices that jazz musicians developed from European instruments, neither was he the particular techniques he used at the piano. It was the wealth of possibilities he uncovered for combining, simplifying, expanding, or even distorting the common jazz piano vocabulary of the day that put Ellington in a class by himself.

2014, Bill Dobbins, “Duke Ellington and the World of Jazz Piano”, in Edward Green, Evan Spring, editors, The Cambridge Companion to Duke Ellington (African-American Collective Biographies), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, page 197

(jazz, by extension) A low-pitched rumbling sound produced with a wind instrument.


drab

en-noun

drab (countable and uncountable, plural drabs)

Probably from Middle French and Old French drap (“cloth”), either:
* from Late Latin drappus (“drabcloth, kerchief; piece of cloth”), most likely from Gaulish *drappo, from Proto-Indo-European *drep- (“to scratch, tear”); or
* from Frankish *drapi, *drāpi (“that which is fulled, drabcloth”), from Proto-Germanic *drap-, *drēp- (“something beaten”), from *drepaną (“to beat, strike”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrebʰ- (“to beat, crush; to make or become thick”).
The English word is cognate with Ancient Greek δρέπω (drépō, “to pluck”), Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬀𐬟𐬱𐬀 (drafša, “banner, flag”), Lithuanian drãpanos (“household linens”), Old Norse trefja (“to rub, wear out”), trof (“fringes”), Sanskrit द्रापि (drāpi, “mantle, gown”), Serbo-Croatian drápati (“to scratch, scrape”)).

cog

Watership Down review – CGI rabbits can't save this Christmas turkey. The 1970s cartoon traumatised generations of children, but the new version is tame, drab and deeply unsatisfying. What, really, was the point?

2018 December 23, Lucy Mangan, “WatershipDown review - CGI rabbits can't save this Christmas turkey”, in The Guardian

A drab office block sandwiched between a pub and a branch of Starbucks was a secret base of spy agency GCHQ, it has been confirmed. The anonymous building opposite St James's Park Tube station in central London was used by British spooks for 66 years.

2019 April 5, Joseph Lee, “Drab London office block was GCHQ spy base”, in BBC

(by extension) A dull or uninteresting appearance or situation, unremarkable.


drab

en-adj

drab (comparative drabber, superlative drabbest)

drabber (comparative)
drabbest (superlative)

Year by year they will find her with even thinner hair, sharper shoulders, drabber cheeks; and he, looking upon her with the forgiveness of complete indifference, will say to himself, "She is bad, and she is ugly; I was well rid of her!"

1869 December, [Rhoda Broughton], “Red as a Rose is She”, in Temple Bar: A London Magazine for Town and Country Readers, volume XXVIII, London: Richard Bentley, […]; New York, N.Y.: Willmer and Rogers, published March 1870, →OCLC, chapter XXXI, page 11

Have you no longing ever to be free? / In warm, electric days to run a-muck, / Ranging like some mad dinosaur, / Your fiery heart at war / With this strange world, the city's restless ruck, / Where all drab things that toil, save you alone, / Have life; [...]

1914, Eunice Tietjens, “The Steam Shovel”, in Harriet Monroe, Alice Corbin Henderson, editors, The New Poetry: An Anthology, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, published February 1917 (March–April 1917 printing), page 342, lines 29–35

The more he basked in golden dreams the drabber seemed his humdrum life behind the bank counter.

1923 April, Harold Steevens, “The Duplicate Cheque”, in [Herbert Greenhough Smith], editor, The Strand Magazine: An Illustrated Monthly, volume LXV, London: George Newnes, Ltd., […], →OCLC, page 345, column 1

Furniture is comical. It responds to humans. For some it looks its drabbest, for others it sparkles and looks, if not handsome, at any rate comfortable.

1944, Emily Carr, “Sounds and Silences”, in The House of All Sorts, Toronto, Ont., London: Oxford University Press, →OCLC, page 10

And what if your daughter admires him even more / And comes to choose him for her life's companion, / Not the drab complainer she ended up with.

1997, Carl Dennis, “Sarit Narai”, in Robert Pack, Jay Parini, editors, Introspections: American Poets on One of Their Own Poems, Hanover, N.H., London: Middlebury College Press; published by University Press of New England, pages 59–60

In a drab first half, Ryan Shotton's drive was deflected on to a post and Jon Walters twice went close.

2011 November 3, David Ornstein, “Macc Tel-Aviv 1 – 2 Stoke”, in BBC Sport, archived from the original on 2019-03-26

(by extension) Particularly of colour: dull, uninteresting.

еднообразен

with a dull or uninteresting appearance — see also dull, uninteresting


nurture

en-verb

nurture (third-person singular simple present nurtures, present participle nurturing, simple past and past participle nurtured)

nurtures (present singular third-person)
nurturing (participle present)
nurtured (participle past)
nurtured (past)

/ˈnɜːɹ.t͡ʃəɹ/

-ɜː(ɹ)tʃə(ɹ)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-nurture.wav

From Middle English norture, noriture, from Old French norriture, norreture, from Late Latin nutritura (“nourishment”), from Latin nutrire (“to nourish”).

2009, UNESCO, The United Nations World Water Development Report – N° 3 - 2009 – Freshwater and International Law (the Interplay between Universal, Regional and Basin Perspectives), page 10, →ISBN
The relationships between universal norms and specific norms nurture the development of international law.

(figuratively, by extension) To encourage, especially the growth or development of something.


metabolism

en-noun

metabolism (countable and uncountable, plural metabolisms)

From Ancient Greek μεταβολή (metabolḗ, “change”) + -ism, from μεταβάλλω (metabállō, “I change, I alter”) + -η (-ē, “action noun suffix”).

أَيْض

complete set of chemical reactions that occur in living cells

Small animals have a much higher metabolism than large animals because they lose more body heat

(physiology, by extension) The rate at which these processes occur for a given organism

The results of this generalized speedup of the corporate metabolism are multiple: shorter product life cycles, more leasing and renting, more frequent buying and selling, more ephemeral consumption patterns, […]

1980, Alvin Toffler, The Third Wave, page 230

(figurative, by extension) The processes that maintain any dynamic system.


grep

en-verb

grep (third-person singular simple present greps, present participle grepping, simple past and past participle grepped)

greps (present singular third-person)
grepping (participle present)
grepped (participle past)
grepped (past)

From an idiomatic command sequence in the qed and ed text editors: ‘g/re/p’, meaning: globally search for a regular expression and print.

(by extension) To search anything (perhaps a paper document by eye).


ratchet

From French rochet (“bobbin, spindle, ratchet”), from Italian rocchetto (“spool, ratchet”).

cadell

pawl, click or detent for a ratchet wheel

The threat of terrorism to the British lies in the overreaction to it of British governments. Each one in turn clicks up the ratchet of surveillance, intrusion and security. Each one diminishes liberty.

2012 December 14, Simon Jenkins, “We mustn't overreact to North Korea boys' toys”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 2, page 23

(by extension) A procedure or regulation that goes in one direction, usually up.


recessive

en-adj

recessive (comparative more recessive, superlative most recessive)

more recessive (comparative)
most recessive (superlative)

From Latin recēdō + -ive, or directly from New Latin recessīvus.

The worker–client relationship is more recessive and has a more catalytic and enabling quality.

1979, Ken Heap, Process and Action in Work with Groups: The Preconditions for Treatment and Growth, page ix

The law-making or legislative component was the most recessive component of the legal system of hunter-gatherers, although decisions or advice given by mediators were remembered and used again to settle similar violations of rules or disputes among parties.

2004, Jonathan H. Turner, Human Institutions: A Theory of Societal Evolution, page 112

(by extension) Not dominant; whose effect is masked by stronger effects.


mesh

en-verb

mesh (third-person singular simple present meshes, present participle meshing, simple past and past participle meshed)

meshes (present singular third-person)
meshing (participle present)
meshed (participle past)
meshed (past)

From Middle English mesche, from Old English masc (“net”) (perhaps influenced in form by related Old English mæscre (“mesh, spot”)) both from Proto-Germanic *maskrǭ, *maskwǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *mezg- (“to knit, twist, plait”).
Akin to Old High German māsca (“mesh”), Old Saxon maska (“net”), Old Norse mǫskvi, mǫskun (“mesh”).

der

The music meshed well with the visuals in that film.

The headliners — Weezer and Dinosaur Jr. — were alt rock acts that had turned the sound of disconnection into an audience almost two decades ago. Exactly how that was going to mesh with blue skies and umbrella drinks wasn’t clear to me.

2012 March 30, Joe Levy, “Rockers at Sea”, in The New York Times

(intransitive, figurative, by extension) To fit in; to come together harmoniously.


repress

en-verb

repress (third-person singular simple present represses, present participle repressing, simple past and past participle repressed)

represses (present singular third-person)
repressing (participle present)
repressed (participle past)
repressed (past)

Ultimately from Latin repressus, the perfect passive participle of reprimō (“I repress”).

(transitive, by extension) To check; to keep back.


represent

represent (third-person singular simple present represents, present participle representing, simple past and past participle represented)

represents (present singular third-person)
representing (participle present)
represented (participle past)
represented (past)

video game represented as live-action television

(by extension) To present again, possibly in an altered form.


sophist

Learned borrowing from Latin sophista, also sophistes, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek σοφιστής (sophistḗs, “pursuer of wisdom”), from σοφίζομαι (sophízomai, “to become wise”).

der

(figurative, by extension) One who is captious, fallacious, or deceptive in argument.

سَفْسَطِيّ

one who is captious, fallacious, or deceptive in argument


scowl

From Middle English scowlen, scoulen, skoulen (also as Middle English schoulen), probably of North Germanic origin. Compare Danish skule (“to scowl”), Norwegian skule (“to scowl”).

(by extension) Gloom; dark or threatening aspect.


scowl

en-verb

scowl (third-person singular simple present scowls, present participle scowling, simple past and past participle scowled)

scowls (present singular third-person)
scowling (participle present)
scowled (participle past)
scowled (past)

(intransitive, by extension) To look gloomy, dark, or threatening; to lower.


retch

retch (third-person singular simple present retches, present participle retching, simple past and past participle retched)

retches (present singular third-person)
retching (participle present)
retched (participle past)
retched (past)

From Middle English *recchen, *rechen (attested in arechen), hræcen (“to cough up”), from Old English hrǣċan (“to clear the throat, hawk, spit”), from Proto-West Germanic *hrākijan, from Proto-Germanic *hrēkijaną (“to clear one's throat”), from Proto-Indo-European *kreg- (“to caw, crow”). Cognate with Icelandic hrækja (“to hawk, spit”), Limburgish räöke (“to induce vomiting”), Bavarian reckn (“to retch, gag”) and German recken (“to retch, gag”). Also related with German Rachen (“throat”).

der

[…] in a couple of hours they were seized with violent retching; the contents of their stomachs were mixed with blood, mucus, and froth.

1836, The Medico-chirurgical Review, and Journal of Practical Medicine, page 462

[…] severe, with a heavy retching; the contents of the stomach would come up rather easily at first, but as it continued the retching became more severe. By the straining to vomit, all the symptoms were […]

1891, Cincinnati Medical Advance, page 101

[…] retching the contents of his breakfast – his fabled raw eggs and beer by the look of it – up onto the sidewalk. But some sort of salvation seemed to be at hand in the shape of a young woman who now came up to the retching poet.[…]

2014 April 7, Rob Gittins, The Poet and the Private Eye, Y Lolfa

“What manner of being are you?” I cried. The creature's black tar viscera flew from the lacerated stump, covering Mary and myself in the fluid. I recall instantly retching the contents of my stomach, while simultaneously […]

2014 June 4, Jake E. Sampson, The Resurrectionist, Lulu.com, page 37

Retching the contents from his lungs. The uncomfortable warble of voices called for help, greeting him at the floor. He was laid on a gurney, the slimy contents wiped from his face. The sting of needles inserted in his arms.

2020 August 11, Tony Bertauski, Maze: The Essence of Sunny Grimm, Tony Bertauski

(transitive, intransitive, loosely) To vomit; to make or experience a successful effort to vomit.

rwać (impersonal, the person afflicted is put in accusative)


sag

en-verb

sag (third-person singular simple present sags, present participle sagging, simple past and past participle sagged)

sags (present singular third-person)
sagging (participle present)
sagged (participle past)
sagged (past)

From late Middle English saggen, probably of North Germanic/Scandinavian/Old Norse origin, akin to Old Norse sokkva (“to sink”), from a denasalized derivative of Proto-Germanic *sinkwaną (“to sink”).
Compare Norwegian Nynorsk sagga (“move slowly”)); probably akin to Danish and Norwegian sakke, Swedish sacka, Icelandic sakka. Compare also Dutch zakken and German sacken (from Low German).

A building may sag one way or another.

The door sags on its hinges.

The weather became more and more threatening; the ship sagged to the leeward more than she ought.

1890, Great Britain. High Court of Justice. Probate, Divorce, and Admiralty Division, The Law Reports. Probate Division in the Courts of Probate and Divorce: In the Admiralty and Ecclesiastical Courts, and in the Privy Council, from Michaelmas Sittings, 1875, to 1890 (volume 5)

(by extension) To lean, give way, or settle from a vertical position.


sparkle

sparkle (third-person singular simple present sparkles, present participle sparkling, simple past and past participle sparkled)

sparkles (present singular third-person)
sparkling (participle present)
sparkled (participle past)
sparkled (past)

From Middle English sparklen, sperclen, equivalent to spark + -le (frequentative verb). Cognate with West Frisian sparkelje (“to sparkle”), Dutch sparkelen (“to sparkle”).

The stars sparkle in the sky.

(by extension) To shine as if throwing off sparks; to emit flashes of light; to scintillate; to twinkle

блещукам

to shine as if throwing off sparks; scintillate


shorthand

en-noun

shorthand (countable and uncountable, plural shorthands)

The noun is derived from short + hand (“handwriting; style of penmanship”). The verb is derived from the noun.

compound

The jargon becomes a shorthand for these advanced concepts.

It is important to recall that the European construct of "the Indian" and the abstraction designated as "Native American religion" are both artificial labels suggesting a unity that is nowhere to be found. When we borrow such shorthands, we are really referring to the Arapaho, Blackfeet, Chumash, Delaware, Eskimo, Flathead, Ghost Dancers, Hopi, Iowa—and so on through the rest of the alphabet right to the Yuma and Zuni.

2004, Edwin S[cott] Gaustad, Leigh E. Schmidt, “Beginnings”, in The Religious History of America, revised edition, New York, N.Y.: HarperCollins, part I (Religion in the Colonial Era), page 6

Trust me, he's Pakistani, because that's the average numpty's shorthand for Muslim.

2010, Mick Herron, Slow Horses, page 119

You shouldn't use the shorthand PHP tags (<? ?>) in your code. The reason for this is that shorthand PHP tags must be enabled on your server before they will function. Many hosting configurations have this feature disabled by default, which means your plugin would immediately break when activated in WordPress.

2011, Brad Williams, Ozh Richard, Justin Tadlock, “Plugin Foundation”, in Professional WordPress Plugin Development (Wrox Professional Guides), Indianapolis, Ind.: Wiley, page 26

Her [Kate Spade's] name became a shorthand for the cute, clever bags that were an instant hit with cosmopolitan women in the early stages of their careers and, later, young girls – status symbols of a more attainable, all-American sort than a Fendi clutch or Chanel bag.

2018 June 5, Jonah Engel Bromwich, Vanessa Friedman, Matthew Schneier, “Kate Spade, whose handbags carried women into adulthood, is dead at 55”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-06-06

(by extension) Any brief or shortened way of saying or doing something.


shorthand

en-verb

shorthand (third-person singular simple present shorthands, present participle shorthanding, simple past and past participle shorthanded)

shorthands (present singular third-person)
shorthanding (participle present)
shorthanded (participle past)
shorthanded (past)

It seems to me, however one looks at it—and I am torpedoing, "shorthanding", my arguments, though they can be developed at great length—that there is no military case for a large standing Army, and I pick out three arguments that I think are tremendously important which I should like the Minister to answer, even though he may reject them.

1957 November 7, George Brown, “Queen’s Speech: Debate on the Address”, in Parliamentary Debates (Hansard): House of Commons Official Report (House of Commons of the United Kingdom), volume 577, London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, →ISSN, →OCLC, columns 323–324

By "home video" I mean to shorthand the practice of viewing at home texts that come to us via a range of sources and formats, such as cable/satellite and pay-per-view television, mail order services (that send in the mail gay-related videotapes to far-flung subscribers), Web-based media, videotapes, laser discs, and dvds.

2003, Amy Villarejo, “Conclusion: Straight to Video”, in Lesbian Rule: Cultural Criticism and the Value of Desire, Durham, N.C., London: Duke University Press, page 191

He liked [John Dann] MacDonald's books: You could always tell who the villainesses were because the narrator made a point of noting they had fat asses. It was as good a way as any to shorthand the world, he thought.

2005 June, Cory Doctorow, Someone Comes to Town, Someone Leaves Town, New York, N.Y.: Tor Books; 1st trade paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: Tom Doherty Associates, 2006

[Dan] Brown shorthands the argument that Freemasonry really is inclusive through the personas and characters of Katherine Solomon and Warren Bellamy.

2009 (indicated as 2010), Daniel Burstein, Arne de Keijzer, Secrets of The Lost Symbol: The Unauthorized Guide: Unlock the Mysteries and History Found in The Da Vinci code Sequel, New York, N.Y.: William Morrow and Company, page 40

She watched as Trooper pulled out a pack of cigarettes and fumbled in his pocket for a lighter, an expensive-looking Zippo with the number 88 engraved on the front plate – each eight standing for the eighth letter of the alphabet, the two Hs together shorthanding the phrase 'Heil Hitler'.

2011, Sean Black, chapter 27, in Deadlock: A Ryan Lock Thriller, London: Corgi Books, Transworld Publishers, pages 155–156

I refer to processes of deterritorialization and reterritorialization across the globe at various levels, such as decentralized business, frontier fluidity, increased and multifarious transnational movement, recast urban space and blended cultures, in short all that is often shorthanded in the term globalization.

2012, Necati Polat, “Integration”, in International Relations, Meaning and Mimesis (Interventions), Abingdon, Oxfordshire, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, page viii

(transitive, by extension) To use a brief or shortened way of saying or doing something.


leak

leak (third-person singular simple present leaks, present participle leaking, simple past and past participle leaked)

leaks (present singular third-person)
leaking (participle present)
leaked (participle past)
leaked (past)

From Middle English leken (“to let water in or out”), from Old English *lecan (“to leak”), Middle Dutch leken (“to leak, drip”) or Old Norse leka (“to leak, drip”); all from Proto-Germanic *lekaną (“to leak, drain”), from Proto-Indo-European *leg-, *leǵ- (“to leak”).
Cognate with Dutch lekken (“to leak”), German lechen, lecken (“to leak”), Danish lække (“to leak”), Swedish läcka (“to leak”), Icelandic leka (“to leak”). Related also to Old English leċċan (“to water, wet”), Albanian lag, lak (“I damp, make wet”). See also leach, lake.

изтичам

(of a fluid or gas) to pass through an opening that should be sealed

A target that is not detected would not be intercepted and thus would leak through the single defensive layer.

1989, Kenneth N. Luongo, W. Thomas Wander, The Search for Security in Space, page 149

(intransitive, figurative, by extension) To pass through when it would normally or preferably be blocked.

England were leaking penalties as Scotland played with pace and variety. Russell was starting to find his range and when he threaded through a grubber to Sean Maitland the winger did well to gather and keep the ball in play. Unfortunately, his pass inside just eluded Russell.

2021 February 6, Graham Bean, “Scotland beat England at Twickenham for the first time in 38 years”, in The Scotsman

(transitive, figurative, by extension) To allow anything through that would normally or preferably be blocked.


tally

(US)

From Middle English talie, from Anglo-Norman tallie and Old French taille (“notch in a piece of wood signifying a debt”), from Medieval Latin tallia, from Latin talea (“a cutting, rod, stick”). Doublet of taille and talea.

der

(by extension) One of two books, sheets of paper, etc., on which corresponding accounts were kept.

дубликат

one of two books on which corresponding accounts were kept

Bulgaria, inevitably, raised the tempo in the opening moments of the second half and keeper Joe Hart was forced into his first meaningful action to block a deflected corner - but England were soon threatening to add to their goal tally.

2011 September 2, Phil McNulty, “Bulgaria 0-3 England”, in BBC

(by extension) Any account or score kept by notches or marks, whether on wood or paper, or in a book, especially one kept in duplicate.

tukkimiehen kirjanpito

any account or score kept by notches or marks


snag

From earlier snag (“stump or branch of a tree”), from Middle English *snagge, *snage, from Old Norse snagi (“clothes peg”) (compare Old Norse snag-hyrndr (“snag-horned, having jagged corners”)), perhaps ultimately from a derivative of Proto-Germanic *snakk-, *snēgg, variations of *snakaną (“to crawl, creep, wind about”).
Compare Norwegian snag, snage (“protrusion; projecting point”), Icelandic snagi (“peg”). Also see Dutch snoek (“pike”).

cog

(by extension) Any sharp protuberant part of an object, which may catch, scratch, or tear other objects brought into contact with it.


squirt

en-verb

squirt (third-person singular simple present squirts, present participle squirting, simple past and past participle squirted)

squirts (present singular third-person)
squirting (participle present)
squirted (participle past)
squirted (past)

From Middle English squirten, squyrten, of uncertain origin; probably onomatopoeic. Akin to swirl. Compare Low German swirtjen (“to squirt”) and Swedish water onomatopoeias skvala, skvalp, skvimpa, and skvätta; Icelandic skvetta; and Norwegian skvette.

Among the hallmarks that all fungi share is the way they eat. They squirt out enzymes to break down nearby organic material and then soak it in. Fungi can also produce vast number of spores, which can survive in all sorts of extreme conditions for years.

2022 September 29, Carl Zimmer, “A New Approach to Spotting Tumors: Look for Their Microbes”, in The New York Times

(transitive, by extension) To emit, eject or excrete (something).


snipe

snipe (third-person singular simple present snipes, present participle sniping, simple past and past participle sniped)

snipes (present singular third-person)
sniping (participle present)
sniped (participle past)
sniped (past)

From Middle English snipe, snype (a type of bird), from Old Norse snípa, as in mýrisnípa (“moor snipe”). Akin to Norwegian snipe.
The verb originated in the 1770s among soldiers in British India where a hunter skilled enough to kill the elusive snipe was dubbed a "sniper". The term sniper was first attested in 1824 in the sense of the word "sharpshooter".

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-snipe.wav

(intransitive, by extension) To shoot with a sniper rifle.


tress

From Middle English tresse, from Old French tresce, of uncertain origin; possibly from Vulgar Latin *trichia, from Ancient Greek τριχία (trikhía, “rope”), from θρίξ (thríx, “hair”). Compare French tresse, Italian treccia.

(by extension) A knot or festoon, as of flowers.


shred

From Middle English shrede, shred (“fragment, piece, scrap; piece cut off from something; strip of material; ornamental strip hanging from the edge of a garment; thread; band or thread woven in a garment; element, streak; plant (?)”) [and other forms], from Late Old English sċrēad, sċrēade (“piece cut off from something; a paring; a shred”), from Proto-Germanic *skraudō (“a piece, shred; a crack; a cut”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off”). Doublet of escrow.

nb...

schreade, schrede, screde, shrade, shredde, (Kent) screade

парцалче

a long, narrow piece cut or torn off — see also strip

A long, narrow piece (especially of fabric) cut or torn off; a strip; specifically, a piece of cloth or clothing.

(by extension) A thin strand or wisp, as of a cloud, mist, etc.


progress

en-verb

progress (third-person singular simple present progresses, present participle progressing, simple past and past participle progressed)

progresses (present singular third-person)
progressing (participle present)
progressed (participle past)
progressed (past)

From the noun. Lapsed into disuse in the 17th century, except in the US. Considered an Americanism on reintroduction to use in the UK.

(by extension) To improve; to become better or more complete.


treacle

en-noun

treacle (countable and uncountable, plural treacles)

From Middle English triacle, partly from Old French triacle, and partly from Old English tiriaca, both from Late Latin *triaca, *tiriaca, late form of theriaca, ultimately from Ancient Greek θηριακή (thēriakḗ, “antidote”), feminine form of θηριακός (thēriakós, “concerning venomous beasts”), from θήρ (thḗr, “beast”). Doublet of theriacle, equivalent to theriac + -le.

der

(historical, pharmacology) Synonym of theriac: an antidote for poison, especially snakebite; a supposedly universal antidote.

(obsolete, figurative, by extension) Synonym of cure: an all-powerful curative for some particular affliction.

cure

(obsolete, figurative, by extension) Synonym of cure-all: a panacea for all human ailments.


vestige

From French vestige, from Latin vestīgium (“footstep, footprint, track, the sole of the foot, a trace, mark”).

the vestiges of ancient magnificence in Palmyra

vestiges of former population

The result, therefore, of this physical inquiry is, that we find no vestige of a beginning,— no prospect of an end.

1788, James Hutton, Theory of the earth, page 166

Nevertheless in some cases, my original view, that the points are vestiges of the tips of formerly erect and pointed ears, still seems to me probable.

1871, Charles Darwin, Descent of Man, Chapter I

Only ragged vestiges of glass remained in its windows, and great sheets of the green facing had fallen away from the corroded metallic framework.

1895, H. G. Wells, The Time Machine, Chapter VIII

The chief remains of the Roman Calagurris are the vestiges of an aqueduct and an amphitheatre.

1911, “Angkor”, in 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica

The hovel stood in the centre of what had once been a vegetable garden, but was now a patch of rank weeds. Surrounding this, almost like a zareba, was an irregular ring of gorse and brambles, an unclaimed vestige of the original common.

1944, Miles Burton, chapter 5, in The Three Corpse Trick

(by extension) A faint mark or visible sign left by something which is lost, or has perished, or is no longer present.


sheer

en-adj

sheer (comparative sheerer or more sheer, superlative sheerest or most sheer)

sheerer (comparative)
more sheer (comparative)
sheerest (superlative)
most sheer (superlative)

From Middle English shere, scheere, schere, skere, from Old English sċǣre (“pure, sheer; shining, clear”), from Proto-Germanic *skairiz; supplanted the semantically close shire (dialectal), from Middle English schyre, schire, shire, shir, from Old English sċīr (“clear, bright; brilliant, gleaming, shining, splendid, resplendent; pure”), beside which existed Middle English skyr, from Old Norse skírr (“pure, bright, clear”), both from Proto-Germanic *skīriz (“pure, sheer”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₁y- (“luster, gloss, shadow”).
Cognate with Danish skær, German schier (“sheer”), Dutch schier (“almost”), Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍂𐍃 (skeirs, “clear, lucid”). Outside Germanic, cognate to Albanian hir (“grace, beauty; goodwill”).

cog

I think it is sheer genius to invent such a thing.

This poem is sheer nonsense.

Through technological wizardry and sheer audacity, Google has shown how we can transform the intellectual riches of our libraries[…].

There is no organized movement of gays or feminists that would support individuals and that would make coming out, at the workplace, anything less than a shear act of suicide.

1981 December 19, Nancy Wechsler, Christine Delphy, “Politics In France”, in Gay Community News, volume 9, number 22, page 9

Cycling's complex etiquette contains an unwritten rule that riders in contention for a race win should not be penalised for sheer misfortune.

2012 July 15, Richard Williams, Tour de France 2012: Carpet tacks cannot force Bradley Wiggins off track, Guardian Unlimited

(by extension) Downright; complete; pure.


toot

en-noun

toot (countable and uncountable, plural toots)

Probably onomatopoeic in origin. Compare Dutch toeteren (“to blow a horn”) and German tuten (“to blow a horn”).

(by extension, informal) A fart; flatus.


vignette

First attested in 1751. From French vignette, diminutive of vigne (“vine”), from Latin vīnea, from vīnum (“wine”). Replaced earlier Middle English vynet.

(by extension) Any small borderless picture in a book, especially an engraving, photograph, or the like, which vanishes gradually at the edge.

A particular classroom incident, and the vignette I used to portray it, had a significant impact on the interpretative framework for my research into scientific literacy.

2007, Peter Charles Taylor, John Wallace, Contemporary Qualitative Research, Springer Science & Business Media, page 126

I have two favourite vignettes from the voting lobbies on Wednesday night. The first is the news that one minister told the Tory chief whip, Julian Smith: “You don’t know what you’re doing,” to which Smith replied, “I do know what I’m doing”.

2019 March 1, Marina Hyde, “Chris Grayling is the Berk du Soleil as Farage maps out a road to nowhere”, in The Guardian

(by extension) A short story or anecdote that presents a scene or tableau, or paints a picture.


thatch

thatch (countable and uncountable, plural thatches)

Variant of thack, from Middle English thache, thach, from Old English þæc (“roof-covering”), from Proto-West Germanic *þak, from Proto-Germanic *þaką (“covering”), from (o-grade of) Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg- (“cover”).
Cognate with Icelandic þak, Dutch dak, German Dach, Norwegian tak, Swedish tak, Danish tag; and with Latin toga, Albanian thak (“awn, beard, pin, peg, tassel, fringe”), Lithuanian stogas (“roof”). Related to Ancient Greek τέγος (tégos, “roof”) and στέγη (stégē, “roof”). See also English deech, deck.

cog

An outgoing, story-telling Irishman from Butte, Montana, with his thatch of red hair and sandpapered face, Matt was the quintessential imp.

2008, Wallace Madding, The Country Club Killings: A Montana Story, page 21

(by extension) Any straw-like material, such as a person's hair.


tweak

en-verb

tweak (third-person singular simple present tweaks, present participle tweaking, simple past and past participle tweaked)

tweaks (present singular third-person)
tweaking (participle present)
tweaked (participle past)
tweaked (past)

From Middle English twikken, from Old English twiccian (“to pluck”), from Proto-West Germanic *twekkōn (“to fasten; clamp; pinch”). Related to twitch. The drug-related sense may be a blend of twitch and freak.

inh

Am I tweaking or does 2020 feel like 6 months ago?

If you didn't think that was a good halftime show you're actually tweaking

2021 February 7, @iiKlemm, Twitter, archived from the original on 2024-01-10

Some of yall gonna think im tweaking but FRONTIER>>>>>>HUENEME

2021 June 16, @j0syell, Twitter, archived from the original on 2024-01-10

Am I tweaking or did twitter just go offline for 2.5 seconds🤔😅

2023 October 11, @Jus4president, Twitter, archived from the original on 2024-01-10

are these the same color or am i just tweaking

2024 January 2, @postneptune, Twitter, archived from the original on 2024-01-10

(intransitive, slang, by extension) To be extremely confused; to have no clue what is happening.


peregrination

en-noun

peregrination (countable and uncountable, plural peregrinations)

/ˌpɛɹɪɡɹɪˈneɪʃn̩/

/ˌpɛɹəɡɹəˈneɪʃ(ə)n/

From Late Middle English peregrinacioun, peregrinacion (“journey; pilgrimage; (figuratively) human journey through life”), from Anglo-Norman peregrinaciun (“human journey through life”), peregrination (“pilgrimage; overseas travel”), and Old French peregrinacion, peregrination (“pilgrimage; overseas travel”) (modern French pérégrination), and from their etymon Latin peregrīnātiō (“overseas sojourn or travel; (Late Latin) pilgrimage; sojourn; human journey through life”), from peregrīnātus (“living or travelling overseas”) + -iō (suffix forming abstract nouns). Peregrīnātus is the perfect passive participle of peregrīnor (“to live or travel overseas; to be overseas; to roam, rove; to be a stranger”), from peregrīnus (“alien, foreign; exotic”) (from peregrē̆ (“abroad; from abroad; heading abroad”) + -īnus (suffix forming adjectives meaning ‘of or pertaining to’)) + -or (suffix forming first-person singular present passive indicative verbs).

der

(countable, archaic) A journey made by a pilgrim; a pilgrimage; also (uncountable) the making of pilgrimages.

(countable) A journey or trip, especially by foot; also (uncountable) journeying, travelling.

(uncountable) Broad or systematic discussion of a subject; (countable) an instance of this; a discourse.

(uncountable) Straying from the main subject in speech or writing; digression; (countable) an instance of this.

(uncountable, obsolete) The state of living abroad temporarily; sojourning; (countable) an act of doing this; a sojourn.


waif

The noun is derived from Late Middle English weif (“ownerless property subject to seizure and forfeiture; the right of such seizure and forfeiture; revenues obtained from such seizure and forfeiture”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman waif, weif [and other forms] (compare Anglo-Latin waivum [and other forms], Medieval Latin waivium), possibly from Old French waif, a variant of gaif, gayf (“property that is lost and unclaimed; of property: lost and unclaimed”) (Norman) [and other forms], probably from a North Germanic source such as Old Norse veif (“flag; waving thing”), from Proto-Germanic *waif-, from Proto-Indo-European *weyp- (“to oscillate, swing”).
The verb is derived from the noun.

nb...

waif, waife, wafe, wayf, wayffe, (Early Middle English) waiph, waive

der

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-waif.wav

When we had done all the things there were to do, he passed out and I clung to his reassuringly solid, soft stomach—paternal, so different to the indie waifs—and cried.

2021, Megan Nolan, Acts of Desperation, Random House

(figuratively)
(by extension) A very thin person.

(by extension, botany) A plant introduced in a place outside its native range but not persistently naturalized.


lame

en-adj

lame (comparative lamer, superlative lamest)

lamer (comparative)
lamest (superlative)

From Middle English lame, from Old English lama (“lame”), from Proto-West Germanic *lam, from Proto-Germanic *lamaz (“lame”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃lemH- (“to tire; to break”).

der

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-lame.wav

It is the remark of an ingenious writer, should a barbarous Indian, who had never seen a palace or a ship, view their separate and disjointed parts, and observe the pillars, doors, windows, cornices and turrets of the one, or the prow and stern, the ribs and masts, the ropes and shrouds, the sails and tackle of the other, he would be able to form but a very lame and dark idea of either of those excellent and useful inventions.

1801, Isaac Watts, The improvement of the mind, or A supplement to the art of logic

The ی consonant is our English y[…] It is really a sad mistake for us, who possess this useful consonant, to adopt the lame expedient to which other languages are forced to have recourse, namely, the use of the vowel i, with or without the diaresis over it.

1856, J. W. Redhouse, An English and Turkish Dictionary, page xx

(by extension) Hobbling; limping; inefficient; imperfect.


paradigm shift

Coined by American historian, physicist and philosopher Thomas Kuhn in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962).

coin

So the fact that people are calling me, a woman of a certain age and demographic, to sit down on studio films — which have not been my bread and butter — there’s definitely a paradigm shift.

2019 June 20, Kyle Buchanan, “Octavia Spencer: Studios Are Calling Me. That’s a Paradigm Shift.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN

The Russian invasion of Ukraine is causing a paradigm shift on the scale of 9/11 in how democracy will confront future threats, the foreign secretary, Liz Truss, will predict in Washington on Thursday.

2022 March 9, Patrick Wintour, “Ukraine war marks paradigm shift on the scale of 9/11, says Liz Truss”, in The Guardian, →ISSN

Google, meanwhile, has been caught off guard by what some are claiming is a paradigm shift in how users find information on the web.

2023 February 7, James Vincent, “Microsoft announces new Bing and Edge browser powered by upgraded ChatGPT AI”, in The Verge

(by extension) Any radical change, especially in politics or technology.


bombshell

Diana Dors, the 1950s blonde bombshell

The singer once identified by her shock of green hair has gone blonde and full bombshell, swapping her trademark sweats for a style more domme than deb: pink Gucci corset and skirt over Agent Provocateur skivvies, accessorized with latex gloves and leggings.

2021 May 4, Ruth La Ferla, “On That Bombshell Billie Eilish Cover for British Vogue”, in The New York Times, →ISSN

(by extension) Someone who is very attractive; a sex symbol.


reach

en-verb

reach (third-person singular simple present reaches, present participle reaching, simple past and past participle reached or (obsolete) raught)

reaches (present singular third-person)
reaching (participle present)
reached (participle past)
reached (past)
raught (obsolete participle past)
raught (obsolete past)
reach (infinitive)

From Middle English rechen, from Old English rǣċan (“to reach”), from Proto-West Germanic *raikijan, from Proto-Germanic *raikijaną, from the Proto-Indo-European *Hreyǵ- (“to bind, reach”).

der

when I hear the word culture, I reach for my gun

A few words, lovingly, encouragingly spoken failed to reach her heart.

1889, The Kindergarten-Primary Magazine, volume 1, page 119

(transitive, by extension) To extend an action, effort, or influence to; to penetrate to; to pierce, or cut.

bereiken

to extend an action, effort, or influence to


spike

From Middle English spike, spyke, spik, from Old Norse spík (“spike, sprig”), from Proto-Germanic *spīkō (“stick, splinter, point”), from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“to be pointed; sharp point, stick”). Cognate with Icelandic spík (“spike”), Swedish spik (“spike, nail”), Dutch spijker (“nail”), Old English spīcing (“spike”), and Latin spīca (“ear of corn”), which may have influenced some senses.

(by extension) Anything resembling such a nail in shape.

шип

anything resembling such a nail in shape


steak

en-noun

steak (countable and uncountable, plural steaks)

French: steack

Thai: สเต็ก (sà-dték)

Hebrew: סטייק

From Middle English steike, from Old Norse steik (“roast; meat roasted on a stick”). The verb is either from the noun or from steikja (“to roast”).

filet

a slice of meat cut with the grain of the fish

venison steak, bear steak, pork steak, turtle steak, salmon steak; cauliflower steak, eggplant steaks

The San Juan market is Mexico City's most famous deli of exotic meats, where an adventurous shopper can hunt down hard-to-find critters […] But the priciest items in the market aren't the armadillo steaks or even the bluefin tuna.

2013 July 26, Nick Miroff, “Mexico gets a taste for eating insects […] ”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 7, page 32

(by extension) A relatively large, thick slice or slab cut from another animal, a vegetable, etc.


aerophobia

Standing on the edge of the cliff made me realise just how much aerophobia affected me.

(rare, by extension or possibly from acrophobia) Fear of heights


span

From Middle English spanne, from Old English spann, from Proto-Germanic *spannō (“span, handbreadth”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend- (“to stretch”).
Cognate with Dutch span, spanne, German Spanne. The sense “pair of horses” is probably from Old English ġespan, ġespann (“a joining; a fastening together; clasp; yoke”), from Proto-West Germanic [Term?]. Cognate with Dutch gespan, German Gespann.

der

He has a short attention span and gets bored within minutes.

Life's but a span; I'll every inch enjoy.

1699, George Farquhar, The Constant Couple

The unsilent present is a time of evaporating attention spans,

(by extension) A small space or a brief portion of time.


stag

en-noun

stag (countable and uncountable, plural stags)

From Middle English stagge, steg, from Old English stagga, stacga (“a stag”) and Old Norse steggi, steggr (“a male animal”), both from Proto-Germanic *staggijô, *staggijaz (“male, male deer, porcupine”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *stegʰ-, *stengʰ- (“to sting; rod, blade; sharp, stiff”). Cognate with Icelandic steggi, steggur (“tomcat, male fox”). Related to staggard, staggon.

(by extension, countable, obsolete) A romping girl; a tomboy.


pelt

Uncertain; possibly related to pelting (“mean, paltry”) (obsolete), peltry (“rubbish, trash; an unpleasant thing”) (chiefly Scotland, obsolete), and paltry (“of little value, trashy, trivial; contemptibly unimportant, despicable”), possibly from a Germanic language such as Middle Low German palte, palter (“cloth; rag, shred”), from Old Saxon *paltro, *palto (“cloth; rag”), from Proto-Germanic *paltrô, *paltô (“patch; rag, scrap”). The ultimate origin is uncertain, but the word is possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *polto- (“cloth”).

(by extension) Anything in a ragged and worthless state; rubbish, trash.


Santa Claus

Borrowed from Dutch Sinterklaas (“Saint Nicholas”).

bor+

I then probe as to whether he is waiting for some Santa Claus to make him well, strong, and happy, or whether he is waiting for rigor mortis to deliver him from his earthly troubles.

1978, Henry Grayson, Clemens A. Loew, Changing approaches to the psychotherapies, page 314

(by extension) A generous source of free gifts or benefits.


stack

en-verb

stack (third-person singular simple present stacks, present participle stacking, simple past and past participle stacked)

stacks (present singular third-person)
stacking (participle present)
stacked (participle past)
stacked (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-stack.wav

From Middle English stack, stacke, stakke, stak, from Old Norse stakkr (“a barn; haystack; heap; pile”), from Proto-Germanic *stakkaz (“a barn; rick; haystack”), which per Kroonen (arguing for the controversial Kluge's law) is from *stogʰ-nós, cognate with Ancient Greek στόχος (stokhos), but unclear whether he derives *stogʰ-nós from a Proto-Indo-European *stegʰ- (“pole; rod; stick; stake”). Per Pokorny et al., from PIE *(s)teg- (“stake, pole, rod, stick, beam”) and cognate with Latin tignum ("tree trunk, beam, log"), but not cognate with Ancient Greek στόχος.
The data structure sense is a calque of Dutch stapel, introduced by Edsger W. Dijkstra.
Cognate with Icelandic stakkur (“stack”), Swedish stack (“stack”), Danish stak (“stack”), Norwegian stakk (“stack”). Related to stake and sauna.

натрупвам

To place objects or material in the form of a stack

to be stacked against (someone)

The Government was accused of stacking the parliamentary committee.

In 2015 the country's military-stacked national assembly impeached her and banned her from political office over the scheme, which her government introduced after she had campaigned in 2011 promising to support the rural poor.

2017 July 26, Lindsay Murdoch, “Yingluck Shinawatra, Thailand's first female PM, faces financial ruin and jail”, in The Sydney Morning Herald

Many citizens support the recent attacks on democracy, and those who don’t face a system stacked against them.

2021 July 14, David A. Graham, “Biden Is Speaking to an America That Doesn’t Exist”, in The Atlantic

(transitive, by extension) To arrange or fix to obtain an advantage; to deliberately distort the composition of (an assembly, committee, etc.).


taper

From Middle English taper, from Old English tapor (“taper, candle, wick of a lamp”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Latin papyrus (“papyrus", used in Mediaeval times to mean "wick of a candle”). If so, it is a doublet of papyrus. Alternatively, of Celtic origin related to Irish tapar (“taper”), Welsh tampr (“a taper, torch”); further compare Sanskrit तपती (tápati, “(it) warms, gives out heat, is hot; (it) heats”). More at tepid.


offside

en-adj

offside (comparative more offside, superlative most offside)

more offside (comparative)
most offside (superlative)

[Verse 2:Kano]:On-sight, thought he was onside, innit. Saw them guys, no shots fired innit. If you ain't real then don't ride, innit. That postcode, that's offside, innit.

2016 March 4, “3 Wheel-Ups” (track 4), in Made in the Manor, performed by Kano (British musician),Giggs (rapper),Wiley (musician)


JPEG

en-verb

JPEG (third-person singular simple present JPEGs, present participle JPEGging or JPEGing, simple past and past participle JPEGged or JPEGed or JPEG'd)

JPEGs (present singular third-person)
JPEGging (participle present)
JPEGing (participle present)
JPEGged (participle past)
JPEGged (past)
JPEGed (participle past)
JPEGed (past)
JPEG'd (participle past)
JPEG'd (past)

/ˈd͡ʒeɪ.pɛɡ/

From Joint Photographic Experts Group, the name of the committee that created the standard.

That image has been jpegged to hell.

(computer graphics, by extension) To lossily compress an image file in such a way that much of the quality is removed.


snap

From Dutch snappen (“to bite; seize”) or Low German snappen (“to bite; seize”), ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *snappōn, from Proto-Germanic *snappōną (“to snap; snatch; chatter”), intensive form of *snapāną (”to snap; grab”, whence Old Norse snapa (“to get; scrounge”)), from Proto-Indo-European *snop-; compare Lithuanian snãpas (“beak, bill”). (One alternative hypothesis links the Germanic words to *snu-, an expressive root deriving words meaning “nose”, “snout”, “sniff” etc., but this is phonetically unsound.) In any case influenced by onomatopoeia; note expressions such as snip-snap, containing the formally unrelated snip.
Cognate with West Frisian snappe (“to get; catch; snap”), German schnappen (“to grab”), Swedish snappa (“to snatch”).
The verb is derived from the noun.

gloss

”to snap; grab”, whence Old Norse <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">snapa</i> (“to get; scrounge”)

sound-symbolic

expressive

onom

onomatopoeia

cog

Snap! We've both got pink buckets and spades.

(British, Australia, by extension) "I've got one the same!", "Me too!"


triptych

From Ancient Greek τρίπτυχος (tríptukhos, “consisting of three layers, threefold”), from τρι- (tri-) + πτυχή (ptukhḗ, “a fold”).

uder

Hieronymus Bosch
The Garden of Earthly Delights
triptych

The centerpiece of the show is a poised, luminous, tender, and diabolically clever video installation, “Le Triptyque de Noirmoutier” (The Noirmoutier Triptych), which Varda shot on 35-mm. film[…]. The man gets himself a bottle of beer; the older woman heads with dishes from the sink toward the cupboard—and crosses the dividing line of the triptych exactly like crossing a threshold.

2017 March 27, Richard Brody, “Agnès Varda’s Art of Being There”, in The New Yorker

(by extension) A group of three people or works, especially when considered representative of a particular field or theme.

(film) A film or video sequence intended to be shown on a triple screen with the use of linked projectors.

(philately) A set of three se-tenant postage stamps that form a composite picture.

Thus, with the passing years, Papa Wemba, a hardworking and introverted man, has come to embody “African pop,” forming a triptych with Youssou N’Dour and Salif Keita.

2002, Frank Tenaille, translated by Steven Toussaint and Hope Sandrine, Music Is the Weapon of the Future: Fifty Years of African Popular Music, Chicago, IL: Lawrence Hill Books, page 183

Woodson, the recipient of four Newbery Honor awards, has written her first adult novel in 20 years, returning to the Brooklyn setting of “Autobiography of a Family Photo” (1995) and her recent award-winning memoir, “Brown Girl Dreaming.” These works form a triptych of bildungsromans taking place in the author’s hometown and tracking her generation’s coming to adulthood.

2016 August 18, Tayari Jones, “Jacqueline Woodson’s Adult Novel Captures 1970s Brooklyn”, in The New York Times

The show was the first in a triptych of excellent Australian dramas produced by John Edwards that tapped into the sensibility of a generation. It was followed by the thirtysomething drama, Love My Way, and Tangle, which focused on fortysomethings.

2020 January 30, Brigid Delaney, “The Secret Life of Us broke the mould with its honest depiction of twentysomething culture”, in The Guardian


FTSE

A joint venture between the Financial Times of London and the London Stock Exchange.

(stock market, by extension) The main stock market index code for the British stock market.


agnosticism

en-noun

agnosticism (countable and uncountable, plural agnosticisms)

Coined by Thomas Henry Huxley. From a- + gnostic + -ism (see also agnostic).

2009, B. Pontin, “Climate change agnosticism - its meaning and implications”, in Environmental Law and Management, volume 21, number 2, →ISSN, pages 55–57:

(by extension) Doubt, uncertainty, or scepticism regarding any subject of dispute.


augury

augury (countable and uncountable, plural auguries)

/ˈɔː.ɡjʊ.ɹi/

From augur + -y, or from Middle English augurie, from Old French augurie, from Latin augurium.

In Wordsworth's first preludings there is but a dim foreboding of the creator of an era. From Southey's early poems, a safer augury might have been drawn.

1850, James Russell Lowell, The Works of the Late Edgar Allan Poe/Volume 1/Edgar A. Poe

Fortunately many of the younger men are keen enough to make a success of their work, and this gives a better augury for the future.

1950 August, Cecil J. Allen, “British Locomotive Practice and Performance”, in Railway Magazine, page 549

(by extension) An omen or prediction; a foreboding; a prophecy.


mythical

en-adj

mythical (comparative more mythical, superlative most mythical)

more mythical (comparative)
most mythical (superlative)

From Latin mȳthicos + -al;; by surface analysis, myth + -ical.

(by extension) Not real; false or fabricated.


FT

Example stock market indices: FT 30.

(stock market, by extension) A stock market index code for the British stock market.


perigee

/ˈpɛɹ.ɪ.d͡ʒiː/

From French périgée via Latin perigeum, perigaeum, ultimately from Ancient Greek περί (perí, “near”) + γῆ (gê, “Earth”).

periapsis

closest point in an orbit about a planet

Conjunctions of I and II [Io and Europa] occur when they are near perigee and apogee respectively; conjunctions of II and III [Europa and Ganymede] occur when II [Europa] is near perigee.

1995, John H. Rogers, The Giant Planet Jupiter, Cambridge University Press, page 335

The resolution of the images obtained by this American probe [Messenger] will depend on its altitude [above Mercury] at any one time: about ten meters at perigee (200km altitude), but only one 1 km at apogee (15000km).

2002, Serge Brunier, Solar System Voyage, Cambridge University Press, page 36

[Nereid’s] apogee—farthest point from Neptune—is five times the distance of its perigee—its closest point.

2010, Ruth WalkerMary M. Shaffreyet al., Exploring Space: The High Frontier, Jones & Bartlett Learning, page 129

(astronomy, more generally) The point, in an orbit about any planet, that is closest to the planet: the periapsis of any satellite.


Bacchanalia

From Latin Bacchānālia (“feast of Bacchus”), plural of Bacchānal (“a place devoted to Bacchus”), from Bacchus (“the god of wine”), from Ancient Greek Βάκχος (Bákkhos).

(by extension) Alternative letter-case form of bacchanalia; a drunken feast; drunken revels; an orgy.


ride shotgun

en-verb

ride shotgun (third-person singular simple present rides shotgun, present participle riding shotgun, simple past rode shotgun, past participle ridden shotgun)

rides shotgun (present singular third-person)
riding shotgun (participle present)
rode shotgun (past)
ridden shotgun (participle past)

/ˌɹaɪd ˈʃɒtɡʌn/

/ˌɹaɪd ˈʃɑtɡʌn/

Charles J. Guiteau
James A. Garfield
National Publishing Company
The Straight Dope

Possibly from early-20th-century depictions in books and films of the 19th-century practice of a person armed with a rifle or shotgun riding next to a stagecoach driver to provide protection from bandits, etc.

nb...

Containing a Full Account of the Shooting of President Garfield, and All the Events from that Date until the Dastardly Wretch was Brought to Trial, and including a Full Account of All the Testimony of the Experts and Other Celebrated Witnesses; All the Speeches and Remarks Made by the Cunning Assassin during His Trial for Life; His Great Efforts to Escape the Gallows by Feigning Insanity, etc.; with All the Scenes and Incidents Attending this Very Interesting and Remarkable Trial.

refn

From H. H. Alexander (1882) “Introduction”, in The Life of Guiteau and the Official History of the Most Exciting Case on Record: Being the Trial of Guiteau for Assassinating Pres. Garfield. […], Philadelphia, Pa., Chicago, Ill., St. Louis, Mo.: National Publishing Company, →OCLC, plate between pages 56 and 57.

When both kids want to ride shotgun with Mom, they’ll just have to take turns.

This is the classic children's theatre touring vehicle, with just enough seating space for four actors (who traditionally fight like five-year-olds about who gets to ride shotgun) and the stage manager, who gets to drive.

1999, H. Mel Malton, chapter 8, in Cue the Dead Guy (A Polly Deacon Murder Mystery), Toronto, Ont.: Napoleon Publishing/RendezVous Press, page 59

The memories of his ordeal had ridden shotgun with him the whole trip, but it was easier here, easier to worry about his father and Kate and this stupid marriage pact than to face what he'd left in Texas.

2009, B. J. Daniels [pseudonym; Barbara Heinlein], chapter 4, in Shotgun Bride (Harlequin Intrigue; 1125; Whitehorse, Montana: The Corbetts; 1), Don Mills, Ont.: Harlequin Enterprises, page 45

Sissy rode shotgun with Clayton Red Bird driving his old Chevy Impala, the backseat crammed with guitars, a bass, microphones, leads, and all the other paraphernalia that they needed to play the gig in the Longhorn after the rodeo.

2014, Frances Washburn, “The Scenic Fourth of July Rodeo and Dance”, in The Red Bird All-Indian Traveling Band (Sun Tracks: An American Indian Literary Series; 77), Tucson, Ariz.: University of Arizona Press, page 5

Before sending me out alone, the company assigned me two "ride-alongs" with its top driver, the legendary Marco, who went out with 280 packages the second day I rode shotgun with him, took his full lunch break, did not roll through a single stop sign, and was finished by sundown.

2018 December 25, Austin Murphy, “I Used to Write for Sports Illustrated. Now I Deliver Packages for Amazon.”, in Jeffrey Goldberg, editor, The Atlantic, Washington, D.C.: The Atlantic Monthly Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-10-22

(US, idiomatic, by extension, slang) To ride in the front passenger seat of a vehicle, next to the driver.

voziti se na suvozačkom mjestu

to ride in the front passenger seat of a vehicle, next to the driver

He has ridden shotgun over Hunt's financial affairs since Hunt was a baby in business, ascending to the head chair on the board that governs the Chiefs and the Hunt Midwest Enterprises empire of mining and real estate development.

1997, Michael McKenzie, chapter 1, in Arrowhead: Home of the Chiefs, Lenexa, Kan.: Addax Pub. Group, page 16

Thank you also to Stacey Ammerman, who rode shotgun on the technical editing end of this book to make sure everything you read is easy to understand and actually works the way it is supposed to.

2005 December, Gail Perry, “Acknowledgements”, in Show Me!: Quickbooks 2006 (Show Me!), Indianapolis, Ind.: Que Publications, page iii

Not only are they investors, they run a company, HomeFixers, that helps hundreds of other investors each year. What they bring to the table is hard-won brass-tacks knowledge from over fifteen years of personal investing as well as riding shotgun on over 1,000 flips with their clients.

2007, Gary Keller, “Foreword”, in Rick Villani, Clay Davis, Flip: How to Find, Fix, and Sell Houses for Profit, New York, N.Y., Chicago, Ill.: McGraw-Hill, →DOI, page viii

(US, idiomatic, by extension, slang) To supervise a process and watch for any risks.

een oogje in het zeil houden

to supervise a process and watch for any risks


enclosure

en-noun

enclosure (countable and uncountable, plural enclosures)

/ɛnˈkloʊʒəɹ/

/ɪnˈkloʊʒəɹ/

From Middle English enclosure, from Old French enclosure, from enclore, from Latin inclūdere, inclūdō, from in- (“in”) + claudō (“to shut”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u- (“key, hook, nail”). Alike to inclusion.

inclosure

was as common as or more common until the early 1800s; now uncommon

Copyright, from day one, was designed to be both an impediment and an incentive, a mechanism of enclosure (one that prevented the unlicensed printing of texts, thereby limiting access) and a catalyst of sorts, a structure to stimulate the production of literary goods by rewarding writers and publishers for their labor.

2014, Astra Taylor, chapter 5, in The People's Platform: Taking Back Power and Culture in the Digital Age, Henry Holt and Company

The commons evokes resistance to “enclosure” in all its forms, whether in its early proto-capitalist form of fencing in commonly shared land, or in its contemporary forms of marshalling judicial restraints such as “patent” and “intellectual property” to police the ownership of ideas.

2019, Robert Stam, World Literature, Transnational Cinema, and Global Media, Routledge

intellectual property
intellectual property

(uncountable, by extension) The act of restricting access to ideas, works of art or technologies using patents or intellectual property laws.


tart

From sweetheart or jam tart (“attractive woman”) by shortening.

We know the majority of the places that these tarts will hang out at.

1950, Roy E. Blick (police inspector), testimony before the United States Congress

(British, slang, derogatory, by extension) Any woman with loose sexual morals.


science fiction

en-noun

science fiction (usually uncountable, plural science fictions)

From science + fiction; apparently coined in 1851 by W. Wilson.

Despite decades of research, mass-market personal aircraft are still science fiction.

(by extension) Technology that, while theoretically possible, is not yet practical.


adultery

adultery (countable and uncountable, plural adulteries)

From the Old French scholarly form adultere (“violation of conjugal faith”) (in Bernard of Clairvaux, Sermons, 12c.), from Latin adulterium, from adulterō. Replaced the older form avoutrie, from the popular Old French forms avouterie or aoulterie. Compare French adultère (“adultery”). Displaced Old English ǣwbryċe. Not related to adult.

Thou shalt not commit adultery.

(biblical, broadly) Lewdness or unchastity of thought as well as act, as forbidden by the sixth/seventh commandment; sinful sexual behavior as a category.

زِنىً

lewdness or unchastity of thought as well as act, as forbidden by the seventh commandment


traitor

From Middle English traitor, traitour, traytour, from Old French traïtor (French traître), from Latin trāditor. Displaced native Middle English swike from Old English swica (“traitor”), and Middle English proditour and traditour borrowed directly from Latin. The general Old English word denoting "traitor" was lǣwa or lǣwend. Doublet of traditor.

It's second nature now to think myself a traitor
To myself, to all I've ever burdened with my rotting visage
I can't breathe, the weight of all I've disappointed crushes me
If I were happy, it would feel as if I couldn't trust me

2019, Patricia Taxxon (lyrics and music), “Cold Water”, in Doraemon

It took you two weeks
To go off and date her
Guess you didn't cheat
But you're still, you're still a traitor
Yeah, you're still a traitor

2021, Olivia Rodrigo, Dan Nigro (lyrics and music), “Traitor”, in Sour, performed by Olivia Rodrigo

(by extension) One who betrays any confidence or trust.


algorithm

algorithm (countable and uncountable, plural algorithms)

→ Japanese: アルゴリズム (arugorizumu)

→ Korean: 알고리즘 (algorijeum)

/ˈælɡəɹɪðəm/

[ˈæɫɡəɹɪðm̩]

/ˈælɡəˌɹɪðəm/

[ˈæɫɡəˌɹɪðm̩]

Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī
algorithm

From Middle English algorisme, augrym, from Anglo-Norman algorisme, augrim, from Medieval Latin algorismus, from Arabic الخَوَارِزْمِيّ (al-ḵawārizmiyy), the nisba of Persian mathematician Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī and a toponymic name meaning "person from Chorasmia". The spelling change (-s- > -th-) was influenced by unrelated Ancient Greek ἀριθμός (arithmós) (whence English arithmo-).

der

الخَوَارِزْمِيّ

(loosely) A flowchart illustrating a decision-making process for human users, especially health care professionals.

Glover began his acceptance speech by saying, “First, I want to thank the algorithm that put us all here.”

2018 February 26, Tad Friend, quoting Donald Glover, “Donald Glover Can’t Save You”, in The New Yorker

(informal, social media, by extension, usually preceded with "the") The recommendation algorithm used by social media websites to determine the contents of one's feed.

social media; usually preceded with "the"; social media; usually preceded with "the"


pitchfork

/ˈpɪt͡ʃˌfɔɹk/

From Middle English pichfork, pycchefork, pychforke, pikeforke, pikkforke, pic-forcke, equivalent to pitch + fork.

(casual, loosely) Any fork used for farm labor, even a digging fork (but such usage is often considered ignorant by experienced farmers).


continental

not worth a continental

I don't care a continental!

(obsolete, by extension) The smallest amount; a whit; a jot.


banger

→ Estonian: bänger

→ Finnish: bängeri

From bang + -er. The sausages were so called because of their excess water content and impervious skin, leading to the risk of explosion if not punctured before cooking.

A thing or person which bangs, in any sense.

(slang, by extension) Any particularly good or pleasing thing.

can’t stop getting bangers

(Internet slang, also attributive) A good or popular post.


shell

From Middle English schelle, from Old English sċiell, from Proto-West Germanic *skallju, from Proto-Germanic *skaljō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to split, cleave”).
Compare West Frisian skyl (“peel, rind”), Dutch schil (“peel, skin, rink”), Low German Schell (“shell, scale”), Irish scelec (“pebble”), Latin silex (“pebble, flint”), siliqua (“pod”), Old Church Slavonic сколика (skolika, “shell”). More at shale.
Doublet of sheal.
* (computing): From being viewed as an outer layer of interface between the user and the operating-system internals.

cog

(by extension) Any mollusk having such a covering.

A hard external covering of an animal.
Any mollusk having such a covering.


tang

From Middle English tange, variant of tonge (“tongs, fang”), from Old Norse tangi (“pointed metal tool”), perhaps related to Old Norse tunga (“tongue”). But see also Middle Dutch tanger (“sharp, tart, pinching”).

ruoti

projecting part of an object by means of which it is secured to some other part

angel

part of small instrument inserted into handle

(by extension) Anything resembling a tongue in form or position, such as the tongue of a buckle.

kieli

anything resembling a tongue in form or position


Sherlock Holmes

What powers of deduction! . . . And what assurance! . . . A real Sherlock Holmes! I really didn’t think detectives like that existed, except in books!

1978, Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper, Michael Turner, transl., Tintin in America (The Adventures of Tintin), Egmont, published 2012, page 45

(figuratively, by extension) Any person who has or is considered to have great powers of observation and deduction.


hitchhike

en-verb

hitchhike (third-person singular simple present hitchhikes, present participle hitchhiking, simple past and past participle hitchhiked)

hitchhikes (present singular third-person)
hitchhiking (participle present)
hitchhiked (participle past)
hitchhiked (past)

ճանապարհորդել ավտոստոպով

to try to get a ride in a passing vehicle while standing at the side of a road

дайгдах

замын машинд

проголосова́ть pf (progolosovátʹ, literally “vote”)

путеше́ствовать автосто́пом

see: автостоп

In genetic hitchhiking, a gene is propagated because it occurs in conjunction with a favourable mutation.

In cultural hitchhiking, a cultural trait spreads with a technologically advanced population.

We are constantly being exposed to fungi, whether by picking up spores on our skin or eating food on which fungi are hitchhiking. Most of them won’t take up residence in our bodies.

2022 September 29, Carl Zimmer, “A New Approach to Spotting Tumors: Look for Their Microbes”, in The New York Times

(intransitive, by extension) To be carried along with something else.


pantheon

Usain Bolt seals his place in the pantheon with stunning fifth gold

2012 September 8, Richard Williams, “Sports - Olypics - Usain Bolt”, in The Guardian

Mahomes, Kelce, head coach Andy Reid and other key contributors to the Chiefs’ recent run can now put themselves alongside NFL legends in the pantheon of the sport’s greatest.

2024 February 12, Ben Morse and Steve Almasy, “Kansas City Chiefs defeat San Francisco 49ers in OT in Super Bowl LVIII, become first back-to-back NFL champions in 19 years”, in CNN.com

(by extension) A category or classification denoting the most honored persons of a group.

πάνθεο

a category or classification denoting the most honored persons of a group


ordure

en-noun

ordure (countable and uncountable, plural ordures)

From Middle English ordure, ordure, borrowed from Middle French ordure and Anglo-Norman ordure, ordeur(e), ordor(e), ordour from Old French ordure (“dirt, filth, refuse; dung, excrement; moral filth”) (modern French ordure), from ord (“filthy”) + -ure (suffix forming nouns describing the results of actions). Ord is derived from Latin horridus (“dreadful, frightful, horrid”), from horreō (“to stand erect, stand on end; to shiver, tremble; to be afraid of, dread; to be frightful”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰers- (“stiff; surprised”)) + -idus (suffix meaning ‘tending to’).

der

For, that the ordure, which continually gathers on the skin, would ſoon ſtop the pores of it, if the ſweat were not furniſht with ſome efficacious diſſolvent to open and pierce them.

1669 August 26, “[An Accompt of Some Books.] III. Ottonis Tachenii Hippocrates Chymicus. Venetiis in 12º.”, in Philosophical Transactions: Giving Some Accompt of the Present Undertakings, Studies and Labours of the Ingenious in Many Considerable Parts of the World, volume IV, number 50, London: Printed by T. N. for John Martyn […], printer to the Royal Society, published 1670, →OCLC, pages 1019–1020

As my Papers are intended for ſhort Eſſays of Morality,—I ſhall leave to the Authors of Common-Senſe, the full Poſſeſſion of their Puns and Ordures, both now and evermore; [...]

1738 February, [Lady Mary Wortley Montagu], “Nonsense of Common-sense. No. 7. Of Indecent Writers.”, in Sylvanus Urban [pseudonym; Edward Cave], editor, The Gentleman’s Magazine: And Historical Chronicle, volume VIII, London: Printed by Edw[ard] Cave, jun. […], →OCLC, page 87, column 1

[James] Douglas – who had recently railed against Aldous Huxley’s Antic Hay for its ‘ordure and blasphemy’, summed the book [Aleister Crowley’s Diary of a Drug Fiend (1922)] up as ‘describing the orgies of vice practised by a group of moral degenerates who stimulate their degraded lusts by doses of cocaine and heroin’.

2012, Kevin Jackson, “November”, in Constellation of Genius: 1922: Modernism Year One, London: Hutchinson; 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2013, page 320

(by extension) Something regarded as contaminating or perverting the morals; obscene material.

сквернословие

something regarded as contaminating or perverting the morals


battleship

From battle + ship; shortened from line-of-battle ship, attested 1794.

Schlachtschiff n. Schlachtschiff is used for dreadnought battleships

Linienschiff is used for pre-dreadnought battleships.

(military, nautical) A large capital warship displacing thousands to tens of thousands of tons, heavily armoured and armed with large-caliber guns; now obsolescent and replaced by smaller vessels with guided missiles.

(science fiction, by extension) A starship of comparable role


result

Recorded since 1432 as Middle English resulten, from Medieval Latin resultare, in Classical Latin "to spring forward, rebound", the frequentative of the past participle of resilio (“to rebound”), from re- (“back”) + salio (“to jump, leap”).

(by extension) A positive or favourable outcome for someone.


barrack

From French baraque; from Catalan barraca.

(by extension, chiefly in the plural) Any very plain, monotonous, or ugly large building.


gladiator

From Latin gladiātor, from gladius (“sword”). See also English gladius.

(by extension) A disputant in a public controversy or debate.


derelict

en-adj

derelict (comparative more derelict, superlative most derelict)

more derelict (comparative)
most derelict (superlative)

PIE word
 *de
The adjective and verb are a learned borrowing from Latin dērelictus (“(completely) abandoned, deserted, forsaken; discarded”), the perfect passive participle of dērelinquō (“to abandon, desert, forsake; to discard”), from dē- (prefix meaning ‘away from; completely, thoroughly’) + relinquō (“to abandon, desert, forsake, leave (behind); to depart (from); to give up, relinquish”) (from Proto-Italic *wrelinkʷō, from *wre (“again”) (whence Latin rē- (prefix meaning ‘again’)) + *linkʷō (“to leave”) (whence linquō (“to forsake; depart from, leave, quit”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *leykʷ- (“to leave”))). Doublet of relict and relinquish.
The noun is derived from the adjective.

atılmış

given up by the guardian or owner — see also abandoned, forsaken

(by extension) Of property: in a poor state due to abandonment or neglect; dilapidated, neglected.


derelict

en-noun

derelict (countable and uncountable, plural derelicts)

hylätty omaisuus

property abandoned by its former guardian or owner; item of such property

hulttio

A very gratifying development of the work in this office has been the gradual improvement in the class and type of applicants. […] This improvement is due, in part to the arrangement with the Federal Employment office whereby the latter handles the common labor, in which group there is always a large percentage of transients, derelicts and loafers, hoboes and ne'er-do-wells.

1918, V. A. Zimmer, “Part VII: Report of Bureau of Employment [Report of the Superintendent of the Buffalo Office]”, in Annual Report of the Industrial Commission for the Twelve Months Ended June 30, 1917 […], Albany, N.Y.: State Department of Labor, →OCLC, page 249

As they hunt, the Archers and Duval find many derelicts and ne'er-do-wells in many parts of Paris.

1988, Jonathan D[ermot] Spence, “Paris”, in The Question of Hu (A Borzoi Book), New York, N.Y.: Alfred A[braham] Knopf, page 87

[P]ublic charity has been permeated with judgments about the moral character of the poor. […] We see the distinction at work when victims of natural disasters and terrorist attacks are treated more generously than derelicts and drug addicts.

2004, Katherine V[an] W[ezel] Stone, “The Working Rich and the Working Poor: Income Inequality in the Digital Era”, in From Widgets to Digits: Employment Regulation for the Changing Workplace, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, page 280

(countable, by extension, derogatory) A homeless and/or jobless person; a vagrant; also, a person who is (perceived as) negligent in their hygiene and personal affairs.


fairy godmother

fairy godmother (plural fairy godmothers)

How lucky you are to have me for a friend! I am a fairy godmother to you!

2007, Choderlos de Laclos, translated by Helen Constantine, Dangerous Liaisons, Penguin, page 195


fungi

See fungee. Sense 2 (“style of folk and popular music”) is apparently from the fact that the music is a blend of different musical instruments and styles, just as the dish (sense 1) is a blend of different flavours.

percussion instrument
percussion instrument

(by extension, music) A style of folk and popular music from the Virgin Islands, traditionally performed by bands consisting of banjo, guitar, ukulele, and washboard with various percussion instruments on rhythm.