sandwich

en-noun

sandwich (plural sandwiches or (rare) sandwichs)

sandwiches (plural)
sandwichs (plural rare)

desc

سَانْدَوِيتْش

Arabic: سَانْدَوِيتْش (sandawitš)

Armenian: սենդվիչ (sendvičʻ)

Bengali: স্যান্উইজ (sênuij)

Bulgarian: са́ндвич (sándvič)

Burmese: ဆန်းဒဝစ် (hcan:da.wac)

Catalan: sandvitx

Chinese: 三明治 (sānmíngzhì), 三文治 (sānwénzhì)

Czech: sendvič

Danish: sandwich

Dutch: sandwich

Esperanto: sandviĉo

French: sandwich

Norman French: sannouiche

Galician: sándwich

Georgian: სენდვიჩი (sendviči)

German: Sandwich

Greek: σάντουιτς (sántouits)

Hawaiian: kanauika

Hindi: सैंडविच (saiṇḍvic)

Hungarian: szendvics

Ido: sandwicho

Japanese: サンドイッチ (sandoitchi)

Korean: 샌드위치 (saendeuwichi)

Latvian: sendvičs

Marshallese: jāānwūj

Malay: sandwic

Norman: sannouiche

Norwegian: sandwich

Persian: ساندویچ (sândevič)

Occitan: sandoich, sandwich

Polish: sandwicz

Portuguese: sanduíche (Brazil), sandes (Portugal)

Romanian: sandviș, sandvici

Russian: са́ндвич (sándvič), сэ́ндвич (sɛ́ndvič)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: се̏ндвич

Latin script: sȅndvič

Sinhalese: සැන්ඩ්විච් (sænḍwic)

Slovene: sendvič

qualifier

Spanish: sándwich, sánduche (Colombia, Ecuador, Puerto Rico, Venezuela), sánguche (Argentina, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela)

Swedish: sandwich

Thai: แซนด์วิช (sɛɛn-wít)

Tibetan: སན་ཊ་ཝིཆི (san ṭa wichi)

Turkish: sandviç

Urdu: سینڈوچ (saiṇḍavic)

Vietnamese: xăng duych

Volapük: sändvig

[ˈsæmˌwɪt͡ʃ]

[ˈsæ̃ˌwɪt͡ʃ]

Named after its supposed inventor, the Earl of Sandwich (see Sandwich).

(by extension) Any combination formed by layering one type of material between two layers of some other material.


spam

en-verb

spam (third-person singular simple present spams, present participle spamming, simple past and past participle spammed)

spams (present singular third-person)
spamming (participle present)
spammed (participle past)
spammed (past)

The original sense (canned ham) is a proprietary name registered by Geo. A. Hormel & Co. in U.S., 1937. It is presumed to be a conflation of either "spiced ham" or "shoulder of pork and ham" but was soon extended to other kinds of canned meat. Hormel spells the trademarked name in all upper case.
The use for unsolicited and unwanted email derives from a Monty Python sketch (Flying Circus, Episode 25). In the 1970 sketch, a group of Vikings in a restaurant repeatedly chant the word "spam". The earliest recorded real-life use for this sense occurs around 1993 which finds reference in a newsgroup post dated March 31, 1993.
The term appears to have been used earlier in a different sense in relation to "Multi-User Dungeons" (MUDs), a kind of multi-user computer gaming environment before widespread use of the Internet, in the 1980s.

Stop spamming that special attack!

Spam the Z key to get a speed boost.

(transitive, by extension, computing, video games) To do something rapidly and repeatedly.


hound

From Middle English hound, from Old English hund, from Proto-West Germanic *hund, from Proto-Germanic *hundaz. Cognate with West Frisian hûn, Dutch hond, Luxembourgish Hond, German Hund, German Low German Hund, Danish hund, Faroese hundur, Icelandic hundur, Norwegian Bokmål hund, Norwegian Nynorsk hund, and Swedish hund, from pre-Germanic *ḱuntós (compare Latvian sùnt-ene (“big dog”), enlargement of Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ (“dog”) (compare Old Irish cú (“dog”), Tocharian B ku, Lithuanian šuõ, Armenian շուն (šun), Russian сука (suka)). Doublet of canine.
In 14th-century England, hound was the general word for all domestic canines, and dog referred to a subtype resembling the modern mastiff and bulldog. By the 16th century, dog had become the general word, and hound had begun to refer only to breeds used for hunting.

hold with the hare and run with the hounds

run with the hare and hunt with the hounds

On the way out of the building I was asked for my autograph. If I'd known who the signature hound thought I was, I would've signed appropriately.

1996, Marc Parent, Turning Stones, Harcourt Brace & Company, page 93

I still do not know if he's taken on this case because he's a glory hound, because he wants the PR, or if he simply wanted to help Anna.

2004, Jodi Picoult, My Sister's Keeper, Simon & Schuster,, page 483

(by extension) Someone who seeks something.

"She had a good many successors, John."
"You are such a hound, in that respect, Goodson," said Claywell, "and you have always been such a hound, that it astounds me to find you—unaccompanied."

1915, Norman Duncan, "A Certain Recipient", in Harper's, volume 122, number 787, December 1915, republished in Harper's Monthly Magazine, volume 122, December 1915 to May 1916, page 108, "Are you alone, Goodson? […] I thought, perhaps, that the […] young woman, Goodson, who supplanted Mary?" […]

(by extension) A male who constantly seeks the company of desirable women.

häntäheikki

male who constantly seeks the company of desirable females


fatwa

Ruhollah Khomeini
Salman Rushdie
The Satanic Verses

The noun is borrowed from Arabic فَتْوَى (fatwā, “formal legal opinion”), the verbal noun of أَفْتَى (ʔaftā, “to deliver a formal opinion”) (whence مُفْتٍ (muftin, “mufti”), the active participle of the same verb: see mufti).
The forms fetwa, fetwah are derived from Italian fetfà (obsolete), and directly from its etymon Ottoman Turkish فتوی (fetva) (modern Turkish fetva), from Arabic فَتْوَى (fatwā): see above.
Modern uses of noun sense 1.2 (“decree that a person should be put to death”) and the corresponding verb sense are probably influenced by the issuance of a fatwa on 14 February 1989 by the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (1900 or 1902 – 1989), the Supreme Leader of Iran, calling for the British-American author Salman Rushdie (born 1947) and his publishers to be put to death for alleged blasphemy in his novel The Satanic Verses (1988).
The plural form fatawa is borrowed from Arabic فَتَاوَى (fatāwā).
The verb is derived from the noun.

fatwa

formal ruling issued by an Islamic judicial authority

(by extension, loosely, erroneous) A decree issued by a mufti or other Islamic judicial authority that a person should be put to death, usually as punishment for committing apostasy or blasphemy.

(religion, by extension) A formal decree or ruling, or statement, issued by an authority of a religion other than Islam.

fatwa

loosely: similar ruling issued by an authority of a religion other than Islam


lesbian

en-adj

lesbian (comparative more lesbian, superlative most lesbian)

more lesbian (comparative)
most lesbian (superlative)

From Latin Lesbiana, from Ancient Greek Λέσβος (Lésbos) + Latin adjective suffix -iana; by reference to Sappho of Lesbos (whence also sapphist, sapphic), known for her sentimental poems about women. This sense of the word may have been borrowed from, or influenced by, the German cognate lesbisch, where it is found in medical literature from the 1830s.

(of a woman) Homosexual, gay; preferring exclusively women as romantic or sexual partners.

(of a woman, broadly) Preferring primarily women as romantic or sexual partners.


Luddite

Named after Ned Ludd, a legendary example, + -ite.

[Benjamin Friedman] added, "How long does it take the Luddites to be wrong — a few years, a decade, a couple of decades?" Perhaps just as important, what happens to the workers who happen to be living during a time when the Luddite argument has some truth to it?

2012 October 24, David Leonhardt, “Standard of Living Is in the Shadows as Election Issue”, in The New York Times, →ISSN

(by extension, often derogatory) Someone who opposes technological change.

(by extension, casual) One who lives among nature, forsaking technology.


avuncular

avuncular (comparative more avuncular, superlative most avuncular)

more avuncular (comparative)
most avuncular (superlative)

/əˈvʌŋkjʊlə/

/əˈvʌŋkjʊlɚ/

From Latin avunculus (“maternal uncle”).

A man with such a nice, avuncular personality would not blow up the world.

1987 January, William Schneider, “The New Shape of American Politics”, in The Atlantic

I imagine the Dreamward’s Hotel Manager to be an avuncular Norwegian with a rag sweater and a soothing odor of Borkum Rif about him, a guy w/o sunglasses or hauteur who throws open the pressurized doors to the Dreamward’s Bridge and galley and Vacuum Sewage System and personally takes me through, offering pithy and quotable answers to questions before I’ve even asked them.

1997, David Foster Wallace, “A Supposedly Fun Thing I'll Never Do Again”, in A Supposedly Fun Thing I'll Never Do Again, Kindle edition, Little, Brown Book Group

Thornton's reputation was that of a soft-hearted and avuncular veterinarian known for getting teary-eyed while listening to even slightly sentimental stories.

2003 September 20, Vicki Croke, “New leader of the MSPCA moves to tame budget woes”, in Boston Globe

(by extension) Kind, genial, benevolent, or tolerant.


toxin

From Latin toxicum, equivalent to toxi- + -in.

(loosely, usually proscribed) Synonym of toxicant: a toxic substance in a body requiring removal.


atheism

en-noun

atheism (usually uncountable, plural atheisms)

16th century Middle French athéisme, from athée (“atheist”), a loan from Ancient Greek ἄθεος (átheos, “godless”, from ἀ- (a-, “without”) + θεός (theós, “deity, god”)).
First English attestation dates to 1587 (OED).

ateïsme

lack of belief that any deities exist (with or without a belief that no deities exist)

Near-synonyms: irreligion, irreligiousness, nonreligion, nonreligiousness

The theory of Secularism is a form, not of dogmatic, but of skeptical, Atheism; it is dogmatic only in denying the sufficiency of the evidence for the being and perfections of God. It does not deny, it only does not believe, His existence.

1857, James Buchanan, Modern Atheism: under its forms of Pantheism, Materialism, Secularism, Development, and Natural Laws, Boston: Gould and Lincoln, page 365

...but Atheism per se simply means, not denial, but rejection, in the sense of not accepting the Theistic theory of the universe which Mr. Lee has put forward tonight.

1896, George William Foote with W. T. Lee, “First Night”, in Theism or Athiesm: Which is the more reasonable?, London: R. Forder, page 17

(broadly) A lack of belief in deities, or a belief that there is insufficient evidence to believe in a god.


static

en-noun

static (countable and uncountable, plural statics)

Modern Latin staticus, from Ancient Greek στατικός (statikós), from ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to make stand”). By surface analysis, stasis + -tic.

Coordinate term: runaround

I was getting a lot of static from the bean counters whenever I tried to proceed.

(figurative, by extension, uncountable) Interference or obstruction from people.


hagiography

hagiography (countable and uncountable, plural hagiographies)

/ˌhæɡiˈɒɡɹəfi/

/ˌheɪd͡ʒiˈɒɡɹəfi/

/ˌhæɡiˈɒɡɹəfi/

Churchill revisionism, of course, is almost as much of a cottage industry as Churchill hagiography.

2021 October 26, Peter Baker, “The Case Against Winston Churchill”, in The New York Times, →ISSN

(countable, by extension) A biography which expresses reverence and respect for its subject.


ruse

ruse (countable and uncountable, plural ruses)

From Middle English rūse (“evasive movements of a pursued animal; circuitous course taken by a hunter to pursue a game animal”), from Old French rëuse, ruse (“evasive movements of a pursued animal; trickery”) (modern French ruse (“trick, ruse; cunning, guile”)), from ruser (“to use cunning, to be crafty, beguile”), possibly from Latin rursus (“backward; on the contrary; again, in return”) or Latin recūsāre, from recūsō (“to decline, refuse; to object to, protest, reject”). Doublet of recuse and rouse in the latter case.
The verb is derived from the noun. Compare Middle French ruser (“to use cunning, to be crafty, beguile”); see further above.

cog

Near-synonyms: ploy, stratagem

It must be borne in mind that huntsmen sometimes make casts which they know must lose them their fox: […] At the same time, it would be bad policy to explain these little matters: some parties, who are not sufficiently acquainted with the management of hounds, might be discontented, whereas by such a ruse no offence is given, as nine-tenths of the Field are not aware that it is not the most likely cast to recover the scent.

1839 November, “Cecil”, “Observations on Hunting, with Comparisons of the Usages of the Past and Present Days”, in The Sporting Magazine, or Monthly Calendar of the Transactions of the Turf, the Chase and Every Other Diversion Interesting to the Man of Pleasure, Enterprise & Spirit, volume XX (2nd Series; volume XCV, Old Series), number CXV, London: Published by [J.] Pittman, […], published 1840, →OCLC, page 53

He was soon upon his feet, another assegai whistled through the air, and pierced through the neck of the lioness. But, as before, the wound was not fatal, and the animal, now enraged to a frenzy, charged once more upon her assailant. So rapid was her advance that it was with great difficulty Congo got under cover. A moment later, and his ruse would have failed, for the claws of the lion rattled upon the shield as it descended.

1857, [Thomas] Mayne, “How Congo the Kaffir Killed a Lioness”, in The Young Yägers: Or, A Narrative of Hunting Adventures in Southern Africa, London: David Bogue, […], →OCLC, pages 64–65

I have that strong impression on my mind that a person who is guilty of a ruse will hesitate at no falsehood. If it was a ruse, and if it was a deceit, you are to judge whether that elevates the persons in your mind who are parties to that trick.

1873 August 7, “Sixty-eighth Day.—Tuesday, August 7th, 1873.”, in [Edward] Kenealy, editor, The Trial at Bar of Sir Roger C. D. Tichborne, Bart., […], volume IV, London: "Englishman" Office, Bouverie Street, Fleet Street, London, published 1877, →OCLC, page 69, column 2

Soon, however, Courvoisier forced matters, when, despairing of ever catching the wily outlaw leader by fair means, he resorted to the ruse of carrying off Friar Tuck of Copmanhurst and holding him as a hostage.

1922 May, Fred R. Hurworth, “The Alchemist: A Story of the Days of Robin Hood”, in The Boy’s Own Paper, volume XLV, part 7, London: "Boy's Own Paper" Office, […], →OCLC, chapter I, page 474, column 1

Warships, whether surface or submarine, may use ruses and strategems. They may sail under false flags, both enemy and neutral, but before going into action whether at sea or if about to attack a land target they must strike any false colours and raise their own battle colours. It would be perfidy for them to use the red cross or crescent or any other protected emblem in this way.

1993, L[eslie] C. Green, “Conduct of Hostilities: Maritime”, in The Contemporary Law of Armed Conflict (Melland Schill Monographs in International Law), Manchester, New York, N.Y.: Manchester University Press, page 169

The terminological distinction between reproductive and therapeutic cloning is a semantic ruse, as every instance of human cloning is a true reproducive act. That is to say, the intended purpose of this research is to produce a new human being with human embryonic stem cells.

2005 November, John R. Meyer, “The Brave New World of Embryonic Stem Cell Research: Utilitarian Consequentialism and Faulty Moral Reasoning”, in Eugene F. Diamond, John J. Brennan, editors, The Linacre Quarterly: Journal of the Catholic Medical Association, volume 72, number 1, Needham, Mass.: Catholic Medical Association, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, footnote 2, page 327

Politics is a dirty business, a ruse, an ideological cul-de-sac, a vast looter of intellectual and financial resources, a lie that corrupts, a deceiver, a means of unleashing vast evil in the world of the most unexpected and undetected sort and the greatest diverter of human productivity ever concocted by those who do not believe in authentic social and economic progress.

2012 August 12, Anthony Wile (interviewer), Jeffrey Tucker, “Exclusive Interview: Jeffrey Tucker on Laissez Faire Books, Intellectual Property Rights and ‘Beautiful Anarchy’”, in The Daily Bell, archived from the original on 2017-08-08

(countable, by extension) An action intended to deceive; a trick.

ܦܘܪܣܐ

action intended to deceive — see also trick


strong

en-adj

strong (comparative stronger, superlative strongest)

stronger (comparative)
strongest (superlative)

forceless

antonym(s) of “capable of producing great physical force”

fragile

antonym(s) of “capable of withstanding great physical force”

diluted

antonym(s) of “having a high concentration of an essential or active ingredient”

Sranan Tongo: tranga

Aukan: taanga

Saramaccan: taánga

From Middle English strong, strang, from Old English strang, from Proto-West Germanic *strang, from Proto-Germanic *strangaz (“tight, strict, straight, strong”), from Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ- (“taut, stiff, tight”). Cognate with Scots strang (“strong”), Saterland Frisian strang, West Frisian string (“austere, strict, harsh, severe, stern, stark, tough”), Dutch streng (“strict, severe, tight”), German streng (“strict, severe, austere”), Swedish sträng, strang (“severe, strict, harsh”), Norwegian strang (“strong, harsh, bitter”), Norwegian streng (“strong, hard”), Icelandic strangur (“strict”), Latin stringō (“tighten”).

cog

a chain is only as strong as its weakest link

the strong do what they can and the weak suffer what they must

Perhaps we grows very strong, stronger than Wraiths. Lord Smeagol? Gollum the Great? The Gollum! Eat fish every day, three times a day, fresh from the sea.

1954, J[ohn] R[onald] R[euel] Tolkien, “The Passage of the Marshes”, in The Two Towers (The Lord of the Rings; 2), HarperCollinsPublishers, published 2001, page 619

(broadly) Possessing power, might, or strength.


reptile

From Middle English reptil, from Old French reptile, from Late Latin rēptile, neuter of reptilis (“creeping”), from Latin rēpō (“to creep”), from Proto-Indo-European *rep- (“to creep, slink”) (Pokorny; Watkins, 1969).

der

(loosely, historical) A reptile or amphibian.


myxomatosis

(broadly) A condition characterized by the growth of many myxomata (tumors of primitive connective tissue).


grease

en-noun

grease (countable and uncountable, plural greases)

From Middle English grece, from Anglo-Norman grece, from Vulgar Latin *grassia, noun derived from Latin crassus (“fat, thick”).

(by extension) Any oily or fatty matter.


Skopje

Romanization of Macedonian Скопје (Skopje).

(by extension) North Macedonia, especially in the Greek media.


lawyer

From Middle English lawier, lawyer, lawer, equivalent to law + -yer.

(by extension) A legal layman who argues points of law.


purge

en-verb

purge (third-person singular simple present purges, present participle purging, simple past and past participle purged)

purges (present singular third-person)
purging (participle present)
purged (participle past)
purged (past)

From Middle English purgen, from Old French purgier, from Latin pūrgō (“I make pure, I cleanse”), from pūrus (“clean, pure”) + agō (“I make, I do”).

Cromwell had Colonel Pride purge Parliament of royalists who opposed Charles I's execution.

(transitive, of an organization, by extension) To forcibly remove people from.

megtisztít

(of an organization) to forcibly remove people from


muggle

See Muggle. The verb sense (“to deface a geocache”) derives from the fact that people interfering with such items are assumed not to be geocachers: see the noun sense 1.2.1.

Some activists might know little of this ‘exterior’, such is their facility to move between activist spaces and places without having to encounter the ever-increasingly one-dimensional world in which the ‘muggles’ live.

2005, David Harvie, Ben Trott, Keir Milburn, editors, Shut Them Down!: The G8, Gleneagles 2005 and the Movement of Movements, Leeds, West Yorkshire: Dissent!; Brooklyn, New York, N.Y.: Autonomedia, page 343

(by extension) A person who lacks a particular ability or skill; a non-specialist; also, a person who is not a member of a group; an outsider.

Try not to let the muggles see you find a Cache.

2006, Wisconsin Natural Resources, Madison, Wis.: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 89

Use Stealth. Commonly used in a place with a high muggle-to-geocacher ratio.

2010, Paul Gillin, Dana Gillin, “Appendix A: Glossary”, in The Joy of Geocaching […], Fresno, Calif.: Quill Driver Books, page 235

Each time we made a find [Teresa] Hinton would check there were no muggles, or non-geocachers, around before taking the container from its hiding place.

2016 February 16, Selina Powell, “The hidden world of geocaching in Marlborough”, in Marlborough Express (reproduced on Stuff), Blenheim, New Zealand: Stuff, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-05-16

Caches can be hidden in a disguised container, or very small package, and one element of difficulty is hiding caches in urban locations, where the hunter will have to avoid being spotted by ‘muggles’ – the name given to those unaware of the sport. Muggles will be surprised at the scale of the secret game taking place under their noses.

2018 February 6, Joseph Smith, “The ‘dead drop’ in Stokes Croft may be more than it appears”, in Bristol Post, Bristol, Somerset: Reach plc, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-02-10

(geocaching, specifically) A person not involved in the pastime of geocaching.


vision

en-noun

vision (countable and uncountable, plural visions)

From Middle English visioun, from Anglo-Norman visioun, from Old French vision, from Latin vīsiō (“vision, seeing”), noun of action from the perfect passive participle visus (“that which is seen”), from the verb videō (“I see”) + action noun suffix -iō.

For having the Idea of any thing in our Mind, no more proves the Exiſtence of that Thing, than the Picture of a Man evidences his being in the World, or the Viſions of a Dream make thereby a true Hiſtory.

1690, John Locke, “Of our Knowledge of the Existence of other Things”, in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, volume II, London: A. Bettesworth et al., published 1735, book III, page 250

(countable, by extension) Something unreal or imaginary; a creation of fancy.


LARP

en-verb

LARP (third-person singular simple present LARPs, present participle LARPing, simple past and past participle LARPed)

LARPs (present singular third-person)
LARPing (participle present)
LARPed (participle past)
LARPed (past)

When you think about it it really is crazy that the true sovereign of the world's imperial hegemon is basically an academic seminar in which a couple of legal scholars larp as historians all day.

2022 June 30, Anton Jäger (@AntonJaegermm), Twitter

Harper Spiller (Aubrey Plaza): I don't know what my problem is. I just feel like— I feel like we're LARPing as rich people.
Ethan Spiller (Will Sharpe): We're not LARPing. How— how are we LARPing?

2022 November 6, Mike White, “Italian Dream”, in Mike White, director, The White Lotus, season 2, episode 2, via HBO

(slang, by extension) To pretend to be something, or act as something.

cos

to pretend to be something or act as something


lexeme

From Latin lexis, from Ancient Greek λέξις (léxis, “word”) + -eme, a suffix indicating a fundamental unit in some aspect of linguistic structure. Extracted from phoneme, from Ancient Greek φώνημα (phṓnēma, “sound”), from φωνέω (phōnéō, “to sound”), from φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”).

لِكْسِيم

linguistics: unit of vocabulary, set of different forms of the same lemma

multi-word expression
multi-word expression

(linguistics) A lexical item corresponding to the set of all words (or of all multi-word expressions) that are semantically related through inflection of a particular shared basic form.

(loosely) The set itself; a lexemic family.

(loosely) The word-form chosen to represent such a set or family.


net

From Middle English nett, from Old English net, nett, from Proto-West Germanic *nati, from Proto-Germanic *natją, from Proto-Indo-European *ned- (“to turn, twist, knot”).
Cognate with West Frisian net, Low German Nett, Dutch net, German Netz, Danish net, Swedish nät.

der

caught in the prosecuting attorney's net

(tennis, by extension) The area of the court close to the net (mesh stretched to divide the court).


cross

→ Japanese: クロス (kurosu)

From Middle English cross, cros, from Old English cros (“rood, cross”), perhaps from Old Irish cros (compare Welsh croes, Irish crois), perhaps from Latin crux (cruci). In this sense displaced native Middle English rood, from Old English rōd; see rood.
The sense of "two intersecting lines drawn or cut on a surface; two lines intersecting at right angles" without regard to religious signification develops from the late 14th century.
cognates
*Old Norse kross (“cross”)
*Icelandic kross (“cross”)
*Faroese krossur (“cross”)
*Danish kors (“cross”)
*Swedish kors (“cross”)
*German Kreuz (“cross”)
*Dutch kruis (“cross”)

Toning down the ancient Viking into a sort of a cross between Paul Jones and Jeremy Diddler

1856, Lord Dufferin, Letters from High Latitudes


turn

en-verb

turn (third-person singular simple present turns, present participle turning, simple past and past participle turned or (obsolete) turnt)

turns (present singular third-person)
turning (participle present)
turned (participle past)
turned (past)
turnt (obsolete participle past)
turnt (obsolete past)
turn (infinitive)

From Middle English turnen, from Old English turnian, tyrnan (“to turn, rotate, revolve”) and Old French torner (“to turn”), both from Latin tornāre (“to round off, turn in a lathe”), from tornus (“lathe”), from Ancient Greek τόρνος (tórnos, “turning-lathe: a tool used for making circles”), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, rub by turning, turn, twist, bore”). Cognate with Old English þrāwan (“to turn, twist, wind”), whence English throw. Displaced native Middle English wenden from Old English wendan (see wend), and Middle English trenden from Old English trendan (see trend), among several other terms.

lyödä kierre

in cricket, make the ball move sideways when it bounces

kiertää

of a cricket ball, move sideways when it bounces

-ul

e.g. “turn yellow”: sárga → sárgul, “turn brown”: barna → barnul

(by extension) To give form to; to shape or mould; to adapt.


grate

en-verb

grate (third-person singular simple present grates, present participle grating, simple past and past participle grated)

grates (present singular third-person)
grating (participle present)
grated (participle past)
grated (past)

From Middle English graten, from Old French grater (“to scrape”) ( > French gratter), from Frankish *krattōn, from Proto-Germanic *krattōną. Cognate with Old High German krazzon ( > German kratzen (“to scrawl”) > Danish kradse), Icelandic krassa (“to scrawl”) and Danish kratte.

She’s nice enough, but she can begin to grate if there is no-one else to talk to.

(by extension, intransitive) To get on one's nerves; to irritate, annoy.

2015, Art Levy in Florida Trend, Roland Martin is a Florida 'Icon'
one of the issues that's kind of grating me a little bit is weed control.


paw

paw (third-person singular simple present paws, present participle pawing, simple past and past participle pawed)

paws (present singular third-person)
pawing (participle present)
pawed (participle past)
pawed (past)

From Middle English pawe, from Old French poue, poe, from Frankish *pōta (compare Dutch poot, Low German Pote, German Pfote), from Frankish *pōtōn (“to put, stick, plant”) (compare Dutch poten 'to plant'), from Proto-Germanic *putōną (compare Old English potian (“to push”), pȳtan (“to put out, poke out”), Icelandic pota (“to stick”)). More at put.

der

par (non-rhotic, cot–caught merger, father-bother merger)

pa (cot–caught merger, father-bother merger)

IronMan used to be good in this way, back in the '80s. […] They wouldn't subscribe to the old, "Let's put a male bodybuilder with silicone babes pawing him" cover that's mainstay now.

1997 August 17, Robert Spector, misc.fitness.weights (Usenet)

So, Katherine was out with Luke and they were both quite dolled up and swoon-worthy. Katherine fawned all over Luke and pawed him, but to what end? Was Stefan supposed to believe that Luke and Katherine have some sort of a thing going? What was the point of this display from Katherine's perspective?

1997 October 26, Amy McWilliams, quoting Verbotene, rec.arts.tv.soaps.abc (Usenet)

Subtlety is great, but what exactly happened with Jessica and the cop during sex that he locked her up afterwards? Also, what was the item she nicked from his shirt while she pawed him?

2002 July 18, Lurker Dave, rec.arts.comics.marvel.universe (Usenet)

Tonight there are no drug deals, no fights, only the random foolishness of the young and inebriated. They stagger with linked arms down the middle of the street. They paw at each other.

2018 February, Robert Draper, “They are Watching You—and Everything Else on the Planet: Technology and Our Increasing Demand for Security have Put Us All under Surveillance. Is Privacy Becoming just a Memory?”, in National Geographic, Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-06-14

He was good-looking, masculine, funny, charismatic and he could dance the cha-cha-cha. And he’s never a brute. He’s flirting with women but he’s not pawing them.

2023 October 6, Ryan Gilbey, quoting Illeana Douglas, “The double life of Rock Hudson: ‘Let’s be frank, he was a horndog!’”, in The Guardian, →ISSN

(by extension) To touch someone in a sexual way.

osahávat

to touch someone (with the hands) in a sexual way

(by extension) To clumsily dig through something.


turf

en-noun

turf (countable and uncountable, plural turfs or turves)

From Middle English turf, torf, from Old English turf (“turf, sod, soil, piece of grass covered earth, greensward”), from Proto-West Germanic *turb, from Proto-Germanic *turbz (“turf, lawn”), from Proto-Indo-European *derbʰ- (“tuft, grass”).
Cognate with Dutch turf (“turf”), Middle Low German torf (“peat, turf”) (whence German Torf and German Low German Torf), Swedish torv (“turf”), Norwegian torv (“turf”), Icelandic torf (“turf”), Russian трава (trava, “grass”), Sanskrit दर्भ (darbhá, “a kind of grass”), दूर्वा (dū́rvā, “bent grass”).

cog

sphere of influence
sphere of influence#Noun

(uncountable, by extension) A person's domain or sphere of influence.


glass

en-noun

glass (countable and uncountable, plural glasses)

→ Gulf Arabic: قلاص (gḷāṣ)

→ Fiji Hindi: gilaas

→ Japanese: グラス (gurasu)

→ Kikuyu: ngirathi

→ Malay: gelas, ݢلس

From Middle English glas, from Old English glæs, from Proto-West Germanic *glas, from Proto-Germanic *glasą, possibly related to Proto-Germanic *glōaną (“to shine”) (compare glow), and ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰel- (“to shine, shimmer, glow”). Cognate with West Frisian glês, Dutch glas, Low German Glas, German Glas, Swedish glas, Icelandic gler.

pleksi

sport: barrier made of solid, transparent material

people that live in glass houses should not throw stones

people that live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones

people who live in glass houses should not throw stones

people who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones

those who live in glass houses should not throw stones

those who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones

Metal glasses, unlike those based on silica, are electrically conductive, which can be either an advantage or a disadvantage, depending on the application.

(countable, uncountable, by extension) Any amorphous solid (one without a regular crystal lattice).


millennial

The adjective is a learned borrowing from Late Latin mīllennium (“millennium”) + English -al (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives; and forming nouns). The English word may be analysed as millennium + -al or milli- (prefix meaning ‘thousand’) + -ennial (suffix meaning ‘years’).
Sense 5 (“of or relating to, or characteristic of, people born in the last two decades of the 20th century”) was coined by the American authors William Strauss (1947–2007) and Neil Howe (born 1951) in their book Generations (1991): see the quotations.
The noun is derived from the adjective.

coinage

Michael Dimock (2019 January 17) “Defining generations: Where Millennials end and Generation Z begins”, in Pew Research Center, archived from the original on 2020-06-01.

semiannual · annual · biennial · triennial · quadrennial · quinquennial

quintennial · sextennial · septennial · octennial · novennial · decennary

decennial · sesquidecennial · centennial · sesquicentennial · bicentennial · tricentennial · quadricentennial · bimillennial · trimillennial · quadrimillennial · decamillennial

the millennial generation

He was suffering from a typical millennial problem: Which is the correct emoji to use?

Boomers played cassettes in their cars and popularized FM radio. Thirteeners love their compact disks. Today's electronics industry is abuzz with talk of the new digital technology that awaits Millennial teenagers.

1991, William Strauss, Neil Howe, “The Past as Prologue”, in Generations: The History of America’s Future, 1584 to 2069, New York, N.Y.: William Morrow and Company, part III (The Future), page 352

When the staccato, Neptunes-ian single "Boyfriend" was released in March, musical prognosticators were quick to peg the album it portended, Believe, as Justin Bieber's Justified, a grown-and-sexy, R&B-centric departure that evolved millennial teenybopper Justin Timberlake into one of the unifying pop-music figures of the aughts.

2012 June 26, Genevieve Koski, “Justin Bieber: Believe”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 2023-04-05

Many people, or at least a handful of very loud people, hate to being dubbed Millennial. They see it as derogatory.

2015 August 24, Samantha Sharf, “What is a ‘Millennial’ Anyway? Meet the Man who Coined the Phrase”, in Forbes, New York, N.Y.: Forbes, Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-09-29

But, while many have jumped to label the astrology boom as another millennial trend, that may not actually be the case.

2018 March 22, Wilder Davies, “Mercury Is Entering Retrograde Again. This Is Why So Many People Care”, in Time

We make hits / Two broke millennial men / And we'd do it again

2024, “We Make Hits”, in James Smith (lyrics), Where's My Utopia?, performed by Yard Act

(by extension, originally US, demography) Often capitalized: of or relating to, or characteristic of, people born in the last two decades of the 20th century from around the early 1980s to the mid 1990s (with 1996 births cited as the last Millennial year), and who reached adulthood early in the third millennium C.E.


appendix

en-noun

appendix (plural appendices or appendixes)

idleness is an appendix to nobility; they count it a disgrace to work, and spend all their days in sports, recreations, and pastimes […]

(obsolete in general sense) Something attached to something else; an attachment or accompaniment.


snooker

en-verb

snooker (third-person singular simple present snookers, present participle snookering, simple past and past participle snookered)

snookers (present singular third-person)
snookering (participle present)
snookered (participle past)
snookered (past)

Sam McDougall, Operations Director for NR's East Coast Route, explains: "Until recently, if anything went wrong in the two-track section between Stoke and Doncaster, we were snookered.

2023 July 12, Ben Jones, “'Thunderbirds' are go on the ECML...”, in RAIL, number 987, page 34

(transitive, by extension) To put (someone) in a difficult situation.


lasagna

en-noun

lasagna (countable and uncountable, plural lasagnas or lasagne)

From Italian lasagna (and its plural lasagne), possibly from Vulgar Latin *lasania, from Latin lasanum (“cooking pot”), from Ancient Greek λάσανον (lásanon, “trivet or stand for a pot”). Others argue the Italian lasagna originally derived from the Arabic لَوْزِينَج (lawzīnaj, “almond cake”).

lasagne

this form is the one typically used in British English

Kristofer'd gotten it through his head shortly after their arrival to swim naked in the lake, such as it was, and his skin blemished into a lasagna of red hives, white welts, and disarming yellowish spots.

Unfortunately, typical mattresses are often a lasagna of nonbiodegradable synthetics, pesticides, and potentially carcinogenic toxins.

It's sort of a lasagna of ideas about time and dreams.

2011, Thorsten Botz-Bornstein, Inception and Philosophy: Ideas to Die for, Open Court Publishing, page 280

“Everything about us is just one layer of lies after another. We're a lasagna of lies. This is a terrible basis for a relationship.”

2013, Molly Harper, How to Run with a Naked Werewolf, Simon and Schuster

CHOCOLATE LASAGNA / Who says lasagna is only a main dish? Serve this easy, no-bake lasagna for dessert. / Ingredients / 2 3.9-ounce packages (110 g) instant chocolate pudding mix / 2 cups (473 mL) milk / 8 ounces (227g) whipped topping / 16 graham crackers, chocolate or plan / 1 1/2 cups (75g) mini marshmallows / chocolate syrup

2020, Rebecca E. Hirsch, Garfield's Guide to Lasagna: Cooking Nature's Perfect Food, Lerner Publications, page 20

(by extension) A combination or layering of things.


wort

PIE word
 *wréh₂ds
From Middle English wort, wurt, wyrte (“any herb or plant; herb or plant used as food or medicine; (specifically) cabbage or vegetable of the genus Brassica; (chiefly plural) dish of cooked vegetables”) [and other forms], from Old English wyrt (“a plant; vegetable; herb, spice”) [and other forms], from Proto-West Germanic *wurti (“a root; a spice”), from Proto-Germanic *wrōts (“a root”), from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds (“a root”). Doublet of root and related to orchard.
cognates
* Old Dutch wort (“herb; plant”) (Middle Dutch wort (“herb; root”))
* Old High German wurz (“herb; root; spice”) (Middle High German wurz, modern German Wurz)
* Old Norse jurt, urt (“herb”) (Icelandic jurt, Norwegian urt, Old Danish urt (modern Danish urt), Old Swedish yrt (“plant”) (modern Swedish ört))
* Old Saxon wurt (“herb; plant; root”) (Middle Low German wort, wurt)

nb...

uert, uuort, uurt, wart, wert, werte, wirte, woort, woorte, word, worte, worth, worthe, wortt, wortte, wourt, wourte, wourth, wrt, wrte, wurd, wurte, wurth, wwrt, wyrt, (Early Middle English) virt, wirt, wvrt

nb...

(Late Old English) uuert, uert, virt, vyrt, (Old English) wurt, (Old English, rare) weort, wyirt, (chiefly Kent) wert, (in compounds) wort, (Early Old English) uuyrt, uyrt, wirt, wyrt

cog

(by extension, botany) A non-vascular plant growing on land from the division Anthocerotophyta (the hornworts) or Marchantiophyta (liverworts); an anthocerotophyte or marchantiophyte.


knock about

en-verb

knock about (third-person singular simple present knocks about, present participle knocking about, simple past and past participle knocked about)

knocks about (present singular third-person)
knocking about (participle present)
knocked about (participle past)
knocked about (past)

(by extension) To live an unconventional life.

To move or roam around aimlessly.
To live an unconventional life.

I like to knock about the garden on Saturdays.

To be present at or inhabit a certain place.

(by extension) To engage in a relaxing activity in a place; to hang around in.

rondhangen

to engage in a relaxing activity in a place

I used to knock about with John when we were younger.

John and I used to knock about when we were younger.

(by extension) Often followed by with: to spend time companionably; to hang around.

asustella

to be present at or inhabit a certain place — see also hang around, inhabit

I’ve got some scissors knocking about in the kitchen.

(by extension, usually in present participial form) To be mislaid in a place.


honeycomb

en-noun

honeycomb (countable and uncountable, plural honeycombs)

Alhambra
Oxford English Dictionary
United States Army

The noun is derived from Middle English hony comb, from Old English huniġcamb, from huniġ (“honey”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kn̥h₂ónks (“honey”)) + camb (“comb”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos (“peg; tooth; row of teeth”)). The English word is analysable as honey + comb. The Oxford English Dictionary posits that the arrangement of several plates of wax “hanging parallel to each other from the roof of the hive suggests a comb with its teeth”.
The verb is derived from the noun.

kennosto

something resembling honeycomb in having numerous cells or small holes

hunaja

something resembling honeycomb in sweetness; something desirable or pleasant

(countable, by extension) Something resembling honeycomb (sense 1) in having numerous cells or small holes.

(countable, geometry) A space-filling packing of polytopes in three- or higher-dimensional space.

hunajakenno

The texture of the surface of a solar cell, intended to increase its surface area and capture more sunlight.

(archaic) A defect in a material (especially metal) where small holes are present; specifically (construction), a defect in concrete consisting of numerous voids resulting from the failure of mortar to effectively fill the spaces among coarse aggregate particles.

huokoset

defect in a material where small holes are present; specifically, a defect in concrete consisting of numerous voids

(chiefly aviation) Material manufactured with small hollow cells, sometimes sandwiched between two flat sheets, which is used to make light, stiff structural components.

kennosto

material manufactured with small hollow cells

honeycomb stomach
honeycomb stomach#English

(countable, zoology) Short for honeycomb stomach (“the reticulum or second compartment of the stomach of a cow or other ruminant”).

honeycomb stomach

(uncountable, architecture) Short for honeycomb work (“especially in Moorish architecture: a form of ceiling ornamentation (especially of an arch or dome) made up of small vaulted arches”).

honeycomb work

The wood porch was a honeycomb of termite tunnels before we replaced it.

[There is in Thomas Jefferson] evidence of a mind, soured, yet seeking for popularity, and eaten to a honeycomb with ambition, yet weak, confused, uninformed, and ignorant.

1797 June 20, John Adams, “To Uriah Forrest”, in The Works of John Adams, Second President of the United States: […], volume VIII, Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company, published 1853, →OCLC, pages 546–547


pope

Jamaican Creole: puop

Tok Pisin: pop

→ Hindi: पोप (pop)

→ Urdu: پوپ (pop)

From Middle English pope, popa, from Old English pāpa, from Vulgar Latin papa (title for priests and bishops, esp. and by 8th c. only the bishop of Rome), from early Byzantine Greek παπᾶς (papâs, title for priests and bishops, especially by 3rd c. the bishop of Alexandria), from late Ancient Greek πάπας (pápas, title for priests and bishops, in the sense of spiritual father), from πάππας (páppas, “papa, daddy”).

der

We often say, that every man has a pope in his belly.

1689, G. Bulkeley, “People's Right to Election”, in Andros Tracts, published 1869, II. 106

Burne-Jones... accepted him [Dante Gabriel Rossetti] as the infallible Pope of Art.

Both [discoveries] were rejected offhand by the popes of the field.

Above all, the SED reformers cite the progress inherent in the emancipation of Westem Communist parties from the "red popes in the Kremlin."

1978, Atlas World Press Review, volume 25, page 19

(Roman Catholicism and generally) An honorary title of the Roman Catholic bishop of Rome as father and head of his church, a sovereign of the Vatican city state.

(by extension, now often ironic) Any similarly absolute and 'infallible' authority.

In þat yle dwelleth the Pope of hire lawe, þat þei clepen lobassy.

c. 1400, John Mandeville, Travels (Titus C.xvi, 1919), 205

Mufti, the Mahometan pope or chief of the religion.

1787, Vincent Mignot, translated by A. Hawkins, The history of the Turkish, or Ottoman Empire, section IV

Although Islam has no formal hierarchy of clergy, Tantawy [Egypt's grand imam] often is called the Muslim pope.

(by extension) Any similar head of a religion.


bar

en-noun

bar (countable and uncountable, plural bars)

→ Albanian: bar m

→ Arabic: بَار m (bār)

→ Armenian: բար (bar)

→ Bulgarian: бар (bar)

→ Burmese: ဘား (bha:)

→ Chichewa: bála

→ Cantonese: 吧 (baa¹)

→ Czech: bar m

→ Danish: bar c

→ Dutch: bar m

→ Esperanto: baro

→ Estonian: baar

→ French: bar m
→ Romanian: bar

→ Galician: bar m

→ Georgian: ბარი (bari)

→ German: Bar f

→ Greek: μπαρ n (bar)

→ Gulf Arabic: بار (bār)

→ Hebrew: בָּר (bar), בָּאר (bár)

→ Hungarian: bár (also via German)

→ Icelandic: bar m

→ Irish: beár m

→ Italian: bar m

→ Japanese: バー (bā)

→ Khmer: បារ (baa)

→ Korean: 바 (ba)

→ Lithuanian: bãras m

→ Macedonian: бар m (bar)

→ Malagasy: ba

→ Mandarin: 吧 (bā)

→ Norwegian:

Bokmål: bar m

Nynorsk: bar m

→ Persian: بار (bâr)

→ Polish: bar m

→ Portuguese: bar m

→ Russian: бар m (bar)

→ Serbo-Croatian: ба̑р m, bȃr m

→ Slovene: bȃr m

→ Spanish: bar m

→ Swahili: baa

→ Swedish: bar c (see there for further descendants)

→ Thai: บาร์ (baa)

→ Turkish: bar

→ Xhosa: íbhári

→ Zulu: ibha

From Middle English barre, from Old French barre (“beam, bar, gate, barrier”), from Vulgar Latin *barra, of uncertain origin. Doublet of barre.

der

coffee bar; juice bar

(by extension, in combination) Premises or a counter serving any type of beverage.


lock

Tok Pisin: lok

→ Hawaiian: laka

From Middle English lok, from Old English loc, from Proto-West Germanic *lok, from Proto-Germanic *luką from Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“to bend; turn”). The verb is from Middle English locken, lokken, louken, from Old English lūcan, Proto-West Germanic *lūkan, from Proto-Germanic *lūkaną. Related to luxe via Latin.

[T]he application must first acquire a lock on a file or a portion of a file before reading data and modifying it.

2005, Karl Kopper, The Linux Enterprise Cluster

(computing, by extension) A mutex or other token restricting access to a resource.


pale

From Middle English pale, pal, borrowed from Old French pal, from Latin pālus (“stake, prop”). English inherited the word pole (or, rather Old English pāl) from a much older Proto-Germanic borrowing of the same Latin word.
Doublet of peel and pole.

But let my due feet never fail, / To walk the ſtudious cloyſters pale, / And love the high embowed roof, / With antic pillars maſſy proof, / And ſtoried windows richly dight, / Caſting a dim religious light.

1645, John Milton, Il Penseroso, in The Poetical Works of Milton, volume II, Edinburgh: Sands, Murray, and Cochran, published 1755, p. 151, lines 155–160

Men so situated, beyond the pale of the honor and the law, are not to be trusted.

1900, Jack London, The Son of the Wolf:The Wisdom of the Trail

All things considered, we advise the male reader to keep his desires in check till he is at least twenty-five, and the female not to enter the pale of wedlock until she has attained the age of twenty.

1919, B. G. Jefferis, J. L. Nichols, Searchlights on Health:When and Whom to Marry

(by extension) Limits, bounds (especially before of).


phenomenon

en-noun

phenomenon (plural phenomena or (nonstandard) phenomenons or phenomenon)

phenomena (plural)
phenomenons (nonstandard plural)
phenomenon (plural)

noumenon

experienced object structured by the mind

From Late Latin phaenomenon (“appearance”), from Ancient Greek φαινόμενον (phainómenon, “thing appearing to view”), neuter present middle participle of φαίνω (phaínō, “I show”).

der

An electromagnetic phenomenon.

(by extension) A knowable thing or event (eg by inference, especially in science)


cyclone

Coined by Henry Piddington, probably in the 1840s, and based on some term in Ancient Greek. Sources disagree on the date and on which Ancient Greek term, though it had to be something derived from either κύκλος (kúklos, “circle, wheel”) or κυκλόω (kuklóō, “go around in a circle, form a circle, encircle”), for example the present active participle κυκλῶν (kuklôn). See cycle and wheel.

atmospheric pressure
atmospheric pressure

(broadly) Any weather phenomenon consisting of a system of winds rotating around a centre of low atmospheric pressure.


thesis

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Johann Gottlieb Fichte

From Late Middle English thesis (“lowering of the voice”) and also borrowed directly from its etymon Latin thesis (“proposition, thesis; lowering of the voice”), from Ancient Greek θέσῐς (thésis, “arrangement, placement, setting; conclusion, position, thesis; lowering of the voice”), from τῐ́θημῐ (títhēmi, “to place, put, set; to put down in writing; to consider as, regard”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to do; to place, put”)) + -σῐς (-sis, suffix forming abstract nouns or nouns of action, process, or result). The English word is a doublet of deed.
Sense 1.1 (“proposition or statement supported by arguments”) is adopted from antithesis. Sense 1.4 (“initial stage of reasoning”) was first used by the German philosopher Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762–1814), and later applied to the dialectical method of his countryman, the philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831).
The plural form theses is borrowed from Latin thesēs, from Ancient Greek θέσεις (théseis).

der

Senses relating to logic, rhetoric, etc.

(by extension) A lengthy essay written to establish the validity of a thesis (sense 1.1), especially one submitted in order to complete the requirements for a non-doctoral degree in the US and a doctoral degree in the UK; a dissertation.

أُطْرُوحَة

lengthy essay written to establish the validity of a thesis, especially one submitted as a requirement for a university degree


tarantula

en-noun

tarantula (plural tarantulas or tarantulae)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-tarantula.wav

From Medieval Latin tarantula, from Old Italian tarantola, from Taranto (“seaport in southern Italy”), from Latin Tarentum (“Latin name of the town”), from Ancient Greek Τάρᾱς (Tárās, “Greek name of the town”) (compare Modern Greek Τάραντας (Tárantas) and Tarantino Tarde). probably from Illyrian *darandos (“oak”).
Sense 3 (“Lycosa tarantula”) is the original sense of the word, and refers to the fact that the spider was common in the Apulia region where Taranto is located. Sense 1 (“New World spider in the family Theraphosidae”), the main modern sense of the word, may have been a transferred use of Spanish tarántula (“tarantula (Lycosa tarantula)”) to describe large, hairy spiders found in the New World.

cog

The small funnel-web tarantulas are sedentary but notable for their aggressiveness and the strong action of their venom on human beings. A. robustus and formidabilis have caused human deaths.

1971, Wolfgang Bücherl, “Spiders”, in Wolfgang Bücherl, Eleanor E[vans] Buckley, editors, Venomous Animals and Their Venoms, volume III (Venomous Invertebrates), New York, N.Y., London: Academic Press, section IV (Description, Distribution, and Biology of Dangerous Species), page 225

tergites: dorsal sclerites on the body; the hard plates on the abdomen of the atypical tarantulas that indicate segmentation

2009, “Glossary”, in P. A. Sebastian, K. V. Peter, editors, Spiders of India, Himayatnagar, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh: Universities Press (India), page 428

The name "tarantula" is also mistakenly applied to other large-bodied spiders, and the "dwarf tarantulas". Both are classified in different families. Huntsman spiders of the family have also been termed "tarantulas" because of their large size.

2016 March 29, Josephine-De-France, “The Vicious”, in And Then There Are Bitches, Bloomington, Ind.: AuthorHouse

(by extension) A member of certain other groups of spiders, generally characterized by large size, hairiness, or membership of infraorder Mygalomorphae to which Theraphosidae family also belongs.


cyberspace

en-noun

cyberspace (countable and uncountable, plural cyberspaces)

Blend of cybernetics + space, equivalent to cyber- + space, coined by American-Canadian speculative fiction writer William Gibson in his 1982 short story collection Burning Chrome and popularized in his 1984 novel Neuromancer.

coin

Meanwhile, the pioneers of the computer-mediated communication networks collectively referred to as cyberspace are not willing to wait. Employing whatever tools they can find, they are constantly pushing the techno-cultural envelope. Life in cyberspace is often conducted in primitive, frontier conditions, but it is a life which, at its best, is more egalitarian than elitist, and more decentralized than hierarchical.

1993 March, Mitch Kapor, “Where Is the Digital Highway Really Heading?”, in Wired Magazine

However, some have accused cyberspace of provoking a dangerous collapse in the old order of civilised society. The shift in the balance of power online has given rise to a more powerful concern: the rise of the uncivil web.

2012 April 19, Josh Halliday, “Free speech haven or lawless cesspool – can the internet be civilised?”, in The Guardian

“We call on all states, including China, to uphold their international commitments and obligations and to act responsibly in the international system, including in cyberspace,” according to a statement from NATO.

2021 July 19, Zolan Kanno-Youngs, David E. Sanger, quoting NATO, “U.S. Formally Accuses China of Hacking Microsoft”, in The New York Times, →ISSN

(by extension, somewhat dated) The Internet as a whole.


pool

→ German: Pool

→ Japanese: プール (pūru)

→ Swedish: pool c

From Middle English pool, pole, pol, from Old English pōl (“pool”), from Proto-West Germanic pōl, from Proto-Germanic *pōlaz (“pool, pond”), from Proto-Indo-European *bōlos (“bog, marsh”). Cognate with Scots puil (“pool”), Saterland Frisian Pol (“pool”), West Frisian poel (“pool”), Dutch poel (“pool”), German Low German Pohl, Pool, Pul (“pool”), German Pfuhl (“quagmire, mudhole”), Danish pøl (“puddle”), Swedish pöl (“puddle, pool”), Icelandic pollur (“puddle”), Lithuanian bala (“bog, marsh, swamp, pool”), Latvian bala (“a muddly, treeless depression”), Russian боло́то (bolóto, “swamp, bog, marsh”).

cog

pull (accents with FOOT-GOOSE merger or full-fool merger)

(by extension, computing) A set of resources that are kept ready to use.

varanto

computing: set of resources kept ready to use


lip

en-noun

lip (countable and uncountable, plural lips)

From Middle English lippe, from Old English lippa, lippe (“lip”), from Proto-West Germanic *lippjō (“lip”), from Proto-Germanic *lepô, from Proto-Indo-European *leb- (“to hang loosely, droop, sag”).
Cognate with West Frisian lippe (“lip”), Dutch lip (“lip”), German Lippe and Lefze (“lip”), Swedish läpp (“lip”), Norwegian leppe (“lip”),
Danish læbe (“lip”),
Latin labium (“lip”).

der

there's many a slip between the cup and the lip

there's many a slip twixt the cup and the lip

The cork sails over the garden wall and lands somewhere no one can see it. A crest of white spills over the lip of the bottle and Niall pours the wine into Elaine's glass.

2018, Sally Rooney, “Six Months Later (July 2013)”, in Normal People

(by extension, countable) The projecting rim of an open container or a bell, etc.; a short open spout.


method

en-verb

method (third-person singular simple present methods, present participle methoding, simple past and past participle methoded)

methods (present singular third-person)
methoding (participle present)
methoded (participle past)
methoded (past)

From Middle French methode, from Latin methodus, from Ancient Greek μέθοδος (méthodos).

The company employs extensive use of 3D modelling combined with solidification simulation to ensure that critical castings are properly methoded.

(casting, by extension, transitive) To apply particular treatment methods to (a mold).


pirate

→ Niuean: pairēti

From Old French pirate, from Latin pīrāta, from Ancient Greek πειρατής (peiratḗs), from πεῖρα (peîra, “trial, attempt, plot”). Displaced native Old English wīċing, which was the word for both "pirate" and "viking".

And Gnutella, Freenet and other pirate tools will offer plunderings beyond Fanning's fantasies.

2001, unidentified insider, quoted in John Alderman, Sonic Boom: Napster, MP3, and the New Pioneers of Music, Da Capo Press, page 178

They had watches that said Gucci or Rolex on them even though it was obvious they'd come straight here from some pirate factory in China.

If we untangle the claim that technology has turned Johnny Teenager into a pirate, what turns out to be fueling it is the idea that if Johnny Teenager were to share his unauthorized copy with two million of his closest friends the effect on a record company would be pretty similar to the effect of some CD factory's creating two million CDs and selling them cheap.

2008, Martha Vicinus, Caroline Eisner, Originality, Imitation, and Plagiarism: Teaching Writing in the Digital Age, page 21

intellectual property
intellectual property

(by extension) One who breaks intellectual property laws by reproducing protected works without permission.

плагиат

one who breaks intellectual property laws


crust

en-noun

crust (countable and uncountable, plural crusts)

From Middle English cruste, from Anglo-Norman and Old French cruste, from Latin crusta (“hard outer covering”), from Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”), from *krews- (“to form a crust, begin to freeze”), related to Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”), Old English hruse (“earth”), Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”), Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”), Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”), κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal, ice”), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”), Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”).

cog

(astronomy, by extension) The outermost layer of any terrestrial planet.


felon

The adjective is derived from Middle English feloun, felun (“base, wicked; hostile; of an animal: dangerous; of words: angry, harsh, slanderous; of things: dangerous, deadly; false, fraudulent; unlucky”) [and other forms], from Old French felon (“bad, evil, immoral”) (compare fel (“evil; despicable, vile”)), from Early Medieval Latin fellōnem; further etymology uncertain.
Doublet of fell (“of a strong and cruel nature; fierce; grim; ruthless, savage”).
Sense 3 (“obtained through a felony”) is derived from the noun.
The noun is derived from Middle English feloun, felun (“criminal, specifically one who has committed a felony, felon; cruel, hostile, violent, etc., person; deceiver; evildoer, monster, sinner; traitor; bold or fierce warrior; deceit, falseness; wickedness, wrongdoing; treachery”) [and other forms], from feloun, felun (adjective): see above.
cognates
* Catalan felló (adjective)
* French félon (adjective, noun)
* Italian fellone (adjective, noun)
* Occitan felon, felhon, fellon (adjective)
* Spanish fellon (adjective, noun)

nb...

feleyn, felon, felone, feloune, felune, felown, felowne

(by extension) Of a place: harsh, savage, wild; of a thing: deadly; harmful.


dreadnought

Named after HMS Dreadnought, the first battleship finished of this type, itself named for Etymology 2.

(by extension) One that is the largest or the most powerful of its kind.

(music) A type of acoustic guitar with a very large body and a waist that is less pronounced than on other guitar shapes, producing a deep, bold sound.

"Much obliged to you, ma'am!" says Mr. Guppy, divesting himself of his wet dreadnought in the hall.

1853, Charles Dickens, chapter 7, in Bleak House

A garment made of thick woollen cloth that can defend against storm and cold.

Herbert steering the dreadnought limousine through the night, black cap on his black head.

1963, J P Donleavy, A Singular Man, published 1963 (USA), page 278


special

en-adj

special (comparative more special or specialer, superlative most special or specialest)

more special (comparative)
specialer (comparative)
most special (superlative)
specialest (superlative)

common

antonym(s) of “distinguished by a unique or unusual quality”

From Middle English *special, especial, especiall, from Old French especial (whence also French spécial), from Latin speciālis (from speciēs). In this sense displaced native Old English synderlīċ. Doublet of especial.

מיוחד \ מְיֻחָד

of or related to disabilities, especially learning or intellectual disabilities

What do you mean, you don't understand the sign? What are you, special?

intellectual disabilities
intellectual disability

(euphemistic) Of or related to disabilities, especially learning or intellectual disabilities.

(by extension, derogatory, often offensive) Stupid, lacking intelligence.


identification

en-noun

identification (countable and uncountable, plural identifications)

/ɪˌdɛntɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

identifikasie

act of identifying, or proving to be the same

Much education and experience is required for proper identification of bird species.

en:the act, combined with authentication

(broadly, often) The combination of identifying (which one, which thing) and validating the identity (proving or confirming it); identifying and authenticating viewed as a unitary concept in cognition.

määrittäminen

combination of identifying and validating the identity


anaconda

/ˌænəˈkɒndə/

From New Latin anacandaia (“python”) [originally referring to a species of constrictor found in Sri Lanka, from Sinhalese හෙනකඳයා (henakaⁿdayā, “whip snake”), from හෙන (hena, “lightning, thunderbolt”) + කඳ (kaⁿda, “stem, trunk, body”) or from Tamil ஆனைக்கொன்றான் (āṉaikkoṉṟāṉ, “having killed an elephant”), from ஆனை (āṉai, “elephant”) + கொன்றான் (koṉṟāṉ, “having killed”).

der

ஆனைக்கொன்றான்

My anaconda don't want none / Unless you got buns, hon

1992, Sir Mix-a-Lot, "Baby Got Back", Mack Daddy

Womack went into the bedroom and checked on his two boys. When I headed to the bathroom to drain my anaconda, I caught a profile of him standing in the doorway, smiling down on the little rascals.

2000, Eric Jerome Dickey, Liar's Game, Signet, published 2002

I have chased after white women to find they only wanted to dance with my anaconda and weren't interested in me as a partner.

2006, Christopher Darrick Odom, Visa Versa: Black Men Suffer in the Dating Game Too!, iUniverse, page xi

(by extension, slang, vulgar) A large penis.


batman

Batman (military)
Edward Ardizzone
Imperial War Museum

From bat (“packsaddle”) + man. The element bat is from French bât, from Old French bast, from Late Latin bastum, possibly from Ancient Greek βαστάζειν (bastázein, “to bear, carry, lift”).

He became my retainer, my batman, the solution to my ever-growing need for an extra pair of hands.

Thank you to a special Carer, Thank you for being my nurse, My housemaid, and my cook, My batman and my chauffeur, And my eyes when I forget to look!

2012, Jeffery Hayton, Just One More Time, page 78

The Quease, as you will have read, thought this a huge cheek and, as is ever the case with her, was not slow to point it out. She further accused me of treating him as my batman.

2014, Andrew S Cowan, Estate Life, page 186

(by extension, informal) A personal assistant or supporter.


caiman

From Spanish caimán or Portuguese caimão, from Kari'na acayouman.

(loosely) A crocodilian of the subfamily Caimaninae, which includes the very large black caiman.


lion

head

lion (plural lions or lion, feminine lioness)

lions (plural)
lion (plural)
lioness (feminine)

→ Hawaiian: liona

→ Japanese: ライオン (raion)

→ Maia: laion

→ Tokelauan: leona

From Middle English lyoun, lion, leon, borrowed from Old French lion, from Latin leō, (accusative: leōnem), from Ancient Greek λέων (léōn), of unclear origin. Doublet of Leo, leu, lev, and Lyon. Displaced Old English lēo.

March comes in like a lion and goes out like a lamb

(by extension) Any of various extant and extinct big cats, especially the mountain lion.


centaur

From Latin centaurus, from Ancient Greek κένταυρος (kéntauros), from Κένταυρος (Kéntauros, “a member of a savage race from Thessaly”).

The first—termed “cyborgs” by the authors—intertwined with the AI, moulding, checking and refining its responses, while the second—“centaurs”—divided labour, handing off more AI-suited subtasks while focussing on their own areas of expertise.

2023 November 11, John Burn-Murdoch, “Generative AI and white-collar jobs: reasons to be wary”, in FT Weekend, The FT View, page 8

Programming has not yet gone the way of chess. But the centaurs have arrived. GPT-4 on its own is, for the moment, a worse programmer than I am. Ben is much worse. But Ben plus GPT-4 is a dangerous thing.

2023 November 13, James Somers, “A Coder Considers the Waning Days of the Craft”, in The New Yorker, →ISSN

artificial intelligence
artificial intelligence

(by extension, artificial intelligence) A human and an AI who work together.


raw

From Middle English rawe, raw, rau, from Old English hrēaw (“raw, uncooked”), from Proto-West Germanic *hrau, from Proto-Germanic *hrawaz, *hrēwaz (“raw”), from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂- (“raw meat, fresh blood”).
Cognate with Scots raw (“raw”), Dutch rauw (“raw”), German roh (“raw”), Swedish rå (“raw”), Icelandic hrár (“raw”), Latin crūdus (“raw, bloody, uncooked”), Irish cró (“blood”), Lithuanian kraujas (“blood”), Russian кровь (krovʹ, “blood”). Related also to Old English hrēow, hrēoh (“rough, fierce, wild, angry, disturbed, troubled, sad, stormy, tempestuous”). More at ree.

der

In a moment Tom was angry. The women saw that Bill had touched him upon the raw, and they went out of the room to prepare a meal.

(by extension, figurative) A point about which a person is particularly sensitive.


skid

From Middle English *skid, from Old Norse skíð (“a billet of wood, a beam or plank on which something rests”), from Proto-Germanic *skīdą (“log, clapboard”), from Proto-Indo-European *skey-t-, *skey- (“to split, divide, separate”). Cognate with English shide, from Middle English schyd, schyde, schide (“plank, beam”), German Scheit (“piece of wood, log”). Doublet of ski.

inh

(by extension) A hook attached to a chain, used for the same purpose.


carrier

но́сьбіт

And each was hideously powerful: an attack carrier could destroy a world, a force of cruisers and spinship destroyers could destroy a sun.

1990, Dan Simmons, The Fall of Hyperion, 1st edition, New York: Doubleday, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 114

The first carrier completely ignored us, sir! Blew through the Malta’s debris field and headed straight for Earth!

2004 November 9, Bungie, Halo 2, spoken by Cortana (Jen Taylor), Microsoft Game Studios, Xbox, level/area: Cairo Station

In fleet combat, carriers stay clear of battle, launching fighters bearing disruptor torpedoes. Fighters are the primary striking power of the ship; if a carrier enters mass accelerator range of the enemy, things have gone very wrong.
It is possible to recover and rearm fighters during combat, though most carriers seal the flight deck and try to stay out of the way. The flight deck is essentially a corridor through the armor and into the heart of the vessel. A single well-placed torpedo is enough to gut a carrier.
Alliance carriers are named after great leaders, artists, and intellectuals from human history.

2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Starships: Carriers Codex entry

aircraft carrier
aircraft carrier#English

A person or object that carries someone or something else.

(science fiction, by extension) A starship designed to carry starfighters


smith

From Middle English smyth, smith, from Old English smiþ, from Proto-Germanic *smiþaz, from Proto-Indo-European *smēy-, *smī- (“to cut, hew”). Cognate with Dutch smid, German Schmied, German Low German Smitt, Danish smed, Faroese smiður, Icelandic smiður, Norwegian Bokmål smed, Norwegian Nynorsk smed, Swedish smed, Yiddish שמיד (shmid).

(by extension) One who makes anything; wright.


bray

en-verb

bray (third-person singular simple present brays, present participle braying, simple past and past participle brayed)

brays (present singular third-person)
braying (participle present)
brayed (participle past)
brayed (past)

table
The verb is derived from Middle English brayen, brai, bray, braye (“of a person or animal: to vocalize loudly; of the weather: to make a loud sound, howl, roar”), from Old French brai, braire (“of an animal: to bray; of a person: to cry or shout out”) (modern French braire (“of an animal: to bray; of a person: to shout; to cry, weep”)), possibly from Vulgar Latin *bragiō, from Gaulish *bragu (compare Breton breugiñ (“to bray”), brammañ (“to flatulate”), Cornish bramma, brabma (“to flatulate”), Old Irish braigid (“to flatulate”)), from Proto-Celtic *brageti, *bragyeti (“to flatulate”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreHg- (“to flatulate; to stink”); cognate with Latin fragrō (“to smell”). Alternatively, the word could be from a Germanic source, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”), and cognate with frangere (“to break, shatter”).
The noun is derived from the verb, or from Middle English brai, brait (“shriek; outcry”), from Old French brai, brait (“a cry”), from braire (“of an animal: to bray; of a person: to shout; to cry, weep”); see above.

der

He threw back his head and brayed with laughter.

Heard ye the din of battle bray, / Lance to lance, and horſe to horſe? / Long Years of havock urge their deſtined courſe, / And thro' the kindred ſquadrons mow their way.

1757 August 8, [Thomas] Gray, “The Bard. A Pindaric Ode.”, in Poems by Mr. Gray, London: Printed for J[ames] Dodsley, […], published 1768, →OCLC, stanza II.3, page 64

"But, Jack, it's all so circumstantial—you said so yourself," Brammel brayed, never stronger than when demonstrating that two positives made a negative.

1986, John le Carré [pseudonym; David John Moore Cornwell], A Perfect Spy, London: Hodder & Stoughton; 1st Pocket Books trade paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: Pocket Books, January 2003, page 400

(intransitive, by extension) To make a harsh, discordant sound like a donkey's bray.

kreischen wie ein Esel

to make a harsh, discordant sound like a donkey's bray


bray

It seems a very nest—warm and snug, and green—for human life; with the twilight haze of time about it, almost consecrating it from the aching hopes and feverish expectations of the present. Who would think that the bray and roar of multitudinous London sounded but some sixty miles away?

1843, [Douglas William Jerrold], “A Gossip at the Reculvers [from The Chronicles of Clovernook]”, in Douglas [William] Jerrold, editor, The Illuminated Magazine, volume I, London: Published for the proprietors, […], →OCLC, page 143, column 2

[...] Mr. [Edmund] Gosse's blank verse is sweet and varied, and full mostly of a graceful melody. If it has not the trumpet's power, neither has it the trumpet's bray, but rather a flute-like tone of its own.

1876 April, “Gosse’s King Erik: King Erik. By Edmund W. Gosse. London: Chatto and Windus. 1876. [book review]”, in The London Quarterly Review, volume XLVI, number XCI, London: Published for the proprietors, at the Wesleyan Conference Office, […], →OCLC, page 257

At full volume, Doreen's whinnying laugh could shatter glass. Even at half volume, her high-pitched brays rattled teeth.

2005, Merline Lovelace, The Last Bullet (Cleo North Trilogy; 3), Ontario: Mira Books, page 15

(by extension) Any discordant, grating, or harsh sound.


bray

table
From Middle English brayen (“to break or crush into pieces”), from Anglo-Norman breier, Old French breie, breier, broiier (modern French broyer (“to crush, grind”)), possibly from Frankish *brekan (“to break”), from Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (“to break”); thus making the English word a doublet of break.

der

If anything he brayed him all the harder – the old family bull recognising his fighting days were close to over.

2011, Sarah Hall, “Butcher’s Perfume”, in The Beautiful Indifference, London: Faber and Faber, page 25

(transitive, British, chiefly Yorkshire, by extension) To hit (someone or something).


bead

From Middle English bede (“a prayer”), also “a bead for counting prayers” in a peire of bedes (literally “a pair of beads”), from Old English bedu, bed, ġebed (“a request, entreaty, prayer”), from Proto-West Germanic *bedu, *bed, *gabed, from Proto-Germanic *bedō, *bedą.
Cognate with Dutch gebed and bede, German Gebet.

We now have a bead on the main technical issues for the project

A small, round ball at the end of a barrel of a gun used for aiming.

(by extension) Knowledge sufficient to direct one's activities to a purpose.


muzzle

From earlier muzle, musle, mousle, mussel, mozell, from Middle English mosel, from Old French musel, museau, muzeau (modern French museau), from Late Latin mūsus (“snout”), probably expressive of the shape of protruded lips and/or influenced by Latin mūgīre (“to moo, bellow”). Doublet of museau. Displaced native Middle English kevel from Old English cæfl (“gag, bit, muzzle”), see English cavel.

onomatopoeic

expressive

(slang, derogatory, by extension) A person's mouth.


light bulb

From light + bulb First attested in 1885.

a fluorescent light bulb

an LED light bulb

(by extension) An article that resembles such a bulb and converts electricity to light by any process.

peer

resembling article that converts electricity to light


pie-eyed

en-adj

pie-eyed (comparative more pie-eyed, superlative most pie-eyed)

more pie-eyed (comparative)
most pie-eyed (superlative)

From pie (“type of pastry consisting of an outer crust and a filling”) + eyed, a hyperbole suggesting that a person’s eyes are open so wide that they are as large as pies.

"He's just pie-eyed," said Dart quietly. "God knows how much straight alcohol he's had. Better come over here, Andy."

1950, Anya Seton [pseudonym; Anya Seton Chase], Foxfire, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin; republished Boston, Mass.: Mariner Books, 2015, page 246

I sat there, getting more and more pie-eyed, without anyone noticing, as far as I could judge, since the sole manifestation of my drunkenness was that my tongue was looser than usual.

2015, Karl Ove Knausgaard, translated by Don Bartlett, Dancing in the Dark … Translated from the Norwegian (My Struggle; 4), London: Vintage, page 280

No, nothing happened. You were so pie-eyed drunk you were incapable of doing anything whatsoever.

2016, Marissa St. James, chapter 5, in Fool’s Gold (McKinley Jewels; 2), White Bear Lake, Minn.: Melange Books, page 48

It is Boxing Day in a football ground, and all we can do is sprawl over the plastic, hurling instructions and vague encouragement. The seat is an extension of the sofa, the match another Pick of the Day in the Radio Times. Some are wearing Santa hats, some have been drinking only six or seven hours after last stopping, guzzling away, topping up their levels to reach pie-eyed delirium.

2016 December 18, Daniel Gray, “Boxing Day football: Game and Christmas collide to make us all excitable children”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-03-26; extracted from Saturday, 3pm: 50 Eternal Delights of Modern Football, London: Bloomsbury, 2016

(informal, by extension) (Extremely) drunk or intoxicated.


workout

After the camera pans around and we welcome back a lot of familiar faces (Edmure Tully! Yara Greyjoy! Brienne!), the themes of opposition to fate, emotional appeals, and ethical duty get an even better workout.

2019 May 19, Alex McLevy, “The final Game Of Thrones brings a pensive but simple meditation about stories (newbies)”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 2019-05-22

Cynthia's phone got a workout, as well. In approximately three days since the news had hit the street, a total of five bridal showers had been booked, not to mention a luncheon at Esther Cunningham's and tea at Olivia Harper's.

2001, Jan Karon, A Common Life: The Wedding Story, page 41

(by extension) Any activity that requires much physical or mental effort, or produces strain.


mincemeat

en-noun

mincemeat (countable and uncountable, plural mincemeats)

No one was to be spared in this frightful slaughter. The American 34th, 36th Texas, lst Armored, the British, the New Zealanders, the Indians, the Poles and the French, under the brilliant General Juin; all were to be ground to mincemeat by futile attacks against this fortress.

2003, Theresa Deane, 500 Days of Front Line Combat: The WWII Memoir of Ralph B. Schaps

"He said his client had been receiving death threats and he was quite paranoid. "His exact words were: 'I think he's mincemeat by now'."

2007 January 18, “Solicitor thought client was 'mincemeat'”, in The Age

For the common man in the sixteenth century, a calendar which paced not just the seasons but also the life of Christ would have to be divinely inspired. It would capture his heart and his mind. Pope Gregory's four hundred-year-one would become mincemeat.

Happily for the Lakers, who were mincemeat without him, Nash is back in the nick of time, with the Knicks, who walked all over them in New York two weeks ago, in town for a Christmas Day game.

2012 December 24, Mark Heisler, “After Looking East to the Knicks, Nash Cut West to the Lakers”, in New York Times

(by extension) Something or someone utterly destroyed.


swig

Unknown, mid 16th c. Perhaps connected with Old English swelgan (“to swallow”).

take a swig of whisky

Next, he opens up the cupboard over the sink and slams that shut too, only to open another cabinet door that houses what he's looking for, a glass. He pours it full of OJ and takes a huge swig, swallows, and repeats.

2014, Michael Griffo, Starfall (The Darkborn Legacy), New York, NY: Kensington Publishing Corporation, page 26

(by extension) A long draught from a drink.


incubus

From Late Latin incubus, from Latin incubō (“nightmare, one who lies down on the sleeper”), from incubō (“to lie upon, to hatch”, from in- (“on”) + cubō (“to lie down”)).

der

Again he felt the impulse of flight: but his body was a dry dead incubus that refused to obey his volition.

August 1935, Clark Ashton Smith, Weird Tales, "The Treader of the Dust"

Ahead of us the lowering smoke-screen of Leeds and her gloomy satellites hung like an incubus over the land.

1949 March and April, F. G. Roe, “I Saw Three Englands–2”, in Railway Magazine, page 82

Notions of civic virtue were at that moment changing, in ways which would make of Louis's alleged vices an incubus on the back of the monarchy.

2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin, published 2003, pages 132–3

(by extension) Any oppressive thing or person; a burden.


exoteric

en-adj

exoteric (comparative more exoteric, superlative most exoteric)

more exoteric (comparative)
most exoteric (superlative)

/ˌɛksə(ʊ)ˈtɛɹɪk/

/ˌɛksəˈtɛɹɪk/

PIE word
 *h₁eǵʰs
The adjective is a learned borrowing from Late Latin exōtericus + English -ic (suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘of or pertaining to’). Exōtericus is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐξωτερῐκός (exōterikós, “exterior, external, outside”, adjective), from ἐξωτέρω (exōtérō, “more exterior”) (the comparative form of ἔξω (éxō, “external, outer”) (ultimately from ἐκ (ek, “beyond; outside”, preposition), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs (“out”)) + -τέρω (-térō) (an inflected form of -τερος (-teros, suffix forming comparative forms)) + -ῐκός (-ikós, suffix forming adjectives).
The noun is derived from the adjective.

общодостъпен

of a doctrine, information, etc.: suitable to be imparted to the public without secrecy or other reservations

Of a doctrine, information, etc.: suitable to be imparted to the public without secrecy or other reservations.

(by extension) Of a person: not part of an enlightened inner circle; not privy to esoteric knowledge.

eksoteerinen

of a person: not part of an enlightened inner circle; not privy to esoteric knowledge


tabernacle

From Middle English tabernacle (14th century), from Old French tabernacle, from Latin tabernāculum (“tent, booth, shed”), the diminutive of taberna (“hut, shed”).

(by extension) The Jewish Temple at Jerusalem (as continuing the functions of the earlier tabernacle).

(by extension) Any house of worship, especially a Mormon meetinghouse.


buck

From Middle English bukke, bucke, buc, from Old English buc, bucc, bucca (“he-goat, stag”), from Proto-West Germanic *bukk, *bukkō, from Proto-Germanic *bukkaz, *bukkô (“buck”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuǵ- (“ram”). Doublet of puck (billy goat).
Currency-related senses hail from American English, a clipping of buckskin as a unit of trade among Indians and Europeans in frontier days (attested from 1748).
The idea of rigidly standing implements is instilled by Dutch bok (“sawhorse”) as in zaagbok (“sawbuck”).
The sense of an object indicating someone’s turn then occurred in American English, possibly originating from the game poker, where a knife (typically with a hilt made from a stag horn) was used as a place-marker to signify whose turn it was to deal. The place-marker was commonly referred to as a buck, which reinforced the term “pass the buck” used in poker, and eventually a silver dollar was used in place of a knife, which also led to a dollar being referred to as a buck.

Corporations will do anything to make a buck.

It's all about bucks, kid. The rest is conversation.

1987, Oliver Stone, Wall Street (motion picture), spoken by Gordon Gekko (Michael Douglas)

(by extension, Australia, South Africa, US, informal) Money.

pass the buck

the buck stops here

An implement the body of which is likened to a male sheep’s body due maintaining a stiff-legged position as if by stubbornness.

(dated) An object of various types, placed on a table to indicate turn or status; such as a brass object, placed in rotation on a US Navy wardroom dining table to indicate which officer is to be served first, or an item passed around a poker table indicating the dealer or placed in the pot to remind the winner of some privilege or obligation when his or her turn to deal next comes.

(by extension in the US, in certain metaphors or phrases) Blame; responsibility; scapegoating; finger-pointing.

musta pekka

metaphorically: blame, responsibility, scapegoating, finger-pointing


buck

en-verb

buck (third-person singular simple present bucks, present participle bucking, simple past and past participle bucked)

bucks (present singular third-person)
bucking (participle present)
bucked (participle past)
bucked (past)

From dialectal buck ("to give in, yield"; also bug (“to bend”)), from Middle Low German bucken (“to bend”) or Middle Dutch bucken, bocken (“to bend”), intensive forms of Old Saxon būgan and Old Dutch *būgan (“to bend, bow”), both from Proto-West Germanic *beugan, from Proto-Germanic *būganą (“to bend”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰūgʰ- (“to bend”). Influenced in some senses by buck “male goat” (see above). Sense “to meet, to encounter” is a semantic loan from Jamaican Creole buck.
Compare bow and elbow.

gl

"to give in, yield"; also <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">bug</i> (“to bend”)

The vice president bucked at the board’s latest solution.

(intransitive, by extension) To resist obstinately; oppose or object strongly.

vikuroida

to resist obstinately; oppose or object strongly

The motor bucked and sputtered before dying completely.

(intransitive, by extension) To move or operate in a sharp, jerking, or uneven manner.

The plane bucked a strong headwind.

Our managers have to learn to buck the trend and do the right thing for their employees.

John is really bucking the odds on that risky business venture. He's doing quite well.

I spoke to him in London recently and suggested he was bucking an age-old system. Surely popular performers studied the possible reactions of their audience in advance when deciding on a new approach?

1977 November 20, Dave Gelly, “No more Ziggy as David Bowie becomes his own man”, in The Observer

1977-1980, Lou Sullivan, personal diary, quoted in 2019, Ellis Martin, Zach Ozma (editors), We Both Laughed In Pleasure
[I] Asked if he wanted to go to a punk rock concert Saturday & he had another engagement but he would buck it because it sure sounded much more fun going with me.

(transitive, by extension) To overcome or shed (e.g., an impediment or expectation), in pursuit of a goal; to force a way through despite (an obstacle); to resist or proceed against.


ATM

en-noun

ATM (countable and uncountable, plural ATMs)

Too often California is relegated to serving as the nation’s political ATM.

2007, Alex Padilla, (Please provide the book title or journal name)

(slang, by extension) Any source of a large amount of money.


varnish

varnish (countable and uncountable, plural varnishes)

→ Japanese: ワニス (wanisu)

/ˈvɑː(ɹ)nɪʃ/

From Middle English vernisch, vernish, from Old French vernis, from Medieval Latin vernix, veronix, from Byzantine Greek Βερενίκη (Bereníkē, “Berenice”), a town in Cyrenaica, now called Benghazi.

der

(by extension) A deceptively showy appearance.


childhood

en-noun

childhood (countable and uncountable, plural childhoods)

From Middle English childhode, childhod, from Old English ċildhād (“childhood”), equivalent to child + -hood. Compare dialectal Dutch kindheid (“childishness”), German Low German Kinnerheid (“childhood”), and German Kindheit (“childhood”).

cog

(by extension) The early stages of development of something.


kitten

From Middle English kitoun, kytton, kyton, keton (“kitten”). Seemingly from, and usually explained as being from, unattested Anglo-Norman *kitoun, *ketun (compare Old French chitoun, cheton, chaton (“kitten”), diminutive of cat, chat (“cat”)); whence Modern French chaton (“kitten”). Similar words of Germanic origin may have reinforced this word; compare English kitling (“kit, kitten”), Low German Kitten (“kitten”), Icelandic kettlingur (“kitten”), Middle English chitte ("whelp, pup", see chit). The idea that kitoun, rather than being of Anglo-Norman origin, was in fact a purely Germanic derivation from one of these words is etymologically problematic, but cannot be definitively ruled out.

gloss

"whelp, pup", see <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">chit</i>

term of endearment
term of endearment#English

(colloquial) A term of endearment, especially for a woman.

(colloquial, by extension) A girlfriend.


dress

en-noun

dress (countable and uncountable, plural dresses)

→ Japanese: ドレス (doresu)

→ Korean: 드레스 (deureseu)

→ Norwegian: dress

→ Pennsylvania German: Dress

→ Scottish Gaelic: dreasa

PIE word
 *dwís
The verb is from Middle English dressen, dresse (“to arrange, put in order”), from Anglo-Norman, Old French dresser, drecier (modern French dresser), from Late Latin *directiare, from Latin dīrēctus, the perfect passive participle of dīrigō (“to arrange in lines, direct, steer”), from dis- (prefix meaning ‘apart; asunder; in two’) + regō (“to govern, manage”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“straight, right”). Doublet of direct.
The noun is derived from the verb.

der

The external covering of an animal (for example, the feathers of a bird) or an object.

The appearance of an object after it has undergone some process or treatment to fit or prepare it for use; finish.

(figuratively) The external appearance of something, especially if intended to give a positive impression; garb, guise.

(archaic, historical) The system of furrows on the face of a millstone.


rogue

en-adj

rogue (comparative more rogue, superlative most rogue)

more rogue (comparative)
most rogue (superlative)

Uncertain. From either:
* Earlier English roger (“a begging vagabond who pretends to be a poor scholar from Oxford or Cambridge”), possibly from Latin rogō (“I ask”).
* Middle French rogue (“arrogant, haughty”), from Old Northern French rogre (“aggressive”), from Old Norse hrokr (“excess, exuberance”), for which see Icelandic hroki (“arrogance”), though OED does not document this.
* Celtic; see Breton rog (“haughty”).

der

(by extension) Large, destructive and unpredictable.

In the minds of Republican hard-liners, the "Silent Majority" of Americans who had elected the President, and even Nixon's two Democrat predecessors, China was a gigantic nuke-wielding rogue state prepared to overrun the free world at any moment.

2004, Chris Wallace, Character: Profiles in Presidential Courage


sacrifice

en-noun

sacrifice (countable and uncountable, plural sacrifices)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *seh₂k-
Proto-Italic *sakros
Latin sacer
Latin sacrum
Proto-Italic *fakjō
Latin facio
Proto-Italic *-jōs
Old Latin -ios
Latin -ius
Latin -ium
Latin sacrificiumlbor.
Old French sacrifisebor.
Middle English sacrifice
English sacrifice
From Middle English sacrifice (“act of offering a life or object to a deity; the life or object so offered; (Christianity) act of consecrating the elements in the mass”), from Anglo-Norman sacrefiz, and Old French sacrifice, sacrifise (modern French sacrifice), from Latin sacrificium (“something offered to a deity, sacrifice”), from sacrum (“sacrifice, sacrificial rite”) + faciō (“to do, to make”) + -ium (suffix forming abstract nouns). The noun sacrum is the nominalized neuter of the adjective sacer (“devoted to a deity for sacrifice; holy, sacred”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂k- (“ceremony, ritual; to make sacred”), and the verb faciō is ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to do; to place, put”). Related Latin formations include sacrificus (“of or pertaining to sacrifice, sacrificial”) and sacrificō (“to make a sacrifice”).
cognates
* Italian sagrifizio
* Occitan sacrifici
* Portuguese sacrificio
* Spanish sacrificio

der

(by extension) The rite of Holy Communion or the Mass, regarded as (Protestantism) an offering of thanksgiving to God for Christ's crucifixion, or (Roman Catholicism) a perpetual re-enactment of Christ's sacrificial offering.


sacrifice

en-verb

sacrifice (third-person singular simple present sacrifices, present participle sacrificing, simple past and past participle sacrificed)

sacrifices (present singular third-person)
sacrificing (participle present)
sacrificed (participle past)
sacrificed (past)
sacrifice (infinitive)

From Middle English sacrificen (“to offer a sacrifice to a deity”), from sacrifice (see etymology 1) + -en (suffix forming infinitives of verbs).

flijoj

(transitive) to offer (a human being or an animal, or an object) to a deity; (transitive) to offer a human being or an animal, or an object, to a deity

Heaven chastises thee, Baharkan! Thou wast cruel, vindictive, and inexorable. With thee humanity had no value. Thou sacrificedst thy brethren on the slightest suspicion.

1812, “The Story of Baharkan, the Intemperate”, in Tales of the East: Comprising the Most Popular Romances of Oriental Origin; […], volume II, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne & Company] for John Ballantyne and Company, Sylvester Doig and Andrew Stirling; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, and Robert Scholey, →OCLC, page 133, column 2

To destroy or kill (a human being or an animal); specifically (sciences), to kill (an animal) for a scientific experiment or test.

surmata

Venison has many advantages over meat from factory farms, although it still requires a hunter to sacrifice the life of a deer.

From the pangs of grief thou shalt then be again released, / When thou sacrificest thine own affections, O my heart!

1862, Aḥmad Shāh Abdālī [i.e., Ahmad Shāh Durrānī], “[The Poems of Aḥmad Shāh, Abdālī.] [Poem] IX.”, in H[enry] G[eorge] Raverty, transl., Selections from the Poetry of the Afghāns, from the Sixteenth to the Nineteenth Century: […], London; Edinburgh: Williams and Norgate, […], →OCLC, page 301

To do the job thoroughly sentiment must be ignored and it seems inevitable that the famous Great Hall and the Doric Arch will have to be sacrificed to progress.

1960 February, R. C. Riley, “The London–Birmingham services—Past, Present and Future”, in Trains Illustrated, London: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 99

Don't you break my heart / 'Cause I sacrifice to make you happy.

1964 September 2, Holland-Dozier-Holland [Brian Holland; Lamont Dozier; Eddie Holland] (lyrics and music), “Baby Don’t You Do It”, performed by Marvin Gaye, Detroit, Mich.: Tamla, →OCLC

That is why God sacrificed His only begotten Son [Jesus]: so our incalculable debt of sin could be paid in full.

2008, Steven K. Scott, “The Greatest Words Ever Spoken about God Reaching Out to Us”, in The Greatest Words Ever Spoken: Everything Jesus Said about You, Your Life, and Everything Else, Colorado Springs, Colo.: WaterBrook Press, Random House, page 416

Tali: The Admiralty Board believed the information here was worth sacrificing all our lives for. I have to believe that they know what's best.

2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2, Redwood City, Calif.: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, P.C., scene: Haestrom

To destroy or surrender (something) for the sake of something else regarded as more urgent or valuable.

զոհաբերել

to destroy or surrender (something) for the sake of something else regarded as more urgent or valuable

(baseball) Of a batter: to advance (one or more runners on base) by batting the ball so it can be fielded, placing the batter out but with insufficient time to put the runner(s) out.

sacrificar-se

(baseball, transitive) of a batter: to advance (one or more runners on base) by batting the ball so it can be fielded; (intransitive) to bat the ball so that it can be fielded

A newspaper advertisement announces that "A professional gentleman is instructed to sacrifice Three young sound Horses at half their cost." We wonder what deity horses could be sacrificed to?

1850 March 30, “Sacrifice Extraordinary”, in Punch, or The London Charivari, volume XVIII, London: […] William Bradbury, […], and Frederick Mullett Evans, […], →OCLC, page 130, column 2

(business, slang, dated) To sell (something) at less than its value, thus incurring a monetary loss.

loovutama

(business) to sell (something) at less than its value, thus incurring a monetary loss

(chess) To intentionally allow (a piece) to be captured by the opponent in order to improve one's position in the game.

жертвам

(chess) to intentionally allow (a piece) to be captured by the opponent in order to improve one’s position in the game

(baseball) Of a batter: to bat the ball so that it can be fielded, placing the batter out but allowing one or more runners on base to advance.

(bridge) To make a bid of a contract which is unlikely to be fulfilled, in the hope that that the player will incur fewer penalty points than the points likely to be gained by opponents in making their contract.

uhrata

(bridge) to make a bid of a contract which is unlikely to be fulfilled

For what power but God's can make good the promise of tendering the Body and Blood of Christ, as a visible mean to convey His Spirit? And he that goes about to make this change by consecrating the eucharist, must needs be understood to acknowledge this power of God's; but this is not that acknowledgment, which sacrificing importeth, but that, which every act of religion implieth. He that sacrificeth, acknowledging that which he sacrificeth, with all that he hath, to [come from or belong to] God, to testify this acknowledgment, abandoneth that which he sacrificeth to be destroyed in testimony of it.

1659, Herbert Thorndike, “[An Epilogue to the Tragedy of the Church of England, […].] Chapter V. It Cannot be Proved by the Old Testament that the Eucharist is a Sacrifice. How by the New Testament it may be so Accounted. […].”, in The Theological Works of Herbert Thorndike, […] (Library of Anglo-Catholic Theology; 66), volume IV, Oxford, Oxfordshire: John Henry Parker, published 1852, →OCLC, book III (Of the Laws of the Church), page 113

(Christianity) To celebrate Holy Communion or Mass.

käydä ehtoollisella

(Christianity) to celebrate Holy Communion or Mass


interregnum

en-noun

interregnum (plural interregnums or interregna)

interregnums (plural)
interregna (plural)

/ˌɪntəɹˈɹɛɡnəm/

This was in that strange pause of the storm which is its most remarkable feature in the South—that singular interregnum of the winds, when, after giving repeated notice of their most terrific action, they seem almost to forget their purpose, and for a few moments appear to slumber in their inactivity.

1835, William Gilmore Simms, The Partisan, Harper, Chapter XIV, page 179

Between the end of the Fowler régime in 1931 and the advent of Stanier in 1932, there was a short interregnum during which Ernest Lemon was in charge, with Ernest Beames as his principal aide-de-camp.

1946 May and June, Cecil J. Allen, “British Locomotive Practice and Performance”, in Railway Magazine, page 146

(by extension) An intermission in any order of succession; any breach of continuity in action or influence.


canard

Borrowed from French canard (“duck, hoax”).
etymology note
The primary English meaning of canard comes from the Medieval French expression “vendre un canard à moitié”, which literally means “to sell half a duck” or “to half-sell a duck”. This was perhaps the punch line to a joke. Eventually the punch line came to stand for the joke and then finally the word alone stood for the whole concept. The story may perhaps have gone like this: A duck seller is successful and content as the only duck seller on a street, selling his ducks for eight francs each. A new duck seller moves in across the street who steals all the business by offering his ducks for seven francs each. Then a price war ensues, back and forth, until the new duck seller is down to three francs for a duck. The original duck seller is beside himself with worry and frustration, but finally he puts up a big sign that says, “Two francs” and then in small print at the bottom “for half a duck.” In this way, to half-sell ducks may have come to mean tricking people with something that is literally true but misleading. It has this same metaphorical meaning in French. Now in English, it simply means anything that is deliberately misleading, a hoax.

(aviation, by extension) A horizontal control and stabilization surface located in front of the main wing of an aircraft.

(transport, engineering, by extension) Any small winglike structure on a vehicle, usually used for stabilization.


receipt

receipt (countable and uncountable, plural receipts)

→ Swahili: resiti

→ Yoruba: rìsíìtì

From Middle English receipt, receyt, receite, recorded since c. 1386 as "statement of ingredients in a potion or medicine," from Anglo-Norman or Old Northern French receite (“receipt, recipe”) (1304), altered (by influence of receit (“he receives”), from Latin recipit) from Old French recete, from Latin receptus, perfect passive participle of recipiō, itself from re- (“back”) + capiō (“I take”). The unpronounced p was later inserted to make the word appear closer to its Latin root. Doublet of recept and recipe. False cognate of Persian رسید (resid) (whence Urdu رسید (rasīd)).

der

"Oh yes, the Internet trolls went there, and we've got the receipts".

2020 December 1, Lindsey Wisniewski, “Darius Slay's Wikipedia page edited to claim DK Metcalf as his father”, in NBC Sports

(Internet slang, usually in the plural, by extension) (A piece of) evidence (e.g. documentation or screen captures) of past wrongdoing.