ob-

ObGoth: Uh, well, it's like this you see, <searches in random file o' obgoth things> anyone out there got the new CoX album on Tess? If so which album is it *most* like?

1998, Haydn Black, “lesbian goths”, in alt.gothic (Usenet):

Aren't Newcastle's chairman Sunderland supporters? (From the way they acted?) Erm...obspeccy? Tynesoft, eh? What happened to them?

1998, Peter Thomas, “FAQ: more info request”, in comp.sys.sinclair (Usenet):

ObLinux: SAP were giving away a free development environment for use with RedHat v6.1 recently, a distinctly non-free complete system has been available for a while. This offers another example of a commercial application where the vendors now have sufficient confidence in Linux to release a port (even if it is distribution-specific).

2000, Dan Glover, “Introduction to Linux article for commentary”, in alt.linux (Usenet):

(Internet, informal, humorous) Obligatory; prepended to the name of a topic being mentioned to avoid accusations of being off-topic.


seleno-

seleno- + -centric → selenocentric


copro-

From Ancient Greek κόπρος (kópros, “excrement”).

uder

Treatises have been written on the glories of Slavic swearing and the difference between Russian (genitalia-focused) and Ukrainian (more copro-centric) swear words.

2022 March 2, Philippe Naughton, “A Guide to Ukraine’s Swear Words So You Can Follow the Viral Videos”, in The Daily Beast:


nitro-

From Ancient Greek νίτρον (nítron). See niter.


para-

From Ancient Greek παρα- (para-, “beside, next to”).

der

parallel
paraconformity (parallel conformity), paraxial (parallel to the axis)

parasite (feed beside), parallel (beside one another), paracapsular (alongside a capsule)

paracellular (between cells), paraconule (A conule located between a paracone and a metacone), paradiploid (intermediate between diploid and polyploid)

covering
paracolpitis ((outer) covering of inflamed vagina)

paracortex (surrounding the cortex), paradiapophysis (covering the diapophysis)

paracentral (adjacent to the center), paracaval (adjacent to the vena cava)

paranal (near the anus), parepididymis ((body part) near the epididymis), parethmoid (near the ethmoid bone)

paracavernous (On the far side of the cavernous sinus)

paraductal (above the duct), paracoronoid (above the coronoid process), paracondylar (over the condyle)

paracotylar ([extending] across the cotyle), paraesophageal (across the esophagus), paracloacal (through the cloaca), paracostal (through the ribs), paracerebral (throughout the brain)

paradox (beyond expectation), paranormal (beyond normal) paraclival (beyond the clivus)

paralgesia (abnormal sensitivity to pain)

paradiorthosis (false correction)

paramilitary (resembling a military), paramylum (resembling amylum (starch))

-ass

resembling; restricted to casual registers

-like

resembling; forms adjectives from nouns only

parastate (an unrecognized state), parabaptism (unauthorized baptism)

unrecognized, unauthorized, or unsanctioned

parenteral (avoiding the intestines), paraconsistent (avoiding consistency)

(organic chemistry) In isomeric benzene derivatives, having the two substituents in opposite (1,4) positions (compare ortho- and meta-)

para-

having substituents on benzene rings on opposite carbon atoms

paraclinical (relating to things not purely clinical), parabigeminal (related to a pair of organs), parabicanonical (pertaining to a linear system of divisors equivalent to a bicanonical divisor), paracomplex (pertaining to all metric spaces and all CW-complexes)

paranesthesia (affecting both sides of the lower body), paraballism (ballism affecting both legs)


para-

From French para-, from Italian para-, from para, imperative of parare (“to defend, shield, shroud”), from Latin parō (“I prepare”).

(obsolete, not productive) to guard against, to avert, to shield from; to provide protection against, defence from


grand-

From Middle English, probably modelled after use of grand in Middle French (e.g., grandpere); see also grand.

Seth is Amal's grandfather.

of a generation removed from the original noun


Ah

Ah Ming moved out of Chinatown last year.

I was called, at about an hour's notice, to take Ah Quai (the girl rescued in the spring), and go with Mr. Gardiner to Seattle, and give evidence in the case of one of the women brought over on the same ship with Ah Quai.

1893 July 4, “Chinese Work in British Columbia”, in Missionary Leaflet, volume 9, number 10, page 2:

A prefix of Chinese origin used with a shortened form of given names to express familiarity, roughly equivalent to a nickname.


Franco-

/ˈ fɹeɪ̯ŋ.koʊ̯/

The Paris portion will include a first and second class sleeping car, ordinary Paris-Copenhagen coach and a second class Paris-Puttgarden couchette car, besides vehicles for Hamburg and Hanover and restaurant facilities between Paris and Jeumont, on the Franco-Belgian frontier.

1962 December, “Beyond the Channel: European timetables: Prospects for 1963”, in Modern Railways, page 413:

Relating to France or the French people, language, or culture.


O'

O'Reilly

descendant of; used to form Irish patronymic surnames.


Wo

(astronomy) the prefix of catalog entries in the Gliese star catalog, the Richard van der Riet Woolley expansion


acro-

From international scientific vocabulary, per above.

acroarthritis is arthritis in the joints of the hands or feet, acroasphyxia is impaired circulation to the fingers, acrodysplasia is dysplasia that affects the head, hands and feet

The extremities: limbs, head, fingers, toes, etc.

acrocentric is a chromosome that has the centromere very near to one end, and thus has a long arm, and a very short arm, acropleurogenous is having spores that develop at the ends of the hyphae, acrocarpous is developing the archegonium on the summit of the primary stem; fruiting at tips, in the manner of mosses

Located or positioned at a tip or tips of an object or body.

acrodendrophile is a creature that inhabits the treetops, acropleustophyte is an aquatic plant that floats near the water surface, acrotrophic is having nutritive cells at the top of the follicular tube

Located or positioned at the top; uppermost.

acrophony is the naming of letters in an alphabetic writing system using words whose initial sounds are represented by the respective letters, acronym is an abbreviation formed by the initial letters of other words, acrography is an organizing principle for written lists based on initial glyphs

acrocephalic is a person suffering from a pointed skull, Acronicta is dagger moth, acrocranial is pointed at the top

acrophilia is sexual arousal from heights or high altitudes, acrophilia is a love of heights, acrophobe is a person who suffers from acrophobia, a fear of heights

acrophase is the upper part of a sine wave fitted to a measurement of a circadian pattern or other biological rhythm, acrostatic is having a specific pattern of ablaut in which the accent is placed on the root syllable in all cases

acrophyll is the upper leaves of a plant, acrolect is speaking like those of the upper class, acrodactylum is the upper surface of a toe

acrophyte is any plant that grows at a high altitude, acrophile is a person who inhabits mountains or alpine regions

acrography is a method of relief etching on wood, metal, or stone by means of a coating of compressed chalk, invented by Louis Schonberg in 1841, acrography is decorative plaster work of various styles used in middle eastern architecture

acrobalance is a form of exercise or performance involving two or more people performing balances without the use of any props, Acroyoga is a physical practice that combines yoga and acrobatics


C

(stenoscript) the sequence circ or its sound


uro-

/ˈjʊəɹə(ʊ)-/

/ˌjʊəɹə(ʊ)-/

urine; relating to urine and the urinary system.


uro-

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek οὐρά (ourá, “tail”).

/ˈjʊəɹə(ʊ)-/

/ˌjʊəɹə(ʊ)-/

urochord (organ) or the Urochordata; having a tail.


retro-

retroactive


psychro-

From Ancient Greek ψυχρός (psukhrós, “cold, frozen”).


Anglo-

From New Latin Anglo-, from Late Latin Anglī, Anglus (“Anglo-Saxon(s)”), derived from Latin Anglia (“England”), ultimately from Germanic. Influenced by French anglo-. Displaced native Old English Angel-.

ইঙ্গ-

prefix: relating to England, English, or the English

Automatically generated listed of words beginning with

Anglo-Indian rule brought railroads, but also some of the worst famines in history.

Anglo-German naval rivalry was a contributing factor to the First World War.

The identification of the border between England and Scotland always has been a source of interest to railway travellers. For many years, however, the exact points north of Berwick and Carlisle at which the Anglo-Scottish main lines passed from one country to the other were not defined, but the erection of clear and unmistakable lineside signs has put the matter beyond all doubt.

1950 January, “Crossing the Border”, in Railway Magazine, page 2:

A combining form relating to England or, by extension, the United Kingdom.

The Anglo-Indian Cliff Richard's 1952 "Move It" is sometimes credited as the first British rock hit.

T.S. Eliot was an anglophile.

Anglo-Kirghiz mares, now better known as Novokirghiz, produce more milk than representatives of either separate lineage.

A combining form relating to the English or British people, culture, or livestock.

Japanese anglophones—but not Chinese ones—often struggle with distinguishing /r/ and /l/.

A combining form relating to the English language.


techno-

From Ancient Greek τέχνη (tékhnē, “skill”).

tegno-

used to form words relating to technology


Of-

(British) A regulatory body for a specified industry.


opto-

From Ancient Greek ὀπτικός (optikós, “of seeing”).


zym-

Alternative form of zymo- (before a vowel).


zymo-

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek ζύμη (zúmē, “leaven”).


zygo-

From Ancient Greek ζυγόν (zugón, “yoke”).


miso-

Combining form of Ancient Greek μῑσέω (mīséō, “to hate”), μῖσος (mîsos, “hatred”).


over-

From Middle English over-, from Old English ofer-, from Proto-Germanic *uber, from Proto-Indo-European *upér. Cognate with Dutch over-, German über-, Swedish över-, Welsh gor-, Spanish sobre-, Armenian վեր- (ver-), Persian ابر (abar-). Doublet of super-, sur-, and hyper-. More at over.

overbar, overlook

overlord

overkind, overloud, overstate

overcoat, overpaint

(augmentative) Exceptional; extremely or intensely.


mis-

From Middle English mys-, mis-, from Old English mis- (“mis-”), from Proto-West Germanic *missa-, from Proto-Germanic *missa- (“wrongly, badly, mis-”), from the adjective *missaz (whence also miss), from Proto-Indo-European *mitˢtós (“mutual, reciprocal”), from *meyt(h₂)- (“to replace, switch, exchange, swap”), extended from the root *mey- (“to change”).
Cognate with Scots mis- (“mis-”), Dutch mis- (“mis-”), German miss-, mis- (“mis-”), Danish mis- (“mis-”), Swedish mis- (“mis-”), Icelandic mis- (“mis-”). Compare also French més-, mé- (“mis-”), from Old French mes- (“mis-”), from Frankish *mis-, *missa- (“mis-”), from the same Proto-Germanic source above.

der

misidentification

bad or wrong; badly or wrongly
incorrectly

miscarriage (to fail to carry a pregnancy to term), misacknowledge

I misclicked something on my computer, and now everything is in Hungarian!

misaccusation


meso-

From Ancient Greek μέσος (mésos, “middle”). Doublet of mid- and medio-.

Mesoamerica is a pre-Columbian cultural region extending from the southern part of Mexico to an area that comprises some parts of the countries of Central America, mesohepatectomy is the surgical removal of the middle part of the liver, mesoscaphe is a submersible submarine designed for drifting on sea currents in the middle depth layers of the ocean

mesoeconomics is economics on a scale between that of microeconomics and macroeconomics, mesoevolution is evolutionary change on a time-scale intermediate between microevolution and macroevolution, mesometeorology is the study of atmospheric phenomena on a larger scale than micrometeorology

Between a macro- scale and micro- scale in scope or analysis.

mesobrowser is a medium-sized browser (animal that browses, mesocavern is a medium-sized cave, cavern or similar void, mesohabitat is a medium-sized habitat

mesochannel is a channel, between two others, used as a heat exchanger, mesoclitic is a clitic inserted inside a word (such as between a stem and a suffix), mesolayer is a layer that exists between others

mesocratic is having a more or less even mixture of light and dark constituents, mesognathous is having the jaws between prognathous and orthognathous, mesohydrophyte is any plant whose tolerance to moisture is intermediate between that of a mesophyte and a hydrophyte.

Intermediate between two properties or characteristics.

mesoappendix is part of the mesentery found near the appendix and the terminal ileum, mesoduodenum is the mesentery of the duodenum, mesogastrium is the part of the embryonic mesentery that includes the stomach

mesoanterior is mesial and anterior, mesomedial is mesial and medial, meson is the mesial plane dividing the body into similar right and left halves

(anatomy) Mesial in location, position, or direction: towards the midline of the body.

mesochronic is based upon time averages of observed phenomena, mesocrystal is an ordered aggregate of similarly-sized crystals, mesokurtosis is the property of having kurtosis equal to that of a normal distribution; equivalently, having zero excess kurtosis

mesocone is a conule in the median mure where the mesoloph is attached to it, mesoflexus is a flexus between the mesoloph and the paracone, mesoloph is a crest in front of the metaflexus, connected to the median mure

(dentistry) The forward side of a tooth.

mesocenozoic is relating to the middle of the Cenozoic era, mesocratic is relating to mesocracy, or rule by the middle class, Mesolithic is of or referring to the Middle Stone Age (also the Mesolithic period or the Mesolithic age), a prehistoric period that lasted between 10000 and 3000 BC

The middle of a time period, or medium in duration.

mesocarnivore is any animal whose diet consists of 30–70% meat, mesobilirubin is a reduced form of bilirubin that is the primary pigment of bile acid, mesoparasite is a parasitic copepod that lives partly embedded in its host

mesoendemic is having some transmission in an area, mesoeutrophic is having a medium amount of nutrients and minerals, mesohaline is moderately salty; brackish

meso-tartaric acid, mesolytic

(chemistry) Designating an achiral member of a group of diastereoisomers that has at least one chiral member.


paleo-

From Ancient Greek παλαιός (palaiós, “old”).

Used to form informal names of taxa; basal.


gymno-

From Ancient Greek γυμνός (gumnós, “naked”).


chalco-

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek χαλκός (khalkós, “copper”). Despite the appearance in English of a possible relation of chalco- to chalk, and any plausible semantic and cognate connections between limestones and ores in ancient times, the terms are not related by any known cognation. Note also the hard ch sound (/k/) in chalco- and words generated therefrom, which differs from the soft ch sound in chalk.

Copper; relatedly, also bronze or brass.


pro-

From Latin pro (“in favour of, on behalf of”).

uder

Police said that 289 people had been arrested, mostly for unlawful assembly. One woman was arrested in the Kowloon district of Yau Ma Tei on charges of assault and spreading pro-independence slogans, the police department said on its Facebook page. It said such slogans are illegal under a newly enacted national security law.

2020 September 6, “Hong Kong police arrest 289 at protests over election delay”, in The Washington Post, Associated Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-04-19, Asia & Pacific:


pro-

From Latin pro- (“forward direction, forward movement”).

progress compared to regress


exo-

From Ancient Greek ἔξω (éxō, “outer; external”).

der

exo- + planet → exoplanet

exo- + biology → exobiology

(astronomy) extrasolar; beyond the Solar System (our solar system)


chron-

(prevocalic) Alternative form of chrono-.


apico-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from apex.

e.g. apicoplast, Apicophilicity, Homophoberia apicosa

Having a shape that has a tip, point, or apex; apical, pointy.

e.g. apicocardiac, apicolateral, apicomedial

usage note: For organisms that are attached to a substrate (e.g. sponges, protists), the side attached to the substrate is referred to as the basal end, and the end furthest from attachment is referred to as apical

(anatomy) The side of a body part (or organism) that is futher away from the substrate it is attached to.

e.g. apicoalveolar, apicodental, apicopalatal

(linguistics) Articulated with the tip of the tongue.

e.g. apicocoronal, apicoectomy

(dentistry) Related to the root of a tooth.


NN

(astronomy) the prefix of catalog entries in the Gliese star catalog, the expansion called the Preliminary Version of the Third Catalogue of Nearby Stars


co-

From Latin co-, allomorph of Latin con-.

coadoption is joint adoption, coadapt is to adapt together, coanalysis is analysis together

Together: the root word is done co-incidently.

Jointly: the root verb is done in coordination between multiple actors or entities

coassemble is to assemble along with others, coadhesion is adhesion along with another material, coadsorb is to be adsorbed along with another substance. Here there is not an indication of intentional coordination.

Along with: the root verb is done along with or in addition to others.

coadherence is mutual adherence, coattraction is mutual attraction, coannihilate is to annihilate each other. Unlike the sense of jointly where it is done by both, this sense indicates it is being both to each other.

Mutually: the root is done in a way that is reciprocal and bidirectional.

cobirthing is simultaneous bringing into being, cosexual is being able to simultaneously reproduce as both female and male, cocluster is a simultaneous cluster of rows and columns, coagglutination is the simultaneous agglutination of two or more proteins or antigens. This sense emphasizes the temporal aspect.

Simultaneously, done or able to do at the same time.

cocirculate is to circulate together, coarctate is arctated together, coattend is to attend together.

Spatially located or positioned together, co-located.

coantioxidant is a material that has antioxidant activity in the presence of another, codepletion is the depletion of one substance in conjunction with the depletion of another, comedication is a second medication used to alleviate the side-effects of another

In conjunction: the root needs another entity to take effect, or there is a one-way interaction between them.

coflowing is flowing in the same direction, cocurrent is of or pertaining to flow in the same direction, coalign is to align together

Moving or oriented in the same direction; co-directional.

co-corrections is the housing together of male and female prisoners, co-educate is to educate children of both sexes together

Gender-mixed; having men and women together for the root activity or location.

coadministrator is a joint administrator, coassessor is a joint assessor, cocaptain is a joint captain

Having commonality, similarity with respect to the root.

co-sister is one's spouse's sibling's wife, co-parent-in-law is a parent of one's child-in-law; co-husband is in a polyandrous marriage, another husband of a man’s wife

Indicating a family relationship that indicates a common rank made through three degrees of separation, the middle of which is by marriage.

cointense is equal in intensity, codominant is equally dominant, coextension is being equally extended

Equally, equal with respect to the root.

cocharacter is a homomorphism of a character, cofree is homomorphic and free, cohyponormal is homomorphic and hyponormal

(mathematics) Homomorphic with respect to the root.

coseasonal is during a season, coseismic is during an earthquake, cotemporality is the state or characteristic of existing or occurring during the same period of time

During the same time period as the root.

coaxial is having a common central axis, cobelligerent is country that wages war against a common enemy, without the countries on the same side having a formal treaty of military alliance, coaltitude is the same altitude as that of another aircraft

coaltitude is the complement of an altitude, colatitude is the complement, in spherical coordinates, of a latitude (the difference between a latitude and 90°, cocategory is the dual of a category, coarea is the dual of the area

coaccused is one of two or more people accused of the same offence, coaccumulation is the accumulation of two or more materials at the same time, coadsorption is the adsorption of multiple substances at the same time

Having multiple targets or effects; the root affects or involves multiple subjects.

copilot is a backup or assistant pilot of an aircraft, coabuser is someone who collaborates with or refrains from interfering with an abuser in perpetrating abuse, cofeature is an auxiliary or secondary feature, coname is a secondary name

Secondary or auxiliary in rank or priority.

coglucosidase is a coenzyme that activates a glucosidase, coprotease is a protease coenzyme, codehydrogenase is any dehydrogenase coenzyme

codimer is any dimeric copolymer, copolypeptide is any polypeptide that is a copolymer, comonomer is any of a group of monomers that, when polymerized, form a copolymer

(organic chemistry) Referring to copolymers.

copolymer is a polymer derived from more than one species of monomer, cointercalation is the intercalation of two or more materials, coconformation is the joint conformation of two, interacting molecules, especially that of a rotaxane

(chemistry) Deriving from multiple sources.


cosmo-

From Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos, “universe”).


chemo-

Back-formation from compounds built on New Latin chēmicus (“pertaining to alchemy or chemistry”) and chēmia (“chemistry”), ultimately of Ancient Greek origin.

Relating to or using chemicals or chemistry.

chemo-

relating to or using chemicals or chemistry


pale-

Alternative form of paleo- used before vowels.


palae-

Alternative form of palaeo- before a vowel


Greco-

Greco-Roman wrestling is an Olympic sport bringing back the style of the Ancient Greeks and Roman physicality.

Greek, often in reference to ancient Greece.


eka-

(chemistry) Used to form prototype names for as-yet undiscovered elements, when prepended to the known element above them in the same group of the periodic table.


chlor-

Form of chloro- used mainly before a vowel.


cyclo-

cyclorama, cyclometer

cyclohexane


geno-

From the stem of Ancient Greek γένος (génos, “race, kind”), also Ancient Greek γεννάω (gennáō, “to produce”) and
From Latin gēns (“tribe, clan”).


hydr-

Alternative form of hydro- used before a vowel.


carb-

Alternative form of carbo- used before a vowel.


carbo-

carbide, carbohydrate

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry) Representing carbon, carbonic, carbonyl, carbonylic, carboxyl or carboxylic.


tox-

Alternative form of toxi- before a vowel


oxo-

(organic chemistry) Having a methylene group replaced by a carbonyl group.


lepto-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek λεπτός (leptós, “thin”).


vaso-

(medicine, pathology) Pertaining to blood vessels or the vascular system.

vaso-

pertaining to blood vessels or the vascular system


hydro-

From Ancient Greek ὑδρο- (hudro-), from ὕδωρ (húdōr, “water”).


zinco-

(chemistry) containing, or combined with, or using zinc


phosph-

(chemistry) Alternative form of phospho-; used before a vowel.


nitr-

(organic chemistry) Alternative form of nitro- used before a vowel.


cupro-

(inorganic chemistry) of or pertaining to copper.


uran-

(chemistry) A form of urano- used before a vowel.


sulph-

(chemistry, UK) Alternative spelling of sulf-


sulf-

(chemistry) Alternative form of sulfo-; used before a vowel.


sulpho-

(UK, chemistry) Alternative spelling of sulfo-


post-

Latin post (“after, behind”). Cognate with Spanish pues (“well, so, then”)


dichlor-

(chemistry) Alternative form of dichloro- used mainly before a vowel.


per-

(non-productive) In verbs: denoting the sense "through", as in perforate.

(non-productive) In verbs: denoting the sense "thoroughly", as in perfect.

(non-productive) In verbs: denoting the sense "to destruction", as in pervert.

(non-productive) In adjectives and adverbs: denoting the sense "extremely", as in perfervid.

(chemistry) Forming nouns and adjectives denoting the maximum proportion of one element in a compound, as in peroxide.

(chemistry) Added to the name of an element in a polyatomic ion to denote the number of atoms of that element (usually four).


per-

Borrowed from Old French per (modern French par).

(non-productive) Denoting the sense "by" or "per", as in perchance or perhaps.


chromo-

From Ancient Greek χρῶμα (khrôma, “color”).

quantum chromodynamics
quantum chromodynamics

(physics, quantum chromodynamics) color; property of quarks and gluons that is related to the particles' strong interactions in the theory of quantum chromodynamics


phil-

From combining form of Ancient Greek φίλος (phílos, “beloved, dear”), φιλέω (philéō, “to love”), of unknown origin.


ferri-

Coordinate term: ferro-

(chemistry) ferric:
Iron (the metal).
Iron of oxidation number 3.


nomino-

(grammar) Pertaining to the nominative case.


thio-

From Ancient Greek θεῖον (theîon, “sulfur”).

Chalcogen analogues of monocarboxylic acids with retained names may also be named by placing the prefix ‘thio’, ‘seleno’, or ‘telluro’ in front of the name of the acid.

2013, Henri A. Favre and Warren H. Powell, eds., Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, 765

(chemistry) containing sulfur, especially a compound in which oxygen has been replaced by this element


oligo-

From Ancient Greek ὀλίγος (olígos, “few”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ligos (“poor, miserable”).


cupr-

(inorganic chemistry) Alternative form of cupro- (before a vowel)


demo-

From Ancient Greek δῆμος (dêmos, “people”).

e.g. democracy, demolatry, demonym

e.g. demogenetics, demography, demology

e.g. demographer, demolinguistic, demoeconomic


Graeco-

From Latin Graecus, Graeco-; equivalent to Greek + -o-.


sym-

From Ancient Greek συμ- (sum-), variant of συν- (sun-), from σύν (sún, “with, in company with, together with”).

variant of syn-, used before the letters b, m and p.


xanth-

Alternative form of xantho- before a vowel


xantho-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ξᾰνθός (xanthós, “yellow”).


hygro-

From the Ancient Greek ὑγρός (hugrós, “wet”, “moist”).


pleuro-

pleurogenic, pleuropericarditis

(medicine) Of or pertaining to the pleura; pleural.

pleurocentrum


glosso-

From Ancient Greek γλῶσσᾰ (glôssa, “tongue; language”) + -o-.

af

glossopharyngeal

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the tongue.

glossolalia

(linguistics) Of or pertaining to language or speech.


omo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὦμος (ômos, “the shoulder”).

bor

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the shoulder and scapula.


omo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὠμός (ōmós, “raw, crude”).


ac-

From Old English āc (“oak”) (but not part of the etymology of acorn).


ac-

* Around 1500 the c was added to some versions of the a- prefix.
* From Middle English a-, from Old French a-, from Latin ad- (“to, toward”).

ac- + company → accompany

ac- + knowledge → acknowledge


brom-

(organic chemistry) Alternative form of bromo- (before a vowel)


apo-

From the Ancient Greek prefix ἀπό- (apó-), from the preposition ἀπό (apó, “from, away from”), from the Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“off, away”), whence the English words off and of, and ab- (via Latin). Doublet of ab- and off-.

der

aporeceptor is a receptor that targets apoproteins or apolipoproteins, apoflavoprotein is the apoprotein of a flavoprotein, apomucin is the apoprotein of a mucin

(biochemistry) An apoenzyme: an enzyme without its cofactor; associated apoproteins.

apoglobin is a form of a globin that lacks a heme unit, apomyoglobin is a form of myoglobin that lacks a heme unit, apometalloprotein is the form of a metalloprotein that lacks the coordinated metal atom

Lacking, without, scant.
(biochemistry) Lacking a metallic unit.

Lacking, without, scant.
Lacking a metallic unit.

apotracheal is not associated with vascular tracheids, apogeotropic is opposite to geotropic

aponeurosis is a connective tissue that is sparingly supplied with blood vessels and nerves, apomeiosis is a suppressed meiosis, apogamy is asexual reproduction of a fully formed plant directly from a bud (without sexual reproduction)

apotemnophobia is a fear of amputation, apotemnophilia is a compulsion to become an amputee, apophallation is the biting off of the penis that occurs in some animals during or after mating

Away from, outward, or apart in direction.

apocarpous is having carpels that are not joined, aposepalous is having multiple, distinct sepals, apopetalous is having distinct or free petals

apomedication is the nonmedical use of a material (typically cannabis) that also has a medical use, apomorph is an organism existing in an evolutionary state that represents a morphological change as compared to a previous state

aposematism is coloration that warns off potential predators, apoplast is the space outside of a plant's plasma membrane through which water and soluble nutrients are transported across a tissue or organ

apocentromeric is away from a centromere, apheliotropic is turning away from the sun, apophlegmatic is designed to facilitate discharges of phlegm or mucus from the mouth or nostrils, apopyle is a pore through which water passes out of a sponge, apophysis is a natural outgrowth

apology as an account or story (logos) that comes from/off the speaker, apocrypha as coming from hidden writing (krpyha), apodeme is attaching from the dema

apoharmine is an alkaloid, C8H8N2, derived from harmic acid, that behaves similarly to harmine, but that has greater solubility in water, apocodeine is an alkaloid with chemical formula C18H19NO2, prepared from codeine, with effects like those of apomorphine, apomorphine is a crystalline morphine derivative that is a dopamine agonist, used as an emetic and is injected subcutaneously in the form of its hydrochloride C17H17NO2·HCl·1/2H2O to treat episodes of immobility associated with advanced Parkinson's disease

(organic chemisty) Derived from, or related to.

From, coming from.
Derived from, or related to.

apocentric is the point in an orbit which is furthest from the orbited body, apocenter is the furthest point of an astronomical object in an elliptical orbit to its center of attraction, apastron is the point of greatest separation between a celestial object and the star which it orbits

Distant, far from, or apart in position.

apoposeidion is apoapsis around Neptune, apouranion is apoapsis around Uranus, apocytherion is apoapsis around Venus

(astronomy) Apoapsis: the point of a body's elliptical orbit about the system's centre of mass where the distance between the body and the centre of mass is at its maximum.

apophyte is a plant growing in disturbed land far from its usual home, apomecometry is the art of measuring the distance of far-off objects

approportionate is to render proportionate, apoplexy is to have a stroke (plexis: to strike), apotheosis is to become godlike (theosis)


terato-

From Ancient Greek τέρας (téras, “monster”). Doublet of tera-.

(medicine) Pertaining to birth defects and similar abnormalities.

teiriti-

pertaining to birth defects and similar abnormalities


schm-

Imitative of many Yiddish words such as schmaltz or schmuck.

Rain, schmain, we've got a game to play.

(chiefly US) Used to form a reduplicated rhyming compound of any word in order to express disparagement, dismissal, or derision.

Issa big schmood.

Look at my big schmeat.

Used to form an intensified word, typically with words starting with m especially for comedic effect.


oo-

From Ancient Greek ᾠο- (ōio-), combining form of ᾠόν (ōión, “egg”). Compare ovi-.


wan-

From Middle English wan-, from Old English wan-, from Proto-West Germanic *wana-, from Proto-Germanic *wanaz (“lacking, missing, deficient”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁weh₂- (“to be lacking, be empty”).

(no longer productive) Preceding nouns and adjectives with the sense “bad”, “un-”.


hydroxy-

(chemistry) having, or derived from, a hydroxyl radical


iod-

(organic chemistry) Alternative form of iodo-; used mainly before a vowel.


i-

From Middle English i-, y-, ȝe-, from Old English ġe-, from Proto-West Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱó-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“with, near, by, along”). Cognate with Dutch ge-, Low German ge-, je-, e-, German ge-.

(obsolete) Used to form past participles of verbs. Alternative spelling of y-


i-

From Latin ī-, assimilated form of in- used before g-.

A form of the prefix in-, used before gn, as in ignoble, ignominy, and ignore.


i-

(Jamaica) Used to transform English words into words used by Rastafarians with a special meaning.


i-

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁én
Proto-Indo-European *h₁entér
Proto-Italic *ənter
Latin inter
Latin inter-bor.
English inter-
Proto-Indo-European *neHd-der.
Proto-Germanic *natją
Proto-West Germanic *nati
Old English nett
Middle English net
English net
Proto-Indo-European *werǵ-
Proto-Indo-European *-om
Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom
Proto-Germanic *werką
Proto-West Germanic *werk
Old English weorc
Middle English werk
English work
English network
English internetwork
English Internet
English i-
From Internet. Popularized in the name of the iMac line of computers (1998).

etymon

i- + pod → iPod

i- + phone → iPhone

i- + Mac → iMac

I-WHAT?! Seems everyone's ripping off the iMac idea. Take this parody ad for the fruity-colored “iBrator” at sleeplessknights.com.

1999 November 1, Melissa August, “Ad Infinitum”, in Time, volume 154, page 39:

In our “iWorld” of new gadgets and cool widgets, help us to ponder the reality that over half of the population on the earth exists on three of our American dollars, or less, a day.

2011, Scotty Smith, Everyday Prayers: 365 Days to a Gospel-Centered Faith, Baker Books, →ISBN, page 178:

Alluding to digital devices and computer programs, especially those that are cutting-edge or fashionable, and those from Apple.


allo-

From Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos, “other”), from Proto-Hellenic *áľľos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos (English else).

alloresponse is an alloimmune response, alloreaction is an immune response to an alloantigen, alloresponsive is that generates an alloresponse

(biology, medicine) Nonself; nonself but of the same species. Used as an antonym to auto-.

(immunology) Alloimmunity; (biology, medicine, transplantation) transplantation of cells or tissues from one person to another.

alloalbumin is any of a group of genetically-related albumins found in blood serum, allomorph is any of the different crystalline forms of a substance, alloidentical is being of the identical allotype

(chemistry, biology) An arbitrary member of a heterogenous-but-interrelated group.

allogeneous is from a nonself donor of the same species, allorecognition is the ability of an individual organism to distinguish its own tissues from those of another, alloimmunity is immunity against cells from another organism

allonomous is controlled by an external stimulus, allochory is the passive dispersal of seeds by means of external agents, allogenic is having an external cause or source

External, outside, or from a separate location.

allohaploid is having a single set of unpaired chromosomes derived from two different species, allopolyploid is having multiple complete sets of chromosomes derived from different species, allohexaploid is having six complete sets of chromosomes derived from different species

(genetics) Hybridization of multiple species.

allolactose is an isomer of the sugar lactose, allocholane is the isomer of cholane 5α-cholane, allobetulin is a naturally-occurring isomer of betulin

(chemistry) Isomeric; especially, of amino acids having two chiral centres, the second diastereoisomer to be discovered or synthesized.

(chemistry) a diastereomer having the same configuration on four neighboring chiral carbon atoms as carbohydrate allose.

allolalia is any speech disorder resulting from cerebral damage, allochromasia is a defect in colour vision, allorhythmia is an irregular pattern of the heartbeat

Different, distinct, or other with respect to the root.

(pathology) Abnormal, defective with respect to the root.

allophone is a person whose mother tongue is one other than that spoken by the majority, alloparent is an adult animal or person involved in parent-like behaviour towards an individual that is not his or her offspring, allophane is an amorphous hydrous aluminium silicate clay mineral named for "having a deceptive reaction in the blowpipe flame in old mineralogical testing"

allohistorical is relating to alternate history as a genre, alloplasm is cytoplasm that has been modified to form cilia or flagella, allobar is an area where the atmospheric pressure changes

alloprotein is a synthetic protein (especially one that contains an amino acid that is not found in nature), allopurinol is a synthetic drug which inhibits uric acid formation

(chemistry, pharmacology) Synthetic, artificial.

allosome is a sex chromosome that differs from an ordinary autosome in form or size, allonym is a book published under the name of a person other than its true author, allocolonial is between members of different colonies

allophony is variation in the phonetic realizations of a phoneme, allocher is any of two or more alternative hand signs for a chereme in a sign language, allograph is a variant form of a letter (or other grapheme)

(linguistics) Alternative, variant in form.

Variety, heterogeneity.
Alternative, variant in form.

allochromatic is having a colour that is due to the presence of impurities, allochromatic is having properties that are due to the presence of impurities or to radiation damage, allostratigraphy is the study and classification of rock strata by features causing as unconformities and discontinuities in the rock record

(chemistry, mineralogy) Impure in composition.

Variety, heterogeneity.
Impure in composition.

allopelagic is that lives at a variety of depths, allochronic is occurring in different geologic time periods, allocentric is of a tourist: tending to be adventurous and preferring novel and unfamiliar experiences

allosuck is to suckle from a female who is not one's own mother, allocare is care given to an infant by an animal that is not the infant's parent, allofather is a male alloparent

(ethology) Alloparenting: parenting behaviours between animals who are not parent and child.

alloromantic is someone who experiences romantic attraction, alloerotic is having erotic desire of or attraction to another person of any sex, allonormativity is the assumption that all human beings are allosexual or alloromantic

(LGBT) Not asexual; attracted to others.


to-

From Middle English to-, from Old English tō-, te- (“apart, away”), from Proto-West Germanic *tuʀ-, *twiʀ-, from Proto-Germanic *twiz- (“apart, in two”), from Proto-Indo-European *dwis- (“two-ways, in twain”).

inh

tocrack is to crack, togrind is to grind or break to pieces, torend is to rend to pieces

(no longer productive) apart, away, asunder, in pieces; expressing separation, negation, or intensity.

(no longer productive) Parting: forming verbs that involve cleaving, breaking, or sundering.

tobeat is to beat excessively, topinch is to pinch severely, toquake is to quake or tremble exceedingly, toruffle is to ruffle excessively

(no longer productive) To do excessively.

tobruise is to completely beat or batter, toreave is to remove completely, torob is to steal completely, toshend is to ruin completely

tolug is to pull about, towind is to whirl around


to-

today as a current day or date, tonight as the nighttime of the current day, tosol as the current sol (Martian day)

Used in various ways to indicate temporality:

Current, the current form of the suffixed time. Forming nouns.

today as on the current day or date, tomorrow as on the day after the present day, tomorn as on the morning

On (this) time, which is a fixed point in time. Forming adverbs.

today as the day which is currently happening, tonight as during the evening of today, toyear as during the year

During the suffixed time. Forming adverbs.

today as current and up to date, together as coherent and well-organized

Of, as characteristic of the suffixed time period. Forming adverbs and adjectives.

tomorrow as at some point in the future, tofall as the end or decline, together as at the same time, in the same place

At, at the suffixed time. Forming an unfixed point in time, rather than a duration.

to-bread is an extra loaf added by bakers to every dozen, to-name is a name added to another name

to-draw is a resort to which one is drawn, tofall is a shed or building with a roof formed in a single slope with the top resting against the wall, together is to gather into one place or thing


new-

newborn

newfound

newcreate

newmodel


ptero-

From Ancient Greek πτερόν (pterón, “wing, feather”).

uder

e.g. pterosaur, pterophorid, pterochorous, pterygoid

e.g. pterography, pterophyte


ur-

From German ur-, originally from Old High German ir-, ur- (“thoroughly”), from Proto-Germanic *uz- (“out”), from Proto-Indo-European *uds- (“up, out”), from Proto-Indo-European *úd (same meaning). Cognate with Dutch oer-, English or-.

Some stories reach deeper, into the most primal and profound truths. They mirror, in new and original ways, the Ur-myth, the act of creation itself.

2003, John Adcox, 'Can Fantasy be Myth? Mythopoeia and The Lord of the Rings', The Newsletter of the Mythic Imagination Institutehttp://www.mythicjourneys.org/passages/septoct2003/newsletterp8.html

Lebanon ultimately remains hostage to the regional ur-conflict over Palestine.

2007, Max Rodenbeck, ‘Lebanon's Agony’, New York Review of Books, volume 54, number 11:

Forming words with the sense of “proto-, primitive, original”.

ur-

forming words with the sense of 'primitive'


hexaprismo-

(chemistry) having twelve atoms, bound into a hexagonal prism


hexahedro-

(chemistry) having eight atoms, bound into a hexahedron (cube)


nor-

(organic chemistry) A compound derived from another by removal of a radical, especially by removal of methyl or methylene.


mero-

Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part, portion”), from μείρομαι (meíromai, “I take”).


mero-

From Ancient Greek μηρός (mērós, “thigh”).

meralgia; merocele


pentaprismo-

(chemistry) compounds having ten atoms bound into a pentagonal prism


pan-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πᾰν- (pan-), combining form of πᾶς (pâs, “all, every”).

pancarditis is inflammation of all three layers of the heart, panophthalmitis is the inflammation of all coats of the eye, panplegia is paralysis of all four extremities

panallergenic is relating to all (or most) allergens, panbacterial is relating to all (or most) types of bacteria, panhypopituitarism is a form of hypopituitarism affecting most of the pituitary hormones

Most, nearly all, effectively all in quantity.

pancaspase is involving or relating to all (or most) caspases, pangender is encompassing or including all genders, panlingual is involving or encompassing all languages

Encompassing, including all, or involving all.

pancolonoscopy is colonoscopy of the entire colon, pangastritis is inflammation of the entire stomach lining, pangenomic is relating to the whole of a genome

Entire, whole; the entirety of the root object or category.

pangeometry is a generalized geometry in any number of dimensions, panphobia is the fear of everything, theopanism is the belief that the universe emanates from God

Universal, everything, all that can be imagined.

Pan-Africanism is a sociopolitical movement seeking to unify native Africans and those of African heritage into a global community, pan-Indianism is a movement promoting unity among different American Indian groups in the Americas regardless of tribal or local affiliations, pan-nationalism is nationalism that transcends traditional (historical) national identities or boundaries (such as borders) in order to create a single, unified identity

Unification of a social group; the political movement to unify said group.

pancontinental is across all continents, pan-Covid is covering all strains of the COVID-19 virus, pancultural is across all cultures

Spanning the entirety of a set which may not be countable; its members may not be clearly distinguished from each other.

panarctic is throughout the Arctic, pancolitis is a very severe form of ulcerative colitis that spreads throughout the large intestine from cecum to rectum, panfandom is occurring throughout or encompassing all of fandom

Throughout an area indicated by the root.

Pan-Asian is covering or representing all of Asia; pan-Palestinian is covering or representing Palestinians in the West Bank, Gaza and the diaspora; Pan-Anglican is belonging to, or representing, the whole Church of England

Representing or covering a given social group.

panallergen is any of a class of ubiquitous allergenic substances; pannecrosis is widespread necrosis, especially of neurons

Ubiquitous, widespread. The root indicates what is widespread rather than the area in which it is widespread.

panenteroviral is relating to all enteroviruses, Panhellenic is of or relating to all Greece or all the Greeks, panneural is relating to all nerves, panphilia is a state of loving or accepting all things

pancurious is exhibiting a state of uncertainty about one's pansexual or panromantic status; panphobia is fear, dislike, or hatred of pansexual people and/or pansexuality


auro-

(medicine, rare) Alternative form of aur- (“ear; sound; noise”)


plumb-

(chemistry) Alternative form of plumbo-; used before a vowel.


stann-

(chemistry) Alternative form of stanno- used before a vowel.


Fitz-

From Anglo-Norman fitz, from Old French fiz (modern fils), from Latin fīlius (“son”).

(used in A surnames) Son of; especially used for the illegitimate sons of royalty.


oxal-

(chemistry) derived from, or related to oxalic acid


oxalo-

(organic chemistry) derived from, or related to oxalic acid

(organic chemistry) containing the radical -CO-COOH derived from oxalic acid by removal of a hydroxyl


sodio-

(obsolete, chemistry) compound of sodium


bathy-

From Ancient Greek βαθύς (bathús, “deep”).


Inver-

From Scottish Gaelic inbhir (“river mouth, confluence”), from Old Irish *in(d)ber, from Proto-Celtic *endo-ber-o (“carrying in”), from *endo (“in”), from Proto-Indo-European *en-do-, from *h₁én. Analagous to Welsh aber (“river mouth, confluence”), from Old Welsh oper, aper, from Proto-Brythonic.


hiero-

From Ancient Greek prefix ἱερο- (hiero-), from ἱερός (hierós, “sacred, holy”).

(chiefly Eastern Orthodoxy) Denoting a man of a title such as a monk who is also a clergyman (e.g. hieromonk, hierodeacon, hieromartyr).


macro-

From French, from Latin, from Ancient Greek μακρός (makrós, “long”).

macronucleus

macrobiotics

macroinstruction

(augmentative) intensely, extremely, or exceptional

macrosociology, macroanatomy, macrobenthos

great in scope or scale, to analyse at a high level, or existing in such a frame of reference

macronutrient, macrodose


juxta-

(non-productive or restricted in use) Near to, alongside, next to.


myo-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek μῦς (mûs, “mouse; muscle”).


sulfa-

(pharmacology) Used to form names of sulfonamides used as antiinfectives.


sulphureo-

(obsolete) Used as a combining form to indicate sulphureous and some other property


ana-

From Ancient Greek ἀνα- (ana-), from ἀνά (aná, “on, up, above, throughout”). Doublet of on-.

e.g. anafront, anagogy, anaglyph

e.g. anabaptist, anataxis, anastatic

e.g. anagram, anaplasia, anaphase

e.g. analysis, analyte, anatomy

e.g. anachronism, anamodernism, anatoxin

e.g. anacolpate, anaporate, anaseismic

e.g. anagen, anagenesis, anabranch

to grow or change in place; functionally similar


peri-

From Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, around”). Cognate to for via Proto-Indo-European.

peri- + meter → perimeter

peri- + helion → perihelion

peri- + apocalyptic → peri-apocalyptic

peri- + natal → perinatal


salpingo-

From New Latin salpinx (“the salpinx”) + -o-, from Ancient Greek σᾰ́λπῐγξ (sálpinx, “a war-trumpet”).

bor

(anatomy) salpingeal: salpinx: Of or pertaining to a Fallopian tube or a Eustachian tube.

syringo-

also semantically related to tubes of various kinds


photo-

From the combining form φωτω- (phōtō-) of Ancient Greek φῶς (phôs, “light”).

electromagnetic radiation
electromagnetic radiation


phlebo-

From Ancient Greek φλέψ (phléps, “vein”).


phyto-

From Ancient Greek φυτόν (phutón, “plant”).

An automatic list of all pages on Wiktionary starting with phyto


myxo-

From Latin, from Ancient Greek μύξα (múxa, “mucus”).


robo-

From robot (borrowed from Czech and Slovak robota.)


telo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek τέλος (télos, “end”). Compare teleo-.


Sino-

From Medieval Latin Sina (“China”) and Late Latin Sīnae (“the Southern Chinese; Southern China”), from Ancient Greek Σῖναι (Sînai), of uncertain etymology but likely from Sanskrit चीन (Cīna, “China”), possibly via Arabic صِين (Ṣīn, “China; the Chinese”) and usually held to ultimately derive from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin, “Qin”). See "Names of China" on Wikipedia.

der

In the 1970s, Sino-Soviet rivalry also spread to Africa and the Middle East.

He's a Sino-Kadazan: half Han, half Kadazan.

A combining form relating to China or the Chinese, in those terms' various senses.

չին-

Of or relating to China, the Chinese, or Chinese culture (prefix form)


supra-

Learned borrowing from Latin suprā- (“above, over, beyond”).

lbor

Above, over, on top; (anatomy, medicine) superior

(augmentative) Intensely, extremely, or exceptional


syl-

Greek συλ-, variant of the Greek prefix σύν (syn); used instead of syn- before an L


stereo-

From Ancient Greek στερεός (stereós, “solid”).

der

stereophonic

stereopsis, stereoblind

(specifically) Relating to the binocular contribution to three-dimensional vision.

stereo-

stereotype


normo-

(chiefly biology) A normal (standard) level of something, as opposed to corresponding terms beginning with hyper- and hypo-.


des-

From Middle English des-, dis-, from Old French des-, from Latin dis-.

Obsolete form of dis-. (reversal of sense of succeeding word)

(organic chemistry) A removal of a group from a molecule.


al-

From Middle English al-, from Old English eal-, eall- (“all-”). More at all.

(no longer productive) Alternative form of all-


radio-

e.g. radiotherapy, radioactinium, radiolucent

e.g. radiotelemetry, radioacoustics, radiotelegraph

e.g. radiobicipital

radiosymmetrical


halo-

Combining form of Ancient Greek ἅλς (háls, “sea, salt”).


halo-

(chemistry) Forming names of chemical compounds which contain one or more halogen atoms.


socio-

From Latin socius (“associated, allied; partner, companion, ally”), from Proto-Indo-European *sokʷ-yo- (“companion”), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to follow”).

So we at this point want to encourage everyone to have principled relationships, and to understand where their relationship fits in terms of socio-impact. We want heterosexuals to understand their privilege in relation to lesbians but not to across the board say we're not going to work with you unless you're a lesbian.

1980 December 27, Lee Swinslow, quoting Krissy Keeler, “Wallflower: Moving With Their Politics”, in Gay Community News, volume 8, number 23, page 10:


hepato-

From Ancient Greek ἠπᾰτ- (ēpat-), the stem of ἧπᾰρ (hêpar, “liver”); compare hepar.


pneumono-

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *plew-
Proto-Indo-European *-mō
Proto-Indo-European *pléwmō
Ancient Greek πλεύμων (pleúmōn)
Proto-Indo-European *pnew-
Ancient Greek πνέω (pnéō)influ.
Proto-Indo-European *pnew-
Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥
Proto-Indo-European *pnéwmn̥
Ancient Greek πνεῦμα (pneûma)influ.
Ancient Greek πνεύμων (pneúmōn)bor.
English pneumono-
From Ancient Greek πνεύμων (pneúmōn, “lung”).


cardio-

From Ancient Greek καρδία (kardía, “heart”).

(anatomy) Relating to the cardia of the stomach.


rhino-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ῥινός (rhinós), genitive of ῥίς (rhís, “nose”)


angio-

From Ancient Greek ἀγγεῖον (angeîon, “vessel, urn, pot”), itself from Ancient Greek ἄγγος (ángos, “vessel”).

uder

vessel; relating to blood vessels, lymph vessels, or both.

verisuoni-

relating to blood vessels or lymph vessels


seismo-

From Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós, “earthquake”).


sino-

Alternative letter-case form of Sino- (“China”).


pluri-

From Latin pluri-, combining form of plūris, from plūs, from Old Latin *plous, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“many”). Related to plenty, plural (via Latin) and fele, full (via PIE).


megalo-

From Ancient Greek μεγάλος (megálos), further Ancient Greek μέγας (mégas).


peloro-

Latin Pelorus. Derived from the Greek for ‘monster’.

(sciences) A morpheme term pertaining to monsters, in the popular sense of "something huge".


prae-

(archaic, technical, or pedantic) Alternative form of pre-


calci-

(chemistry) Related to calcium or its compounds.

(pharmacology) Used to form names of vitamin D analogs/derivatives.


ot-

From ὠτ- (ōt-), the stem of the Ancient Greek οὖς (oûs, “ear”).


anthropo-

/ˌænθɹəˈpɒ-/

/ˌænθɹəpoʊ-/

/ˌænθɹoʊpə-/

Combining form of Ancient Greek ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos, “man, human”).


bronch-

(medicine) bronchus, relating to the trachea, or airways to the lungs.


polydeoxyribo-

Used to form various polymers of deoxyribonucleotides and their derivatives


polydeoxy-

various polymers of deoxynucleotides and their derivatives


polymorpho-

(chiefly medicine, physiology) polymorphous


omphalo-

From international scientific vocabulary, from a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek ὀμφαλός (omphalós, “navel”); compare also the synonymous prefix at umbilico- § Etymology; as explained at ὀμφαλός § Etymology, all of these words are cognates ultimately from the same Proto-Indo-European root.


polyribo-

Forming the names of polyribonucleotides and derived words


procto-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek πρωκτός (prōktós, “anus”).

Dealing with the rectum and anus; anorectal; sometimes also the distal colon.


holo-

half- hemi-

(antonym(s) of “whole”): demi-, semi-; antonym(s) of “half”

From Ancient Greek ὅλος (hólos, “whole”).


gyno-

From Ancient Greek γυνή (gunḗ, “woman, female”).

derived

Of or pertaining to the female reproductive system.


ed-

From Middle English ed-, from Old English ed- (“again, re-”), from Proto-West Germanic *id-, from Proto-Germanic *idi-, *idi, *ida (“back, backwards, again”), from Proto-Indo-European *éti.
Cognate with Dutch et-, German dialectal it- (“again, back”), Icelandic ið- (“again, back”), Gothic 𐌹𐌳- (id-, “again, back”), Welsh ad-, Welsh ed- (“again, back”), Latin et (“and”), Latin at (“but, moreover”).

eddish, eddy, edgrow, edgrowth, ednew, edquicken

(obsolete, no longer productive) A prefix of Old English origin meaning "again", "back", "anew", equivalent to re-.


tachy-

From Ancient Greek ταχύς (takhús, “swift”).


matr-

matronym


patr-

patronym


brepho-

From Ancient Greek βρέφος (bréphos, “baby”).

Symptoms appeared, during last winter, of the Brephomania or Fever of Rejuvenescence which took possession of many persons of both sexes, well on towards their grand climacteric.

a. 1835, “Moral Epidemics” (essay), in The Cabinet: A Series of Essays Moral and Literary, Volume I, Bell & Bradfute (1835), page 233

The Doctor and I do not wish it to be understood by this that we are advocates for the resumption of brephophagy in our own country […]

1875, Edward Rae, The Land of the North Wind, J Murray, page 266:


ventri-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Latin venter (“stomach”).

abdomino-

largely synonymous although sometimes coordinate in usage, under the bipedal/nonbipedal distinction


agri-

Originally from Latin ager, agrī (“field”), re-inforced by English agriculture (itself deriving from the original Latin root). Doublet of acre.


dermo-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek δέρμα (dérma, “skin”); compare dermis § Etymology.

dermal: dermis, but also often, broadly, skin or epidermis.


onto-

from Ancient Greek ὤν (ṓn), present participle of εἰμί (eimí, “I am”).


sur-

From Middle English sur-, from Old French sur-, sour-, sor-, soure-, a syncopic form of the Latin super. Doublet of super-, over-, and hyper-.

surreach, surrebutter, surreine, surreined, surrejoinder, surreply, surreverently, surroyal

(not currently productive) A syncopic variant of super-.


all-

From Middle English all- (also al-), from Old English eall-, eal- (“all-”). Cognate with Dutch al-, German all-, Swedish all-. More at all.

all- + knowing → all-knowing

all- + loving → all-loving

all- + seeing → all-seeing

all- + powerful → all-powerful

all- + important → all-important

Indicates complete power or authority in an area.

vše-

to indicate complete power or authority in an area

all- + around → all-around

all- + over → all-over

all- + India → all-India = union-level scope

all- + Union → all-Union = union-level scope

Indicates that a term applies in a general manner.

vše-

to indicate that a term applies in a general manner


porta-

(biology, medicine) Alternative form of porto- (“portal vein”)


cleido-

From Ancient Greek κλείς (kleís, “a key; the collarbone”) + -o-.

af

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the clavicle.


under-

From Middle English under-, from Old English under-, from Proto-Germanic *under, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥dʰér (“lower”) and *n̥tér (“inside”). For more, see under.

թեր-

under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently

e.g. underground, underneath, underpass

e.g. understand, undergo, underbear, undertake

(figurative) To go from one side to the other; to progress along a path

e.g. underadditive, underage, underbound

e.g. underapply, underbill, underawe

Deficient, below what is correct, insufficient

e.g. undersecretary, underling, underclass


trito-

From Ancient Greek τρίτος (trítos, “third (of three or more)”).


haplo-

Combining form from Ancient Greek ἁπλόος (haplóos, “single, simple”).

der

haplodepletion, haplodiploid, haplosis

(genetics) Haploid: having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.

haplography is misspelling a word by omitting a repeated letter (e.g. mispell) is the omission of a repeated syllable, haplology; a haplosegment is a segment of a millipede body that has half as many legs as the diplosegment parts of the body.

Un-duplicating: where there was two identical copies, deleting the redundant copy. Analogy to haploid in genetics.

haploceratid, haplodont, haplostele

haploscope, haploid, haplometrosis

haploperox, haploxeralf, haploxeroll

(soil science) Haplic: soil that is typical of its kind.


organo-

(chemistry, forms adjectives and nouns, sometimes hyphenated) compounds in which an organic group is attached to an inorganic element or grouping


myco-

From Ancient Greek μύκης (múkēs, “mushroom or other fungus”) + -o-.

af

mycology, mycosis


dwi-

(chemistry, dated) A designation prefix for undiscovered chemical elements lying two periods under a known element in the periodic table. (For example, rhenium was called dwi-manganese before its discovery in 1925.)


eu-

From Ancient Greek εὖ (eû, “well, good”).


hypo-

From Ancient Greek ὑπο- (hupo-), combining form of ὑπό (hupó, “under”). Doublet of sub-.
Etymology tree
Ancient Greek ὑπο- (hupo-)der.
English hypo-

etymon

(chemistry) Designating oxoacid and oxyanions with a low amount of oxygen.

(music, of a mode) Having a range which extends from a perfect fourth below the tonic to a perfect fifth above.


ultra-

Greater than normal quantity or importance, as in ultrasecret.

свръх

greater than normal quantity or importance

Beyond, on the far side of, as in ultraviolet.

In order to grant the rich these pleasures, the social contract is reconfigured. […] The public realm is privatised, the regulations restraining the ultra-wealthy and the companies they control are abandoned, and Edwardian levels of inequality are almost fetishised.

2013 May 17, George Monbiot, “Money just makes the rich suffer”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 23, page 19:

Excessively, to an extreme, as in ultramicroscopic, ultra-careful.

(augmentative) intensely, extremely, or exceptional


crypto-

From Ancient Greek κρυπτός (kruptós, “hidden, secret”).

der

crypto- + crystalline → cryptocrystalline (“whose crystalline nature only becomes apparent at high levels of magnification”)

crypto- + zoology → cryptozoology (“the study of animals whose existence has not been proven”)

crypto- + fascist → cryptofascist

crypto- + -lect → cryptolect (“a secret language”)

crypto- + function → cryptofunction

crypto- + variable → cryptovariable

Relating to cryptography, the study of secret communication.

crypto- + asset → cryptoasset

crypto- + collectible → cryptocollectible


be-

From Middle English be-, bi-, from Old English be- (“be-”), from Proto-Germanic *bi- (“be-”), from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near, by”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi (“at, near”). See by.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian bi- (“be-”), West Frisian be- (“be-”), Dutch be- (“be-”), German Low German be- (“be-”), German be- (“be-”), Danish be- (“be-”), Swedish be- (“be-”). More at by.

beleaguer, bestand, beset, besit

(rare or no longer productive) By, near, next to, around, close to.

begather, belay, belook, bestir, belive, besmell, bewrap

(rare or no longer productive) Around; about.

bewrite, betalk, betell, belie, bemoan, bemourn, bewail, beknow, besing, bespeak

(rare or no longer productive) About, regarding, concerning, over.

beclothe, becall, besee, behold, befall, bedo, beshine, besmile, betone

(rare or no longer productive) On, upon, at, to, in contact with something.

becut, bedeal, betake, bego, behead, belimb, benim, bereave, besleeve, betrunk

(rare or no longer productive) Off, away, over, across

bebreak, begladden, belabour, behate, besmirch, bedazzle

(rare or no longer productive) As an intensifier; i.e. thoroughly, excessively; completely; utterly.

belave, belick, bescatter, bekiss

(rare or no longer productive) All around; about; abundantly; all over.

becalm, bedark, befree, befriend, bedim, beken, benight, benothing, bewet, besmooth, bestrange

(rare or no longer productive) Forming verbs derived from nouns or adjectives, usually with the sense of "to make, become, or cause to be".

besequined, befeathered, beclawed, bewebbed, betasseled, beloved

Similarly, one could argue that if these be-tattooed yogic folk were really so spiritual, they wouldn't feel the need to inform everyone else of this or remind themselves of it, via the medium of the tattoo.

2010 October 17, Hadley Freeman, “Tattoos: what makes one spiritual and another Katona-esque?”, in The Guardian:

(archaic or informal) Used to intensify adjectives meaning "adorned with something", often those with the suffix -ed.


cortico-

cortex, usually the adrenal cortex or the cerebral cortex.


or-

From Middle English or-, from Old English or- (“or-”), from Proto-West Germanic *oʀ-, *uʀ-, from Proto-Germanic *uz- (“out”), from Proto-Indo-European *uds- (“up, out”). Cognate with West Frisian oar-, Dutch oor-/oer-, German ur-, Gothic 𐌿𐍃- (us-). Identical with Old English ā- (“a-”), and the German borrowing English ur-. More at a-.

ordalian, ordeal, orlay, ort

(no longer productive) From the outset; original; out; out of; without.


physio-

From Ancient Greek φύσις (phúsis, “nature”).


Italo-

Italo- + -phile → Italophile

Italo- + Austrian → Italo-Austrian


ovo-

This being just at the height of the culte de la mayonnaise then sweeping Belgium, oversize exhibits of the ovoöleaginous emulsion were to be encountered at every hand.

2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage 2007, p. 611: [cf. oleaginous]


schizo-

From Ancient Greek σχίζω (skhízō, “I split”). Doublet of shit and shite.


gynaeco-

From Ancient Greek γυναικός (gunaikós), genitive of γυνή (gunḗ).


gamo-

Combining form of Ancient Greek γάμος (gámos).

e.g. gamomania, gamophobia

e.g. gamodeme, gamogenesis, gamophyte

e.g. gamopetalous, gamosepalous, gamophyllous


war-

From the 1983 movie WarGames, which featured war-dialing.

Relating to gaining access to network resources, such as Wi-Fi, by locating and exploiting unprotected access addresses.


petro-

* From Latin petra (“stone, rock”), from Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra, “stone, rock”).
* Clipping of petroleum.

(neologism) oil export, sometimes as a source of funding


ent-

Steviol is ent-13-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oic acid.


C-

Chinese; used to denote nouns relating to the (popular) culture of China.


she-

hun

the prefix she- for a female animal or a woman


cross-

From Middle English cros-, crosse- (“relating to a cross, forming a cross, in the shape of a cross or x”), from the noun (see cross) and also from across.

e.g. crossbody, crossbuck, cross-stitch

Shaped like a cross or X; crossing lines.

e.g. crossbedding, crossband, crossmember

. See visuals for difference between crossband and crossbuck.

e.g. crossfeed as the process of blending the left and right channels of a stereo recording, crossfader, cross-link

Moving from one side to the other; across.

(figurative) Moving from one track or state to another.

e.g. crosstown, cross-cousin, cross-ratio

e.g. crossfield, cross-city. When used for a rectangular space, this movement is typically diagonal, such as in crossbelt and crosscourt.

e.g. crossflow, cross-beat, cross-vote

Moving or acting against, opposing, contrary.

e.g. cross-passage, cross-tunnel, crossfire

Located in between. Often, but not necessarily, forming an H-shaped structure.

e.g. crossbreak, crosspost, crosscurrent

The room was a cross-mixture of voices.
"Come in Kelly 4.[…]"
"Come in Stanhope.[…]"
"Evans 9. Confirm.[…]"

1967 May, William F. Nolan, George Clayton Johnson, Logan's Run, Bantam, published 1976, →ISBN, page 14:

More than one, often in indicating applicability to several domains that are usually separate.

Involving two or more at the same time; coincident.

e.g. crossdate, crossvalidated, crosscovariance

Comparing two sources of information, often to verify their contents.

e.g. crossbreed, cross-pollinate, crosslinear

To combine two entities to create a hybrid.

e.g. crosslingual, cross-browser, crossfunctional, cross-cultural

e.g. crosstalk, crossrepression, crosscalibration, cross-progress

Mutual exchange or influence, where both entities are affected in the same way. Mutuality.

tras-

expressing mutuality or exchange; switch

e.g. crossregulation, crossfeed, crossprotection

To crossfeed as to supply one fuel tank of an aircraft with fuel from another. To crossregulate is when one metabolic pathway is regulated by the enzymes in another pathway. These are one-way influences, whereas the previous sense of mutuality has symmetric two-way influences; e.g. crossrepression is mutual repression of interacting systems.

One entity affecting a similar entity, such as to transfer of one property from one entity to the other.

e.g. cross-tune, cross-birth, cross-live


haemato-

Representing the combining form of Ancient Greek αἷμα (haîma, “blood”).

Back in the late ’90s, when vampirism became fashionable owing to the international popularity of the novel Dracula … A subcircuit of the Buda-Pesth telephone exchange had apparently been reserved for the use of hæmatophages, as they were then known

2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage 2007, p. 801: [compare -phage]


n-

(organic chemistry) normal-form of a functional group (or molecule), being the long-chain form (unbranched chain)


idio-

Representing a combining form of Ancient Greek ἴδιος (ídios, “own, personal, distinct”).

idio-

individuality, peculiarity or separateness


entomo-

Combining form of Ancient Greek ἔντομον (éntomon, “insect”).


Luso-

From Latin Lūsitānia (“Ancient Roman province comprising most of modern Portugal and part of Spain”).

uder

Relating to Portugal or the Portuguese people, language, or culture.


thia-

Used to form the names of chemical compounds containing sulfur, especially where a sulfur atom replaces an oxygen atom in an analogous compound


chromato-

From Ancient Greek χρῶμα (khrôma, “color”).


immuno-

Relating to the immune systems and processes in a living organism.


hapto-

(chemistry, biology) attachment or binding; adhesion


laparo-

Combining form of Ancient Greek λαπάρα (lapára, “flank”), from λαπαρός (laparós, “slack, weak, hollow”).


chiro-

From New Latin chiro-, from Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír, “hand”).

chireme; chirogram


bur-

From Old English burh (“fortified place”).

Placename prefix, indicated site of a fortified place.


up-

From Middle English up-, from Old English ūp- (“up-”), from ūp (“up, from above”). Cognate with Dutch op- (“up-”), German auf- (“up-”). More at up.

Over time the engine's power was uprated.

The uptake of tickets increased dramatically after the favorable review.

Used to indicate higher position or direction, literally or figuratively.


bin-

Alternative form of bi- (sometimes used before a vowel)


peroxy-

(chemistry) Used to name compounds containing the divalent peroxy -O-O- radical

perossi-

prefix used to name compounds containing the divalent peroxy -O-O- radical


tetrakis-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek τετράκις (tetrákis, “four times”).

bor

(mathematics) Synonym of tetra- used for multiplication with a second numerical prefix.

tetrakisazobenzine

(chemistry, obsolete) Synonym of tetra- used before vowels.

tetrakis-(trichloromethyl)-benzene, benzene with four trichloromethyl groups attached

tetrakis-hydroxymethyl~phosphonium chloride

tetrakis(methylthio)methane, (MeS)₄C

tetrakis(p-dimethylaminophenyl)hydrazine

(chemistry) Synonym of tetra- used for substitutions of four complex rather than simple units, as in


down-

From Middle English down-, doun-, dun-, from Old English dūne- (“down-”), from dūne (“down, downward”). More at down.

Those bonds have been downrated.

The end of the ride was a long coast downhill.

Lower position or direction, literally or figuratively.

I tried to downplay the importance of the scandal.


anthro-

(nonstandard) Alternative form of anthropo-


spectro-

spektro-

forming words relating to optical spectra


abs-

Alternative form of ab-; away from; from; outside of.


aniso-

Representing a combining form of Ancient Greek ἄνισος (ánisos, “unequal”), equivalent to an- + iso-.

uder

unequal; not the same; not the selfsame: forming compounds words; often formed to contrast with similar words in iso-).


hyps-

From Ancient Greek ὕψος (húpsos, “height”).


hyps-

From Ancient Greek ὕψι (húpsi, “aloft, on high, on the high seas”).


hypso-

hypsarrhythmia is the electroencephalographic features of random high-voltage slow waves and spikes seen in patients with infantile spasms, hypsodont is describing teeth that have tall crowns, hypsicephalic is having a high (tall) forehead

hypsophobia is fear of heights, hypsophyll is any of the flower parts derived from high leaves, including petals, sepals, tepals, and bracts, hypsophonous is having a high voice

hypsochromic is of a change in the position of a spectral band, to a higher frequency, Hypsibema is a species thought to have walked on erect toes.


hypso-

hypsography is the measurement of altitude or depth versus area, hypsometer is an instrument that measures altitude indirectly by measuring the boiling point of water (which varies with atmospheric pressure), hypsometry is the measurement of elevation relative to sea level.

Altitude or elevation; aloft, from on high.


onycho-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux).

(anatomy, medicine) Nail: Relating to fingernails, toenails, or homologous structures such as claws or hooves.


Mc-

A patronymic used to form common Irish and Scottish names, similar to the English -son.

Mc- + shit → McShit

Mc- + stupid → McStupid

"Nyah-nyah!" they all shouted. "Your name's not McCloy! You're Gerald McBoing Boing, the noise-making boy!'

1950 Gerald McBoing Boing (cartoon short)

His body is lean.
His feet aren't clean.
His mouth is real mean
When he's on the scene,
But all the time you hear the women really yellin' his name: Filthy McNasty.

1968 Eddie Jefferson "Filthy McNasty" (lyrics for a 1961 instrumental of the same name by Horace Silver)

Alternatively, one may make the example a bit sharper by discussing a being, call him 'McStupid', that always knows who he is, but knows nothing else.

2005, Daniel J. Hill, Divinity and Maximal Greatness, Routledge, →ISBN, page 44:

I bet Thomas McSmart-arse makes some dumb comment about my nose-ring.

2006, Brigid Lowry, Guitar Highway Rose, Macmillan, →ISBN, page 29:

And when she's not at the Law Review office, she's out with her goddamn Law Review friends. Goddamn Art McAsshole and goddamn Lisa Von- Bitchypants and the worst — the very worst — is that goddamn Charlotte Sidwell.

2007, Martha Kimes, Ivy Briefs: True Tales of a Neurotic Law Student, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN, page 173:

(often derogatory) Used in combination with a non-name descriptive word to form mock names.

Coordinate term: (Apple) i-

Mc- + griddle → McGriddle

Mc- + muffin → McMuffin

Mc- + rib → McRib

Mc- + café → McCafé

(business) Used to form the name of McDonald's products.

Mc- + car → McCar

Mc- + church → McChurch

Mc- + job → McJob

Mc- + mansion → McMansion

Sesame Street is "McEducation." Like things served by the golden arches, Sesame Street has at once elevated the dregs and lowered the quality to mediocrity

1983 Wallace Marx, "It's Not How Long You Make It," New York Magazine, Vol. 16, No. 50 (19 Dec 1983), p11

Two years of hard work wiped out by one of your 2 minute McSessions!

1995 Christopher Lloyd, Linda Morris & Vic Rauseo, "Dark Victory," Frasier, Season 2, Episode 24 (aired 23rd May 1995), spoken by Niles Crane (played by David Hyde Pierce)

Some of the techniques have been imported from the United States, but Britain's tight political and media village is now the European market leader in this kind of McPolitics.

2003, Anthony Wright, British politics: a very short introduction, Oxford University Press, page 35:

(by extension, derogatory) Indicating a lack of depth or worth, by association with McDonald's.

Mc- + nuke → McNuke

(by extension, derogatory, humorous) Indicating an increase in availability or an increase in consumerism causing items to be more readily available.


AH

(US, military, aviation) prefix for attack helicopter, helicopter gunship designations


ideo-

Representing a combining form of Ancient Greek ἰδέα (idéa, “form, semblance”).


cyno-

Combining form of Ancient Greek κύων (kúōn, “dog”). Cf. cynic.


pharmaco-

From Ancient Greek φάρμακον (phármakon, “drug”).


tropho-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek τροφή (trophḗ, “nourishment”).

bor

(biology, medicine, zoology) nourish; nourishment.


morpho-

Representing combining form of Ancient Greek μορφή (morphḗ, “form”).


sero-

combining form of serum now often used in reference to HIV or other viruses in the blood


ker-

Now stands in for a thud. Originally Scots, possibly continuing Scottish Gaelic car (“somewhat”), cognate with Irish cor, English char, Dutch keer (“time, turn, occasion”), German Kehre (“turn, bight, bend”), Greek γύρος (gýros, “bout, whirl”), gyre. Early uses were often collocated with went.

[The book] has suspense, pathos, bravery, and the bad guys get it in the end with a big KERWHAM! http://www.amazon.com/review/R3TF8Z741367CL

(often humorous) Used to form various onomatopoeias imitating the effect or sound of a heavy object falling.


myel-

From Ancient Greek μυελός (muelós, “marrow”).


sidero-

From Latin sīdus, sideris, ("constellation").

Related to stars or constellations, as sidereal relationships.


sidero-

From Ancient Greek σίδηρος (sídēros, “iron”).

Related to iron or steel, as in siderosis (fibrosis caused by iron deposits)


myelo-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek μυελός (muelós, “marrow”).

myelosuppression; myelodysplasia

(anatomy, biology, medicine) Bone marrow.

myelomeningocele; myelomeningitis

(anatomy, biology, medicine) Spinal cord.


entero-

From New Latin entero-, combining form from Ancient Greek ἔντερον (énteron, “intestine”).

der

(medicine) relating specifically to the small intestine.


dasy-

From Ancient Greek δασύς (dasús, “hairy”).

hairy, shaggy, dense, used in compound words


turbo-

From turbine, from Latin turbo (“spinning top”).


XP

Combination of prefix P and prefix modifier X.

(aviation, military, obsolete, US) eXperimental, Pursuit, fighter (prefix)


etho-

ethogram; ethospecies

Relating to essential character and behavior patterns.


ochl-

From Ancient Greek ὄχλος (ókhlos, “mob”).


enter-

From French entre, from Latin inter. Doublet of inter-.

entermewer, enterclose, enterfere

(obsolete) Between, in the process of, intermediate; inter-.


enter-

New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek ἔντερον (énteron, “intestine”).

enterally, enteralgia, enterectomy

Alternative form of entero- Before a vowel.


mechano-

involving the use of machines or mechanisms


cata-

From Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “downwards”).


great-

From Middle English gret- (“great-”), from gret (“great”). More at great.

great-uncle (an uncle of one's mother or father)

great-grandfather (the father of one's grandfather)

great-great-grandfather (a grandfather of one's grandfather)

great-great-great-grandfather, etc.

(informal) fourth-great-granduncle, etc. (same as great-great-great-great-granduncle)

(informal) fourth-great-grandfather, etc. (same as great-great-great-great-grandfather)

With familial designations, used to denote a removal of one generation


hystero-

From Ancient Greek ὑστέρᾱ (hustérā, “the womb”).


hystero-

From Ancient Greek ὕστερος (hústeros, “higher, outer”).


rhin-

(used before a vowel) Alternative form of rhino-.


kinesi-

From Ancient Greek κίνησις (kínēsis, “movement, motion”).

movement, especially the movement of human body parts.


phyco-

From combining form of Ancient Greek φῦκος (phûkos, “seaweed”).


dimethylimidazol-

(chemistry) Dimethylimidazole, within a larger chemical formula


benz-

(organic chemistry) Alternative form of benzo-.


half-

From Middle English half-, from Old English healf-, from Proto-Germanic *halba- (“half-”), from *halbaz (“half”). Cognate with Dutch half- (“half-”), German halb- (“half-”), Swedish halv- (“half-”), Icelandic hálf- (“half-”). More at half.

Used before brother, sister, uncle, aunt, and so forth, to indicate that the person being identified is related only through one parent, grandparent, and so forth, rather than two.


mit-

Alternative form of mito-, used before a vowel.


lip-

Alternative form of lipo- (before a vowel)


audio-

From the root audi of Latin audiō (“I hear; I listen”) + -o-.
Cognates include Proto-Germanic *awiz (“obvious”), Sanskrit आविस् (āvís, “manifestly, evidently”) and Ancient Greek αἰσθάνομαι (aisthánomai, “perceive, notice”) whence English aesthetic.


with-

From Middle English with-, from Old English wiþ- (“against, away”, prefix), from Proto-West Germanic *wiþi-, from Proto-Germanic *wiþi- (“counter-, anti-, gain-, with-”), related to Old English wiþ (“with, by, near, against, beside, at, through, for, in return, opposite, towards, to”, preposition). Cognate with Old Frisian with-, Old Saxon with-, Danish ved-, Swedish vid-, Faroese við-, Icelandic við-. Related also to English wither-, and Dutch weder- (“back”), German wider- (“against”), German wieder- (“again”). More at with.

cog

withfight, withstand, withset, withsay, withspeak

Prefix meaning "against", "in opposition to".

withbuy, withcall, withdraw, withdrive, withgive, withhold, withturn

Prefix meaning "back", "back around", "in reverse", "in return".

withbear, withgive, withgo, withhang, withsave, withseek

Prefix meaning "off", "out", "away", "from".

withgang, withjoin, withtake

Prefix meaning "with", "along with", "together (with)".


platy-

From Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús, “flat”).

flat; especially, relatively flat but wide


pheno-

# From Ancient Greek φαίνω (phaínō, “to bring to light, make appear; to come to light, appear”). Compare -phan in such words as tryptophan.
# From phenyl + -o-.

der

phenotype

phenol, phenobarbital

(organic chemistry) Derived from benzene or containing phenyl.


where-

of → whereof (“of which, of what, of whom”)

Which, what, whom: compounded with prepositions to form compound relative and interrogative pronouns.


thrombo-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Greek the Ancient Greek θρόμβος (thrómbos, “lump”, “piece”, “blood clot”, “milk curd”).

uder

(chiefly pathology and chemistry) thrombus


klepto-

Representing a combining form of Ancient Greek κλέπτης (kléptēs, “thief”), κλέπτω (kléptō, “steal”), from Proto-Indo-European *klep- (“to steal”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌹𐍆𐌰𐌽 (hlifan, “to steal”), Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌹𐍆𐍄𐌿𐍃 (hliftus, “thief”).


api-

api- + -phobia → apiphobia (“the fear of bees”)

api- + puncture → apipuncture (“the sting of a bee, as a supposed therapy”)

Forming terms related to bees or honeybees.


lepido-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek λεπίς, λεπίδος (lepís, lepídos, “scale”).

lbor

λεπίς, λεπίδος


levo-

dextro-

antonym(s) of “denoting a levorotatory form”

levorotatory

levofloxacin, levoglucose

(chemistry) Denoting a levorotatory form of an enantiomer.


dextro-

levo-

antonym(s) of “denoting a dextrorotatory form”

dextroelevation, dextroposition, dextrosinistral

dextroamphetamine, dextropropoxyphene

(chemistry) Denoting a dextrorotatory form of an enantiomer.


rhodo-

From Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon, “rose”).


off-

From Middle English of-, from Old English of-, æf- (“off, away, down, un-”), from Proto-Germanic *aba- (“off, away”), from Proto-Indo-European *apo- (“off, away”). Cognate with Dutch af- (“off, away, down”), German ab- (“off, from, down”), Latin ab- (“from, of”), Ancient Greek ἀπο- (apo-, “away from, without”). Doublet of apo- and ab-.


logo-

From Ancient Greek λόγος (lógos, “word, speech”).


maxillo-

(anatomy) Of or relating to the maxilla (jaw).


ophid-

From Ancient Greek ὄφις (óphis, “snake”).


myrmeco-

From Ancient Greek μύρμηκος (múrmēkos, “ant’s”), genitive of μύρμηξ (múrmēx, “ant”). Doublet of the obsolete term mire.


methyl-

(organic chemistry) Used to form terms describing the attachment of a methyl group

methyl-

prefix used to form terms describing the attachment of a methyl group


pentakis-

(mathematics) A variant of penta-, used for multiplication with a second numerical prefix.

(chemistry) A variant of penta-, used for substitutions of five complex rather than simple units: pentakis(phenylthio)pyridine, or to distinguish five simple substituents from a single polymer of five units


octakis-

From Ancient Greek ὀκτάκις (oktákis, “eight times”).

bor

(mathematics) A variant of octo-, used for multiplication with a second numerical prefix: octakishexahedron

(chemistry) A variant of octo-, used for substitutions of eight complex rather than simple units: octakis(dimethylamino)tetraphosphonitrile

a solid figure contained by 48 scalene triangles


tris-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek τρις (tris, “thrice”).

(chemistry, obsolete) A variant of tri- used to indicate that the component that does not take the prefix occurs three times in the compound: trisphosphuret of copper is PCu₃; trisbenzeneazoresorcinol, C₆H(OH)₂(N₂Ph)₃.

trisbenzene-azophenol, C₆H₂(N:NC₆H₅)₃OH

tristhio-dimethyl-benzaldehyde, {C₆H₃(CH₃)₂CHS}₃

(chemistry) A variant of tri-, used for substitutions of three complex rather than simple units, as in,


decakis-

(mathematics) A variant of deca-, used for multiplication with a second numerical prefix

(chemistry) A variant of deca-, used for substitutions of ten complex rather than simple units: decakis(dichloromethyl)biphenyl


heptakis-

From Ancient Greek ἑπτάκις (heptákis, “seven times”).

der

(mathematics) A variant of hepta-, used for multiplication with a second numerical prefix.

heptakis-(3-O-methyl-2,6-di-O-pentyl)-β-cyclodextrin

(chemistry) A variant of hepta-, used for substitutions of seven complex rather than simple units.


hexakis-

From Ancient Greek ἑξάκις (hexákis, “six times”).

uder

a solid figure contained by 24 scalene triangles

(mathematics) A variant of hexa-, used for multiplication with a second numerical prefix.

(chemistry) A variant of hexa-, used for substitutions of six complex rather than simple units.


bis-

An occasional variant of bi- prefixed to roots beginning with a vowel, as in bisalternate

(chemistry, obsolete) A variant of di- used to indicate that the component that does not take the prefix occurs twice in the compound: a bisoxide is of the form B₂O (cf. dioxide for XO₂)

Bis (η⁶-arene) metal complexes have been made for many transition metals by the Al/AlCl₃ reduction method.

(mathematics, chemistry) A variant of di-, used for substitutions of two complex rather than simple units.


bel-

From Middle English bel (“fair, excellent"; in compounds "great-, grand-”), from Anglo-Norman bel, Old French bel (“beautiful, noble, honorable”).

der

belchild (“grandchild”)

beldame (“grandmother”)

belsire (“grandfather”)

(obsolete, no longer productive) A prefix equivalent to grand-


gain-

From Middle English gain- (prefix), from Old English geġn-, gēan- (“back, against, in return”, prefix), from Proto-West Germanic *gagin, from Proto-Germanic *gagin (“towards, against”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian juun- (“counter-”), West Frisian tsjin- (“counter-”), Dutch tegen- (“counter-”), German gegen- (“against, toward, at”), Icelandic gagn- (“through”). More at again.

inh

gainsay, gainstand, gainstay, gainstrive

Prefix meaning "against", "contrary to", "in opposition to", "counter-".

gainclap, gaingive, gainyield

Prefix denoting reciprocal action; "in return"; "counter-".

gainbuy, gaincover, gaintake

Prefix denoting restoration or a return to a previous state; "back again".

gainrising, gaincoming

Prefix denoting repetition; "over again"; "anew"; again-.


hist-

histamine

Alternative form of histo- used before vowels.


porno-

From πορν- (porn-), the stem of the Ancient Greek πόρνη (pórnē, “prostitute”). Sense 2 from porno(graphy) and porno(grapher), both ultimately also from πόρνη (pórnē, “prostitute”).

der

(now rarely productive) Relating to prostitutes or prostitution.

Relating to, or constituting, pornography.


crono-

From Ancient Greek Κρόνος (Krónos, “Cronus”).


crono-

Obsolete form of chrono- (“relating to time”).


algo-

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ἄλγος (álgos).

algo- + -genic → algogenic


algo-

algo- + therapy → algotherapy


kerauno-

From Ancient Greek κεραυνός (keraunós, “lightning, thunderbolt”).


anemo-

From Ancient Greek ἄνεμος (ánemos, “wind”).


scia-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek σκῐά (skiá, “shade”).


carcino-

From Ancient Greek καρκίνος (karkínos, “crab”).


noso-

From Ancient Greek νοσο- (noso-, “disease”), combining form of νόσος (nósos, “disease”).

disease, sickness

2015, “noso-, nos-, nosero-, noser-, -nosia, -nosis, -noses, -nosus, nosema-”, in Robertson's words for a modern age: a dictionary of English vocabulary words derived primarily from Latin and Greek sources, presented individually and in family units, Senior Scribe Publications, retrieved 2015-03-25:


pedo-

From Ancient Greek παῖς (paîs, “child”).


pedo-

From Ancient Greek πέδον (pédon, “ground”).


karyo-

From Ancient Greek κάρυον (káruon, “kernel”).


aza-

Derived from shortening the word azote (“nitrogen”).

(organic chemistry) Used to form names of organic compounds where a carbon atom is replaced by a nitrogen atom.


alk-

(organic chemistry) Used to form classification names for classes of organic compounds which contain a carbon skeleton but no aromatic rings. See e.g. alkyl, alkane.


prop-

By false splitting from propionic or directly from French propionique. Ultimately from Ancient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos, “first”) and πίων (píōn, “fat”).

(organic chemistry) Denoting the presence of 3 carbon atoms in the parent chain when forming names of organic compounds.


eth-

From ethyl. Ultimately from Ancient Greek αἰθήρ (aithḗr, “ether”).

(organic chemistry) Used as a combining form to denote the presence of 2 carbon atoms in the parent chain when forming names of organic compounds.


but-

From butyl. Ultimately from Ancient Greek βούτυρος (boúturos, “butter”).

(organic chemistry) Denotes the presence of four carbon atoms in the parent chain when forming names of organic compounds.


ar-

Potassium permanganate oxidizes ac-tetrahydronaphtylamine to o-hydrocinnam-carboxylic acid (p. 245); ar-tetrahydronaphthylamine, however, because of the oxidation of its amided benzene nucleus, is changed to adipic acid together with oxalic acid (B. 22, 767): […]

1900, Edgar Fahs Smith (English translator), R. Anschütz (German editor), Victor von Richter's Organic Chemistry: or, Chemistry of the Carbon Compounds, Third American Edition, Volume II, P. Blakiston's Son & Co., page 393

ar-Tetrahydro-α-carbamidonaphthalene, C₁₁H₁₄ON₂, crystallized in square plates from alc., soften at 198° and melts at about 206° (quickly heated, at 212°).

1919 January 10, C. J. West, abstract of G. Schroeter and K. Thomas, “Transformation of tetrahydronaphthalene (tetralin) in the animal body”; in American Chemical Society, Chemical Abstracts, Volume 13, Number 1, page 43

1-Naphthylamine is reduced by sodium and isopentanol to ar'''-tetrahydro-1-naphthylamine; the prefix ar- is the abbreviation of aromatic and indicates that the four hydrogen atoms are not in the ring containing the amino-group: […]

2006, Amit Arora, Aromatic Organic Chemistry, Discovery Publishing House, published 2007, →ISBN, page 173:

organic compounds
organic compounds#English

(organic chemistry) Forming classification names for classes of organic compounds that contain a carbon skeleton and one or more aromatic rings.


ar-

Shortened from area (because the function describes the area under a hyperbola), by analogy with arc-, the corresponding prefix for the circular trigonometric functions.

(mathematics, trigonometry) Used to form the names of inverse hyperbolic trigonometric functions, and the symbols for these functions.


butyro-

/ˈbjuːtɪɹəʊ/

Combining form of Latin būtȳrum (“butter”).


hectokilo-

(obsolete) In the metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 100,000. Symbol: hk


rhizo-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ῥίζα (rhíza, “root”).


dendr-

From Ancient Greek δένδρον (déndron, “tree”).

Used to form words concerning trees or branching


calli-

From Ancient Greek κάλλος (kállos, “beauty”).


archae-

From Ancient Greek ἀρχαῖος (arkhaîos, “ancient”, “primitive”), from ἀρχή (arkhḗ, “beginning”).

uder

ancient; antediluvian; archaic; old; prehistoric; primitive


speleo-

From Ancient Greek σπήλαιον (spḗlaion, “cave”).


carpo-

Combining form of Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós, “wrist”).

(chiefly medicine) carpus (wrist) or hand.


carpo-

Combining form of Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós, “fruit”).


chryso-

From Ancient Greek χρυσός (khrusós, “gold”).


ceno-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek καινός (kainós, “new, recent”).

Cenozoic


tropo-

From Ancient Greek τρόπος (trópos, “turn, way, manner, style”).

Characterized by or related to turning motion.


anarcho-

Combining form of anarchist, anarchism + -o-.


cine-

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek κῑνέω (kīnéō, “to move”). Compare kine-.


maxi-

Back-formation from maximum on the analogy of minimum and mini-, ultimately from Latin maximus (“large”).

Denotes a larger than usual version of an item.


clado-

From Ancient Greek κλάδος (kládos, “shoot, branch”).


dex-

(in the names of some pharmaceutical drugs) Alternative form of dextro-; denoting a dextrorotatory form.


clino-

From Ancient Greek κλίνω (klínō, “to lean”).


cef-

cefalosporanic acid
cefalosporanic acid#English

(pharmacology) Used to form names of cefalosporanic acid derivative used as antibiotics.


colpo-

From Ancient Greek κόλπος (kólpos, “any hollow space; womb”).


parthen-

From Ancient Greek παρθένος (parthénos, “virgin”).

uder

(botany and biology) absence of fertilisation, asexual reproduction


leuko-

From Ancient Greek λευκός (leukós, “white”).

leuko- + -emia → leukemia

leuko- + -penia → leukopenia


dermato-

dermal: dermis, but also often, broadly, skin or epidermis.


desmo-

From Ancient Greek δεσμός (desmós, “band, connection”).


echino-

From combining form of Ancient Greek ἐχῖνος (ekhînos, “hedgehog”).

der

(chiefly zoology) Forming compound terms denoting something prickly or, specifically, indicating the sea urchin.


econo-

She bought the econo-brand groceries instead of the name brand ones.


Nilo-

Nilo-Saharan

Nilo-Hamitic

(linguistics) Of or pertaining to the Nile.


enantio-

/ɛˌnæntɪˈəʊ/

From the Ancient Greek ἐναντίος (enantíos, “opposite”).


Tibeto-

Tibeto-Burman

Tibeto-Buddhist

Tibeto-Himalayan


erythro-

From Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós, “red”).

Used to form scientific terms meaning red, or showing a relationship to red blood cells.


eroto-

From Ancient Greek ἔρως, ἔρωτος (érōs, érōtos, “love”).

der

ἔρως, ἔρωτος

Used to form terms related to sexual desire.

éroto-

used to form terms related to sexual desire


phago-

From Byzantine Greek φᾰγ- (phag-), perfective stem of ἔφᾰγον (éphagon, “I ate, I devoured”), singular first-person aorist active indicative form (by suppletion) of ἐσθῐ́ω (esthíō, “to eat, devour, consume”).

(physiology) Of or pertaining to the phagocyte.


aden-

Alternative form of adeno-, used before vowels.


adeno-

From Ancient Greek ἀδήν (adḗn, “gland”).


⠰⠛ -ong, ⠰⠇ -ful, ⠰⠞ -ment, ⠰⠑ -ence, ⠰⠎ -ness, ⠰⠝ -tion, ⠰⠽ -ity

Marks various letter sequences that are common at the ends of words:


α ⠂⠁, β ⠂⠃, γ ⠂⠛, δ ⠂⠙, ε ⠂⠑, ζ ⠂⠵, η ⠂⠱, θ ⠂⠹, ι ⠂⠊, κ ⠂⠅, λ ⠂⠇, μ ⠂⠍, ν ⠂⠝, ξ ⠂⠭, ο ⠂⠕, π ⠂⠏, ρ ⠂⠗, σ ⠂⠎, τ ⠂⠞, υ ⠂⠥, φ ⠂⠋, χ ⠂⠯, ψ ⠂⠽, ω ⠂⠺

Marks non-Latin letters, such as the following for International Greek Braille:


⠐⠓ here, ⠐⠮ there, ⠐⠱ where, ⠐⠑ ever, ⠐⠳ ought, ⠐⠋ father, ⠐⠍ mother, ⠐⠝ name, ⠐⠡ character, ⠐⠟ question, ⠐⠅ know, ⠐⠇ lord, ⠐⠕ one, ⠐⠙ day, ⠐⠎ some, ⠐⠏ part, ⠐⠞ time, ⠐⠗ right, ⠐⠹ through, ⠐⠥ under, ⠐⠺ work, ⠐⠽ young


fungi-

Borrowed from Latin fungi, the nominative plural of fungus.


galvano-

Synonym of electro-, particularly with regard to bioelectricity and some specific applications.


geronto-

From Ancient Greek γέρων (gérōn, “old man”).

Pertaining to old age or elderly people.


glotto-

Learned borrowing from Attic Greek γλωττο- (glōtto-) from the Ancient Greek γλῶττα (glôtta, “tongue”), Attic form of γλῶσσα (glôssa).

lbor

glotto- + -phobia → glottophobia


gonio-

From Ancient Greek γωνία (gōnía, “angle”).

He had turn’d the same covetous Angles as the Welshman,– tho’ perhaps never as many, for Shelby seem’d seiz’d with Goniolatry, or the Worship of Angles, defining tracts of virgin Land by as many of these exhilarating Instrumental Sweeps, as possible.

1997, Thomas Pynchon, Mason & Dixon, New York: Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 587:


icono-

Equivalent to icon + -o-. From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn), as in terms such as εἰκονοκλάστης (eikonoklástēs).

Forms terms relating to images or to icons


iatro-

From Ancient Greek ῑ̓ᾱτρο- (īātro-), combining form of ἰατρός (iatrós, “doctor”).


intro-

From Latin intro- (“inwards”), from intro (“inward, inwards”), q.v.

introverted: self-involved, turned within the self


bucco-

From buccal, from Latin bucca (“mouth; cheek”).

(anatomy, medicine, dentistry) buccal; related to the cheek.

(anatomy, medicine, dentistry) (rarely; historically) oral; related to the mouth, especially the oral cavity.


leuco-

Alternative spelling of leuko- (“white; colourless; leucocyte”)


malaco-

From Ancient Greek μαλακός (malakós, “soft”), the word that French mollusque (“mollusk”), originally from Latin mollis (“soft”) was meant to be a calque of.

(biology) Forms terms relating to molluscs.

malacoid ― soft-bodied


meno-

From Ancient Greek μείς, μηνός (meís, mēnós, “month”).


sous-

sousveillance, souterrain, sous-vide

sous-chef, sous-prefect, sous-lieutenant


olig-

Alternative form of oligo-, used before a vowel.


narco-

From Ancient Greek ναρκόω (narkóō, “I put to sleep”); in terms relating to drugs, it is a back-formation from narcotics, which ultimately derives from the same source.

uder

Pertaining to stupor, sleep, or a state of unconsciousness.

narco-

pertaining to stupor, sleep, or a state of unconsciousness

Of or pertaining to narcotics or their trade and use.

narco-

of or pertaining to narcotics or their trade and use


oro-

From Ancient Greek ὄρος (óros, “mountain, high ground”), from ὄρνῡμῐ (órnūmi, “to stir, stir up; to urge on, incite”) + -ος (-os, nominal suffix).


palin-

forms terms, of Greek origin, related to repetition or recurrence


piezo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πιέζω (piézō, “to squeeze or press”).

bor

piezoelectricity or other effects of mechanical stress or pressure


plani-

From Latin planus. See plane (adjective).

planifolious

planimetry


sapon-

From Latin sapo (“soap”) and -n- (since used before vowels).


sapo-

(chemistry) Used to form adjectives, nouns, and verbs used in the chemistry of soap-like materials


pneumo-

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *plew-
Proto-Indo-European *-mō
Proto-Indo-European *pléwmō
Ancient Greek πλεύμων (pleúmōn)
Proto-Indo-European *pnew-
Ancient Greek πνέω (pnéō)influ.
Proto-Indo-European *pnew-
Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥
Proto-Indo-European *pnéwmn̥
Ancient Greek πνεῦμα (pneûma)influ.
Ancient Greek πνεύμων (pneúmōn)bor.
English pneumo-
From Ancient Greek πνεύμων (pneúmōn, “lung”).


pneumo-

From Ancient Greek πνεῦμα (pneûma, “air”).


glyco-

From Ancient Greek γλυκύς (glukús, “sweet”).


contro-

controvert


os-

(non-productive) Against; facing; a combining prefix found in verbs of Latin origin.


pauci-

From Latin paucī, form of paucus, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“few, small”) (English few).

der

paucisymptomatic, paucispiral

(chiefly biology) Having or involving few.


scato-

From Ancient Greek σκῶρ (skôr, “dung, feces”).


sapro-

From Ancient Greek σαπρός (saprós, “putrid”).


sito-

From Ancient Greek σῖτος (sîtos, “food”).