yet

→ Sranan Tongo: ete

From Middle English yet, yit, from Old English ġīet, gȳta, from Proto-West Germanic *jūta, from Proto-Germanic *juta (compare West Frisian jit, jitte (“yet”), Dutch ooit (“ever”), German jetzt (“now”)), compound of (1) *ju (“already”, adverb), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew-, accusative of *h₂óyu (“long time”) and (2) the Proto-Germanic *ta (“to, towards”), from Proto-Indo-European *do. More at aye and -th.

I haven't finished yet.

Have you finished yet?

We do not yet know what happened.

He has never yet been late for an appointment.

Thus far; up to the present; up to some unspecified time.

In negative or interrogative use, often with an expectation or potential of something happening in the future.

Don't switch it on yet – wait until I've reconnected the pump.

In negative imperative use, asking for an action to be delayed.

He is yet breathing. (He is still breathing.)

They atteſt facts vvhich they had heard vvhile they vvere yet heathens, and had they not found reaſon to believe them, they vvould ſtill have continued heathens, and have made no mention of them in their vvritings.

a. 1720 (date written), Joseph Addison, “Section III. The Providence of God.”, in The Evidences of the Christian Religion, […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson […], published 1730, →OCLC, subsection V, page 23:

(poetic or archaic) In affirmative use: still.

The riddle will be solved yet.

He'll be hanged yet.

1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:

I’ve yet to see him. — I have not yet seen him.

I had yet to go to a convention. — I had not yet gone to a convention.

They are yet to win a single match. — They have not yet won a single match.

He seemed yet to be convinced. — He seemed not yet to have been convinced.

(after 'have' and certain copulative verbs, followed by an infinitive) Not as of the time referenced.

It was a joy to snatch some brief respite, and find himself in the rectory drawing–room. Listening here was as pleasant as talking; just to watch was pleasant. The young priests who lived here wore cassocks and birettas; their faces were fine and mild, yet really strong, like the rector's face; and in their intercourse with him and his wife they seemed to be brothers.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter X, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

After yet another missed penalty by Kvirikashvili from bang in front of the posts, England scored again, centre Tuilagi flying into the line and touching down under the bar.

2011 September 18, Ben Dirs, “Rugby World Cup 2011: England 41-10 Georgia”, in BBC Sport:

There are two hours yet to go until our destination.

K-2 is yet higher than this.

Oh no! Yet more problems!

Men may not too rashly believe the confessions of witches, nor yet the evidence against them.

1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “(please specify the page, or |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:


in

PIE word
 *h₁en
Preposition and verb from Middle English in, from Old English in, from Proto-Germanic *in.
Adverb, noun and adjective from Middle English in, from Old English inn and inne, from Proto-Germanic *innai.
Sense 1/2 "in"/"into" are from the original PIE prefix, with locative/accusative case respectively. Sense 3/4 "qualification"/"means" are from the PIE metaphor of all infinitives coming from locatives.

Suddenly a strange man walked in.

Would you like that to take away or eat in?

He ran to the edge of the swimming pool and dived in.

Orion hit a rabbit once; but though sore wounded it got to the bury, and, struggling in, the arrow caught the side of the hole and was drawn out. Indeed, a nail filed sharp is not of much avail as an arrowhead; you must have it barbed, and that was a little beyond our skill.

1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter II, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:

At or towards the interior of a defined space, such as a building or room.

They flew in from London last night.

For six hours the tide flows in, then for another six hours it flows out.

Towards the speaker or other reference point.

Bring the water to the boil and drop the vegetables in.

So as to be enclosed or surrounded by something.

The Black Cats had a mountain to climb after James Morrison's header and Shane Long's neat side-foot finish gave Albion a 2-0 lead five minutes in.

2011 October 1, Phil Dawkes, “Sunderland 2-2 West Brom”, in BBC Sport:

The show still didn't become interesting 20 minutes in.

sing-in, pray-in, hug-in; see also be-in, love-in, sit-in, teach-in.

(in combination, after a verb) Denotes a gathering of people assembled for the stated activity, sometimes, though not always, suggesting a protest.


say

From Middle English seyen, seien, seggen, from Old English seċġan (“to say, speak”), from Proto-West Germanic *saggjan, from Proto-Germanic *sagjaną (“to say”), from Proto-Indo-European *sokʷ-h₁-yé-, a suffixed o-grade form of *sekʷ- (“to tell, talk”).
Cognate with West Frisian sizze (“to say”), Low German seggen (“to say”), Dutch zeggen (“to say”), German sagen (“to say”), Danish sige (“to say”), Norwegian Bokmål si (“to say”), Norwegian Nynorsk seia (“to say”), Swedish säga (“to say”), Yiddish זאָגן (zogn, “to say; to tell”).
The adverb and interjection are from the verb.

Pick a color you think they'd like, say, peach.

He was driving pretty fast, say, fifty miles per hour.

He was a very old man, and was heavy, say about 250 pounds.

1894, T Miller, “Chapter 1”, in Over Five Seas and Oceans, From New York to Bangkok, Siam, and Return, New York: Albert Metz & Co., page 13:


but

From Middle English but, buten, boute, bouten, from Old English būtan (“without, outside of, except, only”), from Proto-West Germanic *biūtan, *biūtini, equivalent to be- + out. Cognate with Scots but, bot (“outside, without, but”), Saterland Frisian buute (“without”), West Frisian bûten (“outside of, apart from, other than, except, but”), Dutch buiten (“outside”), Dutch Low Saxon buten (“outside”), German Low German buuten, buute (“outside”), obsolete German baußen (“outside”), Luxembourgish baussen. Compare bin, about.

cog

Christmas comes but once a year.

If they kill us, we shall but die.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Kings 7:4:

For to see her was to love her,
Love but her, and love for ever.

In those days, when my hands were much employed, I read but little, but the least scraps of paper which lay on the ground, my holder, or tablecloth, afforded me as much entertainment, in fact answered the same purpose as the Iliad.

1854 August 9, Henry D[avid] Thoreau, “Economy”, in Walden; or, Life in the Woods, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC:

Now the Wicked Witch of the West had but one eye, yet that was as powerful as a telescope, and could see everywhere.

1900 May 17, L[yman] Frank Baum, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chicago, Ill., New York, N.Y.: Geo[rge] M[elvin] Hill Co., →OCLC:

Black Knight: "'Tis but a scratch." King Arthur: "A scratch? Your arm's off!"

1975, Monty Python, Monty Python and the Holy Grail:

The stony outcrops are often covered but thinly with arable soil; winters are bitingly cold, and rainfall scanty and unpredictable.

1977, Alistair Horne, A Savage War of Peace, New York: Review Books, published 2006, page 49:

May the Protector of the Buddhist Faith grant me but seven more days grace of life to be quit of this disloyal couple, father and son.

1990, Claude de Bèze, translated by E. W. Hutchinson, 1688 revolution in Siam: the memoir of Father de Bèze, s.j, University Press, page 153:

(chiefly literary or poetic) Merely, only, just, no more than

I'll have to go home early but.

"Supposin' the chap ain't dead, but?" Regan persisted.

1906, "Steele Rudd", Back At Our Selection, page 161:

(Australia, Geordie, conjunctive) Though, however.


next

From Middle English nexte, nexste, nixte, from Old English nīehsta, nīehste, etc., inflected forms of nīehst (“nearest, next”), superlative form of nēah (“nigh”) (the comparative would become near), corresponding to Proto-Germanic *nēhwist (“nearest, closest”); equivalent to nigh + -est. Cognate with Saterland Frisian naist (“next”), Dutch naast (“next to”), German nächst (“next”), Danish næste (“next”), Swedish näst (“next”), Icelandic næst (“next”), Persian نزد (nazd, “near, with”).

nabij

In a time, place or sequence closest or following

They live in the next closest house.

It's the next best thing to ice cream.

In a time, place, rank or sequence closest or following.

First we removed all the handles; next, we stripped off the old paint.

(conjunctive) So as to follow in time or sequence something previously mentioned.

Financial panic, earthquakes, oil spills, riots. What comes next?

When we next meet, you'll be married.


skew

en-adv

skew (comparative more skew, superlative most skew)

more skew (comparative)
most skew (superlative)

The verb is derived from Middle English skeuen, skewe, skewen (“to run at an angle or obliquely; to escape”), from Old Northern French escuer [and other forms], variants of Old French eschuer, eschever, eschiver (“to escape, flee; to avoid”) (modern French esquiver (“to dodge (a blow), duck; to elude, evade; to slip away; to sidestep”)), from Frankish *skiuhan (“to dread; to avoid, shun”), from Proto-Germanic *skiuhijaną (“to frighten”). The English word is cognate with Catalan esquiu (“evasive, shy”), Danish skæv (“crooked, slanting; skew, wry”) (> Norwegian Bokmål skjev), Dutch scheef (“crooked, slanting”), Norwegian skeiv (“crooked, lopsided; oblique, slanting; distorted”), Saterland Frisian skeeuw (“aslant, slanting; oblique; awry”), and is a doublet of eschew.
The adjective and adverb are probably derived from the verb and/or from askew, and the noun is derived from either the adjective or the verb.

cog

The walls are all united at one end into one head wall; which runs 14′ skew of the Pyramid on the W.; [...]

[1883], W[illiam] M[atthew] Flinders Petrie, “The Outside of the Second Pyramid”, in The Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh, London: Field & Tuer, […]; Simpkin, Marshall & Co., […]; Hamilton, Adams & Co., […], →OCLC, paragraph 72, page 101:


worst

From Middle English worste, wurste, warste, werste, wirste, from Old English wierrest, from Proto-Germanic *wirsistaz, superlative form of *ubilaz (“bad, evil”). Cognate with Old Saxon wirsista, wirrista (“worst”), Old High German wirst, wirsesto, wirsisto (“worst”), Danish værst (“worst”), Swedish värst (“worst”), Icelandic verstur (“worst”).

My sore leg hurts worst when it's cold and rainy.

This is the worst-written essay I've ever seen.

She's the worst-informed of the lot.


compass

en-adv

compass (comparative more compass, superlative most compass)

more compass (comparative)
most compass (superlative)

From Middle English compassen (“to go around, make a circuit, draw a circle, contrive, intend”), from Old French compasser; from the noun; see compass as a noun.

inh

[T]he Towne is impailed about halfe a mile compaſſe.

1632, John Smith, “The Present Estate of New-Plimoth”, in Iohn Smith, The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles: […], London: […] I[ohn] D[awson] and I[ohn] H[aviland] for Michael Sparkes, published 1624, →OCLC, book 6; reprinted in The Generall Historie of Virginia, … (Bibliotheca Americana), Cleveland, Oh.: The World Publishing Company, 1966, →OCLC, page 247:

Near the same plot of ground, for about six yards compasse were digged up coals and incinerated substances, […]

1658, Thomas Browne, Urne-Burial, Penguin, published 2005, →ISBN, page 9:


second

From Middle English secunde, second, secound, secund, borrowed from Old French second, seond, from Latin secundus (“following, next in order”), from root of sequor (“I follow”), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to follow”). Doublet of secund and secundo. Displaced native twoth and partially displaced native other (from Old English ōþer (“other; next; second”)).

noncog

Saturn is the second largest planet in the solar system.

(with superlative) After the first; at the second rank.

He is batting second today.

After the first occurrence but before the third.


twenty-four seven

Shortened from twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week.

They're open twenty-four seven; you can go there any time you want.

24 hours per day, seven days per week. Designates a round-the-clock service, typically including holidays, as might be offered by a supermarket, ATM, gas station, concierge service or manned data center.

My girlfriend's jealous 'cause I talk about you twenty-four seven

2000, “Stan”, in Eminem (music), The Marshall Mathers LP:

(colloquial) Constantly, without interruption.

vingt-quatre heures sur vingt-quatre, sept jours sur sept

tutti i giorni ventiquatt'ore su ventiquattro

dvádcatʹ četýre časá v sútki, semʹ dnej v nedélju

два́дцать четы́ре часа́ в су́тки, семь дней в неде́лю


too

From Middle English to (“also, in addition to”), from Old English tō (“furthermore, also, besides”), adverbial use of preposition tō (“to, into”). The sense of "in addition, also" deriving from the original meaning of "apart, separately" (compare Old English prefix tō- (“apart”)). Doublet of to; see there for more.

inh

The preposterous altruism too![…]Resist not evil. It is an insane immolation of self—as bad intrinsically as fakirs stabbing themselves or anchorites warping their spines in caves scarcely large enough for a fair-sized dog.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XVI, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

The use of algorithms in policing is one example of their increasing influence on our lives. And, as their ubiquity spreads, so too does the debate around whether we should allow ourselves to become so reliant on them – and who, if anyone, is policing their use.

2013 July 26, Leo Hickman, “How algorithms rule the world”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 7, page 26:

There has been a cutback in federal subsidies. Rates have been increasing too.

They burned the old gun that used to stand in the dark corner up in the garret, close to the stuffed fox that always grinned so fiercely. Perhaps the reason why he seemed in such a ghastly rage was that he did not come by his death fairly. Otherwise his pelt would not have been so perfect. And why else was he put away up there out of sight?—and so magnificent a brush as he had too.

1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:

Hidden behind thickets of acronyms and gorse bushes of detail, a new great game is under way across the globe. Some call it geoeconomics, but it's geopolitics too. The current power play consists of an extraordinary range of countries simultaneously sitting down to negotiate big free trade and investment agreements.

2013 July 19, Timothy Garton Ash, “Where Dr Pangloss meets Machiavelli”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 18:

[…]purſued his vnneighbourly purpoſe in ſuch ſort: that hee being the ſtronger perſwader, and ſhe (belike) too credulous in beleeuing or elſe ouer-feeble in reſiſting, from priuate imparlance, they fell to action; and continued their cloſe fight a long while together, vnſeene and vvithout ſuſpition, no doubt to their equall ioy and contentment.

1620, Giovanni Bocaccio, translated by John Florio, The Decameron, Containing an Hundred Pleaſant Nouels: Wittily Diſcourſed, Betweene Seuen Honourable Ladies, and Three Noble Gentlemen, Isaac Iaggard, Nouell 8, The Eighth Day:

The dawn of the oil age was fairly recent. Although the stuff was used to waterproof boats in the Middle East 6,000 years ago, extracting it in earnest began only in 1859 after an oil strike in Pennsylvania.[…]It was used to make kerosene, the main fuel for artificial lighting after overfishing led to a shortage of whale blubber. Other liquids produced in the refining process, too unstable or smoky for lamplight, were burned or dumped.

2013 August 3, “Yesterday’s fuel”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:

(degree) To an excessive degree; over; more than enough.

...過ぎる

is attached to the word, behaves as a verb

She doesn't talk too much.  I'm not too sure about this.

(degree, colloquial) To a high degree, very.

olyan

(degree, colloquial) to a high degree, very — see also very

You're not old enough yet. ― I am too!

You can't jump that fence. ― Can too jump it!

We haven't been mean to you. ― Have too, plenty of times

(emphatic, colloquial, childish) Used to contradict a negative assertion with present and simple past forms of be, do, and auxiliary verbs

The trooper thanks his informant and rides slowly on, looking about him. […] He comes to a gateway in the brick wall, looks in, and sees a great perplexity of iron lying about in every stage and in a vast variety of shapes— […] "This is a place to make a man's head ache too!" says the trooper, looking about him for a counting-house.

1852 March – 1853 September, Charles Dickens, Bleak House, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1853, →OCLC:

(archaic, colloquial) Used for emphasis, without reference to any previous statement.


percent

From New Latin per centum (“by the hundred”).

Diane Watson has had a distinguished career in education and politics, and last year was elected to the House of Representatives, winning 75 percent of the vote in her Congressional district.

In Sichuan the rates were much higher. In Kaixian county, a close examination by a team sent by the provincial party committee at the time concluded that in Fengle commune, where 17 per cent of the population had perished in less than a year, up to 65 per cent of the victims had died because they were beaten, punished with food deprivation or forced into committing suicide.

2011, Frank Dikötter, Mao's Great Famine, Bloomsbury, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, pages 297–298:

Twelve percent of the world’s population now relies directly or indirectly on the fisheries industry.

2016 July 7, Arthur Neslen, The Guardian:

For every hundred (used with preceding numeral to form a noun phrase expressing a proportion).


here

Sranan Tongo: ia

From Middle English her, from Old English hēr (“at this place”), from Proto-West Germanic *hēr, from Proto-Germanic *hē₂r, from *hiz + *-r, from Proto-Indo-European *kís, from *ḱe + *ís.
Cognates
Cognate with Saterland Frisian hier, West Frisian hjir, Dutch hier, German Low German hier, German hier, Danish her, Swedish här, Norwegian her, Faroese her, Icelandic hér. Also related to the English pronoun he (“this/that person”), and the words hither (“to this place”) and hence (“from this place”).

You wait here while I fetch my coat.

Here I stand.

Flu season is here.

Kilroy was here.

Ms. Doe is not here at the moment.

Dark house, by which once more I stand / Here in the long unlovely street,

1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto VII:

The Canadian visitor stated, “I’m not here to help you. I’m not here to do anything for you. I’m just here to get information.”

2008, Omar Khadr, Affidavit of Omar Ahmed Khadr:

Oh, yes. I am here! — Good. You are there.
Audio (US): (file)

2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)

Please come here.

He said we came here solely on my account, that I was to have perfect rest and all the air I could get.

1891, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wall-Paper:

(location) To this place; used in place of the more dated hither.

tänne

the place wider or less accurately confined

Derivatives can refer to anything that is derived from something else, but here they refer specifically to functions that give the slope of the tangent line to a curve.

The two great generalizations which the veteran Belgian astronomer has brought to bear on physiological and mental science, and which it is proposed to describe popularly here, may be briefly defined:

1872 May, Edward Burnett Tylor, “Quetelet on the Science of Man”, in Popular Science Monthly, volume 1:

The briefest characterization is all that will be attempted here.

1904 January 15, William James, “The Chicago School”, in Psychological Bulletin, 1.1, pages 1-5:

Here endeth the lesson.

Here, perhaps I ought to stop.

1796, George Washington, Washington's Farewell Address:

“And drove away—away.” Sophia broke down here. Even at this moment she was subconsciously comparing her rendering of the part of the forlorn bride with Miss Marie Lohr's.

1921, Ben Travers, chapter 6, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:

At this point in the argument, narration, or other, usually written, work.


parallel

en-adv

parallel (comparative more parallel, superlative most parallel)

more parallel (comparative)
most parallel (superlative)

/ˈpæɹ.əˌlɛl/

/ˈpɛɹ.əˌlɛl/

From Middle French parallèle, borrowed from Latin parallelus.

The road runs parallel to the canal.


wrong

wrong (comparative more wrong, superlative most wrong)

more wrong (comparative)
most wrong (superlative)

From Middle English wrong, from Old English wrang (“wrong, twisted, uneven”), from Old Norse rangr, *vrangr (“crooked, wrong”), from Proto-Germanic *wrangaz (“crooked, twisted, turned awry”), from Proto-Indo-European *werḱ-, *wrengʰ- (“to twist, weave, tie together”), from *wer- (“to turn, bend”). Cognate with Scots wrang (“wrong”), Danish vrang (“wrong, crooked”), Swedish vrång (“perverse, distorted”), Icelandic rangur (“wrong”), Norwegian Nynorsk rang (“wrong”), Dutch wrang (“bitter, sour”) and the first element in the mythic Old Frisian city of Rungholt (“crooked wood”). More at wring.

der

I spelled several names wrong in my address book.

You're doing it all wrong!

`Then, just as I was, I walked out of the house and went to the recruiting-office, stating my age wrong.'

1956, Anthony Burgess, Time for a Tiger (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 131:

(informal) In a way that isn't right; incorrectly, wrongly.


habitually

He is habitually inattentive of time.

Professor Franklein is habitually pessimistic.

Such recognition is a much-needed boost for Scotland's habitually busiest station.

2023 October 18, Nick Brodrick, “The grand gateway to Glasgow”, in RAIL, number 994, page 33:


tonight

From Middle English tonyght, to niȝt, from Old English tō niht.

I want to party tonight!

I had a wonderful time with you tonight.

During the night following the current day; during the evening of today.

आज सायंकाळी

āj sāyaṅkāḷī

Besides, I met Lord Bigot and Lord Salisbury,
With eyes as red as new-enkindled fire,
And others more, going to seek the grave
Of Arthur, whom they say is killed to-night
On your suggestion.

1596, William Shakespeare, The Life and Death of King John, act 4, scene 2, page 165:

I dreamt tonight that I did feast with Caesar,
And things unluckily charge my fantasy;

1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii]:


annually

The Sunshine Festival is held annually, at the end of May.


their

From Old Norse þeirra. Replaced native Old English heora.


general

From Middle English general, in turn from Anglo-Norman general, generall, Middle French general, and their source, Latin generālis, from genus (“class, kind”) + -ālis (“-al”); thus morphologically parallel with, and a doublet of, generic.

(obsolete) In a general or collective manner or sense; in most cases; upon the whole.


half-yearly

From half-year + -ly; or half- + yearly.


almost

/ˈɔːɫ.məʊst/

/ɔːɫ.ˈməʊst/

From Middle English almost, from Old English eallmǣst (“nearly all, almost, for the most part”), equivalent to al- (“all”) + most.

inh

almost only counts in horseshoes and hand grenades

Almost all people went there. (not all but very close to it)

We almost missed the train. (not missed but very close to it)

Although the Celebrity was almost impervious to sarcasm, he was now beginning to exhibit visible signs of uneasiness, the consciousness dawning upon him that his eccentricity was not receiving the ovation it merited.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

This time was most dreadful for Lilian. Thrown on her own resources and almost penniless, she maintained herself and paid the rent of a wretched room near the hospital by working as a charwoman, sempstress, anything. In a moment she had dropped to the level of a casual labourer.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XVII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

Eustace gaped at him in amazement. When his urbanity dropped away from him, as now, he had an innocence of expression which was almost infantile. It was as if the world had never touched him at all.

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter IX, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

For some odd reason, Sherin has chosen to direct the play as a comedy — at times almost a farce.

1976 December 25, Robert Chesley, “New York's "Nightingale" Does No Justice to Williams' Play”, in Gay Community News, volume 4, number 26, page 20:

In order to grant the rich these pleasures, the social contract is reconfigured. […] The public realm is privatised, the regulations restraining the ultra-wealthy and the companies they control are abandoned, and Edwardian levels of inequality are almost fetishised.

2013 May 17, George Monbiot, “Money just makes the rich suffer”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 23, page 19:

almost all

almost no

(mathematics) Up to, except for a negligible set (where negligible is not universally but contextually defined).

almost everywhere

almost nowhere

almost certain

almost sure

(measure theory, probability theory) Up to a null set; except for a set of measure 0.


dear

en-adv

dear (comparative more dear, superlative most dear)

more dear (comparative)
most dear (superlative)

From Middle English dere, from Old English dīere (“of great value or excellence, expensive, beloved”), from Proto-West Germanic *diurī, from Proto-Germanic *diurijaz (“dear, precious, expensive”). Cognate with Scots dere, deir (“of great value or worth, highly valued, precious, beloved”), Saterland Frisian djuur (“precious, dear, costly, expensive”), Dutch duur (“costly, precious”), German teuer (“costly, precious”), German Low German düür, Danish dyr (“expensive”), Swedish dyr (“expensive”), Norwegian dyr (“expensive”), Icelandic dýr (“expensive”), Yiddish טייַער (tayer, “precious,expensive”).

cog

If thou attempt it, it will cost thee dear.

c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:


rite

It's rite next to my house.

1970-1975, Lou Sullivan, personal diary, quoted in 2019, Ellis Martin, Zach Ozma (editors), We Both Laughed In Pleasure
One of our cats has a bald spot on his hind & it looks like it was shaved rite off.


or

From Late Old English ār, from Old Norse ár. Compare ere.


northeast

en-adv

northeast (not generally comparable, comparative more northeast, superlative most northeast)

more northeast (comparative)
most northeast (superlative)

We are travelling northeast at the moment.

Towards or in the direction of the northeast; northeastwards.


fuck

Flen flyys
Slate.com
University of Minnesota Press
fuck

From Middle English *fukken, probably of Germanic origin: either from Old English *fuccian or Old Norse *fukka, both from Proto-Germanic *fukkōną, from Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ- (“to strike, punch, stab”). Compare windfucker and its debated etymology.
Possibly attested in a 772 AD charter that mentions a place called Fuccerham, which may mean "ham (“home”) of the fucker" or "hamm (“pasture”) of the fucker"; a John le Fucker in a record from 1278 may just be a variant of Fulcher, like Fucher, Foker, etc. The earliest unambiguous use of the word in a clearly sexual context, in any stage of English, appears to be in court documents from Cheshire, England, which mention a man called "Roger Fuckebythenavele" (possibly tongue-in-cheek, or directly suggestive of a depraved sexual act) on December 8, 1310. It was first listed in a dictionary in 1598. Scots fuk/fuck is attested slightly earlier, probably reinforcing the Northern Germanic/Scandinavian origin theory. From 1500 onward, the word has been in continual use, superseding jape and sard and largely displacing swive.
A range of folk-etymological backronyms, such as "fornication under consent of the king" and "for unlawful carnal knowledge", are all demonstrably false.
Sense 10, from related sense feck.
See windfucker (regional synonym: fuckwind) for more.

der

Do you censor your swearing? – Fuck no.

(vulgar, colloquial) Used as an intensifier for the words "yes" and "no".

Do I want to? Do I fuck!

They're your friends, aren't they? – Are they fuck my friends.

(UK, Ireland, vulgar, colloquial) Used after an inverted subject pronoun and auxiliary verb or copula to emphatically negate the verb.


any

From Middle English any, eny, ony, ani, aniȝ, eniȝ, æniȝ, from Old English ǣniġ (“any”), from Proto-West Germanic *ainīg, *ainag, from Proto-Germanic *ainagaz, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one”), equivalent to one + -y. Cognate to Saterland Frisian eenich (“some”), West Frisian iennich (“only”), Dutch enig (“any, some”), Afrikaans enig (“any”), German Low German enig (“some”), German einig (“some”), Italian unico (“unique”), French unique (“unique”). Piecewise doublet of unique.

I will not remain here any longer.

If you get any taller, you'll start having to duck through doorways!

That doesn't bother me any. (chiefly US usage)

I wasn't any too easy in my mind.

1934, Rex Stout, Fer-de-Lance, Bantam, published 1992, →ISBN, page 58:

'That wouldn't surprise me any.'

1934, Agatha Christie, chapter 4, in Murder on the Orient Express, London: HarperCollins, published 2017, page 104:


southeast

en-adv

southeast (not generally comparable, comparative more southeast, superlative most southeast)

more southeast (comparative)
most southeast (superlative)

We are travelling southeast at the moment.

Towards or in the direction of the southeast; southeastwards.


northwest

northwest (not generally comparable, comparative more northwest, superlative most northwest)

more northwest (comparative)
most northwest (superlative)

We are travelling northwest at the moment.

Towards or in the direction of the northwest; northwestwards.


some

From Middle English som, sum, from Old English sum (“some, a certain one”), from Proto-West Germanic *sum, from Proto-Germanic *sumaz (“some, a certain one”), from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“one, whole”). Cognate Scots sum, some (“some”), North Frisian som, sam, säm (“some”), West Frisian sommige, somlike (“some”), dialectal Dutch som, saom (“some”), standard Dutch sommige (“some”), Low German somige (“some”), German dialectal summige (“some”), Danish somme (“some”), Swedish somlig (“some”), Norwegian sum, som (“some”), Icelandic sumur (“some”), Gothic 𐍃𐌿𐌼𐍃 (sums, “one, someone”). More at same.

der

I guess he must have weighed some 90 kilos.

Some 30,000 spectators witnessed the feat.

Some 4,000 acres of land were flooded.

Of a measurement: approximately, roughly.

They walked some and talked some.

2014, C. R. Scott, Invisible War: Attack the Covenant:

(dialect) To a certain extent, or for a certain period.


southwest

en-adv

southwest (not generally comparable, comparative more southwest, superlative most southwest)

more southwest (comparative)
most southwest (superlative)

From Middle English southwest, southewest, from Old English sūþwest and sūþanwestan, equivalent to south + west. Cognate with West Frisian súdwest, Dutch zuidwest, German Südwesten, Danish sydvest, Swedish sydväst.

We are travelling southwest at the moment.

Towards or in the direction of the southwest; southwestwards.


quarterly

It consisted of the arms of the City of London, Middlesex (three seaxes, or Saxon swords), Buckingham (a swan), and Hertford (a hart), arranged quarterly, on a background of crimson and ermine mantling […].

1950 June, Michael Robbins, “Heraldry of London Underground Railways”, in Railway Magazine, page 380:

(heraldry) In the four, or in two diagonally opposite, quarters of a shield.


again

From Middle English agayn, from Old English onġēan (“against, again”), from Proto-West Germanic [Term?]. Cognate with Old Frisian ajēn (whence North Frisian ijen (“against”)), Old Saxon angegin, Danish igen (“again”), Swedish igen (“again”), and Norwegian Bokmål igjen (“again”). By surface analysis, on- + gain (“against”).

surf

The humor of my proposition appealed more strongly to Miss Trevor than I had looked for, and from that time forward she became her old self again;[…]. Our table in the dining-room became again the abode of scintillating wit and caustic repartee, Farrar bracing up to his old standard, and the demand for seats in the vicinity rose to an animated competition.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter VIII, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

Thinks I to myself, “Sol, you're run off your course again. This is a rich man's summer ‘cottage’[…].[…].” So I started to back away again into the bushes. But I hadn't backed more'n a couple of yards when I see something so amazing that I couldn't help scooching down behind the bayberries and looking at it.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

He tangled in tree-tops again and again / And barely missed hitting a tri-motored plane.

1931, Robert L. May, Rudolph, The Red-Nosed Reindeer, Montgomery Ward (publisher), draft

Johnny said, “Devil, just come on back if you ever want to try again / I done told you once, you son of a bitch, I’m the best that’s ever been.”

1979, Charles Edward Daniels et al., “The Devil Went Down to Georgia” (song), Million Mile Reflections, Charlie Daniels Band, Epic Records

The last sentence is so shocking, I have to read it again.

2010 October 30, Simon Hattenstone, The Guardian:

كَرَّة أُخْرَى f (karra ʔuḵrā) (adverbial accusative used)

Cirri l-lxxx, 15, about 12mm. long; first two joints short, about twice as broad as long; third about one-third again [=one and one-third times] as long as broad; fourth and fifth the longest, about half again [=one and a half times] as long as broad;[…].

1908 December 10, Austin H. Clark, “New Genera and Species of Crinoids”, in Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, volume XXI, pages 229–230:

What's that called again?

Used metalinguistically, with the repetition being in the discussion, or in the linguistic or pragmatic context of the discussion, rather than in the subject of discussion.

Tell me again, say again; used in asking a question to which one may have already received an answer that one cannot remember.

來著

used in a question to ask something one has forgotten

Again, I'm not criticizing, I just want to understand.

I ask again, I say again; used in repeating a question or statement.

Approach B is better than approach A in many respects, but again, there are difficulties in implementing it.

A great bargain also had been the excellent Axminster carpet which covered the floor; as, again, the arm-chair in which Bunting now sat forward, staring into the dull, small fire.

1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter I, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, →OCLC; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., […], [1933], →OCLC, page 0016:

Here too, here also, in this case as well; used in applying a previously made point to a new instance; sometimes preceded by "here".

Great, thanks again!

Bring us word again.

And after they were warned in ther slepe, that they shulde not go ageyne to Herod, they retourned into ther awne countre another way.

1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew ij:

(obsolete) Back in the reverse direction, or to an original starting point.

We need to bring the old customs to life again.

The South will rise again.

Meanwhile Nanny Broome was recovering from her initial panic and seemed anxious to make up for any kudos she might have lost, by exerting her personality to the utmost. She took the policeman's helmet and placed it on a chair, and unfolded his tunic to shake it and fold it up again for him.

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 19, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

So women are never angrie, but to the end a man should againe be angrie with them, therein imitating the lawes of Love.

1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 31, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

Thus men are plagued with women, they again with men, when they are of diverse humours and conditions[…].

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition I, section 2, member 4, subsection vii:

As he lies in the light before a glaring white target, the black upon him shines again[…].

1852 March – 1853 September, Charles Dickens, Bleak House, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1853, →OCLC:

(obsolete) In return, as a reciprocal action; back.

There is not, in the world again, such a spring and seminary of brave military people as in England, Scotland, and Ireland.

a. 1627 (date written), Francis [Bacon], “Considerations Touching a VVarre vvith Spaine. […]”, in William Rawley, editor, Certaine Miscellany VVorks of the Right Honourable Francis Lo. Verulam, Viscount S. Alban. […], London: […] I. Hauiland for Humphrey Robinson, […], published 1629, →OCLC:

The one is my sovereign[…]the other again is my kinsman.

1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:

Again, it is of great consequence to avoid, etc.

1835, John Herschel, A Treatise on Astronomy:


handily

en-adv

handily (comparative more handily, superlative most handily)

more handily (comparative)
most handily (superlative)

From handy + -ly. Compare Middle English hendily, hendiliche.

As the mysteries of valetism are not very recondite or difficult to be acquired by an intelligent person, Lockwood, after a little practice, performed his functions handily enough; […]

1854, Catherine Crowe, Linny Lockwood, page 237:

(chiefly US) In a handy manner; skillfully; conveniently.

He won the election handily.


regular

/ˈɹɛɡ.jʊ.lə/

/ˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/

[ˈɹɛɡ.jɪ̈.lɚ]

From Middle English reguler, from Anglo-Norman reguler, Middle French reguler, regulier, and their source, Latin rēgulāris (“continuing rules for guidance”), from rēgula (“rule”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *reg- (“move in a straight line”).

der

'And if the knowledge wasn'y well come by, why, you might ha' made up for it by coming to church reg'lar.'

1861, George Eliot, Silas Marner, London: Penguin Books, published 1967, page 131:

Though no minister would visit the Skerburnfoot, or, if he went, departed quicker than he came, the girl Ailie attended regular at the catechising at the mains of Sker.

1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:

"Drain her every thousand, regular. Don't do it myself, o' course; just drop her in at the lubritorium."

1961, Colin Thiele, The Sun on the Stubble, Melbourne: Rigby Limited, page 113:

"All we've got to do is stick 'em in the bedroom and feed 'em regular."

1988, Mary Steele, Mallyroot's Pub at Misery Ponds, Ringwood: Puffin Books, page 37:

(archaic, dialect, nonstandard) Regularly, on a regular basis.


after

Northern England, other non-rhotic without the trap–bath split

From Middle English after, from Old English æfter, from Proto-West Germanic *aftar, from Proto-Germanic *after, *aftiri, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epoteros (“further behind, further away”), from *h₂epo (“off, away”).
Cognate with Scots efter (“after”), North Frisian efter (“after, behind”), West Frisian after, achter, efter (“behind; after”), Low German/Dutch achter (“behind”), German after- (“after-”), Swedish/Danish efter (“after”), Norwegian etter (“after”), Icelandic eftir (“after”), aftur (“back, again”).
The Irish usage to indicate recent completion of an activity is a calque of the Irish collocation Táim tar éis... (“I have just...”, literally “I am after...”).

inh

I left the room, and the dog bounded after.

They lived happily ever after.

I might come next month, or the month after.


gold

From gold master, a copy of the code certified as being ready for release.

of or referring to a gold version of something


monthly

Rent must be paid monthly.


square

en-adv

square (comparative more square, superlative most square)

more square (comparative)
most square (superlative)

From Middle English square, sqware, squyre; from Old French esquarre, esquerre, (modern French équerre), from Vulgar Latin *exquadra, from Latin ex- + quadro, from quadrus (compare English quad and quadra). Doublet of squad and squadra.
Displaced fēowerecge (fēower nominative + ecg accusative, as in "four-edged").

Staash tipped up the rim of his hat and looked me square in the eyes as the cigarette dangled from his lips.

2012, Allan A. Zarbock, Nobody, page 211:


thin

thin (comparative more thin, superlative most thin)

more thin (comparative)
most thin (superlative)

From Middle English thinne, thünne, thenne, from Old English þynne, from Proto-West Germanic *þunnī, from Proto-Germanic *þunnuz (“thin”) – compare *þanjaną (“to stretch, spread out”) – from Proto-Indo-European *ténh₂us (“thin”), from *ten- (“to stretch”).
Cognate with German dünn, Dutch dun, West Frisian tin, Icelandic þunnur, Danish tynd, Swedish tunn, Latin tenuis, Irish tanaí, Welsh tenau, Latvian tievs, Polish cienki, Sanskrit तनु (tanú, “thin”), Persian تنگ (tang, “narrow”). Doublet of tenuis. Also related to tenuous.

seed sown thin

Spain is a nation thin sown of people.

Not thickly or closely; in a scattered state.


pyramidally

Like a pyramid; in a pyramidal manner or shape.


however

From Middle English however, how-ever, how-evere; equivalent to how + ever. Compare howsoever.

He told me not to do it. However, I did it anyway. / I did it anyway, however. / I, however, did it anyway.

She wanted to go; however, she decided against it.

I didn't argue with him; I still think, however, that he is wrong.

Thus, when he drew up instructions in lawyer language, he expressed the important words by an initial, a medial, or a final consonant, and made scratches for all the words between; his clerks, however, understood him very well.

1892, Walter Besant, “Prologue: Who is Edmund Gray?”, in The Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC:

That the young Mr. Churchills liked—but they did not like him coming round of an evening and drinking weak whisky-and-water while he held forth on railway debentures and corporation loans. Mr. Barrett, however, by fawning and flattery, seemed to be able to make not only Mrs. Churchill but everyone else do what he desired.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter II, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

Mostly, the microbiome is beneficial. It helps with digestion and enables people to extract a lot more calories from their food than would otherwise be possible. Research over the past few years, however, has implicated it in diseases from atherosclerosis to asthma to autism.

2013 June 29, “A punch in the gut”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, pages 72–3:

(conjunctive) Nevertheless; yet, still; in spite of that.

The conference itself went very well. The party afterwards, however, was a disaster.

However clear you think you've been, many questions will remain.

Elinor, however little concerned in it, joined in their discourse; and Marianne, who had the knack of finding her way in every house to the library, however it might be avoided by the family in general, soon procured herself a book.

1811, Jane Austen, Sense and Sensibility, Chapter 42:

I don't care; just do it however.

Nothing was really planned; things just happened however.

(informal, manner) In any way that one likes or chooses; in a haphazard or spontaneous way.

I thought it was impossible. However were you able to do it?

(interrogative) How ever: an emphatic form of how, used to ask in what manner.

Our chief end and highest interest is happiness : And this is happiness to be freed from all (if it may) [or] however from the greatest evils.

(obsolete) In any case, at any rate, at all events.


handfastly

handfastly (comparative more handfastly, superlative most handfastly)

more handfastly (comparative)
most handfastly (superlative)

the Scots would most holilie and handfastlie promise , the English would forthwith depart with a quiet armie

1577, Raphaell Holinshed, The Firste Volume of the Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande […], volume I, London: […] [Henry Bynneman] for Iohn Harrison, →OCLC:


weekly

From Middle English wekely, weikly (adverb), equivalent to week + -ly. Compare Dutch wekelijks (“weekly”), German wöchentlich (“weekly”), Danish ugentlig (“weekly”), Norwegian ukentlig (“weekly”), Icelandic vikulega (“weekly”), Swedish veckovis (“weekly”).

She visits her mother weekly.


A.M.

Alternative form of a.m. (“before noon”).


RN

I'm so tired RN.

(informal, Internet slang, text messaging) Abbreviation of right now.


DC

(dance) Initialism of diagonally to the center.


fresh

Grandwizard Theodore & the Fantastic Five

From Middle English fressh, from Old English fersċ (“fresh, pure, sweet”), from Proto-West Germanic *frisk (“fresh”), from Proto-Germanic *friskaz (“fresh”), from Proto-Indo-European *preysk- (“fresh”).
Cognate with Scots fresch (“fresh”), West Frisian farsk (“fresh”), Dutch vers (“fresh”), Walloon frexh (“fresh”), German frisch (“fresh”), French frais (“fresh”), Norwegian and Danish frisk (“fresh”), fersk, Icelandic ferskur (“fresh”), Lithuanian prėskas (“unflavoured, tasteless, fresh”), Russian пре́сный (présnyj, “sweet, fresh, unleavened, tasteless”). Doublet of fresco and frisk.
Slang sense possibly shortened form of “fresh out the pack”, 1980s routine by Grand Wizzard Theodore.

cog

We are fresh out of milk.

Hell of a surprise in the seventh season premiere of Game Of Thrones. Arya Stark, fresh off a nigh Cersei-level ambush of the Frey household, comes upon a small campfire surrounded by fresh-faced red cloaks.

2017 July 16, Brandon Nowalk, “Chickens and dragons come home to roost on Game Of Thrones (newbies)”, in The Onion AV Club:


AC

Initialism of anno Christi (in the year of Christ).

Initialism of ante Christum, (before Christ).


small

en-adv

small (comparative smaller, superlative smallest)

smaller (comparative)
smallest (superlative)

From Middle English smal, from Old English smæl (“small, narrow, slender”), from Proto-Germanic *smalaz (“small”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mal-, *(s)mel- (“small, mean, malicious”). Cognate with Scots smal; sma (“small”); West Frisian smel (“narrow”); Dutch smal (“narrow”); German schmal (“narrow, small”); Danish, Norwegian, Swedish smal (“narrow; thin; slender”); Latin malus (“bad”); Russian ма́лый (mályj, “small”).

inh

Don't write very small!

That's going to go in there. We've got some chives small chopped as well.

2009, Ingrid Hoffman, CBS Early Morning for September 28, 2009 (transcription)

It small avails my mood.

1594, William Shakespeare, Lucrece (First Quarto), London: […] Richard Field, for Iohn Harrison, […], →OCLC, line 1273:

That's all one: you shall play it in a mask, and / you may speak as small as you will.

c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], line 49:


plum

You're going to think I'm plum crazy for this, but I want to adopt all seven kittens.


silly

en-adv

silly (comparative sillier, superlative silliest)

sillier (comparative)
silliest (superlative)

From Middle English seely, sēlī, from Old English sǣliġ, ġesǣliġ (“lucky, fortunate”), from Proto-West Germanic *sālīg, from *sāli. Equivalent to seel (“happiness, bliss”) + -y. Doublet of Seelie.
The semantic evolution is “lucky” → “innocent” → “naïve” → “foolish”. Compare the similar evolution of daft (originally meaning “accommodating”), and almost the reverse with nice (originally meaning “ignorant”).

If you did but see how silly a Man fumbles for an Excuse, when he's a little asham'd of being in Love.

1731, Colley Cibber, Careless Husband, 7th edition, i, i, 21:

(now regional or colloquial) Sillily: in a silly manner.


PR

Georgian: პიარი (ṗiari)

(medicine) Initialism of per rectal or per rectum.


tout de suite

If you want to catch the bus, you'd better leave tout de suite!


MB

(Internet slang, text messaging) Abbreviation of maybe.


very

From Middle English verray, from Old French verai (“true”), from Early Medieval Latin vērāgus, from Classical Latin vērāx, derived from vērus, from Proto-Italic *wēros, from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁ros.
Distantly cognate with the Old English wǣr (“true”). Over time displaced the use of a number of Germanic words or prefixes to convey the sense 'very' such as fele, full-, mægen, sore, sin-, swith, (partially) wel.

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class I § 31. Greatness

That dress is very you.

Not very many (of them) had been damaged.

She's very similar to her mother.

‘Is she busy?’ ― ‘Not very.’

Then his sallow face brightened, for the hall had been carefully furnished, and was very clean.
 There was a neat hat-and-umbrella stand, and the stranger's weary feet fell soft on a good, serviceable dark-red drugget, which matched in colour the flock-paper on the walls.

1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter II, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, →OCLC; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., […], [1933], →OCLC, page 0091:

“[…] They talk of you as if you were Croesus—and I expect the beggars sponge on you unconscionably.” And Vickers launched forth into a tirade very different from his platform utterances. He spoke with extreme contempt of the dense stupidity exhibited on all occasions by the working classes.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XIII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

Conforming to fact, reality or rule; true.

He was the very best runner there.

This is my very own treehouse.

(with superlatives) Used to firmly establish that nothing else surpasses in some respect.


room

room (comparative more room, superlative most room)

more room (comparative)
most room (superlative)

From Middle English rome, from Old English rūme (“widely, spaciously, roomily, far and wide, so as to extend over a wide space, liberally, extensively, amply, abundantly, in a high degree, without restriction or encumbrance, without the pressure of care, light-heartedly, without obstruction, plainly, clearly, in detail”). Cognate with Dutch ruim (“amply”, adverb).

inh

rum (/ɹʊm/) (without the foot-strut split)

(dialectal or obsolete) Far; at a distance; wide in space or extent.


jump

From Middle English jumpen (“to walk quickly, run, jump”), probably of Middle Low German or North Germanic origin, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *gumpōną ~ *gumbōną (“to hop, skip, jump”), an iterative verb. The OED suggests an imitative origin. Others have connected it to Ancient Greek ἀθεμβούσα (athemboúsa, “uninhibited”), which is unlikely. Related to jumble. In the sense “to propel oneself” it displaced leap partially and spring largely.
Cognates
Cognate with Middle Dutch gumpen (“to jump”), Low German jumpen (“to jump”), Middle High German gumpen, gampen (“to jump, hop”) (dialectal German gampen, Alemannic German gumpe, Walser dialect kumpu), Old Norse goppa (“to jump”) Danish gumpe (“to jolt”), Swedish gumpa (“to jump”), Danish gimpe (“to move up and down”), Middle English jumpren, jumbren (“to mix, jumble”).

onomatopoeic

imitative

m+

Thus twice before, and jump at this dead hour,
With martial stalk hath he gone by our watch.

c. 1599–1601, William Shakespeare, Hamlet, act 1, scene 1, lines 64–65:


comely

en-adv

comely (comparative more comely, superlative most comely)

more comely (comparative)
most comely (superlative)

From Middle English comli, cumly, cumeliche (“beautifully, handsomely; gracefully; splendidly; fittingly, properly; well”), from Old English cȳme (adjective) (see etymology 1) + Middle English -li (suffix forming adverbs).

inh

So ſlides he dovvne vppon his greyned bat [i.e., a walking stick]; / And comely diſtant ſits he by her ſide, […]

1609, William Shakespeare, “A Louers Complaint”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC, signature K2, verso:

T'is very good to vvaſh his hands and face often, to haue faire linnen about him, to be decently and comely attired, for ſordes vitiant, naſtineſſe defiles, & deiects any man that is ſo voluntarily, or compelled by vvant, it dulleth the ſpirits.

1621, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Rectifying, Retention and Evacuation”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy, […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and Iames Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 2, section 2, member 2, page 313:

So may men praiſe their Preacher, he ſpeaks pertinently, or he contrives vvittily, or he ſpeaks comely, […]

1651, Jer[emy] Taylor, “[https://books.google.com/books?id=jEtPAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PP12 [XXVIII Sermons Preached at Golden Grove; Being for the Summer Half-year, […].] To the Right Honourable and Truly Noble, Richard Lord Vaughan, Earl of Carbery, Baron of Emlin, and Molingar, Knight of the Honourable Order of the Bath]”, in ΕΝΙΑΥΤΟΣ [Eniautos]. A Course of Sermons for All the Sundays of the Year. […], 2nd edition, London: […] Richard Royston […], published 1654, →OCLC:

(archaic) Synonym of comelily (“in a comely manner: in an attractive or pleasing manner; in a manner which meets accepted moral or social norms”)


left

From Middle English left, luft, leoft, lift, lyft, from Old English left, lyft (“weak, clumsy, foolish”), attested in Old English lyftādl (“palsy, paralysis”), from Proto-Germanic *luft-, from *lubjaną (“to castrate, lop off”) (compare dialectal English lib, West Frisian lobje, Dutch lubben), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)lewp-, *(s)lup- (“hanging limply”). Compare Scots left (“left”), North Frisian lefts, leeft, leefts (“left”), West Frisian lofts (“left”), dialectal Dutch loof (“weak, worthless”), Low German lucht (“left”).

cog

Turn left at the corner. NO! Your other left.

The East Coast of the US leans left in elections.


cold

en-adv

cold (comparative more cold, superlative most cold)

more cold (comparative)
most cold (superlative)

From Middle English colde, from Old English calde, ċealde (“coldly”), from the adjective (see above).

The steel was processed cold.

The speaker went in cold and floundered for a topic.

Two weeks after it closed, he started rehearsals for Cheer Up, a new play by Mary Roberts Rinehart booked into the Harris Theatre. It was to open cold without any out-of-town tryout under the direction of a young Cecil B. DeMille […]

2008, Geddeth Smith, Walter Hampden: Dean of the American Theatre, page 104:

Now Little Bo Peep cold lost her sheep / And Rip van Winkle fell the hell asleep

(slang, informal, dated) In a cold, frank, or realistically honest manner.


other

From Middle English other, from Old English ōþer (“other, second”), from Proto-West Germanic *ą̄þar, *anþar, from Proto-Germanic *anþeraz (“other, second”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énteros (“other”).
Cognate with Scots uther, ither (“other”), Old Frisian ōther, ("other"; > North Frisian üđer, ööder, ouder), Old Saxon ōthar (“other”), Old High German ander (“other”), Old Norse annarr, ǫðr-, aðr- (“other, second”), Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌰𐍂 (anþar, “other”), Old Prussian anters, antars (“other, second”), Lithuanian antroks (“other”, pronoun), Latvian otrs, otrais (“second”), Macedonian втор (vtor, "second"), Albanian ndërroj (“to change, switch, alternate”), Sanskrit अन्तर (ántara, “different”)
French autre, Spanish otro, Portuguese outro, etc., all from Latin alter, are false cognates.

cog

I durst, my lord, to wager she is honest, Lay down my soul at state; if you think other, Remove your thought;

c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 331, column 1:

Weigh also, the pretty escape of the disguised attempt of the party that seemed to be in so great peril, who can believe other, then that it was a made matter, to continue a belief, whom they think they have inchaunted at their wills.

1655, The Compleat Ambassador or two treatises of the intended marriage of Queen Elizabeth of glorious memory, page 321:

That he knew from Monsieur Meerman, I had been the occasion of giving him any Credit in England of an honest sincere Man, and he would never lose mine upon that occasion by giving the King Cause to believe other of him.

1740, William Temple, Letters written by Sir William Temple, bart., and other ministers of state, both at home and abroad, page 184:


how

From Middle English how, hou, hu, hwu, from Old English hū, from Proto-West Germanic *hwō, from Proto-Germanic *hwō (“through what, how”), from the same root as hwæt (“who, what”). /hw/ > /h/ due to wh-cluster reduction in Old English; compare who, which underwent this change later, and thus is spelt wh (Middle English spelling of /hw/) but pronounced /h/ (it previously had a different vowel, hence avoided the spelling and sound change in Old English). Vowel change per Great Vowel Shift.
Akin to Scots hoo, foo (“how”), Saterland Frisian wo (“how”), West Frisian hoe (“how”), Low German ho, wo, wu (“how”), Dutch hoe (“how”), German wie (“how”), Swedish hur (“how”). See who and compare why.

inh

don't teach your grandmother how to milk ducks

don't try to teach grandma how to suck eggs

it's not what you say but how you say it

How often do you practice?

The gauge indicated how hot the oven was.

No matter how early I came down, I would find him on the veranda, smoking cigarettes, or otherwise his man would be there with a message to say that his master would shortly join me if I would kindly wait.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, page 46:

How damaged is her self-esteem?

2013, Diane Sullivan Everstine, Louis Everstine, Strategic Interventions for People in Crisis, Trauma, and Disaster: Revised Edition, Routledge, →ISBN:

(interrogative) To what degree or extent.

How do you solve this puzzle?

How else can we get this finished?

She showed him how to do it.

(interrogative) In what manner:
By what means.

How should I know whether he likes raisins or not? Ask him!

(interrogative) In what manner:
With overtones of why, for what reason.

How do you sell your brandy? We sell it by the gallon, and not by the bottle.

1831, Nicolas Wanostrocht, A Grammar of the French Language: With Practical Exercises, page 372:

How does God appear in these religions? Hinduism has a thousand faces for God, some likable, some horrible. You can pick and choose your preferred image. Buddhism does not even have an image of God, but concentrates on man.

2005, Tim Stafford, Knowing the Face of God, Revised Edition: Deepening Your Personal Relationship with God, Wipf and Stock Publishers, →ISBN, page 191:

In what form, shape, measure, quantity, etc.

How the stock market interprets events has real consequences.

A heap of stamps? Yes. Stamps they were indeed, hundreds of penny Queen's Heads neatly mounted on the original sheets. "Good God!" exclaimed Mr. Erskine as he turned to Mr. Sackville, "how am I to take this, sir?" said he severely. "Where are the real stamps? Were they ever inside, ever in your possession at all? If it is a joke, it is a very poor one."

(interrogative) In what manner:
With what meaning or effect.

"How art thou called? Thy name make known; Thy father's name and family,—tell me thy father's and thine own."

1907, Edward Byles Cowell, The Jātaka: Or, Stories of the Buddha's Former Births, page 44:

Salutation—How does one address the recipient; what titles, greetings, and honorifics are preferred; how does one manage the problem of unknown gender;[…]

2015, Edmond H. Weiss, The Elements of International English Style: A Guide to Writing Correspondence, Reports, Technical Documents, and Internet Pages for a Global Audience, Routledge, →ISBN, page 111:

(interrogative) In what manner:
By what title or what name.

Shal. How a score of ewes now?
Sil. Thereafter as they be: a score of good ewes may be worth ten pounds.

c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

At what price, for what amount (of money).

Economics is a messy discipline: too fluid to be a science, too rigorous to be an art. Perhaps it is fitting that economists’ most-used metric, gross domestic product (GDP), is a tangle too.[…]But as a foundation for analysis it is highly subjective: it rests on difficult decisions about what counts as a territory, what counts as output and how to value it. Indeed, economists are still tweaking it.

2013 August 3, “Boundary problems”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:

How are you?

How was your vacation?

How's the new apartment? — The new apartment is great!
Audio (US): (file)

2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)

(interrogative) In what state or condition.

How very interesting!

How wonderful it was to receive your invitation.

Those were such happy times and not so long ago / How I wondered where they'd gone

1973, “Yesterday Once More”, in Now & Then, performed by the Carpenters:

How England had to fight for victory against this steely Denmark with an inspired keeper in Kasper Schmeichel, especially after conceding their first goal of the tournament to Mikkel Damsgaard's stunning free-kick after 30 minutes.

2021 July 7, Phil McNulty, “England 2-1 Denmark”, in BBC Sport:

(exclamative) Used as a modifier to indicate surprise, delight, or other strong feelings in an exclamation.

hoe

used as a modifier to indicate surprise, delight, or other strong feelings


sekali

[…] the instruction all says to deep fry them, so dared not buy - sekali raw dough, how to eat?

2004, Bug [pseudonym], soc.culture.singapore (Usenet):

[…] make sure he’s activated the right ringtone, sekali you, ahem, raise the wrong hopes.

2004 January 2, Colin Goh, The Sunday Times, Singapore, page L12:

(Singlish) What if, lest (something problematic or unanticipated happens)


loco

(music) A direction in written or printed music to be returning to the proper pitch after having played an octave higher or lower.


to

From Middle English to, from Old English tō, from Proto-Germanic *tō ~ *ta, from Proto-Indo-European *de ~ *do (“to”). Cognate with Scots tae, to (“to”), North Frisian to, tö, tu (“to”), Saterland Frisian tou (“to”), Low German to (“to”), Dutch toe (“to”), German zu (“to”), West Frisian ta (“to”). Non-Germanic cognates include Albanian ndaj (“towards”), Irish do (“to, for”), Breton da (“to, for”), Welsh i (“to, for”), Russian до (do, “to”). Doublet of too.

Please push the door to.

He went in his room, pushed the door to, without fastening the latch.

1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, “chapter 12”, in Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC:

Aware of the loud beating of my own heart I pulled the door to against the increasing rain.

1925, F[rancis] Scott Fitzgerald, chapter V, in The Great Gatsby, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC, page 104:

(regionalism) Toward a closed, touching or engaging position.


thick

en-adv

thick (comparative thicker, superlative thickest)

thicker (comparative)
thickest (superlative)

From Middle English thikke, from Old English þicce (“thick, dense”), from Proto-West Germanic *þikkwī, from Proto-Germanic *þekuz (“thick”), from Proto-Indo-European *tégus (“thick”).
Cognates
Cognate with Danish tyk (“thick”), Dutch dik (“thick”), Faroese tjúkkur (“thick”), German dick (“thick”), Icelandic þykkur (“thick”), Norwegian Bokmål tykk (“thick”), Norwegian Nynorsk tjukk (“thick”), Saterland Frisian tjuk (“thick”), Swedish tjock (“thick”). Related to Old Irish tiug (“thick”) and Welsh tew (“thick”).

Snow lay thick on the ground.

The arrows flew thick and fast around us.


south

From Middle English south, from Old English sūþ, from Proto-West Germanic *sunþr, from Proto-Germanic *sunþrą. Compare West Frisian súd, Dutch zuid, German Süd, Danish syd.

His fortunes have been going south ever since he was tricked into investing in that ostrich farm.

In an adverse direction or trend. (Mostly in go south.)


ad libitum

As much as desired, to one's fill, without restriction.


hitherto

[ˈhɪðəˌtʰuː]

[ˌhɪðəˈtʰuː]

From Middle English hiderto, corresponding to hither + to.

The exhaustless conjecturings of that evening's full conversation, made such of the small party, as had hitherto been strangers, well acquainted with each other's turn of mind[…]

1830, Anna Maria Porter, The Barony, volume 3, page 460:

The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.

1910 [1848 February 21], Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, chapter I, in Samuel Moore, transl., edited by Friedrich Engels, Manifesto of the Communist Party, Chicago: Charles H. Kerr & company, page 12:

The results of this study argue for a greater endonormativity in Indian English than has hitherto been recognised.

2014, James Lambert, “Diachronic stability in Indian English lexis”, in World Englishes, page 124:

North of Tain [...], the line reaches the southern shore of Dornoch Firth. Here, the railway and the A9 trunk road, which have hitherto run close together, diverge.

2021 October 20, Paul Stephen, “Leisure and pleasure on the Far North Line”, in RAIL, number 942, page 49:

(formal, also law) Up to this or that time or point.


west

PIE word
 *wek(ʷ)speros
From Middle English west, from Old English west, from Proto-West Germanic *westr, from Proto-Germanic *westrą.
Cognate with Scots wast, Saterland Frisian Wääste, West Frisian west, Dutch west, German West, Danish vest. Cognate also with Old French west, French ouest, Spanish oeste, Portuguese oeste, Catalan oest, Galician oeste, Italian ovest (all ultimately borrowings of the English word). Compare also Latin vesper (“evening”), with which it is possibly cognate via Proto-Indo-European.


buku

en-adverb

buku (comparative more buku, superlative most buku)

more buku (comparative)
most buku (superlative)

Alternative spelling of beaucoup (lots of)


eventually

From eventual + -ly. The third sense is influenced by any of several European languages, including Czech eventuálně, Swedish eventuellt.

Everyone's true colors will be revealed eventually.

It had taken nine years from the evening that Truman first showed up with a pie plate at her mother's door, but his dogged perseverance eventually won him the hand of his boyhood Sunday school crush.

2004, Chris Wallace, Character: Profiles in Presidential Courage:

In the end; at some later time, especially after a long time, a series of problems, struggles, delays or setbacks.

Eventually, all prime numbers are odd.

(mathematics, of a sequence) For some tail; for all terms beyond some term; with only finitely many exceptions.

I will come eventually, but haven't decided yet.

(proscribed, non-native speakers' English) Possibly, potentially, perhaps


east

→ Cornish: est

From Middle English est, from Old English ēast, from Proto-West Germanic *austr, from Proto-Germanic *austrą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewsér (“east”). Compare West Frisian east, Dutch oost, German Ost, Danish øst, Norwegian Nynorsk aust, Swedish öst.


as

From Middle English as, als(a), alswa, from Old English eallswā (“just so; as”), thus representing a reduced form of also. Compare German Low German as, German als, Dutch als.

You’re not as tall as I am.

It's not as well made, but it's twice as expensive.

“My Continental prominence is improving,” I commented dryly.
 Von Lindowe cut at a furze bush with his silver-mounted rattan.
 “Quite so,” he said as dryly, his hand at his mustache. “I may say if your intentions were known your life would not be worth a curse.”

1908, W[illiam] B[lair] M[orton] Ferguson, chapter IV, in Zollenstein, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:

She was like a Beardsley Salome, he had said. And indeed she had the narrow eyes and the high cheekbone of that creature, and as nearly the sinuosity as is compatible with human symmetry. His wooing had been brief but incisive.

1921, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:

To such an extent or degree; to the same extent or degree.

1865, The Act of Suicide as Distinct from the Crime of Self-Murder: A Sermon:

1937, Tobias Matthay, On Colouring as Distinct from Tone-inflection: A Lecture, London: Oxford University Press:

Considered to be, in relation to something else; in the relation (specified).

Likewise many other indulgences were by virtue hereof granted; as, to have a portatile altar, to receive the Sacrament privately; […]

1820, John Strype, The Life of the Learned Sir Thomas Smith, page 48:

First; original; indigenous; primitive; native; as, the aboriginal tribes of America.

1913, “Aboriginal”, in Webster's Unabridged Dictionary:

(dated) For example; for instance. (Compare such as.)


as

Shortening of as hell or as fuck or similar.

sweet as

It also appears in other positions in the sentence: his big as car could hardly fit.
It's pretty scratched, and dented as.

2021 May 17, “Language Matters: Sweet as is Kiwi as”, in Stuff:

(New Zealand, slang) Used to intensify an adjective; very much; extremely


ad lib

en-adv

ad lib (comparative more ad lib, superlative most ad lib)

more ad lib (comparative)
most ad lib (superlative)

Abbreviation of ad libitum, borrowed from New Latin ad libitum.

For one thing I had a splendid supper when I got on board—a whack of cold, lean beef and pighells, bread, butter ad lib., tea, and plenty of good bread.

1951, Katherine Mansfield, Letters to John Middleton Murry, 1913-1922:


hot

hot (comparative hotter, superlative hottest)

hotter (comparative)
hottest (superlative)

From Middle English hot, hat, from Old English hāt, from Proto-Germanic *haitaz (“hot”), from Proto-Indo-European *keHy- (“hot; to heat”). Cognate with Scots hate, hait (“hot”), North Frisian hiet (“hot”), Saterland Frisian heet (“hot”), West Frisian hjit (“hot”).

der

Oak burns hot and lasts a long time. Its smoke is a medium to heavy flavor but not too overpowering. It leaves a buttersmooth, nutty finish.

2013, Ted Reader, Gastro Grilling: Fired-up Recipes To Grill Great Everyday Meals, Penguin Canada, →ISBN:

Whatever happened, braking into the next-to-last hairpin, a blue-sky turn called Cog Cut, Durelle went in too hot.

He went in hotter than he could have, the Cforce snugging him into the bucket seat. At the first switchback, there was already a hundred-foot drop-off […]

2009, Dan Vining, Among the Living, Penguin, →ISBN:

He rolled over on his belly and raised up enough to see the second chopper coming in hotter, more deliberately than the first. Hollister grabbed Jrae by the ...

2014, Dennis Foley, Take Back the Night: A Novel of Vietnam, Open Road Media, →ISBN:

They were coming in hotter than Dash liked, nose down toward the watery surface […]

2016, Patrick Carman, Omega Rising, Random House Books for Young Readers, →ISBN, page 26:

“When landing on dirt, gravel, or pavement, you'll be coming in hotter, faster than a runway made of grass, so try and keep that in mind.

2019, David W. Nelson, Ghost Squadron: Wwii Teenage Pilot, →ISBN:

"You're coming in hotter than we'd like." "Roger that, Huygens, increasing reverse thrust by 20%."

We would pop over the riverbank and come down hot (shooting) on a designated target. […] We started rolling in hot with rockets, then suddenly we started taking fire from the […]

2015, Dave Barr, Four Flags, The Odyssey of a Professional Soldier: Part 1: US Marine Corps Vietnam 1969-72, Israeli Defence Force 1975-77, Helion and Company, →ISBN, page 121:

"Shakedown is rolling in hot in Nakhoney right now. You're just in time. They've been getting shot at and are in overwatch for India 21 patrolling," […]

2016, Stephen Robertson CD BA ATPL, Go for Shakedown, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN:

(especially in the phrase "come in hot", "go in hot") While shooting, while firing one's weapon(s).


ad hoc

en-adv

ad hoc (comparative more ad hoc, superlative most ad hoc)

more ad hoc (comparative)
most ad hoc (superlative)

Learned borrowing from New Latin ad hoc (“to this, for this”).


hither

From Old English hider, from Proto-Germanic *hidrê. Cognate with Latin citer.

He went hither and thither.

SATURNINUS: Go fetch them hither to us presently.
TITUS: Why, there they are, both baked in that pie,
Whereof their mother daintily hath fed,
Eating the flesh that she herself hath bred.

c. 1588–1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii]:

But the road left the river again; there were certainly twistings and turnings, as the old woman had said, for at one moment it wound hither and the next thither, and at some places it was almost imperceptible.

1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 280:

(literary or archaic) To this place, to here.


enough

From Middle English ynogh, from Old English ġenōg (“enough”), from Proto-Germanic *ganōgaz (“enough”) (compare Scots eneuch, West Frisian genôch, Dutch genoeg, German genug, Low German noog, Danish nok, Swedish nog, Icelandic nógur), from *ganuganą 'to suffice' (compare Old English ġeneah), or from *ga- + an unattested *nōgaz, probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂nó(n)ḱe (“he has reached, attained”), perfective of *h₂neḱ- (“to reach”) (compare Old Irish tánaic (“he arrived”), Latin nancisci (“to get”), Albanian kënaq (“to please, satisfy”)}.).

der

I cannot run fast enough to catch up to them.

You've worked enough; rest for a bit.

Of all the queer collections of humans outside of a crazy asylum, it seemed to me this sanitarium was the cup winner. […] When you're well enough off so's you don't have to fret about anything but your heft or your diseases you begin to get queer, I suppose.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter V, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

The preposterous altruism too![…]Resist not evil. It is an insane immolation of self—as bad intrinsically as fakirs stabbing themselves or anchorites warping their spines in caves scarcely large enough for a fair-sized dog.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XVI, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

‘No,’ said Luke, grinning at her. ‘You're not dull enough! […] What about the kid's clothes? I don't suppose they were anything to write home about, but didn't you keep anything? A bootee or a bit of embroidery or anything at all?’

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 15, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

He is ready enough to accept the offer.

I know you well enough; you are Signior Antonio.

1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:

“[…] it is not fair of you to bring against mankind double weapons ! Dangerous enough you are as woman alone, without bringing to your aid those gifts of mind suited to problems which men have been accustomed to arrogate to themselves.”

1910, Emerson Hough, chapter I, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

Fully; quite; used after adjectives to express slight augmentation of the positive degree, and sometimes equivalent to very.

Talking of Mr Smith, funnily enough, I saw him just the other day.

I left my camera on the train, but luckily enough someone handed it in to lost property.

Used after certain adverbs to emphasise that a quality is notable, unexpected, etc.


thither

From Middle English thider, from Old English þider, an alteration (probably by analogy with hider (“hither”)) of earlier þæder (“to there”), from Proto-Germanic *þadrê.

Behold now, this city is near to flee unto, and it is a little one: Oh, let me escape thither […]

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 19:20:

[…] Eleutherius, who thinking himself concern'd, because he brought me thither […]

1661, Robert Boyle, “Physiological Considerations Touching the Experiments Wont to be Employed to Evince either the IV Peripatetick Elements, or the III Chymical Principls of Mixt Bodies. Part of the First Dialogue.”, in The Sceptical Chymist: or Chymico-physical Doubts & Paradoxes, […], London: […] J. Cadwell for J. Crooke, […], →OCLC, page 9:

[A]ll thoſe goods, and a great deal of money in ſpecie, is return'd hither for and in ballance of our ovvn manufactures and merchandizes exported thither; […]

1725 (indicated as 1726), [Daniel Defoe], “Letter XXIII. Of the Inland Trade of England, Its Magnitude, and the Great Advantage It is to the Nation in General.”, in The Complete English Tradesman, in Familiar Letters; Directing Him in All the Several Parts and Progressions of Trade. […], volume I, London: […] Charles Rivington […], →OCLC, page 390:

1881, P. Chr. Asbjörnsen [i.e., Peter Christen Asbjørnsen], translated by H. L. Brækstad, Round the Yule Log. Norwegian Folk and Fairy Tales, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, →OCLC, page 280:

And there rises a shining palace whose crystal glittering roof is seen by mariners who traverse the extensive sea in barks built expressly for that purpose, and thither come all herds and fatlings and firstfruits of that land for O'Connell Fitzsimon takes toll of them, a chieftain descended from chieftains.

1922 February, James Joyce, Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:

(chiefly literary or law, archaic) To that place.

The argument tended thither.

(archaic) To that point, end, or result.


north

From Middle English north, from Old English norþ, from Proto-West Germanic *norþr, from Proto-Germanic *nurþrą, ultimately, these may derive from either: (a) Proto-Indo-European *h₁ner- (“inner, under”), from *h₁en (“in”); (b) alternatively from a Proto-Indo-European *ner- (“left, below”), as north is to the left when one faces the rising sun.
Cognate with various Germanic counterparts such as Dutch noord, West Frisian noard, German Nord, Danish and Norwegian nord; also with Greek νέρτερος (nérteros, “infernal, lower”).

cog

Switzerland is north of Italy.

We headed north.


since

From Middle English syns, synnes, contraction of earlier sithens, sithence, from sithen (“after, since”) ( + -s, adverbial genitive suffix), from Old English sīþþan, from the phrase sīþ þǣm (“after/since that (time)”), from sīþ (“since, after”) + þǣm dative singular of þæt. Cognate with Dutch sinds (“since”), German seit (“since”), Danish siden (“since”), Icelandic síðan (“since”) Scots syne (“since”).

I met him last year, but haven't seen him since.

A short/long time since


right

From Middle English right, righte, from Old English rihte, rehte (“right; rightly; due; directly; straight”), from Proto-Germanic *rehta, from *rehtaz (“right; straight”).

it doesn't matter what they say about you as long as they spell your name right

The arrow landed right in the middle of the target.

Luckily we arrived right at the start of the film.

Then there came a reg'lar terror of a sou'wester same as you don't get one summer in a thousand, and blowed the shanty flat and ripped about half of the weir poles out of the sand. We spent consider'ble money getting 'em reset, and then a swordfish got into the pound and tore the nets all to slathers, right in the middle of the squiteague season.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

Can't you see it? It's right beside you!

Tom was standing right in front of the TV, blocking everyone's view.

I made a right stupid mistake there, didn't I?

I stubbed my toe a week ago and it still hurts right much.

a right godly treatise

1549, John Calvin, Of the life or conuersation of a Christen man, a right godly treatise:

That's long enough for any small town." Lyon leaned forward. "Do you like Lawrenceville, Mr. Hill?" The driver cocked his head. "Aeah. Why not? Born here. It's a right nice town

1966, Jacqueline Susann, Valley of the Dolls, page 214:

Well, that would be right neighborly of you, miss.

But it would be right neighborly and Christian of you to put your own wants aside for a spell.

The fog was right hard to see through so I was on Tom Pritchard before I saw him.

2011, Ann Hite, Ghost on Black Mountain:

Kids nowadays were a right thrillproof bunch. The Armoury Section had, unexpectedly, proved to be a real moodclunker.

2015, Jeff Torrington, Swing Hammer Swing!, page 255:

(British, US, dialect) Very, extremely, quite.

According to fact or truth; actually; truly; really.

Do it right or don't do it at all.

Sir, I am right glad to meet you …

Members of the Queen's Privy Council are styled The Right Honourable for life.

The Right Reverend Monsignor Guido Sarducci.

Sith mercie in a Prince reſembleth right,
The gladſome ſunne-ſhine in a winters day, […]

1593, anonymous author, The Life and Death of Iacke Straw […], Act IV:

He b'iled right over, and the tongue-lashing he give that boss Right Liver beat anything I ever listened to. There was heap of Scriptur' language in it, and more brimstone than you'd find in a match factory.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter XIII, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

(dated, still used in some titles) To a great extent or degree.


good

en-adv

good (comparative better, superlative best)

Inherited from Middle English goode (“good, well”, adverb), from the adjective. Compare Dutch goed (“good, well”, adverb), German gut (“good, well”, adverb), Danish godt (“good, well”, adverb), Swedish gott (“good, well”, adverb), all from the adjective.

inh+

The boy done good. (did well)

If Silvertip refuses to give you the horse, grab him before he can draw a weapon, and beat him good. You're big enough to do it.

1906, Zane Grey, The Spirit of the Border: A Romance of the Early Settlers in the Ohio Valley:

I kept my eyes peeled for signs of pursuit. There was none, unless I was being fooled very good.

1970, Troy Conway, The Cunning Linguist, London: Flamingo Books, page 66:

She said, "I don't want to bother you / Consider it's understood / I know I'm not no beauty queen / But I sure can listen good."

1972, Harry Chapin (lyrics and music), “A Better Place to Be”, in Sniper and Other Love Songs:

Marsellus fucked him up good. Word 'round the campfire is it was on account of Marsellus Wallace's wife.

1994, Quentin Tarantino, Roger Avary, Pulp Fiction, spoken by Jules (Samuel L. Jackson):

The one thing that we can't do...is throw out the baby with the bathwater.... We know our process works pretty darn good and, uh, it’s really sparked this amazing phenomenon of this...high-quality website.

2007 April 19, Jimmy Wales, “Jimmy Wales on the User-Generated Generation”, Fresh Air, WHYY, Pennsylvania https://web.archive.org/web/20070423020137/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=9683874

"They're travellin' good now. We'll leave them be."

2010, Monte Dwyer, Red in the Centre: Through a Crooked Lens, Monyer Pty Ltd, page 14:

Admiral Anderson: You did good, child. You did good. I'm proud of you.

2012, BioWare, Mass Effect 3 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Citadel (Priority: Earth):

(nonstandard) Well; satisfactorily or thoroughly.


not

From Middle English not, nat, variant of noght, naht (“not, nothing”), from Old English *nōht, nāht (“nought, nothing”), short for nōwiht, nāwiht (“nothing”, literally “not anything”), corresponding to ne (“not”) + ōwiht, āwiht (“anything”), corresponding to ā (“ever, always”) + wiht (“thing, creature”).
Cognate with Scots nat, naucht (“not”), Saterland Frisian nit (“not”), West Frisian net (“not”), Dutch niet (“not”), German nicht (“not”). Compare nought, naught and aught. More at no, wight, whit.

People have got to know whether or not their president is a crook. Well, I'm not a crook. I've earned everything I've got.

1973 November 17, Richard Milhous Nixon, Orlando press conference

The sound of Abba singing ‘Dancing Queen’ had started up in a room the other side of the court. Adrian slammed the window shut.
‘That’ll teach you to throw things out of the window,’ said Gary.
‘It’ll teach me not to throw things out of the window.’

1991 September, Stephen Fry, chapter 2, in The Liar, London: Heinemann, →ISBN, →OCLC, section I, page 42:

I want to say one thing to the American people. I want you to listen to me. I'm going to say this again: I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky.

1998 January 26, William Jefferson Clinton, White House press conference

Oh, Pete. This is not the gym. — That’s right, Anna. This is the mailroom.
Audio (US): (file)

2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)

Did you take out the trash? No, I did not.

Not knowing any better, I went ahead.

Negates the meaning of the modified verb.

ня

not standard in writing, despite common unstressed pronunciation

않다 (anta) (auxiliary verb, follows verb stem + 지)

hoki

used in a question when expecting an affirmative answer

use negative conjugated forms of the verb

Expectation: Everybody in the family has to love everybody else.
Reaction: Not the ghost of Christmas past, present, or future could pull this one off unless feeling is already there.

1984 December 22, John Stout, “Home for the Holidays: Survival Strategies for Gays”, in Gay Community News, volume 12, number 23, page 5:

That is not red; it's green.

It's not you, it's me.

That day was not the best day of my life. (meaning the day was bad or awful)

It was not my favorite movie of all time. (meaning the speaker dislikes or strongly dislikes the movie)

In the not too distant future my view on the matter might be not a million miles away from yours.

(litotes) Used to indicate the opposite or near opposite, often in a form of understatement.

Oh god, not that! Anything but that!

Not another rainy day!

determiner phrase
determiner phrase#English

pronominal phrase
pronominal phrase#English

Used before a determiner phrase, a pronominal phrase etc. to convey a negative attitude (e.g. denial, sadness, anger) towards something.

Not me writing example sentences again. ― Oh my, there I go writing example sentences again!

Not me crying by the end of that!! You are a brilliant, beautiful human who deserves no less than the world. Thank you for taking the time to watch unicorn store. It’s a film that means so much to me.

2023 July 8, @brielarson [Brie Larson], Twitter:

[Keke] Palmer tells Hoda Kotb and Jenna Bush Hager to “mind y'all's business” when they ask about her relationship with [Darius] Jackson. ¶ “Not y’all trying to get into it! They trying it on the Today show,” Palmer joked when the subject was first brought up on Today With Hoda & Jenna.

2023 December 9, “Keke Palmer and Darius Jackson: A Complete Relationship Timeline”, in Glamour:

(ironic, informal, originally African-American Vernacular) Used before a non-finite clause (especially a gerund-participial clause) or less commonly a determiner phrase to ironically convey some attitude (e.g. surprise, incredulity, amusement, embarrassment) towards something.


this

From Middle English this, from Old English þis (neuter demonstrative), from North Sea Germanic base *þa- "that", from Proto-Germanic *þat, from Proto-Indo-European *tód, extended form of demonstrative base *to-; + North-West Germanic definitive suffix -s, from Proto-Indo-European *só (“this, that”).
Cognate with Scots this (“this”), Saterland Frisian dusse (“this”), West Frisian dizze (“this”), German dies, dieses (“this”), Old Gutnish þissi (“this”).

I need this much water.

Do we need this many recommendations?

We've already come this far, we can't turn back now.


ben

From Middle English ben, bene, variation of bin, binne (“within”), from Old English binnan (“within, in, inside of, into”), equivalent to be- + in.


so

From Middle English so, swo, zuo, swa, swe, from Old English swā, swǣ, swē (“so, as, the same, such, that”), from Proto-West Germanic *swā, from Proto-Germanic *swa, *swē (“so”), from Proto-Indo-European *swē, *swō (reflexive pronomial stem). Cognate with Scots sae (“so”), Saterland Frisian so (“so”), West Frisian sa (“so”), Dutch zo (“so”), German Low German so (“so”), German so (“so”), Danish så (“so”), Norwegian Nynorsk so (“so”), Swedish så (“so, such that”), Faroese so (“so”), Icelandic svo (“so”), Old Latin suad (“so”), Albanian sa (“how much, so, as”), Ancient Greek ὡς (hōs, “as”), Urdu سو (sō, “hence”).

the pitcher goes so often to the well that it is broken at last

there are none so blind as those who will not see

there's none so blind as those who will not see

It was so hot outside that all the plants died.

He was so good, they hired him on the spot.

You behaviour so incensed me that I even thought of firing you.

Thinks I to myself, “Sol, you're run off your course again. This is a rich man's summer ‘cottage’[…].” So I started to back away again into the bushes. But I hadn't backed more'n a couple of yards when I see something so amazing that I couldn't help scooching down behind the bayberries and looking at it.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

Whether modern, industrial man is less or more warlike than his hunter-gatherer ancestors is impossible to determine. The machine gun is so much more lethal than the bow and arrow that comparisons are meaningless.

2013 July 20, “Old soldiers?”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:

I need a piece of cloth so long. [= this long]

There are only so many hours in a day.

We drove back to the office with some concern on my part at the prospect of so large a case. Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

I feel so much better now.

I so nearly lost my temper.

It’s not so bad. [i.e. it's acceptable]

Captain Edward Carlisle[…]felt a curious sensation of helplessness seize upon him as he met her steady gaze,[…]; he could not tell what this prisoner might do. He cursed the fate which had assigned such a duty, cursed especially that fate which forced a gallant soldier to meet so superb a woman as this under handicap so hard.

1910, Emerson Hough, chapter I, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

But I so want to see the Queen when she visits our town!

Molly the dairymaid came a little way from the rickyard, and said she would pluck the pigeon that very night after work. She was always ready to do anything for us boys; and we could never quite make out why they scolded her so for an idle hussy indoors. It seemed so unjust.

1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:

I so wanted to be Jess Harley again.

1989, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles #5, Archie Comics:

Yeah! Not eating is so 90’s!

2003 April 16, Michael Stokes, “I, Dude”, in Totally Spies!, season 2, episode 9, spoken by Clover (Andrea Taylor), Marathon Media, via Teletoon:

That is so not true!

Very much.
(informal) at all (negative clause).

Place the napkin on the table just so. If that's what you mean, then say so; (or do so).

1963, Mike Hawker, Ivor Raymonde (music and lyrics), Dusty Springfield (vocalist), I Only Want to Be with You (single),
Don′t know what it is that makes me love you so, / I only know I never want to let you go.

Just as you have the right to your free speech, so I have the right to mine.  Many people say she's the world's greatest athlete, but I don't think so.  "I can count backwards from one hundred." "So can I."

‘There're another two.’ ‘So there are.’

He wants to eat now. So does she.

"Good morrow to thee, jolly fellow," quoth Robin, "thou seemest happy this merry morn." ¶ "Ay, that am I," quoth the jolly Butcher, "and why should I not be so? Am I not hale in wind and limb? Have I not the bonniest lass in all Nottinghamshire? And lastly, am I not to be married to her on Thursday next in sweet Locksley Town?"

1883, Howard Pyle, chapter V, in The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood […], New York, N.Y.: […] Charles Scribner’s Sons […], →OCLC:

The work thus done has probably been of the greatest value to the human race; but, just as in other cases it has sometimes happened that the effort to do a certain work has resulted in the end in an unbalanced exaggeration so here.

1920, Edward Carpenter, Pagan and Christian Creeds, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., published 1921, page 192:

It was a goal that meant West Ham won on their first appearance at Wembley in 31 years, in doing so becoming the first team since Leicester in 1996 to bounce straight back to the Premier League through the play-offs.

2012 May 19, Paul Fletcher, “Blackpool 1-2 West Ham”, in BBC Sport:

it's okay to be different
'Cause baby, so am I

2019, Amanda Koci, Henry Walter, Charlie Puth, Maria Smith, Victor Thellm, Gigi Grombacher, Roland Spreckle (lyrics and music), “So Am I”, performed by Ava Max:

In the same manner or to the same extent as aforementioned; likewise, also.

so far as;  so long as;  so much as

(with as): To such an extent or degree; as.


unvisibly

en-adv

unvisibly (comparative more unvisibly, superlative most unvisibly)

more unvisibly (comparative)
most unvisibly (superlative)


invisibly

invisibly (comparative more invisibly, superlative most invisibly)

more invisibly (comparative)
most invisibly (superlative)

In a way that can not be seen; in an invisible manner.


i.e.

From Latin i. e., a Latinistic abbreviation of id est (“that is”).

While the final episode was made, the show itself was immediately cancelled after the penultimate episode i.e. the final episode never aired.

[N]o drunkard (i.e.) no Habituall, Impenitent drunkard, ſhall come into Gods Kingdome.

1658, Thomas Hall, “[Chap. 3.] Verse 2. For men shall be lovers of themselves, Covetous, Boasters, Proud, Blasphemers, disobedient to Parents, unthankfull, unholy, &c.”, in A Practical and Polemical Commentary: Or, Exposition upon the Third and Fourth Chapters of the Latter Epistle of Saint Paul to Timothy. […], London: Printed by E. Tyler, for John Starkey, […], →OCLC, [https://books.google.com/books?id=LvwqAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA95 page [95]]:

(initialism) That is, namely, in other words, that is to say.


fell

fell (comparative more fell, superlative most fell)

more fell (comparative)
most fell (superlative)

From Middle English fel, fell (“strong, fierce, terrible, cruel, angry”), either from Old French fel or from Old English *fel, *felo, *fæle (“cruel, savage, fierce”) (only in compounds, wælfel (“bloodthirsty”), ealfelo (“evil, baleful”), ælfæle (“very dire”), etc.), from Proto-West Germanic *fali, *falu, from Proto-Germanic *faluz (“wicked, cruel, terrifying”). Cognate with Old Frisian fal (“cruel”), Middle Dutch fel (“wrathful, cruel, bad, base”), German Low German fell (“rash, swift”), Danish fæl (“disgusting, hideous, ghastly, grim”). Compare also Middle High German vālant (“imp”) and Dutch fel (“fierce, feisty, bitter”). See felon.