See towards in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for towards meaning in English (7.4kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "towardes"
},
"expansion": "Middle English towardes",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tōweardes"
},
"expansion": "Old English tōweardes",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "tōwærdes"
},
"expansion": "tōwærdes",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "toward",
"3": "-s",
"id2": "adverbial",
"pos2": "adverbial suffix"
},
"expansion": "toward + -s (adverbial suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English towardes, from Old English tōweardes, tōwærdes, equivalent to toward + -s (adverbial suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prepositions",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "towards",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "towards",
"name": "en-prep"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"to‧wards"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "toward"
}
],
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "fromward"
},
{
"word": "fromwards"
}
],
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gear towards"
},
{
"word": "go towards"
},
{
"word": "lean towards"
},
{
"word": "pay towards"
},
{
"word": "with an eye towards"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1835, Sir John Ross, Sir James Clark Ross, Narrative of a Second Voyage in Search of a North-west Passage …, Volume 1, pages 284–5",
"text": "Towards the following morning, the thermometer fell to 5°; and at daylight, there was not an atom of water to be seen in any direction.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1960 December, Voyageur, “The Mountain Railways of the Bernese Oberland”, in Trains Illustrated, page 752",
"text": "To the left towers the Jungfrau, with the train heading directly towards it.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011 October 1, Phil McNulty, “Everton 0-2 Liverpool”, in BBC Sport",
"text": "But with Goodison Park openly directing its full hostility towards Atkinson, Liverpool went ahead when Carroll turned in his first Premier League goal of the season after 70 minutes.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of toward"
],
"id": "en-towards-en-prep-7OFfk~JL",
"links": [
[
"toward",
"toward#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "w:Adverbial genitive"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "toward"
}
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/təˈwɔːdz/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰə̥ˈwɔːdz]",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔːdz/",
"tags": [
"traditional"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʊˈwɔɹdz/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔɹdz/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtoʊɚdz/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰə̥ˈwɔɹ̠d̠z]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰw̥ɔɹ̠d̠z]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɘˈwoːdz/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰɘ̥ˈwoːdz]",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰw̥oːdz]",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)dz"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːdz"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-towards.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/En-us-towards.ogg/En-us-towards.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/En-us-towards.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "towards"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "towardes"
},
"expansion": "Middle English towardes",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tōweardes"
},
"expansion": "Old English tōweardes",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "tōwærdes"
},
"expansion": "tōwærdes",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "toward",
"3": "-s",
"id2": "adverbial",
"pos2": "adverbial suffix"
},
"expansion": "toward + -s (adverbial suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English towardes, from Old English tōweardes, tōwærdes, equivalent to toward + -s (adverbial suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "towards (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"to‧wards"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"In the direction of something (indicated by context)."
],
"id": "en-towards-en-adv-nWhum88H",
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/təˈwɔːdz/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰə̥ˈwɔːdz]",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔːdz/",
"tags": [
"traditional"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʊˈwɔɹdz/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔɹdz/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtoʊɚdz/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰə̥ˈwɔɹ̠d̠z]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰw̥ɔɹ̠d̠z]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɘˈwoːdz/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰɘ̥ˈwoːdz]",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰw̥oːdz]",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)dz"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːdz"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-towards.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/En-us-towards.ogg/En-us-towards.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/En-us-towards.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "towards"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "towardes"
},
"expansion": "Middle English towardes",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tōweardes"
},
"expansion": "Old English tōweardes",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "tōwærdes"
},
"expansion": "tōwærdes",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "toward",
"3": "-s",
"id2": "adverbial",
"pos2": "adverbial suffix"
},
"expansion": "toward + -s (adverbial suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English towardes, from Old English tōweardes, tōwærdes, equivalent to toward + -s (adverbial suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "towards (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"to‧wards"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "60 24 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 12 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 17 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -s (adverbial)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Near; at hand; in state of preparation; toward."
],
"id": "en-towards-en-adj-1cvDOTnc",
"links": [
[
"toward",
"toward"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/təˈwɔːdz/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰə̥ˈwɔːdz]",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔːdz/",
"tags": [
"traditional"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʊˈwɔɹdz/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔɹdz/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtoʊɚdz/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰə̥ˈwɔɹ̠d̠z]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰw̥ɔɹ̠d̠z]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɘˈwoːdz/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰɘ̥ˈwoːdz]",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰw̥oːdz]",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)dz"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːdz"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-towards.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/En-us-towards.ogg/En-us-towards.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/En-us-towards.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "towards"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prepositions",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms suffixed with -s (adverbial)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"Rhymes:English/oːdz",
"Rhymes:English/oːdz/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)dz",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)dz/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)dz/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gear towards"
},
{
"word": "go towards"
},
{
"word": "lean towards"
},
{
"word": "pay towards"
},
{
"word": "with an eye towards"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "towardes"
},
"expansion": "Middle English towardes",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tōweardes"
},
"expansion": "Old English tōweardes",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "tōwærdes"
},
"expansion": "tōwærdes",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "toward",
"3": "-s",
"id2": "adverbial",
"pos2": "adverbial suffix"
},
"expansion": "toward + -s (adverbial suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English towardes, from Old English tōweardes, tōwærdes, equivalent to toward + -s (adverbial suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prepositions",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "towards",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "towards",
"name": "en-prep"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"to‧wards"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prep",
"related": [
{
"word": "w:Adverbial genitive"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "toward"
}
],
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "fromward"
},
{
"word": "fromwards"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1835, Sir John Ross, Sir James Clark Ross, Narrative of a Second Voyage in Search of a North-west Passage …, Volume 1, pages 284–5",
"text": "Towards the following morning, the thermometer fell to 5°; and at daylight, there was not an atom of water to be seen in any direction.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1960 December, Voyageur, “The Mountain Railways of the Bernese Oberland”, in Trains Illustrated, page 752",
"text": "To the left towers the Jungfrau, with the train heading directly towards it.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011 October 1, Phil McNulty, “Everton 0-2 Liverpool”, in BBC Sport",
"text": "But with Goodison Park openly directing its full hostility towards Atkinson, Liverpool went ahead when Carroll turned in his first Premier League goal of the season after 70 minutes.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of toward"
],
"links": [
[
"toward",
"toward#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "toward"
}
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/təˈwɔːdz/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰə̥ˈwɔːdz]",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔːdz/",
"tags": [
"traditional"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʊˈwɔɹdz/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔɹdz/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtoʊɚdz/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰə̥ˈwɔɹ̠d̠z]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰw̥ɔɹ̠d̠z]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɘˈwoːdz/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰɘ̥ˈwoːdz]",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰw̥oːdz]",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)dz"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːdz"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-towards.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/En-us-towards.ogg/En-us-towards.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/En-us-towards.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "towards"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prepositions",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms suffixed with -s (adverbial)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"Rhymes:English/oːdz",
"Rhymes:English/oːdz/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)dz",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)dz/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)dz/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "towardes"
},
"expansion": "Middle English towardes",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tōweardes"
},
"expansion": "Old English tōweardes",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "tōwærdes"
},
"expansion": "tōwærdes",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "toward",
"3": "-s",
"id2": "adverbial",
"pos2": "adverbial suffix"
},
"expansion": "toward + -s (adverbial suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English towardes, from Old English tōweardes, tōwærdes, equivalent to toward + -s (adverbial suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "towards (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"to‧wards"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"In the direction of something (indicated by context)."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/təˈwɔːdz/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰə̥ˈwɔːdz]",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔːdz/",
"tags": [
"traditional"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʊˈwɔɹdz/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔɹdz/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtoʊɚdz/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰə̥ˈwɔɹ̠d̠z]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰw̥ɔɹ̠d̠z]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɘˈwoːdz/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰɘ̥ˈwoːdz]",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰw̥oːdz]",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)dz"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːdz"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-towards.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/En-us-towards.ogg/En-us-towards.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/En-us-towards.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "towards"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prepositions",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms suffixed with -s (adverbial)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"Rhymes:English/oːdz",
"Rhymes:English/oːdz/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)dz",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)dz/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)dz/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "towardes"
},
"expansion": "Middle English towardes",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tōweardes"
},
"expansion": "Old English tōweardes",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "tōwærdes"
},
"expansion": "tōwærdes",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "toward",
"3": "-s",
"id2": "adverbial",
"pos2": "adverbial suffix"
},
"expansion": "toward + -s (adverbial suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English towardes, from Old English tōweardes, tōwærdes, equivalent to toward + -s (adverbial suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "towards (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"to‧wards"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Near; at hand; in state of preparation; toward."
],
"links": [
[
"toward",
"toward"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/təˈwɔːdz/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰə̥ˈwɔːdz]",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔːdz/",
"tags": [
"traditional"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʊˈwɔɹdz/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔɹdz/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtoʊɚdz/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰə̥ˈwɔɹ̠d̠z]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰw̥ɔɹ̠d̠z]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɘˈwoːdz/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰɘ̥ˈwoːdz]",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tʰw̥oːdz]",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)dz"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːdz"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-towards.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/En-us-towards.ogg/En-us-towards.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/En-us-towards.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "towards"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (82c8ff9 and f4967a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.