See t-style in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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Later on when he knew me better he mixed the two styles when he told me stories (and, of course, always used the k-style when we talked together with no recorder on, no matter what the subject was).", "type": "quote" }, { "bold_text_offsets": [ [ 25, 26 ], [ 30, 31 ], [ 47, 53 ], [ 49, 50 ], [ 63, 64 ], [ 67, 68 ], [ 70, 71 ], [ 76, 77 ], [ 89, 90 ], [ 93, 99 ], [ 95, 96 ], [ 109, 110 ], [ 116, 117 ], [ 136, 137 ], [ 145, 146 ], [ 149, 150 ], [ 153, 154 ], [ 156, 157 ], [ 162, 163 ], [ 187, 188 ], [ 233, 234 ] ], "ref": "2001 August, John F. Mayer, “Abstract”, in Code-Switching in Samoan: T-style and K-style (Theses for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy; 4121), Honolulu, Haw.: University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, →OCLC, page 2:", "text": "The diachronic development of the oral-based k--style concurrent with the literary-based t'''-style has resulted in their unique co-existence in the twentieth century, and has given rise to clearly defined domains of usage for each style.", "type": "quote" }, { "bold_text_offsets": [ [ 4, 5 ], [ 9, 10 ], [ 38, 39 ], [ 47, 48 ], [ 57, 58 ], [ 65, 66 ], [ 68, 69 ], [ 72, 73 ], [ 76, 82 ], [ 78, 79 ], [ 88, 89 ], [ 102, 103 ], [ 115, 116 ], [ 124, 125 ], [ 127, 128 ], [ 174, 175 ], [ 192, 193 ], [ 199, 200 ], [ 235, 236 ], [ 251, 257 ], [ 253, 254 ], [ 276, 277 ], [ 280, 281 ], [ 302, 303 ], [ 305, 306 ], [ 316, 317 ], [ 361, 362 ], [ 371, 372 ], [ 375, 381 ], [ 377, 378 ], [ 385, 386 ], [ 401, 402 ], [ 406, 407 ], [ 408, 409 ], [ 425, 426 ], [ 427, 428 ], [ 437, 438 ], [ 481, 482 ], [ 496, 497 ], [ 504, 505 ], [ 510, 511 ], [ 541, 542 ], [ 544, 545 ], [ 553, 554 ], [ 555, 556 ], [ 558, 559 ], [ 560, 561 ], [ 572, 573 ], [ 581, 582 ], [ 599, 600 ], [ 606, 607 ], [ 617, 618 ], [ 624, 625 ], [ 635, 636 ], [ 638, 639 ], [ 654, 655 ], [ 673, 674 ], [ 687, 688 ] ], "ref": "2004, Janet Holmes, Maria Stubbe, “Strategic code-switching in New Zealand workplaces: Scaffolding, solidarity and identity construction”, in Multilingual Communication (Hamburg Studies on Multilingualism; 3), Amsterdam; Philadelphia, Pa.: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, part II (Code-switching), pages 139–140:", "text": "The two styles are in a diglossic relationship to one another, with the t'''-style used to mark respect and formality in contexts such as preaching, prayer and radio broadcasts, and in conjunction with use of “chiefly language”, while the colloquial k-style is used in more intimate and/or informal contexts such as the home, when joking, and in casual conversation. The t'''-style is the one usually taught to foreigners, but the majority of younger New Zealand-born Samoans do not have full mastery of this style or of chiefly language, with the result that they have a tendency to hang back from talk with older interlocutors in contexts where use of these more formal styles is expected (Hunkin 2003).", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "The consonant system of formal Samoan, differing from that of colloquial Samoan in a few particulars, among them the pronunciation of /t/ as [t]." ], "id": "en-t-style-en-noun-B4Xujz8Y", "links": [ [ "consonant", "consonant" ], [ "system", "system" ], [ "formal", "formal" ], [ "Samoan", "Samoan" ], [ "colloquial", "colloquial" ] ], "tags": [ "uncountable" ] } ], "word": "t-style" }
{ "coordinate_terms": [ { "word": "k-style" } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "-", "head": "t-style" }, "expansion": "t-style (uncountable)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English multiword terms", "English nouns", "English terms containing italics", "English terms with quotations", "English uncountable nouns", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "en:Samoa" ], "examples": [ { "bold_text_offsets": [ [ 14, 15 ], [ 15, 16 ], [ 22, 23 ], [ 49, 50 ], [ 77, 78 ], [ 81, 82 ], [ 88, 89 ], [ 99, 100 ], [ 103, 109 ], [ 105, 106 ], [ 113, 114 ], [ 130, 131 ], [ 133, 134 ], [ 157, 163 ], [ 159, 160 ], [ 168, 169 ], [ 176, 177 ], [ 187, 188 ], [ 190, 191 ], [ 194, 200 ], [ 196, 197 ], [ 203, 204 ], [ 217, 218 ], [ 224, 225 ], [ 249, 250 ], [ 250, 251 ], [ 263, 264 ], [ 267, 268 ], [ 272, 273 ], [ 286, 287 ], [ 295, 296 ], [ 331, 332 ], [ 336, 342 ], [ 338, 339 ], [ 351, 352 ], [ 358, 359 ], [ 362, 363 ], [ 369, 370 ], [ 393, 394 ], [ 394, 395 ], [ 401, 402 ], [ 403, 404 ], [ 413, 414 ] ], "ref": "1987, Even Hovdhaugen, “The Story about Tigilauma’olo”, in From the Land of Nāfanua: Samoan Oral Texts in Transcription with Translation, Notes, and Vocabulary (Series B; 72), Oslo: Norwegian University Press; Institute for Comparative Research in Human Culture, →ISBN, page 19:", "text": "In a formal setting with an unknown papālagi visitor, a Samoan would be expected to use the formal t'''-style, but Ali’imalemanu started his performance in k-style and then switched over to t'''-style after a few minutes. Later on when he knew me better he mixed the two styles when he told me stories (and, of course, always used the k-style when we talked together with no recorder on, no matter what the subject was).", "type": "quote" }, { "bold_text_offsets": [ [ 25, 26 ], [ 30, 31 ], [ 47, 53 ], [ 49, 50 ], [ 63, 64 ], [ 67, 68 ], [ 70, 71 ], [ 76, 77 ], [ 89, 90 ], [ 93, 99 ], [ 95, 96 ], [ 109, 110 ], [ 116, 117 ], [ 136, 137 ], [ 145, 146 ], [ 149, 150 ], [ 153, 154 ], [ 156, 157 ], [ 162, 163 ], [ 187, 188 ], [ 233, 234 ] ], "ref": "2001 August, John F. Mayer, “Abstract”, in Code-Switching in Samoan: T-style and K-style (Theses for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy; 4121), Honolulu, Haw.: University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, →OCLC, page 2:", "text": "The diachronic development of the oral-based k--style concurrent with the literary-based t'''-style has resulted in their unique co-existence in the twentieth century, and has given rise to clearly defined domains of usage for each style.", "type": "quote" }, { "bold_text_offsets": [ [ 4, 5 ], [ 9, 10 ], [ 38, 39 ], [ 47, 48 ], [ 57, 58 ], [ 65, 66 ], [ 68, 69 ], [ 72, 73 ], [ 76, 82 ], [ 78, 79 ], [ 88, 89 ], [ 102, 103 ], [ 115, 116 ], [ 124, 125 ], [ 127, 128 ], [ 174, 175 ], [ 192, 193 ], [ 199, 200 ], [ 235, 236 ], [ 251, 257 ], [ 253, 254 ], [ 276, 277 ], [ 280, 281 ], [ 302, 303 ], [ 305, 306 ], [ 316, 317 ], [ 361, 362 ], [ 371, 372 ], [ 375, 381 ], [ 377, 378 ], [ 385, 386 ], [ 401, 402 ], [ 406, 407 ], [ 408, 409 ], [ 425, 426 ], [ 427, 428 ], [ 437, 438 ], [ 481, 482 ], [ 496, 497 ], [ 504, 505 ], [ 510, 511 ], [ 541, 542 ], [ 544, 545 ], [ 553, 554 ], [ 555, 556 ], [ 558, 559 ], [ 560, 561 ], [ 572, 573 ], [ 581, 582 ], [ 599, 600 ], [ 606, 607 ], [ 617, 618 ], [ 624, 625 ], [ 635, 636 ], [ 638, 639 ], [ 654, 655 ], [ 673, 674 ], [ 687, 688 ] ], "ref": "2004, Janet Holmes, Maria Stubbe, “Strategic code-switching in New Zealand workplaces: Scaffolding, solidarity and identity construction”, in Multilingual Communication (Hamburg Studies on Multilingualism; 3), Amsterdam; Philadelphia, Pa.: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, part II (Code-switching), pages 139–140:", "text": "The two styles are in a diglossic relationship to one another, with the t'''-style used to mark respect and formality in contexts such as preaching, prayer and radio broadcasts, and in conjunction with use of “chiefly language”, while the colloquial k-style is used in more intimate and/or informal contexts such as the home, when joking, and in casual conversation. The t'''-style is the one usually taught to foreigners, but the majority of younger New Zealand-born Samoans do not have full mastery of this style or of chiefly language, with the result that they have a tendency to hang back from talk with older interlocutors in contexts where use of these more formal styles is expected (Hunkin 2003).", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "The consonant system of formal Samoan, differing from that of colloquial Samoan in a few particulars, among them the pronunciation of /t/ as [t]." ], "links": [ [ "consonant", "consonant" ], [ "system", "system" ], [ "formal", "formal" ], [ "Samoan", "Samoan" ], [ "colloquial", "colloquial" ] ], "tags": [ "uncountable" ] } ], "word": "t-style" }
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-07-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-07-01 using wiktextract (45c4a21 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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