"shtum" meaning in English

See shtum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ʃtʊm/ Audio: en-uk-shtum.oga Forms: schtoom [alternative], schtum [alternative], shtoom [alternative], shtumm [alternative]
Rhymes: -ʊm Etymology: Borrowed from Yiddish שטום (shtum, “mute, dumb, voiceless”), from Middle High German stum, from Old High German stum, from Proto-West Germanic *stumm. Cognate with German stumm, Dutch stom, Swedish stum. Doublet of stum. Etymology templates: {{bor|en|yi|שטום||mute, dumb, voiceless}} Yiddish שטום (shtum, “mute, dumb, voiceless”), {{der|en|gmh|stum}} Middle High German stum, {{der|en|goh|stum}} Old High German stum, {{der|en|gmw-pro|*stumm}} Proto-West Germanic *stumm, {{cog|de|stumm}} German stumm, {{cog|nl|stom}} Dutch stom, {{cog|sv|stum}} Swedish stum, {{doublet|en|stum}} Doublet of stum Head templates: {{en-adj|-}} shtum (not comparable)
  1. Silent; speechless; dumb. Tags: not-comparable Derived forms: keep shtum Translations (silent; speechless; dumb): stom (Dutch), stumm (German), stum (Swedish)

Alternative forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "yi",
        "3": "שטום",
        "4": "",
        "5": "mute, dumb, voiceless"
      },
      "expansion": "Yiddish שטום (shtum, “mute, dumb, voiceless”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmh",
        "3": "stum"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German stum",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "goh",
        "3": "stum"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German stum",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*stumm"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stumm",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "stumm"
      },
      "expansion": "German stumm",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "stom"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch stom",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "stum"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish stum",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "stum"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of stum",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Yiddish שטום (shtum, “mute, dumb, voiceless”), from Middle High German stum, from Old High German stum, from Proto-West Germanic *stumm. Cognate with German stumm, Dutch stom, Swedish stum. Doublet of stum.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "schtoom",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schtum",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shtoom",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shtumm",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "shtum (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
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          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
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          "name": "Pages with entries",
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          "source": "w"
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          "name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Silence",
          "orig": "en:Silence",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "keep shtum"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Silent; speechless; dumb."
      ],
      "id": "en-shtum-en-adj-hW7EvXLI",
      "links": [
        [
          "Silent",
          "silent"
        ],
        [
          "speechless",
          "speechless"
        ],
        [
          "dumb",
          "dumb"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "silent; speechless; dumb",
          "word": "stom"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "silent; speechless; dumb",
          "word": "stumm"
        },
        {
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "silent; speechless; dumb",
          "word": "stum"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʃtʊm/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-uk-shtum.oga",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/En-uk-shtum.oga/En-uk-shtum.oga.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/En-uk-shtum.oga"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʊm"
    }
  ],
  "word": "shtum"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "keep shtum"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "yi",
        "3": "שטום",
        "4": "",
        "5": "mute, dumb, voiceless"
      },
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      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmh",
        "3": "stum"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German stum",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "goh",
        "3": "stum"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German stum",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*stumm"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stumm",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "stumm"
      },
      "expansion": "German stumm",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "stom"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch stom",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "stum"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish stum",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "stum"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of stum",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Yiddish שטום (shtum, “mute, dumb, voiceless”), from Middle High German stum, from Old High German stum, from Proto-West Germanic *stumm. Cognate with German stumm, Dutch stom, Swedish stum. Doublet of stum.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "schtoom",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schtum",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shtoom",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shtumm",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "shtum (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English adjectives",
        "English doublets",
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English lemmas",
        "English terms borrowed from Yiddish",
        "English terms derived from Middle High German",
        "English terms derived from Old High German",
        "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
        "English terms derived from Yiddish",
        "English uncomparable adjectives",
        "Entries with translation boxes",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Rhymes:English/ʊm",
        "Rhymes:English/ʊm/1 syllable",
        "Terms with Dutch translations",
        "Terms with German translations",
        "Terms with Swedish translations",
        "en:Silence"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Silent; speechless; dumb."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Silent",
          "silent"
        ],
        [
          "speechless",
          "speechless"
        ],
        [
          "dumb",
          "dumb"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʃtʊm/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-uk-shtum.oga",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/En-uk-shtum.oga/En-uk-shtum.oga.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/En-uk-shtum.oga"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʊm"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "silent; speechless; dumb",
      "word": "stom"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "silent; speechless; dumb",
      "word": "stumm"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "silent; speechless; dumb",
      "word": "stum"
    }
  ],
  "word": "shtum"
}

Download raw JSONL data for shtum meaning in English (2.8kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (92124b4 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.