"satemization" meaning in English

See satemization in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Forms: satemisation [alternative]
Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥ Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćatám Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬀 (sata) Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬆𐬨 (satəm)lbor. English satem Proto-Indo-European *-id- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor. Late Latin -izōder. Middle French -iserbor. Middle English -isen English -ize English satemize Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiō Latin -ātiōlbor. Old French -ationbor. Middle English -acioun English -ation English satemization From satem + -ization or satemize + -ation. Doublet of centumization. Etymology templates: {{ety|en|:af|satemize|-ation|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥ Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćatám Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬀 (sata) Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬆𐬨 (satəm)lbor. English satem Proto-Indo-European *-id- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor. Late Latin -izōder. Middle French -iserbor. Middle English -isen English -ize English satemize Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiō Latin -ātiōlbor. Old French -ationbor. Middle English -acioun English -ation English satemization [Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "hundred", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*déḱm̥", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*ḱm̥tóm", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-Iranian", "term" : "*ćatám", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "iir-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Avestan", "term" : "𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬀", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ae" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Avestan", "term" : "𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬆𐬨", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ae" } ], "keyword" : "lbor" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "satem", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "bor.", "keyword_label" : "Borrowed from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "bor.", "keyword_label" : "Borrowed from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "verbal", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-id-", "status" : "missing", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-yéti", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-idyéti", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Hellenic", "term" : "*-íďďō", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "grk-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "-ῐ́ζω", "lang" : "grc" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "lang_name" : "Late Latin", "term" : "-izō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la-lat" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Middle French", "term" : "-iser", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "frm" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "-isen", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "enm" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "-ize", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "satemize", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "bor.", "keyword_label" : "Borrowed from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "lbor.", "keyword_label" : "Learned borrowing from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*-tiHō", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-tis", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-Hō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-tiō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-tiō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ātiō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword" : "lbor" } ], "lang_name" : "Old French", "term" : "-ation", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "fro" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "-acioun", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "enm" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "-ation", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "satemization", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" }" data-lang="en" data-title="satemization">, {{af|en|satem|-ization}} satem + -ization, {{af|en|satemize|-ation}} satemize + -ation, {{doublet|en|centumization}} Doublet of centumization Head templates: {{en-noun|-}} satemization (uncountable)
  1. (Indo-European studies) The sound change by which palatovelars became fricatives and affricates in satem languages. Tags: Indo-European-studies, uncountable

Alternative forms

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  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *déḱm̥\nProto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm\nProto-Indo-Iranian *ćatám\nAvestan 𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬀 (sata)\nAvestan 𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬆𐬨 (satəm)lbor.\nEnglish satem\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íďďō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.\nLate Latin -izōder.\nMiddle French -iserbor.\nMiddle English -isen\nEnglish -ize\nEnglish satemize\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish satemization\nFrom satem + -ization or satemize + -ation. Doublet of centumization.",
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  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
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          "ref": "2022 December 14, John Clayton, “Labiovelar loss and the rounding of syllabic liquids in Indo-Iranian”, in Indo-European Linguistics, →DOI, page 46:",
          "text": "[footnote:] For instance, if one reconstructs satəmization, the merger of *K and *Kʷ, as an innovation that defines a clade (approx. Thraco-Armeno-Daco-Albano-Balto-Slavo-Indo-Iranian), then the other remaining Indo-European branches must independently undergo centumization as they branch off at higher nodes. Each of these individually centumizing higher clades (Anatolian, Tocharian, Italo-Celtic, and Germanic) represents undesirable homoplastic innovations.",
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\"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱm̥tóm\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-Iranian\", \"term\" : \"*ćatám\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"iir-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Avestan\", \"term\" : \"𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬀\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ae\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Avestan\", \"term\" : \"𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬆𐬨\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ae\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"satem\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-id-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-idyéti\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íďďō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐ́ζω\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"-izō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"-iser\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-isen\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ize\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"satemize\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-tiHō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-Hō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-acioun\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"satemization\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"satemization\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "satem",
        "3": "-ization"
      },
      "expansion": "satem + -ization",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "satemize",
        "3": "-ation"
      },
      "expansion": "satemize + -ation",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "centumization"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of centumization",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *déḱm̥\nProto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm\nProto-Indo-Iranian *ćatám\nAvestan 𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬀 (sata)\nAvestan 𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬆𐬨 (satəm)lbor.\nEnglish satem\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íďďō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.\nLate Latin -izōder.\nMiddle French -iserbor.\nMiddle English -isen\nEnglish -ize\nEnglish satemize\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish satemization\nFrom satem + -ization or satemize + -ation. Doublet of centumization.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "satemisation",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "satemization (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "centumization"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English doublets",
        "English entries with etymology trees",
        "English entries with etymon",
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English lemmas",
        "English nouns",
        "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *déḱm̥",
        "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ḱm̥tóm",
        "English terms suffixed with -ation",
        "English terms suffixed with -ization",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English uncountable nouns",
        "Pages using etymon with no ID",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Pages with etymology trees",
        "Pages with etymon",
        "Requests for audio pronunciation in English entries",
        "en:Indo-European studies"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              46,
              58
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2022 December 14, John Clayton, “Labiovelar loss and the rounding of syllabic liquids in Indo-Iranian”, in Indo-European Linguistics, →DOI, page 46:",
          "text": "[footnote:] For instance, if one reconstructs satəmization, the merger of *K and *Kʷ, as an innovation that defines a clade (approx. Thraco-Armeno-Daco-Albano-Balto-Slavo-Indo-Iranian), then the other remaining Indo-European branches must independently undergo centumization as they branch off at higher nodes. Each of these individually centumizing higher clades (Anatolian, Tocharian, Italo-Celtic, and Germanic) represents undesirable homoplastic innovations.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The sound change by which palatovelars became fricatives and affricates in satem languages."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Indo-European studies",
          "Indo-European studies"
        ],
        [
          "sound change",
          "sound change"
        ],
        [
          "palatovelar",
          "palatovelar"
        ],
        [
          "fricative",
          "fricative"
        ],
        [
          "affricate",
          "affricate"
        ],
        [
          "satem",
          "satem"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Indo-European studies) The sound change by which palatovelars became fricatives and affricates in satem languages."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Indo-European-studies",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "satemization"
}

Download raw JSONL data for satemization meaning in English (9.2kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-07-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-07-06 using wiktextract (d9fa233 and 9e92f4b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.