See protohuman in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "proto-",
"4": "human",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *pér\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *próder.\nAncient Greek πρό (pró)\nAncient Greek -ᾰτος (-ătos)\nAncient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos)\nAncient Greek πρωτο- (prōto-)lbor.\nEnglish proto-\nLatin hūmānusbor.\nOld French umain\nMiddle French humainbor.\nMiddle English humayne\nEnglish human\nEnglish protohuman\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"toward\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"fare\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pér\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pró\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"πρό\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ᾰτος\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"grc\", \"pos\" : \"superlative suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"πρῶτος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"πρωτο-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"proto-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"human\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"human\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"human\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"human\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"hūmānus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"umain\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"humain\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"humayne\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"human\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"protohuman\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"protohuman\">\nFrom proto- + human.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *pér\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *próder.\nAncient Greek πρό (pró)\nAncient Greek -ᾰτος (-ătos)\nAncient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos)\nAncient Greek πρωτο- (prōto-)lbor.\nEnglish proto-\nLatin hūmānusbor.\nOld French umain\nMiddle French humainbor.\nMiddle English humayne\nEnglish human\nEnglish protohuman\nFrom proto- + human.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more protohuman",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most protohuman",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "protohuman (comparative more protohuman, superlative most protohuman)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
45,
55
]
],
"ref": "2003, Steven A. LeBlanc, Katherine E. Register, Constant Battles: The Myth of the Peaceful, Noble Savage, page 77:",
"text": "We each had limited knowledge of forager and protohuman warfare based on either ethnographic accounts or archaeological information, which forced both of us ...",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
20
]
],
"ref": "1981, Leslie A. Fiedler, Houston A. Baker, “English Literature”, in English Institute, page 140:",
"text": "Among the protohuman institutions that didn't exist, materially speaking, was the behavior pattern of storytelling.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pertaining to the first humans or the beginning of humankind."
],
"id": "en-protohuman-en-adj-xDY-h71x",
"links": [
[
"human",
"human"
],
[
"humankind",
"humankind"
]
]
}
],
"word": "protohuman"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "proto-",
"4": "human",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *pér\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *próder.\nAncient Greek πρό (pró)\nAncient Greek -ᾰτος (-ătos)\nAncient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos)\nAncient Greek πρωτο- (prōto-)lbor.\nEnglish proto-\nLatin hūmānusbor.\nOld French umain\nMiddle French humainbor.\nMiddle English humayne\nEnglish human\nEnglish protohuman\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"toward\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"fare\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pér\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pró\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"πρό\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ᾰτος\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"grc\", \"pos\" : \"superlative suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"πρῶτος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"πρωτο-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"proto-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"human\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"human\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"human\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"human\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"hūmānus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"umain\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"humain\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"humayne\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"human\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"protohuman\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"protohuman\">\nFrom proto- + human.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *pér\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *próder.\nAncient Greek πρό (pró)\nAncient Greek -ᾰτος (-ătos)\nAncient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos)\nAncient Greek πρωτο- (prōto-)lbor.\nEnglish proto-\nLatin hūmānusbor.\nOld French umain\nMiddle French humainbor.\nMiddle English humayne\nEnglish human\nEnglish protohuman\nFrom proto- + human.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "protohumans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "protohuman (plural protohumans)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 69",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with proto-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 88",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Hominids",
"orig": "en:Hominids",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
114,
125
]
],
"ref": "2008 March 21, John Noble Wilford, “New Analysis Suggests Earlier Start for Upright Walking”, in New York Times:",
"text": "The research included an examination of the original fossils and a comparison with skeletons of modern humans and protohumans and also chimpanzees.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One of the earliest humans preceding Homo sapiens."
],
"id": "en-protohuman-en-noun-XXyJ3nU5",
"links": [
[
"Homo sapiens",
"Homo sapiens"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "early human",
"word": "alkuihminen"
}
]
}
],
"word": "protohuman"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (fare)",
"English terms prefixed with proto-",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"en:Hominids"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "proto-",
"4": "human",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *pér\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *próder.\nAncient Greek πρό (pró)\nAncient Greek -ᾰτος (-ătos)\nAncient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos)\nAncient Greek πρωτο- (prōto-)lbor.\nEnglish proto-\nLatin hūmānusbor.\nOld French umain\nMiddle French humainbor.\nMiddle English humayne\nEnglish human\nEnglish protohuman\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"toward\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"fare\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pér\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pró\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"πρό\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ᾰτος\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"grc\", \"pos\" : \"superlative suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"πρῶτος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"πρωτο-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"proto-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"human\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"human\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"human\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"human\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"hūmānus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"umain\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"humain\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"humayne\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"human\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"protohuman\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"protohuman\">\nFrom proto- + human.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *pér\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *próder.\nAncient Greek πρό (pró)\nAncient Greek -ᾰτος (-ătos)\nAncient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos)\nAncient Greek πρωτο- (prōto-)lbor.\nEnglish proto-\nLatin hūmānusbor.\nOld French umain\nMiddle French humainbor.\nMiddle English humayne\nEnglish human\nEnglish protohuman\nFrom proto- + human.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more protohuman",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most protohuman",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "protohuman (comparative more protohuman, superlative most protohuman)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
45,
55
]
],
"ref": "2003, Steven A. LeBlanc, Katherine E. Register, Constant Battles: The Myth of the Peaceful, Noble Savage, page 77:",
"text": "We each had limited knowledge of forager and protohuman warfare based on either ethnographic accounts or archaeological information, which forced both of us ...",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
20
]
],
"ref": "1981, Leslie A. Fiedler, Houston A. Baker, “English Literature”, in English Institute, page 140:",
"text": "Among the protohuman institutions that didn't exist, materially speaking, was the behavior pattern of storytelling.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pertaining to the first humans or the beginning of humankind."
],
"links": [
[
"human",
"human"
],
[
"humankind",
"humankind"
]
]
}
],
"word": "protohuman"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (fare)",
"English terms prefixed with proto-",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"en:Hominids"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "proto-",
"4": "human",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *pér\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *próder.\nAncient Greek πρό (pró)\nAncient Greek -ᾰτος (-ătos)\nAncient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos)\nAncient Greek πρωτο- (prōto-)lbor.\nEnglish proto-\nLatin hūmānusbor.\nOld French umain\nMiddle French humainbor.\nMiddle English humayne\nEnglish human\nEnglish protohuman\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"toward\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"fare\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pér\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pró\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"πρό\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ᾰτος\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"grc\", \"pos\" : \"superlative suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"πρῶτος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"πρωτο-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"proto-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"human\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"human\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"human\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"human\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"hūmānus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"umain\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"humain\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"humayne\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"human\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"protohuman\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"protohuman\">\nFrom proto- + human.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *pér\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *próder.\nAncient Greek πρό (pró)\nAncient Greek -ᾰτος (-ătos)\nAncient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos)\nAncient Greek πρωτο- (prōto-)lbor.\nEnglish proto-\nLatin hūmānusbor.\nOld French umain\nMiddle French humainbor.\nMiddle English humayne\nEnglish human\nEnglish protohuman\nFrom proto- + human.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "protohumans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "protohuman (plural protohumans)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
114,
125
]
],
"ref": "2008 March 21, John Noble Wilford, “New Analysis Suggests Earlier Start for Upright Walking”, in New York Times:",
"text": "The research included an examination of the original fossils and a comparison with skeletons of modern humans and protohumans and also chimpanzees.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One of the earliest humans preceding Homo sapiens."
],
"links": [
[
"Homo sapiens",
"Homo sapiens"
]
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "early human",
"word": "alkuihminen"
}
],
"word": "protohuman"
}
Download raw JSONL data for protohuman meaning in English (12.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.