"protogalaxy" meaning in English

See protogalaxy in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Forms: protogalaxies [plural]
Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *per-der.? Proto-Indo-European *per-der.? Proto-Indo-European *pér Proto-Indo-European *-o Proto-Indo-European *próder. Ancient Greek πρό (pró) Ancient Greek -ᾰτος (-ătos) Ancient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos) Ancient Greek πρωτο- (prōto-)lbor. English proto- English galaxy English protogalaxy From proto- + galaxy. Etymology templates: {{ety|en|:af|proto-|galaxy|text=+|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *per-der.? Proto-Indo-European *per-der.? Proto-Indo-European *pér Proto-Indo-European *-o Proto-Indo-European *próder. Ancient Greek πρό (pró) Ancient Greek -ᾰτος (-ătos) Ancient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos) Ancient Greek πρωτο- (prōto-)lbor. English proto- English galaxy English protogalaxy [Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "gloss" : "before", "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "toward", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "is_uncertain" : true, "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "before", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*per-", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "id" : "fare", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*per-", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*pér", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-o", "status" : "missing", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*pró", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "πρό", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "grc" }, { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "-ᾰτος", "status" : "missing", "lang" : "grc", "pos" : "superlative suffix" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "πρῶτος", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "grc" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "πρωτο-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "grc" } ], "keyword" : "lbor" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "proto-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" }, { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "galaxy", "status" : "missing", "lang" : "en" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "protogalaxy", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" }" data-lang="en" data-title="protogalaxy"> From proto- + galaxy. Head templates: {{en-noun}} protogalaxy (plural protogalaxies)
  1. A cloud of gas which is starting to form a galaxy. Translations (Translations): 原星系 (yuánxīngxì) (Chinese Mandarin), протогала́ктика (protogaláktika) [feminine] (Russian)

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "proto-",
        "4": "galaxy",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *pér\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *próder.\nAncient Greek πρό (pró)\nAncient Greek -ᾰτος (-ătos)\nAncient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos)\nAncient Greek πρωτο- (prōto-)lbor.\nEnglish proto-\nEnglish galaxy\nEnglish protogalaxy\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"toward\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"fare\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pér\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pró\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"πρό\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ᾰτος\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"grc\", \"pos\" : \"superlative suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"πρῶτος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"πρωτο-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"proto-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"galaxy\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"protogalaxy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"protogalaxy\">\nFrom proto- + galaxy.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *pér\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *próder.\nAncient Greek πρό (pró)\nAncient Greek -ᾰτος (-ătos)\nAncient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos)\nAncient Greek πρωτο- (prōto-)lbor.\nEnglish proto-\nEnglish galaxy\nEnglish protogalaxy\nFrom proto- + galaxy.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "protogalaxies",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "protogalaxy (plural protogalaxies)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries referencing missing etymons",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymology texts",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms prefixed with proto-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
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          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
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        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A cloud of gas which is starting to form a galaxy."
      ],
      "id": "en-protogalaxy-en-noun-vejlTyGn",
      "links": [
        [
          "cloud",
          "cloud"
        ],
        [
          "gas",
          "gas"
        ],
        [
          "form",
          "form"
        ],
        [
          "galaxy",
          "galaxy"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "lang_code": "cmn",
          "roman": "yuánxīngxì",
          "sense": "Translations",
          "word": "原星系"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "protogaláktika",
          "sense": "Translations",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "протогала́ктика"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "protogalaxy"
}
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        "2": ":af",
        "3": "proto-",
        "4": "galaxy",
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        "tree": "1"
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      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *pér\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *próder.\nAncient Greek πρό (pró)\nAncient Greek -ᾰτος (-ătos)\nAncient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos)\nAncient Greek πρωτο- (prōto-)lbor.\nEnglish proto-\nEnglish galaxy\nEnglish protogalaxy\nFrom proto- + galaxy.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "protogalaxies",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "protogalaxy (plural protogalaxies)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English entries referencing missing etymons",
        "English entries with etymology texts",
        "English entries with etymology trees",
        "English entries with etymon",
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English lemmas",
        "English nouns",
        "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
        "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (fare)",
        "English terms prefixed with proto-",
        "Entries with translation boxes",
        "Pages using etymon with no ID",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Pages with etymology trees",
        "Pages with etymon",
        "Terms with Mandarin translations",
        "Terms with Russian translations",
        "Translation table header lacks gloss"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A cloud of gas which is starting to form a galaxy."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cloud",
          "cloud"
        ],
        [
          "gas",
          "gas"
        ],
        [
          "form",
          "form"
        ],
        [
          "galaxy",
          "galaxy"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "lang_code": "cmn",
      "roman": "yuánxīngxì",
      "sense": "Translations",
      "word": "原星系"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "protogaláktika",
      "sense": "Translations",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "протогала́ктика"
    }
  ],
  "word": "protogalaxy"
}

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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.