"proto-racism" meaning in English

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "proto",
        "3": "racism"
      },
      "expansion": "proto- + racism",
      "name": "prefix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From proto- + racism.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "proto-racisms",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "proto-racism (countable and uncountable, plural proto-racisms)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
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          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms prefixed with proto-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
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          "kind": "other",
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          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2012, María Elena Martínez, Max S. Hering Torres, David Nirenberg, Race and Blood in the Iberian World, →ISBN, page 151:",
          "text": "While these mainly focused on the relationship with Jews and Jewish conversos, other historians envisioned Iberian contribution to racism as the elaboration and distillation of Muslim proto-racism that gradually distinguished Africans from >whites< and that, even before the beginning of the Atlantic slave-trade, attributed different characteristics to the members of each cluster.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2013, James Elkins, Harper Montgomery, Beyond the Aesthetic and the Anti-Aesthetic, →ISBN, page 48:",
          "text": "Postmodernity, in Latin America in the I980s, had to do with modernity, from the sixteenth century onward: colonial domination, proto-racisms, the epistemic inferiorization of the non-Western world, the transatlantic capitalist/ mercantile order, and uneven development among other issues.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2013, Ian Law, Racism and Ethnicity: Global Debates, Dilemmas, Directions, →ISBN:",
          "text": "Proto-racism is also identified in Roman views of subject peoples, the idea of collective natural slavery was intertwined with patterns of conquest, subjugation and governance.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2016, Kwesi Tsri, Africans Are Not Black: The case for conceptual liberation, →ISBN:",
          "text": "According to this perspective, these ideas already existed in the form of proto-racism and Shakespeare employs the medium of theatre to reinforce and disseminate them.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Attitudes and actions displaying prejudices and stereotypes analogous to those of racism which predate the modern biologically-based concept of race."
      ],
      "id": "en-proto-racism-en-noun-sedMvjPu",
      "links": [
        [
          "Attitude",
          "attitude"
        ],
        [
          "action",
          "action"
        ],
        [
          "prejudice",
          "prejudice"
        ],
        [
          "stereotype",
          "stereotype"
        ],
        [
          "racism",
          "racism"
        ],
        [
          "predate",
          "predate"
        ],
        [
          "race",
          "race"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "protoracism"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "proto-racism",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Protorassismus"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "proto-racism"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "proto",
        "3": "racism"
      },
      "expansion": "proto- + racism",
      "name": "prefix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From proto- + racism.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "proto-racisms",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "proto-racism (countable and uncountable, plural proto-racisms)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
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        "English uncountable nouns",
        "Entries with translation boxes",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Terms with German translations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2012, María Elena Martínez, Max S. Hering Torres, David Nirenberg, Race and Blood in the Iberian World, →ISBN, page 151:",
          "text": "While these mainly focused on the relationship with Jews and Jewish conversos, other historians envisioned Iberian contribution to racism as the elaboration and distillation of Muslim proto-racism that gradually distinguished Africans from >whites< and that, even before the beginning of the Atlantic slave-trade, attributed different characteristics to the members of each cluster.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2013, James Elkins, Harper Montgomery, Beyond the Aesthetic and the Anti-Aesthetic, →ISBN, page 48:",
          "text": "Postmodernity, in Latin America in the I980s, had to do with modernity, from the sixteenth century onward: colonial domination, proto-racisms, the epistemic inferiorization of the non-Western world, the transatlantic capitalist/ mercantile order, and uneven development among other issues.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2013, Ian Law, Racism and Ethnicity: Global Debates, Dilemmas, Directions, →ISBN:",
          "text": "Proto-racism is also identified in Roman views of subject peoples, the idea of collective natural slavery was intertwined with patterns of conquest, subjugation and governance.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2016, Kwesi Tsri, Africans Are Not Black: The case for conceptual liberation, →ISBN:",
          "text": "According to this perspective, these ideas already existed in the form of proto-racism and Shakespeare employs the medium of theatre to reinforce and disseminate them.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Attitudes and actions displaying prejudices and stereotypes analogous to those of racism which predate the modern biologically-based concept of race."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Attitude",
          "attitude"
        ],
        [
          "action",
          "action"
        ],
        [
          "prejudice",
          "prejudice"
        ],
        [
          "stereotype",
          "stereotype"
        ],
        [
          "racism",
          "racism"
        ],
        [
          "predate",
          "predate"
        ],
        [
          "race",
          "race"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "protoracism"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "proto-racism",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Protorassismus"
    }
  ],
  "word": "proto-racism"
}