See pretrain in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*per-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/per-#Proto-Indo-European:_before"
],
[
"*preh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/preh₂-"
],
[
"*-i",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-i"
],
[
"*prai",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/prai#Proto-Italic:_before"
],
[
"*prai-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/prai-"
],
[
"prae-",
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],
[
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],
[
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],
[
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],
[
"trahere",
"traho#Latin:_drag"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Latin/traginare#Latin:_drag"
],
[
"traïner",
"trainer#Old_French:_drag"
],
[
"train",
"train#Old_French:_delay"
],
[
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"trayne#Middle_English"
],
[
"train",
"train#English:_line_or_portion"
],
[
"pre-",
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],
[
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]
],
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-\nProto-Indo-European *preh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-i\nProto-Indo-European *préh₂i?\nProto-Italic *prai\nProto-Italic *prai-\nLatin prae-lbor.\nMiddle English pre-\nEnglish pre-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ-der.?\nLatin trahere\nVulgar Latin *tragīnāre\nOld French traïnerder.\nOld French trainder.\nMiddle English trayne\nEnglish trainder.\nEnglish pretrain\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*préh₂i\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*preh₂-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-i\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*prai\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*prai-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"prae-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"pre-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"pre-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"line or portion\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"train\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"delay\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"traïner\", \"id\" : \"drag\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"drag\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"trahere\", \"id\" : \"drag\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"run\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰregʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"trahō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"*tragīnāre\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"trainer\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"train\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"trayne\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"train\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"pretrain\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"pretrain\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
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{
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"3": "pre-",
"4": ":der",
"5": "train<id:line or portion>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-\nProto-Indo-European *preh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-i\nProto-Indo-European *préh₂i?\nProto-Italic *prai\nProto-Italic *prai-\nLatin prae-lbor.\nMiddle English pre-\nEnglish pre-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ-der.?\nLatin trahere\nVulgar Latin *tragīnāre\nOld French traïnerder.\nOld French trainder.\nMiddle English trayne\nEnglish trainder.\nEnglish pretrain",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-\nProto-Indo-European *preh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-i\nProto-Indo-European *préh₂i?\nProto-Italic *prai\nProto-Italic *prai-\nLatin prae-lbor.\nMiddle English pre-\nEnglish pre-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ-der.?\nLatin trahere\nVulgar Latin *tragīnāre\nOld French traïnerder.\nOld French trainder.\nMiddle English trayne\nEnglish trainder.\nEnglish pretrain\nFrom pre- + train.",
"forms": [
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"tags": [
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"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pretraining",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pretrained",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pretrained",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pre-train",
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"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
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"name": "en-verb"
}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
24,
34
]
],
"text": "In stage one, rats were pretrained to drink from a rotary device.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To train before testing or further training."
],
"id": "en-pretrain-en-verb-4-vGp7at"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Machine learning",
"orig": "en:Machine learning",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "28 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with pre-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
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{
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23
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],
"ref": "2015, Hyeonseob Nam, Bohyung Han, “Learning Multi-Domain Convolutional Neural Networks for Visual Tracking”, in arXiv:",
"text": "Our algorithm pretrains a CNN using a large set of videos with tracking ground-truths to obtain a generic target representation.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To train (a neural network) on a large corpus or other dataset to acquire a base of general-purpose knowledge, representations, or capabilities that can subsequently be adapted, specialized, or aligned through further training."
],
"id": "en-pretrain-en-verb-Jqb33qnV",
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"machine learning",
"machine learning"
],
[
"neural network",
"neural network"
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[
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"corpus"
],
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"dataset"
],
[
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"knowledge"
],
[
"representation",
"representation"
],
[
"training",
"training"
]
],
"qualifier": "machine learning",
"raw_glosses": [
"(machine learning) To train (a neural network) on a large corpus or other dataset to acquire a base of general-purpose knowledge, representations, or capabilities that can subsequently be adapted, specialized, or aligned through further training."
]
}
],
"word": "pretrain"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
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"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰregʰ-",
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"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
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"*per-",
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],
[
"*preh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/preh₂-"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-i"
],
[
"*prai",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/prai#Proto-Italic:_before"
],
[
"*prai-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/prai-"
],
[
"prae-",
"prae-#Latin"
],
[
"pre-",
"pre-#Middle_English"
],
[
"pre-",
"pre-#English"
],
[
"*dʰregʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰregʰ-#Proto-Indo-European:_run"
],
[
"trahere",
"traho#Latin:_drag"
],
[
"*tragīnāre",
"Reconstruction:Latin/traginare#Latin:_drag"
],
[
"traïner",
"trainer#Old_French:_drag"
],
[
"train",
"train#Old_French:_delay"
],
[
"trayne",
"trayne#Middle_English"
],
[
"train",
"train#English:_line_or_portion"
],
[
"pre-",
"pre-#English"
],
[
"train",
"train#English:_line_or_portion"
]
],
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"2": ":af",
"3": "pre-",
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},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-\nProto-Indo-European *preh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-i\nProto-Indo-European *préh₂i?\nProto-Italic *prai\nProto-Italic *prai-\nLatin prae-lbor.\nMiddle English pre-\nEnglish pre-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ-der.?\nLatin trahere\nVulgar Latin *tragīnāre\nOld French traïnerder.\nOld French trainder.\nMiddle English trayne\nEnglish trainder.\nEnglish pretrain\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*préh₂i\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*preh₂-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-i\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*prai\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*prai-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"prae-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"pre-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"pre-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"line or portion\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"train\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"delay\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"traïner\", \"id\" : \"drag\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"drag\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"trahere\", \"id\" : \"drag\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"run\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰregʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"trahō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"*tragīnāre\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"trainer\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"train\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"trayne\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"train\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"pretrain\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"pretrain\">",
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"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-\nProto-Indo-European *preh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-i\nProto-Indo-European *préh₂i?\nProto-Italic *prai\nProto-Italic *prai-\nLatin prae-lbor.\nMiddle English pre-\nEnglish pre-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ-der.?\nLatin trahere\nVulgar Latin *tragīnāre\nOld French traïnerder.\nOld French trainder.\nMiddle English trayne\nEnglish trainder.\nEnglish pretrain\nFrom pre- + train.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pretrains",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pretraining",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pretrained",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pretrained",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
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}
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],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
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{
"categories": [
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],
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{
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34
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],
"text": "In stage one, rats were pretrained to drink from a rotary device.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To train before testing or further training."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Machine learning"
],
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{
"word": "post-train"
}
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"ref": "2015, Hyeonseob Nam, Bohyung Han, “Learning Multi-Domain Convolutional Neural Networks for Visual Tracking”, in arXiv:",
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"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"To train (a neural network) on a large corpus or other dataset to acquire a base of general-purpose knowledge, representations, or capabilities that can subsequently be adapted, specialized, or aligned through further training."
],
"links": [
[
"machine learning",
"machine learning"
],
[
"neural network",
"neural network"
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"corpus",
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],
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],
"qualifier": "machine learning",
"raw_glosses": [
"(machine learning) To train (a neural network) on a large corpus or other dataset to acquire a base of general-purpose knowledge, representations, or capabilities that can subsequently be adapted, specialized, or aligned through further training."
]
}
],
"word": "pretrain"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pretrain meaning in English (8.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (c1bb342 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.