{"senses": [{"examples": [{"text": "[...] nevertheless we still have not advanced far beyond the modification of Goethe’s pronouncement undertaken already by Schiller: “that literary art compels even the epic poet to presentify, or present as present, that which has happened”", "ref": "1973, Käte Hamburger, The Logic of Literature, page 65:", "type": "quotation", "bold_text_offsets": [[181, 191]]}, {"text": "Drama is actually there; poetry attempts to presentify the absent; prose just sits around, unobtrusive-like.", "ref": "1993, James Nielson, Unread Herrings, page 56:", "type": "quotation", "bold_text_offsets": [[44, 54]]}, {"text": "As I will demonstrate through close examination of Hopkins’s novels, the texts intervene in the dominating revisionist and pastifying discourse and narratively presentify America’s antebellum past by illustrating slavery’s lasting effects on a post-Reconstruction present.", "ref": "2022, JoAnn Pavletich, Yours for Humanity: New Essays on Pauline Elizabeth Hopkins, page 154:", "type": "quotation", "bold_text_offsets": [[160, 170]]}], "categories": ["English entries with etymology trees", "English entries with etymon", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English intransitive verbs", "English lemmas", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *preh₂-", "English terms suffixed with -ify", "English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages using etymon with no ID", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Pages with etymology trees", "Pages with etymon", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "en:Present"], "links": [["make", "make"], ["past", "past"], ["present", "present"], ["immediately", "immediately"], ["relevant", "relevant"]], "antonyms": [{"word": "pastify"}, {"word": "absentify"}], "raw_glosses": ["(ambitransitive) to make something (especially from the past) appear present or immediately relevant"], "glosses": ["to make something (especially from the past) appear present or immediately relevant"], "tags": ["ambitransitive"]}], "pos": "verb", "head_templates": [{"name": "en-verb", "args": {}, "expansion": "presentify (third-person singular simple present presentifies, present participle presentifying, simple past and past participle presentified)"}], "forms": [{"form": "presentifies", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "presentifying", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "presentified", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "presentified", "tags": ["past"]}], "derived": [{"word": "presentification"}], "translations": [{"lang": "French", "code": "fr", "lang_code": "fr", "sense": "to make something appear present or immediately relevant", "word": "présentifier"}, {"lang": "Italian", "code": "it", "lang_code": "it", "sense": "to make something appear present or immediately relevant", "word": "presentificare"}], "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-\nProto-Indo-European *preh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-i\nProto-Indo-European *préh₂i?\nProto-Italic *prai\nProto-Italic *prai-\nLatin prae-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁es-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ésti\nProto-Indo-European *bʰuH-\nProto-Indo-European *-t\nProto-Indo-European *bʰúHt\nProto-Italic *ezom~*som\nArchaic Latin 𐌄𐌔𐌏𐌌 (esom)\nOld Latin esum\nLatin sum\nLatin praesum\nProto-Indo-European *-onts\nLatin -ns\nLatin praesens\nOld French presentbor.\nMiddle English present\nEnglish present\nLatin -i-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Italic *θakos\nProto-Italic *-fakos\nLatin -ficus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin -ficō\nLatin -ificāreder.\nOld French -ifierbor.\nMiddle English -ifien\nEnglish -ify\nEnglish presentify\nFrom present (adjective) + -ify, literally “to make present”.", "etymology_links": [["*per-", "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/per-#Proto-Indo-European:_before"], ["*preh₂-", "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/preh₂-"], ["*-i", "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-i"], ["*prai", "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/prai#Proto-Italic:_before"], ["*prai-", "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/prai-"], ["prae-", "prae-#Latin"], ["*h₁es-", "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁es-#Proto-Indo-European:_be"], ["*h₁ésti", "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁ésti"], ["*bʰuH-", "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰuH-#Proto-Indo-European:_be"], ["*-t", "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-t"], ["*bʰúHt", "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰúHt"], ["*ezom~*som", "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/esom"], ["𐌄𐌔𐌏𐌌", "esom#Latin"], ["esum", "esum#Latin"], ["sum", "sum#Latin"], ["praesum", "praesum#Latin"], ["*-onts", "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-onts"], ["-ns", "-ns#Latin"], ["praesens", "praesens#Latin"], ["present", "present#Old_French"], ["present", "present#Middle_English"], ["present", "present#English:_now"], ["-i-", "-i-#Latin"], ["*dʰeh₁-", "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰeh₁-#Proto-Indo-European:_do"], ["*-fakos", "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-fakos"], ["-ficus", "-ficus#Latin"], ["*-h₂", "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"], ["*-éh₂", "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"], ["*-yéti", "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"], ["*-eh₂yéti", "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"], ["*-h₂ti", "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"], ["*-āō", "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"], ["-ō", "-o#Latin:_denominative"], ["-ficō", "-fico#Latin"], ["-ificāre", "-ifico#Latin"], ["-ifier", "-ifier#Old_French"], ["-ifien", "-ifien#Middle_English"], ["-ify", "-ify#English"], ["present", "present#English:_now"], ["-ify", "-ify#English"]], "etymology_templates": [{"name": "ety", "args": {"1": "en", "2": ":af", "3": "present<id:now>", "4": "-ify", "tree": "1"}, "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-\nProto-Indo-European *preh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-i\nProto-Indo-European *préh₂i?\nProto-Italic *prai\nProto-Italic *prai-\nLatin prae-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁es-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ésti\nProto-Indo-European *bʰuH-\nProto-Indo-European *-t\nProto-Indo-European *bʰúHt\nProto-Italic *ezom~*som\nArchaic Latin 𐌄𐌔𐌏𐌌 (esom)\nOld Latin esum\nLatin sum\nLatin praesum\nProto-Indo-European *-onts\nLatin -ns\nLatin praesens\nOld French presentbor.\nMiddle English present\nEnglish present\nLatin -i-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Italic *θakos\nProto-Italic *-fakos\nLatin -ficus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin -ficō\nLatin -ificāreder.\nOld French -ifierbor.\nMiddle English -ifien\nEnglish -ify\nEnglish presentify\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*préh₂i\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*preh₂-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-i\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*prai\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*prai-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"prae-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"𐌄𐌔𐌏𐌌\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*ezom~*som\", \"gloss\" : \"to be\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"be\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁es-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁ésti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"be\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰuH-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-t\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰúHt\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*esom\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Archaic Latin\", \"term\" : \"esom\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ala\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Latin\", \"term\" : \"esum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"sum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"praesum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-onts\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ns\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"praesens\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"present\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"present\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"present\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-ificāre\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-i-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"la\", \"pos\" : \"connecting vowel\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"-ify\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*θakos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"do\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰeh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-fakos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ficus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ficō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ificō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ifier\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ifien\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ify\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"presentify\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"presentify\">"}, {"name": "af", "args": {"1": "en", "2": "present<pos:adjective><id:now>", "3": "-ify", "lit": "to make present"}, "expansion": "present (adjective) + -ify, literally “to make present”"}, {"name": "ety", "args": {"1": "en", "2": ":af", "3": "present<id:now>", "4": "-ify", "tree": "1"}, "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-\nProto-Indo-European *preh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-i\nProto-Indo-European *préh₂i?\nProto-Italic *prai\nProto-Italic *prai-\nLatin prae-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁es-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ésti\nProto-Indo-European *bʰuH-\nProto-Indo-European *-t\nProto-Indo-European *bʰúHt\nProto-Italic *ezom~*som\nArchaic Latin 𐌄𐌔𐌏𐌌 (esom)\nOld Latin esum\nLatin sum\nLatin praesum\nProto-Indo-European *-onts\nLatin -ns\nLatin praesens\nOld French presentbor.\nMiddle English present\nEnglish present\nLatin -i-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Italic *θakos\nProto-Italic *-fakos\nLatin -ficus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin -ficō\nLatin -ificāreder.\nOld French -ifierbor.\nMiddle English -ifien\nEnglish -ify\nEnglish presentify"}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛzəntɪfaɪ/"}], "word": "presentify", "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en"}