"philopena" meaning in English

{
  "etymology_text": "The origin of philopena is unclear. Despite its appearance, it is not formed from classical roots. The traditional game seems to have originated in Germany, and to have included a formulatic greeting, guten Morgen Vielliebchen (“Good morning, sweetheart”), with Vielliebchen being accepted into French as a proper name, and the game's tag becoming Bonjour Philippine.\nA different account suggests that the word began as the French Valentin(e), with the nut exchanged considered as a St. Valentine's Day gift; Valentine became Philipine and was accepted in this form into Mosel Franconian dialects of German (Luxemburger Wörterbuch (1950) I.370, Philippchen). However, the OED disputes this, arguing that Valentine in French may mean “sweetheart”, but does not mean “gift” or “lover's gift”, and wondering in addition what pressure would confuse the familiar French given names Valentin(e) and Philip(e)(pine).\nThe OED also lists forms in Dutch (filippien), Danish (filippine), and Swedish (filipin) denoting either the game or an almond or nut with a double kernel. These citations date from the mid-nineteenth century to the early twentieth century, and the meaning referring to the game is usually attested to earliest.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "philopenas",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "philopena (countable and uncountable, plural philopenas)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "61 27 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "63 27 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "70 17 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "59 25 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with French translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "58 25 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "62 22 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A game in which a person, on finding a double-kernelled almond or nut, may offer the second kernel to another person and demand a playful forfeit from that person to be paid on their next meeting. The forfeit may simply be to exchange the greeting \"Good-day, Philopena\" or it may be more elaborate. Philopenas were often played as a form of flirtation."
      ],
      "id": "en-philopena-en-noun-oQ8gkFEg",
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "87 12 1",
          "code": "af",
          "lang": "Afrikaans",
          "sense": "A game",
          "word": "filippien"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 12 1",
          "code": "af",
          "lang": "Afrikaans",
          "sense": "A game",
          "word": "filippyn"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 12 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "A game",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "philippine"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 12 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "A game",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Vielliebchen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 12 1",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "A game",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "filipin"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The occasion on which a philopena is forfeited; the forfeit paid."
      ],
      "id": "en-philopena-en-noun-iPK4Il0R",
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "4 91 5",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "The occasion",
          "word": "philippine"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 91 5",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "The occasion",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Vielliebchen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 91 5",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "The occasion",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "filipin"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A nut or almond with a double kernel, as used to set a philopena."
      ],
      "id": "en-philopena-en-noun-GKxH90Jq",
      "links": [
        [
          "nut",
          "nut"
        ],
        [
          "almond",
          "almond"
        ],
        [
          "kernel",
          "kernel"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "28 1 71",
          "code": "af",
          "lang": "Afrikaans",
          "sense": "A nut or almond with double kernel",
          "word": "filippien"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "28 1 71",
          "code": "af",
          "lang": "Afrikaans",
          "sense": "A nut or almond with double kernel",
          "word": "filippyn"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "28 1 71",
          "code": "af",
          "lang": "Afrikaans",
          "sense": "A nut or almond with double kernel",
          "word": "dubbeldooramandel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "28 1 71",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "A nut or almond with double kernel",
          "word": "philippine"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "28 1 71",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "A nut or almond with double kernel",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Vielliebchen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "28 1 71",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "A nut or almond with double kernel",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "filipin"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌfɪləˈpiːnə/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "fillipeen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "philippine"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "philippina"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "philopaene"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "by mistaken association with Latin forms",
      "word": "philopoena"
    }
  ],
  "word": "philopena"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations"
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The origin of philopena is unclear. Despite its appearance, it is not formed from classical roots. The traditional game seems to have originated in Germany, and to have included a formulatic greeting, guten Morgen Vielliebchen (“Good morning, sweetheart”), with Vielliebchen being accepted into French as a proper name, and the game's tag becoming Bonjour Philippine.\nA different account suggests that the word began as the French Valentin(e), with the nut exchanged considered as a St. Valentine's Day gift; Valentine became Philipine and was accepted in this form into Mosel Franconian dialects of German (Luxemburger Wörterbuch (1950) I.370, Philippchen). However, the OED disputes this, arguing that Valentine in French may mean “sweetheart”, but does not mean “gift” or “lover's gift”, and wondering in addition what pressure would confuse the familiar French given names Valentin(e) and Philip(e)(pine).\nThe OED also lists forms in Dutch (filippien), Danish (filippine), and Swedish (filipin) denoting either the game or an almond or nut with a double kernel. These citations date from the mid-nineteenth century to the early twentieth century, and the meaning referring to the game is usually attested to earliest.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "philopenas",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "philopena (countable and uncountable, plural philopenas)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A game in which a person, on finding a double-kernelled almond or nut, may offer the second kernel to another person and demand a playful forfeit from that person to be paid on their next meeting. The forfeit may simply be to exchange the greeting \"Good-day, Philopena\" or it may be more elaborate. Philopenas were often played as a form of flirtation."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The occasion on which a philopena is forfeited; the forfeit paid."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A nut or almond with a double kernel, as used to set a philopena."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "nut",
          "nut"
        ],
        [
          "almond",
          "almond"
        ],
        [
          "kernel",
          "kernel"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌfɪləˈpiːnə/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "fillipeen"
    },
    {
      "word": "philippine"
    },
    {
      "word": "philippina"
    },
    {
      "word": "philopaene"
    },
    {
      "english": "by mistaken association with Latin forms",
      "word": "philopoena"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "af",
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "sense": "A game",
      "word": "filippien"
    },
    {
      "code": "af",
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "sense": "A game",
      "word": "filippyn"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "A game",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "philippine"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "A game",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Vielliebchen"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "A game",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "filipin"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "The occasion",
      "word": "philippine"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "The occasion",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Vielliebchen"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "The occasion",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "filipin"
    },
    {
      "code": "af",
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "sense": "A nut or almond with double kernel",
      "word": "filippien"
    },
    {
      "code": "af",
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "sense": "A nut or almond with double kernel",
      "word": "filippyn"
    },
    {
      "code": "af",
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "sense": "A nut or almond with double kernel",
      "word": "dubbeldooramandel"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "A nut or almond with double kernel",
      "word": "philippine"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "A nut or almond with double kernel",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Vielliebchen"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "A nut or almond with double kernel",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "filipin"
    }
  ],
  "word": "philopena"
}