See perspectival in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "perspective",
"4": "-al",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish perspective\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish perspectival\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-el\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"perspectival\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"perspectival\">\nFrom perspective + -al.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish perspective\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish perspectival\nFrom perspective + -al.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "perspectival (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -al",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "aperspectival"
},
{
"word": "perspectivalization"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
172,
184
]
],
"ref": "2007 July 12, A. D. Smith, “Translucent experiences”, in Philosophical Studies, volume 140, number 2, →DOI:",
"text": "After all, sense-data are typically introduced into a theory as a result of argument—as a result, for instance, of reflecting on such phenomena as illusion, hallucination, perspectival variation, and so forth—and not as a result of sheer self-awareness.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or pertaining to perspective."
],
"id": "en-perspectival-en-adj-9RS829y2",
"links": [
[
"perspective",
"perspective"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-aɪvəl"
}
],
"word": "perspectival"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "aperspectival"
},
{
"word": "perspectivalization"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "perspective",
"4": "-al",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish perspective\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish perspectival\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-el\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"perspectival\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"perspectival\">\nFrom perspective + -al.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish perspective\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish perspectival\nFrom perspective + -al.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "perspectival (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries referencing missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow)",
"English terms suffixed with -al",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Rhymes:English/aɪvəl",
"Rhymes:English/aɪvəl/4 syllables"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
172,
184
]
],
"ref": "2007 July 12, A. D. Smith, “Translucent experiences”, in Philosophical Studies, volume 140, number 2, →DOI:",
"text": "After all, sense-data are typically introduced into a theory as a result of argument—as a result, for instance, of reflecting on such phenomena as illusion, hallucination, perspectival variation, and so forth—and not as a result of sheer self-awareness.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or pertaining to perspective."
],
"links": [
[
"perspective",
"perspective"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-aɪvəl"
}
],
"word": "perspectival"
}
Download raw JSONL data for perspectival meaning in English (4.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (ade7ec3 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.