"misken" meaning in English

See misken in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /mɪsˈkɛn/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-misken.wav [Southern-England] Forms: miskens [present, singular, third-person], miskenning [participle, present], miskenned [participle, past], miskenned [past], miskent [participle, past], miskent [past]
Rhymes: -ɛn Etymology: From Middle English *miskennen (suggested by miskenninge (“mistake, misinterpretation”)), from Old English *miscennan (suggested by miscennung (“a mistake or variation in pleading before a court, or a fine exacted for this mistake”)), equivalent to mis- + ken. Cognate with Scots misken (“to not know, misken”), Dutch miskennen (“to fail to recognise, ignore”), German mißkennen (“to misunderstand”), Swedish misskänna (“to misunderstand”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|*miskennen}} Middle English *miskennen, {{m|enm|miskenninge||mistake, misinterpretation}} miskenninge (“mistake, misinterpretation”), {{inh|en|ang|*miscennan}} Old English *miscennan, {{m|ang|miscennung||a mistake or variation in pleading before a court, or a fine exacted for this mistake}} miscennung (“a mistake or variation in pleading before a court, or a fine exacted for this mistake”), {{prefix|en|mis|ken}} mis- + ken, {{cog|sco|misken||to not know, misken}} Scots misken (“to not know, misken”), {{cog|nl|miskennen||to fail to recognise, ignore}} Dutch miskennen (“to fail to recognise, ignore”), {{cog|de|mißkennen||to misunderstand}} German mißkennen (“to misunderstand”), {{cog|sv|misskänna||to misunderstand}} Swedish misskänna (“to misunderstand”) Head templates: {{en-verb|++|past2=miskent}} misken (third-person singular simple present miskens, present participle miskenning, simple past and past participle miskenned or miskent)
  1. (transitive, UK dialectal) To mistake one for another; mistake in point of knowledge or recognition; misconceive. Tags: UK, dialectal, transitive
    Sense id: en-misken-en-verb-HS-Inb1t Categories (other): British English
  2. (transitive, UK dialectal) To fail to know; be ignorant or unaware of; appear to be ignorant of. Tags: UK, dialectal, transitive
    Sense id: en-misken-en-verb-qBDH9TnR Categories (other): British English
  3. (transitive, UK dialectal) To misunderstand; mistake; have the wrong idea of. Tags: UK, dialectal, transitive
    Sense id: en-misken-en-verb-WUtcfwg2 Categories (other): British English, English entries with incorrect language header, English terms prefixed with mis- Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 9 7 25 21 17 12 9 Disambiguation of English terms prefixed with mis-: 11 11 20 16 14 15 13
  4. (reflexive, UK dialectal) To esteem oneself incorrectly; have a false or exaggerated opinion of oneself or one's position. Tags: UK, dialectal, reflexive
    Sense id: en-misken-en-verb-XDCQS6gS Categories (other): British English, English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 9 7 25 21 17 12 9
  5. (transitive, UK dialectal) To fail to recognise or identify. Tags: UK, dialectal, transitive
    Sense id: en-misken-en-verb-ZFS2Sko0 Categories (other): British English, English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 9 7 25 21 17 12 9
  6. (transitive, UK dialectal) To refuse to acknowledge; disown; repudiate; pass over; ignore; disregard; neglect; overlook; disavow; disclaim; disown; deny. Tags: UK, dialectal, transitive
    Sense id: en-misken-en-verb-vRhD3mRy Categories (other): British English, English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 9 7 25 21 17 12 9
  7. (transitive, UK dialectal) To fail to mention. Tags: UK, dialectal, transitive
    Sense id: en-misken-en-verb-Zdhv-ryj Categories (other): British English
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: miskenner, miskenning

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for misken meaning in English (7.3kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "miskenner"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "miskenning"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "*miskennen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English *miskennen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "miskenninge",
        "3": "",
        "4": "mistake, misinterpretation"
      },
      "expansion": "miskenninge (“mistake, misinterpretation”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "*miscennan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English *miscennan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "miscennung",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a mistake or variation in pleading before a court, or a fine exacted for this mistake"
      },
      "expansion": "miscennung (“a mistake or variation in pleading before a court, or a fine exacted for this mistake”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "mis",
        "3": "ken"
      },
      "expansion": "mis- + ken",
      "name": "prefix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "misken",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to not know, misken"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots misken (“to not know, misken”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "miskennen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to fail to recognise, ignore"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch miskennen (“to fail to recognise, ignore”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "mißkennen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to misunderstand"
      },
      "expansion": "German mißkennen (“to misunderstand”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "misskänna",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to misunderstand"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish misskänna (“to misunderstand”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English *miskennen (suggested by miskenninge (“mistake, misinterpretation”)), from Old English *miscennan (suggested by miscennung (“a mistake or variation in pleading before a court, or a fine exacted for this mistake”)), equivalent to mis- + ken. Cognate with Scots misken (“to not know, misken”), Dutch miskennen (“to fail to recognise, ignore”), German mißkennen (“to misunderstand”), Swedish misskänna (“to misunderstand”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "miskens",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "miskenning",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "miskenned",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "miskenned",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "miskent",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "miskent",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "++",
        "past2": "miskent"
      },
      "expansion": "misken (third-person singular simple present miskens, present participle miskenning, simple past and past participle miskenned or miskent)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "British English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To mistake one for another; mistake in point of knowledge or recognition; misconceive."
      ],
      "id": "en-misken-en-verb-HS-Inb1t",
      "links": [
        [
          "mistake",
          "mistake"
        ],
        [
          "knowledge",
          "knowledge"
        ],
        [
          "recognition",
          "recognition"
        ],
        [
          "misconceive",
          "misconceive"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, UK dialectal) To mistake one for another; mistake in point of knowledge or recognition; misconceive."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "dialectal",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "British English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To fail to know; be ignorant or unaware of; appear to be ignorant of."
      ],
      "id": "en-misken-en-verb-qBDH9TnR",
      "links": [
        [
          "fail",
          "fail"
        ],
        [
          "ignorant",
          "ignorant"
        ],
        [
          "unaware",
          "unaware"
        ],
        [
          "appear",
          "appear"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, UK dialectal) To fail to know; be ignorant or unaware of; appear to be ignorant of."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "dialectal",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "British English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 7 25 21 17 12 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 11 20 16 14 15 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms prefixed with mis-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To misunderstand; mistake; have the wrong idea of."
      ],
      "id": "en-misken-en-verb-WUtcfwg2",
      "links": [
        [
          "misunderstand",
          "misunderstand"
        ],
        [
          "wrong",
          "wrong"
        ],
        [
          "idea",
          "idea"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, UK dialectal) To misunderstand; mistake; have the wrong idea of."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "dialectal",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "British English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 7 25 21 17 12 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To esteem oneself incorrectly; have a false or exaggerated opinion of oneself or one's position."
      ],
      "id": "en-misken-en-verb-XDCQS6gS",
      "links": [
        [
          "esteem",
          "esteem"
        ],
        [
          "false",
          "false"
        ],
        [
          "exaggerated",
          "exaggerated"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive, UK dialectal) To esteem oneself incorrectly; have a false or exaggerated opinion of oneself or one's position."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "dialectal",
        "reflexive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "British English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 7 25 21 17 12 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To fail to recognise or identify."
      ],
      "id": "en-misken-en-verb-ZFS2Sko0",
      "links": [
        [
          "recognise",
          "recognise"
        ],
        [
          "identify",
          "identify"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, UK dialectal) To fail to recognise or identify."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "dialectal",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "British English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 7 25 21 17 12 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To refuse to acknowledge; disown; repudiate; pass over; ignore; disregard; neglect; overlook; disavow; disclaim; disown; deny."
      ],
      "id": "en-misken-en-verb-vRhD3mRy",
      "links": [
        [
          "refuse",
          "refuse"
        ],
        [
          "acknowledge",
          "acknowledge"
        ],
        [
          "disown",
          "disown"
        ],
        [
          "repudiate",
          "repudiate"
        ],
        [
          "ignore",
          "ignore"
        ],
        [
          "disregard",
          "disregard"
        ],
        [
          "neglect",
          "neglect"
        ],
        [
          "overlook",
          "overlook"
        ],
        [
          "disavow",
          "disavow"
        ],
        [
          "disclaim",
          "disclaim"
        ],
        [
          "deny",
          "deny"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, UK dialectal) To refuse to acknowledge; disown; repudiate; pass over; ignore; disregard; neglect; overlook; disavow; disclaim; disown; deny."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "dialectal",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "British English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To fail to mention."
      ],
      "id": "en-misken-en-verb-Zdhv-ryj",
      "links": [
        [
          "mention",
          "mention"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, UK dialectal) To fail to mention."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "dialectal",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/mɪsˈkɛn/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛn"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-misken.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-misken.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-misken.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-misken.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-misken.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "misken"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms prefixed with mis-",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛn"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "miskenner"
    },
    {
      "word": "miskenning"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "*miskennen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English *miskennen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "miskenninge",
        "3": "",
        "4": "mistake, misinterpretation"
      },
      "expansion": "miskenninge (“mistake, misinterpretation”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "*miscennan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English *miscennan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "miscennung",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a mistake or variation in pleading before a court, or a fine exacted for this mistake"
      },
      "expansion": "miscennung (“a mistake or variation in pleading before a court, or a fine exacted for this mistake”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "mis",
        "3": "ken"
      },
      "expansion": "mis- + ken",
      "name": "prefix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "misken",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to not know, misken"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots misken (“to not know, misken”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "miskennen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to fail to recognise, ignore"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch miskennen (“to fail to recognise, ignore”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "mißkennen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to misunderstand"
      },
      "expansion": "German mißkennen (“to misunderstand”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "misskänna",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to misunderstand"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish misskänna (“to misunderstand”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English *miskennen (suggested by miskenninge (“mistake, misinterpretation”)), from Old English *miscennan (suggested by miscennung (“a mistake or variation in pleading before a court, or a fine exacted for this mistake”)), equivalent to mis- + ken. Cognate with Scots misken (“to not know, misken”), Dutch miskennen (“to fail to recognise, ignore”), German mißkennen (“to misunderstand”), Swedish misskänna (“to misunderstand”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "miskens",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "miskenning",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "miskenned",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "miskenned",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "miskent",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "miskent",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "++",
        "past2": "miskent"
      },
      "expansion": "misken (third-person singular simple present miskens, present participle miskenning, simple past and past participle miskenned or miskent)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "British English",
        "English dialectal terms",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To mistake one for another; mistake in point of knowledge or recognition; misconceive."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mistake",
          "mistake"
        ],
        [
          "knowledge",
          "knowledge"
        ],
        [
          "recognition",
          "recognition"
        ],
        [
          "misconceive",
          "misconceive"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, UK dialectal) To mistake one for another; mistake in point of knowledge or recognition; misconceive."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "dialectal",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "British English",
        "English dialectal terms",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To fail to know; be ignorant or unaware of; appear to be ignorant of."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fail",
          "fail"
        ],
        [
          "ignorant",
          "ignorant"
        ],
        [
          "unaware",
          "unaware"
        ],
        [
          "appear",
          "appear"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, UK dialectal) To fail to know; be ignorant or unaware of; appear to be ignorant of."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "dialectal",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "British English",
        "English dialectal terms",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To misunderstand; mistake; have the wrong idea of."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "misunderstand",
          "misunderstand"
        ],
        [
          "wrong",
          "wrong"
        ],
        [
          "idea",
          "idea"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, UK dialectal) To misunderstand; mistake; have the wrong idea of."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "dialectal",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "British English",
        "English dialectal terms",
        "English reflexive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To esteem oneself incorrectly; have a false or exaggerated opinion of oneself or one's position."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "esteem",
          "esteem"
        ],
        [
          "false",
          "false"
        ],
        [
          "exaggerated",
          "exaggerated"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive, UK dialectal) To esteem oneself incorrectly; have a false or exaggerated opinion of oneself or one's position."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "dialectal",
        "reflexive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "British English",
        "English dialectal terms",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To fail to recognise or identify."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "recognise",
          "recognise"
        ],
        [
          "identify",
          "identify"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, UK dialectal) To fail to recognise or identify."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "dialectal",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "British English",
        "English dialectal terms",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To refuse to acknowledge; disown; repudiate; pass over; ignore; disregard; neglect; overlook; disavow; disclaim; disown; deny."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "refuse",
          "refuse"
        ],
        [
          "acknowledge",
          "acknowledge"
        ],
        [
          "disown",
          "disown"
        ],
        [
          "repudiate",
          "repudiate"
        ],
        [
          "ignore",
          "ignore"
        ],
        [
          "disregard",
          "disregard"
        ],
        [
          "neglect",
          "neglect"
        ],
        [
          "overlook",
          "overlook"
        ],
        [
          "disavow",
          "disavow"
        ],
        [
          "disclaim",
          "disclaim"
        ],
        [
          "deny",
          "deny"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, UK dialectal) To refuse to acknowledge; disown; repudiate; pass over; ignore; disregard; neglect; overlook; disavow; disclaim; disown; deny."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "dialectal",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "British English",
        "English dialectal terms",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To fail to mention."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mention",
          "mention"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, UK dialectal) To fail to mention."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "dialectal",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/mɪsˈkɛn/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛn"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-misken.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-misken.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-misken.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-misken.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-misken.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "misken"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (fc4f0c7 and c937495). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.