See lown in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "lune"
},
"expansion": "Middle English lune",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "logn",
"4": "",
"5": "windstillness"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse logn (“windstillness”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmq-pro",
"3": "*lugna",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse *lugna",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewk-",
"4": "",
"5": "bright"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "lón"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic lón",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "lyn",
"3": "",
"4": "lightning"
},
"expansion": "Danish lyn (“lightning”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "lugn",
"3": "",
"4": "calm water"
},
"expansion": "Swedish lugn (“calm water”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English lune, borrowed from Old Norse logn (“windstillness”), from Proto-Norse *lugna, meaning \"place where the water is smooth\", ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright”), referring to shining water. Germanic cognates include Icelandic lón, Danish lyn (“lightning”), Swedish lugn (“calm water”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lowns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lown (plural lowns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "45 44 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 46 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 48 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Calm, tranquillity."
],
"id": "en-lown-en-noun-WSmSOB~2",
"links": [
[
"Calm",
"calm"
],
[
"tranquillity",
"tranquillity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland) Calm, tranquillity."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1958, Michael Harrington, Sea Stories from Newfoundland:",
"text": "He had no alternative to the slim chance of safety offered by the ‘lun’ of Cat Harbour, Northern Island.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A shelter; a calm or peaceful place."
],
"id": "en-lown-en-noun-K47v5919",
"links": [
[
"shelter",
"shelter"
],
[
"peaceful",
"peaceful"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/laʊn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lʌun/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊn"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌun"
}
],
"word": "lown"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "lune"
},
"expansion": "Middle English lune",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "logn",
"4": "",
"5": "windstillness"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse logn (“windstillness”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmq-pro",
"3": "*lugna",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse *lugna",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewk-",
"4": "",
"5": "bright"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "lón"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic lón",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "lyn",
"3": "",
"4": "lightning"
},
"expansion": "Danish lyn (“lightning”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "lugn",
"3": "",
"4": "calm water"
},
"expansion": "Swedish lugn (“calm water”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English lune, borrowed from Old Norse logn (“windstillness”), from Proto-Norse *lugna, meaning \"place where the water is smooth\", ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright”), referring to shining water. Germanic cognates include Icelandic lón, Danish lyn (“lightning”), Swedish lugn (“calm water”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lowner",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "lownest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "lown (comparative lowner, superlative lownest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "45 44 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 46 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 48 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1826 April, Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine:",
"text": "Ye may hear him, on a lown day, at every farm-house in the parish.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Peaceful, calm."
],
"id": "en-lown-en-adj-An0hEy1b",
"links": [
[
"Peaceful",
"peaceful"
],
[
"calm",
"calm"
],
[
"Merriam-Webster",
"w:Merriam-Webster"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Scotland) Peaceful, calm."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/laʊn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lʌun/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊn"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌun"
}
],
"word": "lown"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "See loon.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lowns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lown (plural lowns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A low fellow."
],
"id": "en-lown-en-noun-EDWkiJIN",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A low fellow."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "lown"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Norse",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aʊn",
"Rhymes:English/aʊn/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ʌun",
"Rhymes:English/ʌun/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "lune"
},
"expansion": "Middle English lune",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "logn",
"4": "",
"5": "windstillness"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse logn (“windstillness”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmq-pro",
"3": "*lugna",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse *lugna",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewk-",
"4": "",
"5": "bright"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "lón"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic lón",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "lyn",
"3": "",
"4": "lightning"
},
"expansion": "Danish lyn (“lightning”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "lugn",
"3": "",
"4": "calm water"
},
"expansion": "Swedish lugn (“calm water”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English lune, borrowed from Old Norse logn (“windstillness”), from Proto-Norse *lugna, meaning \"place where the water is smooth\", ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright”), referring to shining water. Germanic cognates include Icelandic lón, Danish lyn (“lightning”), Swedish lugn (“calm water”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lowns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lown (plural lowns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Scottish English"
],
"glosses": [
"Calm, tranquillity."
],
"links": [
[
"Calm",
"calm"
],
[
"tranquillity",
"tranquillity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland) Calm, tranquillity."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1958, Michael Harrington, Sea Stories from Newfoundland:",
"text": "He had no alternative to the slim chance of safety offered by the ‘lun’ of Cat Harbour, Northern Island.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A shelter; a calm or peaceful place."
],
"links": [
[
"shelter",
"shelter"
],
[
"peaceful",
"peaceful"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/laʊn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lʌun/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊn"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌun"
}
],
"word": "lown"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Norse",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aʊn",
"Rhymes:English/aʊn/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ʌun",
"Rhymes:English/ʌun/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "lune"
},
"expansion": "Middle English lune",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "logn",
"4": "",
"5": "windstillness"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse logn (“windstillness”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmq-pro",
"3": "*lugna",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse *lugna",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewk-",
"4": "",
"5": "bright"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "lón"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic lón",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "lyn",
"3": "",
"4": "lightning"
},
"expansion": "Danish lyn (“lightning”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "lugn",
"3": "",
"4": "calm water"
},
"expansion": "Swedish lugn (“calm water”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English lune, borrowed from Old Norse logn (“windstillness”), from Proto-Norse *lugna, meaning \"place where the water is smooth\", ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright”), referring to shining water. Germanic cognates include Icelandic lón, Danish lyn (“lightning”), Swedish lugn (“calm water”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lowner",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "lownest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "lown (comparative lowner, superlative lownest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Scottish English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1826 April, Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine:",
"text": "Ye may hear him, on a lown day, at every farm-house in the parish.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Peaceful, calm."
],
"links": [
[
"Peaceful",
"peaceful"
],
[
"calm",
"calm"
],
[
"Merriam-Webster",
"w:Merriam-Webster"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Scotland) Peaceful, calm."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/laʊn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lʌun/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊn"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌun"
}
],
"word": "lown"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "See loon.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lowns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lown (plural lowns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A low fellow."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A low fellow."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "lown"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lown meaning in English (5.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.