"layer-cake federalism" meaning in English

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  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
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          "word": "layer cake federalism"
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          "ref": "1967 March 16, Lou Panos, “Inside Baltimore”, in The Evening Sun, volume 114, number 127, Baltimore, Md., page D1, column 2",
          "text": "The official, Jonathan Lindley, explained that in old, “layer-cake federalism” Government agencies channeling money to the states were stacked one on the other like the layers of a cake.",
          "type": "quotation"
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        {
          "ref": "1984, Donald F. Kettl, “The Maturing of American Federalism”, in Robert T. Golembiewski, Aaron Wildavsky, editors, The Costs of Federalism: Essays in Honor of James W. Fesler, Transaction Books, page 74",
          "text": "The classical view of layer-cake federalism presumed that each level of government specialized by function.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2009 January 2, Jesse Tangkhpanya, “Fitting tribute to a new year”, in Iowa City Press-Citizen, page 9A, columns 5–6",
          "text": "Think about it: It takes extraordinarily less effort to say Fair Share would force you into a union, force you to pay dues or use those dues for political activities, than it does to be on the defending side arguing the nuances of what collective bargaining and layer-cake federalism mean to average voters.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2013, David Emanuelson, Leisure Services Financial Management, Human Kinetics, page 139",
          "text": "An example of layer-cake federalism is recreation programs such as athletics or instructional programs.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2018, Nathalie Behnke, Sabine Kropp, editors, Ten Years of Federalism Reform in Germany: Dynamics and Effects of Institutional Development, Routledge",
          "text": "Still, the ideals of layer-cake federalism and institutional congruity retain their initial appeal, promising democratic accountability, allocative efficiency and transparency for the citizens. Is the real-life marble-cake federalism thus just a second-best solution to the non-attainable ideal of layer-cake federalism?",
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      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of layer cake federalism."
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  "word": "layer-cake federalism"
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  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
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        {
          "ref": "1967 March 16, Lou Panos, “Inside Baltimore”, in The Evening Sun, volume 114, number 127, Baltimore, Md., page D1, column 2",
          "text": "The official, Jonathan Lindley, explained that in old, “layer-cake federalism” Government agencies channeling money to the states were stacked one on the other like the layers of a cake.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1984, Donald F. Kettl, “The Maturing of American Federalism”, in Robert T. Golembiewski, Aaron Wildavsky, editors, The Costs of Federalism: Essays in Honor of James W. Fesler, Transaction Books, page 74",
          "text": "The classical view of layer-cake federalism presumed that each level of government specialized by function.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2009 January 2, Jesse Tangkhpanya, “Fitting tribute to a new year”, in Iowa City Press-Citizen, page 9A, columns 5–6",
          "text": "Think about it: It takes extraordinarily less effort to say Fair Share would force you into a union, force you to pay dues or use those dues for political activities, than it does to be on the defending side arguing the nuances of what collective bargaining and layer-cake federalism mean to average voters.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2013, David Emanuelson, Leisure Services Financial Management, Human Kinetics, page 139",
          "text": "An example of layer-cake federalism is recreation programs such as athletics or instructional programs.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2018, Nathalie Behnke, Sabine Kropp, editors, Ten Years of Federalism Reform in Germany: Dynamics and Effects of Institutional Development, Routledge",
          "text": "Still, the ideals of layer-cake federalism and institutional congruity retain their initial appeal, promising democratic accountability, allocative efficiency and transparency for the citizens. Is the real-life marble-cake federalism thus just a second-best solution to the non-attainable ideal of layer-cake federalism?",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of layer cake federalism."
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  "word": "layer-cake federalism"
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