"down-" meaning in English

See down- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Prefix

Etymology: From Middle English down-, doun-, dun-, from Old English dūne- (“down-”), from dūne (“down, downward”). More at down. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|down-}} Middle English down-, {{inh|en|ang|dūne-|t=down-}} Old English dūne- (“down-”) Head templates: {{head|en|prefix|head=|sort=}} down-, {{en-prefix}} down-
  1. Decrease. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-down--en-prefix-YdHFzFHn
  2. Lower position or direction, literally or figuratively. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-down--en-prefix-R3GePy7s Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 19 58 23 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 24 67 10 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 16 79 5
  3. De-emphasis. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-down--en-prefix-inEhiZAd
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "down-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English down-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "dūne-",
        "t": "down-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English dūne- (“down-”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English down-, doun-, dun-, from Old English dūne- (“down-”), from dūne (“down, downward”). More at down.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prefix",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "down-",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "down-",
      "name": "en-prefix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Those bonds have been downrated.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Decrease."
      ],
      "id": "en-down--en-prefix-YdHFzFHn",
      "links": [
        [
          "Decrease",
          "decrease"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "19 58 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 67 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 79 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The end of the ride was a long coast downhill.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Lower position or direction, literally or figuratively."
      ],
      "id": "en-down--en-prefix-R3GePy7s",
      "links": [
        [
          "Lower",
          "lower"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "I tried to downplay the importance of the scandal.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "De-emphasis."
      ],
      "id": "en-down--en-prefix-inEhiZAd",
      "links": [
        [
          "De-emphasis",
          "de-emphasis"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "down-"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English prefixes",
    "English productive prefixes",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "down-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English down-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "dūne-",
        "t": "down-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English dūne- (“down-”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English down-, doun-, dun-, from Old English dūne- (“down-”), from dūne (“down, downward”). More at down.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prefix",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "down-",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "down-",
      "name": "en-prefix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Those bonds have been downrated.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Decrease."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Decrease",
          "decrease"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The end of the ride was a long coast downhill.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Lower position or direction, literally or figuratively."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Lower",
          "lower"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "I tried to downplay the importance of the scandal.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "De-emphasis."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "De-emphasis",
          "de-emphasis"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "down-"
}

Download raw JSONL data for down- meaning in English (1.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.