"chark" meaning in English

See chark in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /t͡ʃɑː(ɹ)k/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chark.wav Forms: charks [plural]
Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)k Etymology: A back-formation from charcoal (interpreted as chark coal). Etymology templates: {{back-formation|en|charcoal|nocap=1}} back-formation from charcoal Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} chark (countable and uncountable, plural charks)
  1. Charcoal; coke. Tags: countable, uncountable
    Sense id: en-chark-en-noun-pY8vPE7z
  2. A pointed stick, which when placed with the point against another piece of wood, and spun rapidly in alternate directions with the aid of attached cords, produces enough heat by friction to create a fire; a fire drill. Tags: countable, uncountable
    Sense id: en-chark-en-noun-inmXo70P
  3. (US, Alaska) A wine glass. Tags: US, countable, uncountable
    Sense id: en-chark-en-noun-bzrqxI9D Categories (other): Alaska English, American English
  4. A Middle Eastern falcon, probably the lanner. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (lifeform): Falconids
    Sense id: en-chark-en-noun-u2rBUnjX Categories (other): English back-formations, English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of English back-formations: 6 15 14 60 5 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 3 11 6 62 4 13 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 5 13 4 61 3 14 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 3 9 3 67 2 16
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Verb

IPA: /t͡ʃɑː(ɹ)k/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chark.wav Forms: charks [present, singular, third-person], charking [participle, present], charked [participle, past], charked [past]
Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)k Etymology: A back-formation from charcoal (interpreted as chark coal). Etymology templates: {{back-formation|en|charcoal|nocap=1}} back-formation from charcoal Head templates: {{en-verb}} chark (third-person singular simple present charks, present participle charking, simple past and past participle charked)
  1. To reduce by strong heat, as to produce charcoal or coke; to calcine.
    Sense id: en-chark-en-verb-vtoGv-~l
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Verb

IPA: /t͡ʃɑː(ɹ)k/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chark.wav Forms: charks [present, singular, third-person], charking [participle, present], charked [participle, past], charked [past]
Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)k Etymology: Cognate with Scots chork, from Middle English charken, cherkin, from Old English ċearcian, variant of cracian (“to resound, make an abrasive sound, crack”), from Proto-West Germanic *krakōn, from Proto-Germanic *krakōną (“to crack, crackle; to shriek”). Doublet of chirk, crack, and crake. Etymology templates: {{cog|sco|chork}} Scots chork, {{inh|en|enm|charken}} Middle English charken, {{inh|en|ang|ċearcian}} Old English ċearcian, {{der|en|gmw-pro|*krakōn}} Proto-West Germanic *krakōn, {{der|en|gem-pro|*krakōną||to crack, crackle; to shriek}} Proto-Germanic *krakōną (“to crack, crackle; to shriek”), {{doublet|en|chirk|crack|crake}} Doublet of chirk, crack, and crake Head templates: {{en-verb}} chark (third-person singular simple present charks, present participle charking, simple past and past participle charked)
  1. (Scotland) To make a grating sound. Tags: Scotland Categories (topical): Sounds
    Sense id: en-chark-en-verb-tnf1KgjC Categories (other): Scottish English
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "charcoal",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "back-formation from charcoal",
      "name": "back-formation"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "A back-formation from charcoal (interpreted as chark coal).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "charks",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "chark (countable and uncountable, plural charks)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1719, Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe:",
          "text": "... so I contrived to burn some wood here, as I had seen done in England, under turf, till it became chark or dry coal ...",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Charcoal; coke."
      ],
      "id": "en-chark-en-noun-pY8vPE7z",
      "links": [
        [
          "Charcoal",
          "charcoal"
        ],
        [
          "coke",
          "coke"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1872, Charles Hardwick, Traditions, Superstitions, and Folk-lore:",
          "text": "The discoverer of the chark, or \" fire-drill,\" an instrument for obtaining fire by artificial means, would be so great a benefactor to a people that had to suffer all the inconveniences resulting from occasional fireless hearths, that we may well understand why he may be invested by his astonished and delighted fellow-savages with miraculous or supernatural powers.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A pointed stick, which when placed with the point against another piece of wood, and spun rapidly in alternate directions with the aid of attached cords, produces enough heat by friction to create a fire; a fire drill."
      ],
      "id": "en-chark-en-noun-inmXo70P",
      "links": [
        [
          "fire drill",
          "fire drill"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Alaska English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "American English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2006, Phyllis Downing Carlson, Laurel Downing Bill, Aunt Phil's Trunk: Early Alaska:",
          "text": "At noon, each man got his half-chark (a wine glass) full of rum and a four-quart iron pot of fish soup made from salt salmon, potatoes and graham flour ... in the evening another half chark of rum and 20 cents as pay for the day's work.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A wine glass."
      ],
      "id": "en-chark-en-noun-bzrqxI9D",
      "qualifier": "Alaska",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(US, Alaska) A wine glass."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "US",
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Falconids",
          "orig": "en:Falconids",
          "parents": [
            "Birds of prey",
            "Birds",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 15 14 60 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English back-formations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 11 6 62 4 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 13 4 61 3 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 9 3 67 2 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1856, Austen Henry Layard, Discoveries among the ruins of Nineveh and Babylon, 2nd edition:",
          "text": "A good chark will sometimes take as many as eight or ten bustards or five or six gazelles in the course of a morning.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A Middle Eastern falcon, probably the lanner."
      ],
      "id": "en-chark-en-noun-u2rBUnjX",
      "links": [
        [
          "falcon",
          "falcon"
        ],
        [
          "lanner",
          "lanner"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɑː(ɹ)k/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chark.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chark.wav.mp3",
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    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)k"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chark"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "charcoal",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "back-formation from charcoal",
      "name": "back-formation"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "A back-formation from charcoal (interpreted as chark coal).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "charks",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "charking",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "charked",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "charked",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "chark (third-person singular simple present charks, present participle charking, simple past and past participle charked)",
      "name": "en-verb"
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  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "1749, John Lowthorp, Royal Society of Great Britain, The Philosophical Transactions and Collections to the end of the year MDCC, 5th Edition,\nI have ſeen Turf chark'd, and then it ſerves to work Iron, and, as I have been inform'd will ſerve to make it in a Bloomery or Iron-work. Turf chark'd I reckon the ſweeteſt and wholeſomeſt Fire that can be, fitter for a Chamber and conſumptive People, than either Wood, Stone-Coal or Charcoal."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1771, John Whitaker, The History of Manchester, volume 1:",
          "text": "The method which the Romans now taught them of charking the coal continues eſſentially the ſame until the preſent moment.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2014, Chris Evans, Of Bone and Thunder:",
          "text": "“He's not the first driver that's charked, and he won't be the last,” Modelar said, speaking low. “The day you no longer accept that is the day you hang up your spurs.”",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To reduce by strong heat, as to produce charcoal or coke; to calcine."
      ],
      "id": "en-chark-en-verb-vtoGv-~l",
      "links": [
        [
          "charcoal",
          "charcoal"
        ],
        [
          "coke",
          "coke"
        ],
        [
          "calcine",
          "calcine"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɑː(ɹ)k/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chark.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chark.wav.mp3",
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    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)k"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chark"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "chork"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots chork",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "charken"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English charken",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "ċearcian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English ċearcian",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*krakōn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *krakōn",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*krakōną",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to crack, crackle; to shriek"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krakōną (“to crack, crackle; to shriek”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "chirk",
        "3": "crack",
        "4": "crake"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of chirk, crack, and crake",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Cognate with Scots chork, from Middle English charken, cherkin, from Old English ċearcian, variant of cracian (“to resound, make an abrasive sound, crack”), from Proto-West Germanic *krakōn, from Proto-Germanic *krakōną (“to crack, crackle; to shriek”). Doublet of chirk, crack, and crake.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "charks",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "charking",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "charked",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "charked",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "chark (third-person singular simple present charks, present participle charking, simple past and past participle charked)",
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    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Scottish English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Sounds",
          "orig": "en:Sounds",
          "parents": [
            "Sound",
            "Energy",
            "Nature",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1820, Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, volume 7:",
          "text": "The hoarse charking conversation which they carried on was calculated to support the delusion.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To make a grating sound."
      ],
      "id": "en-chark-en-verb-tnf1KgjC",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Scotland) To make a grating sound."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Scotland"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɑː(ɹ)k/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chark.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chark.wav.mp3",
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    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)k"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chark"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English back-formations",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English doublets",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)k",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)k/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "charcoal",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "back-formation from charcoal",
      "name": "back-formation"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "A back-formation from charcoal (interpreted as chark coal).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "charks",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
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    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1719, Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe:",
          "text": "... so I contrived to burn some wood here, as I had seen done in England, under turf, till it became chark or dry coal ...",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Charcoal; coke."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Charcoal",
          "charcoal"
        ],
        [
          "coke",
          "coke"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1872, Charles Hardwick, Traditions, Superstitions, and Folk-lore:",
          "text": "The discoverer of the chark, or \" fire-drill,\" an instrument for obtaining fire by artificial means, would be so great a benefactor to a people that had to suffer all the inconveniences resulting from occasional fireless hearths, that we may well understand why he may be invested by his astonished and delighted fellow-savages with miraculous or supernatural powers.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A pointed stick, which when placed with the point against another piece of wood, and spun rapidly in alternate directions with the aid of attached cords, produces enough heat by friction to create a fire; a fire drill."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fire drill",
          "fire drill"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Alaska English",
        "American English",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2006, Phyllis Downing Carlson, Laurel Downing Bill, Aunt Phil's Trunk: Early Alaska:",
          "text": "At noon, each man got his half-chark (a wine glass) full of rum and a four-quart iron pot of fish soup made from salt salmon, potatoes and graham flour ... in the evening another half chark of rum and 20 cents as pay for the day's work.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A wine glass."
      ],
      "qualifier": "Alaska",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(US, Alaska) A wine glass."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "US",
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned",
        "en:Falconids"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1856, Austen Henry Layard, Discoveries among the ruins of Nineveh and Babylon, 2nd edition:",
          "text": "A good chark will sometimes take as many as eight or ten bustards or five or six gazelles in the course of a morning.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A Middle Eastern falcon, probably the lanner."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "falcon",
          "falcon"
        ],
        [
          "lanner",
          "lanner"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɑː(ɹ)k/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chark.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chark.wav.mp3",
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    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)k"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chark"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English back-formations",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English doublets",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)k",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)k/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "charcoal",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "back-formation from charcoal",
      "name": "back-formation"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "A back-formation from charcoal (interpreted as chark coal).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "charks",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "charking",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "charked",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "charked",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "chark (third-person singular simple present charks, present participle charking, simple past and past participle charked)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "1749, John Lowthorp, Royal Society of Great Britain, The Philosophical Transactions and Collections to the end of the year MDCC, 5th Edition,\nI have ſeen Turf chark'd, and then it ſerves to work Iron, and, as I have been inform'd will ſerve to make it in a Bloomery or Iron-work. Turf chark'd I reckon the ſweeteſt and wholeſomeſt Fire that can be, fitter for a Chamber and conſumptive People, than either Wood, Stone-Coal or Charcoal."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1771, John Whitaker, The History of Manchester, volume 1:",
          "text": "The method which the Romans now taught them of charking the coal continues eſſentially the ſame until the preſent moment.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2014, Chris Evans, Of Bone and Thunder:",
          "text": "“He's not the first driver that's charked, and he won't be the last,” Modelar said, speaking low. “The day you no longer accept that is the day you hang up your spurs.”",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To reduce by strong heat, as to produce charcoal or coke; to calcine."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "charcoal",
          "charcoal"
        ],
        [
          "coke",
          "coke"
        ],
        [
          "calcine",
          "calcine"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɑː(ɹ)k/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chark.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chark.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chark.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)k"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chark"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English doublets",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English verbs",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)k",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)k/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "chork"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots chork",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "charken"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English charken",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "ċearcian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English ċearcian",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*krakōn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *krakōn",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*krakōną",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to crack, crackle; to shriek"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krakōną (“to crack, crackle; to shriek”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "chirk",
        "3": "crack",
        "4": "crake"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of chirk, crack, and crake",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Cognate with Scots chork, from Middle English charken, cherkin, from Old English ċearcian, variant of cracian (“to resound, make an abrasive sound, crack”), from Proto-West Germanic *krakōn, from Proto-Germanic *krakōną (“to crack, crackle; to shriek”). Doublet of chirk, crack, and crake.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "charks",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "charking",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "charked",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "charked",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "chark (third-person singular simple present charks, present participle charking, simple past and past participle charked)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned",
        "Scottish English",
        "en:Sounds"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1820, Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, volume 7:",
          "text": "The hoarse charking conversation which they carried on was calculated to support the delusion.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To make a grating sound."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Scotland) To make a grating sound."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Scotland"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɑː(ɹ)k/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chark.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chark.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chark.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)k"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chark"
}

Download raw JSONL data for chark meaning in English (9.8kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.