See chark in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for chark meaning in English (10.0kB)
{
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"etymology_text": "A back-formation from charcoal (interpreted as chark coal).",
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"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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{
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{
"ref": "1719, Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe",
"text": "... so I contrived to burn some wood here, as I had seen done in England, under turf, till it became chark or dry coal ...",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"Charcoal; coke."
],
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"Charcoal",
"charcoal"
],
[
"coke",
"coke"
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{
"categories": [
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{
"ref": "1872, Charles Hardwick, Traditions, Superstitions, and Folk-lore",
"text": "The discoverer of the chark, or \" fire-drill,\" an instrument for obtaining fire by artificial means, would be so great a benefactor to a people that had to suffer all the inconveniences resulting from occasional fireless hearths, that we may well understand why he may be invested by his astonished and delighted fellow-savages with miraculous or supernatural powers.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"A pointed stick, which when placed with the point against another piece of wood, and spun rapidly in alternate directions with the aid of attached cords, produces enough heat by friction to create a fire; a fire drill."
],
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"fire drill"
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{
"ref": "2006, Phyllis Downing Carlson, Laurel Downing Bill, Aunt Phil's Trunk: Early Alaska",
"text": "At noon, each man got his half-chark (a wine glass) full of rum and a four-quart iron pot of fish soup made from salt salmon, potatoes and graham flour ... in the evening another half chark of rum and 20 cents as pay for the day's work.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"A wine glass."
],
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"(US, Alaska) A wine glass."
],
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
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"orig": "en:Falconids",
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{
"ref": "1856, Austen Henry Layard, Discoveries among the ruins of Nineveh and Babylon, 2nd edition",
"text": "A good chark will sometimes take as many as eight or ten bustards or five or six gazelles in the course of a morning.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"A Middle Eastern falcon, probably the lanner."
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[
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}
],
"sounds": [
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"ipa": "/t͡ʃɑː(ɹ)k/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)k"
},
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"tags": [
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],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "charks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charking",
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"present"
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{
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{
"text": "1749, John Lowthorp, Royal Society of Great Britain, The Philosophical Transactions and Collections to the end of the year MDCC, 5th Edition,\nI have ſeen Turf chark'd, and then it ſerves to work Iron, and, as I have been inform'd will ſerve to make it in a Bloomery or Iron-work. Turf chark'd I reckon the ſweeteſt and wholeſomeſt Fire that can be, fitter for a Chamber and conſumptive People, than either Wood, Stone-Coal or Charcoal."
},
{
"ref": "1771, John Whitaker, The History of Manchester, volume 1",
"text": "The method which the Romans now taught them of charking the coal continues eſſentially the ſame until the preſent moment.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Chris Evans, Of Bone and Thunder",
"text": "“He's not the first driver that's charked, and he won't be the last,” Modelar said, speaking low. “The day you no longer accept that is the day you hang up your spurs.”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"To reduce by strong heat, as to produce charcoal or coke; to calcine."
],
"id": "en-chark-en-verb-vtoGv-~l",
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[
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[
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"calcine",
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]
}
],
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"ipa": "/t͡ʃɑː(ɹ)k/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)k"
},
{
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"tags": [
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{
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "chork"
},
"expansion": "Scots chork",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "charken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English charken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cherkin"
},
"expansion": "cherkin",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċearcian"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċearcian",
"name": "inh"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "crack"
},
"expansion": "crack",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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"5": "to crack, crackle; to shriek"
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"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krakōną (“to crack, crackle; to shriek”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "chirk",
"3": "crack",
"4": "crake"
},
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"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Scots chork, from Middle English charken, cherkin, from Old English ċearcian, variant of cracian (“to resound, make an abrasive sound, crack”), from Proto-West Germanic *krakōn, from Proto-Germanic *krakōną (“to crack, crackle; to shriek”). Doublet of chirk, crack, and crake.",
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{
"form": "charking",
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"present"
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{
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"name": "Sounds",
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{
"ref": "1820, Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, volume 7",
"text": "The hoarse charking conversation which they carried on was calculated to support the delusion.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a grating sound."
],
"id": "en-chark-en-verb-tnf1KgjC",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland) To make a grating sound."
],
"tags": [
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}
],
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},
{
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"ref": "1719, Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe",
"text": "... so I contrived to burn some wood here, as I had seen done in England, under turf, till it became chark or dry coal ...",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"Charcoal; coke."
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{
"ref": "1872, Charles Hardwick, Traditions, Superstitions, and Folk-lore",
"text": "The discoverer of the chark, or \" fire-drill,\" an instrument for obtaining fire by artificial means, would be so great a benefactor to a people that had to suffer all the inconveniences resulting from occasional fireless hearths, that we may well understand why he may be invested by his astonished and delighted fellow-savages with miraculous or supernatural powers.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"A pointed stick, which when placed with the point against another piece of wood, and spun rapidly in alternate directions with the aid of attached cords, produces enough heat by friction to create a fire; a fire drill."
],
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"fire drill",
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"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
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{
"ref": "2006, Phyllis Downing Carlson, Laurel Downing Bill, Aunt Phil's Trunk: Early Alaska",
"text": "At noon, each man got his half-chark (a wine glass) full of rum and a four-quart iron pot of fish soup made from salt salmon, potatoes and graham flour ... in the evening another half chark of rum and 20 cents as pay for the day's work.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"A wine glass."
],
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"(US, Alaska) A wine glass."
],
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{
"ref": "1856, Austen Henry Layard, Discoveries among the ruins of Nineveh and Babylon, 2nd edition",
"text": "A good chark will sometimes take as many as eight or ten bustards or five or six gazelles in the course of a morning.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"A Middle Eastern falcon, probably the lanner."
],
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],
[
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"lanner"
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"tags": [
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],
"sounds": [
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"ipa": "/t͡ʃɑː(ɹ)k/"
},
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},
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"English terms inherited from Middle English",
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"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
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"English verbs",
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"etymology_text": "A back-formation from charcoal (interpreted as chark coal).",
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{
"form": "charks",
"tags": [
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"third-person"
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},
{
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"present"
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"form": "charked",
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"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1749, John Lowthorp, Royal Society of Great Britain, The Philosophical Transactions and Collections to the end of the year MDCC, 5th Edition,\nI have ſeen Turf chark'd, and then it ſerves to work Iron, and, as I have been inform'd will ſerve to make it in a Bloomery or Iron-work. Turf chark'd I reckon the ſweeteſt and wholeſomeſt Fire that can be, fitter for a Chamber and conſumptive People, than either Wood, Stone-Coal or Charcoal."
},
{
"ref": "1771, John Whitaker, The History of Manchester, volume 1",
"text": "The method which the Romans now taught them of charking the coal continues eſſentially the ſame until the preſent moment.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Chris Evans, Of Bone and Thunder",
"text": "“He's not the first driver that's charked, and he won't be the last,” Modelar said, speaking low. “The day you no longer accept that is the day you hang up your spurs.”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To reduce by strong heat, as to produce charcoal or coke; to calcine."
],
"links": [
[
"charcoal",
"charcoal"
],
[
"coke",
"coke"
],
[
"calcine",
"calcine"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɑː(ɹ)k/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)k"
},
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
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}
],
"word": "chark"
}
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)k"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "chork"
},
"expansion": "Scots chork",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "charken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English charken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cherkin"
},
"expansion": "cherkin",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċearcian"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċearcian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "crack"
},
"expansion": "crack",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cracian",
"3": "",
"4": "to resound, make an abrasive sound, crack"
},
"expansion": "cracian (“to resound, make an abrasive sound, crack”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*krakōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *krakōn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krakōną",
"4": "",
"5": "to crack, crackle; to shriek"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krakōną (“to crack, crackle; to shriek”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chirk",
"3": "crack",
"4": "crake"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of chirk, crack, and crake",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Scots chork, from Middle English charken, cherkin, from Old English ċearcian, variant of cracian (“to resound, make an abrasive sound, crack”), from Proto-West Germanic *krakōn, from Proto-Germanic *krakōną (“to crack, crackle; to shriek”). Doublet of chirk, crack, and crake.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "charks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "charked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "charked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chark (third-person singular simple present charks, present participle charking, simple past and past participle charked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Scottish English",
"en:Sounds"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1820, Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, volume 7",
"text": "The hoarse charking conversation which they carried on was calculated to support the delusion.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a grating sound."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland) To make a grating sound."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɑː(ɹ)k/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)k"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chark.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chark.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chark.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chark.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "chark"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (82c8ff9 and f4967a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.