"cataracts" meaning in English

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
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      "args": {
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        "3": "cataractes"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English cataractes",
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      },
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      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
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        "3": "cataracte"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French cataracte",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "cataracte"
      },
      "expansion": "French cataracte",
      "name": "cog"
    },
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      "args": {
        "1": "etymon"
      },
      "expansion": "etymon",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "cataracta",
        "t": "floodgate; waterfall"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cataracta (“floodgate; waterfall”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "καταρράκτης",
        "4": "καταρ(ρ)άκτης",
        "5": "(noun) waterfall; (adjective) rushing downwards"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek καταρ(ρ)άκτης (katar(rh)áktēs, “(noun) waterfall; (adjective) rushing downwards”)",
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      "name": "glossary"
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      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
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        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wreh₂ǵʰ-",
        "t": "to pound, strike"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wreh₂ǵʰ- (“to pound, strike”)",
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      "args": {
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        "pos2": "suffix forming pluralia tantum"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, cataract + -s (suffix forming pluralia tantum)",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "PIE word\n *ḱóm\nFrom Late Middle English cataractes, cataractis, cateractes, used to translate καταρράκται (katarrháktai, “(probably) floodgates, sluices”) in the Septuagint and cataractae (“floodgates, sluices”) in the Vulgate versions of the Bible. The Middle English words are plural forms of cataract, cataracta, cateract, cateracte (“floodgate of heaven”), from Old French cataracte (modern French cataracte), and from its etymon Latin cataracta (“floodgate; waterfall”), from Ancient Greek καταρ(ρ)άκτης (katar(rh)áktēs, “(noun) waterfall; (adjective) rushing downwards”), from καταρ(ρ)ᾱ́σσω (katar(rh)ā́ssō, “to pour down; to rush downwards”) + -της (-tēs, suffix forming nouns denoting a state of being). Καταρ(ρ)ᾱ́σσω (Katar(rh)ā́ssō) is derived either:\n* from κᾰτᾰ- (kătă-, prefix meaning ‘downwards’) + ἀρᾰ́σσω (arắssō, “to dash to pieces; to strike”) (further etymology unknown, possibly onomatopoeic) or ῥᾱ́σσω (rhā́ssō, “to dash; to strike”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wreh₂ǵʰ- (“to pound, strike”)); or\n* from καταρρηγνύναι (katarrhēgnúnai, “to break down”).\nBy surface analysis, cataract + -s (suffix forming pluralia tantum).",
  "head_templates": [
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      "args": {
        "1": "p"
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  "hyphenation": [
    "cat‧a‧racts"
  ],
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  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
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          "kind": "topical",
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        },
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          "kind": "other",
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          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              129,
              138
            ]
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          "text": "No ſooner hee [Noah] vvith them of Man and Beaſt / Select for life ſhall in the Ark be lodg'd, / And ſhelterd round, but all the Cataracts / Of Heav'n ſet open on the Earth ſhall povvre / Raine day and night, […]",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The floodgates of heaven, regarded as holding back the rain."
      ],
      "id": "en-cataracts-en-noun-r5CW2k7J",
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          "biblical",
          "Bible"
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          "floodgate",
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        ],
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          "heaven",
          "heaven#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "regarded",
          "regard#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "holding",
          "hold#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "rain",
          "rain#Noun"
        ]
      ],
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        "(biblical, obsolete) The floodgates of heaven, regarded as holding back the rain."
      ],
      "tags": [
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        "plural",
        "plural-only"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biblical",
        "lifestyle",
        "religion"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkætəɹækts/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkætəˌɹæk(t)s/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Septuagint",
    "Vulgate"
  ],
  "word": "cataracts"
}

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  "etymology_number": 2,
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      },
      "expansion": "cataract + -s (suffix forming regular plural forms of nouns, and third-person singular simple present indicative forms of verbs)",
      "name": "affix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From cataract + -s (suffix forming regular plural forms of nouns, and third-person singular simple present indicative forms of verbs).",
  "head_templates": [
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        "2": "noun form"
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  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
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          "word": "cataract"
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        "plural of cataract"
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          "cataract#English"
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      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
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    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkætəˌɹæk(t)s/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
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  "word": "cataracts"
}

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  "etymology_number": 2,
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      "expansion": "cataract + -s (suffix forming regular plural forms of nouns, and third-person singular simple present indicative forms of verbs)",
      "name": "affix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From cataract + -s (suffix forming regular plural forms of nouns, and third-person singular simple present indicative forms of verbs).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
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        "2": "verb form"
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  "pos": "verb",
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      "tags": [
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  "word": "cataracts"
}

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  "categories": [
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    "English lemmas",
    "English non-lemma forms",
    "English noun forms",
    "English nouns",
    "English pluralia tantum",
    "English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wreh₂ǵʰ-",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ḱóm",
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        "1": "faithfully translated into English, out of the authentical Latin. Diligently conferred with the Hebrew, Greeke and other Editions in diuerse languages."
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        "1": "faithfully translated into English, out of the authentical Latin. Diligently conferred with the Hebrew, Greeke and other Editions in diuerse languages."
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      "name": "glossary"
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        "1": "en",
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        "3": "cataracte"
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      "expansion": "Old French cataracte",
      "name": "der"
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        "2": "cataracte"
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      "expansion": "French cataracte",
      "name": "cog"
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      "name": "glossary"
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    {
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        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "cataracta",
        "t": "floodgate; waterfall"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cataracta (“floodgate; waterfall”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "καταρράκτης",
        "4": "καταρ(ρ)άκτης",
        "5": "(noun) waterfall; (adjective) rushing downwards"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek καταρ(ρ)άκτης (katar(rh)áktēs, “(noun) waterfall; (adjective) rushing downwards”)",
      "name": "der"
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      "name": "glossary"
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      "name": "glossary"
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        "2": "ine-pro",
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        "t": "to pound, strike"
      },
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      "name": "glossary"
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      "name": "glossary"
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        "2": "cataract",
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        "id2": "pluralia tantum",
        "pos2": "suffix forming pluralia tantum"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, cataract + -s (suffix forming pluralia tantum)",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "PIE word\n *ḱóm\nFrom Late Middle English cataractes, cataractis, cateractes, used to translate καταρράκται (katarrháktai, “(probably) floodgates, sluices”) in the Septuagint and cataractae (“floodgates, sluices”) in the Vulgate versions of the Bible. The Middle English words are plural forms of cataract, cataracta, cateract, cateracte (“floodgate of heaven”), from Old French cataracte (modern French cataracte), and from its etymon Latin cataracta (“floodgate; waterfall”), from Ancient Greek καταρ(ρ)άκτης (katar(rh)áktēs, “(noun) waterfall; (adjective) rushing downwards”), from καταρ(ρ)ᾱ́σσω (katar(rh)ā́ssō, “to pour down; to rush downwards”) + -της (-tēs, suffix forming nouns denoting a state of being). Καταρ(ρ)ᾱ́σσω (Katar(rh)ā́ssō) is derived either:\n* from κᾰτᾰ- (kătă-, prefix meaning ‘downwards’) + ἀρᾰ́σσω (arắssō, “to dash to pieces; to strike”) (further etymology unknown, possibly onomatopoeic) or ῥᾱ́σσω (rhā́ssō, “to dash; to strike”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wreh₂ǵʰ- (“to pound, strike”)); or\n* from καταρρηγνύναι (katarrhēgnúnai, “to break down”).\nBy surface analysis, cataract + -s (suffix forming pluralia tantum).",
  "head_templates": [
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        "1": "p"
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      "expansion": "cataracts pl (plural only)",
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  "hyphenation": [
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  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
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      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Bible"
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        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              129,
              138
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC, signature [Rr3], verso, lines 818–822:",
          "text": "No ſooner hee [Noah] vvith them of Man and Beaſt / Select for life ſhall in the Ark be lodg'd, / And ſhelterd round, but all the Cataracts / Of Heav'n ſet open on the Earth ſhall povvre / Raine day and night, […]",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The floodgates of heaven, regarded as holding back the rain."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "biblical",
          "Bible"
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        [
          "floodgate",
          "floodgate"
        ],
        [
          "heaven",
          "heaven#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "regarded",
          "regard#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "holding",
          "hold#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "rain",
          "rain#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(biblical, obsolete) The floodgates of heaven, regarded as holding back the rain."
      ],
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      "ipa": "/ˈkætəˌɹæk(t)s/",
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    "Septuagint",
    "Vulgate"
  ],
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}

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{
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  "path": [
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  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "cataracts",
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}