See Middle Dutch in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"ref": "1907, Joseph Wright, Historical German Grammar: Vol. I: Phonology, Word-Formation and Accidence, page 7:",
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"ref": "1923 (reprinted 1948), Arthur Kirk, An Introduction to the Historical Study of New High German (Publications of the University of Manchester: Germanic Series; No. II), page 10:",
"text": "Old Low Franconian is the ancestor of modern Dutch, Flemish, Brabantish and Limburgish. It is called Old Low Franconian to c. 1100; Middle Low Franconian or Middle Dutch, from 1100 to 1600; from 1600 onwards, New Low Franconian or New Dutch.",
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"ref": "1993, Colette M. van Kerckvoorde, An Introduction to Middle Dutch, Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter (a division of Walter de Gruyter & Co.), page 1:",
"text": "One can distinguish four major dialect groups of Middle Dutch: (a) Flemish, which was spoken in the region of Flanders, and Zeeuws, spoken in Zeeland; (b) Brabantic, used in the area of Brussels, Louvain, Antwerp, Mechlin, and Breda; (c) Hollandic, the dialect of the county of Holland; and (d) Limburgic, the language used in the easter part of the Middle Dutch territory. The first three dialect groups may be referred to as West Franconian, while Limburgic is known as East Franconian.",
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"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"word": "Middelnederlands"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
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"word": "Middelnederlands"
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{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
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"word": "Diets"
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"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"word": "keskihollanti"
},
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"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
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"masculine"
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"word": "moyen néerlandais"
},
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"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sašualo niderlanduli",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"word": "საშუალო ნიდერლანდული"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sašualo niderlanduli ena",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"word": "საშუალო ნიდერლანდული ენა"
},
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"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
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"word": "Mittelniederländisch"
},
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"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "miðhollenska"
},
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"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "olandese medio"
},
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"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "holandês médio"
},
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"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "medelnederländska"
},
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"code": "vls",
"lang": "West Flemish",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"word": "Middelnederlands"
},
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"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"word": "Midnederlânsk"
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"code": "af",
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"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"word": "Middelnederlands"
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"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"tags": [
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"word": "Middelnederlands"
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{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
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"word": "Diets"
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{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"word": "keskihollanti"
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{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "moyen néerlandais"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sašualo niderlanduli",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"word": "საშუალო ნიდერლანდული"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sašualo niderlanduli ena",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"word": "საშუალო ნიდერლანდული ენა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
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"word": "Mittelniederländisch"
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{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "miðhollenska"
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{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "olandese medio"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
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"word": "holandês médio"
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{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"tags": [
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"word": "medelnederländska"
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{
"code": "vls",
"lang": "West Flemish",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"word": "Middelnederlands"
},
{
"code": "fy",
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"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"word": "Midnederlânsk"
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Download raw JSONL data for Middle Dutch meaning in English (4.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.