See Middle Dutch in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for Middle Dutch meaning in English (4.6kB)
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"ref": "1907, Joseph Wright, Historical German Grammar: Vol. I: Phonology, Word-Formation and Accidence, page 7",
"text": "(3) West Germanic, which is composed of:—\n[...]\n(d) Low Franconian, called Old Low Franconian or Old Dutch until about 1200; Middle Low Franconian or Middle Dutch from 1200 to 1500; from 1500 onwards New Low Franconian, including Dutch, Flemish, Brabantish, and Limburgish.",
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"ref": "1923 (reprinted 1948), Arthur Kirk, An Introduction to the Historical Study of New High German (Publications of the University of Manchester: Germanic Series; No. II), page 10",
"text": "Old Low Franconian is the ancestor of modern Dutch, Flemish, Brabantish and Limburgish. It is called Old Low Franconian to c. 1100; Middle Low Franconian or Middle Dutch, from 1100 to 1600; from 1600 onwards, New Low Franconian or New Dutch.",
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"ref": "1993, Colette M. van Kerckvoorde, An Introduction to Middle Dutch, Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter (a division of Walter de Gruyter & Co.), page 1",
"text": "One can distinguish four major dialect groups of Middle Dutch: (a) Flemish, which was spoken in the region of Flanders, and Zeeuws, spoken in Zeeland; (b) Brabantic, used in the area of Brussels, Louvain, Antwerp, Mechlin, and Breda; (c) Hollandic, the dialect of the county of Holland; and (d) Limburgic, the language used in the easter part of the Middle Dutch territory. The first three dialect groups may be referred to as West Franconian, while Limburgic is known as East Franconian.",
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"Collective name for a number of closely related West Germanic dialects (whose ancestor was Old Dutch) which were spoken and written between 1150 and 1500 in the present-day Dutch-speaking area. There was at that time as yet no overarching standard language, but they were all mutually intelligible."
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"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"word": "Middelnederlands"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
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"word": "Middelnederlands"
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"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
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"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"word": "keskihollanti"
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"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
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"word": "moyen néerlandais"
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{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sašualo niderlanduli",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"word": "საშუალო ნიდერლანდული"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sašualo niderlanduli ena",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"word": "საშუალო ნიდერლანდული ენა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Mittelniederländisch"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "miðhollenska"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
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"word": "olandese medio"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
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"word": "holandês médio"
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"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
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"word": "medelnederländska"
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"code": "vls",
"lang": "West Flemish",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"word": "Middelnederlands"
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"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"word": "Midnederlânsk"
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"type": "quotation"
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"Collective name for a number of closely related West Germanic dialects (whose ancestor was Old Dutch) which were spoken and written between 1150 and 1500 in the present-day Dutch-speaking area. There was at that time as yet no overarching standard language, but they were all mutually intelligible."
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"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"word": "Middelnederlands"
},
{
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"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"tags": [
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"word": "Middelnederlands"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Diets"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"word": "keskihollanti"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "moyen néerlandais"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sašualo niderlanduli",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"word": "საშუალო ნიდერლანდული"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sašualo niderlanduli ena",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"word": "საშუალო ნიდერლანდული ენა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Mittelniederländisch"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "miðhollenska"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "olandese medio"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "holandês médio"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
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"word": "medelnederländska"
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"code": "vls",
"lang": "West Flemish",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"word": "Middelnederlands"
},
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"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "the Middle Dutch language",
"word": "Midnederlânsk"
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (0b52755 and 5cb0836). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.