"Hàn Chinese" meaning in English

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          "ref": "2006, Jen Lin-Liu, Dinny McMahon, Paul Mooney, Sharon Owyang, Beth Reiber, Graeme Smith, Christopher D. Winnan, Frommer’s® China, 2nd edition, Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley Publishing, Inc., →ISBN, pages 284 and 286:",
          "text": "Dūnhuáng’s name (blazing beacon) derives from its function as a Hàn Chinese garrison town, but the Táng name of Shā Zhōu (sand district) describes it better, hemmed in by sand dunes and bleak, pebbly desert.",
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          "ref": "2012, Sanping Chen, Multicultural China in the Early Middle Ages, Philadelphia, Pa.: University of Pennsylvania Press, →ISBN, page 18:",
          "text": "It should be pointed out that exactly on this point the supposedly native Tang dynasty was strikingly akin to the Qing regime, a typical conquest dynasty in the conventional categorization. The latter, unburdened by the need to maintain a Hàn Chinese façade, simply (after a period of failed experimentation) abolished the institution of an heir apparent altogether.",
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          "ref": "2021, George van Driem, Ethnolinguistic Prehistory: The Peopling of the World from the Perspective of Language, Genes and Material Culture, Leiden, Boston, Mass.: Brill, →ISBN, pages 32 and 65:",
          "text": "Probably the most insidious and pervasive case, however, is to be found in the study of prehistory by the archaeologists, population geneticists and linguists of China, where a one-party dictatorship seeks to exert political control over the scholarly narrative and to encourage the projection of a Hàn Chinese identity onto the distant past, a grossly anachronistic trend against which the celebrated archaeologist Kwang-chih Chang presciently warned in the 1980s. […] Today the quest continues for what is perceived to be a Hàn Chinese physiognomy, with Huang et al. (2020) identifying four genes encoding for the facial features which the philosopher in Königsberg might have had in mind.",
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        "Alternative spelling of Han Chinese."
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          "ref": "2006, Jen Lin-Liu, Dinny McMahon, Paul Mooney, Sharon Owyang, Beth Reiber, Graeme Smith, Christopher D. Winnan, Frommer’s® China, 2nd edition, Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley Publishing, Inc., →ISBN, page 248, column 2:",
          "text": "After an absence of over a millennium, Hàn Chinese are reasserting control over the Silk Routes with a ruthlessness that the Wǔdì emperor (reigned 141–87 b.c.)—the first ruler to control the Silk Routes—would have envied.",
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          "ref": "2012, C[harles] A[lfred] S[peed] Williams, Chinese Symbolism & Art Motifs: A Comprehensive Handbook on Symbolism in Chinese Art Through the Ages, 4th edition, Tuttle Publishing, →ISBN:",
          "text": "We know much about the Hàn Chinese because of their custom of burying with their dead an abundance of personal goods, domestic articles, and little ceramic models portraying daily life.",
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          "ref": "2022, Hamza Dudgeon, “The Hanafis”, in Oliver Leaman, editor, Routledge Handbook of Islamic Ritual and Practice, Routledge, →DOI, →ISBN:",
          "text": "I am conscious, while writing this section of the essay, that at this very moment the Hàn Chinese are waging genocide against Muslims in Turkestan, which the colonizing Hàn call Xīn Jiāng 新疆 (lit. new frontier) in their version of “Manifest Destiny” (Dillon 2005, 3–4; Perdue 2005).",
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          "ref": "2006, Jen Lin-Liu, Dinny McMahon, Paul Mooney, Sharon Owyang, Beth Reiber, Graeme Smith, Christopher D. Winnan, Frommer’s® China, 2nd edition, Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley Publishing, Inc., →ISBN, pages 284 and 286:",
          "text": "Dūnhuáng’s name (blazing beacon) derives from its function as a Hàn Chinese garrison town, but the Táng name of Shā Zhōu (sand district) describes it better, hemmed in by sand dunes and bleak, pebbly desert.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2012, Sanping Chen, Multicultural China in the Early Middle Ages, Philadelphia, Pa.: University of Pennsylvania Press, →ISBN, page 18:",
          "text": "It should be pointed out that exactly on this point the supposedly native Tang dynasty was strikingly akin to the Qing regime, a typical conquest dynasty in the conventional categorization. The latter, unburdened by the need to maintain a Hàn Chinese façade, simply (after a period of failed experimentation) abolished the institution of an heir apparent altogether.",
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        },
        {
          "ref": "2021, George van Driem, Ethnolinguistic Prehistory: The Peopling of the World from the Perspective of Language, Genes and Material Culture, Leiden, Boston, Mass.: Brill, →ISBN, pages 32 and 65:",
          "text": "Probably the most insidious and pervasive case, however, is to be found in the study of prehistory by the archaeologists, population geneticists and linguists of China, where a one-party dictatorship seeks to exert political control over the scholarly narrative and to encourage the projection of a Hàn Chinese identity onto the distant past, a grossly anachronistic trend against which the celebrated archaeologist Kwang-chih Chang presciently warned in the 1980s. […] Today the quest continues for what is perceived to be a Hàn Chinese physiognomy, with Huang et al. (2020) identifying four genes encoding for the facial features which the philosopher in Königsberg might have had in mind.",
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        "Alternative spelling of Han Chinese."
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          "ref": "2006, Jen Lin-Liu, Dinny McMahon, Paul Mooney, Sharon Owyang, Beth Reiber, Graeme Smith, Christopher D. Winnan, Frommer’s® China, 2nd edition, Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley Publishing, Inc., →ISBN, page 248, column 2:",
          "text": "After an absence of over a millennium, Hàn Chinese are reasserting control over the Silk Routes with a ruthlessness that the Wǔdì emperor (reigned 141–87 b.c.)—the first ruler to control the Silk Routes—would have envied.",
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        },
        {
          "ref": "2012, C[harles] A[lfred] S[peed] Williams, Chinese Symbolism & Art Motifs: A Comprehensive Handbook on Symbolism in Chinese Art Through the Ages, 4th edition, Tuttle Publishing, →ISBN:",
          "text": "We know much about the Hàn Chinese because of their custom of burying with their dead an abundance of personal goods, domestic articles, and little ceramic models portraying daily life.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
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          "ref": "2022, Hamza Dudgeon, “The Hanafis”, in Oliver Leaman, editor, Routledge Handbook of Islamic Ritual and Practice, Routledge, →DOI, →ISBN:",
          "text": "I am conscious, while writing this section of the essay, that at this very moment the Hàn Chinese are waging genocide against Muslims in Turkestan, which the colonizing Hàn call Xīn Jiāng 新疆 (lit. new frontier) in their version of “Manifest Destiny” (Dillon 2005, 3–4; Perdue 2005).",
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