See -graphous in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*gerbʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gerbʰ-#Proto-Indo-European:_to_carve"
],
[
"*grə́pʰō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/grə́pʰō#Proto-Hellenic:_to_scratch"
],
[
"γράφω",
"γράφω#Ancient_Greek:_to_scratch"
],
[
"-ος",
"-ος#Ancient_Greek:_adjective"
],
[
"-γράφος",
"-γράφος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"-graphus",
"-graphus#Latin:_adjective"
],
[
"-ōsus",
"-osus#Latin"
],
[
"-us",
"-us#Old_French"
],
[
"-ous",
"-ous#Middle_English"
],
[
"-ous",
"-ous#English"
],
[
"-graphus",
"-graphus#Latin:_adjective"
],
[
"-ous",
"-ous#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "la:-graphus<id:adjective><pos:adjective-forming suffix>",
"4": "-ous",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gerbʰ-\nProto-Hellenic *grə́pʰō\nAncient Greek γράφω (gráphō)\nAncient Greek -ος (-os)\nAncient Greek -γράφος (-gráphos)bor.\nLatin -graphus\nLatin -ōsus\nOld French -usbor.\nMiddle English -ous\nEnglish -ous\nEnglish -graphous\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to scratch\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to scratch\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to carve\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*gerbʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*grə́pʰō\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"γράφω\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ος\", \"lang\" : \"grc\", \"pos\" : \"suffix forming compound adjectives (often nominalizable)\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-γράφος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-graphus\", \"lang\" : \"la\", \"pos\" : \"adjective-forming suffix\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ōsus\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-us\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ous\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ous\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-graphous\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-graphous\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la:-graphus<id:adjective><pos:adjective-forming suffix>",
"3": "-ous",
"type": "adap"
},
"expansion": "Adapted borrowing of Latin -graphus (adjective-forming suffix) + -ous",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "la:-graphus<id:adjective><pos:adjective-forming suffix>",
"4": "-ous",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gerbʰ-\nProto-Hellenic *grə́pʰō\nAncient Greek γράφω (gráphō)\nAncient Greek -ος (-os)\nAncient Greek -γράφος (-gráphos)bor.\nLatin -graphus\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ed-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₃édosder.?\nProto-Italic *-ŏ̄dsos?\nOld Latin -ōssus\nLatin -ōsus\nOld French -usbor.\nMiddle English -ous\nEnglish -ous\nEnglish -graphous",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gerbʰ-\nProto-Hellenic *grə́pʰō\nAncient Greek γράφω (gráphō)\nAncient Greek -ος (-os)\nAncient Greek -γράφος (-gráphos)bor.\nLatin -graphus\nLatin -ōsus\nOld French -usbor.\nMiddle English -ous\nEnglish -ous\nEnglish -graphous\nAdapted borrowing of Latin -graphus (adjective-forming suffix) + -ous.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "-graphous (adjective-forming suffix)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English adapted borrowings from Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ous",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "homo- + -graphous → homographous",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hetero- + -graphous → heterographous",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "auto- + -graphous → autographous",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having a specified form or manner of writing."
],
"id": "en--graphous-en-suffix-O-iEv~bm",
"links": [
[
"writing",
"writing"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "-graphe"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "-grafo"
}
]
}
],
"word": "-graphous"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*gerbʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gerbʰ-#Proto-Indo-European:_to_carve"
],
[
"*grə́pʰō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/grə́pʰō#Proto-Hellenic:_to_scratch"
],
[
"γράφω",
"γράφω#Ancient_Greek:_to_scratch"
],
[
"-ος",
"-ος#Ancient_Greek:_adjective"
],
[
"-γράφος",
"-γράφος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"-graphus",
"-graphus#Latin:_adjective"
],
[
"-ōsus",
"-osus#Latin"
],
[
"-us",
"-us#Old_French"
],
[
"-ous",
"-ous#Middle_English"
],
[
"-ous",
"-ous#English"
],
[
"-graphus",
"-graphus#Latin:_adjective"
],
[
"-ous",
"-ous#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "la:-graphus<id:adjective><pos:adjective-forming suffix>",
"4": "-ous",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gerbʰ-\nProto-Hellenic *grə́pʰō\nAncient Greek γράφω (gráphō)\nAncient Greek -ος (-os)\nAncient Greek -γράφος (-gráphos)bor.\nLatin -graphus\nLatin -ōsus\nOld French -usbor.\nMiddle English -ous\nEnglish -ous\nEnglish -graphous\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to scratch\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to scratch\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to carve\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*gerbʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*grə́pʰō\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"γράφω\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ος\", \"lang\" : \"grc\", \"pos\" : \"suffix forming compound adjectives (often nominalizable)\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-γράφος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-graphus\", \"lang\" : \"la\", \"pos\" : \"adjective-forming suffix\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ōsus\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-us\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ous\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ous\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-graphous\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-graphous\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la:-graphus<id:adjective><pos:adjective-forming suffix>",
"3": "-ous",
"type": "adap"
},
"expansion": "Adapted borrowing of Latin -graphus (adjective-forming suffix) + -ous",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "la:-graphus<id:adjective><pos:adjective-forming suffix>",
"4": "-ous",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gerbʰ-\nProto-Hellenic *grə́pʰō\nAncient Greek γράφω (gráphō)\nAncient Greek -ος (-os)\nAncient Greek -γράφος (-gráphos)bor.\nLatin -graphus\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ed-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₃édosder.?\nProto-Italic *-ŏ̄dsos?\nOld Latin -ōssus\nLatin -ōsus\nOld French -usbor.\nMiddle English -ous\nEnglish -ous\nEnglish -graphous",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gerbʰ-\nProto-Hellenic *grə́pʰō\nAncient Greek γράφω (gráphō)\nAncient Greek -ος (-os)\nAncient Greek -γράφος (-gráphos)bor.\nLatin -graphus\nLatin -ōsus\nOld French -usbor.\nMiddle English -ous\nEnglish -ous\nEnglish -graphous\nAdapted borrowing of Latin -graphus (adjective-forming suffix) + -ous.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "-graphous (adjective-forming suffix)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English adapted borrowings from Latin",
"English adjective-forming suffixes",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gerbʰ-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃ed- (smell)",
"English terms suffixed with -ous",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Translation table header lacks gloss"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "homo- + -graphous → homographous",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hetero- + -graphous → heterographous",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "auto- + -graphous → autographous",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having a specified form or manner of writing."
],
"links": [
[
"writing",
"writing"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "-graphe"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "-grafo"
}
],
"word": "-graphous"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -graphous meaning in English (6.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (c1bb342 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.