English Wiktionary data extraction errors and warnings

ground/English/noun

1: ground/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with etymology trees", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular past participles", "English irregular simple past forms", "English lemmas", "English non-lemma forms", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰrem-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English uncountable nouns", "English verb forms", "English verbs", "Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa", "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)", "Entries with translation boxes", "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English terms derived from Old English", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰrem-", "Middle English terms inherited from Old English", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Arabic translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of French translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Japanese translations", "Requests for review of Latin translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Rhymes:English/aʊnd", "Rhymes:English/aʊnd/1 syllable", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Baluchi translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Coptic translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Mari translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Higaonon translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Kabuverdianu translations", "Terms with Kalmyk translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Lü translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Galician-Portuguese translations", "Terms with Old High German translations", "Terms with Oromo translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Southern Altai translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tocharian A translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yagara translations", "enm:Earth"], "derived": [{"word": "above ground"}, {"word": "aboveground"}, {"word": "above-ground"}, {"word": "absorbent ground"}, {"word": "aground"}, {"word": "air-to-ground"}, {"word": "archery ground"}, {"word": "background"}, {"word": "barren-ground caribou"}, {"word": "Battle Ground"}, {"word": "battleground"}, {"word": "battle ground"}, {"word": "belowground"}, {"word": "best on ground"}, {"word": "bootleg ground"}, {"word": "boots on the ground"}, {"word": "bora ground"}, {"word": "break new ground"}, {"word": "bring to ground"}, {"word": "Brussels ground"}, {"word": "Brussels wire ground"}, {"word": "burying ground"}, {"word": "cover ground"}, {"word": "cumberground"}, {"word": "cumber-ground"}, {"word": "cumber ground"}, {"word": "cut the ground from under someone's feet"}, {"word": "dead ground"}, {"word": "drill ground"}, {"word": "drive into the ground"}, {"word": "drive something into the ground"}, {"word": "dumping ground"}, {"word": "ear to the ground"}, {"word": "eyes on the ground"}, {"word": "facts on the ground"}, {"word": "fall on stony ground"}, {"word": "fall to the ground"}, {"word": "feet on the ground"}, {"word": "figure and ground"}, {"word": "fishing ground"}, {"word": "floating ground"}, {"word": "foreground"}, {"word": "the ground up"}, {"word": "gain-ground"}, {"word": "get off the ground"}, {"word": "gill-go-by-the-ground"}, {"word": "gill-over-the-ground"}, {"word": "go to ground"}, {"word": "ground and pound"}, {"word": "ground angling"}, {"word": "ground bailiff"}, {"word": "groundbait"}, {"word": "ground ball"}, {"word": "ground bar"}, {"word": "ground bass"}, {"word": "ground beetle"}, {"word": "ground berry"}, {"word": "ground blizzard"}, {"word": "ground breaker"}, {"word": "ground-breaking"}, {"word": "ground cable"}, {"word": "ground cedar"}, {"word": "ground cherry"}, {"word": "ground clearance"}, {"word": "ground cloth"}, {"word": "ground clutter"}, {"word": "ground control"}, {"word": "ground control point"}, {"word": "ground cover"}, {"word": "ground crew"}, {"word": "groundcrew"}, {"word": "ground cruncher"}, {"word": "ground cuckoo"}, {"taxonomic": "Santolina chamaecyparissus", "word": "ground cypress"}, {"word": "ground dove"}, {"word": "ground effect"}, {"word": "ground elder"}, {"word": "ground failure"}, {"word": "ground fault"}, {"word": "ground finch"}, {"word": "ground fir"}, {"word": "ground fire"}, {"word": "ground fish"}, {"word": "ground floor"}, {"word": "ground-floor"}, {"word": "ground fog"}, {"word": "ground food"}, {"word": "ground forces"}, {"word": "ground frame"}, {"word": "ground frost"}, {"word": "ground game"}, {"word": "ground-glass"}, {"word": "ground hemlock"}, {"word": "ground hog"}, {"word": "groundhog"}, {"word": "ground-hog"}, {"word": "ground hornbill"}, {"word": "ground ice"}, {"word": "ground itch"}, {"word": "ground ivy"}, {"word": "ground-ivy"}, {"word": "ground lamella"}, {"word": "ground laurel"}, {"word": "groundless"}, {"word": "ground level"}, {"word": "groundling"}, {"word": "ground loop"}, {"word": "groundly"}, {"word": "ground-man"}, {"word": "ground man"}, {"word": "ground meristem"}, {"word": "ground mist"}, {"word": "ground-mist"}, {"word": "ground moraine"}, {"word": "ground noise"}, {"word": "ground out"}, {"word": "ground pangolin"}, {"word": "ground pea"}, {"word": "ground pear"}, {"word": "ground pine"}, {"word": "ground plane"}, {"word": "ground plan"}, {"word": "ground-plan"}, {"word": "ground plate"}, {"word": "ground plum"}, {"word": "ground pounder"}, {"word": "ground power"}, {"word": "ground provisions"}, {"word": "ground proximity warning system"}, {"word": "ground rattlesnake"}, {"word": "ground rent"}, {"word": "ground robin"}, {"word": "ground roller"}, {"word": "ground row"}, {"word": "ground rule"}, {"word": "ground-rule"}, {"word": "ground sense"}, {"word": "ground set"}, {"word": "ground-shaker"}, {"word": "ground shark"}, {"word": "ground signal"}, {"word": "ground sloth"}, {"word": "groundsman"}, {"word": "ground snake"}, {"word": "ground speed"}, {"word": "ground spider"}, {"word": "ground squirrel"}, {"word": "ground staff"}, {"word": "ground state"}, {"word": "ground station"}, {"word": "ground stop"}, {"word": "ground-stroke"}, {"word": "ground stroke"}, {"word": "ground substance"}, {"word": "ground swell"}, {"word": "ground tackle"}, {"word": "ground tissue"}, {"word": "ground-to-air"}, {"word": "ground-to-ground"}, {"word": "ground-to-ship"}, {"word": "ground troops"}, {"word": "ground truth"}, {"word": "ground truthing"}, {"word": "ground tyrant"}, {"word": "ground wallah"}, {"word": "ground water"}, {"word": "ground wave"}, {"word": "ground wire"}, {"word": "ground-work"}, {"word": "groundwork"}, {"word": "ground-zero"}, {"word": "ground zero"}, {"word": "happy hunting ground"}, {"word": "hit the ground running"}, {"word": "hold one's ground"}, {"word": "honeycomb ground"}, {"word": "hunting ground"}, {"word": "in the ground"}, {"word": "kiss the ground someone walks on"}, {"word": "know one's ass from a hole in the ground"}, {"word": "know one's head from a hole in the ground"}, {"word": "know someone from a hole in the ground"}, {"word": "know the difference between one's ass and a hole in the ground"}, {"word": "level to the ground"}, {"word": "lost ground"}, {"word": "make ground"}, {"word": "middle-ground"}, {"word": "moral low ground"}, {"word": "native ground"}, {"word": "nuisance ground"}, {"word": "off the ground"}, {"word": "on familiar ground"}, {"word": "on one's own ground"}, {"word": "on shaky ground"}, {"word": "on solid ground"}, {"word": "on the ground"}, {"word": "open ground"}, {"word": "out ground"}, {"word": "overground"}, {"word": "Overground"}, {"word": "prepare the ground"}, {"word": "put facts on the ground"}, {"word": "put in the ground"}, {"word": "recreation ground"}, {"word": "rooted to the ground"}, {"word": "ruddy ground dove"}, {"word": "rufous-vented ground-cuckoo"}, {"word": "run into the ground"}, {"word": "run to ground"}, {"word": "run to the ground"}, {"word": "Saint Croix ground lizard"}, {"word": "schoolground"}, {"word": "sea-ground"}, {"word": "shift ground"}, {"word": "shift one's ground"}, {"word": "ship-to-ground"}, {"word": "Skinner's ground mantis"}, {"word": "soften the ground"}, {"word": "soften up the ground"}, {"word": "spawning ground"}, {"word": "standing ground"}, {"word": "stand one's ground"}, {"word": "stand-your-ground law"}, {"word": "suit down to the ground"}, {"word": "tactile ground surface indicator"}, {"word": "thick on the ground"}, {"word": "thin on the ground"}, {"word": "Tom Tidler's ground"}, {"word": "Tommy Tiddler's ground"}, {"word": "underground"}, {"word": "Underground"}, {"word": "work into the ground"}, {"word": "worship the ground someone walks on"}, {"english": "ground", "urls": ["https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Category:%7B%7Blangname%7Cen%7D%7D+lemmas&from=ground#mw-pages"], "word": "English terms starting with"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "inh", "3": "enm>ground>surface", "id": "earth", "tree": "1"}, "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʰrem-der.\nProto-Germanic *grunduz\nOld English grund\nMiddle English ground\nEnglish ground", "name": "etymon"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "ground"}, "expansion": "Middle English ground", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "grund"}, "expansion": "Old English grund", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*grunduz"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grunduz", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "grûn"}, "expansion": "West Frisian grûn", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "grond"}, "expansion": "Dutch grond", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Grund"}, "expansion": "German Grund", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʰrem-der.\nProto-Germanic *grunduz\nOld English grund\nMiddle English ground\nEnglish ground\nFrom Middle English ground, from Old English grund, from Proto-Germanic *grunduz. Cognate with West Frisian grûn, Dutch grond and German Grund.", "forms": [{"form": "grounds", "tags": ["plural"]}, {"form": "GND", "tags": ["alternative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "ground (countable and uncountable, plural grounds)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyponyms": [{"word": "break ground"}, {"word": "breeding ground"}, {"word": "burial ground"}, {"word": "campground"}, {"word": "camping ground"}, {"word": "common ground"}, {"word": "cricket ground"}, {"word": "cumber ground"}, {"word": "fairground"}, {"word": "gain ground"}, {"word": "give ground"}, {"word": "high ground"}, {"word": "home ground"}, {"word": "lose ground"}, {"word": "middle ground"}, {"word": "moral high ground"}, {"word": "neutral ground"}, {"word": "parade ground"}, {"word": "picnic ground"}, {"word": "pleasure ground"}, {"word": "proving ground"}, {"word": "school ground"}, {"word": "shooting ground"}, {"word": "showground"}, {"word": "singing ground"}, {"word": "solid ground"}, {"word": "sports ground"}, {"word": "stamping ground"}, {"word": "stomping ground"}, {"word": "teeing ground"}, {"word": "testing ground"}, {"word": "training ground"}, {"word": "vantage ground"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [{"word": "floor"}, {"word": "terra firma"}], "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Look, I found a ten dollar bill on the ground!", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXIII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:", "text": "If the afternoon was fine they strolled together in the park, very slowly, and with pauses to draw breath wherever the ground sloped upward. The slightest effort made the patient cough.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1977, Agatha Christie, chapter 4, in An Autobiography, part II, London: Collins, →ISBN:", "text": "Mind you, clothes were clothes in those days. […] Frills, ruffles, flounces, lace, complicated seams and gores: not only did they sweep the ground and have to be held up in one hand elegantly as you walked along, but they had little capes or coats or feather boas.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013 June 8, “The new masters and commanders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 52:", "text": "From the ground, Colombo’s port does not look like much. Those entering it are greeted by wire fences, walls dating back to colonial times and security posts.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The surface of the Earth, as opposed to the sky or water or underground."], "links": [["surface", "surface"], ["Earth", "Earth"], ["sky", "sky"], ["water", "water"], ["underground", "underground"]], "senseid": ["en:surface of the Earth"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English uncountable nouns"], "examples": [{"ref": "1971, “The development of terrain following radar: an account of the progress made with an airborne guidance system for low flying military aircraft”, in Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology:", "text": "As the terrain-following radar scans the ground ahead of the aircraft the actual clearance height is measured by the radio altimeter.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Terrain."], "links": [["Terrain", "terrain"]], "raw_glosses": ["(uncountable) Terrain."], "tags": ["uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The worm crawls through the ground.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Soil, earth."], "links": [["Soil", "soil"], ["earth", "earth"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English countable nouns"], "glosses": ["The bottom of a body of water."], "links": [["bottom", "bottom"], ["water", "water"]], "raw_glosses": ["(countable) The bottom of a body of water."], "tags": ["countable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1503–1512, John Skelton, Ware the Hauke; republished in John Scattergood, editor, John Skelton: The Complete English Poems, 1983, →OCLC, page 62, lines 11–14:", "text": "Wyth cry unreverent,\nBefore the sacrament,\nWythin the holy church bowndis,\nThat of our fayth the grownd is.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1840, Lewis Rose, chapter III, in An Humble Attempt to Put an End to the Present Divisions in the Church of Scotland, and to Promote Her Usefulness. […] , Glasgow: George Gallie, →OCLC, page 51:", "text": "[B]e the consequences what they may, they shall not move an inch, nor a hair's-breadth from the ground of their groundless spiritual independence, […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Basis, foundation, groundwork, legwork."], "links": [["Basis", "basis"], ["foundation", "foundation"], ["groundwork", "groundwork"], ["legwork", "legwork"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "You will need to show good grounds for your action.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He could not come on grounds of health, or on health grounds.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Reason, (epistemic) justification, cause."], "links": [["Reason", "reason#English"], ["epistemic", "epistemic"], ["justification", "justification#English"], ["cause", "cause#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(chiefly in the plural) Reason, (epistemic) justification, cause."], "tags": ["countable", "in-plural", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["Background, context, framework, surroundings."], "links": [["Background", "background"], ["context", "context"], ["framework", "framework"], ["surrounding", "surrounding"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with historical senses"], "glosses": ["The area on which a battle is fought, particularly as referring to the area occupied by one side or the other. Often, according to the eventualities, \"to give ground\" or \"to gain ground\"."], "raw_glosses": ["(historical) The area on which a battle is fought, particularly as referring to the area occupied by one side or the other. Often, according to the eventualities, \"to give ground\" or \"to gain ground\"."], "tags": ["countable", "historical", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["Advantage given or gained in any contest; e.g. in football, chess, debate or academic discourse."], "raw_glosses": ["(figurative, by extension) Advantage given or gained in any contest; e.g. in football, chess, debate or academic discourse."], "tags": ["broadly", "countable", "figuratively", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "a forest traditionally used as a hunting-ground", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1876, Parliamentary Papers, volume 14, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, page 147:", "text": "I gather from your last answer that at the present time the constabulary, to a certain extent, is good recruiting ground for the army?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A place suited to a specified activity."], "raw_glosses": ["(in combination) A place suited to a specified activity."], "tags": ["countable", "in-compounds", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "crimson flowers on a white ground", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1819, Abraham Rees, The Cyclopædia:", "text": "[…] to pad a piece in diluted acetate of alumine to obtain a pale lemon ground […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1941 December, “The Why and the Wherefore: Cornish names of G.W.R. locomotives”, in Railway Magazine, page 575:", "text": "One and All is the motto of the County of Cornwall, used below the coat-of-arms, which is a shield embracing fifteen bezants, or golden roundels, on a black ground; [...].", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The plain surface upon which the figures of an artistic composition are set."], "links": [["plain", "plain"], ["surface", "surface"], ["figure", "figure"], ["artistic", "artistic"], ["composition", "composition"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["en:Sculpture"], "glosses": ["A flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief."], "links": [["sculpture", "sculpture"]], "qualifier": "sculpture", "raw_glosses": ["(sculpture) A flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"examples": [{"text": "Brussels ground"}], "glosses": ["The net of small meshes upon which the embroidered pattern is applied."], "links": [["point lace", "point lace"]], "qualifier": "point lace", "raw_glosses": ["(point lace) The net of small meshes upon which the embroidered pattern is applied."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["A gummy substance spread over the surface of a metal to be etched, to prevent the acid from eating except where an opening is made by the needle."], "links": [["gummy", "gummy"]], "qualifier": "etching", "raw_glosses": ["(etching) A gummy substance spread over the surface of a metal to be etched, to prevent the acid from eating except where an opening is made by the needle."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Architecture"], "examples": [{"text": "Grounds are usually put up first and the plastering floated flush with them.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["One of the pieces of wood, flush with the plastering, to which mouldings etc. are attached."], "links": [["architecture", "architecture"], ["flush", "flush"], ["moulding", "moulding"]], "raw_glosses": ["(architecture, chiefly in the plural) One of the pieces of wood, flush with the plastering, to which mouldings etc. are attached."], "tags": ["countable", "in-plural", "uncountable"], "topics": ["architecture"]}, {"categories": ["British English", "English countable nouns", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Manchester United's ground is known as Old Trafford.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["A soccer stadium."], "links": [["soccer", "soccer"], ["stadium", "stadium"]], "raw_glosses": ["(countable, UK) A soccer stadium."], "tags": ["UK", "countable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Electricity"], "examples": [{"ref": "1961, “GROUND”, in The International Dictionary of Physics and Electronics, 2nd edition, Princeton, NJ: D. Van Nostrand, page 539:", "text": "А ground may be undesirable, inadvertent, or accidental path taken by an electrical current; or it may be the deliberate provision of conductors well connected to the ground by means of plates buried therein, or similar device.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["An electrical conductor connected to the earth, or a large conductor whose electrical potential is taken as zero (such as a steel chassis)."], "links": [["electricity", "electricity"], ["conductor", "conductor#English"], ["potential", "potential#English"], ["zero", "zero#English"], ["steel", "steel#English"], ["chassis", "chassis#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(electricity) An electrical conductor connected to the earth, or a large conductor whose electrical potential is taken as zero (such as a steel chassis)."], "senseid": ["en:Q6501125"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["business", "electrical-engineering", "electricity", "electromagnetism", "energy", "engineering", "natural-sciences", "physical-sciences", "physics"], "wikidata": ["Q6501125"]}, {"categories": ["Philippine English", "en:Electricity"], "glosses": ["Electric shock."], "links": [["electricity", "electricity"], ["Electric shock", "electric shock"]], "raw_glosses": ["(electricity, Philippines) Electric shock."], "tags": ["Philippines", "countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["business", "electrical-engineering", "electricity", "electromagnetism", "energy", "engineering", "natural-sciences", "physical-sciences", "physics"]}, {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "en:Cricket"], "glosses": ["The area of grass on which a match is played (a cricket field); the entire arena in which it is played; the part of the field behind a batsman's popping crease where he can not be run out (hence to make one's ground)."], "links": [["cricket", "cricket"], ["area", "area"], ["grass", "grass"], ["match", "match"], ["played", "played"], ["field", "field"], ["arena", "arena"], ["batsman", "batsman"], ["popping crease", "popping crease"], ["run out", "run out"]], "raw_glosses": ["(countable, cricket) The area of grass on which a match is played (a cricket field); the entire arena in which it is played; the part of the field behind a batsman's popping crease where he can not be run out (hence to make one's ground)."], "tags": ["countable"], "topics": ["ball-games", "cricket", "games", "hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"categories": ["en:Music"], "glosses": ["A composition in which the bass, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a varying melody."], "links": [["music", "music"]], "raw_glosses": ["(music) A composition in which the bass, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a varying melody."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["entertainment", "lifestyle", "music"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Music"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene vii]:", "text": "Buck[ingham] The Mayor is here at hand; pretend ſome fear, // Be not you ſpoke with, but by mighty ſuit; // And look you get a prayer-book in your hand, // And ſtand between two churchmen, good my lord, // For on that ground I’ll build a holy deſcant: // And be not eaſily won to our requeſts: // Play the maid’s part, ſtill anſwer nay, and take it.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song."], "links": [["music", "music"], ["descant", "descant"]], "raw_glosses": ["(music) The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["entertainment", "lifestyle", "music"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1614 November 10 (first performance; Gregorian calendar), Beniamin Iohnson [i.e., Ben Jonson], Bartholmew Fayre: A Comedie, […], London: […] I[ohn] B[eale] for Robert Allot, […], published 1631, →OCLC, (please specify the page):", "text": "the understanding gentlemen o' the ground here ask'd my judgment", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The pit of a theatre."], "links": [["pit", "pit"], ["theatre", "theatre"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations", "Indian English", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1885, Manual of the Administration of the Madras Presidency, page 515:", "text": "It is sub-divided into annas (or 16ths), of 3,600 square feet each; or when the land is for building purposes, into grounds (munnies) of 1/24 of a cawny each, as in the town of Madras.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Synonym of munny (“land measure”)"], "links": [["munny", "munny#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(India, obsolete) Synonym of munny (“land measure”)"], "synonyms": [{"extra": "land measure", "tags": ["synonym", "synonym-of"], "word": "munny"}], "tags": ["India", "countable", "obsolete", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ɡɹaʊnd/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-us-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg/En-us-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-au-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg/En-au-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-aʊnd"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["British"], "topics": ["electricity", "electrical-engineering", "electromagnetism", "energy", "business", "physics", "physical-sciences", "natural-sciences", "engineering"], "word": "earth"}], "translations": [{"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "faqja"}, {"code": "apw", "lang": "Western Apache", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "niʼ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔarḍ", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "أَرْض"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "getin", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "գետին"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "yer"}, {"code": "bal", "lang": "Baluchi", "roman": "zamín", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "زمین"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zjamljá", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "зямля́"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "hrunt", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "грунт"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zemjá", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земя́"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "terra"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sòl"}, {"code": "ccc", "lang": "Chamicuro", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "c̈hijta"}, {"code": "ce", "lang": "Chechen", "roman": "latta", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "латта"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "di", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "ди"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dì", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "地"}, {"code": "cop", "lang": "Coptic", "roman": "iten", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ⲓⲧⲉⲛ"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "země"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "grond"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bodem"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "tero"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "tꜣ", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "tA:N23*Z1"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "maanpinta"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "maa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sol"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terre"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "mic̣a", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "მიწა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "xmeleti", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ხმელეთი"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Erde"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Erdboden"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Land"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Grund"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Boden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "édafos", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "έδαφος"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "édaphos", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "ἔδαφος"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "קרקע"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "karká", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "קַרְקַע"}, {"code": "mba", "lang": "Higaonon", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "bugta"}, {"code": "hil", "lang": "Hiligaynon", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "duta"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "zamīn", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ज़मीन"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "bhūtal", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "भूतल"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "föld"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "talamh"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "suolo"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "superficie"}, {"alt": "ち", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "chi", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "地"}, {"alt": "つち", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "tsuchi", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "土"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["informal"], "word": "lemah"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["krama"], "word": "siti"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "dəy", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ដី"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ttang", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "땅"}, {"code": "ky", "lang": "Kyrgyz", "roman": "jer", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "жер"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "din", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ດິນ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "solum"}, {"code": "khb", "lang": "Lü", "roman": "ḋiin", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ᦡᦲᧃ"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "zemja", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земја"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "na", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ᠨᠠ"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "falan", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ᡶᠠᠯᠠᠨ"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "niʼ"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "bakke"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "aki"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ᐊᑭ"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "eorþe"}, {"code": "goh", "lang": "Old High German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "grunt"}, {"code": "roa-opt", "lang": "Old Portuguese", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "chão"}, {"code": "om", "lang": "Oromo", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "dachee"}, {"code": "om", "lang": "Oromo", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "lafa"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "zamin", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "زَمین"}, {"code": "pdt", "lang": "Plautdietsch", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Grunt"}, {"code": "pdt", "lang": "Plautdietsch", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Ieed"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ziemia"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "grunt"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "solo"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "chão"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "sol"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter", "plural"], "word": "pământ"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zemljá", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земля́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "grunt", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "грунт"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "bhūtala", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "भूतल"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "feminine"], "word": "зѐмља"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["Roman", "feminine"], "word": "zèmlja"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "solu"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "zem"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "zemlja"}, {"code": "alt", "lang": "Southern Altai", "roman": "ǰer", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "јер"}, {"code": "alt", "lang": "Southern Altai", "roman": "tobrak", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "тобрак"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "suelo"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tierra"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "huello"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "backe"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "mark"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "lupa"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "zamin", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "замин"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "din", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ดิน"}, {"code": "xto", "lang": "Tocharian A", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "tkaṃ"}, {"code": "txb", "lang": "Tocharian B", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "keṃ"}, {"code": "uga", "lang": "Ugaritic", "roman": "ảrṣ", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "𐎀𐎗𐎕"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zemljá", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земля́"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "grunt", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ґрунт"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "zamīn", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "زَمِین"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bhūtal", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "بُھوتَل"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "grûn"}, {"code": "wyi", "lang": "Woiwurrung", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "biik"}, {"code": "yxg", "lang": "Yagara", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "dhagun"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "dhe"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "toka"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔarḍ", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "أَرْض"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "hoġ", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "հող"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "pimintu"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "torpaq"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zjamljá", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "зямля́"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zemjá", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земя́"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "mre", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "မြေ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "tǔ", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "土"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dì", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "地"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "tǔrǎng", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "土壤"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tara"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tiara"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "grond"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "aarde"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "maaperä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "maa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terre"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tiere"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "chan"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "niadagi", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "ნიადაგი"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "mic̣a", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "მიწა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Erde"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Boden"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Erdreich"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "édafos", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "έδαφος"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "édaphos", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "ἔδαφος"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "gê", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "γῆ"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "khthṓn", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "χθών"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "tè"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "zamīn", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ज़मीन"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "föld"}, {"code": "hu", "english": "soil", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "talaj"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "tanah"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "gruntti"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "maa"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "talamh"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"alt": "つち", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "tsuchi", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "土"}, {"alt": "ち", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "chi", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "地"}, {"alt": "どじょう", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dojō", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "土壌"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["informal"], "word": "lemah"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["krama"], "word": "siti"}, {"code": "kea", "lang": "Kabuverdianu", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "txon"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "dəy", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "ដី"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ttang", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "땅"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "heuk", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "흙"}, {"alt": "土壤", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "toyang", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "토양"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "din", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "ດິນ"}, {"code": "lmo", "lang": "Lombard", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tera"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "zémja", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "зе́мја"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "art"}, {"code": "mhr", "lang": "Eastern Mari", "roman": "avarok", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "аварок"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tèrra"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "eorþe"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "zamin", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "زَمین"}, {"code": "pdt", "lang": "Plautdietsch", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Ieed"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ziemia"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "gleba"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "solo"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "pământ"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zemljá", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земля́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "póčva", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "по́чва"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "grunt", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "грунт"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "talamh"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ùir"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zem"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pôda"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tierra"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "jord"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "mark"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "din", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "ดิน"}, {"code": "xto", "lang": "Tocharian A", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "tkaṃ"}, {"code": "txb", "lang": "Tocharian B", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "keṃ"}, {"code": "uga", "lang": "Ugaritic", "roman": "ảrṣ", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "𐎀𐎗𐎕"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "zamīn", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "زَمِین"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "hatak", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "հատակ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "dib"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "dno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дно"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "dǎ́no", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дъ́но"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fons"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǐbù", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "底部"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǐ", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "底"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "dno"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "bodem"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "pohja"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "as navigational hazard", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "kari"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fond"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Grund"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "vythós", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "βυθός"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "fenék"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "note": "of a sea", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "tengerfenék"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "talamh"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fondo"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "badak", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "바닥"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "dno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дно"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "dŭno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "neuter"], "word": "дъно"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "dŭno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дъно"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "dno"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "grunt"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fundo"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "dno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дно"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "neuter"], "word": "дно̏"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["Roman", "neuter"], "word": "dnȍ"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "dno"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "dno"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fondo"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дно"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "himkʻ", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "հիմք"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "əsas"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "osnóva", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "осно́ва"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "báza", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ба́за"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "základ"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ondergrond"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "perustus"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "perusta"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "base"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "fondation"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Grundfeste"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "édafos", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "έδαφος"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "alap"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "base"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "fondamenta"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "batang", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "바탕"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "podstawa"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "baza"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fundamento"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "osnóva", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "осно́ва"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "báza", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ба́за"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "základ"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fondo"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fundamento"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "base"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "reason, justification, cause.", "word": "syy"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "reason, justification, cause.", "word": "peruste"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "fon"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "zəmin"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "fon", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "фон"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "achtergrond"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["plural"], "word": "puitteet"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["singular"], "word": "kehys"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["singular"], "word": "runko"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "ympäristö"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Hintergrund"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "alap"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "háttér"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bonn"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "dintorni"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "batang", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "바탕"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "teduri", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "테두리"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "refers to a site or campus or surrounds", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "papa whenua"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "fon", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "фон"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "fondo"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "bakgrund"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "historical: area on which a battle is fought", "word": "taistelukenttä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "advantage given or gained in any contest", "word": "syy"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "place suited to a specified activity", "word": "maaasto"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "place suited to a specified activity", "word": "maa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "plain surface upon which the figures of an artistic composition are set", "word": "tausta"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "sculpture: flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief", "word": "tausta"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "etching: gummy substance spread over the surface of a metal to be etched", "word": "maski"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "malʕab kurat qadam", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "مَلْعَب كُرَة قَدَم"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "terén", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "тере́н"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "camp"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "football stadium", "word": "jalkapallostadion"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "terrain de football"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "terrain"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "football stadium", "word": "pálya"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "football stadium", "word": "futballpálya"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "páirc"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "campo"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "campo"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "póle", "sense": "football stadium", "word": "по́ле"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "campo de futbol"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "torpaqalama"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "torpağa birşəldirilmə"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "yerlə birləşdirmə"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zazemjávane", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "заземя́ване"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "punt de terra"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "jiēdì", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "接地"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dìxiàn", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "地線 /地线"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "jiēdìxiàn", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "接地線 /接地线"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "aarding"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "maajohdin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "maa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terre"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "masse"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Erde"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Masseleitung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "Masseverbindung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "Erdung"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "geíosi", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "γείωση"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "földelés"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "sreang thalmhaithe"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "massa"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"alt": "せっち", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "setchi", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "接地"}, {"alt": "ちせん", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "chisen", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "地線"}, {"alt": "接地", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeopji", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "접지"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "eo'eodeu", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "어어드"}, {"alt": "接地線", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeopjiseon", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "접지선"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "uziemienie"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aterramento"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "împământare"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zazemlénije", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "заземле́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zemljá", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["colloquial", "feminine"], "word": "земля́"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "polo a tierra"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "toma de tierra"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "jord"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "jordledare"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "sayad"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "pit of a theatre", "word": "permanto"}], "wikipedia": ["ground"], "word": "ground"}
1: ground/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with etymology trees", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular past participles", "English irregular simple past forms", "English lemmas", "English non-lemma forms", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰrem-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English uncountable nouns", "English verb forms", "English verbs", "Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa", "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)", "Entries with 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translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Baluchi translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Coptic translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Mari translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Higaonon translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Kabuverdianu translations", "Terms with Kalmyk translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Lü translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Galician-Portuguese translations", "Terms with Old High German translations", "Terms with Oromo translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Southern Altai translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tocharian A translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yagara translations", "enm:Earth"], "derived": [{"word": "above ground"}, {"word": "aboveground"}, {"word": "above-ground"}, {"word": "absorbent ground"}, {"word": "aground"}, {"word": "air-to-ground"}, {"word": "archery ground"}, {"word": "background"}, {"word": "barren-ground caribou"}, {"word": "Battle Ground"}, {"word": "battleground"}, {"word": "battle ground"}, {"word": "belowground"}, {"word": "best on ground"}, {"word": "bootleg ground"}, {"word": "boots on the ground"}, {"word": "bora ground"}, {"word": "break new ground"}, {"word": "bring to ground"}, {"word": "Brussels ground"}, {"word": "Brussels wire ground"}, {"word": "burying ground"}, {"word": "cover ground"}, {"word": "cumberground"}, {"word": "cumber-ground"}, {"word": "cumber ground"}, {"word": "cut the ground from under someone's feet"}, {"word": "dead ground"}, {"word": "drill ground"}, {"word": "drive into the ground"}, {"word": "drive something into the ground"}, {"word": "dumping ground"}, {"word": "ear to the ground"}, {"word": "eyes on the ground"}, {"word": "facts on the ground"}, {"word": "fall on stony ground"}, {"word": "fall to the ground"}, {"word": "feet on the ground"}, {"word": "figure and ground"}, {"word": "fishing ground"}, {"word": "floating ground"}, {"word": "foreground"}, {"word": "the ground up"}, {"word": "gain-ground"}, {"word": "get off the ground"}, {"word": "gill-go-by-the-ground"}, {"word": "gill-over-the-ground"}, {"word": "go to ground"}, {"word": "ground and pound"}, {"word": "ground angling"}, {"word": "ground bailiff"}, {"word": "groundbait"}, {"word": "ground ball"}, {"word": "ground bar"}, {"word": "ground bass"}, {"word": "ground beetle"}, {"word": "ground berry"}, {"word": "ground blizzard"}, {"word": "ground breaker"}, {"word": "ground-breaking"}, {"word": "ground cable"}, {"word": "ground cedar"}, {"word": "ground cherry"}, {"word": "ground clearance"}, {"word": "ground cloth"}, {"word": "ground clutter"}, {"word": "ground control"}, {"word": "ground control point"}, {"word": "ground cover"}, {"word": "ground crew"}, {"word": "groundcrew"}, {"word": "ground cruncher"}, {"word": "ground cuckoo"}, {"taxonomic": "Santolina chamaecyparissus", "word": "ground cypress"}, {"word": "ground dove"}, {"word": "ground effect"}, {"word": "ground elder"}, {"word": "ground failure"}, {"word": "ground fault"}, {"word": "ground finch"}, {"word": "ground fir"}, {"word": "ground fire"}, {"word": "ground fish"}, {"word": "ground floor"}, {"word": "ground-floor"}, {"word": "ground fog"}, {"word": "ground food"}, {"word": "ground forces"}, {"word": "ground frame"}, {"word": "ground frost"}, {"word": "ground game"}, {"word": "ground-glass"}, {"word": "ground hemlock"}, {"word": "ground hog"}, {"word": "groundhog"}, {"word": "ground-hog"}, {"word": "ground hornbill"}, {"word": "ground ice"}, {"word": "ground itch"}, {"word": "ground ivy"}, {"word": "ground-ivy"}, {"word": "ground lamella"}, {"word": "ground laurel"}, {"word": "groundless"}, {"word": "ground level"}, {"word": "groundling"}, {"word": "ground loop"}, {"word": "groundly"}, {"word": "ground-man"}, {"word": "ground man"}, {"word": "ground meristem"}, {"word": "ground mist"}, {"word": "ground-mist"}, {"word": "ground moraine"}, {"word": "ground noise"}, {"word": "ground out"}, {"word": "ground pangolin"}, {"word": "ground pea"}, {"word": "ground pear"}, {"word": "ground pine"}, {"word": "ground plane"}, {"word": "ground plan"}, {"word": "ground-plan"}, {"word": "ground plate"}, {"word": "ground plum"}, {"word": "ground pounder"}, {"word": "ground power"}, {"word": "ground provisions"}, {"word": "ground proximity warning system"}, {"word": "ground rattlesnake"}, {"word": "ground rent"}, {"word": "ground robin"}, {"word": "ground roller"}, {"word": "ground row"}, {"word": "ground rule"}, {"word": "ground-rule"}, {"word": "ground sense"}, {"word": "ground set"}, {"word": "ground-shaker"}, {"word": "ground shark"}, {"word": "ground signal"}, {"word": "ground sloth"}, {"word": "groundsman"}, {"word": "ground snake"}, {"word": "ground speed"}, {"word": "ground spider"}, {"word": "ground squirrel"}, {"word": "ground staff"}, {"word": "ground state"}, {"word": "ground station"}, {"word": "ground stop"}, {"word": "ground-stroke"}, {"word": "ground stroke"}, {"word": "ground substance"}, {"word": "ground swell"}, {"word": "ground tackle"}, {"word": "ground tissue"}, {"word": "ground-to-air"}, {"word": "ground-to-ground"}, {"word": "ground-to-ship"}, {"word": "ground troops"}, {"word": "ground truth"}, {"word": "ground truthing"}, {"word": "ground tyrant"}, {"word": "ground wallah"}, {"word": "ground water"}, {"word": "ground wave"}, {"word": "ground wire"}, {"word": "ground-work"}, {"word": "groundwork"}, {"word": "ground-zero"}, {"word": "ground zero"}, {"word": "happy hunting ground"}, {"word": "hit the ground running"}, {"word": "hold one's ground"}, {"word": "honeycomb ground"}, {"word": "hunting ground"}, {"word": "in the ground"}, {"word": "kiss the ground someone walks on"}, {"word": "know one's ass from a hole in the ground"}, {"word": "know one's head from a hole in the ground"}, {"word": "know someone from a hole in the ground"}, {"word": "know the difference between one's ass and a hole in the ground"}, {"word": "level to the ground"}, {"word": "lost ground"}, {"word": "make ground"}, {"word": "middle-ground"}, {"word": "moral low ground"}, {"word": "native ground"}, {"word": "nuisance ground"}, {"word": "off the ground"}, {"word": "on familiar ground"}, {"word": "on one's own ground"}, {"word": "on shaky ground"}, {"word": "on solid ground"}, {"word": "on the ground"}, {"word": "open ground"}, {"word": "out ground"}, {"word": "overground"}, {"word": "Overground"}, {"word": "prepare the ground"}, {"word": "put facts on the ground"}, {"word": "put in the ground"}, {"word": "recreation ground"}, {"word": "rooted to the ground"}, {"word": "ruddy ground dove"}, {"word": "rufous-vented ground-cuckoo"}, {"word": "run into the ground"}, {"word": "run to ground"}, {"word": "run to the ground"}, {"word": "Saint Croix ground lizard"}, {"word": "schoolground"}, {"word": "sea-ground"}, {"word": "shift ground"}, {"word": "shift one's ground"}, {"word": "ship-to-ground"}, {"word": "Skinner's ground mantis"}, {"word": "soften the ground"}, {"word": "soften up the ground"}, {"word": "spawning ground"}, {"word": "standing ground"}, {"word": "stand one's ground"}, {"word": "stand-your-ground law"}, {"word": "suit down to the ground"}, {"word": "tactile ground surface indicator"}, {"word": "thick on the ground"}, {"word": "thin on the ground"}, {"word": "Tom Tidler's ground"}, {"word": "Tommy Tiddler's ground"}, {"word": "underground"}, {"word": "Underground"}, {"word": "work into the ground"}, {"word": "worship the ground someone walks on"}, {"english": "ground", "urls": ["https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Category:%7B%7Blangname%7Cen%7D%7D+lemmas&from=ground#mw-pages"], "word": "English terms starting with"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "inh", "3": "enm>ground>surface", "id": "earth", "tree": "1"}, "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʰrem-der.\nProto-Germanic *grunduz\nOld English grund\nMiddle English ground\nEnglish ground", "name": "etymon"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "ground"}, "expansion": "Middle English ground", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "grund"}, "expansion": "Old English grund", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*grunduz"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grunduz", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "grûn"}, "expansion": "West Frisian grûn", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "grond"}, "expansion": "Dutch grond", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Grund"}, "expansion": "German Grund", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʰrem-der.\nProto-Germanic *grunduz\nOld English grund\nMiddle English ground\nEnglish ground\nFrom Middle English ground, from Old English grund, from Proto-Germanic *grunduz. Cognate with West Frisian grûn, Dutch grond and German Grund.", "forms": [{"form": "grounds", "tags": ["plural"]}, {"form": "GND", "tags": ["alternative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "ground (countable and uncountable, plural grounds)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyponyms": [{"word": "break ground"}, {"word": "breeding ground"}, {"word": "burial ground"}, {"word": "campground"}, {"word": "camping ground"}, {"word": "common ground"}, {"word": "cricket ground"}, {"word": "cumber ground"}, {"word": "fairground"}, {"word": "gain ground"}, {"word": "give ground"}, {"word": "high ground"}, {"word": "home ground"}, {"word": "lose ground"}, {"word": "middle ground"}, {"word": "moral high ground"}, {"word": "neutral ground"}, {"word": "parade ground"}, {"word": "picnic ground"}, {"word": "pleasure ground"}, {"word": "proving ground"}, {"word": "school ground"}, {"word": "shooting ground"}, {"word": "showground"}, {"word": "singing ground"}, {"word": "solid ground"}, {"word": "sports ground"}, {"word": "stamping ground"}, {"word": "stomping ground"}, {"word": "teeing ground"}, {"word": "testing ground"}, {"word": "training ground"}, {"word": "vantage ground"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [{"word": "floor"}, {"word": "terra firma"}], "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Look, I found a ten dollar bill on the ground!", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXIII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:", "text": "If the afternoon was fine they strolled together in the park, very slowly, and with pauses to draw breath wherever the ground sloped upward. The slightest effort made the patient cough.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1977, Agatha Christie, chapter 4, in An Autobiography, part II, London: Collins, →ISBN:", "text": "Mind you, clothes were clothes in those days. […] Frills, ruffles, flounces, lace, complicated seams and gores: not only did they sweep the ground and have to be held up in one hand elegantly as you walked along, but they had little capes or coats or feather boas.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013 June 8, “The new masters and commanders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 52:", "text": "From the ground, Colombo’s port does not look like much. Those entering it are greeted by wire fences, walls dating back to colonial times and security posts.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The surface of the Earth, as opposed to the sky or water or underground."], "links": [["surface", "surface"], ["Earth", "Earth"], ["sky", "sky"], ["water", "water"], ["underground", "underground"]], "senseid": ["en:surface of the Earth"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English uncountable nouns"], "examples": [{"ref": "1971, “The development of terrain following radar: an account of the progress made with an airborne guidance system for low flying military aircraft”, in Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology:", "text": "As the terrain-following radar scans the ground ahead of the aircraft the actual clearance height is measured by the radio altimeter.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Terrain."], "links": [["Terrain", "terrain"]], "raw_glosses": ["(uncountable) Terrain."], "tags": ["uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The worm crawls through the ground.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Soil, earth."], "links": [["Soil", "soil"], ["earth", "earth"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English countable nouns"], "glosses": ["The bottom of a body of water."], "links": [["bottom", "bottom"], ["water", "water"]], "raw_glosses": ["(countable) The bottom of a body of water."], "tags": ["countable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1503–1512, John Skelton, Ware the Hauke; republished in John Scattergood, editor, John Skelton: The Complete English Poems, 1983, →OCLC, page 62, lines 11–14:", "text": "Wyth cry unreverent,\nBefore the sacrament,\nWythin the holy church bowndis,\nThat of our fayth the grownd is.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1840, Lewis Rose, chapter III, in An Humble Attempt to Put an End to the Present Divisions in the Church of Scotland, and to Promote Her Usefulness. […] , Glasgow: George Gallie, →OCLC, page 51:", "text": "[B]e the consequences what they may, they shall not move an inch, nor a hair's-breadth from the ground of their groundless spiritual independence, […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Basis, foundation, groundwork, legwork."], "links": [["Basis", "basis"], ["foundation", "foundation"], ["groundwork", "groundwork"], ["legwork", "legwork"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "You will need to show good grounds for your action.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He could not come on grounds of health, or on health grounds.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Reason, (epistemic) justification, cause."], "links": [["Reason", "reason#English"], ["epistemic", "epistemic"], ["justification", "justification#English"], ["cause", "cause#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(chiefly in the plural) Reason, (epistemic) justification, cause."], "tags": ["countable", "in-plural", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["Background, context, framework, surroundings."], "links": [["Background", "background"], ["context", "context"], ["framework", "framework"], ["surrounding", "surrounding"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with historical senses"], "glosses": ["The area on which a battle is fought, particularly as referring to the area occupied by one side or the other. Often, according to the eventualities, \"to give ground\" or \"to gain ground\"."], "raw_glosses": ["(historical) The area on which a battle is fought, particularly as referring to the area occupied by one side or the other. Often, according to the eventualities, \"to give ground\" or \"to gain ground\"."], "tags": ["countable", "historical", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["Advantage given or gained in any contest; e.g. in football, chess, debate or academic discourse."], "raw_glosses": ["(figurative, by extension) Advantage given or gained in any contest; e.g. in football, chess, debate or academic discourse."], "tags": ["broadly", "countable", "figuratively", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "a forest traditionally used as a hunting-ground", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1876, Parliamentary Papers, volume 14, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, page 147:", "text": "I gather from your last answer that at the present time the constabulary, to a certain extent, is good recruiting ground for the army?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A place suited to a specified activity."], "raw_glosses": ["(in combination) A place suited to a specified activity."], "tags": ["countable", "in-compounds", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "crimson flowers on a white ground", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1819, Abraham Rees, The Cyclopædia:", "text": "[…] to pad a piece in diluted acetate of alumine to obtain a pale lemon ground […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1941 December, “The Why and the Wherefore: Cornish names of G.W.R. locomotives”, in Railway Magazine, page 575:", "text": "One and All is the motto of the County of Cornwall, used below the coat-of-arms, which is a shield embracing fifteen bezants, or golden roundels, on a black ground; [...].", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The plain surface upon which the figures of an artistic composition are set."], "links": [["plain", "plain"], ["surface", "surface"], ["figure", "figure"], ["artistic", "artistic"], ["composition", "composition"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["en:Sculpture"], "glosses": ["A flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief."], "links": [["sculpture", "sculpture"]], "qualifier": "sculpture", "raw_glosses": ["(sculpture) A flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"examples": [{"text": "Brussels ground"}], "glosses": ["The net of small meshes upon which the embroidered pattern is applied."], "links": [["point lace", "point lace"]], "qualifier": "point lace", "raw_glosses": ["(point lace) The net of small meshes upon which the embroidered pattern is applied."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["A gummy substance spread over the surface of a metal to be etched, to prevent the acid from eating except where an opening is made by the needle."], "links": [["gummy", "gummy"]], "qualifier": "etching", "raw_glosses": ["(etching) A gummy substance spread over the surface of a metal to be etched, to prevent the acid from eating except where an opening is made by the needle."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Architecture"], "examples": [{"text": "Grounds are usually put up first and the plastering floated flush with them.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["One of the pieces of wood, flush with the plastering, to which mouldings etc. are attached."], "links": [["architecture", "architecture"], ["flush", "flush"], ["moulding", "moulding"]], "raw_glosses": ["(architecture, chiefly in the plural) One of the pieces of wood, flush with the plastering, to which mouldings etc. are attached."], "tags": ["countable", "in-plural", "uncountable"], "topics": ["architecture"]}, {"categories": ["British English", "English countable nouns", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Manchester United's ground is known as Old Trafford.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["A soccer stadium."], "links": [["soccer", "soccer"], ["stadium", "stadium"]], "raw_glosses": ["(countable, UK) A soccer stadium."], "tags": ["UK", "countable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Electricity"], "examples": [{"ref": "1961, “GROUND”, in The International Dictionary of Physics and Electronics, 2nd edition, Princeton, NJ: D. Van Nostrand, page 539:", "text": "А ground may be undesirable, inadvertent, or accidental path taken by an electrical current; or it may be the deliberate provision of conductors well connected to the ground by means of plates buried therein, or similar device.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["An electrical conductor connected to the earth, or a large conductor whose electrical potential is taken as zero (such as a steel chassis)."], "links": [["electricity", "electricity"], ["conductor", "conductor#English"], ["potential", "potential#English"], ["zero", "zero#English"], ["steel", "steel#English"], ["chassis", "chassis#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(electricity) An electrical conductor connected to the earth, or a large conductor whose electrical potential is taken as zero (such as a steel chassis)."], "senseid": ["en:Q6501125"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["business", "electrical-engineering", "electricity", "electromagnetism", "energy", "engineering", "natural-sciences", "physical-sciences", "physics"], "wikidata": ["Q6501125"]}, {"categories": ["Philippine English", "en:Electricity"], "glosses": ["Electric shock."], "links": [["electricity", "electricity"], ["Electric shock", "electric shock"]], "raw_glosses": ["(electricity, Philippines) Electric shock."], "tags": ["Philippines", "countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["business", "electrical-engineering", "electricity", "electromagnetism", "energy", "engineering", "natural-sciences", "physical-sciences", "physics"]}, {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "en:Cricket"], "glosses": ["The area of grass on which a match is played (a cricket field); the entire arena in which it is played; the part of the field behind a batsman's popping crease where he can not be run out (hence to make one's ground)."], "links": [["cricket", "cricket"], ["area", "area"], ["grass", "grass"], ["match", "match"], ["played", "played"], ["field", "field"], ["arena", "arena"], ["batsman", "batsman"], ["popping crease", "popping crease"], ["run out", "run out"]], "raw_glosses": ["(countable, cricket) The area of grass on which a match is played (a cricket field); the entire arena in which it is played; the part of the field behind a batsman's popping crease where he can not be run out (hence to make one's ground)."], "tags": ["countable"], "topics": ["ball-games", "cricket", "games", "hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"categories": ["en:Music"], "glosses": ["A composition in which the bass, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a varying melody."], "links": [["music", "music"]], "raw_glosses": ["(music) A composition in which the bass, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a varying melody."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["entertainment", "lifestyle", "music"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Music"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene vii]:", "text": "Buck[ingham] The Mayor is here at hand; pretend ſome fear, // Be not you ſpoke with, but by mighty ſuit; // And look you get a prayer-book in your hand, // And ſtand between two churchmen, good my lord, // For on that ground I’ll build a holy deſcant: // And be not eaſily won to our requeſts: // Play the maid’s part, ſtill anſwer nay, and take it.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song."], "links": [["music", "music"], ["descant", "descant"]], "raw_glosses": ["(music) The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["entertainment", "lifestyle", "music"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1614 November 10 (first performance; Gregorian calendar), Beniamin Iohnson [i.e., Ben Jonson], Bartholmew Fayre: A Comedie, […], London: […] I[ohn] B[eale] for Robert Allot, […], published 1631, →OCLC, (please specify the page):", "text": "the understanding gentlemen o' the ground here ask'd my judgment", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The pit of a theatre."], "links": [["pit", "pit"], ["theatre", "theatre"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations", "Indian English", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1885, Manual of the Administration of the Madras Presidency, page 515:", "text": "It is sub-divided into annas (or 16ths), of 3,600 square feet each; or when the land is for building purposes, into grounds (munnies) of 1/24 of a cawny each, as in the town of Madras.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Synonym of munny (“land measure”)"], "links": [["munny", "munny#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(India, obsolete) Synonym of munny (“land measure”)"], "synonyms": [{"extra": "land measure", "tags": ["synonym", "synonym-of"], "word": "munny"}], "tags": ["India", "countable", "obsolete", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ɡɹaʊnd/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-us-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg/En-us-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-au-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg/En-au-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-aʊnd"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["British"], "topics": ["electricity", "electrical-engineering", "electromagnetism", "energy", "business", "physics", "physical-sciences", "natural-sciences", "engineering"], "word": "earth"}], "translations": [{"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "faqja"}, {"code": "apw", "lang": "Western Apache", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "niʼ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔarḍ", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "أَرْض"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "getin", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "գետին"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "yer"}, {"code": "bal", "lang": "Baluchi", "roman": "zamín", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "زمین"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zjamljá", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "зямля́"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "hrunt", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "грунт"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zemjá", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земя́"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "terra"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sòl"}, {"code": "ccc", "lang": "Chamicuro", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "c̈hijta"}, {"code": "ce", "lang": "Chechen", "roman": "latta", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "латта"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "di", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "ди"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dì", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "地"}, {"code": "cop", "lang": "Coptic", "roman": "iten", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ⲓⲧⲉⲛ"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "země"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "grond"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bodem"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "tero"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "tꜣ", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "tA:N23*Z1"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "maanpinta"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "maa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sol"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terre"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "mic̣a", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "მიწა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "xmeleti", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ხმელეთი"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Erde"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Erdboden"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Land"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Grund"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Boden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "édafos", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "έδαφος"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "édaphos", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "ἔδαφος"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "קרקע"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "karká", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "קַרְקַע"}, {"code": "mba", "lang": "Higaonon", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "bugta"}, {"code": "hil", "lang": "Hiligaynon", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "duta"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "zamīn", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ज़मीन"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "bhūtal", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "भूतल"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "föld"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "talamh"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "suolo"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "superficie"}, {"alt": "ち", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "chi", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "地"}, {"alt": "つち", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "tsuchi", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "土"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["informal"], "word": "lemah"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["krama"], "word": "siti"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "dəy", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ដី"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ttang", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "땅"}, {"code": "ky", "lang": "Kyrgyz", "roman": "jer", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "жер"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "din", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ດິນ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "solum"}, {"code": "khb", "lang": "Lü", "roman": "ḋiin", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ᦡᦲᧃ"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "zemja", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земја"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "na", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ᠨᠠ"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "falan", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ᡶᠠᠯᠠᠨ"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "niʼ"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "bakke"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "aki"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ᐊᑭ"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "eorþe"}, {"code": "goh", "lang": "Old High German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "grunt"}, {"code": "roa-opt", "lang": "Old Portuguese", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "chão"}, {"code": "om", "lang": "Oromo", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "dachee"}, {"code": "om", "lang": "Oromo", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "lafa"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "zamin", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "زَمین"}, {"code": "pdt", "lang": "Plautdietsch", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Grunt"}, {"code": "pdt", "lang": "Plautdietsch", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Ieed"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ziemia"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "grunt"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "solo"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "chão"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "sol"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter", "plural"], "word": "pământ"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zemljá", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земля́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "grunt", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "грунт"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "bhūtala", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "भूतल"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "feminine"], "word": "зѐмља"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["Roman", "feminine"], "word": "zèmlja"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "solu"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "zem"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "zemlja"}, {"code": "alt", "lang": "Southern Altai", "roman": "ǰer", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "јер"}, {"code": "alt", "lang": "Southern Altai", "roman": "tobrak", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "тобрак"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "suelo"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tierra"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "huello"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "backe"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "mark"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "lupa"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "zamin", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "замин"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "din", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ดิน"}, {"code": "xto", "lang": "Tocharian A", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "tkaṃ"}, {"code": "txb", "lang": "Tocharian B", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "keṃ"}, {"code": "uga", "lang": "Ugaritic", "roman": "ảrṣ", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "𐎀𐎗𐎕"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zemljá", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земля́"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "grunt", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ґрунт"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "zamīn", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "زَمِین"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bhūtal", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "بُھوتَل"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "grûn"}, {"code": "wyi", "lang": "Woiwurrung", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "biik"}, {"code": "yxg", "lang": "Yagara", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "dhagun"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "dhe"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "toka"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔarḍ", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "أَرْض"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "hoġ", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "հող"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "pimintu"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "torpaq"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zjamljá", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "зямля́"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zemjá", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земя́"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "mre", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "မြေ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "tǔ", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "土"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dì", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "地"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "tǔrǎng", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "土壤"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tara"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tiara"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "grond"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "aarde"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "maaperä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "maa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terre"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tiere"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "chan"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "niadagi", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "ნიადაგი"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "mic̣a", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "მიწა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Erde"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Boden"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Erdreich"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "édafos", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "έδαφος"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "édaphos", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "ἔδαφος"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "gê", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "γῆ"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "khthṓn", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "χθών"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "tè"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "zamīn", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ज़मीन"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "föld"}, {"code": "hu", "english": "soil", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "talaj"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "tanah"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "gruntti"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "maa"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "talamh"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"alt": "つち", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "tsuchi", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "土"}, {"alt": "ち", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "chi", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "地"}, {"alt": "どじょう", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dojō", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "土壌"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["informal"], "word": "lemah"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["krama"], "word": "siti"}, {"code": "kea", "lang": "Kabuverdianu", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "txon"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "dəy", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "ដី"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ttang", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "땅"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "heuk", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "흙"}, {"alt": "土壤", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "toyang", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "토양"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "din", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "ດິນ"}, {"code": "lmo", "lang": "Lombard", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tera"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "zémja", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "зе́мја"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "art"}, {"code": "mhr", "lang": "Eastern Mari", "roman": "avarok", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "аварок"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tèrra"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "eorþe"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "zamin", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "زَمین"}, {"code": "pdt", "lang": "Plautdietsch", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Ieed"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ziemia"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "gleba"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "solo"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "pământ"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zemljá", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земля́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "póčva", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "по́чва"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "grunt", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "грунт"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "talamh"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ùir"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zem"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pôda"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tierra"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "jord"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "mark"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "din", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "ดิน"}, {"code": "xto", "lang": "Tocharian A", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "tkaṃ"}, {"code": "txb", "lang": "Tocharian B", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "keṃ"}, {"code": "uga", "lang": "Ugaritic", "roman": "ảrṣ", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "𐎀𐎗𐎕"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "zamīn", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "زَمِین"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "hatak", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "հատակ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "dib"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "dno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дно"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "dǎ́no", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дъ́но"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fons"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǐbù", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "底部"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǐ", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "底"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "dno"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "bodem"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "pohja"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "as navigational hazard", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "kari"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fond"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Grund"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "vythós", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "βυθός"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "fenék"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "note": "of a sea", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "tengerfenék"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "talamh"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fondo"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "badak", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "바닥"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "dno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дно"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "dŭno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "neuter"], "word": "дъно"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "dŭno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дъно"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "dno"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "grunt"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fundo"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "dno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дно"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "neuter"], "word": "дно̏"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["Roman", "neuter"], "word": "dnȍ"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "dno"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "dno"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fondo"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дно"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "himkʻ", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "հիմք"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "əsas"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "osnóva", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "осно́ва"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "báza", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ба́за"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "základ"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ondergrond"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "perustus"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "perusta"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "base"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "fondation"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Grundfeste"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "édafos", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "έδαφος"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "alap"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "base"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "fondamenta"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "batang", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "바탕"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "podstawa"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "baza"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fundamento"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "osnóva", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "осно́ва"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "báza", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ба́за"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "základ"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fondo"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fundamento"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "base"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "reason, justification, cause.", "word": "syy"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "reason, justification, cause.", "word": "peruste"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "fon"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "zəmin"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "fon", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "фон"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "achtergrond"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["plural"], "word": "puitteet"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["singular"], "word": "kehys"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["singular"], "word": "runko"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "ympäristö"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Hintergrund"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "alap"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "háttér"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bonn"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "dintorni"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "batang", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "바탕"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "teduri", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "테두리"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "refers to a site or campus or surrounds", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "papa whenua"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "fon", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "фон"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "fondo"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "bakgrund"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "historical: area on which a battle is fought", "word": "taistelukenttä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "advantage given or gained in any contest", "word": "syy"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "place suited to a specified activity", "word": "maaasto"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "place suited to a specified activity", "word": "maa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "plain surface upon which the figures of an artistic composition are set", "word": "tausta"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "sculpture: flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief", "word": "tausta"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "etching: gummy substance spread over the surface of a metal to be etched", "word": "maski"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "malʕab kurat qadam", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "مَلْعَب كُرَة قَدَم"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "terén", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "тере́н"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "camp"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "football stadium", "word": "jalkapallostadion"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "terrain de football"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "terrain"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "football stadium", "word": "pálya"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "football stadium", "word": "futballpálya"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "páirc"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "campo"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "campo"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "póle", "sense": "football stadium", "word": "по́ле"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "campo de futbol"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "torpaqalama"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "torpağa birşəldirilmə"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "yerlə birləşdirmə"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zazemjávane", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "заземя́ване"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "punt de terra"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "jiēdì", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "接地"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dìxiàn", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "地線 /地线"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "jiēdìxiàn", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "接地線 /接地线"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "aarding"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "maajohdin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "maa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terre"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "masse"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Erde"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Masseleitung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "Masseverbindung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "Erdung"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "geíosi", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "γείωση"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "földelés"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "sreang thalmhaithe"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "massa"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"alt": "せっち", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "setchi", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "接地"}, {"alt": "ちせん", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "chisen", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "地線"}, {"alt": "接地", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeopji", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "접지"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "eo'eodeu", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "어어드"}, {"alt": "接地線", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeopjiseon", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "접지선"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "uziemienie"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aterramento"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "împământare"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zazemlénije", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "заземле́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zemljá", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["colloquial", "feminine"], "word": "земля́"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "polo a tierra"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "toma de tierra"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "jord"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "jordledare"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "sayad"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "pit of a theatre", "word": "permanto"}], "wikipedia": ["ground"], "word": "ground"}

ground/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with etymology trees", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular past participles", "English irregular simple past forms", "English lemmas", "English non-lemma forms", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root gʰrem-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English uncountable nouns", "English verb forms", "English verbs", "Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa", "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)", "Entries with translation boxes", "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English terms derived from Old English", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root gʰrem-", "Middle English terms inherited from Old English", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Arabic translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of French translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Japanese translations", "Requests for review of Latin translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Rhymes:English/aʊnd", "Rhymes:English/aʊnd/1 syllable", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Baluchi translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Coptic translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Mari translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Higaonon translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Kabuverdianu translations", "Terms with Kalmyk translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Lü translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Galician-Portuguese translations", "Terms with Old High German translations", "Terms with Oromo translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Southern Altai translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tocharian A translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yagara translations", "enm:Earth"], "derived": [{"word": "above ground"}, {"word": "aboveground"}, {"word": "above-ground"}, {"word": "absorbent ground"}, {"word": "aground"}, {"word": "air-to-ground"}, {"word": "archery ground"}, {"word": "background"}, {"word": "barren-ground caribou"}, {"word": "Battle Ground"}, {"word": "battleground"}, {"word": "battle ground"}, {"word": "belowground"}, {"word": "best on ground"}, {"word": "bootleg ground"}, {"word": "boots on the ground"}, {"word": "bora ground"}, {"word": "break new ground"}, {"word": "bring to ground"}, {"word": "Brussels ground"}, {"word": "Brussels wire ground"}, {"word": "burying ground"}, {"word": "cover ground"}, {"word": "cumberground"}, {"word": "cumber-ground"}, {"word": "cumber ground"}, {"word": "cut the ground from under someone's feet"}, {"word": "dead ground"}, {"word": "drill ground"}, {"word": "drive into the ground"}, {"word": "drive something into the ground"}, {"word": "dumping ground"}, {"word": "ear to the ground"}, {"word": "eyes on the ground"}, {"word": "facts on the ground"}, {"word": "fall on stony ground"}, {"word": "fall to the ground"}, {"word": "feet on the ground"}, {"word": "figure and ground"}, {"word": "fishing ground"}, {"word": "floating ground"}, {"word": "foreground"}, {"word": "the ground up"}, {"word": "gain-ground"}, {"word": "get off the ground"}, {"word": "gill-go-by-the-ground"}, {"word": "gill-over-the-ground"}, {"word": "go to ground"}, {"word": "ground and pound"}, {"word": "ground angling"}, {"word": "ground bailiff"}, {"word": "groundbait"}, {"word": "ground ball"}, {"word": "ground bar"}, {"word": "ground bass"}, {"word": "ground beetle"}, {"word": "ground berry"}, {"word": "ground blizzard"}, {"word": "ground breaker"}, {"word": "ground-breaking"}, {"word": "ground cable"}, {"word": "ground cedar"}, {"word": "ground cherry"}, {"word": "ground clearance"}, {"word": "ground cloth"}, {"word": "ground clutter"}, {"word": "ground control"}, {"word": "ground control point"}, {"word": "ground cover"}, {"word": "ground crew"}, {"word": "groundcrew"}, {"word": "ground cruncher"}, {"word": "ground cuckoo"}, {"taxonomic": "Santolina chamaecyparissus", "word": "ground cypress"}, {"word": "ground dove"}, {"word": "ground effect"}, {"word": "ground elder"}, {"word": "ground failure"}, {"word": "ground fault"}, {"word": "ground finch"}, {"word": "ground fir"}, {"word": "ground fire"}, {"word": "ground fish"}, {"word": "ground floor"}, {"word": "ground-floor"}, {"word": "ground fog"}, {"word": "ground food"}, {"word": "ground forces"}, {"word": "ground frame"}, {"word": "ground frost"}, {"word": "ground game"}, {"word": "ground-glass"}, {"word": "ground hemlock"}, {"word": "ground hog"}, {"word": "groundhog"}, {"word": "ground-hog"}, {"word": "ground hornbill"}, {"word": "ground ice"}, {"word": "ground itch"}, {"word": "ground ivy"}, {"word": "ground-ivy"}, {"word": "ground lamella"}, {"word": "ground laurel"}, {"word": "groundless"}, {"word": "ground level"}, {"word": "groundling"}, {"word": "ground loop"}, {"word": "groundly"}, {"word": "ground-man"}, {"word": "ground man"}, {"word": "ground meristem"}, {"word": "ground mist"}, {"word": "ground-mist"}, {"word": "ground moraine"}, {"word": "ground noise"}, {"word": "ground out"}, {"word": "ground pangolin"}, {"word": "ground pea"}, {"word": "ground pear"}, {"word": "ground pine"}, {"word": "ground plane"}, {"word": "ground plan"}, {"word": "ground-plan"}, {"word": "ground plate"}, {"word": "ground plum"}, {"word": "ground pounder"}, {"word": "ground power"}, {"word": "ground provisions"}, {"word": "ground proximity warning system"}, {"word": "ground rattlesnake"}, {"word": "ground rent"}, {"word": "ground robin"}, {"word": "ground roller"}, {"word": "ground row"}, {"word": "ground rule"}, {"word": "ground-rule"}, {"word": "ground sense"}, {"word": "ground set"}, {"word": "ground-shaker"}, {"word": "ground shark"}, {"word": "ground signal"}, {"word": "ground sloth"}, {"word": "groundsman"}, {"word": "ground snake"}, {"word": "ground speed"}, {"word": "ground spider"}, {"word": "ground squirrel"}, {"word": "ground staff"}, {"word": "ground state"}, {"word": "ground station"}, {"word": "ground stop"}, {"word": "ground-stroke"}, {"word": "ground stroke"}, {"word": "ground substance"}, {"word": "ground swell"}, {"word": "ground tackle"}, {"word": "ground tissue"}, {"word": "ground-to-air"}, {"word": "ground-to-ground"}, {"word": "ground-to-ship"}, {"word": "ground troops"}, {"word": "ground truth"}, {"word": "ground truthing"}, {"word": "ground tyrant"}, {"word": "ground wallah"}, {"word": "ground water"}, {"word": "ground wave"}, {"word": "ground wire"}, {"word": "ground-work"}, {"word": "groundwork"}, {"word": "ground-zero"}, {"word": "ground zero"}, {"word": "happy hunting ground"}, {"word": "hit the ground running"}, {"word": "hold one's ground"}, {"word": "honeycomb ground"}, {"word": "hunting ground"}, {"word": "in the ground"}, {"word": "kiss the ground someone walks on"}, {"word": "know one's ass from a hole in the ground"}, {"word": "know one's head from a hole in the ground"}, {"word": "know someone from a hole in the ground"}, {"word": "know the difference between one's ass and a hole in the ground"}, {"word": "level to the ground"}, {"word": "lost ground"}, {"word": "make ground"}, {"word": "middle-ground"}, {"word": "moral low ground"}, {"word": "native ground"}, {"word": "nuisance ground"}, {"word": "off the ground"}, {"word": "on familiar ground"}, {"word": "on one's own ground"}, {"word": "on shaky ground"}, {"word": "on solid ground"}, {"word": "on the ground"}, {"word": "open ground"}, {"word": "out ground"}, {"word": "overground"}, {"word": "Overground"}, {"word": "prepare the ground"}, {"word": "put facts on the ground"}, {"word": "put in the ground"}, {"word": "recreation ground"}, {"word": "rooted to the ground"}, {"word": "ruddy ground dove"}, {"word": "rufous-vented ground-cuckoo"}, {"word": "run into the ground"}, {"word": "run to ground"}, {"word": "run to the ground"}, {"word": "Saint Croix ground lizard"}, {"word": "schoolground"}, {"word": "sea-ground"}, {"word": "shift ground"}, {"word": "shift one's ground"}, {"word": "ship-to-ground"}, {"word": "Skinner's ground mantis"}, {"word": "soften the ground"}, {"word": "soften up the ground"}, {"word": "spawning ground"}, {"word": "standing ground"}, {"word": "stand one's ground"}, {"word": "stand-your-ground law"}, {"word": "suit down to the ground"}, {"word": "tactile ground surface indicator"}, {"word": "thick on the ground"}, {"word": "thin on the ground"}, {"word": "Tom Tidler's ground"}, {"word": "Tommy Tiddler's ground"}, {"word": "underground"}, {"word": "Underground"}, {"word": "work into the ground"}, {"word": "worship the ground someone walks on"}, {"english": "ground", "urls": ["https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Category:%7B%7Blangname%7Cen%7D%7D+lemmas&from=ground#mw-pages"], "word": "English terms starting with"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "inh", "3": "enm>ground>surface", "id": "earth", "tree": "1"}, "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European gʰrem-der.\nProto-Germanic grunduz\nOld English grund\nMiddle English ground\nEnglish ground", "name": "etymon"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "ground"}, "expansion": "Middle English ground", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "grund"}, "expansion": "Old English grund", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "grunduz"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic grunduz", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "grûn"}, "expansion": "West Frisian grûn", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "grond"}, "expansion": "Dutch grond", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Grund"}, "expansion": "German Grund", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European gʰrem-der.\nProto-Germanic grunduz\nOld English grund\nMiddle English ground\nEnglish ground\nFrom Middle English ground, from Old English grund, from Proto-Germanic grunduz. Cognate with West Frisian grûn, Dutch grond and German Grund.", "forms": [{"form": "grounds", "tags": ["plural"]}, {"form": "GND", "tags": ["alternative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "ground (countable and uncountable, plural grounds)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyponyms": [{"word": "break ground"}, {"word": "breeding ground"}, {"word": "burial ground"}, {"word": "campground"}, {"word": "camping ground"}, {"word": "common ground"}, {"word": "cricket ground"}, {"word": "cumber ground"}, {"word": "fairground"}, {"word": "gain ground"}, {"word": "give ground"}, {"word": "high ground"}, {"word": "home ground"}, {"word": "lose ground"}, {"word": "middle ground"}, {"word": "moral high ground"}, {"word": "neutral ground"}, {"word": "parade ground"}, {"word": "picnic ground"}, {"word": "pleasure ground"}, {"word": "proving ground"}, {"word": "school ground"}, {"word": "shooting ground"}, {"word": "showground"}, {"word": "singing ground"}, {"word": "solid ground"}, {"word": "sports ground"}, {"word": "stamping ground"}, {"word": "stomping ground"}, {"word": "teeing ground"}, {"word": "testing ground"}, {"word": "training ground"}, {"word": "vantage ground"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [{"word": "floor"}, {"word": "terra firma"}], "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Look, I found a ten dollar bill on the ground!", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXIII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:", "text": "If the afternoon was fine they strolled together in the park, very slowly, and with pauses to draw breath wherever the ground sloped upward. The slightest effort made the patient cough.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1977, Agatha Christie, chapter 4, in An Autobiography, part II, London: Collins, →ISBN:", "text": "Mind you, clothes were clothes in those days. […] Frills, ruffles, flounces, lace, complicated seams and gores: not only did they sweep the ground and have to be held up in one hand elegantly as you walked along, but they had little capes or coats or feather boas.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013 June 8, “The new masters and commanders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 52:", "text": "From the ground, Colombo’s port does not look like much. Those entering it are greeted by wire fences, walls dating back to colonial times and security posts.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The surface of the Earth, as opposed to the sky or water or underground."], "links": [["surface", "surface"], ["Earth", "Earth"], ["sky", "sky"], ["water", "water"], ["underground", "underground"]], "senseid": ["en:surface of the Earth"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English uncountable nouns"], "examples": [{"ref": "1971, “The development of terrain following radar: an account of the progress made with an airborne guidance system for low flying military aircraft”, in Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology:", "text": "As the terrain-following radar scans the ground ahead of the aircraft the actual clearance height is measured by the radio altimeter.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Terrain."], "links": [["Terrain", "terrain"]], "raw_glosses": ["(uncountable) Terrain."], "tags": ["uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The worm crawls through the ground.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Soil, earth."], "links": [["Soil", "soil"], ["earth", "earth"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English countable nouns"], "glosses": ["The bottom of a body of water."], "links": [["bottom", "bottom"], ["water", "water"]], "raw_glosses": ["(countable) The bottom of a body of water."], "tags": ["countable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1503–1512, John Skelton, Ware the Hauke; republished in John Scattergood, editor, John Skelton: The Complete English Poems, 1983, →OCLC, page 62, lines 11–14:", "text": "Wyth cry unreverent,\nBefore the sacrament,\nWythin the holy church bowndis,\nThat of our fayth the grownd is.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1840, Lewis Rose, chapter III, in An Humble Attempt to Put an End to the Present Divisions in the Church of Scotland, and to Promote Her Usefulness. […] , Glasgow: George Gallie, →OCLC, page 51:", "text": "[B]e the consequences what they may, they shall not move an inch, nor a hair's-breadth from the ground of their groundless spiritual independence, […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Basis, foundation, groundwork, legwork."], "links": [["Basis", "basis"], ["foundation", "foundation"], ["groundwork", "groundwork"], ["legwork", "legwork"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "You will need to show good grounds for your action.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He could not come on grounds of health, or on health grounds.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Reason, (epistemic) justification, cause."], "links": [["Reason", "reason#English"], ["epistemic", "epistemic"], ["justification", "justification#English"], ["cause", "cause#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(chiefly in the plural) Reason, (epistemic) justification, cause."], "tags": ["countable", "in-plural", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["Background, context, framework, surroundings."], "links": [["Background", "background"], ["context", "context"], ["framework", "framework"], ["surrounding", "surrounding"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with historical senses"], "glosses": ["The area on which a battle is fought, particularly as referring to the area occupied by one side or the other. Often, according to the eventualities, \"to give ground\" or \"to gain ground\"."], "raw_glosses": ["(historical) The area on which a battle is fought, particularly as referring to the area occupied by one side or the other. Often, according to the eventualities, \"to give ground\" or \"to gain ground\"."], "tags": ["countable", "historical", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["Advantage given or gained in any contest; e.g. in football, chess, debate or academic discourse."], "raw_glosses": ["(figurative, by extension) Advantage given or gained in any contest; e.g. in football, chess, debate or academic discourse."], "tags": ["broadly", "countable", "figuratively", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "a forest traditionally used as a hunting-ground", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1876, Parliamentary Papers, volume 14, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, page 147:", "text": "I gather from your last answer that at the present time the constabulary, to a certain extent, is good recruiting ground for the army?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A place suited to a specified activity."], "raw_glosses": ["(in combination) A place suited to a specified activity."], "tags": ["countable", "in-compounds", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "crimson flowers on a white ground", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1819, Abraham Rees, The Cyclopædia:", "text": "[…] to pad a piece in diluted acetate of alumine to obtain a pale lemon ground […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1941 December, “The Why and the Wherefore: Cornish names of G.W.R. locomotives”, in Railway Magazine, page 575:", "text": "One and All is the motto of the County of Cornwall, used below the coat-of-arms, which is a shield embracing fifteen bezants, or golden roundels, on a black ground; [...].", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The plain surface upon which the figures of an artistic composition are set."], "links": [["plain", "plain"], ["surface", "surface"], ["figure", "figure"], ["artistic", "artistic"], ["composition", "composition"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["en:Sculpture"], "glosses": ["A flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief."], "links": [["sculpture", "sculpture"]], "qualifier": "sculpture", "raw_glosses": ["(sculpture) A flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"examples": [{"text": "Brussels ground"}], "glosses": ["The net of small meshes upon which the embroidered pattern is applied."], "links": [["point lace", "point lace"]], "qualifier": "point lace", "raw_glosses": ["(point lace) The net of small meshes upon which the embroidered pattern is applied."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["A gummy substance spread over the surface of a metal to be etched, to prevent the acid from eating except where an opening is made by the needle."], "links": [["gummy", "gummy"]], "qualifier": "etching", "raw_glosses": ["(etching) A gummy substance spread over the surface of a metal to be etched, to prevent the acid from eating except where an opening is made by the needle."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Architecture"], "examples": [{"text": "Grounds are usually put up first and the plastering floated flush with them.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["One of the pieces of wood, flush with the plastering, to which mouldings etc. are attached."], "links": [["architecture", "architecture"], ["flush", "flush"], ["moulding", "moulding"]], "raw_glosses": ["(architecture, chiefly in the plural) One of the pieces of wood, flush with the plastering, to which mouldings etc. are attached."], "tags": ["countable", "in-plural", "uncountable"], "topics": ["architecture"]}, {"categories": ["British English", "English countable nouns", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Manchester United's ground is known as Old Trafford.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["A soccer stadium."], "links": [["soccer", "soccer"], ["stadium", "stadium"]], "raw_glosses": ["(countable, UK) A soccer stadium."], "tags": ["UK", "countable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Electricity"], "examples": [{"ref": "1961, “GROUND”, in The International Dictionary of Physics and Electronics, 2nd edition, Princeton, NJ: D. Van Nostrand, page 539:", "text": "А ground may be undesirable, inadvertent, or accidental path taken by an electrical current; or it may be the deliberate provision of conductors well connected to the ground by means of plates buried therein, or similar device.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["An electrical conductor connected to the earth, or a large conductor whose electrical potential is taken as zero (such as a steel chassis)."], "links": [["electricity", "electricity"], ["conductor", "conductor#English"], ["potential", "potential#English"], ["zero", "zero#English"], ["steel", "steel#English"], ["chassis", "chassis#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(electricity) An electrical conductor connected to the earth, or a large conductor whose electrical potential is taken as zero (such as a steel chassis)."], "senseid": ["en:Q6501125"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["business", "electrical-engineering", "electricity", "electromagnetism", "energy", "engineering", "natural-sciences", "physical-sciences", "physics"], "wikidata": ["Q6501125"]}, {"categories": ["Philippine English", "en:Electricity"], "glosses": ["Electric shock."], "links": [["electricity", "electricity"], ["Electric shock", "electric shock"]], "raw_glosses": ["(electricity, Philippines) Electric shock."], "tags": ["Philippines", "countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["business", "electrical-engineering", "electricity", "electromagnetism", "energy", "engineering", "natural-sciences", "physical-sciences", "physics"]}, {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "en:Cricket"], "glosses": ["The area of grass on which a match is played (a cricket field); the entire arena in which it is played; the part of the field behind a batsman's popping crease where he can not be run out (hence to make one's ground)."], "links": [["cricket", "cricket"], ["area", "area"], ["grass", "grass"], ["match", "match"], ["played", "played"], ["field", "field"], ["arena", "arena"], ["batsman", "batsman"], ["popping crease", "popping crease"], ["run out", "run out"]], "raw_glosses": ["(countable, cricket) The area of grass on which a match is played (a cricket field); the entire arena in which it is played; the part of the field behind a batsman's popping crease where he can not be run out (hence to make one's ground)."], "tags": ["countable"], "topics": ["ball-games", "cricket", "games", "hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"categories": ["en:Music"], "glosses": ["A composition in which the bass, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a varying melody."], "links": [["music", "music"]], "raw_glosses": ["(music) A composition in which the bass, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a varying melody."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["entertainment", "lifestyle", "music"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Music"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene vii]:", "text": "Buck[ingham] The Mayor is here at hand; pretend ſome fear, // Be not you ſpoke with, but by mighty ſuit; // And look you get a prayer-book in your hand, // And ſtand between two churchmen, good my lord, // For on that ground I’ll build a holy deſcant: // And be not eaſily won to our requeſts: // Play the maid’s part, ſtill anſwer nay, and take it.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song."], "links": [["music", "music"], ["descant", "descant"]], "raw_glosses": ["(music) The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["entertainment", "lifestyle", "music"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1614 November 10 (first performance; Gregorian calendar), Beniamin Iohnson [i.e., Ben Jonson], Bartholmew Fayre: A Comedie, […], London: […] I[ohn] B[eale] for Robert Allot, […], published 1631, →OCLC, (please specify the page):", "text": "the understanding gentlemen o' the ground here ask'd my judgment", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The pit of a theatre."], "links": [["pit", "pit"], ["theatre", "theatre"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations", "Indian English", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1885, Manual of the Administration of the Madras Presidency, page 515:", "text": "It is sub-divided into annas (or 16ths), of 3,600 square feet each; or when the land is for building purposes, into grounds (munnies) of 1/24 of a cawny each, as in the town of Madras.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Synonym of munny (“land measure”)"], "links": [["munny", "munny#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(India, obsolete) Synonym of munny (“land measure”)"], "synonyms": [{"extra": "land measure", "tags": ["synonym", "synonym-of"], "word": "munny"}], "tags": ["India", "countable", "obsolete", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ɡɹaʊnd/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-us-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg/En-us-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-au-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg/En-au-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-aʊnd"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["British"], "topics": ["electricity", "electrical-engineering", "electromagnetism", "energy", "business", "physics", "physical-sciences", "natural-sciences", "engineering"], "word": "earth"}], "translations": [{"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "faqja"}, {"code": "apw", "lang": "Western Apache", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "niʼ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔarḍ", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "أَرْض"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "getin", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "գետին"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "yer"}, {"code": "bal", "lang": "Baluchi", "roman": "zamín", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "زمین"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zjamljá", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "зямля́"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "hrunt", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "грунт"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zemjá", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земя́"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "terra"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sòl"}, {"code": "ccc", "lang": "Chamicuro", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "c̈hijta"}, {"code": "ce", "lang": "Chechen", "roman": "latta", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "латта"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "di", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "ди"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dì", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "地"}, {"code": "cop", "lang": "Coptic", "roman": "iten", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ⲓⲧⲉⲛ"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "země"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "grond"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bodem"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "tero"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "tꜣ", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "tA:N23Z1"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "maanpinta"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "maa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sol"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terre"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "mic̣a", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "მიწა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "xmeleti", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ხმელეთი"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Erde"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Erdboden"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Land"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Grund"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Boden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "édafos", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "έδαφος"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "édaphos", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "ἔδαφος"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "קרקע"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "karká", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "קַרְקַע"}, {"code": "mba", "lang": "Higaonon", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "bugta"}, {"code": "hil", "lang": "Hiligaynon", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "duta"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "zamīn", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ज़मीन"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "bhūtal", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "भूतल"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "föld"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "talamh"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "suolo"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "superficie"}, {"alt": "ち", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "chi", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "地"}, {"alt": "つち", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "tsuchi", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "土"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["informal"], "word": "lemah"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["krama"], "word": "siti"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "dəy", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ដី"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ttang", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "땅"}, {"code": "ky", "lang": "Kyrgyz", "roman": "jer", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "жер"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "din", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ດິນ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "solum"}, {"code": "khb", "lang": "Lü", "roman": "ḋiin", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ᦡᦲᧃ"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "zemja", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земја"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "na", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ᠨᠠ"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "falan", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ᡶᠠᠯᠠᠨ"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "niʼ"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "bakke"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "aki"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ᐊᑭ"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "eorþe"}, {"code": "goh", "lang": "Old High German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "grunt"}, {"code": "roa-opt", "lang": "Old Portuguese", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "chão"}, {"code": "om", "lang": "Oromo", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "dachee"}, {"code": "om", "lang": "Oromo", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "lafa"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "zamin", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "زَمین"}, {"code": "pdt", "lang": "Plautdietsch", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Grunt"}, {"code": "pdt", "lang": "Plautdietsch", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Ieed"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ziemia"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "grunt"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "solo"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "chão"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "sol"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter", "plural"], "word": "pământ"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zemljá", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земля́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "grunt", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "грунт"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "bhūtala", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "भूतल"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "feminine"], "word": "зѐмља"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["Roman", "feminine"], "word": "zèmlja"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "solu"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "zem"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "zemlja"}, {"code": "alt", "lang": "Southern Altai", "roman": "ǰer", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "јер"}, {"code": "alt", "lang": "Southern Altai", "roman": "tobrak", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "тобрак"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "suelo"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tierra"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "huello"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "backe"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "mark"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "lupa"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "zamin", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "замин"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "din", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ดิน"}, {"code": "xto", "lang": "Tocharian A", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "tkaṃ"}, {"code": "txb", "lang": "Tocharian B", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "keṃ"}, {"code": "uga", "lang": "Ugaritic", "roman": "ảrṣ", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "𐎀𐎗𐎕"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zemljá", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земля́"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "grunt", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ґрунт"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "zamīn", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "زَمِین"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bhūtal", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "بُھوتَل"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "grûn"}, {"code": "wyi", "lang": "Woiwurrung", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "biik"}, {"code": "yxg", "lang": "Yagara", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "dhagun"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "dhe"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "toka"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔarḍ", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "أَرْض"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "hoġ", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "հող"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "pimintu"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "torpaq"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zjamljá", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "зямля́"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zemjá", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земя́"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "mre", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "မြေ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "tǔ", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "土"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dì", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "地"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "tǔrǎng", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "土壤"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tara"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tiara"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "grond"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "aarde"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "maaperä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "maa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terre"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tiere"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "chan"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "niadagi", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "ნიადაგი"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "mic̣a", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "მიწა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Erde"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Boden"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Erdreich"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "édafos", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "έδαφος"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "édaphos", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "ἔδαφος"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "gê", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "γῆ"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "khthṓn", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "χθών"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "tè"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "zamīn", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ज़मीन"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "föld"}, {"code": "hu", "english": "soil", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "talaj"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "tanah"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "gruntti"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "maa"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "talamh"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"alt": "つち", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "tsuchi", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "土"}, {"alt": "ち", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "chi", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "地"}, {"alt": "どじょう", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dojō", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "土壌"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["informal"], "word": "lemah"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["krama"], "word": "siti"}, {"code": "kea", "lang": "Kabuverdianu", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "txon"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "dəy", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "ដី"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ttang", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "땅"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "heuk", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "흙"}, {"alt": "土壤", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "toyang", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "토양"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "din", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "ດິນ"}, {"code": "lmo", "lang": "Lombard", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tera"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "zémja", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "зе́мја"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "art"}, {"code": "mhr", "lang": "Eastern Mari", "roman": "avarok", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "аварок"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tèrra"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "eorþe"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "zamin", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "زَمین"}, {"code": "pdt", "lang": "Plautdietsch", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Ieed"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ziemia"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "gleba"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "solo"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "pământ"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zemljá", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земля́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "póčva", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "по́чва"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "grunt", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "грунт"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "talamh"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ùir"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zem"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pôda"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tierra"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "jord"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "mark"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "din", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "ดิน"}, {"code": "xto", "lang": "Tocharian A", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "tkaṃ"}, {"code": "txb", "lang": "Tocharian B", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "keṃ"}, {"code": "uga", "lang": "Ugaritic", "roman": "ảrṣ", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "𐎀𐎗𐎕"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "zamīn", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "زَمِین"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "hatak", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "հատակ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "dib"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "dno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дно"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "dǎ́no", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дъ́но"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fons"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǐbù", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "底部"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǐ", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "底"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "dno"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "bodem"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "pohja"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "as navigational hazard", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "kari"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fond"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Grund"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "vythós", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "βυθός"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "fenék"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "note": "of a sea", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "tengerfenék"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "talamh"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fondo"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "badak", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "바닥"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "dno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дно"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "dŭno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "neuter"], "word": "дъно"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "dŭno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дъно"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "dno"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "grunt"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fundo"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "dno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дно"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "neuter"], "word": "дно̏"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["Roman", "neuter"], "word": "dnȍ"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "dno"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "dno"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fondo"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дно"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "himkʻ", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "հիմք"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "əsas"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "osnóva", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "осно́ва"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "báza", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ба́за"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "základ"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ondergrond"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "perustus"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "perusta"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "base"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "fondation"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Grundfeste"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "édafos", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "έδαφος"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "alap"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "base"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "fondamenta"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "batang", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "바탕"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "podstawa"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "baza"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fundamento"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "osnóva", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "осно́ва"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "báza", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ба́за"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "základ"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fondo"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fundamento"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "base"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "reason, justification, cause.", "word": "syy"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "reason, justification, cause.", "word": "peruste"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "fon"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "zəmin"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "fon", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "фон"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "achtergrond"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["plural"], "word": "puitteet"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["singular"], "word": "kehys"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["singular"], "word": "runko"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "ympäristö"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Hintergrund"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "alap"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "háttér"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bonn"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "dintorni"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "batang", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "바탕"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "teduri", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "테두리"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "refers to a site or campus or surrounds", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "papa whenua"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "fon", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "фон"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "fondo"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "bakgrund"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "historical: area on which a battle is fought", "word": "taistelukenttä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "advantage given or gained in any contest", "word": "syy"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "place suited to a specified activity", "word": "maaasto"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "place suited to a specified activity", "word": "maa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "plain surface upon which the figures of an artistic composition are set", "word": "tausta"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "sculpture: flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief", "word": "tausta"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "etching: gummy substance spread over the surface of a metal to be etched", "word": "maski"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "malʕab kurat qadam", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "مَلْعَب كُرَة قَدَم"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "terén", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "тере́н"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "camp"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "football stadium", "word": "jalkapallostadion"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "terrain de football"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "terrain"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "football stadium", "word": "pálya"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "football stadium", "word": "futballpálya"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "páirc"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "campo"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "campo"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "póle", "sense": "football stadium", "word": "по́ле"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "campo de futbol"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "torpaqalama"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "torpağa birşəldirilmə"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "yerlə birləşdirmə"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zazemjávane", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "заземя́ване"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "punt de terra"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "jiēdì", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "接地"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dìxiàn", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "地線 /地线"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "jiēdìxiàn", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "接地線 /接地线"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "aarding"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "maajohdin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "maa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terre"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "masse"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Erde"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Masseleitung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "Masseverbindung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "Erdung"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "geíosi", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "γείωση"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "földelés"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "sreang thalmhaithe"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "massa"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"alt": "せっち", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "setchi", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "接地"}, {"alt": "ちせん", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "chisen", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "地線"}, {"alt": "接地", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeopji", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "접지"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "eo'eodeu", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "어어드"}, {"alt": "接地線", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeopjiseon", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "접지선"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "uziemienie"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aterramento"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "împământare"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zazemlénije", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "заземле́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zemljá", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["colloquial", "feminine"], "word": "земля́"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "polo a tierra"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "toma de tierra"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "jord"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "jordledare"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "sayad"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "pit of a theatre", "word": "permanto"}], "wikipedia": ["ground"], "word": "ground"}

ground (noun) ground/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with etymology trees", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular past participles", "English irregular simple past forms", "English lemmas", "English non-lemma forms", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰrem-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English uncountable nouns", "English verb forms", "English verbs", "Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa", "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)", "Entries with translation boxes", "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English terms derived from Old English", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰrem-", "Middle English terms inherited from Old English", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Arabic translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of French translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Japanese translations", "Requests for review of Latin translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Rhymes:English/aʊnd", "Rhymes:English/aʊnd/1 syllable", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Baluchi translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Coptic translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Mari translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Higaonon translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Kabuverdianu translations", "Terms with Kalmyk translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Lü translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Galician-Portuguese translations", "Terms with Old High German translations", "Terms with Oromo translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Southern Altai translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tocharian A translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yagara translations", "enm:Earth"], "derived": [{"word": "above ground"}, {"word": "aboveground"}, {"word": "above-ground"}, {"word": "absorbent ground"}, {"word": "aground"}, {"word": "air-to-ground"}, {"word": "archery ground"}, {"word": "background"}, {"word": "barren-ground caribou"}, {"word": "Battle Ground"}, {"word": "battleground"}, {"word": "battle ground"}, {"word": "belowground"}, {"word": "best on ground"}, {"word": "bootleg ground"}, {"word": "boots on the ground"}, {"word": "bora ground"}, {"word": "break new ground"}, {"word": "bring to ground"}, {"word": "Brussels ground"}, {"word": "Brussels wire ground"}, {"word": "burying ground"}, {"word": "cover ground"}, {"word": "cumberground"}, {"word": "cumber-ground"}, {"word": "cumber ground"}, {"word": "cut the ground from under someone's feet"}, {"word": "dead ground"}, {"word": "drill ground"}, {"word": "drive into the ground"}, {"word": "drive something into the ground"}, {"word": "dumping ground"}, {"word": "ear to the ground"}, {"word": "eyes on the ground"}, {"word": "facts on the ground"}, {"word": "fall on stony ground"}, {"word": "fall to the ground"}, {"word": "feet on the ground"}, {"word": "figure and ground"}, {"word": "fishing ground"}, {"word": "floating ground"}, {"word": "foreground"}, {"word": "the ground up"}, {"word": "gain-ground"}, {"word": "get off the ground"}, {"word": "gill-go-by-the-ground"}, {"word": "gill-over-the-ground"}, {"word": "go to ground"}, {"word": "ground and pound"}, {"word": "ground angling"}, {"word": "ground bailiff"}, {"word": "groundbait"}, {"word": "ground ball"}, {"word": "ground bar"}, {"word": "ground bass"}, {"word": "ground beetle"}, {"word": "ground berry"}, {"word": "ground blizzard"}, {"word": "ground breaker"}, {"word": "ground-breaking"}, {"word": "ground cable"}, {"word": "ground cedar"}, {"word": "ground cherry"}, {"word": "ground clearance"}, {"word": "ground cloth"}, {"word": "ground clutter"}, {"word": "ground control"}, {"word": "ground control point"}, {"word": "ground cover"}, {"word": "ground crew"}, {"word": "groundcrew"}, {"word": "ground cruncher"}, {"word": "ground cuckoo"}, {"taxonomic": "Santolina chamaecyparissus", "word": "ground cypress"}, {"word": "ground dove"}, {"word": "ground effect"}, {"word": "ground elder"}, {"word": "ground failure"}, {"word": "ground fault"}, {"word": "ground finch"}, {"word": "ground fir"}, {"word": "ground fire"}, {"word": "ground fish"}, {"word": "ground floor"}, {"word": "ground-floor"}, {"word": "ground fog"}, {"word": "ground food"}, {"word": "ground forces"}, {"word": "ground frame"}, {"word": "ground frost"}, {"word": "ground game"}, {"word": "ground-glass"}, {"word": "ground hemlock"}, {"word": "ground hog"}, {"word": "groundhog"}, {"word": "ground-hog"}, {"word": "ground hornbill"}, {"word": "ground ice"}, {"word": "ground itch"}, {"word": "ground ivy"}, {"word": "ground-ivy"}, {"word": "ground lamella"}, {"word": "ground laurel"}, {"word": "groundless"}, {"word": "ground level"}, {"word": "groundling"}, {"word": "ground loop"}, {"word": "groundly"}, {"word": "ground-man"}, {"word": "ground man"}, {"word": "ground meristem"}, {"word": "ground mist"}, {"word": "ground-mist"}, {"word": "ground moraine"}, {"word": "ground noise"}, {"word": "ground out"}, {"word": "ground pangolin"}, {"word": "ground pea"}, {"word": "ground pear"}, {"word": "ground pine"}, {"word": "ground plane"}, {"word": "ground plan"}, {"word": "ground-plan"}, {"word": "ground plate"}, {"word": "ground plum"}, {"word": "ground pounder"}, {"word": "ground power"}, {"word": "ground provisions"}, {"word": "ground proximity warning system"}, {"word": "ground rattlesnake"}, {"word": "ground rent"}, {"word": "ground robin"}, {"word": "ground roller"}, {"word": "ground row"}, {"word": "ground rule"}, {"word": "ground-rule"}, {"word": "ground sense"}, {"word": "ground set"}, {"word": "ground-shaker"}, {"word": "ground shark"}, {"word": "ground signal"}, {"word": "ground sloth"}, {"word": "groundsman"}, {"word": "ground snake"}, {"word": "ground speed"}, {"word": "ground spider"}, {"word": "ground squirrel"}, {"word": "ground staff"}, {"word": "ground state"}, {"word": "ground station"}, {"word": "ground stop"}, {"word": "ground-stroke"}, {"word": "ground stroke"}, {"word": "ground substance"}, {"word": "ground swell"}, {"word": "ground tackle"}, {"word": "ground tissue"}, {"word": "ground-to-air"}, {"word": "ground-to-ground"}, {"word": "ground-to-ship"}, {"word": "ground troops"}, {"word": "ground truth"}, {"word": "ground truthing"}, {"word": "ground tyrant"}, {"word": "ground wallah"}, {"word": "ground water"}, {"word": "ground wave"}, {"word": "ground wire"}, {"word": "ground-work"}, {"word": "groundwork"}, {"word": "ground-zero"}, {"word": "ground zero"}, {"word": "happy hunting ground"}, {"word": "hit the ground running"}, {"word": "hold one's ground"}, {"word": "honeycomb ground"}, {"word": "hunting ground"}, {"word": "in the ground"}, {"word": "kiss the ground someone walks on"}, {"word": "know one's ass from a hole in the ground"}, {"word": "know one's head from a hole in the ground"}, {"word": "know someone from a hole in the ground"}, {"word": "know the difference between one's ass and a hole in the ground"}, {"word": "level to the ground"}, {"word": "lost ground"}, {"word": "make ground"}, {"word": "middle-ground"}, {"word": "moral low ground"}, {"word": "native ground"}, {"word": "nuisance ground"}, {"word": "off the ground"}, {"word": "on familiar ground"}, {"word": "on one's own ground"}, {"word": "on shaky ground"}, {"word": "on solid ground"}, {"word": "on the ground"}, {"word": "open ground"}, {"word": "out ground"}, {"word": "overground"}, {"word": "Overground"}, {"word": "prepare the ground"}, {"word": "put facts on the ground"}, {"word": "put in the ground"}, {"word": "recreation ground"}, {"word": "rooted to the ground"}, {"word": "ruddy ground dove"}, {"word": "rufous-vented ground-cuckoo"}, {"word": "run into the ground"}, {"word": "run to ground"}, {"word": "run to the ground"}, {"word": "Saint Croix ground lizard"}, {"word": "schoolground"}, {"word": "sea-ground"}, {"word": "shift ground"}, {"word": "shift one's ground"}, {"word": "ship-to-ground"}, {"word": "Skinner's ground mantis"}, {"word": "soften the ground"}, {"word": "soften up the ground"}, {"word": "spawning ground"}, {"word": "standing ground"}, {"word": "stand one's ground"}, {"word": "stand-your-ground law"}, {"word": "suit down to the ground"}, {"word": "tactile ground surface indicator"}, {"word": "thick on the ground"}, {"word": "thin on the ground"}, {"word": "Tom Tidler's ground"}, {"word": "Tommy Tiddler's ground"}, {"word": "underground"}, {"word": "Underground"}, {"word": "work into the ground"}, {"word": "worship the ground someone walks on"}, {"english": "ground", "urls": ["https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Category:%7B%7Blangname%7Cen%7D%7D+lemmas&from=ground#mw-pages"], "word": "English terms starting with"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "inh", "3": "enm>ground>surface", "id": "earth", "tree": "1"}, "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʰrem-der.\nProto-Germanic *grunduz\nOld English grund\nMiddle English ground\nEnglish ground", "name": "etymon"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "ground"}, "expansion": "Middle English ground", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "grund"}, "expansion": "Old English grund", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*grunduz"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grunduz", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "grûn"}, "expansion": "West Frisian grûn", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "grond"}, "expansion": "Dutch grond", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Grund"}, "expansion": "German Grund", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʰrem-der.\nProto-Germanic *grunduz\nOld English grund\nMiddle English ground\nEnglish ground\nFrom Middle English ground, from Old English grund, from Proto-Germanic *grunduz. Cognate with West Frisian grûn, Dutch grond and German Grund.", "forms": [{"form": "grounds", "tags": ["plural"]}, {"form": "GND", "tags": ["alternative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "ground (countable and uncountable, plural grounds)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyponyms": [{"word": "break ground"}, {"word": "breeding ground"}, {"word": "burial ground"}, {"word": "campground"}, {"word": "camping ground"}, {"word": "common ground"}, {"word": "cricket ground"}, {"word": "cumber ground"}, {"word": "fairground"}, {"word": "gain ground"}, {"word": "give ground"}, {"word": "high ground"}, {"word": "home ground"}, {"word": "lose ground"}, {"word": "middle ground"}, {"word": "moral high ground"}, {"word": "neutral ground"}, {"word": "parade ground"}, {"word": "picnic ground"}, {"word": "pleasure ground"}, {"word": "proving ground"}, {"word": "school ground"}, {"word": "shooting ground"}, {"word": "showground"}, {"word": "singing ground"}, {"word": "solid ground"}, {"word": "sports ground"}, {"word": "stamping ground"}, {"word": "stomping ground"}, {"word": "teeing ground"}, {"word": "testing ground"}, {"word": "training ground"}, {"word": "vantage ground"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [{"word": "floor"}, {"word": "terra firma"}], "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Look, I found a ten dollar bill on the ground!", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXIII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:", "text": "If the afternoon was fine they strolled together in the park, very slowly, and with pauses to draw breath wherever the ground sloped upward. The slightest effort made the patient cough.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1977, Agatha Christie, chapter 4, in An Autobiography, part II, London: Collins, →ISBN:", "text": "Mind you, clothes were clothes in those days. […] Frills, ruffles, flounces, lace, complicated seams and gores: not only did they sweep the ground and have to be held up in one hand elegantly as you walked along, but they had little capes or coats or feather boas.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013 June 8, “The new masters and commanders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 52:", "text": "From the ground, Colombo’s port does not look like much. Those entering it are greeted by wire fences, walls dating back to colonial times and security posts.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The surface of the Earth, as opposed to the sky or water or underground."], "links": [["surface", "surface"], ["Earth", "Earth"], ["sky", "sky"], ["water", "water"], ["underground", "underground"]], "senseid": ["en:surface of the Earth"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English uncountable nouns"], "examples": [{"ref": "1971, “The development of terrain following radar: an account of the progress made with an airborne guidance system for low flying military aircraft”, in Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology:", "text": "As the terrain-following radar scans the ground ahead of the aircraft the actual clearance height is measured by the radio altimeter.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Terrain."], "links": [["Terrain", "terrain"]], "raw_glosses": ["(uncountable) Terrain."], "tags": ["uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The worm crawls through the ground.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Soil, earth."], "links": [["Soil", "soil"], ["earth", "earth"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English countable nouns"], "glosses": ["The bottom of a body of water."], "links": [["bottom", "bottom"], ["water", "water"]], "raw_glosses": ["(countable) The bottom of a body of water."], "tags": ["countable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1503–1512, John Skelton, Ware the Hauke; republished in John Scattergood, editor, John Skelton: The Complete English Poems, 1983, →OCLC, page 62, lines 11–14:", "text": "Wyth cry unreverent,\nBefore the sacrament,\nWythin the holy church bowndis,\nThat of our fayth the grownd is.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1840, Lewis Rose, chapter III, in An Humble Attempt to Put an End to the Present Divisions in the Church of Scotland, and to Promote Her Usefulness. […] , Glasgow: George Gallie, →OCLC, page 51:", "text": "[B]e the consequences what they may, they shall not move an inch, nor a hair's-breadth from the ground of their groundless spiritual independence, […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Basis, foundation, groundwork, legwork."], "links": [["Basis", "basis"], ["foundation", "foundation"], ["groundwork", "groundwork"], ["legwork", "legwork"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "You will need to show good grounds for your action.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He could not come on grounds of health, or on health grounds.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Reason, (epistemic) justification, cause."], "links": [["Reason", "reason#English"], ["epistemic", "epistemic"], ["justification", "justification#English"], ["cause", "cause#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(chiefly in the plural) Reason, (epistemic) justification, cause."], "tags": ["countable", "in-plural", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["Background, context, framework, surroundings."], "links": [["Background", "background"], ["context", "context"], ["framework", "framework"], ["surrounding", "surrounding"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with historical senses"], "glosses": ["The area on which a battle is fought, particularly as referring to the area occupied by one side or the other. Often, according to the eventualities, \"to give ground\" or \"to gain ground\"."], "raw_glosses": ["(historical) The area on which a battle is fought, particularly as referring to the area occupied by one side or the other. Often, according to the eventualities, \"to give ground\" or \"to gain ground\"."], "tags": ["countable", "historical", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["Advantage given or gained in any contest; e.g. in football, chess, debate or academic discourse."], "raw_glosses": ["(figurative, by extension) Advantage given or gained in any contest; e.g. in football, chess, debate or academic discourse."], "tags": ["broadly", "countable", "figuratively", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "a forest traditionally used as a hunting-ground", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1876, Parliamentary Papers, volume 14, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, page 147:", "text": "I gather from your last answer that at the present time the constabulary, to a certain extent, is good recruiting ground for the army?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A place suited to a specified activity."], "raw_glosses": ["(in combination) A place suited to a specified activity."], "tags": ["countable", "in-compounds", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "crimson flowers on a white ground", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1819, Abraham Rees, The Cyclopædia:", "text": "[…] to pad a piece in diluted acetate of alumine to obtain a pale lemon ground […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1941 December, “The Why and the Wherefore: Cornish names of G.W.R. locomotives”, in Railway Magazine, page 575:", "text": "One and All is the motto of the County of Cornwall, used below the coat-of-arms, which is a shield embracing fifteen bezants, or golden roundels, on a black ground; [...].", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The plain surface upon which the figures of an artistic composition are set."], "links": [["plain", "plain"], ["surface", "surface"], ["figure", "figure"], ["artistic", "artistic"], ["composition", "composition"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["en:Sculpture"], "glosses": ["A flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief."], "links": [["sculpture", "sculpture"]], "qualifier": "sculpture", "raw_glosses": ["(sculpture) A flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"examples": [{"text": "Brussels ground"}], "glosses": ["The net of small meshes upon which the embroidered pattern is applied."], "links": [["point lace", "point lace"]], "qualifier": "point lace", "raw_glosses": ["(point lace) The net of small meshes upon which the embroidered pattern is applied."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["A gummy substance spread over the surface of a metal to be etched, to prevent the acid from eating except where an opening is made by the needle."], "links": [["gummy", "gummy"]], "qualifier": "etching", "raw_glosses": ["(etching) A gummy substance spread over the surface of a metal to be etched, to prevent the acid from eating except where an opening is made by the needle."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Architecture"], "examples": [{"text": "Grounds are usually put up first and the plastering floated flush with them.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["One of the pieces of wood, flush with the plastering, to which mouldings etc. are attached."], "links": [["architecture", "architecture"], ["flush", "flush"], ["moulding", "moulding"]], "raw_glosses": ["(architecture, chiefly in the plural) One of the pieces of wood, flush with the plastering, to which mouldings etc. are attached."], "tags": ["countable", "in-plural", "uncountable"], "topics": ["architecture"]}, {"categories": ["British English", "English countable nouns", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Manchester United's ground is known as Old Trafford.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["A soccer stadium."], "links": [["soccer", "soccer"], ["stadium", "stadium"]], "raw_glosses": ["(countable, UK) A soccer stadium."], "tags": ["UK", "countable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Electricity"], "examples": [{"ref": "1961, “GROUND”, in The International Dictionary of Physics and Electronics, 2nd edition, Princeton, NJ: D. Van Nostrand, page 539:", "text": "А ground may be undesirable, inadvertent, or accidental path taken by an electrical current; or it may be the deliberate provision of conductors well connected to the ground by means of plates buried therein, or similar device.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["An electrical conductor connected to the earth, or a large conductor whose electrical potential is taken as zero (such as a steel chassis)."], "links": [["electricity", "electricity"], ["conductor", "conductor#English"], ["potential", "potential#English"], ["zero", "zero#English"], ["steel", "steel#English"], ["chassis", "chassis#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(electricity) An electrical conductor connected to the earth, or a large conductor whose electrical potential is taken as zero (such as a steel chassis)."], "senseid": ["en:Q6501125"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["business", "electrical-engineering", "electricity", "electromagnetism", "energy", "engineering", "natural-sciences", "physical-sciences", "physics"], "wikidata": ["Q6501125"]}, {"categories": ["Philippine English", "en:Electricity"], "glosses": ["Electric shock."], "links": [["electricity", "electricity"], ["Electric shock", "electric shock"]], "raw_glosses": ["(electricity, Philippines) Electric shock."], "tags": ["Philippines", "countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["business", "electrical-engineering", "electricity", "electromagnetism", "energy", "engineering", "natural-sciences", "physical-sciences", "physics"]}, {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "en:Cricket"], "glosses": ["The area of grass on which a match is played (a cricket field); the entire arena in which it is played; the part of the field behind a batsman's popping crease where he can not be run out (hence to make one's ground)."], "links": [["cricket", "cricket"], ["area", "area"], ["grass", "grass"], ["match", "match"], ["played", "played"], ["field", "field"], ["arena", "arena"], ["batsman", "batsman"], ["popping crease", "popping crease"], ["run out", "run out"]], "raw_glosses": ["(countable, cricket) The area of grass on which a match is played (a cricket field); the entire arena in which it is played; the part of the field behind a batsman's popping crease where he can not be run out (hence to make one's ground)."], "tags": ["countable"], "topics": ["ball-games", "cricket", "games", "hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"categories": ["en:Music"], "glosses": ["A composition in which the bass, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a varying melody."], "links": [["music", "music"]], "raw_glosses": ["(music) A composition in which the bass, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a varying melody."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["entertainment", "lifestyle", "music"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Music"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene vii]:", "text": "Buck[ingham] The Mayor is here at hand; pretend ſome fear, // Be not you ſpoke with, but by mighty ſuit; // And look you get a prayer-book in your hand, // And ſtand between two churchmen, good my lord, // For on that ground I’ll build a holy deſcant: // And be not eaſily won to our requeſts: // Play the maid’s part, ſtill anſwer nay, and take it.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song."], "links": [["music", "music"], ["descant", "descant"]], "raw_glosses": ["(music) The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["entertainment", "lifestyle", "music"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1614 November 10 (first performance; Gregorian calendar), Beniamin Iohnson [i.e., Ben Jonson], Bartholmew Fayre: A Comedie, […], London: […] I[ohn] B[eale] for Robert Allot, […], published 1631, →OCLC, (please specify the page):", "text": "the understanding gentlemen o' the ground here ask'd my judgment", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The pit of a theatre."], "links": [["pit", "pit"], ["theatre", "theatre"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations", "Indian English", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1885, Manual of the Administration of the Madras Presidency, page 515:", "text": "It is sub-divided into annas (or 16ths), of 3,600 square feet each; or when the land is for building purposes, into grounds (munnies) of 1/24 of a cawny each, as in the town of Madras.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Synonym of munny (“land measure”)"], "links": [["munny", "munny#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(India, obsolete) Synonym of munny (“land measure”)"], "synonyms": [{"extra": "land measure", "tags": ["synonym", "synonym-of"], "word": "munny"}], "tags": ["India", "countable", "obsolete", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ɡɹaʊnd/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-us-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg/En-us-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-au-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg/En-au-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-aʊnd"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["British"], "topics": ["electricity", "electrical-engineering", "electromagnetism", "energy", "business", "physics", "physical-sciences", "natural-sciences", "engineering"], "word": "earth"}], "translations": [{"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "faqja"}, {"code": "apw", "lang": "Western Apache", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "niʼ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔarḍ", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "أَرْض"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "getin", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "գետին"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "yer"}, {"code": "bal", "lang": "Baluchi", "roman": "zamín", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "زمین"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zjamljá", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "зямля́"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "hrunt", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "грунт"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zemjá", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земя́"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "terra"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sòl"}, {"code": "ccc", "lang": "Chamicuro", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "c̈hijta"}, {"code": "ce", "lang": "Chechen", "roman": "latta", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "латта"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "di", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "ди"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dì", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "地"}, {"code": "cop", "lang": "Coptic", "roman": "iten", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ⲓⲧⲉⲛ"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "země"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "grond"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bodem"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "tero"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "tꜣ", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "tA:N23*Z1"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "maanpinta"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "maa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sol"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terre"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "mic̣a", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "მიწა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "xmeleti", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ხმელეთი"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Erde"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Erdboden"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Land"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Grund"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Boden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "édafos", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "έδαφος"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "édaphos", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "ἔδαφος"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "קרקע"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "karká", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "קַרְקַע"}, {"code": "mba", "lang": "Higaonon", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "bugta"}, {"code": "hil", "lang": "Hiligaynon", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "duta"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "zamīn", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ज़मीन"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "bhūtal", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "भूतल"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "föld"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "talamh"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "suolo"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "superficie"}, {"alt": "ち", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "chi", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "地"}, {"alt": "つち", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "tsuchi", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "土"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["informal"], "word": "lemah"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["krama"], "word": "siti"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "dəy", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ដី"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ttang", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "땅"}, {"code": "ky", "lang": "Kyrgyz", "roman": "jer", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "жер"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "din", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ດິນ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "solum"}, {"code": "khb", "lang": "Lü", "roman": "ḋiin", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ᦡᦲᧃ"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "zemja", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земја"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "na", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ᠨᠠ"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "falan", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ᡶᠠᠯᠠᠨ"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "niʼ"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "bakke"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "aki"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ᐊᑭ"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "eorþe"}, {"code": "goh", "lang": "Old High German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "grunt"}, {"code": "roa-opt", "lang": "Old Portuguese", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "chão"}, {"code": "om", "lang": "Oromo", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "dachee"}, {"code": "om", "lang": "Oromo", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "lafa"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "zamin", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "زَمین"}, {"code": "pdt", "lang": "Plautdietsch", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Grunt"}, {"code": "pdt", "lang": "Plautdietsch", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Ieed"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ziemia"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "grunt"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "solo"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "chão"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "sol"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter", "plural"], "word": "pământ"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zemljá", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земля́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "grunt", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "грунт"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "bhūtala", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "भूतल"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "feminine"], "word": "зѐмља"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["Roman", "feminine"], "word": "zèmlja"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "solu"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "zem"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "zemlja"}, {"code": "alt", "lang": "Southern Altai", "roman": "ǰer", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "јер"}, {"code": "alt", "lang": "Southern Altai", "roman": "tobrak", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "тобрак"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "suelo"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tierra"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "huello"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "backe"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "mark"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "lupa"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "zamin", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "замин"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "din", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ดิน"}, {"code": "xto", "lang": "Tocharian A", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "tkaṃ"}, {"code": "txb", "lang": "Tocharian B", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "keṃ"}, {"code": "uga", "lang": "Ugaritic", "roman": "ảrṣ", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "𐎀𐎗𐎕"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zemljá", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земля́"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "grunt", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ґрунт"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "zamīn", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "زَمِین"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bhūtal", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "بُھوتَل"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "grûn"}, {"code": "wyi", "lang": "Woiwurrung", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "biik"}, {"code": "yxg", "lang": "Yagara", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "dhagun"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "dhe"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "toka"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔarḍ", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "أَرْض"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "hoġ", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "հող"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "pimintu"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "torpaq"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zjamljá", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "зямля́"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zemjá", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земя́"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "mre", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "မြေ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "tǔ", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "土"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dì", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "地"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "tǔrǎng", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "土壤"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tara"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tiara"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "grond"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "aarde"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "maaperä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "maa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terre"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tiere"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "chan"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "niadagi", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "ნიადაგი"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "mic̣a", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "მიწა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Erde"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Boden"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Erdreich"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "édafos", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "έδαφος"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "édaphos", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "ἔδαφος"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "gê", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "γῆ"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "khthṓn", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "χθών"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "tè"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "zamīn", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ज़मीन"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "föld"}, {"code": "hu", "english": "soil", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "talaj"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "tanah"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "gruntti"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "maa"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "talamh"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"alt": "つち", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "tsuchi", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "土"}, {"alt": "ち", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "chi", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "地"}, {"alt": "どじょう", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dojō", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "土壌"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["informal"], "word": "lemah"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["krama"], "word": "siti"}, {"code": "kea", "lang": "Kabuverdianu", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "txon"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "dəy", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "ដី"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ttang", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "땅"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "heuk", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "흙"}, {"alt": "土壤", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "toyang", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "토양"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "din", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "ດິນ"}, {"code": "lmo", "lang": "Lombard", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tera"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "zémja", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "зе́мја"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "art"}, {"code": "mhr", "lang": "Eastern Mari", "roman": "avarok", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "аварок"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tèrra"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "eorþe"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "zamin", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "زَمین"}, {"code": "pdt", "lang": "Plautdietsch", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Ieed"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ziemia"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "gleba"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "solo"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "pământ"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zemljá", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земля́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "póčva", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "по́чва"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "grunt", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "грунт"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "talamh"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ùir"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zem"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pôda"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tierra"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "jord"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "mark"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "din", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "ดิน"}, {"code": "xto", "lang": "Tocharian A", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "tkaṃ"}, {"code": "txb", "lang": "Tocharian B", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "keṃ"}, {"code": "uga", "lang": "Ugaritic", "roman": "ảrṣ", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "𐎀𐎗𐎕"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "zamīn", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "زَمِین"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "hatak", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "հատակ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "dib"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "dno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дно"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "dǎ́no", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дъ́но"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fons"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǐbù", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "底部"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǐ", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "底"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "dno"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "bodem"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "pohja"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "as navigational hazard", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "kari"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fond"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Grund"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "vythós", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "βυθός"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "fenék"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "note": "of a sea", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "tengerfenék"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "talamh"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fondo"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "badak", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "바닥"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "dno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дно"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "dŭno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "neuter"], "word": "дъно"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "dŭno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дъно"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "dno"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "grunt"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fundo"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "dno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дно"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "neuter"], "word": "дно̏"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["Roman", "neuter"], "word": "dnȍ"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "dno"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "dno"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fondo"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дно"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "himkʻ", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "հիմք"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "əsas"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "osnóva", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "осно́ва"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "báza", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ба́за"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "základ"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ondergrond"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "perustus"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "perusta"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "base"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "fondation"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Grundfeste"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "édafos", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "έδαφος"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "alap"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "base"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "fondamenta"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "batang", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "바탕"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "podstawa"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "baza"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fundamento"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "osnóva", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "осно́ва"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "báza", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ба́за"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "základ"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fondo"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fundamento"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "base"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "reason, justification, cause.", "word": "syy"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "reason, justification, cause.", "word": "peruste"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "fon"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "zəmin"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "fon", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "фон"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "achtergrond"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["plural"], "word": "puitteet"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["singular"], "word": "kehys"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["singular"], "word": "runko"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "ympäristö"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Hintergrund"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "alap"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "háttér"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bonn"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "dintorni"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "batang", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "바탕"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "teduri", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "테두리"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "refers to a site or campus or surrounds", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "papa whenua"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "fon", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "фон"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "fondo"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "bakgrund"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "historical: area on which a battle is fought", "word": "taistelukenttä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "advantage given or gained in any contest", "word": "syy"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "place suited to a specified activity", "word": "maaasto"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "place suited to a specified activity", "word": "maa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "plain surface upon which the figures of an artistic composition are set", "word": "tausta"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "sculpture: flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief", "word": "tausta"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "etching: gummy substance spread over the surface of a metal to be etched", "word": "maski"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "malʕab kurat qadam", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "مَلْعَب كُرَة قَدَم"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "terén", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "тере́н"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "camp"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "football stadium", "word": "jalkapallostadion"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "terrain de football"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "terrain"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "football stadium", "word": "pálya"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "football stadium", "word": "futballpálya"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "páirc"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "campo"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "campo"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "póle", "sense": "football stadium", "word": "по́ле"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "campo de futbol"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "torpaqalama"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "torpağa birşəldirilmə"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "yerlə birləşdirmə"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zazemjávane", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "заземя́ване"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "punt de terra"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "jiēdì", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "接地"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dìxiàn", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "地線 /地线"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "jiēdìxiàn", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "接地線 /接地线"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "aarding"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "maajohdin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "maa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terre"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "masse"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Erde"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Masseleitung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "Masseverbindung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "Erdung"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "geíosi", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "γείωση"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "földelés"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "sreang thalmhaithe"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "massa"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"alt": "せっち", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "setchi", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "接地"}, {"alt": "ちせん", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "chisen", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "地線"}, {"alt": "接地", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeopji", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "접지"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "eo'eodeu", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "어어드"}, {"alt": "接地線", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeopjiseon", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "접지선"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "uziemienie"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aterramento"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "împământare"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zazemlénije", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "заземле́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zemljá", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["colloquial", "feminine"], "word": "земля́"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "polo a tierra"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "toma de tierra"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "jord"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "jordledare"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "sayad"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "pit of a theatre", "word": "permanto"}], "wikipedia": ["ground"], "word": "ground"}

ground/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with etymology trees", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular past participles", "English irregular simple past forms", "English lemmas", "English non-lemma forms", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root gʰrem-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English uncountable nouns", "English verb forms", "English verbs", "Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa", "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)", "Entries with translation boxes", "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English terms derived from Old English", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root gʰrem-", "Middle English terms inherited from Old English", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Arabic translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of French translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Japanese translations", "Requests for review of Latin translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Rhymes:English/aʊnd", "Rhymes:English/aʊnd/1 syllable", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Baluchi translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Coptic translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Mari translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Higaonon translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Kabuverdianu translations", "Terms with Kalmyk translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Lü translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Galician-Portuguese translations", "Terms with Old High German translations", "Terms with Oromo translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Southern Altai translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tocharian A translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yagara translations", "enm:Earth"], "derived": [{"word": "above ground"}, {"word": "aboveground"}, {"word": "above-ground"}, {"word": "absorbent ground"}, {"word": "aground"}, {"word": "air-to-ground"}, {"word": "archery ground"}, {"word": "background"}, {"word": "barren-ground caribou"}, {"word": "Battle Ground"}, {"word": "battleground"}, {"word": "battle ground"}, {"word": "belowground"}, {"word": "best on ground"}, {"word": "bootleg ground"}, {"word": "boots on the ground"}, {"word": "bora ground"}, {"word": "break new ground"}, {"word": "bring to ground"}, {"word": "Brussels ground"}, {"word": "Brussels wire ground"}, {"word": "burying ground"}, {"word": "cover ground"}, {"word": "cumberground"}, {"word": "cumber-ground"}, {"word": "cumber ground"}, {"word": "cut the ground from under someone's feet"}, {"word": "dead ground"}, {"word": "drill ground"}, {"word": "drive into the ground"}, {"word": "drive something into the ground"}, {"word": "dumping ground"}, {"word": "ear to the ground"}, {"word": "eyes on the ground"}, {"word": "facts on the ground"}, {"word": "fall on stony ground"}, {"word": "fall to the ground"}, {"word": "feet on the ground"}, {"word": "figure and ground"}, {"word": "fishing ground"}, {"word": "floating ground"}, {"word": "foreground"}, {"word": "the ground up"}, {"word": "gain-ground"}, {"word": "get off the ground"}, {"word": "gill-go-by-the-ground"}, {"word": "gill-over-the-ground"}, {"word": "go to ground"}, {"word": "ground and pound"}, {"word": "ground angling"}, {"word": "ground bailiff"}, {"word": "groundbait"}, {"word": "ground ball"}, {"word": "ground bar"}, {"word": "ground bass"}, {"word": "ground beetle"}, {"word": "ground berry"}, {"word": "ground blizzard"}, {"word": "ground breaker"}, {"word": "ground-breaking"}, {"word": "ground cable"}, {"word": "ground cedar"}, {"word": "ground cherry"}, {"word": "ground clearance"}, {"word": "ground cloth"}, {"word": "ground clutter"}, {"word": "ground control"}, {"word": "ground control point"}, {"word": "ground cover"}, {"word": "ground crew"}, {"word": "groundcrew"}, {"word": "ground cruncher"}, {"word": "ground cuckoo"}, {"taxonomic": "Santolina chamaecyparissus", "word": "ground cypress"}, {"word": "ground dove"}, {"word": "ground effect"}, {"word": "ground elder"}, {"word": "ground failure"}, {"word": "ground fault"}, {"word": "ground finch"}, {"word": "ground fir"}, {"word": "ground fire"}, {"word": "ground fish"}, {"word": "ground floor"}, {"word": "ground-floor"}, {"word": "ground fog"}, {"word": "ground food"}, {"word": "ground forces"}, {"word": "ground frame"}, {"word": "ground frost"}, {"word": "ground game"}, {"word": "ground-glass"}, {"word": "ground hemlock"}, {"word": "ground hog"}, {"word": "groundhog"}, {"word": "ground-hog"}, {"word": "ground hornbill"}, {"word": "ground ice"}, {"word": "ground itch"}, {"word": "ground ivy"}, {"word": "ground-ivy"}, {"word": "ground lamella"}, {"word": "ground laurel"}, {"word": "groundless"}, {"word": "ground level"}, {"word": "groundling"}, {"word": "ground loop"}, {"word": "groundly"}, {"word": "ground-man"}, {"word": "ground man"}, {"word": "ground meristem"}, {"word": "ground mist"}, {"word": "ground-mist"}, {"word": "ground moraine"}, {"word": "ground noise"}, {"word": "ground out"}, {"word": "ground pangolin"}, {"word": "ground pea"}, {"word": "ground pear"}, {"word": "ground pine"}, {"word": "ground plane"}, {"word": "ground plan"}, {"word": "ground-plan"}, {"word": "ground plate"}, {"word": "ground plum"}, {"word": "ground pounder"}, {"word": "ground power"}, {"word": "ground provisions"}, {"word": "ground proximity warning system"}, {"word": "ground rattlesnake"}, {"word": "ground rent"}, {"word": "ground robin"}, {"word": "ground roller"}, {"word": "ground row"}, {"word": "ground rule"}, {"word": "ground-rule"}, {"word": "ground sense"}, {"word": "ground set"}, {"word": "ground-shaker"}, {"word": "ground shark"}, {"word": "ground signal"}, {"word": "ground sloth"}, {"word": "groundsman"}, {"word": "ground snake"}, {"word": "ground speed"}, {"word": "ground spider"}, {"word": "ground squirrel"}, {"word": "ground staff"}, {"word": "ground state"}, {"word": "ground station"}, {"word": "ground stop"}, {"word": "ground-stroke"}, {"word": "ground stroke"}, {"word": "ground substance"}, {"word": "ground swell"}, {"word": "ground tackle"}, {"word": "ground tissue"}, {"word": "ground-to-air"}, {"word": "ground-to-ground"}, {"word": "ground-to-ship"}, {"word": "ground troops"}, {"word": "ground truth"}, {"word": "ground truthing"}, {"word": "ground tyrant"}, {"word": "ground wallah"}, {"word": "ground water"}, {"word": "ground wave"}, {"word": "ground wire"}, {"word": "ground-work"}, {"word": "groundwork"}, {"word": "ground-zero"}, {"word": "ground zero"}, {"word": "happy hunting ground"}, {"word": "hit the ground running"}, {"word": "hold one's ground"}, {"word": "honeycomb ground"}, {"word": "hunting ground"}, {"word": "in the ground"}, {"word": "kiss the ground someone walks on"}, {"word": "know one's ass from a hole in the ground"}, {"word": "know one's head from a hole in the ground"}, {"word": "know someone from a hole in the ground"}, {"word": "know the difference between one's ass and a hole in the ground"}, {"word": "level to the ground"}, {"word": "lost ground"}, {"word": "make ground"}, {"word": "middle-ground"}, {"word": "moral low ground"}, {"word": "native ground"}, {"word": "nuisance ground"}, {"word": "off the ground"}, {"word": "on familiar ground"}, {"word": "on one's own ground"}, {"word": "on shaky ground"}, {"word": "on solid ground"}, {"word": "on the ground"}, {"word": "open ground"}, {"word": "out ground"}, {"word": "overground"}, {"word": "Overground"}, {"word": "prepare the ground"}, {"word": "put facts on the ground"}, {"word": "put in the ground"}, {"word": "recreation ground"}, {"word": "rooted to the ground"}, {"word": "ruddy ground dove"}, {"word": "rufous-vented ground-cuckoo"}, {"word": "run into the ground"}, {"word": "run to ground"}, {"word": "run to the ground"}, {"word": "Saint Croix ground lizard"}, {"word": "schoolground"}, {"word": "sea-ground"}, {"word": "shift ground"}, {"word": "shift one's ground"}, {"word": "ship-to-ground"}, {"word": "Skinner's ground mantis"}, {"word": "soften the ground"}, {"word": "soften up the ground"}, {"word": "spawning ground"}, {"word": "standing ground"}, {"word": "stand one's ground"}, {"word": "stand-your-ground law"}, {"word": "suit down to the ground"}, {"word": "tactile ground surface indicator"}, {"word": "thick on the ground"}, {"word": "thin on the ground"}, {"word": "Tom Tidler's ground"}, {"word": "Tommy Tiddler's ground"}, {"word": "underground"}, {"word": "Underground"}, {"word": "work into the ground"}, {"word": "worship the ground someone walks on"}, {"english": "ground", "urls": ["https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Category:%7B%7Blangname%7Cen%7D%7D+lemmas&from=ground#mw-pages"], "word": "English terms starting with"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "inh", "3": "enm>ground>surface", "id": "earth", "tree": "1"}, "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European gʰrem-der.\nProto-Germanic grunduz\nOld English grund\nMiddle English ground\nEnglish ground", "name": "etymon"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "ground"}, "expansion": "Middle English ground", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "grund"}, "expansion": "Old English grund", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "grunduz"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic grunduz", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "grûn"}, "expansion": "West Frisian grûn", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "grond"}, "expansion": "Dutch grond", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Grund"}, "expansion": "German Grund", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European gʰrem-der.\nProto-Germanic grunduz\nOld English grund\nMiddle English ground\nEnglish ground\nFrom Middle English ground, from Old English grund, from Proto-Germanic grunduz. Cognate with West Frisian grûn, Dutch grond and German Grund.", "forms": [{"form": "grounds", "tags": ["plural"]}, {"form": "GND", "tags": ["alternative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "ground (countable and uncountable, plural grounds)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyponyms": [{"word": "break ground"}, {"word": "breeding ground"}, {"word": "burial ground"}, {"word": "campground"}, {"word": "camping ground"}, {"word": "common ground"}, {"word": "cricket ground"}, {"word": "cumber ground"}, {"word": "fairground"}, {"word": "gain ground"}, {"word": "give ground"}, {"word": "high ground"}, {"word": "home ground"}, {"word": "lose ground"}, {"word": "middle ground"}, {"word": "moral high ground"}, {"word": "neutral ground"}, {"word": "parade ground"}, {"word": "picnic ground"}, {"word": "pleasure ground"}, {"word": "proving ground"}, {"word": "school ground"}, {"word": "shooting ground"}, {"word": "showground"}, {"word": "singing ground"}, {"word": "solid ground"}, {"word": "sports ground"}, {"word": "stamping ground"}, {"word": "stomping ground"}, {"word": "teeing ground"}, {"word": "testing ground"}, {"word": "training ground"}, {"word": "vantage ground"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [{"word": "floor"}, {"word": "terra firma"}], "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Look, I found a ten dollar bill on the ground!", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXIII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:", "text": "If the afternoon was fine they strolled together in the park, very slowly, and with pauses to draw breath wherever the ground sloped upward. The slightest effort made the patient cough.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1977, Agatha Christie, chapter 4, in An Autobiography, part II, London: Collins, →ISBN:", "text": "Mind you, clothes were clothes in those days. […] Frills, ruffles, flounces, lace, complicated seams and gores: not only did they sweep the ground and have to be held up in one hand elegantly as you walked along, but they had little capes or coats or feather boas.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013 June 8, “The new masters and commanders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 52:", "text": "From the ground, Colombo’s port does not look like much. Those entering it are greeted by wire fences, walls dating back to colonial times and security posts.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The surface of the Earth, as opposed to the sky or water or underground."], "links": [["surface", "surface"], ["Earth", "Earth"], ["sky", "sky"], ["water", "water"], ["underground", "underground"]], "senseid": ["en:surface of the Earth"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English uncountable nouns"], "examples": [{"ref": "1971, “The development of terrain following radar: an account of the progress made with an airborne guidance system for low flying military aircraft”, in Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology:", "text": "As the terrain-following radar scans the ground ahead of the aircraft the actual clearance height is measured by the radio altimeter.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Terrain."], "links": [["Terrain", "terrain"]], "raw_glosses": ["(uncountable) Terrain."], "tags": ["uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The worm crawls through the ground.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Soil, earth."], "links": [["Soil", "soil"], ["earth", "earth"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English countable nouns"], "glosses": ["The bottom of a body of water."], "links": [["bottom", "bottom"], ["water", "water"]], "raw_glosses": ["(countable) The bottom of a body of water."], "tags": ["countable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1503–1512, John Skelton, Ware the Hauke; republished in John Scattergood, editor, John Skelton: The Complete English Poems, 1983, →OCLC, page 62, lines 11–14:", "text": "Wyth cry unreverent,\nBefore the sacrament,\nWythin the holy church bowndis,\nThat of our fayth the grownd is.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1840, Lewis Rose, chapter III, in An Humble Attempt to Put an End to the Present Divisions in the Church of Scotland, and to Promote Her Usefulness. […] , Glasgow: George Gallie, →OCLC, page 51:", "text": "[B]e the consequences what they may, they shall not move an inch, nor a hair's-breadth from the ground of their groundless spiritual independence, […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Basis, foundation, groundwork, legwork."], "links": [["Basis", "basis"], ["foundation", "foundation"], ["groundwork", "groundwork"], ["legwork", "legwork"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "You will need to show good grounds for your action.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He could not come on grounds of health, or on health grounds.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Reason, (epistemic) justification, cause."], "links": [["Reason", "reason#English"], ["epistemic", "epistemic"], ["justification", "justification#English"], ["cause", "cause#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(chiefly in the plural) Reason, (epistemic) justification, cause."], "tags": ["countable", "in-plural", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["Background, context, framework, surroundings."], "links": [["Background", "background"], ["context", "context"], ["framework", "framework"], ["surrounding", "surrounding"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with historical senses"], "glosses": ["The area on which a battle is fought, particularly as referring to the area occupied by one side or the other. Often, according to the eventualities, \"to give ground\" or \"to gain ground\"."], "raw_glosses": ["(historical) The area on which a battle is fought, particularly as referring to the area occupied by one side or the other. Often, according to the eventualities, \"to give ground\" or \"to gain ground\"."], "tags": ["countable", "historical", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["Advantage given or gained in any contest; e.g. in football, chess, debate or academic discourse."], "raw_glosses": ["(figurative, by extension) Advantage given or gained in any contest; e.g. in football, chess, debate or academic discourse."], "tags": ["broadly", "countable", "figuratively", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "a forest traditionally used as a hunting-ground", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1876, Parliamentary Papers, volume 14, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, page 147:", "text": "I gather from your last answer that at the present time the constabulary, to a certain extent, is good recruiting ground for the army?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A place suited to a specified activity."], "raw_glosses": ["(in combination) A place suited to a specified activity."], "tags": ["countable", "in-compounds", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "crimson flowers on a white ground", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1819, Abraham Rees, The Cyclopædia:", "text": "[…] to pad a piece in diluted acetate of alumine to obtain a pale lemon ground […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1941 December, “The Why and the Wherefore: Cornish names of G.W.R. locomotives”, in Railway Magazine, page 575:", "text": "One and All is the motto of the County of Cornwall, used below the coat-of-arms, which is a shield embracing fifteen bezants, or golden roundels, on a black ground; [...].", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The plain surface upon which the figures of an artistic composition are set."], "links": [["plain", "plain"], ["surface", "surface"], ["figure", "figure"], ["artistic", "artistic"], ["composition", "composition"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["en:Sculpture"], "glosses": ["A flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief."], "links": [["sculpture", "sculpture"]], "qualifier": "sculpture", "raw_glosses": ["(sculpture) A flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"examples": [{"text": "Brussels ground"}], "glosses": ["The net of small meshes upon which the embroidered pattern is applied."], "links": [["point lace", "point lace"]], "qualifier": "point lace", "raw_glosses": ["(point lace) The net of small meshes upon which the embroidered pattern is applied."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["A gummy substance spread over the surface of a metal to be etched, to prevent the acid from eating except where an opening is made by the needle."], "links": [["gummy", "gummy"]], "qualifier": "etching", "raw_glosses": ["(etching) A gummy substance spread over the surface of a metal to be etched, to prevent the acid from eating except where an opening is made by the needle."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Architecture"], "examples": [{"text": "Grounds are usually put up first and the plastering floated flush with them.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["One of the pieces of wood, flush with the plastering, to which mouldings etc. are attached."], "links": [["architecture", "architecture"], ["flush", "flush"], ["moulding", "moulding"]], "raw_glosses": ["(architecture, chiefly in the plural) One of the pieces of wood, flush with the plastering, to which mouldings etc. are attached."], "tags": ["countable", "in-plural", "uncountable"], "topics": ["architecture"]}, {"categories": ["British English", "English countable nouns", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Manchester United's ground is known as Old Trafford.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["A soccer stadium."], "links": [["soccer", "soccer"], ["stadium", "stadium"]], "raw_glosses": ["(countable, UK) A soccer stadium."], "tags": ["UK", "countable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Electricity"], "examples": [{"ref": "1961, “GROUND”, in The International Dictionary of Physics and Electronics, 2nd edition, Princeton, NJ: D. Van Nostrand, page 539:", "text": "А ground may be undesirable, inadvertent, or accidental path taken by an electrical current; or it may be the deliberate provision of conductors well connected to the ground by means of plates buried therein, or similar device.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["An electrical conductor connected to the earth, or a large conductor whose electrical potential is taken as zero (such as a steel chassis)."], "links": [["electricity", "electricity"], ["conductor", "conductor#English"], ["potential", "potential#English"], ["zero", "zero#English"], ["steel", "steel#English"], ["chassis", "chassis#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(electricity) An electrical conductor connected to the earth, or a large conductor whose electrical potential is taken as zero (such as a steel chassis)."], "senseid": ["en:Q6501125"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["business", "electrical-engineering", "electricity", "electromagnetism", "energy", "engineering", "natural-sciences", "physical-sciences", "physics"], "wikidata": ["Q6501125"]}, {"categories": ["Philippine English", "en:Electricity"], "glosses": ["Electric shock."], "links": [["electricity", "electricity"], ["Electric shock", "electric shock"]], "raw_glosses": ["(electricity, Philippines) Electric shock."], "tags": ["Philippines", "countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["business", "electrical-engineering", "electricity", "electromagnetism", "energy", "engineering", "natural-sciences", "physical-sciences", "physics"]}, {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "en:Cricket"], "glosses": ["The area of grass on which a match is played (a cricket field); the entire arena in which it is played; the part of the field behind a batsman's popping crease where he can not be run out (hence to make one's ground)."], "links": [["cricket", "cricket"], ["area", "area"], ["grass", "grass"], ["match", "match"], ["played", "played"], ["field", "field"], ["arena", "arena"], ["batsman", "batsman"], ["popping crease", "popping crease"], ["run out", "run out"]], "raw_glosses": ["(countable, cricket) The area of grass on which a match is played (a cricket field); the entire arena in which it is played; the part of the field behind a batsman's popping crease where he can not be run out (hence to make one's ground)."], "tags": ["countable"], "topics": ["ball-games", "cricket", "games", "hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"categories": ["en:Music"], "glosses": ["A composition in which the bass, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a varying melody."], "links": [["music", "music"]], "raw_glosses": ["(music) A composition in which the bass, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a varying melody."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["entertainment", "lifestyle", "music"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Music"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene vii]:", "text": "Buck[ingham] The Mayor is here at hand; pretend ſome fear, // Be not you ſpoke with, but by mighty ſuit; // And look you get a prayer-book in your hand, // And ſtand between two churchmen, good my lord, // For on that ground I’ll build a holy deſcant: // And be not eaſily won to our requeſts: // Play the maid’s part, ſtill anſwer nay, and take it.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song."], "links": [["music", "music"], ["descant", "descant"]], "raw_glosses": ["(music) The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["entertainment", "lifestyle", "music"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1614 November 10 (first performance; Gregorian calendar), Beniamin Iohnson [i.e., Ben Jonson], Bartholmew Fayre: A Comedie, […], London: […] I[ohn] B[eale] for Robert Allot, […], published 1631, →OCLC, (please specify the page):", "text": "the understanding gentlemen o' the ground here ask'd my judgment", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The pit of a theatre."], "links": [["pit", "pit"], ["theatre", "theatre"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations", "Indian English", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1885, Manual of the Administration of the Madras Presidency, page 515:", "text": "It is sub-divided into annas (or 16ths), of 3,600 square feet each; or when the land is for building purposes, into grounds (munnies) of 1/24 of a cawny each, as in the town of Madras.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Synonym of munny (“land measure”)"], "links": [["munny", "munny#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(India, obsolete) Synonym of munny (“land measure”)"], "synonyms": [{"extra": "land measure", "tags": ["synonym", "synonym-of"], "word": "munny"}], "tags": ["India", "countable", "obsolete", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ɡɹaʊnd/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-us-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg/En-us-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-au-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg/En-au-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-aʊnd"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["British"], "topics": ["electricity", "electrical-engineering", "electromagnetism", "energy", "business", "physics", "physical-sciences", "natural-sciences", "engineering"], "word": "earth"}], "translations": [{"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "faqja"}, {"code": "apw", "lang": "Western Apache", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "niʼ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔarḍ", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "أَرْض"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "getin", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "գետին"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "yer"}, {"code": "bal", "lang": "Baluchi", "roman": "zamín", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "زمین"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zjamljá", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "зямля́"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "hrunt", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "грунт"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zemjá", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земя́"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "terra"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sòl"}, {"code": "ccc", "lang": "Chamicuro", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "c̈hijta"}, {"code": "ce", "lang": "Chechen", "roman": "latta", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "латта"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "di", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "ди"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dì", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "地"}, {"code": "cop", "lang": "Coptic", "roman": "iten", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ⲓⲧⲉⲛ"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "země"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "grond"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bodem"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "tero"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "tꜣ", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "tA:N23Z1"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "maanpinta"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "maa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sol"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terre"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "mic̣a", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "მიწა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "xmeleti", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ხმელეთი"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Erde"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Erdboden"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Land"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Grund"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Boden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "édafos", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "έδαφος"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "édaphos", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "ἔδαφος"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "קרקע"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "karká", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "קַרְקַע"}, {"code": "mba", "lang": "Higaonon", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "bugta"}, {"code": "hil", "lang": "Hiligaynon", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "duta"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "zamīn", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ज़मीन"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "bhūtal", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "भूतल"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "föld"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "talamh"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "suolo"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "superficie"}, {"alt": "ち", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "chi", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "地"}, {"alt": "つち", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "tsuchi", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "土"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["informal"], "word": "lemah"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["krama"], "word": "siti"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "dəy", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ដី"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ttang", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "땅"}, {"code": "ky", "lang": "Kyrgyz", "roman": "jer", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "жер"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "din", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ດິນ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "solum"}, {"code": "khb", "lang": "Lü", "roman": "ḋiin", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ᦡᦲᧃ"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "zemja", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земја"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "na", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ᠨᠠ"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "falan", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ᡶᠠᠯᠠᠨ"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "niʼ"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "bakke"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "aki"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ᐊᑭ"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "eorþe"}, {"code": "goh", "lang": "Old High German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "grunt"}, {"code": "roa-opt", "lang": "Old Portuguese", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "chão"}, {"code": "om", "lang": "Oromo", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "dachee"}, {"code": "om", "lang": "Oromo", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "lafa"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "zamin", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "زَمین"}, {"code": "pdt", "lang": "Plautdietsch", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Grunt"}, {"code": "pdt", "lang": "Plautdietsch", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Ieed"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ziemia"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "grunt"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "solo"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "chão"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "sol"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter", "plural"], "word": "pământ"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zemljá", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земля́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "grunt", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "грунт"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "bhūtala", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "भूतल"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "feminine"], "word": "зѐмља"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["Roman", "feminine"], "word": "zèmlja"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "solu"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "zem"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "zemlja"}, {"code": "alt", "lang": "Southern Altai", "roman": "ǰer", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "јер"}, {"code": "alt", "lang": "Southern Altai", "roman": "tobrak", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "тобрак"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "suelo"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tierra"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "huello"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "backe"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "mark"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "lupa"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "zamin", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "замин"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "din", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ดิน"}, {"code": "xto", "lang": "Tocharian A", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "tkaṃ"}, {"code": "txb", "lang": "Tocharian B", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "keṃ"}, {"code": "uga", "lang": "Ugaritic", "roman": "ảrṣ", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "𐎀𐎗𐎕"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zemljá", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земля́"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "grunt", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ґрунт"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "zamīn", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "زَمِین"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bhūtal", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "بُھوتَل"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "grûn"}, {"code": "wyi", "lang": "Woiwurrung", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "biik"}, {"code": "yxg", "lang": "Yagara", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "dhagun"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "dhe"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "toka"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔarḍ", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "أَرْض"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "hoġ", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "հող"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "pimintu"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "torpaq"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zjamljá", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "зямля́"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zemjá", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земя́"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "mre", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "မြေ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "tǔ", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "土"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dì", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "地"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "tǔrǎng", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "土壤"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tara"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tiara"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "grond"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "aarde"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "maaperä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "maa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terre"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tiere"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "chan"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "niadagi", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "ნიადაგი"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "mic̣a", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "მიწა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Erde"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Boden"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Erdreich"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "édafos", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "έδαφος"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "édaphos", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "ἔδαφος"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "gê", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "γῆ"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "khthṓn", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "χθών"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "tè"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "zamīn", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ज़मीन"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "föld"}, {"code": "hu", "english": "soil", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "talaj"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "tanah"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "gruntti"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "maa"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "talamh"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"alt": "つち", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "tsuchi", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "土"}, {"alt": "ち", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "chi", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "地"}, {"alt": "どじょう", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dojō", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "土壌"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["informal"], "word": "lemah"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["krama"], "word": "siti"}, {"code": "kea", "lang": "Kabuverdianu", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "txon"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "dəy", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "ដី"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ttang", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "땅"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "heuk", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "흙"}, {"alt": "土壤", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "toyang", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "토양"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "din", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "ດິນ"}, {"code": "lmo", "lang": "Lombard", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tera"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "zémja", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "зе́мја"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "art"}, {"code": "mhr", "lang": "Eastern Mari", "roman": "avarok", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "аварок"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tèrra"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "eorþe"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "zamin", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "زَمین"}, {"code": "pdt", "lang": "Plautdietsch", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Ieed"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ziemia"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "gleba"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "solo"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "pământ"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zemljá", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земля́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "póčva", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "по́чва"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "grunt", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "грунт"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "talamh"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ùir"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zem"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pôda"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tierra"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "jord"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "mark"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "din", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "ดิน"}, {"code": "xto", "lang": "Tocharian A", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "tkaṃ"}, {"code": "txb", "lang": "Tocharian B", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "keṃ"}, {"code": "uga", "lang": "Ugaritic", "roman": "ảrṣ", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "𐎀𐎗𐎕"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "zamīn", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "زَمِین"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "hatak", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "հատակ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "dib"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "dno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дно"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "dǎ́no", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дъ́но"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fons"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǐbù", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "底部"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǐ", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "底"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "dno"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "bodem"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "pohja"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "as navigational hazard", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "kari"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fond"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Grund"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "vythós", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "βυθός"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "fenék"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "note": "of a sea", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "tengerfenék"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "talamh"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fondo"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "badak", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "바닥"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "dno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дно"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "dŭno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "neuter"], "word": "дъно"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "dŭno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дъно"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "dno"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "grunt"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fundo"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "dno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дно"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "neuter"], "word": "дно̏"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["Roman", "neuter"], "word": "dnȍ"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "dno"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "dno"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fondo"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дно"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "himkʻ", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "հիմք"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "əsas"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "osnóva", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "осно́ва"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "báza", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ба́за"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "základ"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ondergrond"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "perustus"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "perusta"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "base"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "fondation"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Grundfeste"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "édafos", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "έδαφος"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "alap"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "base"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "fondamenta"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "batang", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "바탕"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "podstawa"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "baza"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fundamento"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "osnóva", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "осно́ва"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "báza", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ба́за"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "základ"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fondo"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fundamento"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "base"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "reason, justification, cause.", "word": "syy"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "reason, justification, cause.", "word": "peruste"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "fon"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "zəmin"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "fon", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "фон"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "achtergrond"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["plural"], "word": "puitteet"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["singular"], "word": "kehys"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["singular"], "word": "runko"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "ympäristö"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Hintergrund"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "alap"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "háttér"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bonn"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "dintorni"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "batang", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "바탕"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "teduri", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "테두리"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "refers to a site or campus or surrounds", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "papa whenua"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "fon", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "фон"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "fondo"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "bakgrund"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "historical: area on which a battle is fought", "word": "taistelukenttä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "advantage given or gained in any contest", "word": "syy"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "place suited to a specified activity", "word": "maaasto"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "place suited to a specified activity", "word": "maa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "plain surface upon which the figures of an artistic composition are set", "word": "tausta"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "sculpture: flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief", "word": "tausta"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "etching: gummy substance spread over the surface of a metal to be etched", "word": "maski"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "malʕab kurat qadam", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "مَلْعَب كُرَة قَدَم"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "terén", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "тере́н"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "camp"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "football stadium", "word": "jalkapallostadion"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "terrain de football"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "terrain"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "football stadium", "word": "pálya"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "football stadium", "word": "futballpálya"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "páirc"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "campo"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "campo"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "póle", "sense": "football stadium", "word": "по́ле"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "campo de futbol"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "torpaqalama"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "torpağa birşəldirilmə"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "yerlə birləşdirmə"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zazemjávane", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "заземя́ване"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "punt de terra"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "jiēdì", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "接地"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dìxiàn", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "地線 /地线"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "jiēdìxiàn", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "接地線 /接地线"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "aarding"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "maajohdin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "maa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terre"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "masse"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Erde"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Masseleitung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "Masseverbindung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "Erdung"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "geíosi", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "γείωση"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "földelés"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "sreang thalmhaithe"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "massa"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"alt": "せっち", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "setchi", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "接地"}, {"alt": "ちせん", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "chisen", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "地線"}, {"alt": "接地", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeopji", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "접지"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "eo'eodeu", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "어어드"}, {"alt": "接地線", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeopjiseon", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "접지선"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "uziemienie"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aterramento"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "împământare"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zazemlénije", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "заземле́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zemljá", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["colloquial", "feminine"], "word": "земля́"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "polo a tierra"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "toma de tierra"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "jord"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "jordledare"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "sayad"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "pit of a theatre", "word": "permanto"}], "wikipedia": ["ground"], "word": "ground"}

ground (noun) ground/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with etymology trees", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular past participles", "English irregular simple past forms", "English lemmas", "English non-lemma forms", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰrem-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English uncountable nouns", "English verb forms", "English verbs", "Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa", "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)", "Entries with translation boxes", "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English terms derived from Old English", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰrem-", "Middle English terms inherited from Old English", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Arabic translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of French translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Japanese translations", "Requests for review of Latin translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Rhymes:English/aʊnd", "Rhymes:English/aʊnd/1 syllable", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Baluchi translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Coptic translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Mari translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Higaonon translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Kabuverdianu translations", "Terms with Kalmyk translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Lü translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Galician-Portuguese translations", "Terms with Old High German translations", "Terms with Oromo translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Southern Altai translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tocharian A translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yagara translations", "enm:Earth"], "derived": [{"word": "above ground"}, {"word": "aboveground"}, {"word": "above-ground"}, {"word": "absorbent ground"}, {"word": "aground"}, {"word": "air-to-ground"}, {"word": "archery ground"}, {"word": "background"}, {"word": "barren-ground caribou"}, {"word": "Battle Ground"}, {"word": "battleground"}, {"word": "battle ground"}, {"word": "belowground"}, {"word": "best on ground"}, {"word": "bootleg ground"}, {"word": "boots on the ground"}, {"word": "bora ground"}, {"word": "break new ground"}, {"word": "bring to ground"}, {"word": "Brussels ground"}, {"word": "Brussels wire ground"}, {"word": "burying ground"}, {"word": "cover ground"}, {"word": "cumberground"}, {"word": "cumber-ground"}, {"word": "cumber ground"}, {"word": "cut the ground from under someone's feet"}, {"word": "dead ground"}, {"word": "drill ground"}, {"word": "drive into the ground"}, {"word": "drive something into the ground"}, {"word": "dumping ground"}, {"word": "ear to the ground"}, {"word": "eyes on the ground"}, {"word": "facts on the ground"}, {"word": "fall on stony ground"}, {"word": "fall to the ground"}, {"word": "feet on the ground"}, {"word": "figure and ground"}, {"word": "fishing ground"}, {"word": "floating ground"}, {"word": "foreground"}, {"word": "the ground up"}, {"word": "gain-ground"}, {"word": "get off the ground"}, {"word": "gill-go-by-the-ground"}, {"word": "gill-over-the-ground"}, {"word": "go to ground"}, {"word": "ground and pound"}, {"word": "ground angling"}, {"word": "ground bailiff"}, {"word": "groundbait"}, {"word": "ground ball"}, {"word": "ground bar"}, {"word": "ground bass"}, {"word": "ground beetle"}, {"word": "ground berry"}, {"word": "ground blizzard"}, {"word": "ground breaker"}, {"word": "ground-breaking"}, {"word": "ground cable"}, {"word": "ground cedar"}, {"word": "ground cherry"}, {"word": "ground clearance"}, {"word": "ground cloth"}, {"word": "ground clutter"}, {"word": "ground control"}, {"word": "ground control point"}, {"word": "ground cover"}, {"word": "ground crew"}, {"word": "groundcrew"}, {"word": "ground cruncher"}, {"word": "ground cuckoo"}, {"taxonomic": "Santolina chamaecyparissus", "word": "ground cypress"}, {"word": "ground dove"}, {"word": "ground effect"}, {"word": "ground elder"}, {"word": "ground failure"}, {"word": "ground fault"}, {"word": "ground finch"}, {"word": "ground fir"}, {"word": "ground fire"}, {"word": "ground fish"}, {"word": "ground floor"}, {"word": "ground-floor"}, {"word": "ground fog"}, {"word": "ground food"}, {"word": "ground forces"}, {"word": "ground frame"}, {"word": "ground frost"}, {"word": "ground game"}, {"word": "ground-glass"}, {"word": "ground hemlock"}, {"word": "ground hog"}, {"word": "groundhog"}, {"word": "ground-hog"}, {"word": "ground hornbill"}, {"word": "ground ice"}, {"word": "ground itch"}, {"word": "ground ivy"}, {"word": "ground-ivy"}, {"word": "ground lamella"}, {"word": "ground laurel"}, {"word": "groundless"}, {"word": "ground level"}, {"word": "groundling"}, {"word": "ground loop"}, {"word": "groundly"}, {"word": "ground-man"}, {"word": "ground man"}, {"word": "ground meristem"}, {"word": "ground mist"}, {"word": "ground-mist"}, {"word": "ground moraine"}, {"word": "ground noise"}, {"word": "ground out"}, {"word": "ground pangolin"}, {"word": "ground pea"}, {"word": "ground pear"}, {"word": "ground pine"}, {"word": "ground plane"}, {"word": "ground plan"}, {"word": "ground-plan"}, {"word": "ground plate"}, {"word": "ground plum"}, {"word": "ground pounder"}, {"word": "ground power"}, {"word": "ground provisions"}, {"word": "ground proximity warning system"}, {"word": "ground rattlesnake"}, {"word": "ground rent"}, {"word": "ground robin"}, {"word": "ground roller"}, {"word": "ground row"}, {"word": "ground rule"}, {"word": "ground-rule"}, {"word": "ground sense"}, {"word": "ground set"}, {"word": "ground-shaker"}, {"word": "ground shark"}, {"word": "ground signal"}, {"word": "ground sloth"}, {"word": "groundsman"}, {"word": "ground snake"}, {"word": "ground speed"}, {"word": "ground spider"}, {"word": "ground squirrel"}, {"word": "ground staff"}, {"word": "ground state"}, {"word": "ground station"}, {"word": "ground stop"}, {"word": "ground-stroke"}, {"word": "ground stroke"}, {"word": "ground substance"}, {"word": "ground swell"}, {"word": "ground tackle"}, {"word": "ground tissue"}, {"word": "ground-to-air"}, {"word": "ground-to-ground"}, {"word": "ground-to-ship"}, {"word": "ground troops"}, {"word": "ground truth"}, {"word": "ground truthing"}, {"word": "ground tyrant"}, {"word": "ground wallah"}, {"word": "ground water"}, {"word": "ground wave"}, {"word": "ground wire"}, {"word": "ground-work"}, {"word": "groundwork"}, {"word": "ground-zero"}, {"word": "ground zero"}, {"word": "happy hunting ground"}, {"word": "hit the ground running"}, {"word": "hold one's ground"}, {"word": "honeycomb ground"}, {"word": "hunting ground"}, {"word": "in the ground"}, {"word": "kiss the ground someone walks on"}, {"word": "know one's ass from a hole in the ground"}, {"word": "know one's head from a hole in the ground"}, {"word": "know someone from a hole in the ground"}, {"word": "know the difference between one's ass and a hole in the ground"}, {"word": "level to the ground"}, {"word": "lost ground"}, {"word": "make ground"}, {"word": "middle-ground"}, {"word": "moral low ground"}, {"word": "native ground"}, {"word": "nuisance ground"}, {"word": "off the ground"}, {"word": "on familiar ground"}, {"word": "on one's own ground"}, {"word": "on shaky ground"}, {"word": "on solid ground"}, {"word": "on the ground"}, {"word": "open ground"}, {"word": "out ground"}, {"word": "overground"}, {"word": "Overground"}, {"word": "prepare the ground"}, {"word": "put facts on the ground"}, {"word": "put in the ground"}, {"word": "recreation ground"}, {"word": "rooted to the ground"}, {"word": "ruddy ground dove"}, {"word": "rufous-vented ground-cuckoo"}, {"word": "run into the ground"}, {"word": "run to ground"}, {"word": "run to the ground"}, {"word": "Saint Croix ground lizard"}, {"word": "schoolground"}, {"word": "sea-ground"}, {"word": "shift ground"}, {"word": "shift one's ground"}, {"word": "ship-to-ground"}, {"word": "Skinner's ground mantis"}, {"word": "soften the ground"}, {"word": "soften up the ground"}, {"word": "spawning ground"}, {"word": "standing ground"}, {"word": "stand one's ground"}, {"word": "stand-your-ground law"}, {"word": "suit down to the ground"}, {"word": "tactile ground surface indicator"}, {"word": "thick on the ground"}, {"word": "thin on the ground"}, {"word": "Tom Tidler's ground"}, {"word": "Tommy Tiddler's ground"}, {"word": "underground"}, {"word": "Underground"}, {"word": "work into the ground"}, {"word": "worship the ground someone walks on"}, {"english": "ground", "urls": ["https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Category:%7B%7Blangname%7Cen%7D%7D+lemmas&from=ground#mw-pages"], "word": "English terms starting with"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "inh", "3": "enm>ground>surface", "id": "earth", "tree": "1"}, "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʰrem-der.\nProto-Germanic *grunduz\nOld English grund\nMiddle English ground\nEnglish ground", "name": "etymon"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "ground"}, "expansion": "Middle English ground", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "grund"}, "expansion": "Old English grund", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*grunduz"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grunduz", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "grûn"}, "expansion": "West Frisian grûn", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "grond"}, "expansion": "Dutch grond", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Grund"}, "expansion": "German Grund", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʰrem-der.\nProto-Germanic *grunduz\nOld English grund\nMiddle English ground\nEnglish ground\nFrom Middle English ground, from Old English grund, from Proto-Germanic *grunduz. Cognate with West Frisian grûn, Dutch grond and German Grund.", "forms": [{"form": "grounds", "tags": ["plural"]}, {"form": "GND", "tags": ["alternative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "ground (countable and uncountable, plural grounds)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyponyms": [{"word": "break ground"}, {"word": "breeding ground"}, {"word": "burial ground"}, {"word": "campground"}, {"word": "camping ground"}, {"word": "common ground"}, {"word": "cricket ground"}, {"word": "cumber ground"}, {"word": "fairground"}, {"word": "gain ground"}, {"word": "give ground"}, {"word": "high ground"}, {"word": "home ground"}, {"word": "lose ground"}, {"word": "middle ground"}, {"word": "moral high ground"}, {"word": "neutral ground"}, {"word": "parade ground"}, {"word": "picnic ground"}, {"word": "pleasure ground"}, {"word": "proving ground"}, {"word": "school ground"}, {"word": "shooting ground"}, {"word": "showground"}, {"word": "singing ground"}, {"word": "solid ground"}, {"word": "sports ground"}, {"word": "stamping ground"}, {"word": "stomping ground"}, {"word": "teeing ground"}, {"word": "testing ground"}, {"word": "training ground"}, {"word": "vantage ground"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [{"word": "floor"}, {"word": "terra firma"}], "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Look, I found a ten dollar bill on the ground!", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXIII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:", "text": "If the afternoon was fine they strolled together in the park, very slowly, and with pauses to draw breath wherever the ground sloped upward. The slightest effort made the patient cough.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1977, Agatha Christie, chapter 4, in An Autobiography, part II, London: Collins, →ISBN:", "text": "Mind you, clothes were clothes in those days. […] Frills, ruffles, flounces, lace, complicated seams and gores: not only did they sweep the ground and have to be held up in one hand elegantly as you walked along, but they had little capes or coats or feather boas.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013 June 8, “The new masters and commanders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 52:", "text": "From the ground, Colombo’s port does not look like much. Those entering it are greeted by wire fences, walls dating back to colonial times and security posts.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The surface of the Earth, as opposed to the sky or water or underground."], "links": [["surface", "surface"], ["Earth", "Earth"], ["sky", "sky"], ["water", "water"], ["underground", "underground"]], "senseid": ["en:surface of the Earth"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English uncountable nouns"], "examples": [{"ref": "1971, “The development of terrain following radar: an account of the progress made with an airborne guidance system for low flying military aircraft”, in Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology:", "text": "As the terrain-following radar scans the ground ahead of the aircraft the actual clearance height is measured by the radio altimeter.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Terrain."], "links": [["Terrain", "terrain"]], "raw_glosses": ["(uncountable) Terrain."], "tags": ["uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The worm crawls through the ground.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Soil, earth."], "links": [["Soil", "soil"], ["earth", "earth"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English countable nouns"], "glosses": ["The bottom of a body of water."], "links": [["bottom", "bottom"], ["water", "water"]], "raw_glosses": ["(countable) The bottom of a body of water."], "tags": ["countable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1503–1512, John Skelton, Ware the Hauke; republished in John Scattergood, editor, John Skelton: The Complete English Poems, 1983, →OCLC, page 62, lines 11–14:", "text": "Wyth cry unreverent,\nBefore the sacrament,\nWythin the holy church bowndis,\nThat of our fayth the grownd is.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1840, Lewis Rose, chapter III, in An Humble Attempt to Put an End to the Present Divisions in the Church of Scotland, and to Promote Her Usefulness. […] , Glasgow: George Gallie, →OCLC, page 51:", "text": "[B]e the consequences what they may, they shall not move an inch, nor a hair's-breadth from the ground of their groundless spiritual independence, […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Basis, foundation, groundwork, legwork."], "links": [["Basis", "basis"], ["foundation", "foundation"], ["groundwork", "groundwork"], ["legwork", "legwork"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "You will need to show good grounds for your action.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He could not come on grounds of health, or on health grounds.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Reason, (epistemic) justification, cause."], "links": [["Reason", "reason#English"], ["epistemic", "epistemic"], ["justification", "justification#English"], ["cause", "cause#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(chiefly in the plural) Reason, (epistemic) justification, cause."], "tags": ["countable", "in-plural", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["Background, context, framework, surroundings."], "links": [["Background", "background"], ["context", "context"], ["framework", "framework"], ["surrounding", "surrounding"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with historical senses"], "glosses": ["The area on which a battle is fought, particularly as referring to the area occupied by one side or the other. Often, according to the eventualities, \"to give ground\" or \"to gain ground\"."], "raw_glosses": ["(historical) The area on which a battle is fought, particularly as referring to the area occupied by one side or the other. Often, according to the eventualities, \"to give ground\" or \"to gain ground\"."], "tags": ["countable", "historical", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["Advantage given or gained in any contest; e.g. in football, chess, debate or academic discourse."], "raw_glosses": ["(figurative, by extension) Advantage given or gained in any contest; e.g. in football, chess, debate or academic discourse."], "tags": ["broadly", "countable", "figuratively", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "a forest traditionally used as a hunting-ground", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1876, Parliamentary Papers, volume 14, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, page 147:", "text": "I gather from your last answer that at the present time the constabulary, to a certain extent, is good recruiting ground for the army?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A place suited to a specified activity."], "raw_glosses": ["(in combination) A place suited to a specified activity."], "tags": ["countable", "in-compounds", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "crimson flowers on a white ground", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1819, Abraham Rees, The Cyclopædia:", "text": "[…] to pad a piece in diluted acetate of alumine to obtain a pale lemon ground […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1941 December, “The Why and the Wherefore: Cornish names of G.W.R. locomotives”, in Railway Magazine, page 575:", "text": "One and All is the motto of the County of Cornwall, used below the coat-of-arms, which is a shield embracing fifteen bezants, or golden roundels, on a black ground; [...].", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The plain surface upon which the figures of an artistic composition are set."], "links": [["plain", "plain"], ["surface", "surface"], ["figure", "figure"], ["artistic", "artistic"], ["composition", "composition"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["en:Sculpture"], "glosses": ["A flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief."], "links": [["sculpture", "sculpture"]], "qualifier": "sculpture", "raw_glosses": ["(sculpture) A flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"examples": [{"text": "Brussels ground"}], "glosses": ["The net of small meshes upon which the embroidered pattern is applied."], "links": [["point lace", "point lace"]], "qualifier": "point lace", "raw_glosses": ["(point lace) The net of small meshes upon which the embroidered pattern is applied."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["A gummy substance spread over the surface of a metal to be etched, to prevent the acid from eating except where an opening is made by the needle."], "links": [["gummy", "gummy"]], "qualifier": "etching", "raw_glosses": ["(etching) A gummy substance spread over the surface of a metal to be etched, to prevent the acid from eating except where an opening is made by the needle."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Architecture"], "examples": [{"text": "Grounds are usually put up first and the plastering floated flush with them.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["One of the pieces of wood, flush with the plastering, to which mouldings etc. are attached."], "links": [["architecture", "architecture"], ["flush", "flush"], ["moulding", "moulding"]], "raw_glosses": ["(architecture, chiefly in the plural) One of the pieces of wood, flush with the plastering, to which mouldings etc. are attached."], "tags": ["countable", "in-plural", "uncountable"], "topics": ["architecture"]}, {"categories": ["British English", "English countable nouns", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Manchester United's ground is known as Old Trafford.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["A soccer stadium."], "links": [["soccer", "soccer"], ["stadium", "stadium"]], "raw_glosses": ["(countable, UK) A soccer stadium."], "tags": ["UK", "countable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Electricity"], "examples": [{"ref": "1961, “GROUND”, in The International Dictionary of Physics and Electronics, 2nd edition, Princeton, NJ: D. Van Nostrand, page 539:", "text": "А ground may be undesirable, inadvertent, or accidental path taken by an electrical current; or it may be the deliberate provision of conductors well connected to the ground by means of plates buried therein, or similar device.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["An electrical conductor connected to the earth, or a large conductor whose electrical potential is taken as zero (such as a steel chassis)."], "links": [["electricity", "electricity"], ["conductor", "conductor#English"], ["potential", "potential#English"], ["zero", "zero#English"], ["steel", "steel#English"], ["chassis", "chassis#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(electricity) An electrical conductor connected to the earth, or a large conductor whose electrical potential is taken as zero (such as a steel chassis)."], "senseid": ["en:Q6501125"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["business", "electrical-engineering", "electricity", "electromagnetism", "energy", "engineering", "natural-sciences", "physical-sciences", "physics"], "wikidata": ["Q6501125"]}, {"categories": ["Philippine English", "en:Electricity"], "glosses": ["Electric shock."], "links": [["electricity", "electricity"], ["Electric shock", "electric shock"]], "raw_glosses": ["(electricity, Philippines) Electric shock."], "tags": ["Philippines", "countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["business", "electrical-engineering", "electricity", "electromagnetism", "energy", "engineering", "natural-sciences", "physical-sciences", "physics"]}, {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "en:Cricket"], "glosses": ["The area of grass on which a match is played (a cricket field); the entire arena in which it is played; the part of the field behind a batsman's popping crease where he can not be run out (hence to make one's ground)."], "links": [["cricket", "cricket"], ["area", "area"], ["grass", "grass"], ["match", "match"], ["played", "played"], ["field", "field"], ["arena", "arena"], ["batsman", "batsman"], ["popping crease", "popping crease"], ["run out", "run out"]], "raw_glosses": ["(countable, cricket) The area of grass on which a match is played (a cricket field); the entire arena in which it is played; the part of the field behind a batsman's popping crease where he can not be run out (hence to make one's ground)."], "tags": ["countable"], "topics": ["ball-games", "cricket", "games", "hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"categories": ["en:Music"], "glosses": ["A composition in which the bass, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a varying melody."], "links": [["music", "music"]], "raw_glosses": ["(music) A composition in which the bass, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a varying melody."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["entertainment", "lifestyle", "music"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Music"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene vii]:", "text": "Buck[ingham] The Mayor is here at hand; pretend ſome fear, // Be not you ſpoke with, but by mighty ſuit; // And look you get a prayer-book in your hand, // And ſtand between two churchmen, good my lord, // For on that ground I’ll build a holy deſcant: // And be not eaſily won to our requeſts: // Play the maid’s part, ſtill anſwer nay, and take it.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song."], "links": [["music", "music"], ["descant", "descant"]], "raw_glosses": ["(music) The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["entertainment", "lifestyle", "music"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1614 November 10 (first performance; Gregorian calendar), Beniamin Iohnson [i.e., Ben Jonson], Bartholmew Fayre: A Comedie, […], London: […] I[ohn] B[eale] for Robert Allot, […], published 1631, →OCLC, (please specify the page):", "text": "the understanding gentlemen o' the ground here ask'd my judgment", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The pit of a theatre."], "links": [["pit", "pit"], ["theatre", "theatre"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations", "Indian English", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1885, Manual of the Administration of the Madras Presidency, page 515:", "text": "It is sub-divided into annas (or 16ths), of 3,600 square feet each; or when the land is for building purposes, into grounds (munnies) of 1/24 of a cawny each, as in the town of Madras.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Synonym of munny (“land measure”)"], "links": [["munny", "munny#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(India, obsolete) Synonym of munny (“land measure”)"], "synonyms": [{"extra": "land measure", "tags": ["synonym", "synonym-of"], "word": "munny"}], "tags": ["India", "countable", "obsolete", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ɡɹaʊnd/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-us-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg/En-us-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/En-us-ground.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-au-ground.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg/En-au-ground.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/En-au-ground.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-aʊnd"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["British"], "topics": ["electricity", "electrical-engineering", "electromagnetism", "energy", "business", "physics", "physical-sciences", "natural-sciences", "engineering"], "word": "earth"}], "translations": [{"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "faqja"}, {"code": "apw", "lang": "Western Apache", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "niʼ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔarḍ", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "أَرْض"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "getin", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "գետին"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "yer"}, {"code": "bal", "lang": "Baluchi", "roman": "zamín", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "زمین"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zjamljá", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "зямля́"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "hrunt", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "грунт"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zemjá", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земя́"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "terra"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sòl"}, {"code": "ccc", "lang": "Chamicuro", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "c̈hijta"}, {"code": "ce", "lang": "Chechen", "roman": "latta", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "латта"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "di", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "ди"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dì", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "地"}, {"code": "cop", "lang": "Coptic", "roman": "iten", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ⲓⲧⲉⲛ"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "země"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "grond"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bodem"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "tero"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "tꜣ", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "tA:N23*Z1"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "maanpinta"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "maa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sol"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terre"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "mic̣a", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "მიწა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "xmeleti", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ხმელეთი"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Erde"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Erdboden"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Land"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Grund"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Boden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "édafos", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "έδαφος"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "édaphos", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "ἔδαφος"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "קרקע"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "karká", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "קַרְקַע"}, {"code": "mba", "lang": "Higaonon", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "bugta"}, {"code": "hil", "lang": "Hiligaynon", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "duta"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "zamīn", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ज़मीन"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "bhūtal", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "भूतल"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "föld"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "talamh"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "suolo"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "superficie"}, {"alt": "ち", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "chi", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "地"}, {"alt": "つち", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "tsuchi", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "土"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["informal"], "word": "lemah"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["krama"], "word": "siti"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "dəy", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ដី"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ttang", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "땅"}, {"code": "ky", "lang": "Kyrgyz", "roman": "jer", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "жер"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "din", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ດິນ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "solum"}, {"code": "khb", "lang": "Lü", "roman": "ḋiin", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ᦡᦲᧃ"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "zemja", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земја"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "na", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ᠨᠠ"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "falan", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ᡶᠠᠯᠠᠨ"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "niʼ"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "bakke"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "aki"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ᐊᑭ"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "eorþe"}, {"code": "goh", "lang": "Old High German", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "grunt"}, {"code": "roa-opt", "lang": "Old Portuguese", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "chão"}, {"code": "om", "lang": "Oromo", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "dachee"}, {"code": "om", "lang": "Oromo", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "lafa"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "zamin", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "زَمین"}, {"code": "pdt", "lang": "Plautdietsch", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Grunt"}, {"code": "pdt", "lang": "Plautdietsch", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Ieed"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ziemia"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "grunt"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "solo"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "chão"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "sol"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["neuter", "plural"], "word": "pământ"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zemljá", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земля́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "grunt", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "грунт"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "bhūtala", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "भूतल"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "feminine"], "word": "зѐмља"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["Roman", "feminine"], "word": "zèmlja"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "solu"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "zem"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "zemlja"}, {"code": "alt", "lang": "Southern Altai", "roman": "ǰer", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "јер"}, {"code": "alt", "lang": "Southern Altai", "roman": "tobrak", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "тобрак"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "suelo"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tierra"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "huello"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "backe"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "mark"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "lupa"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "zamin", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "замин"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "din", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "ดิน"}, {"code": "xto", "lang": "Tocharian A", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "tkaṃ"}, {"code": "txb", "lang": "Tocharian B", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "keṃ"}, {"code": "uga", "lang": "Ugaritic", "roman": "ảrṣ", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "𐎀𐎗𐎕"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zemljá", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земля́"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "grunt", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ґрунт"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "zamīn", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "زَمِین"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bhūtal", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "بُھوتَل"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "grûn"}, {"code": "wyi", "lang": "Woiwurrung", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "biik"}, {"code": "yxg", "lang": "Yagara", "sense": "surface of the Earth", "word": "dhagun"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "dhe"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "toka"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔarḍ", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "أَرْض"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "hoġ", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "հող"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "pimintu"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "torpaq"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zjamljá", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "зямля́"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zemjá", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земя́"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "mre", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "မြေ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "tǔ", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "土"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dì", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "地"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "tǔrǎng", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "土壤"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tara"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tiara"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "grond"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "aarde"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "maaperä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "maa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terre"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tiere"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "chan"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "niadagi", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "ნიადაგი"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "mic̣a", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "მიწა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Erde"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Boden"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Erdreich"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "édafos", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "έδαφος"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "édaphos", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "ἔδαφος"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "gê", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "γῆ"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "khthṓn", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "χθών"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "tè"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "zamīn", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ज़मीन"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "föld"}, {"code": "hu", "english": "soil", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "talaj"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "tanah"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "gruntti"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "maa"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "talamh"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"alt": "つち", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "tsuchi", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "土"}, {"alt": "ち", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "chi", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "地"}, {"alt": "どじょう", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dojō", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "土壌"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["informal"], "word": "lemah"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["krama"], "word": "siti"}, {"code": "kea", "lang": "Kabuverdianu", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "txon"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "dəy", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "ដី"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ttang", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "땅"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "heuk", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "흙"}, {"alt": "土壤", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "toyang", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "토양"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "din", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "ດິນ"}, {"code": "lmo", "lang": "Lombard", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tera"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "zémja", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "зе́мја"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "art"}, {"code": "mhr", "lang": "Eastern Mari", "roman": "avarok", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "аварок"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tèrra"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "eorþe"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "zamin", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "زَمین"}, {"code": "pdt", "lang": "Plautdietsch", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Ieed"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ziemia"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "gleba"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "solo"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "pământ"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zemljá", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "земля́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "póčva", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "по́чва"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "grunt", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "грунт"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "talamh"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ùir"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zem"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "pôda"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "tierra"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "jord"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "mark"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "din", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "ดิน"}, {"code": "xto", "lang": "Tocharian A", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "tkaṃ"}, {"code": "txb", "lang": "Tocharian B", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "keṃ"}, {"code": "uga", "lang": "Ugaritic", "roman": "ảrṣ", "sense": "soil, earth", "word": "𐎀𐎗𐎕"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "zamīn", "sense": "soil, earth", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "زَمِین"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "hatak", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "հատակ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "dib"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "dno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дно"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "dǎ́no", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дъ́но"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fons"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǐbù", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "底部"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǐ", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "底"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "dno"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "bodem"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "pohja"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "as navigational hazard", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "kari"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fond"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Grund"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "vythós", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "βυθός"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "fenék"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "note": "of a sea", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "tengerfenék"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "talamh"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fondo"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "badak", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "word": "바닥"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "dno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дно"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "dŭno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "neuter"], "word": "дъно"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "dŭno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дъно"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "dno"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "grunt"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fundo"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "dno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дно"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "neuter"], "word": "дно̏"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["Roman", "neuter"], "word": "dnȍ"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "dno"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "dno"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fondo"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dno", "sense": "bottom of a body of water", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "дно"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "himkʻ", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "հիմք"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "əsas"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "osnóva", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "осно́ва"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "báza", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ба́за"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "základ"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ondergrond"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "perustus"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "perusta"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "base"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "fondation"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Grundfeste"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "édafos", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "έδαφος"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "alap"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "base"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "fondamenta"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "batang", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "word": "바탕"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "podstawa"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "baza"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fundamento"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "osnóva", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "осно́ва"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "báza", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ба́за"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "základ"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fondo"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "fundamento"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "base"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "basis, foundation, groundwork", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "grund"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "reason, justification, cause.", "word": "syy"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "reason, justification, cause.", "word": "peruste"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "fon"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "zəmin"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "fon", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "фон"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "achtergrond"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["plural"], "word": "puitteet"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["singular"], "word": "kehys"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["singular"], "word": "runko"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "ympäristö"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Hintergrund"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "alap"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "háttér"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bonn"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "dintorni"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "batang", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "바탕"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "teduri", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "테두리"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "refers to a site or campus or surrounds", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "papa whenua"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "fon", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "фон"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "word": "fondo"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "background, context, framework, surroundings", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "bakgrund"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "historical: area on which a battle is fought", "word": "taistelukenttä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "advantage given or gained in any contest", "word": "syy"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "place suited to a specified activity", "word": "maaasto"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "place suited to a specified activity", "word": "maa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "plain surface upon which the figures of an artistic composition are set", "word": "tausta"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "sculpture: flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief", "word": "tausta"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "etching: gummy substance spread over the surface of a metal to be etched", "word": "maski"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "malʕab kurat qadam", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "مَلْعَب كُرَة قَدَم"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "terén", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "тере́н"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "camp"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "football stadium", "word": "jalkapallostadion"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "terrain de football"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "terrain"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "football stadium", "word": "pálya"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "football stadium", "word": "futballpálya"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "páirc"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "campo"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "campo"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "póle", "sense": "football stadium", "word": "по́ле"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "football stadium", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "campo de futbol"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "torpaqalama"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "torpağa birşəldirilmə"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "yerlə birləşdirmə"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zazemjávane", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "заземя́ване"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "punt de terra"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "jiēdì", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "接地"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dìxiàn", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "地線 /地线"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "jiēdìxiàn", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "接地線 /接地线"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "aarding"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "maajohdin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "maa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terre"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "masse"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Erde"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Masseleitung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "Masseverbindung"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "Erdung"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "geíosi", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "γείωση"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "földelés"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "sreang thalmhaithe"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "massa"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"alt": "せっち", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "setchi", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "接地"}, {"alt": "ちせん", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "chisen", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "地線"}, {"alt": "接地", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeopji", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "접지"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "eo'eodeu", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "어어드"}, {"alt": "接地線", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeopjiseon", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "접지선"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "uziemienie"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "terra"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aterramento"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "împământare"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zazemlénije", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "заземле́ние"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zemljá", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["colloquial", "feminine"], "word": "земля́"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "polo a tierra"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "toma de tierra"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "jord"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "jordledare"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential", "word": "sayad"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "pit of a theatre", "word": "permanto"}], "wikipedia": ["ground"], "word": "ground"}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (ce0be54 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.