English Wiktionary data extraction errors and warnings

buff/English/noun

1: buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle French", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "derived": [{"word": "buff-bellied pipit"}, {"word": "buff-breasted sandpiper"}, {"word": "buff coat"}, {"word": "buffery"}, {"word": "buffhood"}, {"word": "buffish"}, {"word": "buffism"}, {"word": "buff jerkin"}, {"word": "buff nor stye"}, {"word": "buff-tailed bumblebee"}, {"word": "buffware"}, {"word": "buffy"}, {"word": "in the buff"}, {"word": "iron buff"}, {"word": "railbuff"}, {"word": "railway buff"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "buffle", "4": "", "5": "buffalo"}, "expansion": "Middle French buffle (“buffalo”)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From buffe (“leather”), from Middle French buffle (“buffalo”).", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[26, 31]], "ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:", "text": "[…]; but is in a ſuite of buffe […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Undyed leather from the skin of buffalo or similar animals."], "links": [["leather", "leather"], ["buffalo", "buffalo"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["A tool, often one covered with buff leather, used for polishing."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "buff:"}, {"text": "1693, John Dryden (translator), The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis Translated into English Verse, London: Jacob Tonson, Satire 10, lines 307-308, p. 203,\n[…] a Visage rough,\nDeform’d, Unfeatur’d, and a Skin of Buff."}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[29, 33]], "ref": "1929, Dashiell Hammett, chapter 24, in Red Harvest:", "text": "His face changed from tan to buff.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A brownish yellow colour."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[179, 184]], "ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:", "text": "A diuell in an euerlaſting garment hath him ; / On whoſe hard heart is button’d vp with ſteele : / A Feind, a Fairie, pittileſſe and ruffe : / A Wolfe, nay worſe, a fellow all in buffe […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A military coat made of buff leather."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English informal terms", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[20, 24]], "text": "He’s a real history buff. He knows everything there is to know about the civil war.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["A person who is very interested in a particular subject."], "raw_glosses": ["(informal) A person who is very interested in a particular subject."], "synonyms": [{"word": "enthusiast"}, {"word": "aficionado"}, {"word": "fan"}], "tags": ["countable", "informal", "uncountable"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "debuff"}, {"word": "nerf"}], "categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Role-playing games", "en:Video games"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[32, 36]], "text": "I just picked up an epic damage buff! Let's go gank the other team!", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["An effect that makes a character or item stronger."], "links": [["video game", "video game"], ["roleplaying game", "roleplaying game"]], "qualifier": "roleplaying games", "raw_glosses": ["(video games, roleplaying games) An effect that makes a character or item stronger."], "synonyms": [{"word": "revamp"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["video-games"]}, {"categories": ["en:Rail transportation"], "glosses": ["Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."], "links": [["rail transport", "rail transport"], ["Compressive", "compressive"], ["coupler", "coupler"]], "raw_glosses": ["(rail transport) Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["rail-transport", "railways", "transport"]}, {"categories": ["English colloquialisms", "English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[16, 20]], "text": "to strip to the buff", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1880, Thomas Wright, “buff”, in Dictionary of obsolete and provincial English, containing words from the English writers previous to the nineteenth century which are no longer in use, or are not used in the same sense. And words which are now used only in the provincial dialects, volume 1, London: George Bell and Sons, page 265", "text": "To be in buff, is equivalent to being naked.", "type": "quotation"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[129, 133]], "ref": "2021 October 18, Ian Lecklitzner, “The Inevitable Rise of the Work-From-Home Nudist”, in MEL Magazine:", "text": "Not to mention, nudity can be just plain convenient. “Laundry is minimal,” Schulte notes. It also doesn’t hurt that being in the buff spices up his workday.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The bare skin."], "links": [["bare", "bare"], ["skin", "skin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(colloquial) The bare skin."], "senseid": ["en:bare skin"], "tags": ["colloquial", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["The greyish viscid substance constituting the buffy coat."], "links": [["viscid", "viscid"], ["substance", "substance"], ["buffy coat", "buffy coat"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"examples": [{"text": "2014, “Aldergrove’s 856 gang busted, $400,000 in drugs seized,” CBC News, 30 July, 2014,\nPolice say this 20 ton hydraulic jack was used to press mixtures of cocaine and “buff” into brick."}], "glosses": ["Any substance used to dilute (street) drugs in order to increase profits."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "translations": [{"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "word": "liefhebber"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "word": "friikki"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "mordu"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passionné"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aficionado"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Fan"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Enthusiast"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "díograiseoir"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aficionado"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "fantast"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "entusiast"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "ruskeankeltainen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "chamois"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "sárgásbarna"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "bungalan"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "deve tüyü", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "دوه توكی"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "color del ante"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "kyllerfärg"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruñido"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruñimiento"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "bruñidura"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}
1: buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English clippings", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English uncountable nouns", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "etymology_number": 4, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "buffalo"}, "expansion": "Clipping of buffalo", "name": "clipping"}], "etymology_text": "Clipping of buffalo.", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English informal terms", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[10, 14], [16, 20]], "ref": "2006, Bradley Mayhew, Joe Bindloss, Stan Armington, Nepal:", "text": "[…] diced buff (buffalo) meat, usually heavily spiced […]", "type": "quote"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[19, 23], [55, 59], [69, 73], [109, 113], [157, 161]], "ref": "1992, Marilyn Stablein, The Census Taker: Stories of a Traveler in India and Nepal, page 62:", "text": "You will eat water buffalo meat and drink boiled water buffalo milk: buff burgers at Aunt Jane's restaurant, buff mo-mos which are the Tibetan won-tons, and buff steaks at The Globe.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."], "links": [["meat", "meat"], ["buffalo", "buffalo"]], "raw_glosses": ["(informal) A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."], "tags": ["countable", "informal", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}
1: buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Old French", "English verbs", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "derived": [{"word": "blind man's buff"}, {"word": "counterbuff"}, {"word": "rebuff"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "bufer", "4": "", "5": "to cuff, buffet"}, "expansion": "Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”). See buffet (“a blow”).", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "buff (plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[19, 23]], "ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 6:", "text": "Nathless so sore a buff to him it lent / That made him reel.", "type": "quote"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[39, 43]], "ref": "1841, Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Self-Reliance”, in Essays: First Series:", "text": "A man must consider what a blind-man’s-buff is this game of conformity. If I know your sect I anticipate your argument.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A strike; a blow."], "links": [["strike", "strike"], ["blow", "blow"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) A strike; a blow."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}
1: buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "etymology_number": 5, "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "buff (plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"alt_of": [{"extra": "face armor", "word": "buffe"}], "categories": ["English terms with uncommon senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1899, Selected Lives (orig. by Plutarch), page 317", "text": "For they had helmets on their heads, fashioned like wild beast's necks, and strange beavers or buffs to the same, and wore on their helmets great high plumes of feathers, as they had been wings : […]"}], "glosses": ["Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"], "links": [["buffe", "buffe#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(uncommon) Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"], "tags": ["alt-of", "alternative", "uncommon"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}
1: buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-Australian not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle French", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "derived": [{"word": "buff-bellied pipit"}, {"word": "buff-breasted sandpiper"}, {"word": "buff coat"}, {"word": "buffery"}, {"word": "buffhood"}, {"word": "buffish"}, {"word": "buffism"}, {"word": "buff jerkin"}, {"word": "buff nor stye"}, {"word": "buff-tailed bumblebee"}, {"word": "buffware"}, {"word": "buffy"}, {"word": "in the buff"}, {"word": "iron buff"}, {"word": "railbuff"}, {"word": "railway buff"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "buffle", "4": "", "5": "buffalo"}, "expansion": "Middle French buffle (“buffalo”)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From buffe (“leather”), from Middle French buffle (“buffalo”).", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[26, 31]], "ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:", "text": "[…]; but is in a ſuite of buffe […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Undyed leather from the skin of buffalo or similar animals."], "links": [["leather", "leather"], ["buffalo", "buffalo"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["A tool, often one covered with buff leather, used for polishing."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "buff:"}, {"text": "1693, John Dryden (translator), The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis Translated into English Verse, London: Jacob Tonson, Satire 10, lines 307-308, p. 203,\n[…] a Visage rough,\nDeform’d, Unfeatur’d, and a Skin of Buff."}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[29, 33]], "ref": "1929, Dashiell Hammett, chapter 24, in Red Harvest:", "text": "His face changed from tan to buff.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A brownish yellow colour."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[179, 184]], "ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:", "text": "A diuell in an euerlaſting garment hath him ; / On whoſe hard heart is button’d vp with ſteele : / A Feind, a Fairie, pittileſſe and ruffe : / A Wolfe, nay worſe, a fellow all in buffe […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A military coat made of buff leather."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English informal terms", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[20, 24]], "text": "He’s a real history buff. He knows everything there is to know about the civil war.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["A person who is very interested in a particular subject."], "raw_glosses": ["(informal) A person who is very interested in a particular subject."], "synonyms": [{"word": "enthusiast"}, {"word": "aficionado"}, {"word": "fan"}], "tags": ["countable", "informal", "uncountable"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "debuff"}, {"word": "nerf"}], "categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Role-playing games", "en:Video games"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[32, 36]], "text": "I just picked up an epic damage buff! Let's go gank the other team!", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["An effect that makes a character or item stronger."], "links": [["video game", "video game"], ["roleplaying game", "roleplaying game"]], "qualifier": "roleplaying games", "raw_glosses": ["(video games, roleplaying games) An effect that makes a character or item stronger."], "synonyms": [{"word": "revamp"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["video-games"]}, {"categories": ["en:Rail transportation"], "glosses": ["Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."], "links": [["rail transport", "rail transport"], ["Compressive", "compressive"], ["coupler", "coupler"]], "raw_glosses": ["(rail transport) Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["rail-transport", "railways", "transport"]}, {"categories": ["English colloquialisms", "English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[16, 20]], "text": "to strip to the buff", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1880, Thomas Wright, “buff”, in Dictionary of obsolete and provincial English, containing words from the English writers previous to the nineteenth century which are no longer in use, or are not used in the same sense. And words which are now used only in the provincial dialects, volume 1, London: George Bell and Sons, page 265", "text": "To be in buff, is equivalent to being naked.", "type": "quotation"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[129, 133]], "ref": "2021 October 18, Ian Lecklitzner, “The Inevitable Rise of the Work-From-Home Nudist”, in MEL Magazine:", "text": "Not to mention, nudity can be just plain convenient. “Laundry is minimal,” Schulte notes. It also doesn’t hurt that being in the buff spices up his workday.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The bare skin."], "links": [["bare", "bare"], ["skin", "skin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(colloquial) The bare skin."], "senseid": ["en:bare skin"], "tags": ["colloquial", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["The greyish viscid substance constituting the buffy coat."], "links": [["viscid", "viscid"], ["substance", "substance"], ["buffy coat", "buffy coat"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"examples": [{"text": "2014, “Aldergrove’s 856 gang busted, $400,000 in drugs seized,” CBC News, 30 July, 2014,\nPolice say this 20 ton hydraulic jack was used to press mixtures of cocaine and “buff” into brick."}], "glosses": ["Any substance used to dilute (street) drugs in order to increase profits."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "translations": [{"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "word": "liefhebber"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "word": "friikki"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "mordu"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passionné"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aficionado"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Fan"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Enthusiast"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "díograiseoir"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aficionado"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "fantast"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "entusiast"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "ruskeankeltainen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "chamois"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "sárgásbarna"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "bungalan"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "deve tüyü", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "دوه توكی"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "color del ante"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "kyllerfärg"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruñido"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruñimiento"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "bruñidura"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}
1: buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-Australian not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English clippings", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English uncountable nouns", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "etymology_number": 4, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "buffalo"}, "expansion": "Clipping of buffalo", "name": "clipping"}], "etymology_text": "Clipping of buffalo.", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English informal terms", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[10, 14], [16, 20]], "ref": "2006, Bradley Mayhew, Joe Bindloss, Stan Armington, Nepal:", "text": "[…] diced buff (buffalo) meat, usually heavily spiced […]", "type": "quote"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[19, 23], [55, 59], [69, 73], [109, 113], [157, 161]], "ref": "1992, Marilyn Stablein, The Census Taker: Stories of a Traveler in India and Nepal, page 62:", "text": "You will eat water buffalo meat and drink boiled water buffalo milk: buff burgers at Aunt Jane's restaurant, buff mo-mos which are the Tibetan won-tons, and buff steaks at The Globe.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."], "links": [["meat", "meat"], ["buffalo", "buffalo"]], "raw_glosses": ["(informal) A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."], "tags": ["countable", "informal", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}
1: buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-Australian not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Old French", "English verbs", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "derived": [{"word": "blind man's buff"}, {"word": "counterbuff"}, {"word": "rebuff"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "bufer", "4": "", "5": "to cuff, buffet"}, "expansion": "Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”). See buffet (“a blow”).", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "buff (plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[19, 23]], "ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 6:", "text": "Nathless so sore a buff to him it lent / That made him reel.", "type": "quote"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[39, 43]], "ref": "1841, Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Self-Reliance”, in Essays: First Series:", "text": "A man must consider what a blind-man’s-buff is this game of conformity. If I know your sect I anticipate your argument.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A strike; a blow."], "links": [["strike", "strike"], ["blow", "blow"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) A strike; a blow."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}
1: buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-Australian not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "etymology_number": 5, "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "buff (plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"alt_of": [{"extra": "face armor", "word": "buffe"}], "categories": ["English terms with uncommon senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1899, Selected Lives (orig. by Plutarch), page 317", "text": "For they had helmets on their heads, fashioned like wild beast's necks, and strange beavers or buffs to the same, and wore on their helmets great high plumes of feathers, as they had been wings : […]"}], "glosses": ["Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"], "links": [["buffe", "buffe#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(uncommon) Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"], "tags": ["alt-of", "alternative", "uncommon"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}
1: buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag New-Zealand not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle French", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "derived": [{"word": "buff-bellied pipit"}, {"word": "buff-breasted sandpiper"}, {"word": "buff coat"}, {"word": "buffery"}, {"word": "buffhood"}, {"word": "buffish"}, {"word": "buffism"}, {"word": "buff jerkin"}, {"word": "buff nor stye"}, {"word": "buff-tailed bumblebee"}, {"word": "buffware"}, {"word": "buffy"}, {"word": "in the buff"}, {"word": "iron buff"}, {"word": "railbuff"}, {"word": "railway buff"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "buffle", "4": "", "5": "buffalo"}, "expansion": "Middle French buffle (“buffalo”)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From buffe (“leather”), from Middle French buffle (“buffalo”).", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[26, 31]], "ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:", "text": "[…]; but is in a ſuite of buffe […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Undyed leather from the skin of buffalo or similar animals."], "links": [["leather", "leather"], ["buffalo", "buffalo"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["A tool, often one covered with buff leather, used for polishing."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "buff:"}, {"text": "1693, John Dryden (translator), The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis Translated into English Verse, London: Jacob Tonson, Satire 10, lines 307-308, p. 203,\n[…] a Visage rough,\nDeform’d, Unfeatur’d, and a Skin of Buff."}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[29, 33]], "ref": "1929, Dashiell Hammett, chapter 24, in Red Harvest:", "text": "His face changed from tan to buff.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A brownish yellow colour."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[179, 184]], "ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:", "text": "A diuell in an euerlaſting garment hath him ; / On whoſe hard heart is button’d vp with ſteele : / A Feind, a Fairie, pittileſſe and ruffe : / A Wolfe, nay worſe, a fellow all in buffe […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A military coat made of buff leather."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English informal terms", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[20, 24]], "text": "He’s a real history buff. He knows everything there is to know about the civil war.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["A person who is very interested in a particular subject."], "raw_glosses": ["(informal) A person who is very interested in a particular subject."], "synonyms": [{"word": "enthusiast"}, {"word": "aficionado"}, {"word": "fan"}], "tags": ["countable", "informal", "uncountable"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "debuff"}, {"word": "nerf"}], "categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Role-playing games", "en:Video games"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[32, 36]], "text": "I just picked up an epic damage buff! Let's go gank the other team!", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["An effect that makes a character or item stronger."], "links": [["video game", "video game"], ["roleplaying game", "roleplaying game"]], "qualifier": "roleplaying games", "raw_glosses": ["(video games, roleplaying games) An effect that makes a character or item stronger."], "synonyms": [{"word": "revamp"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["video-games"]}, {"categories": ["en:Rail transportation"], "glosses": ["Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."], "links": [["rail transport", "rail transport"], ["Compressive", "compressive"], ["coupler", "coupler"]], "raw_glosses": ["(rail transport) Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["rail-transport", "railways", "transport"]}, {"categories": ["English colloquialisms", "English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[16, 20]], "text": "to strip to the buff", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1880, Thomas Wright, “buff”, in Dictionary of obsolete and provincial English, containing words from the English writers previous to the nineteenth century which are no longer in use, or are not used in the same sense. And words which are now used only in the provincial dialects, volume 1, London: George Bell and Sons, page 265", "text": "To be in buff, is equivalent to being naked.", "type": "quotation"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[129, 133]], "ref": "2021 October 18, Ian Lecklitzner, “The Inevitable Rise of the Work-From-Home Nudist”, in MEL Magazine:", "text": "Not to mention, nudity can be just plain convenient. “Laundry is minimal,” Schulte notes. It also doesn’t hurt that being in the buff spices up his workday.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The bare skin."], "links": [["bare", "bare"], ["skin", "skin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(colloquial) The bare skin."], "senseid": ["en:bare skin"], "tags": ["colloquial", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["The greyish viscid substance constituting the buffy coat."], "links": [["viscid", "viscid"], ["substance", "substance"], ["buffy coat", "buffy coat"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"examples": [{"text": "2014, “Aldergrove’s 856 gang busted, $400,000 in drugs seized,” CBC News, 30 July, 2014,\nPolice say this 20 ton hydraulic jack was used to press mixtures of cocaine and “buff” into brick."}], "glosses": ["Any substance used to dilute (street) drugs in order to increase profits."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "translations": [{"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "word": "liefhebber"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "word": "friikki"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "mordu"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passionné"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aficionado"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Fan"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Enthusiast"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "díograiseoir"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aficionado"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "fantast"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "entusiast"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "ruskeankeltainen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "chamois"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "sárgásbarna"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "bungalan"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "deve tüyü", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "دوه توكی"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "color del ante"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "kyllerfärg"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruñido"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruñimiento"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "bruñidura"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}
1: buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag New-Zealand not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English clippings", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English uncountable nouns", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "etymology_number": 4, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "buffalo"}, "expansion": "Clipping of buffalo", "name": "clipping"}], "etymology_text": "Clipping of buffalo.", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English informal terms", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[10, 14], [16, 20]], "ref": "2006, Bradley Mayhew, Joe Bindloss, Stan Armington, Nepal:", "text": "[…] diced buff (buffalo) meat, usually heavily spiced […]", "type": "quote"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[19, 23], [55, 59], [69, 73], [109, 113], [157, 161]], "ref": "1992, Marilyn Stablein, The Census Taker: Stories of a Traveler in India and Nepal, page 62:", "text": "You will eat water buffalo meat and drink boiled water buffalo milk: buff burgers at Aunt Jane's restaurant, buff mo-mos which are the Tibetan won-tons, and buff steaks at The Globe.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."], "links": [["meat", "meat"], ["buffalo", "buffalo"]], "raw_glosses": ["(informal) A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."], "tags": ["countable", "informal", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}
1: buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag New-Zealand not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Old French", "English verbs", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "derived": [{"word": "blind man's buff"}, {"word": "counterbuff"}, {"word": "rebuff"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "bufer", "4": "", "5": "to cuff, buffet"}, "expansion": "Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”). See buffet (“a blow”).", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "buff (plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[19, 23]], "ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 6:", "text": "Nathless so sore a buff to him it lent / That made him reel.", "type": "quote"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[39, 43]], "ref": "1841, Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Self-Reliance”, in Essays: First Series:", "text": "A man must consider what a blind-man’s-buff is this game of conformity. If I know your sect I anticipate your argument.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A strike; a blow."], "links": [["strike", "strike"], ["blow", "blow"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) A strike; a blow."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}
1: buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag New-Zealand not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "etymology_number": 5, "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "buff (plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"alt_of": [{"extra": "face armor", "word": "buffe"}], "categories": ["English terms with uncommon senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1899, Selected Lives (orig. by Plutarch), page 317", "text": "For they had helmets on their heads, fashioned like wild beast's necks, and strange beavers or buffs to the same, and wore on their helmets great high plumes of feathers, as they had been wings : […]"}], "glosses": ["Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"], "links": [["buffe", "buffe#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(uncommon) Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"], "tags": ["alt-of", "alternative", "uncommon"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}
1: buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Northern-England not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle French", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "derived": [{"word": "buff-bellied pipit"}, {"word": "buff-breasted sandpiper"}, {"word": "buff coat"}, {"word": "buffery"}, {"word": "buffhood"}, {"word": "buffish"}, {"word": "buffism"}, {"word": "buff jerkin"}, {"word": "buff nor stye"}, {"word": "buff-tailed bumblebee"}, {"word": "buffware"}, {"word": "buffy"}, {"word": "in the buff"}, {"word": "iron buff"}, {"word": "railbuff"}, {"word": "railway buff"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "buffle", "4": "", "5": "buffalo"}, "expansion": "Middle French buffle (“buffalo”)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From buffe (“leather”), from Middle French buffle (“buffalo”).", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[26, 31]], "ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:", "text": "[…]; but is in a ſuite of buffe […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Undyed leather from the skin of buffalo or similar animals."], "links": [["leather", "leather"], ["buffalo", "buffalo"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["A tool, often one covered with buff leather, used for polishing."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "buff:"}, {"text": "1693, John Dryden (translator), The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis Translated into English Verse, London: Jacob Tonson, Satire 10, lines 307-308, p. 203,\n[…] a Visage rough,\nDeform’d, Unfeatur’d, and a Skin of Buff."}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[29, 33]], "ref": "1929, Dashiell Hammett, chapter 24, in Red Harvest:", "text": "His face changed from tan to buff.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A brownish yellow colour."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[179, 184]], "ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:", "text": "A diuell in an euerlaſting garment hath him ; / On whoſe hard heart is button’d vp with ſteele : / A Feind, a Fairie, pittileſſe and ruffe : / A Wolfe, nay worſe, a fellow all in buffe […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A military coat made of buff leather."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English informal terms", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[20, 24]], "text": "He’s a real history buff. He knows everything there is to know about the civil war.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["A person who is very interested in a particular subject."], "raw_glosses": ["(informal) A person who is very interested in a particular subject."], "synonyms": [{"word": "enthusiast"}, {"word": "aficionado"}, {"word": "fan"}], "tags": ["countable", "informal", "uncountable"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "debuff"}, {"word": "nerf"}], "categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Role-playing games", "en:Video games"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[32, 36]], "text": "I just picked up an epic damage buff! Let's go gank the other team!", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["An effect that makes a character or item stronger."], "links": [["video game", "video game"], ["roleplaying game", "roleplaying game"]], "qualifier": "roleplaying games", "raw_glosses": ["(video games, roleplaying games) An effect that makes a character or item stronger."], "synonyms": [{"word": "revamp"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["video-games"]}, {"categories": ["en:Rail transportation"], "glosses": ["Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."], "links": [["rail transport", "rail transport"], ["Compressive", "compressive"], ["coupler", "coupler"]], "raw_glosses": ["(rail transport) Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["rail-transport", "railways", "transport"]}, {"categories": ["English colloquialisms", "English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[16, 20]], "text": "to strip to the buff", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1880, Thomas Wright, “buff”, in Dictionary of obsolete and provincial English, containing words from the English writers previous to the nineteenth century which are no longer in use, or are not used in the same sense. And words which are now used only in the provincial dialects, volume 1, London: George Bell and Sons, page 265", "text": "To be in buff, is equivalent to being naked.", "type": "quotation"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[129, 133]], "ref": "2021 October 18, Ian Lecklitzner, “The Inevitable Rise of the Work-From-Home Nudist”, in MEL Magazine:", "text": "Not to mention, nudity can be just plain convenient. “Laundry is minimal,” Schulte notes. It also doesn’t hurt that being in the buff spices up his workday.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The bare skin."], "links": [["bare", "bare"], ["skin", "skin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(colloquial) The bare skin."], "senseid": ["en:bare skin"], "tags": ["colloquial", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["The greyish viscid substance constituting the buffy coat."], "links": [["viscid", "viscid"], ["substance", "substance"], ["buffy coat", "buffy coat"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"examples": [{"text": "2014, “Aldergrove’s 856 gang busted, $400,000 in drugs seized,” CBC News, 30 July, 2014,\nPolice say this 20 ton hydraulic jack was used to press mixtures of cocaine and “buff” into brick."}], "glosses": ["Any substance used to dilute (street) drugs in order to increase profits."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "translations": [{"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "word": "liefhebber"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "word": "friikki"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "mordu"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passionné"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aficionado"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Fan"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Enthusiast"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "díograiseoir"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aficionado"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "fantast"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "entusiast"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "ruskeankeltainen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "chamois"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "sárgásbarna"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "bungalan"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "deve tüyü", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "دوه توكی"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "color del ante"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "kyllerfärg"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruñido"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruñimiento"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "bruñidura"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}
1: buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Northern-England not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English clippings", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English uncountable nouns", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "etymology_number": 4, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "buffalo"}, "expansion": "Clipping of buffalo", "name": "clipping"}], "etymology_text": "Clipping of buffalo.", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English informal terms", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[10, 14], [16, 20]], "ref": "2006, Bradley Mayhew, Joe Bindloss, Stan Armington, Nepal:", "text": "[…] diced buff (buffalo) meat, usually heavily spiced […]", "type": "quote"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[19, 23], [55, 59], [69, 73], [109, 113], [157, 161]], "ref": "1992, Marilyn Stablein, The Census Taker: Stories of a Traveler in India and Nepal, page 62:", "text": "You will eat water buffalo meat and drink boiled water buffalo milk: buff burgers at Aunt Jane's restaurant, buff mo-mos which are the Tibetan won-tons, and buff steaks at The Globe.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."], "links": [["meat", "meat"], ["buffalo", "buffalo"]], "raw_glosses": ["(informal) A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."], "tags": ["countable", "informal", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}
1: buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Northern-England not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Old French", "English verbs", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "derived": [{"word": "blind man's buff"}, {"word": "counterbuff"}, {"word": "rebuff"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "bufer", "4": "", "5": "to cuff, buffet"}, "expansion": "Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”). See buffet (“a blow”).", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "buff (plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[19, 23]], "ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 6:", "text": "Nathless so sore a buff to him it lent / That made him reel.", "type": "quote"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[39, 43]], "ref": "1841, Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Self-Reliance”, in Essays: First Series:", "text": "A man must consider what a blind-man’s-buff is this game of conformity. If I know your sect I anticipate your argument.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A strike; a blow."], "links": [["strike", "strike"], ["blow", "blow"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) A strike; a blow."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}
1: buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Northern-England not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "etymology_number": 5, "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "buff (plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"alt_of": [{"extra": "face armor", "word": "buffe"}], "categories": ["English terms with uncommon senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1899, Selected Lives (orig. by Plutarch), page 317", "text": "For they had helmets on their heads, fashioned like wild beast's necks, and strange beavers or buffs to the same, and wore on their helmets great high plumes of feathers, as they had been wings : […]"}], "glosses": ["Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"], "links": [["buffe", "buffe#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(uncommon) Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"], "tags": ["alt-of", "alternative", "uncommon"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}
1: buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle French", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "derived": [{"word": "buff-bellied pipit"}, {"word": "buff-breasted sandpiper"}, {"word": "buff coat"}, {"word": "buffery"}, {"word": "buffhood"}, {"word": "buffish"}, {"word": "buffism"}, {"word": "buff jerkin"}, {"word": "buff nor stye"}, {"word": "buff-tailed bumblebee"}, {"word": "buffware"}, {"word": "buffy"}, {"word": "in the buff"}, {"word": "iron buff"}, {"word": "railbuff"}, {"word": "railway buff"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "buffle", "4": "", "5": "buffalo"}, "expansion": "Middle French buffle (“buffalo”)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From buffe (“leather”), from Middle French buffle (“buffalo”).", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[26, 31]], "ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:", "text": "[…]; but is in a ſuite of buffe […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Undyed leather from the skin of buffalo or similar animals."], "links": [["leather", "leather"], ["buffalo", "buffalo"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["A tool, often one covered with buff leather, used for polishing."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "buff:"}, {"text": "1693, John Dryden (translator), The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis Translated into English Verse, London: Jacob Tonson, Satire 10, lines 307-308, p. 203,\n[…] a Visage rough,\nDeform’d, Unfeatur’d, and a Skin of Buff."}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[29, 33]], "ref": "1929, Dashiell Hammett, chapter 24, in Red Harvest:", "text": "His face changed from tan to buff.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A brownish yellow colour."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[179, 184]], "ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:", "text": "A diuell in an euerlaſting garment hath him ; / On whoſe hard heart is button’d vp with ſteele : / A Feind, a Fairie, pittileſſe and ruffe : / A Wolfe, nay worſe, a fellow all in buffe […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A military coat made of buff leather."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English informal terms", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[20, 24]], "text": "He’s a real history buff. He knows everything there is to know about the civil war.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["A person who is very interested in a particular subject."], "raw_glosses": ["(informal) A person who is very interested in a particular subject."], "synonyms": [{"word": "enthusiast"}, {"word": "aficionado"}, {"word": "fan"}], "tags": ["countable", "informal", "uncountable"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "debuff"}, {"word": "nerf"}], "categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Role-playing games", "en:Video games"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[32, 36]], "text": "I just picked up an epic damage buff! Let's go gank the other team!", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["An effect that makes a character or item stronger."], "links": [["video game", "video game"], ["roleplaying game", "roleplaying game"]], "qualifier": "roleplaying games", "raw_glosses": ["(video games, roleplaying games) An effect that makes a character or item stronger."], "synonyms": [{"word": "revamp"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["video-games"]}, {"categories": ["en:Rail transportation"], "glosses": ["Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."], "links": [["rail transport", "rail transport"], ["Compressive", "compressive"], ["coupler", "coupler"]], "raw_glosses": ["(rail transport) Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["rail-transport", "railways", "transport"]}, {"categories": ["English colloquialisms", "English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[16, 20]], "text": "to strip to the buff", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1880, Thomas Wright, “buff”, in Dictionary of obsolete and provincial English, containing words from the English writers previous to the nineteenth century which are no longer in use, or are not used in the same sense. And words which are now used only in the provincial dialects, volume 1, London: George Bell and Sons, page 265", "text": "To be in buff, is equivalent to being naked.", "type": "quotation"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[129, 133]], "ref": "2021 October 18, Ian Lecklitzner, “The Inevitable Rise of the Work-From-Home Nudist”, in MEL Magazine:", "text": "Not to mention, nudity can be just plain convenient. “Laundry is minimal,” Schulte notes. It also doesn’t hurt that being in the buff spices up his workday.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The bare skin."], "links": [["bare", "bare"], ["skin", "skin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(colloquial) The bare skin."], "senseid": ["en:bare skin"], "tags": ["colloquial", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["The greyish viscid substance constituting the buffy coat."], "links": [["viscid", "viscid"], ["substance", "substance"], ["buffy coat", "buffy coat"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"examples": [{"text": "2014, “Aldergrove’s 856 gang busted, $400,000 in drugs seized,” CBC News, 30 July, 2014,\nPolice say this 20 ton hydraulic jack was used to press mixtures of cocaine and “buff” into brick."}], "glosses": ["Any substance used to dilute (street) drugs in order to increase profits."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "translations": [{"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "word": "liefhebber"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "word": "friikki"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "mordu"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passionné"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aficionado"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Fan"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Enthusiast"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "díograiseoir"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aficionado"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "fantast"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "entusiast"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "ruskeankeltainen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "chamois"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "sárgásbarna"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "bungalan"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "deve tüyü", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "دوه توكی"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "color del ante"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "kyllerfärg"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruñido"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruñimiento"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "bruñidura"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}
1: buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English clippings", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English uncountable nouns", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "etymology_number": 4, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "buffalo"}, "expansion": "Clipping of buffalo", "name": "clipping"}], "etymology_text": "Clipping of buffalo.", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English informal terms", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[10, 14], [16, 20]], "ref": "2006, Bradley Mayhew, Joe Bindloss, Stan Armington, Nepal:", "text": "[…] diced buff (buffalo) meat, usually heavily spiced […]", "type": "quote"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[19, 23], [55, 59], [69, 73], [109, 113], [157, 161]], "ref": "1992, Marilyn Stablein, The Census Taker: Stories of a Traveler in India and Nepal, page 62:", "text": "You will eat water buffalo meat and drink boiled water buffalo milk: buff burgers at Aunt Jane's restaurant, buff mo-mos which are the Tibetan won-tons, and buff steaks at The Globe.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."], "links": [["meat", "meat"], ["buffalo", "buffalo"]], "raw_glosses": ["(informal) A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."], "tags": ["countable", "informal", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}
1: buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Old French", "English verbs", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "derived": [{"word": "blind man's buff"}, {"word": "counterbuff"}, {"word": "rebuff"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "bufer", "4": "", "5": "to cuff, buffet"}, "expansion": "Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”). See buffet (“a blow”).", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "buff (plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[19, 23]], "ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 6:", "text": "Nathless so sore a buff to him it lent / That made him reel.", "type": "quote"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[39, 43]], "ref": "1841, Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Self-Reliance”, in Essays: First Series:", "text": "A man must consider what a blind-man’s-buff is this game of conformity. If I know your sect I anticipate your argument.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A strike; a blow."], "links": [["strike", "strike"], ["blow", "blow"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) A strike; a blow."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}
1: buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "etymology_number": 5, "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "buff (plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"alt_of": [{"extra": "face armor", "word": "buffe"}], "categories": ["English terms with uncommon senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1899, Selected Lives (orig. by Plutarch), page 317", "text": "For they had helmets on their heads, fashioned like wild beast's necks, and strange beavers or buffs to the same, and wore on their helmets great high plumes of feathers, as they had been wings : […]"}], "glosses": ["Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"], "links": [["buffe", "buffe#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(uncommon) Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"], "tags": ["alt-of", "alternative", "uncommon"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle French", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "derived": [{"word": "buff-bellied pipit"}, {"word": "buff-breasted sandpiper"}, {"word": "buff coat"}, {"word": "buffery"}, {"word": "buffhood"}, {"word": "buffish"}, {"word": "buffism"}, {"word": "buff jerkin"}, {"word": "buff nor stye"}, {"word": "buff-tailed bumblebee"}, {"word": "buffware"}, {"word": "buffy"}, {"word": "in the buff"}, {"word": "iron buff"}, {"word": "railbuff"}, {"word": "railway buff"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "buffle", "4": "", "5": "buffalo"}, "expansion": "Middle French buffle (“buffalo”)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From buffe (“leather”), from Middle French buffle (“buffalo”).", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[26, 31]], "ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:", "text": "[…]; but is in a ſuite of buffe […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Undyed leather from the skin of buffalo or similar animals."], "links": [["leather", "leather"], ["buffalo", "buffalo"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["A tool, often one covered with buff leather, used for polishing."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "buff:"}, {"text": "1693, John Dryden (translator), The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis Translated into English Verse, London: Jacob Tonson, Satire 10, lines 307-308, p. 203,\n[…] a Visage rough,\nDeform’d, Unfeatur’d, and a Skin of Buff."}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[29, 33]], "ref": "1929, Dashiell Hammett, chapter 24, in Red Harvest:", "text": "His face changed from tan to buff.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A brownish yellow colour."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[179, 184]], "ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:", "text": "A diuell in an euerlaſting garment hath him ; / On whoſe hard heart is button’d vp with ſteele : / A Feind, a Fairie, pittileſſe and ruffe : / A Wolfe, nay worſe, a fellow all in buffe […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A military coat made of buff leather."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English informal terms", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[20, 24]], "text": "He’s a real history buff. He knows everything there is to know about the civil war.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["A person who is very interested in a particular subject."], "raw_glosses": ["(informal) A person who is very interested in a particular subject."], "synonyms": [{"word": "enthusiast"}, {"word": "aficionado"}, {"word": "fan"}], "tags": ["countable", "informal", "uncountable"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "debuff"}, {"word": "nerf"}], "categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Role-playing games", "en:Video games"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[32, 36]], "text": "I just picked up an epic damage buff! Let's go gank the other team!", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["An effect that makes a character or item stronger."], "links": [["video game", "video game"], ["roleplaying game", "roleplaying game"]], "qualifier": "roleplaying games", "raw_glosses": ["(video games, roleplaying games) An effect that makes a character or item stronger."], "synonyms": [{"word": "revamp"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["video-games"]}, {"categories": ["en:Rail transportation"], "glosses": ["Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."], "links": [["rail transport", "rail transport"], ["Compressive", "compressive"], ["coupler", "coupler"]], "raw_glosses": ["(rail transport) Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["rail-transport", "railways", "transport"]}, {"categories": ["English colloquialisms", "English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[16, 20]], "text": "to strip to the buff", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1880, Thomas Wright, “buff”, in Dictionary of obsolete and provincial English, containing words from the English writers previous to the nineteenth century which are no longer in use, or are not used in the same sense. And words which are now used only in the provincial dialects, volume 1, London: George Bell and Sons, page 265", "text": "To be in buff, is equivalent to being naked.", "type": "quotation"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[129, 133]], "ref": "2021 October 18, Ian Lecklitzner, “The Inevitable Rise of the Work-From-Home Nudist”, in MEL Magazine:", "text": "Not to mention, nudity can be just plain convenient. “Laundry is minimal,” Schulte notes. It also doesn’t hurt that being in the buff spices up his workday.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The bare skin."], "links": [["bare", "bare"], ["skin", "skin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(colloquial) The bare skin."], "senseid": ["en:bare skin"], "tags": ["colloquial", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["The greyish viscid substance constituting the buffy coat."], "links": [["viscid", "viscid"], ["substance", "substance"], ["buffy coat", "buffy coat"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"examples": [{"text": "2014, “Aldergrove’s 856 gang busted, $400,000 in drugs seized,” CBC News, 30 July, 2014,\nPolice say this 20 ton hydraulic jack was used to press mixtures of cocaine and “buff” into brick."}], "glosses": ["Any substance used to dilute (street) drugs in order to increase profits."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "translations": [{"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "word": "liefhebber"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "word": "friikki"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "mordu"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passionné"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aficionado"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Fan"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Enthusiast"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "díograiseoir"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aficionado"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "fantast"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "entusiast"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "ruskeankeltainen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "chamois"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "sárgásbarna"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "bungalan"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "deve tüyü", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "دوه توكی"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "color del ante"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "kyllerfärg"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruñido"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruñimiento"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "bruñidura"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff (noun) buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle French", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "derived": [{"word": "buff-bellied pipit"}, {"word": "buff-breasted sandpiper"}, {"word": "buff coat"}, {"word": "buffery"}, {"word": "buffhood"}, {"word": "buffish"}, {"word": "buffism"}, {"word": "buff jerkin"}, {"word": "buff nor stye"}, {"word": "buff-tailed bumblebee"}, {"word": "buffware"}, {"word": "buffy"}, {"word": "in the buff"}, {"word": "iron buff"}, {"word": "railbuff"}, {"word": "railway buff"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "buffle", "4": "", "5": "buffalo"}, "expansion": "Middle French buffle (“buffalo”)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From buffe (“leather”), from Middle French buffle (“buffalo”).", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[26, 31]], "ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:", "text": "[…]; but is in a ſuite of buffe […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Undyed leather from the skin of buffalo or similar animals."], "links": [["leather", "leather"], ["buffalo", "buffalo"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["A tool, often one covered with buff leather, used for polishing."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "buff:"}, {"text": "1693, John Dryden (translator), The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis Translated into English Verse, London: Jacob Tonson, Satire 10, lines 307-308, p. 203,\n[…] a Visage rough,\nDeform’d, Unfeatur’d, and a Skin of Buff."}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[29, 33]], "ref": "1929, Dashiell Hammett, chapter 24, in Red Harvest:", "text": "His face changed from tan to buff.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A brownish yellow colour."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[179, 184]], "ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:", "text": "A diuell in an euerlaſting garment hath him ; / On whoſe hard heart is button’d vp with ſteele : / A Feind, a Fairie, pittileſſe and ruffe : / A Wolfe, nay worſe, a fellow all in buffe […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A military coat made of buff leather."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English informal terms", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[20, 24]], "text": "He’s a real history buff. He knows everything there is to know about the civil war.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["A person who is very interested in a particular subject."], "raw_glosses": ["(informal) A person who is very interested in a particular subject."], "synonyms": [{"word": "enthusiast"}, {"word": "aficionado"}, {"word": "fan"}], "tags": ["countable", "informal", "uncountable"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "debuff"}, {"word": "nerf"}], "categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Role-playing games", "en:Video games"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[32, 36]], "text": "I just picked up an epic damage buff! Let's go gank the other team!", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["An effect that makes a character or item stronger."], "links": [["video game", "video game"], ["roleplaying game", "roleplaying game"]], "qualifier": "roleplaying games", "raw_glosses": ["(video games, roleplaying games) An effect that makes a character or item stronger."], "synonyms": [{"word": "revamp"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["video-games"]}, {"categories": ["en:Rail transportation"], "glosses": ["Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."], "links": [["rail transport", "rail transport"], ["Compressive", "compressive"], ["coupler", "coupler"]], "raw_glosses": ["(rail transport) Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["rail-transport", "railways", "transport"]}, {"categories": ["English colloquialisms", "English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[16, 20]], "text": "to strip to the buff", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1880, Thomas Wright, “buff”, in Dictionary of obsolete and provincial English, containing words from the English writers previous to the nineteenth century which are no longer in use, or are not used in the same sense. And words which are now used only in the provincial dialects, volume 1, London: George Bell and Sons, page 265", "text": "To be in buff, is equivalent to being naked.", "type": "quotation"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[129, 133]], "ref": "2021 October 18, Ian Lecklitzner, “The Inevitable Rise of the Work-From-Home Nudist”, in MEL Magazine:", "text": "Not to mention, nudity can be just plain convenient. “Laundry is minimal,” Schulte notes. It also doesn’t hurt that being in the buff spices up his workday.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The bare skin."], "links": [["bare", "bare"], ["skin", "skin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(colloquial) The bare skin."], "senseid": ["en:bare skin"], "tags": ["colloquial", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["The greyish viscid substance constituting the buffy coat."], "links": [["viscid", "viscid"], ["substance", "substance"], ["buffy coat", "buffy coat"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"examples": [{"text": "2014, “Aldergrove’s 856 gang busted, $400,000 in drugs seized,” CBC News, 30 July, 2014,\nPolice say this 20 ton hydraulic jack was used to press mixtures of cocaine and “buff” into brick."}], "glosses": ["Any substance used to dilute (street) drugs in order to increase profits."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "translations": [{"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "word": "liefhebber"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "word": "friikki"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "mordu"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passionné"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aficionado"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Fan"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Enthusiast"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "díograiseoir"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aficionado"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "fantast"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "entusiast"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "ruskeankeltainen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "chamois"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "sárgásbarna"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "bungalan"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "deve tüyü", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "دوه توكی"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "color del ante"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "kyllerfärg"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruñido"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruñimiento"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "bruñidura"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English clippings", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English uncountable nouns", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "etymology_number": 4, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "buffalo"}, "expansion": "Clipping of buffalo", "name": "clipping"}], "etymology_text": "Clipping of buffalo.", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English informal terms", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[10, 14], [16, 20]], "ref": "2006, Bradley Mayhew, Joe Bindloss, Stan Armington, Nepal:", "text": "[…] diced buff (buffalo) meat, usually heavily spiced […]", "type": "quote"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[19, 23], [55, 59], [69, 73], [109, 113], [157, 161]], "ref": "1992, Marilyn Stablein, The Census Taker: Stories of a Traveler in India and Nepal, page 62:", "text": "You will eat water buffalo meat and drink boiled water buffalo milk: buff burgers at Aunt Jane's restaurant, buff mo-mos which are the Tibetan won-tons, and buff steaks at The Globe.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."], "links": [["meat", "meat"], ["buffalo", "buffalo"]], "raw_glosses": ["(informal) A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."], "tags": ["countable", "informal", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff (noun) buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English clippings", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English uncountable nouns", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "etymology_number": 4, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "buffalo"}, "expansion": "Clipping of buffalo", "name": "clipping"}], "etymology_text": "Clipping of buffalo.", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English informal terms", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[10, 14], [16, 20]], "ref": "2006, Bradley Mayhew, Joe Bindloss, Stan Armington, Nepal:", "text": "[…] diced buff (buffalo) meat, usually heavily spiced […]", "type": "quote"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[19, 23], [55, 59], [69, 73], [109, 113], [157, 161]], "ref": "1992, Marilyn Stablein, The Census Taker: Stories of a Traveler in India and Nepal, page 62:", "text": "You will eat water buffalo meat and drink boiled water buffalo milk: buff burgers at Aunt Jane's restaurant, buff mo-mos which are the Tibetan won-tons, and buff steaks at The Globe.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."], "links": [["meat", "meat"], ["buffalo", "buffalo"]], "raw_glosses": ["(informal) A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."], "tags": ["countable", "informal", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Old French", "English verbs", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "derived": [{"word": "blind man's buff"}, {"word": "counterbuff"}, {"word": "rebuff"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "bufer", "4": "", "5": "to cuff, buffet"}, "expansion": "Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”). See buffet (“a blow”).", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "buff (plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[19, 23]], "ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 6:", "text": "Nathless so sore a buff to him it lent / That made him reel.", "type": "quote"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[39, 43]], "ref": "1841, Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Self-Reliance”, in Essays: First Series:", "text": "A man must consider what a blind-man’s-buff is this game of conformity. If I know your sect I anticipate your argument.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A strike; a blow."], "links": [["strike", "strike"], ["blow", "blow"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) A strike; a blow."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff (noun) buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Old French", "English verbs", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "derived": [{"word": "blind man's buff"}, {"word": "counterbuff"}, {"word": "rebuff"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "bufer", "4": "", "5": "to cuff, buffet"}, "expansion": "Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”). See buffet (“a blow”).", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "buff (plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[19, 23]], "ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 6:", "text": "Nathless so sore a buff to him it lent / That made him reel.", "type": "quote"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[39, 43]], "ref": "1841, Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Self-Reliance”, in Essays: First Series:", "text": "A man must consider what a blind-man’s-buff is this game of conformity. If I know your sect I anticipate your argument.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A strike; a blow."], "links": [["strike", "strike"], ["blow", "blow"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) A strike; a blow."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "etymology_number": 5, "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "buff (plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"alt_of": [{"extra": "face armor", "word": "buffe"}], "categories": ["English terms with uncommon senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1899, Selected Lives (orig. by Plutarch), page 317", "text": "For they had helmets on their heads, fashioned like wild beast's necks, and strange beavers or buffs to the same, and wore on their helmets great high plumes of feathers, as they had been wings : […]"}], "glosses": ["Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"], "links": [["buffe", "buffe#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(uncommon) Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"], "tags": ["alt-of", "alternative", "uncommon"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff (noun) buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "etymology_number": 5, "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "buff (plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"alt_of": [{"extra": "face armor", "word": "buffe"}], "categories": ["English terms with uncommon senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1899, Selected Lives (orig. by Plutarch), page 317", "text": "For they had helmets on their heads, fashioned like wild beast's necks, and strange beavers or buffs to the same, and wore on their helmets great high plumes of feathers, as they had been wings : […]"}], "glosses": ["Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"], "links": [["buffe", "buffe#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(uncommon) Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"], "tags": ["alt-of", "alternative", "uncommon"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-Australian not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle French", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "derived": [{"word": "buff-bellied pipit"}, {"word": "buff-breasted sandpiper"}, {"word": "buff coat"}, {"word": "buffery"}, {"word": "buffhood"}, {"word": "buffish"}, {"word": "buffism"}, {"word": "buff jerkin"}, {"word": "buff nor stye"}, {"word": "buff-tailed bumblebee"}, {"word": "buffware"}, {"word": "buffy"}, {"word": "in the buff"}, {"word": "iron buff"}, {"word": "railbuff"}, {"word": "railway buff"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "buffle", "4": "", "5": "buffalo"}, "expansion": "Middle French buffle (“buffalo”)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From buffe (“leather”), from Middle French buffle (“buffalo”).", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[26, 31]], "ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:", "text": "[…]; but is in a ſuite of buffe […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Undyed leather from the skin of buffalo or similar animals."], "links": [["leather", "leather"], ["buffalo", "buffalo"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["A tool, often one covered with buff leather, used for polishing."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "buff:"}, {"text": "1693, John Dryden (translator), The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis Translated into English Verse, London: Jacob Tonson, Satire 10, lines 307-308, p. 203,\n[…] a Visage rough,\nDeform’d, Unfeatur’d, and a Skin of Buff."}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[29, 33]], "ref": "1929, Dashiell Hammett, chapter 24, in Red Harvest:", "text": "His face changed from tan to buff.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A brownish yellow colour."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[179, 184]], "ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:", "text": "A diuell in an euerlaſting garment hath him ; / On whoſe hard heart is button’d vp with ſteele : / A Feind, a Fairie, pittileſſe and ruffe : / A Wolfe, nay worſe, a fellow all in buffe […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A military coat made of buff leather."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English informal terms", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[20, 24]], "text": "He’s a real history buff. He knows everything there is to know about the civil war.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["A person who is very interested in a particular subject."], "raw_glosses": ["(informal) A person who is very interested in a particular subject."], "synonyms": [{"word": "enthusiast"}, {"word": "aficionado"}, {"word": "fan"}], "tags": ["countable", "informal", "uncountable"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "debuff"}, {"word": "nerf"}], "categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Role-playing games", "en:Video games"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[32, 36]], "text": "I just picked up an epic damage buff! Let's go gank the other team!", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["An effect that makes a character or item stronger."], "links": [["video game", "video game"], ["roleplaying game", "roleplaying game"]], "qualifier": "roleplaying games", "raw_glosses": ["(video games, roleplaying games) An effect that makes a character or item stronger."], "synonyms": [{"word": "revamp"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["video-games"]}, {"categories": ["en:Rail transportation"], "glosses": ["Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."], "links": [["rail transport", "rail transport"], ["Compressive", "compressive"], ["coupler", "coupler"]], "raw_glosses": ["(rail transport) Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["rail-transport", "railways", "transport"]}, {"categories": ["English colloquialisms", "English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[16, 20]], "text": "to strip to the buff", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1880, Thomas Wright, “buff”, in Dictionary of obsolete and provincial English, containing words from the English writers previous to the nineteenth century which are no longer in use, or are not used in the same sense. And words which are now used only in the provincial dialects, volume 1, London: George Bell and Sons, page 265", "text": "To be in buff, is equivalent to being naked.", "type": "quotation"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[129, 133]], "ref": "2021 October 18, Ian Lecklitzner, “The Inevitable Rise of the Work-From-Home Nudist”, in MEL Magazine:", "text": "Not to mention, nudity can be just plain convenient. “Laundry is minimal,” Schulte notes. It also doesn’t hurt that being in the buff spices up his workday.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The bare skin."], "links": [["bare", "bare"], ["skin", "skin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(colloquial) The bare skin."], "senseid": ["en:bare skin"], "tags": ["colloquial", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["The greyish viscid substance constituting the buffy coat."], "links": [["viscid", "viscid"], ["substance", "substance"], ["buffy coat", "buffy coat"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"examples": [{"text": "2014, “Aldergrove’s 856 gang busted, $400,000 in drugs seized,” CBC News, 30 July, 2014,\nPolice say this 20 ton hydraulic jack was used to press mixtures of cocaine and “buff” into brick."}], "glosses": ["Any substance used to dilute (street) drugs in order to increase profits."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "translations": [{"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "word": "liefhebber"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "word": "friikki"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "mordu"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passionné"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aficionado"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Fan"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Enthusiast"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "díograiseoir"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aficionado"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "fantast"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "entusiast"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "ruskeankeltainen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "chamois"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "sárgásbarna"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "bungalan"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "deve tüyü", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "دوه توكی"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "color del ante"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "kyllerfärg"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruñido"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruñimiento"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "bruñidura"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff (noun) buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-Australian not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle French", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "derived": [{"word": "buff-bellied pipit"}, {"word": "buff-breasted sandpiper"}, {"word": "buff coat"}, {"word": "buffery"}, {"word": "buffhood"}, {"word": "buffish"}, {"word": "buffism"}, {"word": "buff jerkin"}, {"word": "buff nor stye"}, {"word": "buff-tailed bumblebee"}, {"word": "buffware"}, {"word": "buffy"}, {"word": "in the buff"}, {"word": "iron buff"}, {"word": "railbuff"}, {"word": "railway buff"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "buffle", "4": "", "5": "buffalo"}, "expansion": "Middle French buffle (“buffalo”)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From buffe (“leather”), from Middle French buffle (“buffalo”).", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[26, 31]], "ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:", "text": "[…]; but is in a ſuite of buffe […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Undyed leather from the skin of buffalo or similar animals."], "links": [["leather", "leather"], ["buffalo", "buffalo"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["A tool, often one covered with buff leather, used for polishing."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "buff:"}, {"text": "1693, John Dryden (translator), The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis Translated into English Verse, London: Jacob Tonson, Satire 10, lines 307-308, p. 203,\n[…] a Visage rough,\nDeform’d, Unfeatur’d, and a Skin of Buff."}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[29, 33]], "ref": "1929, Dashiell Hammett, chapter 24, in Red Harvest:", "text": "His face changed from tan to buff.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A brownish yellow colour."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[179, 184]], "ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:", "text": "A diuell in an euerlaſting garment hath him ; / On whoſe hard heart is button’d vp with ſteele : / A Feind, a Fairie, pittileſſe and ruffe : / A Wolfe, nay worſe, a fellow all in buffe […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A military coat made of buff leather."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English informal terms", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[20, 24]], "text": "He’s a real history buff. He knows everything there is to know about the civil war.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["A person who is very interested in a particular subject."], "raw_glosses": ["(informal) A person who is very interested in a particular subject."], "synonyms": [{"word": "enthusiast"}, {"word": "aficionado"}, {"word": "fan"}], "tags": ["countable", "informal", "uncountable"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "debuff"}, {"word": "nerf"}], "categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Role-playing games", "en:Video games"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[32, 36]], "text": "I just picked up an epic damage buff! Let's go gank the other team!", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["An effect that makes a character or item stronger."], "links": [["video game", "video game"], ["roleplaying game", "roleplaying game"]], "qualifier": "roleplaying games", "raw_glosses": ["(video games, roleplaying games) An effect that makes a character or item stronger."], "synonyms": [{"word": "revamp"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["video-games"]}, {"categories": ["en:Rail transportation"], "glosses": ["Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."], "links": [["rail transport", "rail transport"], ["Compressive", "compressive"], ["coupler", "coupler"]], "raw_glosses": ["(rail transport) Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["rail-transport", "railways", "transport"]}, {"categories": ["English colloquialisms", "English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[16, 20]], "text": "to strip to the buff", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1880, Thomas Wright, “buff”, in Dictionary of obsolete and provincial English, containing words from the English writers previous to the nineteenth century which are no longer in use, or are not used in the same sense. And words which are now used only in the provincial dialects, volume 1, London: George Bell and Sons, page 265", "text": "To be in buff, is equivalent to being naked.", "type": "quotation"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[129, 133]], "ref": "2021 October 18, Ian Lecklitzner, “The Inevitable Rise of the Work-From-Home Nudist”, in MEL Magazine:", "text": "Not to mention, nudity can be just plain convenient. “Laundry is minimal,” Schulte notes. It also doesn’t hurt that being in the buff spices up his workday.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The bare skin."], "links": [["bare", "bare"], ["skin", "skin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(colloquial) The bare skin."], "senseid": ["en:bare skin"], "tags": ["colloquial", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["The greyish viscid substance constituting the buffy coat."], "links": [["viscid", "viscid"], ["substance", "substance"], ["buffy coat", "buffy coat"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"examples": [{"text": "2014, “Aldergrove’s 856 gang busted, $400,000 in drugs seized,” CBC News, 30 July, 2014,\nPolice say this 20 ton hydraulic jack was used to press mixtures of cocaine and “buff” into brick."}], "glosses": ["Any substance used to dilute (street) drugs in order to increase profits."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "translations": [{"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "word": "liefhebber"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "word": "friikki"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "mordu"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passionné"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aficionado"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Fan"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Enthusiast"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "díograiseoir"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aficionado"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "fantast"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "entusiast"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "ruskeankeltainen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "chamois"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "sárgásbarna"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "bungalan"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "deve tüyü", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "دوه توكی"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "color del ante"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "kyllerfärg"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruñido"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruñimiento"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "bruñidura"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-Australian not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English clippings", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English uncountable nouns", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "etymology_number": 4, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "buffalo"}, "expansion": "Clipping of buffalo", "name": "clipping"}], "etymology_text": "Clipping of buffalo.", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English informal terms", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[10, 14], [16, 20]], "ref": "2006, Bradley Mayhew, Joe Bindloss, Stan Armington, Nepal:", "text": "[…] diced buff (buffalo) meat, usually heavily spiced […]", "type": "quote"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[19, 23], [55, 59], [69, 73], [109, 113], [157, 161]], "ref": "1992, Marilyn Stablein, The Census Taker: Stories of a Traveler in India and Nepal, page 62:", "text": "You will eat water buffalo meat and drink boiled water buffalo milk: buff burgers at Aunt Jane's restaurant, buff mo-mos which are the Tibetan won-tons, and buff steaks at The Globe.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."], "links": [["meat", "meat"], ["buffalo", "buffalo"]], "raw_glosses": ["(informal) A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."], "tags": ["countable", "informal", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff (noun) buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-Australian not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English clippings", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English uncountable nouns", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "etymology_number": 4, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "buffalo"}, "expansion": "Clipping of buffalo", "name": "clipping"}], "etymology_text": "Clipping of buffalo.", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English informal terms", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[10, 14], [16, 20]], "ref": "2006, Bradley Mayhew, Joe Bindloss, Stan Armington, Nepal:", "text": "[…] diced buff (buffalo) meat, usually heavily spiced […]", "type": "quote"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[19, 23], [55, 59], [69, 73], [109, 113], [157, 161]], "ref": "1992, Marilyn Stablein, The Census Taker: Stories of a Traveler in India and Nepal, page 62:", "text": "You will eat water buffalo meat and drink boiled water buffalo milk: buff burgers at Aunt Jane's restaurant, buff mo-mos which are the Tibetan won-tons, and buff steaks at The Globe.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."], "links": [["meat", "meat"], ["buffalo", "buffalo"]], "raw_glosses": ["(informal) A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."], "tags": ["countable", "informal", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-Australian not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Old French", "English verbs", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "derived": [{"word": "blind man's buff"}, {"word": "counterbuff"}, {"word": "rebuff"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "bufer", "4": "", "5": "to cuff, buffet"}, "expansion": "Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”). See buffet (“a blow”).", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "buff (plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[19, 23]], "ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 6:", "text": "Nathless so sore a buff to him it lent / That made him reel.", "type": "quote"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[39, 43]], "ref": "1841, Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Self-Reliance”, in Essays: First Series:", "text": "A man must consider what a blind-man’s-buff is this game of conformity. If I know your sect I anticipate your argument.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A strike; a blow."], "links": [["strike", "strike"], ["blow", "blow"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) A strike; a blow."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff (noun) buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-Australian not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Old French", "English verbs", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "derived": [{"word": "blind man's buff"}, {"word": "counterbuff"}, {"word": "rebuff"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "bufer", "4": "", "5": "to cuff, buffet"}, "expansion": "Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”). See buffet (“a blow”).", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "buff (plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[19, 23]], "ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 6:", "text": "Nathless so sore a buff to him it lent / That made him reel.", "type": "quote"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[39, 43]], "ref": "1841, Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Self-Reliance”, in Essays: First Series:", "text": "A man must consider what a blind-man’s-buff is this game of conformity. If I know your sect I anticipate your argument.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A strike; a blow."], "links": [["strike", "strike"], ["blow", "blow"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) A strike; a blow."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-Australian not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "etymology_number": 5, "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "buff (plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"alt_of": [{"extra": "face armor", "word": "buffe"}], "categories": ["English terms with uncommon senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1899, Selected Lives (orig. by Plutarch), page 317", "text": "For they had helmets on their heads, fashioned like wild beast's necks, and strange beavers or buffs to the same, and wore on their helmets great high plumes of feathers, as they had been wings : […]"}], "glosses": ["Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"], "links": [["buffe", "buffe#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(uncommon) Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"], "tags": ["alt-of", "alternative", "uncommon"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff (noun) buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-Australian not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "etymology_number": 5, "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "buff (plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"alt_of": [{"extra": "face armor", "word": "buffe"}], "categories": ["English terms with uncommon senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1899, Selected Lives (orig. by Plutarch), page 317", "text": "For they had helmets on their heads, fashioned like wild beast's necks, and strange beavers or buffs to the same, and wore on their helmets great high plumes of feathers, as they had been wings : […]"}], "glosses": ["Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"], "links": [["buffe", "buffe#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(uncommon) Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"], "tags": ["alt-of", "alternative", "uncommon"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag New-Zealand not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle French", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "derived": [{"word": "buff-bellied pipit"}, {"word": "buff-breasted sandpiper"}, {"word": "buff coat"}, {"word": "buffery"}, {"word": "buffhood"}, {"word": "buffish"}, {"word": "buffism"}, {"word": "buff jerkin"}, {"word": "buff nor stye"}, {"word": "buff-tailed bumblebee"}, {"word": "buffware"}, {"word": "buffy"}, {"word": "in the buff"}, {"word": "iron buff"}, {"word": "railbuff"}, {"word": "railway buff"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "buffle", "4": "", "5": "buffalo"}, "expansion": "Middle French buffle (“buffalo”)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From buffe (“leather”), from Middle French buffle (“buffalo”).", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[26, 31]], "ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:", "text": "[…]; but is in a ſuite of buffe […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Undyed leather from the skin of buffalo or similar animals."], "links": [["leather", "leather"], ["buffalo", "buffalo"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["A tool, often one covered with buff leather, used for polishing."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "buff:"}, {"text": "1693, John Dryden (translator), The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis Translated into English Verse, London: Jacob Tonson, Satire 10, lines 307-308, p. 203,\n[…] a Visage rough,\nDeform’d, Unfeatur’d, and a Skin of Buff."}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[29, 33]], "ref": "1929, Dashiell Hammett, chapter 24, in Red Harvest:", "text": "His face changed from tan to buff.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A brownish yellow colour."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[179, 184]], "ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:", "text": "A diuell in an euerlaſting garment hath him ; / On whoſe hard heart is button’d vp with ſteele : / A Feind, a Fairie, pittileſſe and ruffe : / A Wolfe, nay worſe, a fellow all in buffe […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A military coat made of buff leather."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English informal terms", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[20, 24]], "text": "He’s a real history buff. He knows everything there is to know about the civil war.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["A person who is very interested in a particular subject."], "raw_glosses": ["(informal) A person who is very interested in a particular subject."], "synonyms": [{"word": "enthusiast"}, {"word": "aficionado"}, {"word": "fan"}], "tags": ["countable", "informal", "uncountable"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "debuff"}, {"word": "nerf"}], "categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Role-playing games", "en:Video games"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[32, 36]], "text": "I just picked up an epic damage buff! Let's go gank the other team!", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["An effect that makes a character or item stronger."], "links": [["video game", "video game"], ["roleplaying game", "roleplaying game"]], "qualifier": "roleplaying games", "raw_glosses": ["(video games, roleplaying games) An effect that makes a character or item stronger."], "synonyms": [{"word": "revamp"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["video-games"]}, {"categories": ["en:Rail transportation"], "glosses": ["Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."], "links": [["rail transport", "rail transport"], ["Compressive", "compressive"], ["coupler", "coupler"]], "raw_glosses": ["(rail transport) Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["rail-transport", "railways", "transport"]}, {"categories": ["English colloquialisms", "English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[16, 20]], "text": "to strip to the buff", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1880, Thomas Wright, “buff”, in Dictionary of obsolete and provincial English, containing words from the English writers previous to the nineteenth century which are no longer in use, or are not used in the same sense. And words which are now used only in the provincial dialects, volume 1, London: George Bell and Sons, page 265", "text": "To be in buff, is equivalent to being naked.", "type": "quotation"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[129, 133]], "ref": "2021 October 18, Ian Lecklitzner, “The Inevitable Rise of the Work-From-Home Nudist”, in MEL Magazine:", "text": "Not to mention, nudity can be just plain convenient. “Laundry is minimal,” Schulte notes. It also doesn’t hurt that being in the buff spices up his workday.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The bare skin."], "links": [["bare", "bare"], ["skin", "skin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(colloquial) The bare skin."], "senseid": ["en:bare skin"], "tags": ["colloquial", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["The greyish viscid substance constituting the buffy coat."], "links": [["viscid", "viscid"], ["substance", "substance"], ["buffy coat", "buffy coat"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"examples": [{"text": "2014, “Aldergrove’s 856 gang busted, $400,000 in drugs seized,” CBC News, 30 July, 2014,\nPolice say this 20 ton hydraulic jack was used to press mixtures of cocaine and “buff” into brick."}], "glosses": ["Any substance used to dilute (street) drugs in order to increase profits."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "translations": [{"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "word": "liefhebber"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "word": "friikki"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "mordu"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passionné"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aficionado"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Fan"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Enthusiast"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "díograiseoir"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aficionado"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "fantast"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "entusiast"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "ruskeankeltainen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "chamois"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "sárgásbarna"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "bungalan"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "deve tüyü", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "دوه توكی"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "color del ante"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "kyllerfärg"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruñido"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruñimiento"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "bruñidura"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff (noun) buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag New-Zealand not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle French", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "derived": [{"word": "buff-bellied pipit"}, {"word": "buff-breasted sandpiper"}, {"word": "buff coat"}, {"word": "buffery"}, {"word": "buffhood"}, {"word": "buffish"}, {"word": "buffism"}, {"word": "buff jerkin"}, {"word": "buff nor stye"}, {"word": "buff-tailed bumblebee"}, {"word": "buffware"}, {"word": "buffy"}, {"word": "in the buff"}, {"word": "iron buff"}, {"word": "railbuff"}, {"word": "railway buff"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "buffle", "4": "", "5": "buffalo"}, "expansion": "Middle French buffle (“buffalo”)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From buffe (“leather”), from Middle French buffle (“buffalo”).", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[26, 31]], "ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:", "text": "[…]; but is in a ſuite of buffe […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Undyed leather from the skin of buffalo or similar animals."], "links": [["leather", "leather"], ["buffalo", "buffalo"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["A tool, often one covered with buff leather, used for polishing."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "buff:"}, {"text": "1693, John Dryden (translator), The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis Translated into English Verse, London: Jacob Tonson, Satire 10, lines 307-308, p. 203,\n[…] a Visage rough,\nDeform’d, Unfeatur’d, and a Skin of Buff."}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[29, 33]], "ref": "1929, Dashiell Hammett, chapter 24, in Red Harvest:", "text": "His face changed from tan to buff.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A brownish yellow colour."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[179, 184]], "ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:", "text": "A diuell in an euerlaſting garment hath him ; / On whoſe hard heart is button’d vp with ſteele : / A Feind, a Fairie, pittileſſe and ruffe : / A Wolfe, nay worſe, a fellow all in buffe […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A military coat made of buff leather."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English informal terms", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[20, 24]], "text": "He’s a real history buff. He knows everything there is to know about the civil war.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["A person who is very interested in a particular subject."], "raw_glosses": ["(informal) A person who is very interested in a particular subject."], "synonyms": [{"word": "enthusiast"}, {"word": "aficionado"}, {"word": "fan"}], "tags": ["countable", "informal", "uncountable"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "debuff"}, {"word": "nerf"}], "categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Role-playing games", "en:Video games"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[32, 36]], "text": "I just picked up an epic damage buff! Let's go gank the other team!", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["An effect that makes a character or item stronger."], "links": [["video game", "video game"], ["roleplaying game", "roleplaying game"]], "qualifier": "roleplaying games", "raw_glosses": ["(video games, roleplaying games) An effect that makes a character or item stronger."], "synonyms": [{"word": "revamp"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["video-games"]}, {"categories": ["en:Rail transportation"], "glosses": ["Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."], "links": [["rail transport", "rail transport"], ["Compressive", "compressive"], ["coupler", "coupler"]], "raw_glosses": ["(rail transport) Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["rail-transport", "railways", "transport"]}, {"categories": ["English colloquialisms", "English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[16, 20]], "text": "to strip to the buff", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1880, Thomas Wright, “buff”, in Dictionary of obsolete and provincial English, containing words from the English writers previous to the nineteenth century which are no longer in use, or are not used in the same sense. And words which are now used only in the provincial dialects, volume 1, London: George Bell and Sons, page 265", "text": "To be in buff, is equivalent to being naked.", "type": "quotation"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[129, 133]], "ref": "2021 October 18, Ian Lecklitzner, “The Inevitable Rise of the Work-From-Home Nudist”, in MEL Magazine:", "text": "Not to mention, nudity can be just plain convenient. “Laundry is minimal,” Schulte notes. It also doesn’t hurt that being in the buff spices up his workday.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The bare skin."], "links": [["bare", "bare"], ["skin", "skin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(colloquial) The bare skin."], "senseid": ["en:bare skin"], "tags": ["colloquial", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["The greyish viscid substance constituting the buffy coat."], "links": [["viscid", "viscid"], ["substance", "substance"], ["buffy coat", "buffy coat"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"examples": [{"text": "2014, “Aldergrove’s 856 gang busted, $400,000 in drugs seized,” CBC News, 30 July, 2014,\nPolice say this 20 ton hydraulic jack was used to press mixtures of cocaine and “buff” into brick."}], "glosses": ["Any substance used to dilute (street) drugs in order to increase profits."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "translations": [{"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "word": "liefhebber"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "word": "friikki"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "mordu"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passionné"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aficionado"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Fan"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Enthusiast"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "díograiseoir"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aficionado"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "fantast"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "entusiast"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "ruskeankeltainen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "chamois"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "sárgásbarna"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "bungalan"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "deve tüyü", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "دوه توكی"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "color del ante"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "kyllerfärg"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruñido"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruñimiento"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "bruñidura"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag New-Zealand not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English clippings", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English uncountable nouns", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "etymology_number": 4, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "buffalo"}, "expansion": "Clipping of buffalo", "name": "clipping"}], "etymology_text": "Clipping of buffalo.", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English informal terms", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[10, 14], [16, 20]], "ref": "2006, Bradley Mayhew, Joe Bindloss, Stan Armington, Nepal:", "text": "[…] diced buff (buffalo) meat, usually heavily spiced […]", "type": "quote"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[19, 23], [55, 59], [69, 73], [109, 113], [157, 161]], "ref": "1992, Marilyn Stablein, The Census Taker: Stories of a Traveler in India and Nepal, page 62:", "text": "You will eat water buffalo meat and drink boiled water buffalo milk: buff burgers at Aunt Jane's restaurant, buff mo-mos which are the Tibetan won-tons, and buff steaks at The Globe.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."], "links": [["meat", "meat"], ["buffalo", "buffalo"]], "raw_glosses": ["(informal) A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."], "tags": ["countable", "informal", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff (noun) buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag New-Zealand not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English clippings", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English uncountable nouns", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "etymology_number": 4, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "buffalo"}, "expansion": "Clipping of buffalo", "name": "clipping"}], "etymology_text": "Clipping of buffalo.", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English informal terms", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[10, 14], [16, 20]], "ref": "2006, Bradley Mayhew, Joe Bindloss, Stan Armington, Nepal:", "text": "[…] diced buff (buffalo) meat, usually heavily spiced […]", "type": "quote"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[19, 23], [55, 59], [69, 73], [109, 113], [157, 161]], "ref": "1992, Marilyn Stablein, The Census Taker: Stories of a Traveler in India and Nepal, page 62:", "text": "You will eat water buffalo meat and drink boiled water buffalo milk: buff burgers at Aunt Jane's restaurant, buff mo-mos which are the Tibetan won-tons, and buff steaks at The Globe.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."], "links": [["meat", "meat"], ["buffalo", "buffalo"]], "raw_glosses": ["(informal) A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."], "tags": ["countable", "informal", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag New-Zealand not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Old French", "English verbs", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "derived": [{"word": "blind man's buff"}, {"word": "counterbuff"}, {"word": "rebuff"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "bufer", "4": "", "5": "to cuff, buffet"}, "expansion": "Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”). See buffet (“a blow”).", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "buff (plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[19, 23]], "ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 6:", "text": "Nathless so sore a buff to him it lent / That made him reel.", "type": "quote"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[39, 43]], "ref": "1841, Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Self-Reliance”, in Essays: First Series:", "text": "A man must consider what a blind-man’s-buff is this game of conformity. If I know your sect I anticipate your argument.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A strike; a blow."], "links": [["strike", "strike"], ["blow", "blow"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) A strike; a blow."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff (noun) buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag New-Zealand not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Old French", "English verbs", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "derived": [{"word": "blind man's buff"}, {"word": "counterbuff"}, {"word": "rebuff"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "bufer", "4": "", "5": "to cuff, buffet"}, "expansion": "Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”). See buffet (“a blow”).", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "buff (plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[19, 23]], "ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 6:", "text": "Nathless so sore a buff to him it lent / That made him reel.", "type": "quote"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[39, 43]], "ref": "1841, Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Self-Reliance”, in Essays: First Series:", "text": "A man must consider what a blind-man’s-buff is this game of conformity. If I know your sect I anticipate your argument.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A strike; a blow."], "links": [["strike", "strike"], ["blow", "blow"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) A strike; a blow."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag New-Zealand not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "etymology_number": 5, "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "buff (plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"alt_of": [{"extra": "face armor", "word": "buffe"}], "categories": ["English terms with uncommon senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1899, Selected Lives (orig. by Plutarch), page 317", "text": "For they had helmets on their heads, fashioned like wild beast's necks, and strange beavers or buffs to the same, and wore on their helmets great high plumes of feathers, as they had been wings : […]"}], "glosses": ["Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"], "links": [["buffe", "buffe#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(uncommon) Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"], "tags": ["alt-of", "alternative", "uncommon"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff (noun) buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag New-Zealand not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "etymology_number": 5, "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "buff (plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"alt_of": [{"extra": "face armor", "word": "buffe"}], "categories": ["English terms with uncommon senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1899, Selected Lives (orig. by Plutarch), page 317", "text": "For they had helmets on their heads, fashioned like wild beast's necks, and strange beavers or buffs to the same, and wore on their helmets great high plumes of feathers, as they had been wings : […]"}], "glosses": ["Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"], "links": [["buffe", "buffe#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(uncommon) Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"], "tags": ["alt-of", "alternative", "uncommon"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Northern-England not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle French", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "derived": [{"word": "buff-bellied pipit"}, {"word": "buff-breasted sandpiper"}, {"word": "buff coat"}, {"word": "buffery"}, {"word": "buffhood"}, {"word": "buffish"}, {"word": "buffism"}, {"word": "buff jerkin"}, {"word": "buff nor stye"}, {"word": "buff-tailed bumblebee"}, {"word": "buffware"}, {"word": "buffy"}, {"word": "in the buff"}, {"word": "iron buff"}, {"word": "railbuff"}, {"word": "railway buff"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "buffle", "4": "", "5": "buffalo"}, "expansion": "Middle French buffle (“buffalo”)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From buffe (“leather”), from Middle French buffle (“buffalo”).", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[26, 31]], "ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:", "text": "[…]; but is in a ſuite of buffe […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Undyed leather from the skin of buffalo or similar animals."], "links": [["leather", "leather"], ["buffalo", "buffalo"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["A tool, often one covered with buff leather, used for polishing."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "buff:"}, {"text": "1693, John Dryden (translator), The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis Translated into English Verse, London: Jacob Tonson, Satire 10, lines 307-308, p. 203,\n[…] a Visage rough,\nDeform’d, Unfeatur’d, and a Skin of Buff."}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[29, 33]], "ref": "1929, Dashiell Hammett, chapter 24, in Red Harvest:", "text": "His face changed from tan to buff.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A brownish yellow colour."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[179, 184]], "ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:", "text": "A diuell in an euerlaſting garment hath him ; / On whoſe hard heart is button’d vp with ſteele : / A Feind, a Fairie, pittileſſe and ruffe : / A Wolfe, nay worſe, a fellow all in buffe […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A military coat made of buff leather."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English informal terms", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[20, 24]], "text": "He’s a real history buff. He knows everything there is to know about the civil war.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["A person who is very interested in a particular subject."], "raw_glosses": ["(informal) A person who is very interested in a particular subject."], "synonyms": [{"word": "enthusiast"}, {"word": "aficionado"}, {"word": "fan"}], "tags": ["countable", "informal", "uncountable"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "debuff"}, {"word": "nerf"}], "categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Role-playing games", "en:Video games"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[32, 36]], "text": "I just picked up an epic damage buff! Let's go gank the other team!", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["An effect that makes a character or item stronger."], "links": [["video game", "video game"], ["roleplaying game", "roleplaying game"]], "qualifier": "roleplaying games", "raw_glosses": ["(video games, roleplaying games) An effect that makes a character or item stronger."], "synonyms": [{"word": "revamp"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["video-games"]}, {"categories": ["en:Rail transportation"], "glosses": ["Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."], "links": [["rail transport", "rail transport"], ["Compressive", "compressive"], ["coupler", "coupler"]], "raw_glosses": ["(rail transport) Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["rail-transport", "railways", "transport"]}, {"categories": ["English colloquialisms", "English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[16, 20]], "text": "to strip to the buff", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1880, Thomas Wright, “buff”, in Dictionary of obsolete and provincial English, containing words from the English writers previous to the nineteenth century which are no longer in use, or are not used in the same sense. And words which are now used only in the provincial dialects, volume 1, London: George Bell and Sons, page 265", "text": "To be in buff, is equivalent to being naked.", "type": "quotation"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[129, 133]], "ref": "2021 October 18, Ian Lecklitzner, “The Inevitable Rise of the Work-From-Home Nudist”, in MEL Magazine:", "text": "Not to mention, nudity can be just plain convenient. “Laundry is minimal,” Schulte notes. It also doesn’t hurt that being in the buff spices up his workday.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The bare skin."], "links": [["bare", "bare"], ["skin", "skin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(colloquial) The bare skin."], "senseid": ["en:bare skin"], "tags": ["colloquial", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["The greyish viscid substance constituting the buffy coat."], "links": [["viscid", "viscid"], ["substance", "substance"], ["buffy coat", "buffy coat"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"examples": [{"text": "2014, “Aldergrove’s 856 gang busted, $400,000 in drugs seized,” CBC News, 30 July, 2014,\nPolice say this 20 ton hydraulic jack was used to press mixtures of cocaine and “buff” into brick."}], "glosses": ["Any substance used to dilute (street) drugs in order to increase profits."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "translations": [{"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "word": "liefhebber"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "word": "friikki"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "mordu"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passionné"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aficionado"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Fan"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Enthusiast"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "díograiseoir"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aficionado"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "fantast"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "entusiast"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "ruskeankeltainen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "chamois"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "sárgásbarna"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "bungalan"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "deve tüyü", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "دوه توكی"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "color del ante"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "kyllerfärg"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruñido"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruñimiento"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "bruñidura"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff (noun) buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Northern-England not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle French", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "derived": [{"word": "buff-bellied pipit"}, {"word": "buff-breasted sandpiper"}, {"word": "buff coat"}, {"word": "buffery"}, {"word": "buffhood"}, {"word": "buffish"}, {"word": "buffism"}, {"word": "buff jerkin"}, {"word": "buff nor stye"}, {"word": "buff-tailed bumblebee"}, {"word": "buffware"}, {"word": "buffy"}, {"word": "in the buff"}, {"word": "iron buff"}, {"word": "railbuff"}, {"word": "railway buff"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "buffle", "4": "", "5": "buffalo"}, "expansion": "Middle French buffle (“buffalo”)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From buffe (“leather”), from Middle French buffle (“buffalo”).", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[26, 31]], "ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:", "text": "[…]; but is in a ſuite of buffe […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Undyed leather from the skin of buffalo or similar animals."], "links": [["leather", "leather"], ["buffalo", "buffalo"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["A tool, often one covered with buff leather, used for polishing."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "buff:"}, {"text": "1693, John Dryden (translator), The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis Translated into English Verse, London: Jacob Tonson, Satire 10, lines 307-308, p. 203,\n[…] a Visage rough,\nDeform’d, Unfeatur’d, and a Skin of Buff."}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[29, 33]], "ref": "1929, Dashiell Hammett, chapter 24, in Red Harvest:", "text": "His face changed from tan to buff.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A brownish yellow colour."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[179, 184]], "ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:", "text": "A diuell in an euerlaſting garment hath him ; / On whoſe hard heart is button’d vp with ſteele : / A Feind, a Fairie, pittileſſe and ruffe : / A Wolfe, nay worſe, a fellow all in buffe […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A military coat made of buff leather."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English informal terms", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[20, 24]], "text": "He’s a real history buff. He knows everything there is to know about the civil war.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["A person who is very interested in a particular subject."], "raw_glosses": ["(informal) A person who is very interested in a particular subject."], "synonyms": [{"word": "enthusiast"}, {"word": "aficionado"}, {"word": "fan"}], "tags": ["countable", "informal", "uncountable"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "debuff"}, {"word": "nerf"}], "categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Role-playing games", "en:Video games"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[32, 36]], "text": "I just picked up an epic damage buff! Let's go gank the other team!", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["An effect that makes a character or item stronger."], "links": [["video game", "video game"], ["roleplaying game", "roleplaying game"]], "qualifier": "roleplaying games", "raw_glosses": ["(video games, roleplaying games) An effect that makes a character or item stronger."], "synonyms": [{"word": "revamp"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["video-games"]}, {"categories": ["en:Rail transportation"], "glosses": ["Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."], "links": [["rail transport", "rail transport"], ["Compressive", "compressive"], ["coupler", "coupler"]], "raw_glosses": ["(rail transport) Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["rail-transport", "railways", "transport"]}, {"categories": ["English colloquialisms", "English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[16, 20]], "text": "to strip to the buff", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1880, Thomas Wright, “buff”, in Dictionary of obsolete and provincial English, containing words from the English writers previous to the nineteenth century which are no longer in use, or are not used in the same sense. And words which are now used only in the provincial dialects, volume 1, London: George Bell and Sons, page 265", "text": "To be in buff, is equivalent to being naked.", "type": "quotation"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[129, 133]], "ref": "2021 October 18, Ian Lecklitzner, “The Inevitable Rise of the Work-From-Home Nudist”, in MEL Magazine:", "text": "Not to mention, nudity can be just plain convenient. “Laundry is minimal,” Schulte notes. It also doesn’t hurt that being in the buff spices up his workday.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The bare skin."], "links": [["bare", "bare"], ["skin", "skin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(colloquial) The bare skin."], "senseid": ["en:bare skin"], "tags": ["colloquial", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["The greyish viscid substance constituting the buffy coat."], "links": [["viscid", "viscid"], ["substance", "substance"], ["buffy coat", "buffy coat"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"examples": [{"text": "2014, “Aldergrove’s 856 gang busted, $400,000 in drugs seized,” CBC News, 30 July, 2014,\nPolice say this 20 ton hydraulic jack was used to press mixtures of cocaine and “buff” into brick."}], "glosses": ["Any substance used to dilute (street) drugs in order to increase profits."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "translations": [{"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "word": "liefhebber"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "word": "friikki"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "mordu"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passionné"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aficionado"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Fan"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Enthusiast"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "díograiseoir"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aficionado"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "fantast"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "entusiast"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "ruskeankeltainen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "chamois"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "sárgásbarna"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "bungalan"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "deve tüyü", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "دوه توكی"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "color del ante"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "kyllerfärg"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruñido"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruñimiento"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "bruñidura"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Northern-England not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English clippings", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English uncountable nouns", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "etymology_number": 4, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "buffalo"}, "expansion": "Clipping of buffalo", "name": "clipping"}], "etymology_text": "Clipping of buffalo.", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English informal terms", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[10, 14], [16, 20]], "ref": "2006, Bradley Mayhew, Joe Bindloss, Stan Armington, Nepal:", "text": "[…] diced buff (buffalo) meat, usually heavily spiced […]", "type": "quote"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[19, 23], [55, 59], [69, 73], [109, 113], [157, 161]], "ref": "1992, Marilyn Stablein, The Census Taker: Stories of a Traveler in India and Nepal, page 62:", "text": "You will eat water buffalo meat and drink boiled water buffalo milk: buff burgers at Aunt Jane's restaurant, buff mo-mos which are the Tibetan won-tons, and buff steaks at The Globe.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."], "links": [["meat", "meat"], ["buffalo", "buffalo"]], "raw_glosses": ["(informal) A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."], "tags": ["countable", "informal", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff (noun) buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Northern-England not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English clippings", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English uncountable nouns", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "etymology_number": 4, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "buffalo"}, "expansion": "Clipping of buffalo", "name": "clipping"}], "etymology_text": "Clipping of buffalo.", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English informal terms", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[10, 14], [16, 20]], "ref": "2006, Bradley Mayhew, Joe Bindloss, Stan Armington, Nepal:", "text": "[…] diced buff (buffalo) meat, usually heavily spiced […]", "type": "quote"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[19, 23], [55, 59], [69, 73], [109, 113], [157, 161]], "ref": "1992, Marilyn Stablein, The Census Taker: Stories of a Traveler in India and Nepal, page 62:", "text": "You will eat water buffalo meat and drink boiled water buffalo milk: buff burgers at Aunt Jane's restaurant, buff mo-mos which are the Tibetan won-tons, and buff steaks at The Globe.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."], "links": [["meat", "meat"], ["buffalo", "buffalo"]], "raw_glosses": ["(informal) A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."], "tags": ["countable", "informal", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Northern-England not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Old French", "English verbs", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "derived": [{"word": "blind man's buff"}, {"word": "counterbuff"}, {"word": "rebuff"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "bufer", "4": "", "5": "to cuff, buffet"}, "expansion": "Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”). See buffet (“a blow”).", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "buff (plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[19, 23]], "ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 6:", "text": "Nathless so sore a buff to him it lent / That made him reel.", "type": "quote"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[39, 43]], "ref": "1841, Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Self-Reliance”, in Essays: First Series:", "text": "A man must consider what a blind-man’s-buff is this game of conformity. If I know your sect I anticipate your argument.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A strike; a blow."], "links": [["strike", "strike"], ["blow", "blow"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) A strike; a blow."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff (noun) buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Northern-England not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Old French", "English verbs", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "derived": [{"word": "blind man's buff"}, {"word": "counterbuff"}, {"word": "rebuff"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "bufer", "4": "", "5": "to cuff, buffet"}, "expansion": "Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”). See buffet (“a blow”).", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "buff (plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[19, 23]], "ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 6:", "text": "Nathless so sore a buff to him it lent / That made him reel.", "type": "quote"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[39, 43]], "ref": "1841, Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Self-Reliance”, in Essays: First Series:", "text": "A man must consider what a blind-man’s-buff is this game of conformity. If I know your sect I anticipate your argument.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A strike; a blow."], "links": [["strike", "strike"], ["blow", "blow"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) A strike; a blow."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Northern-England not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "etymology_number": 5, "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "buff (plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"alt_of": [{"extra": "face armor", "word": "buffe"}], "categories": ["English terms with uncommon senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1899, Selected Lives (orig. by Plutarch), page 317", "text": "For they had helmets on their heads, fashioned like wild beast's necks, and strange beavers or buffs to the same, and wore on their helmets great high plumes of feathers, as they had been wings : […]"}], "glosses": ["Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"], "links": [["buffe", "buffe#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(uncommon) Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"], "tags": ["alt-of", "alternative", "uncommon"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff (noun) buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Northern-England not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "etymology_number": 5, "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "buff (plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"alt_of": [{"extra": "face armor", "word": "buffe"}], "categories": ["English terms with uncommon senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1899, Selected Lives (orig. by Plutarch), page 317", "text": "For they had helmets on their heads, fashioned like wild beast's necks, and strange beavers or buffs to the same, and wore on their helmets great high plumes of feathers, as they had been wings : […]"}], "glosses": ["Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"], "links": [["buffe", "buffe#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(uncommon) Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"], "tags": ["alt-of", "alternative", "uncommon"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle French", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "derived": [{"word": "buff-bellied pipit"}, {"word": "buff-breasted sandpiper"}, {"word": "buff coat"}, {"word": "buffery"}, {"word": "buffhood"}, {"word": "buffish"}, {"word": "buffism"}, {"word": "buff jerkin"}, {"word": "buff nor stye"}, {"word": "buff-tailed bumblebee"}, {"word": "buffware"}, {"word": "buffy"}, {"word": "in the buff"}, {"word": "iron buff"}, {"word": "railbuff"}, {"word": "railway buff"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "buffle", "4": "", "5": "buffalo"}, "expansion": "Middle French buffle (“buffalo”)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From buffe (“leather”), from Middle French buffle (“buffalo”).", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[26, 31]], "ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:", "text": "[…]; but is in a ſuite of buffe […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Undyed leather from the skin of buffalo or similar animals."], "links": [["leather", "leather"], ["buffalo", "buffalo"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["A tool, often one covered with buff leather, used for polishing."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "buff:"}, {"text": "1693, John Dryden (translator), The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis Translated into English Verse, London: Jacob Tonson, Satire 10, lines 307-308, p. 203,\n[…] a Visage rough,\nDeform’d, Unfeatur’d, and a Skin of Buff."}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[29, 33]], "ref": "1929, Dashiell Hammett, chapter 24, in Red Harvest:", "text": "His face changed from tan to buff.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A brownish yellow colour."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[179, 184]], "ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:", "text": "A diuell in an euerlaſting garment hath him ; / On whoſe hard heart is button’d vp with ſteele : / A Feind, a Fairie, pittileſſe and ruffe : / A Wolfe, nay worſe, a fellow all in buffe […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A military coat made of buff leather."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English informal terms", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[20, 24]], "text": "He’s a real history buff. He knows everything there is to know about the civil war.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["A person who is very interested in a particular subject."], "raw_glosses": ["(informal) A person who is very interested in a particular subject."], "synonyms": [{"word": "enthusiast"}, {"word": "aficionado"}, {"word": "fan"}], "tags": ["countable", "informal", "uncountable"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "debuff"}, {"word": "nerf"}], "categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Role-playing games", "en:Video games"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[32, 36]], "text": "I just picked up an epic damage buff! Let's go gank the other team!", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["An effect that makes a character or item stronger."], "links": [["video game", "video game"], ["roleplaying game", "roleplaying game"]], "qualifier": "roleplaying games", "raw_glosses": ["(video games, roleplaying games) An effect that makes a character or item stronger."], "synonyms": [{"word": "revamp"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["video-games"]}, {"categories": ["en:Rail transportation"], "glosses": ["Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."], "links": [["rail transport", "rail transport"], ["Compressive", "compressive"], ["coupler", "coupler"]], "raw_glosses": ["(rail transport) Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["rail-transport", "railways", "transport"]}, {"categories": ["English colloquialisms", "English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[16, 20]], "text": "to strip to the buff", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1880, Thomas Wright, “buff”, in Dictionary of obsolete and provincial English, containing words from the English writers previous to the nineteenth century which are no longer in use, or are not used in the same sense. And words which are now used only in the provincial dialects, volume 1, London: George Bell and Sons, page 265", "text": "To be in buff, is equivalent to being naked.", "type": "quotation"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[129, 133]], "ref": "2021 October 18, Ian Lecklitzner, “The Inevitable Rise of the Work-From-Home Nudist”, in MEL Magazine:", "text": "Not to mention, nudity can be just plain convenient. “Laundry is minimal,” Schulte notes. It also doesn’t hurt that being in the buff spices up his workday.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The bare skin."], "links": [["bare", "bare"], ["skin", "skin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(colloquial) The bare skin."], "senseid": ["en:bare skin"], "tags": ["colloquial", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["The greyish viscid substance constituting the buffy coat."], "links": [["viscid", "viscid"], ["substance", "substance"], ["buffy coat", "buffy coat"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"examples": [{"text": "2014, “Aldergrove’s 856 gang busted, $400,000 in drugs seized,” CBC News, 30 July, 2014,\nPolice say this 20 ton hydraulic jack was used to press mixtures of cocaine and “buff” into brick."}], "glosses": ["Any substance used to dilute (street) drugs in order to increase profits."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "translations": [{"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "word": "liefhebber"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "word": "friikki"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "mordu"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passionné"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aficionado"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Fan"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Enthusiast"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "díograiseoir"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aficionado"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "fantast"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "entusiast"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "ruskeankeltainen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "chamois"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "sárgásbarna"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "bungalan"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "deve tüyü", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "دوه توكی"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "color del ante"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "kyllerfärg"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruñido"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruñimiento"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "bruñidura"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff (noun) buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle French", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "derived": [{"word": "buff-bellied pipit"}, {"word": "buff-breasted sandpiper"}, {"word": "buff coat"}, {"word": "buffery"}, {"word": "buffhood"}, {"word": "buffish"}, {"word": "buffism"}, {"word": "buff jerkin"}, {"word": "buff nor stye"}, {"word": "buff-tailed bumblebee"}, {"word": "buffware"}, {"word": "buffy"}, {"word": "in the buff"}, {"word": "iron buff"}, {"word": "railbuff"}, {"word": "railway buff"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "buffle", "4": "", "5": "buffalo"}, "expansion": "Middle French buffle (“buffalo”)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From buffe (“leather”), from Middle French buffle (“buffalo”).", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[26, 31]], "ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:", "text": "[…]; but is in a ſuite of buffe […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Undyed leather from the skin of buffalo or similar animals."], "links": [["leather", "leather"], ["buffalo", "buffalo"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["A tool, often one covered with buff leather, used for polishing."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "buff:"}, {"text": "1693, John Dryden (translator), The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis Translated into English Verse, London: Jacob Tonson, Satire 10, lines 307-308, p. 203,\n[…] a Visage rough,\nDeform’d, Unfeatur’d, and a Skin of Buff."}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[29, 33]], "ref": "1929, Dashiell Hammett, chapter 24, in Red Harvest:", "text": "His face changed from tan to buff.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A brownish yellow colour."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[179, 184]], "ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 94:", "text": "A diuell in an euerlaſting garment hath him ; / On whoſe hard heart is button’d vp with ſteele : / A Feind, a Fairie, pittileſſe and ruffe : / A Wolfe, nay worſe, a fellow all in buffe […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A military coat made of buff leather."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English informal terms", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[20, 24]], "text": "He’s a real history buff. He knows everything there is to know about the civil war.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["A person who is very interested in a particular subject."], "raw_glosses": ["(informal) A person who is very interested in a particular subject."], "synonyms": [{"word": "enthusiast"}, {"word": "aficionado"}, {"word": "fan"}], "tags": ["countable", "informal", "uncountable"]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "debuff"}, {"word": "nerf"}], "categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "en:Role-playing games", "en:Video games"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[32, 36]], "text": "I just picked up an epic damage buff! Let's go gank the other team!", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["An effect that makes a character or item stronger."], "links": [["video game", "video game"], ["roleplaying game", "roleplaying game"]], "qualifier": "roleplaying games", "raw_glosses": ["(video games, roleplaying games) An effect that makes a character or item stronger."], "synonyms": [{"word": "revamp"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["video-games"]}, {"categories": ["en:Rail transportation"], "glosses": ["Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."], "links": [["rail transport", "rail transport"], ["Compressive", "compressive"], ["coupler", "coupler"]], "raw_glosses": ["(rail transport) Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"], "topics": ["rail-transport", "railways", "transport"]}, {"categories": ["English colloquialisms", "English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[16, 20]], "text": "to strip to the buff", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1880, Thomas Wright, “buff”, in Dictionary of obsolete and provincial English, containing words from the English writers previous to the nineteenth century which are no longer in use, or are not used in the same sense. And words which are now used only in the provincial dialects, volume 1, London: George Bell and Sons, page 265", "text": "To be in buff, is equivalent to being naked.", "type": "quotation"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[129, 133]], "ref": "2021 October 18, Ian Lecklitzner, “The Inevitable Rise of the Work-From-Home Nudist”, in MEL Magazine:", "text": "Not to mention, nudity can be just plain convenient. “Laundry is minimal,” Schulte notes. It also doesn’t hurt that being in the buff spices up his workday.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["The bare skin."], "links": [["bare", "bare"], ["skin", "skin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(colloquial) The bare skin."], "senseid": ["en:bare skin"], "tags": ["colloquial", "countable", "uncountable"]}, {"glosses": ["The greyish viscid substance constituting the buffy coat."], "links": [["viscid", "viscid"], ["substance", "substance"], ["buffy coat", "buffy coat"]], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"examples": [{"text": "2014, “Aldergrove’s 856 gang busted, $400,000 in drugs seized,” CBC News, 30 July, 2014,\nPolice say this 20 ton hydraulic jack was used to press mixtures of cocaine and “buff” into brick."}], "glosses": ["Any substance used to dilute (street) drugs in order to increase profits."], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "translations": [{"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "word": "liefhebber"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "word": "friikki"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "mordu"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "passionné"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aficionado"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Fan"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Enthusiast"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "díograiseoir"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "aficionado"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "fantast"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a person who is very interested in a particular subject", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "entusiast"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "ruskeankeltainen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "chamois"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "sárgásbarna"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "bungalan"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "deve tüyü", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "دوه توكی"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "word": "color del ante"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "a brownish yellow colour", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "kyllerfärg"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruñido"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bruñimiento"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in video games", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "bruñidura"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English clippings", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English uncountable nouns", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "etymology_number": 4, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "buffalo"}, "expansion": "Clipping of buffalo", "name": "clipping"}], "etymology_text": "Clipping of buffalo.", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English informal terms", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[10, 14], [16, 20]], "ref": "2006, Bradley Mayhew, Joe Bindloss, Stan Armington, Nepal:", "text": "[…] diced buff (buffalo) meat, usually heavily spiced […]", "type": "quote"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[19, 23], [55, 59], [69, 73], [109, 113], [157, 161]], "ref": "1992, Marilyn Stablein, The Census Taker: Stories of a Traveler in India and Nepal, page 62:", "text": "You will eat water buffalo meat and drink boiled water buffalo milk: buff burgers at Aunt Jane's restaurant, buff mo-mos which are the Tibetan won-tons, and buff steaks at The Globe.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."], "links": [["meat", "meat"], ["buffalo", "buffalo"]], "raw_glosses": ["(informal) A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."], "tags": ["countable", "informal", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff (noun) buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English clippings", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English uncountable nouns", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "etymology_number": 4, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "buffalo"}, "expansion": "Clipping of buffalo", "name": "clipping"}], "etymology_text": "Clipping of buffalo.", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English informal terms", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[10, 14], [16, 20]], "ref": "2006, Bradley Mayhew, Joe Bindloss, Stan Armington, Nepal:", "text": "[…] diced buff (buffalo) meat, usually heavily spiced […]", "type": "quote"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[19, 23], [55, 59], [69, 73], [109, 113], [157, 161]], "ref": "1992, Marilyn Stablein, The Census Taker: Stories of a Traveler in India and Nepal, page 62:", "text": "You will eat water buffalo meat and drink boiled water buffalo milk: buff burgers at Aunt Jane's restaurant, buff mo-mos which are the Tibetan won-tons, and buff steaks at The Globe.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."], "links": [["meat", "meat"], ["buffalo", "buffalo"]], "raw_glosses": ["(informal) A buffalo, or the meat of a buffalo."], "tags": ["countable", "informal", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Old French", "English verbs", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "derived": [{"word": "blind man's buff"}, {"word": "counterbuff"}, {"word": "rebuff"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "bufer", "4": "", "5": "to cuff, buffet"}, "expansion": "Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”). See buffet (“a blow”).", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "buff (plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[19, 23]], "ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 6:", "text": "Nathless so sore a buff to him it lent / That made him reel.", "type": "quote"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[39, 43]], "ref": "1841, Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Self-Reliance”, in Essays: First Series:", "text": "A man must consider what a blind-man’s-buff is this game of conformity. If I know your sect I anticipate your argument.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A strike; a blow."], "links": [["strike", "strike"], ["blow", "blow"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) A strike; a blow."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff (noun) buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Old French", "English verbs", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "derived": [{"word": "blind man's buff"}, {"word": "counterbuff"}, {"word": "rebuff"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "bufer", "4": "", "5": "to cuff, buffet"}, "expansion": "Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Old French bufer (“to cuff, buffet”). See buffet (“a blow”).", "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "buff (plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"bold_text_offsets": [[19, 23]], "ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 6:", "text": "Nathless so sore a buff to him it lent / That made him reel.", "type": "quote"}, {"bold_text_offsets": [[39, 43]], "ref": "1841, Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Self-Reliance”, in Essays: First Series:", "text": "A man must consider what a blind-man’s-buff is this game of conformity. If I know your sect I anticipate your argument.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A strike; a blow."], "links": [["strike", "strike"], ["blow", "blow"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) A strike; a blow."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "etymology_number": 5, "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "buff (plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"alt_of": [{"extra": "face armor", "word": "buffe"}], "categories": ["English terms with uncommon senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1899, Selected Lives (orig. by Plutarch), page 317", "text": "For they had helmets on their heads, fashioned like wild beast's necks, and strange beavers or buffs to the same, and wore on their helmets great high plumes of feathers, as they had been wings : […]"}], "glosses": ["Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"], "links": [["buffe", "buffe#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(uncommon) Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"], "tags": ["alt-of", "alternative", "uncommon"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

buff (noun) buff/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "en:Appearance", "en:Bovines", "en:Browns", "en:Clothing", "en:People", "en:Skin", "en:Tools", "en:Violence", "en:Yellows", "is:Headwear"], "etymology_number": 5, "forms": [{"form": "buffs", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "buff (plural buffs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"alt_of": [{"extra": "face armor", "word": "buffe"}], "categories": ["English terms with uncommon senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1899, Selected Lives (orig. by Plutarch), page 317", "text": "For they had helmets on their heads, fashioned like wild beast's necks, and strange beavers or buffs to the same, and wore on their helmets great high plumes of feathers, as they had been wings : […]"}], "glosses": ["Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"], "links": [["buffe", "buffe#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["(uncommon) Alternative form of buffe (“face armor”)"], "tags": ["alt-of", "alternative", "uncommon"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-bluff.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg/En-au-bluff.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/En-au-bluff.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}], "wikipedia": ["buff"], "word": "buff"}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (85b9f46 and 1b6da77). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.