bourgeois (noun) bourgeois/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English doublets", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English indeclinable nouns", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English nouns with irregular plurals", "English terms borrowed from French", "English terms derived from Frankish", "English terms derived from French", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerǵʰ-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 4 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ɑː", "Rhymes:English/ɑː/2 syllables", "Rhymes:English/ɔɪs", "Rhymes:English/ɔɪs/2 syllables", "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː", "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː/2 syllables", "Rhymes:English/ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː", "Rhymes:English/ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː/2 syllables", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Kapampangan translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "en:People"], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰerǵʰ-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fr", "3": "bourgeois", "4": "", "5": "a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate"}, "expansion": "French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”)", "name": "bor"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "borgeis", "4": "burgeis", "t": "town dweller"}, "expansion": "Old French burgeis (“town dweller”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frk", "3": "*burg"}, "expansion": "Frankish *burg", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*burgz", "4": "", "5": "stronghold; city"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "burgess"}, "expansion": "Doublet of burgess", "name": "doublet"}], "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), from Old French burgeis (“town dweller”), from Frankish *burg, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”) (whence borough). Doublet of burgess; compare also burgish.", "forms": [{"form": "bourgeois", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "-", "2": "bourgeois"}, "expansion": "bourgeois (usually uncountable, plural bourgeois)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [{"word": "bourgeoise"}, {"word": "bourgeoisie"}, {"word": "embourgeoisement"}, {"word": "épater le bourgeois"}, {"word": "petit-bourgeois"}, {"word": "petit bourgeois"}, {"word": "petty-bourgeois"}, {"word": "petty bourgeois"}], "senses": [{"categories": ["English collective nouns", "en:Politics"], "glosses": ["The middle class."], "links": [["politics", "politics"], ["middle class", "middle class"]], "raw_glosses": ["(politics, collectively, usually in the plural) The middle class."], "tags": ["collective", "plural-normally", "uncountable", "usually"], "topics": ["government", "politics"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with rare senses"], "glosses": ["An individual member of the middle class."], "links": [["individual", "individual"], ["member", "member"], ["middle class", "middle class"]], "raw_glosses": ["(rare) An individual member of the middle class."], "tags": ["rare", "uncountable", "usually"]}, {"categories": ["English derogatory terms"], "glosses": ["A person of any class with bourgeois (i.e., overly conventional and materialistic) values and attitudes."], "links": [["derogatory", "derogatory"], ["person", "person"], ["any", "any"], ["class", "class"], ["i.e.", "i.e."], ["over", "over"], ["conventional", "conventional"], ["materialistic", "materialistic"], ["value", "value"], ["attitude", "attitude"]], "raw_glosses": ["(usually derogatory) A person of any class with bourgeois (i.e., overly conventional and materialistic) values and attitudes."], "tags": ["derogatory", "uncountable", "usually"]}, {"categories": ["en:History"], "glosses": ["An individual member of the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime."], "links": [["history", "history"], ["individual", "individual"], ["member", "member"], ["bourgeoisie", "bourgeoisie"], ["third estate", "third estate"], ["French", "French"], ["Ancien Regime", "Ancien Regime"]], "raw_glosses": ["(history) An individual member of the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime."], "tags": ["uncountable", "usually"], "topics": ["history", "human-sciences", "sciences"]}, {"categories": ["English derogatory terms", "en:Marxism"], "glosses": ["A capitalist, (usually derogatory) an exploiter of the proletariat."], "links": [["Marxism", "Marxism"], ["capitalist", "capitalist"], ["derogatory", "derogatory"], ["exploiter", "exploiter"], ["proletariat", "proletariat"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Marxism) A capitalist, (usually derogatory) an exploiter of the proletariat."], "tags": ["Marxism", "uncountable", "usually"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈbɔːʒ.wɑː/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "en-uk-bourgeois.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊɹʒˈwɑː/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈbʊɹʒ.wɑː/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/bʊʒˈwɑː/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈbʊʒ.wɑː/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-bourgeois.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg/En-us-bourgeois.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg"}, {"audio": "en-au-bourgeois.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg/En-au-bourgeois.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː"}, {"rhymes": "-ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː"}, {"rhymes": "-ɑː"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "burgeois"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "burjuwāziyya", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "بُرْجُوَازِيَّة"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "buržuazia", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "բուրժուազիա"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "burges"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "buržuazíja", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржуазі́я"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "mjaščánstva", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "мяшча́нства"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "buržoázija", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржоа́зия"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhōngchǎn jiējí", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "中產階級 /中产阶级"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "buržoazie"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "burĝaro"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "keskiluokka"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "borjuis"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "meánaicme"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "buržoazija", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржоазија"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "burżuazja"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržuazíja", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржуази́я"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "meščánstvo", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "меща́нство"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "feminine"], "word": "буржоа́зија"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["Roman", "feminine"], "word": "buržoázija"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "buržoázia"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "buržoazija"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "meščanstvo"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "burgis"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "buržuazíja", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржуазі́я"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "miščánstvo", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "міща́нство"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "buržua", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "word": "բուրժուա"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "buržuá", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуа́"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "buržúj", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["colloquial", "masculine"], "word": "буржу́й"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "mješčanín", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "мешчані́н"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "mjaščánka", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "мяшча́нка"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "buržoá", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржоа́"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "měšťák"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "buržuj"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "word": "burĝo"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "word": "porvari"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bourgeois"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "bourgeoise"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Bourgeois"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "word": "borjuis"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "buirgéiseach"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "borghese"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "buržuj", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуј"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "buržujka", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржујка"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "burżuj"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "mieszczanin"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "mieszczanka"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "burguês"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "burguesa"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "burghez"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržuá", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуа́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržúj", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["colloquial", "masculine"], "word": "буржу́й"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "meščanín", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "мещани́н"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "meščánka", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "меща́нка"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "бу̀ржӯј"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "bùržūj"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "meštiak"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "buržuj"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "buržuj"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "word": "burgis"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "buržuá", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуа́"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "buržúj", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["colloquial", "masculine"], "word": "буржу́й"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "miščanýn", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "міщани́н"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "miščánka", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "міща́нка"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "měšťák"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "porvari"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "poroporvari"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "borjuis"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obyvátelʹ", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "обыва́тель"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obyvátelʹnica", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "обыва́тельница"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "meščanín", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "мещани́н"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "meščánka", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "меща́нка"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "burgis"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "burjuva"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "kentsoylu"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "member of the Third Estate", "word": "porvari"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "member of the Third Estate", "word": "borjuis"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržuá", "sense": "member of the Third Estate", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуа́"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "member of the Third Estate", "word": "burgis"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "buržoa"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "burgøjser"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "word": "porvari"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "word": "lahtari"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "astós", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "αστός"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "word": "borjuis"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržuá", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуа́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržúj", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "tags": ["colloquial", "masculine"], "word": "буржу́й"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "word": "burgis"}], "word": "bourgeois"}
bourgeois (noun) bourgeois/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English doublets", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English indeclinable nouns", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English nouns with irregular plurals", "English terms borrowed from French", "English terms derived from Frankish", "English terms derived from French", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerǵʰ-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 4 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ɑː", "Rhymes:English/ɑː/2 syllables", "Rhymes:English/ɔɪs", "Rhymes:English/ɔɪs/2 syllables", "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː", "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː/2 syllables", "Rhymes:English/ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː", "Rhymes:English/ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː/2 syllables", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Kapampangan translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "en:People"], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰerǵʰ-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fr", "3": "bourgeois", "4": "", "5": "a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate"}, "expansion": "French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”)", "name": "bor"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "borgeis", "4": "burgeis", "t": "town dweller"}, "expansion": "Old French burgeis (“town dweller”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frk", "3": "*burg"}, "expansion": "Frankish *burg", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*burgz", "4": "", "5": "stronghold; city"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "burgess"}, "expansion": "Doublet of burgess", "name": "doublet"}], "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), from Old French burgeis (“town dweller”), from Frankish *burg, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”) (whence borough). Doublet of burgess; compare also burgish.", "forms": [{"form": "bourgeois", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "-", "2": "bourgeois"}, "expansion": "bourgeois (usually uncountable, plural bourgeois)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [{"word": "bourgeoise"}, {"word": "bourgeoisie"}, {"word": "embourgeoisement"}, {"word": "épater le bourgeois"}, {"word": "petit-bourgeois"}, {"word": "petit bourgeois"}, {"word": "petty-bourgeois"}, {"word": "petty bourgeois"}], "senses": [{"categories": ["English collective nouns", "en:Politics"], "glosses": ["The middle class."], "links": [["politics", "politics"], ["middle class", "middle class"]], "raw_glosses": ["(politics, collectively, usually in the plural) The middle class."], "tags": ["collective", "plural-normally", "uncountable", "usually"], "topics": ["government", "politics"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with rare senses"], "glosses": ["An individual member of the middle class."], "links": [["individual", "individual"], ["member", "member"], ["middle class", "middle class"]], "raw_glosses": ["(rare) An individual member of the middle class."], "tags": ["rare", "uncountable", "usually"]}, {"categories": ["English derogatory terms"], "glosses": ["A person of any class with bourgeois (i.e., overly conventional and materialistic) values and attitudes."], "links": [["derogatory", "derogatory"], ["person", "person"], ["any", "any"], ["class", "class"], ["i.e.", "i.e."], ["over", "over"], ["conventional", "conventional"], ["materialistic", "materialistic"], ["value", "value"], ["attitude", "attitude"]], "raw_glosses": ["(usually derogatory) A person of any class with bourgeois (i.e., overly conventional and materialistic) values and attitudes."], "tags": ["derogatory", "uncountable", "usually"]}, {"categories": ["en:History"], "glosses": ["An individual member of the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime."], "links": [["history", "history"], ["individual", "individual"], ["member", "member"], ["bourgeoisie", "bourgeoisie"], ["third estate", "third estate"], ["French", "French"], ["Ancien Regime", "Ancien Regime"]], "raw_glosses": ["(history) An individual member of the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime."], "tags": ["uncountable", "usually"], "topics": ["history", "human-sciences", "sciences"]}, {"categories": ["English derogatory terms", "en:Marxism"], "glosses": ["A capitalist, (usually derogatory) an exploiter of the proletariat."], "links": [["Marxism", "Marxism"], ["capitalist", "capitalist"], ["derogatory", "derogatory"], ["exploiter", "exploiter"], ["proletariat", "proletariat"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Marxism) A capitalist, (usually derogatory) an exploiter of the proletariat."], "tags": ["Marxism", "uncountable", "usually"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈbɔːʒ.wɑː/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "en-uk-bourgeois.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊɹʒˈwɑː/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈbʊɹʒ.wɑː/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/bʊʒˈwɑː/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈbʊʒ.wɑː/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-bourgeois.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg/En-us-bourgeois.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg"}, {"audio": "en-au-bourgeois.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg/En-au-bourgeois.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː"}, {"rhymes": "-ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː"}, {"rhymes": "-ɑː"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "burgeois"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "burjuwāziyya", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "بُرْجُوَازِيَّة"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "buržuazia", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "բուրժուազիա"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "burges"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "buržuazíja", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржуазі́я"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "mjaščánstva", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "мяшча́нства"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "buržoázija", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржоа́зия"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhōngchǎn jiējí", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "中產階級 /中产阶级"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "buržoazie"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "burĝaro"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "keskiluokka"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "borjuis"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "meánaicme"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "buržoazija", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржоазија"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "burżuazja"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržuazíja", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржуази́я"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "meščánstvo", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "меща́нство"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "feminine"], "word": "буржоа́зија"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["Roman", "feminine"], "word": "buržoázija"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "buržoázia"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "buržoazija"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "meščanstvo"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "burgis"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "buržuazíja", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржуазі́я"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "miščánstvo", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "міща́нство"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "buržua", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "word": "բուրժուա"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "buržuá", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуа́"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "buržúj", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["colloquial", "masculine"], "word": "буржу́й"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "mješčanín", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "мешчані́н"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "mjaščánka", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "мяшча́нка"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "buržoá", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржоа́"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "měšťák"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "buržuj"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "word": "burĝo"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "word": "porvari"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bourgeois"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "bourgeoise"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Bourgeois"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "word": "borjuis"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "buirgéiseach"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "borghese"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "buržuj", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуј"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "buržujka", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржујка"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "burżuj"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "mieszczanin"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "mieszczanka"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "burguês"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "burguesa"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "burghez"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržuá", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуа́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržúj", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["colloquial", "masculine"], "word": "буржу́й"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "meščanín", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "мещани́н"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "meščánka", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "меща́нка"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "бу̀ржӯј"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "bùržūj"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "meštiak"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "buržuj"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "buržuj"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "word": "burgis"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "buržuá", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуа́"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "buržúj", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["colloquial", "masculine"], "word": "буржу́й"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "miščanýn", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "міщани́н"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "miščánka", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "міща́нка"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "měšťák"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "porvari"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "poroporvari"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "borjuis"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obyvátelʹ", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "обыва́тель"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obyvátelʹnica", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "обыва́тельница"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "meščanín", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "мещани́н"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "meščánka", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "меща́нка"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "burgis"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "burjuva"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "kentsoylu"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "member of the Third Estate", "word": "porvari"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "member of the Third Estate", "word": "borjuis"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržuá", "sense": "member of the Third Estate", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуа́"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "member of the Third Estate", "word": "burgis"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "buržoa"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "burgøjser"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "word": "porvari"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "word": "lahtari"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "astós", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "αστός"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "word": "borjuis"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržuá", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуа́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržúj", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "tags": ["colloquial", "masculine"], "word": "буржу́й"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "word": "burgis"}], "word": "bourgeois"}
bourgeois (noun) bourgeois/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English doublets", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English indeclinable nouns", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English nouns with irregular plurals", "English terms borrowed from French", "English terms derived from Frankish", "English terms derived from French", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerǵʰ-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 4 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ɑː", "Rhymes:English/ɑː/2 syllables", "Rhymes:English/ɔɪs", "Rhymes:English/ɔɪs/2 syllables", "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː", "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː/2 syllables", "Rhymes:English/ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː", "Rhymes:English/ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː/2 syllables", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Kapampangan translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "en:People"], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰerǵʰ-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fr", "3": "bourgeois", "4": "", "5": "a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate"}, "expansion": "French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”)", "name": "bor"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "borgeis", "4": "burgeis", "t": "town dweller"}, "expansion": "Old French burgeis (“town dweller”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frk", "3": "*burg"}, "expansion": "Frankish *burg", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*burgz", "4": "", "5": "stronghold; city"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "burgess"}, "expansion": "Doublet of burgess", "name": "doublet"}], "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), from Old French burgeis (“town dweller”), from Frankish *burg, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”) (whence borough). Doublet of burgess; compare also burgish.", "forms": [{"form": "bourgeois", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "-", "2": "bourgeois"}, "expansion": "bourgeois (usually uncountable, plural bourgeois)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [{"word": "bourgeoise"}, {"word": "bourgeoisie"}, {"word": "embourgeoisement"}, {"word": "épater le bourgeois"}, {"word": "petit-bourgeois"}, {"word": "petit bourgeois"}, {"word": "petty-bourgeois"}, {"word": "petty bourgeois"}], "senses": [{"categories": ["English collective nouns", "en:Politics"], "glosses": ["The middle class."], "links": [["politics", "politics"], ["middle class", "middle class"]], "raw_glosses": ["(politics, collectively, usually in the plural) The middle class."], "tags": ["collective", "plural-normally", "uncountable", "usually"], "topics": ["government", "politics"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with rare senses"], "glosses": ["An individual member of the middle class."], "links": [["individual", "individual"], ["member", "member"], ["middle class", "middle class"]], "raw_glosses": ["(rare) An individual member of the middle class."], "tags": ["rare", "uncountable", "usually"]}, {"categories": ["English derogatory terms"], "glosses": ["A person of any class with bourgeois (i.e., overly conventional and materialistic) values and attitudes."], "links": [["derogatory", "derogatory"], ["person", "person"], ["any", "any"], ["class", "class"], ["i.e.", "i.e."], ["over", "over"], ["conventional", "conventional"], ["materialistic", "materialistic"], ["value", "value"], ["attitude", "attitude"]], "raw_glosses": ["(usually derogatory) A person of any class with bourgeois (i.e., overly conventional and materialistic) values and attitudes."], "tags": ["derogatory", "uncountable", "usually"]}, {"categories": ["en:History"], "glosses": ["An individual member of the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime."], "links": [["history", "history"], ["individual", "individual"], ["member", "member"], ["bourgeoisie", "bourgeoisie"], ["third estate", "third estate"], ["French", "French"], ["Ancien Regime", "Ancien Regime"]], "raw_glosses": ["(history) An individual member of the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime."], "tags": ["uncountable", "usually"], "topics": ["history", "human-sciences", "sciences"]}, {"categories": ["English derogatory terms", "en:Marxism"], "glosses": ["A capitalist, (usually derogatory) an exploiter of the proletariat."], "links": [["Marxism", "Marxism"], ["capitalist", "capitalist"], ["derogatory", "derogatory"], ["exploiter", "exploiter"], ["proletariat", "proletariat"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Marxism) A capitalist, (usually derogatory) an exploiter of the proletariat."], "tags": ["Marxism", "uncountable", "usually"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈbɔːʒ.wɑː/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "en-uk-bourgeois.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊɹʒˈwɑː/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈbʊɹʒ.wɑː/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/bʊʒˈwɑː/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈbʊʒ.wɑː/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-bourgeois.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg/En-us-bourgeois.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg"}, {"audio": "en-au-bourgeois.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg/En-au-bourgeois.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː"}, {"rhymes": "-ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː"}, {"rhymes": "-ɑː"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "burgeois"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "burjuwāziyya", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "بُرْجُوَازِيَّة"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "buržuazia", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "բուրժուազիա"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "burges"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "buržuazíja", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржуазі́я"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "mjaščánstva", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "мяшча́нства"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "buržoázija", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржоа́зия"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhōngchǎn jiējí", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "中產階級 /中产阶级"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "buržoazie"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "burĝaro"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "keskiluokka"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "borjuis"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "meánaicme"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "buržoazija", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржоазија"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "burżuazja"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržuazíja", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржуази́я"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "meščánstvo", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "меща́нство"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "feminine"], "word": "буржоа́зија"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["Roman", "feminine"], "word": "buržoázija"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "buržoázia"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "buržoazija"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "meščanstvo"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "burgis"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "buržuazíja", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржуазі́я"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "miščánstvo", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "міща́нство"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "buržua", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "word": "բուրժուա"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "buržuá", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуа́"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "buržúj", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["colloquial", "masculine"], "word": "буржу́й"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "mješčanín", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "мешчані́н"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "mjaščánka", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "мяшча́нка"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "buržoá", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржоа́"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "měšťák"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "buržuj"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "word": "burĝo"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "word": "porvari"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bourgeois"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "bourgeoise"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Bourgeois"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "word": "borjuis"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "buirgéiseach"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "borghese"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "buržuj", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуј"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "buržujka", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржујка"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "burżuj"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "mieszczanin"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "mieszczanka"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "burguês"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "burguesa"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "burghez"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržuá", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуа́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržúj", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["colloquial", "masculine"], "word": "буржу́й"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "meščanín", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "мещани́н"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "meščánka", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "меща́нка"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "бу̀ржӯј"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "bùržūj"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "meštiak"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "buržuj"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "buržuj"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "word": "burgis"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "buržuá", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуа́"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "buržúj", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["colloquial", "masculine"], "word": "буржу́й"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "miščanýn", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "міщани́н"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "miščánka", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "міща́нка"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "měšťák"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "porvari"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "poroporvari"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "borjuis"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obyvátelʹ", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "обыва́тель"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obyvátelʹnica", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "обыва́тельница"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "meščanín", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "мещани́н"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "meščánka", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "меща́нка"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "burgis"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "burjuva"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "kentsoylu"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "member of the Third Estate", "word": "porvari"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "member of the Third Estate", "word": "borjuis"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržuá", "sense": "member of the Third Estate", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуа́"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "member of the Third Estate", "word": "burgis"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "buržoa"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "burgøjser"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "word": "porvari"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "word": "lahtari"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "astós", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "αστός"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "word": "borjuis"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržuá", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуа́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržúj", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "tags": ["colloquial", "masculine"], "word": "буржу́й"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "word": "burgis"}], "word": "bourgeois"}
bourgeois (noun) bourgeois/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English doublets", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English indeclinable nouns", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English nouns with irregular plurals", "English terms borrowed from French", "English terms derived from Frankish", "English terms derived from French", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerǵʰ-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 4 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ɑː", "Rhymes:English/ɑː/2 syllables", "Rhymes:English/ɔɪs", "Rhymes:English/ɔɪs/2 syllables", "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː", "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː/2 syllables", "Rhymes:English/ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː", "Rhymes:English/ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː/2 syllables", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Kapampangan translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "en:People"], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰerǵʰ-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fr", "3": "bourgeois", "4": "", "5": "a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate"}, "expansion": "French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”)", "name": "bor"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "borgeis", "4": "burgeis", "t": "town dweller"}, "expansion": "Old French burgeis (“town dweller”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frk", "3": "*burg"}, "expansion": "Frankish *burg", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*burgz", "4": "", "5": "stronghold; city"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "burgess"}, "expansion": "Doublet of burgess", "name": "doublet"}], "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), from Old French burgeis (“town dweller”), from Frankish *burg, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”) (whence borough). Doublet of burgess; compare also burgish.", "forms": [{"form": "bourgeois", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "-", "2": "bourgeois"}, "expansion": "bourgeois (usually uncountable, plural bourgeois)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [{"word": "bourgeoise"}, {"word": "bourgeoisie"}, {"word": "embourgeoisement"}, {"word": "épater le bourgeois"}, {"word": "petit-bourgeois"}, {"word": "petit bourgeois"}, {"word": "petty-bourgeois"}, {"word": "petty bourgeois"}], "senses": [{"categories": ["English collective nouns", "en:Politics"], "glosses": ["The middle class."], "links": [["politics", "politics"], ["middle class", "middle class"]], "raw_glosses": ["(politics, collectively, usually in the plural) The middle class."], "tags": ["collective", "plural-normally", "uncountable", "usually"], "topics": ["government", "politics"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with rare senses"], "glosses": ["An individual member of the middle class."], "links": [["individual", "individual"], ["member", "member"], ["middle class", "middle class"]], "raw_glosses": ["(rare) An individual member of the middle class."], "tags": ["rare", "uncountable", "usually"]}, {"categories": ["English derogatory terms"], "glosses": ["A person of any class with bourgeois (i.e., overly conventional and materialistic) values and attitudes."], "links": [["derogatory", "derogatory"], ["person", "person"], ["any", "any"], ["class", "class"], ["i.e.", "i.e."], ["over", "over"], ["conventional", "conventional"], ["materialistic", "materialistic"], ["value", "value"], ["attitude", "attitude"]], "raw_glosses": ["(usually derogatory) A person of any class with bourgeois (i.e., overly conventional and materialistic) values and attitudes."], "tags": ["derogatory", "uncountable", "usually"]}, {"categories": ["en:History"], "glosses": ["An individual member of the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime."], "links": [["history", "history"], ["individual", "individual"], ["member", "member"], ["bourgeoisie", "bourgeoisie"], ["third estate", "third estate"], ["French", "French"], ["Ancien Regime", "Ancien Regime"]], "raw_glosses": ["(history) An individual member of the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime."], "tags": ["uncountable", "usually"], "topics": ["history", "human-sciences", "sciences"]}, {"categories": ["English derogatory terms", "en:Marxism"], "glosses": ["A capitalist, (usually derogatory) an exploiter of the proletariat."], "links": [["Marxism", "Marxism"], ["capitalist", "capitalist"], ["derogatory", "derogatory"], ["exploiter", "exploiter"], ["proletariat", "proletariat"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Marxism) A capitalist, (usually derogatory) an exploiter of the proletariat."], "tags": ["Marxism", "uncountable", "usually"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈbɔːʒ.wɑː/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "en-uk-bourgeois.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊɹʒˈwɑː/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈbʊɹʒ.wɑː/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/bʊʒˈwɑː/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈbʊʒ.wɑː/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-bourgeois.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg/En-us-bourgeois.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg"}, {"audio": "en-au-bourgeois.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg/En-au-bourgeois.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː"}, {"rhymes": "-ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː"}, {"rhymes": "-ɑː"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "burgeois"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "burjuwāziyya", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "بُرْجُوَازِيَّة"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "buržuazia", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "բուրժուազիա"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "burges"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "buržuazíja", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржуазі́я"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "mjaščánstva", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "мяшча́нства"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "buržoázija", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржоа́зия"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhōngchǎn jiējí", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "中產階級 /中产阶级"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "buržoazie"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "burĝaro"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "keskiluokka"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "borjuis"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "meánaicme"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "buržoazija", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржоазија"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "burżuazja"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržuazíja", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржуази́я"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "meščánstvo", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "меща́нство"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "feminine"], "word": "буржоа́зија"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["Roman", "feminine"], "word": "buržoázija"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "buržoázia"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "buržoazija"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "meščanstvo"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "burgis"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "buržuazíja", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржуазі́я"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "miščánstvo", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "міща́нство"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "buržua", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "word": "բուրժուա"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "buržuá", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуа́"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "buržúj", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["colloquial", "masculine"], "word": "буржу́й"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "mješčanín", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "мешчані́н"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "mjaščánka", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "мяшча́нка"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "buržoá", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржоа́"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "měšťák"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "buržuj"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "word": "burĝo"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "word": "porvari"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bourgeois"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "bourgeoise"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Bourgeois"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "word": "borjuis"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "buirgéiseach"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "borghese"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "buržuj", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуј"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "buržujka", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржујка"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "burżuj"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "mieszczanin"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "mieszczanka"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "burguês"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "burguesa"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "burghez"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržuá", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуа́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržúj", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["colloquial", "masculine"], "word": "буржу́й"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "meščanín", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "мещани́н"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "meščánka", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "меща́нка"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "бу̀ржӯј"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "bùržūj"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "meštiak"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "buržuj"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "buržuj"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "word": "burgis"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "buržuá", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуа́"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "buržúj", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["colloquial", "masculine"], "word": "буржу́й"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "miščanýn", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "міщани́н"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "miščánka", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "міща́нка"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "měšťák"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "porvari"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "poroporvari"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "borjuis"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obyvátelʹ", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "обыва́тель"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obyvátelʹnica", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "обыва́тельница"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "meščanín", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "мещани́н"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "meščánka", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "меща́нка"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "burgis"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "burjuva"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "kentsoylu"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "member of the Third Estate", "word": "porvari"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "member of the Third Estate", "word": "borjuis"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržuá", "sense": "member of the Third Estate", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуа́"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "member of the Third Estate", "word": "burgis"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "buržoa"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "burgøjser"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "word": "porvari"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "word": "lahtari"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "astós", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "αστός"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "word": "borjuis"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržuá", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуа́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržúj", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "tags": ["colloquial", "masculine"], "word": "буржу́й"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "word": "burgis"}], "word": "bourgeois"}
bourgeois (noun) bourgeois/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English doublets", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English indeclinable nouns", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English nouns with irregular plurals", "English terms borrowed from French", "English terms derived from Frankish", "English terms derived from French", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerǵʰ-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 4 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ɑː", "Rhymes:English/ɑː/2 syllables", "Rhymes:English/ɔɪs", "Rhymes:English/ɔɪs/2 syllables", "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː", "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː/2 syllables", "Rhymes:English/ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː", "Rhymes:English/ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː/2 syllables", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Kapampangan translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "en:People"], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰerǵʰ-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fr", "3": "bourgeois", "4": "", "5": "a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate"}, "expansion": "French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”)", "name": "bor"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "borgeis", "4": "burgeis", "t": "town dweller"}, "expansion": "Old French burgeis (“town dweller”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frk", "3": "*burg"}, "expansion": "Frankish *burg", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*burgz", "4": "", "5": "stronghold; city"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "burgess"}, "expansion": "Doublet of burgess", "name": "doublet"}], "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), from Old French burgeis (“town dweller”), from Frankish *burg, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”) (whence borough). Doublet of burgess; compare also burgish.", "forms": [{"form": "bourgeois", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "-", "2": "bourgeois"}, "expansion": "bourgeois (usually uncountable, plural bourgeois)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [{"word": "bourgeoise"}, {"word": "bourgeoisie"}, {"word": "embourgeoisement"}, {"word": "épater le bourgeois"}, {"word": "petit-bourgeois"}, {"word": "petit bourgeois"}, {"word": "petty-bourgeois"}, {"word": "petty bourgeois"}], "senses": [{"categories": ["English collective nouns", "en:Politics"], "glosses": ["The middle class."], "links": [["politics", "politics"], ["middle class", "middle class"]], "raw_glosses": ["(politics, collectively, usually in the plural) The middle class."], "tags": ["collective", "plural-normally", "uncountable", "usually"], "topics": ["government", "politics"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with rare senses"], "glosses": ["An individual member of the middle class."], "links": [["individual", "individual"], ["member", "member"], ["middle class", "middle class"]], "raw_glosses": ["(rare) An individual member of the middle class."], "tags": ["rare", "uncountable", "usually"]}, {"categories": ["English derogatory terms"], "glosses": ["A person of any class with bourgeois (i.e., overly conventional and materialistic) values and attitudes."], "links": [["derogatory", "derogatory"], ["person", "person"], ["any", "any"], ["class", "class"], ["i.e.", "i.e."], ["over", "over"], ["conventional", "conventional"], ["materialistic", "materialistic"], ["value", "value"], ["attitude", "attitude"]], "raw_glosses": ["(usually derogatory) A person of any class with bourgeois (i.e., overly conventional and materialistic) values and attitudes."], "tags": ["derogatory", "uncountable", "usually"]}, {"categories": ["en:History"], "glosses": ["An individual member of the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime."], "links": [["history", "history"], ["individual", "individual"], ["member", "member"], ["bourgeoisie", "bourgeoisie"], ["third estate", "third estate"], ["French", "French"], ["Ancien Regime", "Ancien Regime"]], "raw_glosses": ["(history) An individual member of the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime."], "tags": ["uncountable", "usually"], "topics": ["history", "human-sciences", "sciences"]}, {"categories": ["English derogatory terms", "en:Marxism"], "glosses": ["A capitalist, (usually derogatory) an exploiter of the proletariat."], "links": [["Marxism", "Marxism"], ["capitalist", "capitalist"], ["derogatory", "derogatory"], ["exploiter", "exploiter"], ["proletariat", "proletariat"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Marxism) A capitalist, (usually derogatory) an exploiter of the proletariat."], "tags": ["Marxism", "uncountable", "usually"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈbɔːʒ.wɑː/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "en-uk-bourgeois.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊɹʒˈwɑː/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈbʊɹʒ.wɑː/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/bʊʒˈwɑː/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈbʊʒ.wɑː/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-bourgeois.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg/En-us-bourgeois.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg"}, {"audio": "en-au-bourgeois.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg/En-au-bourgeois.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː"}, {"rhymes": "-ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː"}, {"rhymes": "-ɑː"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "burgeois"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "burjuwāziyya", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "بُرْجُوَازِيَّة"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "buržuazia", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "բուրժուազիա"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "burges"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "buržuazíja", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржуазі́я"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "mjaščánstva", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "мяшча́нства"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "buržoázija", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржоа́зия"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhōngchǎn jiējí", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "中產階級 /中产阶级"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "buržoazie"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "burĝaro"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "keskiluokka"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "borjuis"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "meánaicme"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "buržoazija", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржоазија"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "burżuazja"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržuazíja", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржуази́я"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "meščánstvo", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "меща́нство"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "feminine"], "word": "буржоа́зија"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["Roman", "feminine"], "word": "buržoázija"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "buržoázia"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "buržoazija"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "meščanstvo"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "burgis"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "buržuazíja", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржуазі́я"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "miščánstvo", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "міща́нство"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "buržua", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "word": "բուրժուա"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "buržuá", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуа́"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "buržúj", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["colloquial", "masculine"], "word": "буржу́й"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "mješčanín", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "мешчані́н"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "mjaščánka", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "мяшча́нка"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "buržoá", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржоа́"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "měšťák"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "buržuj"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "word": "burĝo"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "word": "porvari"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bourgeois"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "bourgeoise"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Bourgeois"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "word": "borjuis"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "buirgéiseach"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "borghese"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "buržuj", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуј"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "buržujka", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржујка"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "burżuj"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "mieszczanin"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "mieszczanka"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "burguês"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "burguesa"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "burghez"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržuá", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуа́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržúj", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["colloquial", "masculine"], "word": "буржу́й"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "meščanín", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "мещани́н"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "meščánka", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "меща́нка"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "бу̀ржӯј"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "bùržūj"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "meštiak"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "buržuj"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "buržuj"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "word": "burgis"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "buržuá", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуа́"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "buržúj", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["colloquial", "masculine"], "word": "буржу́й"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "miščanýn", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "міщани́н"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "miščánka", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "міща́нка"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "měšťák"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "porvari"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "poroporvari"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "borjuis"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obyvátelʹ", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "обыва́тель"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obyvátelʹnica", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "обыва́тельница"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "meščanín", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "мещани́н"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "meščánka", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "меща́нка"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "burgis"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "burjuva"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "kentsoylu"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "member of the Third Estate", "word": "porvari"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "member of the Third Estate", "word": "borjuis"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržuá", "sense": "member of the Third Estate", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуа́"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "member of the Third Estate", "word": "burgis"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "buržoa"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "burgøjser"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "word": "porvari"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "word": "lahtari"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "astós", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "αστός"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "word": "borjuis"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržuá", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуа́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržúj", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "tags": ["colloquial", "masculine"], "word": "буржу́й"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "word": "burgis"}], "word": "bourgeois"}
bourgeois (noun) bourgeois/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English doublets", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English indeclinable nouns", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English nouns with irregular plurals", "English terms borrowed from French", "English terms derived from Frankish", "English terms derived from French", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerǵʰ-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 4 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ɑː", "Rhymes:English/ɑː/2 syllables", "Rhymes:English/ɔɪs", "Rhymes:English/ɔɪs/2 syllables", "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː", "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː/2 syllables", "Rhymes:English/ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː", "Rhymes:English/ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː/2 syllables", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Kapampangan translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "en:People"], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰerǵʰ-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fr", "3": "bourgeois", "4": "", "5": "a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate"}, "expansion": "French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”)", "name": "bor"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "borgeis", "4": "burgeis", "t": "town dweller"}, "expansion": "Old French burgeis (“town dweller”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frk", "3": "*burg"}, "expansion": "Frankish *burg", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*burgz", "4": "", "5": "stronghold; city"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "burgess"}, "expansion": "Doublet of burgess", "name": "doublet"}], "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), from Old French burgeis (“town dweller”), from Frankish *burg, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”) (whence borough). Doublet of burgess; compare also burgish.", "forms": [{"form": "bourgeois", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "-", "2": "bourgeois"}, "expansion": "bourgeois (usually uncountable, plural bourgeois)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [{"word": "bourgeoise"}, {"word": "bourgeoisie"}, {"word": "embourgeoisement"}, {"word": "épater le bourgeois"}, {"word": "petit-bourgeois"}, {"word": "petit bourgeois"}, {"word": "petty-bourgeois"}, {"word": "petty bourgeois"}], "senses": [{"categories": ["English collective nouns", "en:Politics"], "glosses": ["The middle class."], "links": [["politics", "politics"], ["middle class", "middle class"]], "raw_glosses": ["(politics, collectively, usually in the plural) The middle class."], "tags": ["collective", "plural-normally", "uncountable", "usually"], "topics": ["government", "politics"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with rare senses"], "glosses": ["An individual member of the middle class."], "links": [["individual", "individual"], ["member", "member"], ["middle class", "middle class"]], "raw_glosses": ["(rare) An individual member of the middle class."], "tags": ["rare", "uncountable", "usually"]}, {"categories": ["English derogatory terms"], "glosses": ["A person of any class with bourgeois (i.e., overly conventional and materialistic) values and attitudes."], "links": [["derogatory", "derogatory"], ["person", "person"], ["any", "any"], ["class", "class"], ["i.e.", "i.e."], ["over", "over"], ["conventional", "conventional"], ["materialistic", "materialistic"], ["value", "value"], ["attitude", "attitude"]], "raw_glosses": ["(usually derogatory) A person of any class with bourgeois (i.e., overly conventional and materialistic) values and attitudes."], "tags": ["derogatory", "uncountable", "usually"]}, {"categories": ["en:History"], "glosses": ["An individual member of the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime."], "links": [["history", "history"], ["individual", "individual"], ["member", "member"], ["bourgeoisie", "bourgeoisie"], ["third estate", "third estate"], ["French", "French"], ["Ancien Regime", "Ancien Regime"]], "raw_glosses": ["(history) An individual member of the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime."], "tags": ["uncountable", "usually"], "topics": ["history", "human-sciences", "sciences"]}, {"categories": ["English derogatory terms", "en:Marxism"], "glosses": ["A capitalist, (usually derogatory) an exploiter of the proletariat."], "links": [["Marxism", "Marxism"], ["capitalist", "capitalist"], ["derogatory", "derogatory"], ["exploiter", "exploiter"], ["proletariat", "proletariat"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Marxism) A capitalist, (usually derogatory) an exploiter of the proletariat."], "tags": ["Marxism", "uncountable", "usually"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈbɔːʒ.wɑː/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "en-uk-bourgeois.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bʊɹʒˈwɑː/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈbʊɹʒ.wɑː/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/bʊʒˈwɑː/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈbʊʒ.wɑː/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-bourgeois.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg/En-us-bourgeois.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg"}, {"audio": "en-au-bourgeois.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg/En-au-bourgeois.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː"}, {"rhymes": "-ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː"}, {"rhymes": "-ɑː"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "burgeois"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "burjuwāziyya", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "بُرْجُوَازِيَّة"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "buržuazia", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "բուրժուազիա"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "burges"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "buržuazíja", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржуазі́я"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "mjaščánstva", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "мяшча́нства"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "buržoázija", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржоа́зия"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhōngchǎn jiējí", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "中產階級 /中产阶级"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "buržoazie"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "burĝaro"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "keskiluokka"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "borjuis"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "meánaicme"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "buržoazija", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржоазија"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "burżuazja"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržuazíja", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржуази́я"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "meščánstvo", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "меща́нство"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "feminine"], "word": "буржоа́зија"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["Roman", "feminine"], "word": "buržoázija"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "buržoázia"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "buržoazija"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "meščanstvo"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "the middle class", "word": "burgis"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "buržuazíja", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржуазі́я"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "miščánstvo", "sense": "the middle class", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "міща́нство"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "buržua", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "word": "բուրժուա"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "buržuá", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуа́"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "buržúj", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["colloquial", "masculine"], "word": "буржу́й"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "mješčanín", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "мешчані́н"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "mjaščánka", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "мяшча́нка"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "buržoá", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржоа́"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "měšťák"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "buržuj"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "word": "burĝo"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "word": "porvari"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "bourgeois"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "bourgeoise"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Bourgeois"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "word": "borjuis"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "buirgéiseach"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine", "masculine"], "word": "borghese"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "buržuj", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуј"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "buržujka", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "буржујка"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "burżuj"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "mieszczanin"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "mieszczanka"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "burguês"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "burguesa"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "burghez"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržuá", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуа́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržúj", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["colloquial", "masculine"], "word": "буржу́й"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "meščanín", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "мещани́н"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "meščánka", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "меща́нка"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "бу̀ржӯј"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "bùržūj"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "meštiak"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "buržuj"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "buržuj"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "word": "burgis"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "buržuá", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуа́"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "buržúj", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["colloquial", "masculine"], "word": "буржу́й"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "miščanýn", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "міщани́н"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "miščánka", "sense": "individual member of the middle class", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "міща́нка"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "měšťák"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "porvari"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "poroporvari"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "borjuis"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obyvátelʹ", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "обыва́тель"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obyvátelʹnica", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "обыва́тельница"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "meščanín", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "мещани́н"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "meščánka", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "меща́нка"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "burgis"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "burjuva"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "person with bourgeois values", "word": "kentsoylu"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "member of the Third Estate", "word": "porvari"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "member of the Third Estate", "word": "borjuis"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržuá", "sense": "member of the Third Estate", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуа́"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "member of the Third Estate", "word": "burgis"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "buržoa"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "tags": ["common-gender"], "word": "burgøjser"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "word": "porvari"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "word": "lahtari"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "astós", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "αστός"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "word": "borjuis"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržuá", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "буржуа́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "buržúj", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "tags": ["colloquial", "masculine"], "word": "буржу́й"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "exploitive capitalist", "word": "burgis"}], "word": "bourgeois"}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (1c4b89b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.