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boss/English/verb

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boss/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English calculator words", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms borrowed back into English", "English terms borrowed from Dutch", "English terms borrowed from Japanese", "English terms derived from Dutch", "English terms derived from Japanese", "English terms derived from Middle Dutch", "English terms derived from Old Dutch", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms of address", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 11 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Southern Thai translations", "Requests for review of Thai translations", "Requests for review of Turkish translations", "Rhymes:English/ɒs", "Rhymes:English/ɒs/1 syllable", "Rhymes:English/ɔːs", "Rhymes:English/ɔːs/1 syllable", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Aleut translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Baluchi translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Chichewa translations", "Terms with Crimean Tatar translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Hutterisch translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Jarai translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Miami translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Southern Thai translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with Záparo translations", "en:Leaders", "en:People"], "derived": [{"word": "boss about"}, {"word": "boss around"}, {"word": "overboss"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "nl", "3": "baas"}, "expansion": "Dutch baas", "name": "bor"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "dum", "3": "baes", "t": "master of a household, friend"}, "expansion": "Middle Dutch baes (“master of a household, friend”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "odt", "3": "*baso", "t": "uncle, kinsman"}, "expansion": "Old Dutch *baso (“uncle, kinsman”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*baswō"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *baswō", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*baswô", "t": "uncle"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *baswô (“uncle”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*bō-", "4": "*ba-, *bō-", "t": "father, older male relative"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ba-, *bō- (“father, older male relative”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "gml", "2": "bās", "3": "", "4": "supervisor, foreman"}, "expansion": "Middle Low German bās (“supervisor, foreman”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ofs", "2": "bas", "3": "", "4": "master"}, "expansion": "Old Frisian bas (“master”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "stq", "2": "Boas", "t": "boss"}, "expansion": "Saterland Frisian Boas (“boss”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "basa", "3": "", "4": "father's sister, cousin"}, "expansion": "Old High German basa (“father's sister, cousin”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ja", "3": "ボス", "nocap": "1", "tr": "bosu"}, "expansion": "borrowed from Japanese ボス (bosu)", "name": "bor+"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "en", "3": "boss"}, "expansion": "English boss", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Dutch baas, from Middle Dutch baes (“master of a household, friend”), from Old Dutch *baso (“uncle, kinsman”), from Proto-West Germanic *baswō, from Proto-Germanic *baswô (“uncle”), perhaps from Proto-Germanic *ba-, *bō- (“father, older male relative”), source also of the English terms babe, boy, bub, bully. Cognate with Middle Low German bās (“supervisor, foreman”), Old Frisian bas (“master”), hence Saterland Frisian Boas (“boss”), Old High German basa (“father's sister, cousin”), hence German Base (“aunt, cousin”). Originally a term of respect used to address an older relative. Later, in New Amsterdam, it began to mean a person in charge who is not a master. The representation of Dutch -aa- by English -o- is due to the older unrounded pronunciation of this letter, which is still used in North America and parts of Ireland, but was formerly found in some British accents as well. The video game sense is borrowed from Japanese ボス (bosu), in turn from English boss.", "forms": [{"form": "bosses", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "bossing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "bossed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "bossed", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "boss (third-person singular simple present bosses, present participle bossing, simple past and past participle bossed)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1931, Robert L. May, Rudolph, The Red-Nosed Reindeer, Montgomery Ward (publisher)", "text": "By YOU last night’s journey was actually bossed / Without you, I’m certain, we’d all have been lost."}, {"ref": "1932, Lorine Pruette, The Parent and the Happy Child, page 76:", "text": "His sisters bossed him and spoiled him. All their lives he was to go on being their little brother, who could do no wrong, because he was the baby; [...]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1967, Pelham Grenville Wodehouse, The purloined paperweight, page 90:", "text": "She bossed him, and he's never gotten over it. She still orders him around, and instead of telling her to go soak her head, he just says 'Yes, ma'am' as weak as a newborn jellyfish [...]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1980, Jean Toomer, The wayward and the seeking: a collection of writings by Jean Toomer, page 40:", "text": "For if, on the one hand, I bossed him and showed him what to do and how to do it, [...]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2021 June 14, Scott Mullen, “Scotland 0-2 Czech Republic”, in BBC Sport:", "text": "Clarke was undoubtedly made to change things and for spells, the Czechs bossed the game. Scotland's midfield was nullified, Dykes struggled to hold the ball up while, barring a small handful of forays by Robertson, there was a distinct lack of width from the Scots.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To exercise authoritative control over; to tell (someone) what to do, often repeatedly."], "links": [["control", "control"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To exercise authoritative control over; to tell (someone) what to do, often repeatedly."], "synonyms": [{"word": "lord over"}, {"word": "boss around"}], "tags": ["transitive"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bɒs/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-boss.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-boss.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-boss.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-boss.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-boss.wav.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bɔs/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/bɑs/", "tags": ["cot-caught-merger"]}, {"audio": "en-us-boss.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/En-us-boss.ogg/En-us-boss.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/En-us-boss.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɒs"}, {"rhymes": "-ɔːs"}], "translations": [{"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "razporeždam se", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "word": "разпореждам се"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dūzé", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "word": "督責 /督责"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "word": "pomottaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "word": "komennella"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "word": "comandare"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ukázyvatʹ", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "ука́зывать"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "rasporjažátʹsja", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "распоряжа́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "komándovatʹ", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "кома́ндовать"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "word": "dirigir"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "word": "mandar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "word": "bossa"}], "wikipedia": ["Boss (video games)", "Supervisor"], "word": "boss"}

boss (verb) boss/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English calculator words", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms borrowed back into English", "English terms borrowed from Dutch", "English terms borrowed from Japanese", "English terms derived from Dutch", "English terms derived from Japanese", "English terms derived from Middle Dutch", "English terms derived from Old Dutch", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms of address", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 11 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Southern Thai translations", "Requests for review of Thai translations", "Requests for review of Turkish translations", "Rhymes:English/ɒs", "Rhymes:English/ɒs/1 syllable", "Rhymes:English/ɔːs", "Rhymes:English/ɔːs/1 syllable", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Aleut translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Baluchi translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Chichewa translations", "Terms with Crimean Tatar translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Hutterisch translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Jarai translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Miami translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Southern Thai translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with Záparo translations", "en:Leaders", "en:People"], "derived": [{"word": "boss about"}, {"word": "boss around"}, {"word": "overboss"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "nl", "3": "baas"}, "expansion": "Dutch baas", "name": "bor"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "dum", "3": "baes", "t": "master of a household, friend"}, "expansion": "Middle Dutch baes (“master of a household, friend”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "odt", "3": "*baso", "t": "uncle, kinsman"}, "expansion": "Old Dutch *baso (“uncle, kinsman”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*baswō"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *baswō", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*baswô", "t": "uncle"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *baswô (“uncle”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*bō-", "4": "*ba-, *bō-", "t": "father, older male relative"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ba-, *bō- (“father, older male relative”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "gml", "2": "bās", "3": "", "4": "supervisor, foreman"}, "expansion": "Middle Low German bās (“supervisor, foreman”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ofs", "2": "bas", "3": "", "4": "master"}, "expansion": "Old Frisian bas (“master”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "stq", "2": "Boas", "t": "boss"}, "expansion": "Saterland Frisian Boas (“boss”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "basa", "3": "", "4": "father's sister, cousin"}, "expansion": "Old High German basa (“father's sister, cousin”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ja", "3": "ボス", "nocap": "1", "tr": "bosu"}, "expansion": "borrowed from Japanese ボス (bosu)", "name": "bor+"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "en", "3": "boss"}, "expansion": "English boss", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Dutch baas, from Middle Dutch baes (“master of a household, friend”), from Old Dutch *baso (“uncle, kinsman”), from Proto-West Germanic *baswō, from Proto-Germanic *baswô (“uncle”), perhaps from Proto-Germanic *ba-, *bō- (“father, older male relative”), source also of the English terms babe, boy, bub, bully. Cognate with Middle Low German bās (“supervisor, foreman”), Old Frisian bas (“master”), hence Saterland Frisian Boas (“boss”), Old High German basa (“father's sister, cousin”), hence German Base (“aunt, cousin”). Originally a term of respect used to address an older relative. Later, in New Amsterdam, it began to mean a person in charge who is not a master. The representation of Dutch -aa- by English -o- is due to the older unrounded pronunciation of this letter, which is still used in North America and parts of Ireland, but was formerly found in some British accents as well. The video game sense is borrowed from Japanese ボス (bosu), in turn from English boss.", "forms": [{"form": "bosses", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "bossing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "bossed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "bossed", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "boss (third-person singular simple present bosses, present participle bossing, simple past and past participle bossed)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1931, Robert L. May, Rudolph, The Red-Nosed Reindeer, Montgomery Ward (publisher)", "text": "By YOU last night’s journey was actually bossed / Without you, I’m certain, we’d all have been lost."}, {"ref": "1932, Lorine Pruette, The Parent and the Happy Child, page 76:", "text": "His sisters bossed him and spoiled him. All their lives he was to go on being their little brother, who could do no wrong, because he was the baby; [...]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1967, Pelham Grenville Wodehouse, The purloined paperweight, page 90:", "text": "She bossed him, and he's never gotten over it. She still orders him around, and instead of telling her to go soak her head, he just says 'Yes, ma'am' as weak as a newborn jellyfish [...]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1980, Jean Toomer, The wayward and the seeking: a collection of writings by Jean Toomer, page 40:", "text": "For if, on the one hand, I bossed him and showed him what to do and how to do it, [...]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2021 June 14, Scott Mullen, “Scotland 0-2 Czech Republic”, in BBC Sport:", "text": "Clarke was undoubtedly made to change things and for spells, the Czechs bossed the game. Scotland's midfield was nullified, Dykes struggled to hold the ball up while, barring a small handful of forays by Robertson, there was a distinct lack of width from the Scots.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To exercise authoritative control over; to tell (someone) what to do, often repeatedly."], "links": [["control", "control"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To exercise authoritative control over; to tell (someone) what to do, often repeatedly."], "synonyms": [{"word": "lord over"}, {"word": "boss around"}], "tags": ["transitive"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bɒs/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-boss.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-boss.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-boss.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-boss.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-boss.wav.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bɔs/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/bɑs/", "tags": ["cot-caught-merger"]}, {"audio": "en-us-boss.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/En-us-boss.ogg/En-us-boss.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/En-us-boss.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɒs"}, {"rhymes": "-ɔːs"}], "translations": [{"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "razporeždam se", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "word": "разпореждам се"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dūzé", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "word": "督責 /督责"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "word": "pomottaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "word": "komennella"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "word": "comandare"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ukázyvatʹ", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "ука́зывать"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "rasporjažátʹsja", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "распоряжа́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "komándovatʹ", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "кома́ндовать"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "word": "dirigir"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "word": "mandar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "word": "bossa"}], "wikipedia": ["Boss (video games)", "Supervisor"], "word": "boss"}

boss/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English calculator words", "English countable nouns", "English doublets", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Frankish", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms of address", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 11 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ɒs", "Rhymes:English/ɒs/1 syllable", "Rhymes:English/ɔːs", "Rhymes:English/ɔːs/1 syllable", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "en:Leaders", "en:People"], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "bos"}, "expansion": "Middle English bos", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "boce", "t": "lump, bulge, protuberance, knot"}, "expansion": "Old French boce (“lump, bulge, protuberance, knot”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frk", "3": "*bottja"}, "expansion": "Frankish *bottja", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*bautaną", "t": "to hit, strike, beat"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bautaną (“to hit, strike, beat”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "beat"}, "expansion": "Doublet of beat", "name": "doublet"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English bos, bose, boce, from Old French boce (“lump, bulge, protuberance, knot”), from Frankish *bottja, from Proto-Germanic *bautaną (“to hit, strike, beat”). Doublet of beat; see there for more.", "forms": [{"form": "bosses", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "bossing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "bossed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "bossed", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "boss (third-person singular simple present bosses, present participle bossing, simple past and past participle bossed)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English transitive verbs"], "glosses": ["To decorate with bosses; to emboss."], "links": [["decorate", "decorate"], ["emboss", "emboss"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To decorate with bosses; to emboss."], "tags": ["transitive"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bɒs/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-boss.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-boss.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-boss.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-boss.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-boss.wav.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bɔs/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/bɑs/", "tags": ["cot-caught-merger"]}, {"audio": "en-us-boss.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/En-us-boss.ogg/En-us-boss.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/En-us-boss.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɒs"}, {"rhymes": "-ɔːs"}], "wikipedia": ["Boss (video games)", "Supervisor"], "word": "boss"}

boss (verb) boss/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English calculator words", "English countable nouns", "English doublets", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Frankish", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms of address", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 11 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ɒs", "Rhymes:English/ɒs/1 syllable", "Rhymes:English/ɔːs", "Rhymes:English/ɔːs/1 syllable", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "en:Leaders", "en:People"], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "bos"}, "expansion": "Middle English bos", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "boce", "t": "lump, bulge, protuberance, knot"}, "expansion": "Old French boce (“lump, bulge, protuberance, knot”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frk", "3": "*bottja"}, "expansion": "Frankish *bottja", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*bautaną", "t": "to hit, strike, beat"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bautaną (“to hit, strike, beat”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "beat"}, "expansion": "Doublet of beat", "name": "doublet"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English bos, bose, boce, from Old French boce (“lump, bulge, protuberance, knot”), from Frankish *bottja, from Proto-Germanic *bautaną (“to hit, strike, beat”). Doublet of beat; see there for more.", "forms": [{"form": "bosses", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "bossing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "bossed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "bossed", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "boss (third-person singular simple present bosses, present participle bossing, simple past and past participle bossed)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English transitive verbs"], "glosses": ["To decorate with bosses; to emboss."], "links": [["decorate", "decorate"], ["emboss", "emboss"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To decorate with bosses; to emboss."], "tags": ["transitive"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bɒs/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-boss.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-boss.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-boss.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-boss.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-boss.wav.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bɔs/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/bɑs/", "tags": ["cot-caught-merger"]}, {"audio": "en-us-boss.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/En-us-boss.ogg/En-us-boss.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/En-us-boss.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɒs"}, {"rhymes": "-ɔːs"}], "wikipedia": ["Boss (video games)", "Supervisor"], "word": "boss"}

boss/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English calculator words", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms borrowed back into English", "English terms borrowed from Dutch", "English terms borrowed from Japanese", "English terms derived from Dutch", "English terms derived from Japanese", "English terms derived from Middle Dutch", "English terms derived from Old Dutch", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms of address", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 11 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Southern Thai translations", "Requests for review of Thai translations", "Requests for review of Turkish translations", "Rhymes:English/ɒs", "Rhymes:English/ɒs/1 syllable", "Rhymes:English/ɔːs", "Rhymes:English/ɔːs/1 syllable", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Aleut translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Baluchi translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Chichewa translations", "Terms with Crimean Tatar translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Hutterisch translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Jarai translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Miami translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Southern Thai translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with Záparo translations", "en:Leaders", "en:People"], "derived": [{"word": "boss about"}, {"word": "boss around"}, {"word": "overboss"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "nl", "3": "baas"}, "expansion": "Dutch baas", "name": "bor"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "dum", "3": "baes", "t": "master of a household, friend"}, "expansion": "Middle Dutch baes (“master of a household, friend”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "odt", "3": "*baso", "t": "uncle, kinsman"}, "expansion": "Old Dutch *baso (“uncle, kinsman”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*baswō"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *baswō", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*baswô", "t": "uncle"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *baswô (“uncle”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*bō-", "4": "*ba-, *bō-", "t": "father, older male relative"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ba-, *bō- (“father, older male relative”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "gml", "2": "bās", "3": "", "4": "supervisor, foreman"}, "expansion": "Middle Low German bās (“supervisor, foreman”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ofs", "2": "bas", "3": "", "4": "master"}, "expansion": "Old Frisian bas (“master”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "stq", "2": "Boas", "t": "boss"}, "expansion": "Saterland Frisian Boas (“boss”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "basa", "3": "", "4": "father's sister, cousin"}, "expansion": "Old High German basa (“father's sister, cousin”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ja", "3": "ボス", "nocap": "1", "tr": "bosu"}, "expansion": "borrowed from Japanese ボス (bosu)", "name": "bor+"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "en", "3": "boss"}, "expansion": "English boss", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Dutch baas, from Middle Dutch baes (“master of a household, friend”), from Old Dutch *baso (“uncle, kinsman”), from Proto-West Germanic *baswō, from Proto-Germanic *baswô (“uncle”), perhaps from Proto-Germanic *ba-, *bō- (“father, older male relative”), source also of the English terms babe, boy, bub, bully. Cognate with Middle Low German bās (“supervisor, foreman”), Old Frisian bas (“master”), hence Saterland Frisian Boas (“boss”), Old High German basa (“father's sister, cousin”), hence German Base (“aunt, cousin”). Originally a term of respect used to address an older relative. Later, in New Amsterdam, it began to mean a person in charge who is not a master. The representation of Dutch -aa- by English -o- is due to the older unrounded pronunciation of this letter, which is still used in North America and parts of Ireland, but was formerly found in some British accents as well. The video game sense is borrowed from Japanese ボス (bosu), in turn from English boss.", "forms": [{"form": "bosses", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "bossing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "bossed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "bossed", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "boss (third-person singular simple present bosses, present participle bossing, simple past and past participle bossed)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1931, Robert L. May, Rudolph, The Red-Nosed Reindeer, Montgomery Ward (publisher)", "text": "By YOU last night’s journey was actually bossed / Without you, I’m certain, we’d all have been lost."}, {"ref": "1932, Lorine Pruette, The Parent and the Happy Child, page 76:", "text": "His sisters bossed him and spoiled him. All their lives he was to go on being their little brother, who could do no wrong, because he was the baby; [...]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1967, Pelham Grenville Wodehouse, The purloined paperweight, page 90:", "text": "She bossed him, and he's never gotten over it. She still orders him around, and instead of telling her to go soak her head, he just says 'Yes, ma'am' as weak as a newborn jellyfish [...]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1980, Jean Toomer, The wayward and the seeking: a collection of writings by Jean Toomer, page 40:", "text": "For if, on the one hand, I bossed him and showed him what to do and how to do it, [...]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2021 June 14, Scott Mullen, “Scotland 0-2 Czech Republic”, in BBC Sport:", "text": "Clarke was undoubtedly made to change things and for spells, the Czechs bossed the game. Scotland's midfield was nullified, Dykes struggled to hold the ball up while, barring a small handful of forays by Robertson, there was a distinct lack of width from the Scots.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To exercise authoritative control over; to tell (someone) what to do, often repeatedly."], "links": [["control", "control"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To exercise authoritative control over; to tell (someone) what to do, often repeatedly."], "synonyms": [{"word": "lord over"}, {"word": "boss around"}], "tags": ["transitive"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bɒs/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-boss.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-boss.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-boss.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-boss.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-boss.wav.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bɔs/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/bɑs/", "tags": ["cot-caught-merger"]}, {"audio": "en-us-boss.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/En-us-boss.ogg/En-us-boss.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/En-us-boss.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɒs"}, {"rhymes": "-ɔːs"}], "translations": [{"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "razporeždam se", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "word": "разпореждам се"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dūzé", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "word": "督責 /督责"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "word": "pomottaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "word": "komennella"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "word": "comandare"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ukázyvatʹ", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "ука́зывать"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "rasporjažátʹsja", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "распоряжа́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "komándovatʹ", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "кома́ндовать"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "word": "dirigir"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "word": "mandar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "word": "bossa"}], "wikipedia": ["Boss (video games)", "Supervisor"], "word": "boss"}

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Hungarian translations", "Terms with Hutterisch translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Jarai translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Miami translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Southern Thai translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with Záparo translations", "en:Leaders", "en:People"], "derived": [{"word": "boss about"}, {"word": "boss around"}, {"word": "overboss"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "nl", "3": "baas"}, "expansion": "Dutch baas", "name": "bor"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "dum", "3": "baes", "t": "master of a household, friend"}, "expansion": "Middle Dutch baes (“master of a household, friend”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "odt", "3": "*baso", "t": "uncle, kinsman"}, "expansion": "Old Dutch *baso (“uncle, kinsman”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*baswō"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *baswō", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*baswô", "t": "uncle"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *baswô (“uncle”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*bō-", "4": "*ba-, *bō-", "t": "father, older male relative"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ba-, *bō- (“father, older male relative”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "gml", "2": "bās", "3": "", "4": "supervisor, foreman"}, "expansion": "Middle Low German bās (“supervisor, foreman”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ofs", "2": "bas", "3": "", "4": "master"}, "expansion": "Old Frisian bas (“master”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "stq", "2": "Boas", "t": "boss"}, "expansion": "Saterland Frisian Boas (“boss”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "basa", "3": "", "4": "father's sister, cousin"}, "expansion": "Old High German basa (“father's sister, cousin”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ja", "3": "ボス", "nocap": "1", "tr": "bosu"}, "expansion": "borrowed from Japanese ボス (bosu)", "name": "bor+"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "en", "3": "boss"}, "expansion": "English boss", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Dutch baas, from Middle Dutch baes (“master of a household, friend”), from Old Dutch *baso (“uncle, kinsman”), from Proto-West Germanic *baswō, from Proto-Germanic *baswô (“uncle”), perhaps from Proto-Germanic *ba-, *bō- (“father, older male relative”), source also of the English terms babe, boy, bub, bully. Cognate with Middle Low German bās (“supervisor, foreman”), Old Frisian bas (“master”), hence Saterland Frisian Boas (“boss”), Old High German basa (“father's sister, cousin”), hence German Base (“aunt, cousin”). Originally a term of respect used to address an older relative. Later, in New Amsterdam, it began to mean a person in charge who is not a master. The representation of Dutch -aa- by English -o- is due to the older unrounded pronunciation of this letter, which is still used in North America and parts of Ireland, but was formerly found in some British accents as well. The video game sense is borrowed from Japanese ボス (bosu), in turn from English boss.", "forms": [{"form": "bosses", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "bossing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "bossed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "bossed", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "boss (third-person singular simple present bosses, present participle bossing, simple past and past participle bossed)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1931, Robert L. May, Rudolph, The Red-Nosed Reindeer, Montgomery Ward (publisher)", "text": "By YOU last night’s journey was actually bossed / Without you, I’m certain, we’d all have been lost."}, {"ref": "1932, Lorine Pruette, The Parent and the Happy Child, page 76:", "text": "His sisters bossed him and spoiled him. All their lives he was to go on being their little brother, who could do no wrong, because he was the baby; [...]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1967, Pelham Grenville Wodehouse, The purloined paperweight, page 90:", "text": "She bossed him, and he's never gotten over it. She still orders him around, and instead of telling her to go soak her head, he just says 'Yes, ma'am' as weak as a newborn jellyfish [...]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1980, Jean Toomer, The wayward and the seeking: a collection of writings by Jean Toomer, page 40:", "text": "For if, on the one hand, I bossed him and showed him what to do and how to do it, [...]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2021 June 14, Scott Mullen, “Scotland 0-2 Czech Republic”, in BBC Sport:", "text": "Clarke was undoubtedly made to change things and for spells, the Czechs bossed the game. Scotland's midfield was nullified, Dykes struggled to hold the ball up while, barring a small handful of forays by Robertson, there was a distinct lack of width from the Scots.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To exercise authoritative control over; to tell (someone) what to do, often repeatedly."], "links": [["control", "control"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To exercise authoritative control over; to tell (someone) what to do, often repeatedly."], "synonyms": [{"word": "lord over"}, {"word": "boss around"}], "tags": ["transitive"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bɒs/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-boss.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-boss.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-boss.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-boss.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-boss.wav.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bɔs/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/bɑs/", "tags": ["cot-caught-merger"]}, {"audio": "en-us-boss.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/En-us-boss.ogg/En-us-boss.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/En-us-boss.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɒs"}, {"rhymes": "-ɔːs"}], "translations": [{"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "razporeždam se", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "word": "разпореждам се"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dūzé", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "word": "督責 /督责"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "word": "pomottaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "word": "komennella"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "word": "comandare"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ukázyvatʹ", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "ука́зывать"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "rasporjažátʹsja", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "распоряжа́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "komándovatʹ", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "кома́ндовать"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "word": "dirigir"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "word": "mandar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to exercise authority over (someone)", "word": "bossa"}], "wikipedia": ["Boss (video games)", "Supervisor"], "word": "boss"}

boss/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English calculator words", "English countable nouns", "English doublets", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Frankish", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms of address", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 11 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ɒs", "Rhymes:English/ɒs/1 syllable", "Rhymes:English/ɔːs", "Rhymes:English/ɔːs/1 syllable", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "en:Leaders", "en:People"], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "bos"}, "expansion": "Middle English bos", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "boce", "t": "lump, bulge, protuberance, knot"}, "expansion": "Old French boce (“lump, bulge, protuberance, knot”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frk", "3": "*bottja"}, "expansion": "Frankish *bottja", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*bautaną", "t": "to hit, strike, beat"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bautaną (“to hit, strike, beat”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "beat"}, "expansion": "Doublet of beat", "name": "doublet"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English bos, bose, boce, from Old French boce (“lump, bulge, protuberance, knot”), from Frankish *bottja, from Proto-Germanic *bautaną (“to hit, strike, beat”). Doublet of beat; see there for more.", "forms": [{"form": "bosses", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "bossing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "bossed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "bossed", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "boss (third-person singular simple present bosses, present participle bossing, simple past and past participle bossed)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English transitive verbs"], "glosses": ["To decorate with bosses; to emboss."], "links": [["decorate", "decorate"], ["emboss", "emboss"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To decorate with bosses; to emboss."], "tags": ["transitive"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bɒs/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-boss.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-boss.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-boss.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-boss.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-boss.wav.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bɔs/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/bɑs/", "tags": ["cot-caught-merger"]}, {"audio": "en-us-boss.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/En-us-boss.ogg/En-us-boss.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/En-us-boss.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɒs"}, {"rhymes": "-ɔːs"}], "wikipedia": ["Boss (video games)", "Supervisor"], "word": "boss"}

boss (verb) boss/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English calculator words", "English countable nouns", "English doublets", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Frankish", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms of address", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 11 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ɒs", "Rhymes:English/ɒs/1 syllable", "Rhymes:English/ɔːs", "Rhymes:English/ɔːs/1 syllable", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "en:Leaders", "en:People"], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "bos"}, "expansion": "Middle English bos", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "boce", "t": "lump, bulge, protuberance, knot"}, "expansion": "Old French boce (“lump, bulge, protuberance, knot”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frk", "3": "*bottja"}, "expansion": "Frankish *bottja", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*bautaną", "t": "to hit, strike, beat"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bautaną (“to hit, strike, beat”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "beat"}, "expansion": "Doublet of beat", "name": "doublet"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English bos, bose, boce, from Old French boce (“lump, bulge, protuberance, knot”), from Frankish *bottja, from Proto-Germanic *bautaną (“to hit, strike, beat”). Doublet of beat; see there for more.", "forms": [{"form": "bosses", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "bossing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "bossed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "bossed", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "boss (third-person singular simple present bosses, present participle bossing, simple past and past participle bossed)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English transitive verbs"], "glosses": ["To decorate with bosses; to emboss."], "links": [["decorate", "decorate"], ["emboss", "emboss"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To decorate with bosses; to emboss."], "tags": ["transitive"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bɒs/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-boss.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-boss.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-boss.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-boss.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-boss.wav.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/bɔs/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/bɑs/", "tags": ["cot-caught-merger"]}, {"audio": "en-us-boss.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/En-us-boss.ogg/En-us-boss.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/En-us-boss.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɒs"}, {"rhymes": "-ɔːs"}], "wikipedia": ["Boss (video games)", "Supervisor"], "word": "boss"}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (1c4b89b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.