bitter (verb) bitter/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeyd-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)", "English terms suffixed with -er (measurement)", "English terms with homophones", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Old Church Slavonic terms with redundant script 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with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Gallurese translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Guaraní translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Higaonon translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Ivatan translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Kapampangan translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khiamniungan Naga translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Low German translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Makasar translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Mansaka translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Maranao translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mbyá Guaraní translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Nanai translations", "Terms with Naxi translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Northern Mansi translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Odia translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Irish translations", "Terms with Old Javanese translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Sassarese translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Somali translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms 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{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bitter"}, "expansion": "Old English bitter", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*bitr"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bitr", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*bitraz", "4": "", "5": "bitter"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bitraz (“bitter”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "bite", "3": "-er", "id2": "agent noun", "pos2": "agent noun suffix"}, "expansion": "bite + -er (agent noun suffix)", "name": "affix"}, {"args": {"1": "stq", "2": "bitter"}, "expansion": "Saterland Frisian bitter", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "bitter"}, "expansion": "West Frisian bitter", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nds", "2": "bitter"}, "expansion": "Low German bitter", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "bitter"}, "expansion": "Dutch bitter", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "bitter"}, "expansion": "German bitter", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "bitter"}, "expansion": "Swedish bitter", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "is", "2": "bitur"}, "expansion": "Icelandic bitur", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English bitter, bittre, from Old English bitter, biter (“bitter”), from Proto-West Germanic *bitr, from Proto-Germanic *bitraz (“bitter”), equivalent to bite + -er (agent noun suffix) used attributively. Cognate with Saterland Frisian bitter, West Frisian bitter, Low German bitter, Dutch bitter, German bitter, Swedish bitter, Icelandic bitur (all meaning “bitter”).", "forms": [{"form": "bitters", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "bittering", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "bittered", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "bittered", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "bitter (third-person singular simple present bitters, present participle bittering, simple past and past participle bittered)", "name": "en-verb"}], "hyphenation": ["bit‧ter"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1766, John Wilkinson, Tutamen Nauticum:", "text": "bittered with the hop", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To make bitter."]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈbɪtə(ɹ)/", "tags": ["UK"]}, {"ipa": "[ˈbɪtʰə]", "tags": ["UK"]}, {"ipa": "[ˈbɪʔə]", "tags": ["UK", "also", "colloquial"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈbɪtɚ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "[ˈbɪɾɚ]", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-bitter.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/En-us-bitter.ogg/En-us-bitter.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/En-us-bitter.ogg"}, {"homophone": "bidder stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn"}, {"rhymes": "-ɪtə(ɹ)"}], "translations": [{"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to make bitter", "word": "katkeroida"}], "wikipedia": ["bitter"], "word": "bitter"}
bitter (verb) bitter/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeyd-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)", "English terms suffixed with -er (measurement)", "English terms with homophones", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Old Church Slavonic terms with redundant script 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with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Gallurese translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Guaraní translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Higaonon translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Ivatan translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Kapampangan translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khiamniungan Naga translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Low German translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Makasar translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Mansaka translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Maranao translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mbyá Guaraní translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Nanai translations", "Terms with Naxi translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Northern Mansi translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Odia translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Irish translations", "Terms with Old Javanese translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Sassarese translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Somali translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Tausug translations", "Terms with Tedim Chin translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tongan translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Turkmen translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yakut translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "Terms with Zou translations", "en:Beer", "en:Taste", "sv:Taste"], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰeyd-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "bitter"}, "expansion": "Middle English bitter", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bitter"}, "expansion": "Old English bitter", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*bitr"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bitr", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*bitraz", "4": "", "5": "bitter"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bitraz (“bitter”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "bite", "3": "-er", "id2": "agent noun", "pos2": "agent noun suffix"}, "expansion": "bite + -er (agent noun suffix)", "name": "affix"}, {"args": {"1": "stq", "2": "bitter"}, "expansion": "Saterland Frisian bitter", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "bitter"}, "expansion": "West Frisian bitter", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nds", "2": "bitter"}, "expansion": "Low German bitter", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "bitter"}, "expansion": "Dutch bitter", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "bitter"}, "expansion": "German bitter", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "bitter"}, "expansion": "Swedish bitter", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "is", "2": "bitur"}, "expansion": "Icelandic bitur", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English bitter, bittre, from Old English bitter, biter (“bitter”), from Proto-West Germanic *bitr, from Proto-Germanic *bitraz (“bitter”), equivalent to bite + -er (agent noun suffix) used attributively. Cognate with Saterland Frisian bitter, West Frisian bitter, Low German bitter, Dutch bitter, German bitter, Swedish bitter, Icelandic bitur (all meaning “bitter”).", "forms": [{"form": "bitters", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "bittering", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "bittered", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "bittered", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "bitter (third-person singular simple present bitters, present participle bittering, simple past and past participle bittered)", "name": "en-verb"}], "hyphenation": ["bit‧ter"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1766, John Wilkinson, Tutamen Nauticum:", "text": "bittered with the hop", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To make bitter."]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈbɪtə(ɹ)/", "tags": ["UK"]}, {"ipa": "[ˈbɪtʰə]", "tags": ["UK"]}, {"ipa": "[ˈbɪʔə]", "tags": ["UK", "also", "colloquial"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈbɪtɚ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "[ˈbɪɾɚ]", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-bitter.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/En-us-bitter.ogg/En-us-bitter.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/En-us-bitter.ogg"}, {"homophone": "bidder stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn"}, {"rhymes": "-ɪtə(ɹ)"}], "translations": [{"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to make bitter", "word": "katkeroida"}], "wikipedia": ["bitter"], "word": "bitter"}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (1c4b89b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.