Weyl tensor

differential geometry
differential geometry

pseudo-Riemannian manifold
pseudo-Riemannian manifold

(differential geometry) A measure of the curvature of spacetime (or, more generally, a pseudo-Riemannian manifold), differing from the Riemann tensor in that it does not convey information on how the volume of the body changes, but only how its shape is distorted by the tidal force.


cubicuboctahedron

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cubicuboctahedron.wav

(geometry) Either of two star polyhedra whose square faces are parallel to a square and whose triangular faces are parallel to those of an octahedron


star polyhedron

(geometry) A polyhedron that is partially nonconvex.


great cubicuboctahedron

en-noun

great cubicuboctahedron (plural great cubicuboctahedra)

(geometry) A nonconvex uniform polyhedron that has faces of eight triangles, six squares and six octagrams


small cubicuboctahedron

small cubicuboctahedron (plural small cubicuboctahedra)

(geometry) A uniform star polyhedron that has faces of eight triangles, six squares and six octagrams


isohedron

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-isohedron.wav


space-filling

(geometry) That fills a closed (typically 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional) space.


subscalar

mathematical analysis
mathematical analysis

(mathematical analysis) restricted to an invariant subspace (of a scalar operator)


postdominator

(graph theory) A node that postdominates another.


postdominance

(graph theory) The property of a node that postdominates another.


postdominate

en-verb

postdominate (third-person singular simple present postdominates, present participle postdominating, simple past and past participle postdominated)

postdominates (present singular third-person)
postdominating (participle present)
postdominated (participle past)
postdominated (past)

(graph theory) A node z postdominates a node n if all paths to the exit node of the graph starting at n must go through z


MEGA

(orbital dynamics, space flight, astronautics) Abbreviation of Moon-Earth gravity assist.

orbital dynamics; space flight; orbital dynamics; space flight

(orbital dynamics, space flight, astronautics) Abbreviation of Mars-Earth gravity assist.


logarithmic integral

en-noun

logarithmic integral (plural logarithmic integrals)

(mathematics) A special function written using the symbol li and defined as operatorname lix=∫₀ˣ(dt)/(ln t).


Euler angle

Named after Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler (1707–1783).

named-after

Euler angles can also represent the orientation of a mobile frame of reference in physics or the orientation of a basis in 3-dimensional linear algebra.

The use of Euler angles or Quaternions to represent entity (i.e., vehicle) orientation in the draft military standard for Distributed Interactive Simulation has drawn fierce debate.

1991, “AIAA Flight Simulation Technologies Conference: A Collection of Technical Papers”, in AIAA, page 271:

We have not drawn a picture, since Euler angle pictures of three-dimensional rotations are notoriously difficult to comprehend; what is very useful is for the reader to make a set of wire axes with labels to help follow the sequence of rotations.

2006, Don Koks, Explorations in Mathematical Physics: The Concepts Behind an Elegant Language, Springer, page 171:

Why do we need to know what Euler angles are? Because we use them. Many commercial 3D computer animation packages that are available today use Euler angles to describe and change orientations of objects.

2008, Midori Kitagawa, Brian Windsor, MoCap for Artists: Workflow and Techniques for Motion Capture, Elsevier (Focal Press), page 188:

(geometry) Any one of three angles which together describe the orientation of a rigid body with respect to a fixed three-dimensional coordinate system, according to a formalism introduced by Leonhard Euler.

eulerscher Winkel

any one of three angles that describe orientation in a 3-d coordinate system


computational number theory

Topics studied in computational number theory include algorithms for primality testing and integer factorisation, finding solutions to Diophantine equations and explicit methods in arithmetic geometry.

Computational number theory has applications in cryptography, including RSA, elliptic curve cryptography and post-quantum cryptography, and is used to investigate conjectures and open problems in number theory, including the Riemann hypothesis.

1990, Carl Pomerance, editor, Proceedings of Symposia in Applied Mathematics, Volume 42: Cryptology and Computational Number Theory, American Mathematical Society:

1994, Hari Krishna, Bal Krishna, Kuo-Yu Lin, Jenn-Dong Sun, Computational Number Theory and Digital Signal Processing: Fast Algorithms and Error Control Techniques, CRC Press, https://books.google.com.au/books?id=8u1kx3peO6AC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22computational+number+theory%22&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiy0c_SnvjuAhUCyjgGHUIkBnUQ6AEwB3oECCUQAg#v=onepage&q=%22computational%20number%20theory%22&f=false.

2001, Kazimierz Alster, Jerzy Urbanowicz, Hugh C. Williams, editors, Public-Key Cryptography and Computational Number Theory: Proceedings of the International Conference, Walter de Gruyter:

(mathematics, number theory) The field of study dealing with computational methods for investigating and solving problems in number theory and arithmetic geometry.

théorie algorithmique des nombres

field of study dealing with computational methods in number theory


parentheme

Modeled after the relationship of thesis to theme.

(arithmetic, linguistics) The expression inside a pair of parentheses.


misequalize

en-verb

misequalize (third-person singular simple present misequalizes, present participle misequalizing, simple past and past participle misequalized)

misequalizes (present singular third-person)
misequalizing (participle present)
misequalized (participle past)
misequalized (past)

At one time, U.S. Decca listed a large number of these performances, pressed on less than the best material, often misequalized, sometimes off pitch.

1979, Journal - Association for Recorded Sound Collections, page 124:

The most common symptom of incorrect equalization (assuming good associated equipment) is a bright, hard, elevated roughness of response above approximately 2 kHz. I think all of us have heard systems misequalized that way.

1981, The Absolute Sound - Volume 6, Issues 21-24, page 73:

If the recording is misequalized, overmiked , or poorly reverbed, the C/II will expose these faults.

1988, High Fidelity - Volume 38, Issue 2, page 28:

(transitive, signal processing) To equalize badly.


lithocapture

en-noun

lithocapture (countable and uncountable, plural lithocaptures)

/ˈlɪ.θoʊˌkæp.t͡ʃɚ/

/ˈlɪ.θəˌkæp.t͡ʃɚ/

/ˈlɪ.θoʊ.kæpˌt͡ʃɚ/

/ˈlɪ.θə.kæpˌt͡ʃɚ/

/ˈlɪ.θoʊˌkæp.t͡ʃə/

From litho- (“pertaining to stone”) + capture, coined as a pun on aerocapture and lithobraking.

prefix

If the initial orbit is hyperbolic, lithobraking would properly be termed lithocapture.

2020, Jonathan C. McDowell, “Astronautical Glossary”, in Jonathan's Space Report, retrieved 2021-02-21:

(astronautics, humorous) A form of lithobraking in which a spacecraft or other object on a hyperbolic trajectory inbound to a planet, moon, asteroid, or other celestial body is decelerated by impact with the surface of the body.


lithocapture

en-verb

lithocapture (third-person singular simple present lithocaptures, present participle lithocapturing, simple past and past participle lithocaptured)

lithocaptures (present singular third-person)
lithocapturing (participle present)
lithocaptured (participle past)
lithocaptured (past)

/ˈlɪ.θoʊˌkæp.t͡ʃɚ/

/ˈlɪ.θəˌkæp.t͡ʃɚ/

/ˈlɪ.θoʊ.kæpˌt͡ʃɚ/

/ˈlɪ.θə.kæpˌt͡ʃɚ/

/ˈlɪ.θoʊˌkæp.t͡ʃə/

(astronautics, humorous) To perform lithocapture.


higher arithmetic

The higher arithmetic, or the theory of numbers, is concerned with the properties of the natural numbers 1, 2, 3, . . . .

1999, [1952], H. Davenport, The Higher Arithmetic: An Introduction to Number Theory, 7th edition, Cambridge University Press, page 7:

2008, Harold M. Edwards, Higher Arithmetic: An Algorithmic Introduction to Number Theory, American Mathematical Society, https://books.google.com.au/books?id=JTER4y2vBMIC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22higher+arithmetic%22&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj3lPH21PzuAhWVwzgGHXU0AZMQ6AEwBHoECFwQAg#v=onepage&q=%22higher%20arithmetic%22&f=false.

(mathematics, chiefly dated) Number theory; the branch of pure mathematics concerned primarily with integers and integer-valued functions.


unicoherent

Any closed interval on the real line is unicoherent, but a circle is not.

(mathematics) Of a topological space X: such that it is a connected space and, for any closed, connected A,B⊂X with X=A∪B, the intersection A∩B is connected.


Runge's theorem

Named after the German mathematician Carl Runge, who first proved it in the year 1885.

(mathematics) A certain approximation theorem in complex analysis.


Mittag-Leffler's theorem

(mathematics) A theorem in complex analysis concerning the existence of meromorphic functions with prescribed poles.

Gösta Mittag-Leffler
Mittag-Leffler's theorem


Mittag-Leffler polynomial

en-noun

Mittag-Leffler polynomial (plural Mittag-Leffler polynomials)

(mathematics) A polynomial of the form displaystyle (1+t)ᶻ(1-t)⁻ᶻ=∑ₙg_n(z)tⁿ.

Gösta Mittag-Leffler
Mittag-Leffler polynomial


Mittag-Leffler distribution

Mittag-Leffler distribution (plural Mittag-Leffler distributions)

probability distribution
probability distribution

Mittag-Leffler function
Mittag-Leffler function

(mathematics) Any member of two families of probability distributions defined with the Mittag-Leffler function.

Gösta Mittag-Leffler
Mittag-Leffler distribution


Mittag-Leffler star

Mittag-Leffler star (plural Mittag-Leffler stars)

(complex analysis) A set in the complex plane obtained by attempting to extend a given complex-analytic function along rays emanating from a given point.

Gösta Mittag-Leffler
Mittag-Leffler star


Mittag-Leffler function

The Mittag-Leffler function can be used to interpolate continuously between a Gaussian and a Lorentzian function.

(complex analysis) A complex function defined as E_α,β(z)=∑ₖ₌₀ ᪲(zᵏ)/(Γ(αk+β)), where Γ(x) is the gamma function.

Gösta Mittag-Leffler
Mittag-Leffler function


Mittag-Leffler summation

Mittag-Leffler summation (countable and uncountable, plural Mittag-Leffler summations)

(complex analysis) Any of several variations of the Borel summation method for summing possibly divergent formal power series.

Gösta Mittag-Leffler
Mittag-Leffler summation


nodesize

(mathematics) The value of a node of a tree.


pentaflake

(mathematics) A fractal formed by arranging clusters of pentagons around a central pentagon


Klein geometry

Klein geometry (plural Klein geometries)

Erlangen program
Felix Klein
Klein geometry

Named after German mathematician Christian Felix Klein (1849—1925). The concept arose from Klein's Erlangen program (published 1872).

Given a Klein geometry (G,H), the group G is called the principal group and G#47;H is called the space of the geometry.

The space of a Klein geometry is a smooth manifold of dimension #92;operatorname#123;dim#125;G-#92;operatorname#123;dim#125;H.

The present paper develops the general theory of non-holonomic geometries as generalizations of Klein geometries starting from a set of fundamental assumptions presented in the form of postulates.

1934, American Journal of Mathematics, volume 56, Johns Hopkins University Press, page 153:

The kernel of a Klein geometry (G,H) is the largest subgroup K of H that is normal in G. A Klein geometry (G,H) is effective if K#61;1 and locally effective if K is discrete. A Klein geometry is geometrically oriented if G is connected.

2006, Luciano Boi, “The Aleph of Space”, in Giandomenico Sica, editor, What is Geometry?, Polimetrica, page 91:

A careful geometric study of Klein geometries is available in [Sh97, Chapter 4].
Given a Klein geometry (G,H) we may first ask whether all of G is “visible” on G#47;H, i.e. whether the action #92;mathcal#123;l#125; of G on G#47;H is effective. In this case, we call the Klein geometry effective.

2009, Andreas Čap, Jan Slovák, Parabolic Geometries I, American Mathematical Society, page 49:

(differential geometry) A type of geometry (mathematical object representing a space and its spatial relationships); a homogeneous space X together with a symmetry group which represents the group action on X of some Lie group;

A type of geometry (mathematical object representing a space and its spatial relationships); a homogeneous space X together with a symmetry group which represents the group action on X of some Lie group;
(more formally) an ordered pair (G, H), where G is a Lie group and H a closed Lie subgroup of G such that the left coset space G / H is connected.


NFT

NFT (countable and uncountable, plural NFTs)

NFTs can be used to represent ownership of a digital or physical asset; for example, CryptoKitties is an Ethereum game in which each digital collectible kitten is represented with a unique NFT token. NFTs can also be used to represent a piece of digital art, that is unique and non-fungible.

2019, Jitendra Chittoda, Mastering Blockchain Programming with Solidity, Packt Publishing Ltd, →ISBN, page 216:

The Winklevii rode the cryptocurrency wave to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index and are bullish on NFTs. They ask why collecting digital art should be any different from collecting rare baseball cards.

2021 February 17, Mickey Rapkin, “‘Beeple Mania’: How Mike Winkelmann Makes Millions Selling Pixels”, in Esquire:

“Everydays” was the first purely digital NFT sold by Christie’s, and it offered to accept payment in Ethereum, another first for the 255-year-old auction house.

2021 March 11, Scott Reyburn, “JPG File Sells for $69 Million, as ‘NFT Mania’ Gathers Pace”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

non-fungible token
non-fungible token#English

(cryptocurrencies) Initialism of non-fungible token.


NFT

en-verb

NFT (third-person singular simple present NFTs, present participle NFTing, simple past and past participle NFTed or NFT'd)

NFTs (present singular third-person)
NFTing (participle present)
NFTed (participle past)
NFTed (past)
NFT'd (participle past)
NFT'd (past)

Typically, the art object that gets NFT’d is a digital file — maybe a JPEG image or an MP4 video — that lives on some hard drive, and that looks or sounds precisely the way it would have in the decades before NFTs came along.

2022 March 3, Blake Gopnik, “One Year After Beeple, the NFT Has Changed Artists. Has It Changed Art?”, in The New York Times:

(transitive, cryptocurrencies, neologism) To associate a non-fungible token (NFT) with.


intervariance

en-noun

intervariance (countable and uncountable, plural intervariances)

(mathematics) A measure of intervariability.


misfactor

en-verb

misfactor (third-person singular simple present misfactors, present participle misfactoring, simple past and past participle misfactored)

misfactors (present singular third-person)
misfactoring (participle present)
misfactored (participle past)
misfactored (past)

This teacher grades only on correct answer; there are no partial points for right completion but wrong answer. This frustrates me beyond belief; isn't the point of going to school to learn and be able to SHOW you know HOW to do the math even if somewhere along the line you misfactored or transposed numbers or whatever.

2010, “Calculus”, in A to Z Teacher Stuff:

After a moment's thought, the robot wrote out a polynomial and deliberately misfactored it.

2019, Yoon Ha Lee, “The Robot's Math Lessons”, in Hexarchate Stories:

(mathematics) To err when determining the factors of.


Loday algebra

(mathematics) Synonym of Leibniz algebra


Leibniz algebra

en-noun

Leibniz algebra (plural Leibniz algebras)

(mathematics) A module over a commutative ring with a bilinear product satisfying the Leibniz identity.

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Leibniz algebra


Zinbiel algebra

Zinbiel algebra (plural Zinbiel algebras)

From the surname of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, spelled backwards.

(mathematics) The Koszul dual concept to a Leibniz algebra.

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Zinbiel algebra


costraight

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-costraight.wav


fundamental unit

fundamental unit (plural fundamental units)

Synonym of base unit (“unit of measurement”).


Thales's theorem

Generally attributed to Thales of Miletus.

(geometry) A theorem stating that if A, B, and C are distinct points on a circle where the line AC is a diameter, the angle ABC is a right angle.

intercept theorem
intercept theorem#English


icosian

(mathematics) Any of a specific set of Hamiltonian quaternions with the same symmetry as the 600-cell.


affective computing

In fact, some HCI designers advocate the use of AFEA as a means of helping users better understand their emotions and individual psyches, suggesting that “affective computing” applications can be used for emotional and expressive self-assessment.

2011, Kelly A. Gates, Our Biometric Future, NYU Press, →ISBN, page 185:

artificial intelligence
artificial intelligence

(artificial intelligence) The study and development of systems and devices that can recognize, interpret, process, and simulate human affects.


Hodge star

(mathematics) A linear map defined on the exterior algebra of a finite-dimensional oriented vector space endowed with a nondegenerate symmetric bilinear form. Applying the operator to an element of the algebra produces the Hodge dual of the element.


PoW

PoW (countable and uncountable, plural PoWs)

With PoW, as new, unverified transactions become available or broadcast to the entire blockchain network, each node that maintains a copy of the ledger (also known as a “miner”) verifies a set of those transactions to prevent so called “double spending”.

2019, Peng Zhang, Role of Blockchain Technology in IoT Applications, Academic Press, →ISBN, page 187:

(countable and uncountable, cryptography, cryptocurrencies) Initialism of proof of work.


proof of work

proof of work (countable and uncountable, plural proofs of work)

The network timestamps transactions by hashing them into an ongoing chain of hash-based proof-of-work, forming a record that cannot be changed without redoing the proof-of-work.

2008 October 31, Satoshi Nakamoto, “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System”, in metzdowd.com Cryptography Mailing List:

Blockchains that use “proof-of-work”, as many popular cryptocurrencies do, raise yet another problem: they require a huge amount of raw energy to secure them.

2018 March 5, Nouriel Roubini, Preston Byrne, “Bitcoin is based on the blockchain pipe dream”, in The Guardian:

(cryptography, cryptocurrencies) A form of cryptographic proof in which a prover proves to verifiers that a certain amount of a specific computational effort has been expended.


non-fungible token

non-fungible token (plural non-fungible tokens)

Coordinate term: fungible token

How do you know if you need a fungible or non-fungible token for your use case?

2020 October 9, Jamiel Sheikh, Mastering Corda, O'Reilly Media, →ISBN, page 298:

A cryptocurrency token that records ownership of something.

but see nicht ersetzbares digital geschütztes Objekt


quarter circle

(geometry) A quarter of a circle. The shape formed from an arc that is a quarter of the circumference of a circle.


Koszul duality

Koszul duality (countable and uncountable, plural Koszul dualities)

Named after the French mathematician Jean-Louis Koszul.

representation theory
representation theory

(mathematics) Any of various kinds of duality found in representation theory of Lie algebras, abstract algebras, and topology.


π-system

To see this, first check that #92;sigma(X#95;0,X#95;1,#92;dots)#61;#92;sigma(#92;mathcalF#95;0), where #92;textstyle#92;mathcalF#95;0#58;#61;#92;bigcup#92;infty#95;#123;k#61;0#125;#92;sigma(X#95;0,#92;dots,X#95;k) is a field and, in particular, a #92;boldsymbol#92;pi-system.

2007, Rabi Bhattacharya, Edward C. Waymire, A Basic Course in Probability Theory, Springer, page 49:

We start with a basis of simple roots #92;Delta of #92;Phi. Then we apply all possible elementary transformations and add the resulting #92;boldsymbol#92;pi-systems to the list. Of course, if #92;Gamma is a #92;boldsymbol#92;pi-system, and #92;Gamma' is a #92;boldsymbol#92;pi-system obtained from it by an elementary transformation and the diagrams of #92;Gamma and #92;Gamma' are the same, the root subsystems they span are the same, and therefore we do not add #92;Gamma'.

2017, Willem Adriaan de Graaf, Computation with Linear Algebraic Groups, Taylor & Francis (CRC Press), page 221:

Clearly the definitions for a #92;boldsymbol#92;pi-system and a #92;lambda-system are both satisfied by a #92;sigma-algebra.[…]
Proposition 4.1.8 Let #92;Omega be a set and B be a collection of subsets of #92;Omega. The collection B is a #92;sigma-algebra if and only if B is a #92;lambda-system and a #92;boldsymbol#92;pi-system.

2021, Jeremy J. Becnel, Tools for Infinite Dimensional Analysis, Taylor & Francis (CRC Press):

(set theory, measure theory, probability theory) A non-empty collection of subsets of a given set Ώ that is closed under non-empty finite intersections.

π-système

collection of subsets closed under non-empty finite intersections


properadic

(mathematics) Of or pertaining to properads.


antiprime

highly composite number
highly composite number#English

(number theory) Synonym of highly composite number


anukabiet

An old Thai unit of length, approximately 2.6 centimetres.


polyhedrometry

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-polyhedrometry.wav

(geometry) The measurement of polyhedra.


hexangle

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hexangle.wav


sextal

(mathematics, of a number) Having a base of six


sextuplication

sextuplication (countable and uncountable, plural sextuplications)


libration point

libration point (plural libration points)

(astrophysics) Synonym of Lagrange point


orthosymmetric

(mathematics, of a matrix) That has equal elements of the secondary diagonal.


metageometrician

non-Euclidean geometry
non-Euclidean geometry

(mathematics) A geometrician whose speciality is non-Euclidean geometry


metageometry

metageometry (countable and uncountable, plural metageometries)


Nullstellensatz

(mathematics) A theorem that establishes a fundamental relationship between geometry and algebra by relating algebraic sets to ideals in polynomial rings over algebraically closed fields.


Hilbert's basis theorem

(mathematics) A theorem stating that a polynomial ring over a Noetherian ring is Noetherian.


quindecangle

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-quindecangle.wav

(obsolete, geometry) Synonym of quindecagon.


Aldrin cycler

From Aldrin + cycler. After Buzz Aldrin, who developed the concept and its mathematical basis. From being a cycler, a space vehicle which cycles between intercepts of two celestial bodies in their own orbits, with little or no orbital adjustments needed, on as close to pure ballistics as practicable.

(astronautics) A spacecraft which cycles between Earth and Mars, in its own orbit which intercepts both their orbits at times when the planets are at those points in their orbits; which allows transport from Earth to Mars, or vice versa.


conditionally convergent

en-adj

conditionally convergent (not comparable)

absolutely convergent
absolutely convergent

(mathematics) convergent, but not absolutely convergent


bitcoinization

The process of bitcoin becoming accepted as a form of currency.


hyperbitcoinization

(neologism) A major or widespread bitcoinization (process of adopting bitcoin as a form of currency).


titanic prime

(mathematics) A prime number with at least 1000 decimal digits.


quadriquadric

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-quadriquadric.wav

(geometry, obsolete) A curve that is the complete intersection of two quadric surfaces.


quasipoisson

(mathematics) describing a generalisation of a Poisson distribution


ftpi

Abbreviation for the unit of measurement: flux transitions per inch


vintem

From Portuguese vintém, from Portuguese vinteno.

(historical) A former small Portuguese coin, similar to a penny.


tetrate

en-verb

tetrate (third-person singular simple present tetrates, present participle tetrating, simple past and past participle tetrated)

tetrates (present singular third-person)
tetrating (participle present)
tetrated (participle past)
tetrated (past)


pentate

pentate (third-person singular simple present pentates, present participle pentating, simple past and past participle pentated)

pentates (present singular third-person)
pentating (participle present)
pentated (participle past)
pentated (past)


hexate

hexate (third-person singular simple present hexates, present participle hexating, simple past and past participle hexated)

hexates (present singular third-person)
hexating (participle present)
hexated (participle past)
hexated (past)


hexation

en-noun

hexation (usually uncountable, plural hexations)

From hexa- + (itera)tion. The word was coined by the English mathematician Reuben Goodstein (1912–1985).

coinage

(mathematics) The arithmetic operation of repeated pentation.


Boothian

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Boothian.wav

(geometry) Of or relating to a tangential coordinate system invented by James Booth.


exponential smoothing

en-noun

exponential smoothing (countable and uncountable, plural exponential smoothings)

(statistics) a rule-of-thumb technique for smoothing time series data using the exponential window function.


Robinson arithmetic

First set out by R. M. Robinson in 1950.

(mathematics) A finitely axiomatized fragment of first-order Peano arithmetic, lacking the axiom schema of mathematical induction.


foont

Perhaps from French vingt (“twenty”), since a sovereign was worth 20 shillings.

(UK, slang, obsolete) A sovereign (the coin).


Poincaré ball

The equivalent of a Poincaré disk in three or more dimensions.


swarm intelligence

swarm intelligence (countable and uncountable, plural swarm intelligences)

Introduced by Gerardo Beni and Jing Wang in 1989, in the context of cellular robotic systems.

(artificial intelligence) The collective behavior of decentralized, self-organized systems, whether natural or artificial.


gavyuti

Unadapted borrowing from Sanskrit गव्यूति (gavyūti).

ubor

An ancient Indian unit of distance, equivalent to 12,000 feet; supposed to be the distance at which a cow's call or lowing can be heard.


proof of stake

Coordinate term: proof of work

The purest form of proof of stake is simply to make mining easier for those who can show they control a large amount of currency.

2016, Arvind Narayanan, Joseph Bonneau, Edward Felten, Andrew Miller, Steven Goldfeder, Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Technologies: A Comprehensive Introduction, Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 209:

(cryptocurrencies) A process for transaction verification on a blockchain which does not require energy-intensive mining.


cryptocurrency wallet

en-noun

cryptocurrency wallet (plural cryptocurrency wallets)

But now that you're using the most advanced, futuristic form of money (cryptos, baby!), you're gonna need a brand-new type of wallet to go with it: a cryptocurrency wallet. With a cryptocurrency wallet, you can not only store the value of your digital money but also send and receive currencies.

2019, Kiana Danial, Cryptocurrency Investing For Dummies, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 95:

(cryptocurrencies, finance) A device, program or a service which stores the public or private keys for cryptocurrency transactions.

kryptovaluuttalompakko

virtual wallet for holding cryptocurrency


crypto wallet

That's it, although it is a bit harder to memorize your crypto wallet credentials, as your public address will be 25–36 characters and your private key can be up to 50 characters or, in some cases, 20 different words in a set order.

2018, Siam Kidd, The Crypto Book: How to Invest Safely in Bitcoin and Other Cryptocurrencies, Hachette UK, →ISBN:

cryptocurrency wallet
cryptocurrency wallet#English


economic cybernetics

(economics, cybernetics, Marxism, Keynesianism) A scientific field in which cybernetic approaches are applied to economics to facilitate dialogue between microsystems and macrosystems, and not only.


ECDSA

w:Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm

Initialism of Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm.


KDF

key derivation function
w:key derivation function

(cryptography) Initialism of key derivation function.


KDF

Kenya Defence Forces
w:Kenya Defence Forces

(Kenya, military) Initialism of Kenya Defence Forces.


digital signature

digital signature (plural digital signatures)

We define an electronic coin as a chain of digital signatures. Each owner transfers the coin to the next by digitally signing a hash of the previous transaction and the public key of the next owner and adding these to the end of the coin.

2008, Satoshi Nakamoto, “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):

A signature within a mathematical scheme for verifying the authenticity of digital messages or documents.


geodesicity

differential geometry
differential geometry

(mathematics) The property of a smooth curve being a geodesic or of a vector field to be geodesic in the context of differential geometry.

differentiable manifold
differentiable manifold

(mathematics) The characterisation of a differentiable manifold in terms of its geodesics, such as the quality of a submanifold being totally geodesic.


totally geodesic

(mathematics) describing a submanifold whose geodesics are also geodesics of the surrounding manifold


singleton set

(mathematics) Synonym of singleton (“a set containing exactly one element”)


distributed ledger

distributed ledger (plural distributed ledgers)

Another distributed ledger platform, called Ethereum, works off the same technology that Bitcoin does, but it is run as an open-source software project, meaning the software code is freely available for anyone to work on.

2016 April 6, Quentin Hardy, “Ripple Aims to Put Every Transaction on One Ledger”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

As mentioned, a blockchain is a distributed ledger of transactions implemented as data batched into blocks that use cryptographic validation to link the blocks together.

2018, Joseph J. Bambara et al., Blockchain: A Practical Guide to Developing Business, Law, and Technology Solutions, McGraw Hill Professional, →ISBN, page 6:

A consensus of replicated, shared, and synchronized digital data geographically spread across multiple locations.


aikyon

(physics) An elementary particle in octonionic space


antimode

(mathematics) A local minimum on a graph


metaclustering

metaclustering (countable and uncountable, plural metaclusterings)

(mathematics) The clustering of clusters


chessboard distance

chessboard distance (plural chessboard distances)

So called because, in the game of chess, the minimum number of moves needed by a king to go from one square on a chessboard to another equals the Chebyshev distance between the centers of the squares, if the squares have side length one, as represented in 2-D spatial coordinates with axes aligned to the edges of the board.

Chebyshev distance
Chebyshev distance#English

(mathematics) Synonym of Chebyshev distance


Chebyshev distance

Chebyshev distance (plural Chebyshev distances)

(mathematics) A metric defined on a vector space where the distance between two vectors is the greatest of their differences along any coordinate dimension.


audioactive

From audio- + active; coined by John Horton Conway.

(mathematics) Being or relating to the look-and-say sequence.


Wolfram code

Introduced by Stephen Wolfram in a 1983 paper.

The rule runs its own randomizer, using Wolfram code 30.

1990 April 29, Rudy Rucker, “vants and wator, calab, long message”, in comp.theory.cell-automata (Usenet):

A code used to describe one-dimensional cellular automaton rules, based on a mapping of cell states to a digit sequence.


metageometrical

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autometry

(mathematics) An isometry of a metric space to itself


Rao-Blackwellize

en-verb

Rao-Blackwellize (third-person singular simple present Rao-Blackwellizes, present participle Rao-Blackwellizing, simple past and past participle Rao-Blackwellized)

Rao-Blackwellizes (present singular third-person)
Rao-Blackwellizing (participle present)
Rao-Blackwellized (participle past)
Rao-Blackwellized (past)

(transitive, statistics) To apply the Rao–Blackwell theorem to an estimator.


Rao-Blackwellization

en-noun

Rao-Blackwellization (countable and uncountable, plural Rao-Blackwellizations)

(statistics) The procedure of applying the Rao–Blackwell theorem to an estimator.


Rao-Blackwellized

en-adj

Rao-Blackwellized (comparative more Rao-Blackwellized, superlative most Rao-Blackwellized)

more Rao-Blackwellized (comparative)
most Rao-Blackwellized (superlative)

(statistics) Of an estimator, being the result of Rao-Blackwellization.


tetragonism

quadrature of the circle
quadrature of the circle

(dated, mathematics) quadrature of the circle


pentagonohedron

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(geometry) Any polyhedron that has pentagonal faces.


penthemimer

(prosody) A metrical unit equal to half of a pentameter


Gowers norm

Named after Timothy Gowers, who introduced the concept in his work on Szemerédi's theorem.

additive combinatorics
additive combinatorics

(mathematics) In the field of additive combinatorics, a class of norms on functions on a finite group or group-like object which quantify the amount of structure or randomness present.


Szemerédi's theorem

Endre Szemerédi proved the conjecture in 1975.

arithmetic progression
arithmetic progression

(mathematics) A result in combinatorics, stating that every set of integers with positive natural density contains a k-term arithmetic progression for every k.


self-attention

(machine learning) A form of attention (machine learning method) where input sequence is compared with itself, i.e. the keys and queries are the same.


isoperimeter

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(geometry) A figure that has the same perimeter as another


interpolary

(mathematics) Relating to, or by means of, interpolation.


metabias

An algorithm needs some method of altering its base bias as it is presented with sets of instances. The major claim of this paper is that, as the vast majority of algorithms are intended for use on a collection of problem instances, that meta bias is therefore necessary. Evidence for the fact that algorithms are intended to be reused is that the proponents of newly proposed algorithm test them on a number of problem instances which are reported in their papers. Meta bias is any mechanism which can adjust the base bias (see figure 2 i.e. it is a probability distribution over a set of base biases).

2010, John R. Woodward, Nottingham, “The Necessity of Meta Bias in Search Algorithms”, in International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Software Engineering (CiSE), number Dec., IEEE, →DOI, page 2b:

One of the most important metabiases is reporting bias. Only about 50% of randomised trials ultimately reach publication in a journal indexed in a major electronic database

2012, AJ Nordmann, B Kasenda, M Briel, “Meta-analyses: what they can and cannot do”, in Swiss medical weekly^([smw.ch]):

Given the topic of this review, formal assessment of metabiases such as publication bias or selective reporting within studies was not feasible.

2017, FR Schroeck, BL Jacobs, SB Bhayani, PL Nguyen, D Penson, J Hu, “Cost of New Technologies in Prostate Cancer Treatment: Systematic Review of Costs and Cost Effectiveness of Robotic-assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy, Intensity-modulated Radiotherapy, and Proton Beam Therapy”, in European urology, Elsevier:

Heterogeneity across the studies was tested with the Cochran Q and I2 statistics. We considered an I2 statistic of >25% as a low degree of heterogeneity, >50% as moderate heterogeneity, and >75% as high heterogeneity. To ascertain potential meta-bias, a funnel plot was qualitatively assessed for asymmetry.

2020 March 19, Derek S. Chew, Eric Black-Maier, Zak Loring, Peter A. Noseworthy, Douglas L. Packer, Derek V. Exner, Daniel B. Mark, Jonathan P. Piccini, “Diagnosis-to-Ablation Time and Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation Following Catheter Ablation. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies”, in Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, number 13:e008128, →DOI:

Metabiases / We will plot study sample size against effect size to evaluate whether these are skewed and asymmetrical in the presence of publication bias and other biases. In addition, the risk of bias assessment tools will identify whether studies indicate selective reporting of outcomes, which we will summarise across studies if possible.

2021, Desai S, Mehta KM, Singh RJ, et al., “Effects of integrated economic and health interventions with women’s groups on health-related knowledge, behaviours and outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol.”, in BMJ Open:

A biasing factor, such as publication bias, that results in the available data becoming artificially skewed.


caterpillarize

en-verb

caterpillarize (third-person singular simple present caterpillarizes, present participle caterpillarizing, simple past and past participle caterpillarized)

caterpillarizes (present singular third-person)
caterpillarizing (participle present)
caterpillarized (participle past)
caterpillarized (past)

(mathematics, transitive) To visualize (a tree) as a group of subtrees.


caterpillarization

(mathematics) The process or the result of caterpillarizing a tree.


pseudocaterpillar

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nondefectivity

(mathematics) State or quality of being nondefective.


negadecimal

(mathematics) In the base of negative 10.


negabinary

(mathematics) In the base of negative 2.


Ernst equation

Named after the American physicist Frederick J. Ernst.

partial differential equation
partial differential equation

general theory of relativity
general relativity

(mathematics) An integrable non-linear partial differential equation used in finding the exact solutions of Einstein's equations in the general theory of relativity.


Lax pair

differential equation
differential equation

(mathematics) In the theory of integrable systems, a pair of time-dependent matrices or operators that satisfy a corresponding differential equation, called the Lax equation.


Cornu

(mathematics, attributive use) French mathematician Marie Alfred Cornu (1841–1902).


subchild

(mathematics) The child of a child (subordinate node) of a tree


zeroaxial

zeroaxial determinant

(mathematics, archaic) Having an axis composed of zeroes.


homocentrical

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(geometry) Alternative form of homocentric (“having the same centre”)


velary

(geometry, obsolete) Relating to a curve representing the motion of a sail blown by the wind.


quindecile

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Gaussian function

en-noun

Gaussian function (plural Gaussian functions)

(mathematics) A function of the form f(x)=a· exp (-((x-b)²)/(2c²)) for arbitrary real-number constants a, b and non-zero c; used in statistics, signal processing, etc.


arsinh

/ˈɑː(ɹ)ˌsaɪnʃ/

/ˈɑː(ɹ)ˌʃaɪn/

(trigonometry) The area hyperbolic sine function, i.e., the inverse hyperbolic sine function.


arcosh

/ˈɑː(ɹ)ˌkɒʃ/

(trigonometry) The area hyperbolic cosine function, i.e., the inverse hyperbolic cosine function.


artanh

/ˈɑː(ɹ)ˌtænʃ/

(trigonometry) The area hyperbolic tangent function; i.e., the inverse hyperbolic tangent function (or hyperbolic arctangent)


arcoth

/ˈɑː(ɹ)ˌkɒθ/

(trigonometry) The area hyperbolic cotangent function, i.e., the inverse hyperbolic cotangent function.


arsech

/ˈɑː(ɹ)ˌsɛt͡ʃ/

(trigonometry) The area hyperbolic secant function, i.e., the inverse hyperbolic secant function.


gradient descent

Thus, in gradient descent, on each epoch, we perform the parameter update.

2019, Sudharsan Ravichandiran, Hands-On Deep Learning Algorithms with Python, Packt Publishing Ltd, →ISBN, page 92:

(mathematics) A first-order iterative optimization algorithm for finding a local minimum of a differentiable function.


federated learning

artificial intelligence
artificial intelligence

(artificial intelligence) A machine learning technique that trains an algorithm across multiple decentralized edge devices or servers holding local data samples, without exchanging them.


triclustering

(mathematics, computing) The simultaneous clustering of three independent rows or columns of a three-dimensional matrix


adelize

en-verb

adelize (third-person singular simple present adelizes, present participle adelizing, simple past and past participle adelized)

adelizes (present singular third-person)
adelizing (participle present)
adelized (participle past)
adelized (past)

It is possible to adelize the construction given there.

1996, JP Serre, Two letters on quaternions and modular forms:


Gromov-Witten invariant

en-noun

Gromov-Witten invariant (plural Gromov-Witten invariants)

Named after Mikhail Gromov and Edward Witten.

(mathematics) A rational number that, in certain situations, counts pseudoholomorphic curves meeting prescribed conditions in a given symplectic manifold. They have applications in string theory.


Cauchyan

en-adj

Cauchyan (comparative more Cauchyan, superlative most Cauchyan)

more Cauchyan (comparative)
most Cauchyan (superlative)

(mathematics) Of or pertaining to Augustin-Louis Cauchy.


quotient set

Given the set of integers ℤ, and the equivalence relation a∼b⟺a≡b( mod 2)⟺(a-b)%2=0, the quotient set is written ℤ/∼=̄0,̄1, consisting of the even and the odd integers.

equivalence relation
equivalence relation

(mathematics, given some set and an equivalence relation on that set) the set consisting of all equivalence classes

quotient topology

a topology on a quotient set derived from a topology on the generating set

quotient space

a topological space constructed by endowing the quotient set with its quotient topology


initial topology

en-noun

initial topology (plural initial topologies)

topological space
topological space#English

(topology) Given a set X, a family of topological spaces (M#95;i,T#95;i)#95;#123;i#92;inI#125; and a family of functions f#95;i#58;X#92;toM#95;i, the initial topology is the coarsest topology on X such that all f#95;i are continuous.


final topology

final topology (plural final topologies)

(topology) Given a set X, a family of topological spaces (M#95;i,T#95;i)#95;#123;i#92;inI#125; and a family of functions f#95;i#58;M#95;i#92;toX, the final topology is the finest topology on X such that all f#95;i are continuous.


t-distribution

Student's t-distribution
Student's t-distribution#English

(statistics) Ellipsis of Student's t-distribution.


t distribution

Student's t distribution
Student's t distribution#English

(statistics) Ellipsis of Student's t distribution.


trial division

(mathematics) A simple method of finding the divisors of an integer, or establishing if the integer is prime, by selecting a set of smaller integers and seeing if there is a zero remainder upon division by each one


population pyramid

population pyramid (plural population pyramids)

(demography) A graphical illustration of the distribution of a population (typically that of a country or region of the world) by age groups and sex; it typically forms the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing.

هَرَم سُكَّانِيّ

graphical illustration of the distribution of a population by age groups and sex


root extraction

root extraction (plural root extractions)

(arithmetic) The process or result of computing the nth root of a real or complex number.


NBMR

negative binomial multiple regression#English

(mathematics) Initialism of negative binomial multiple regression.


U.S. survey foot

U.S. survey foot (plural U.S. survey feet)

international foot
international foot#English

(US, measurement, geodesy) A measurement unit for distance; the standard foot for surveying in the United States from 1893 to 2022; having a value of 1200/3937 metres (0.3048006096m). The US Survey Foot was replaced by the ISO standard international foot from 2022.


Chazy equation

Introduced by French mathematician Jean Chazy (1882–1955).

(mathematics) The differential equation (d³ʸ)/(dx³)=2y(d²ʸ)/(dx²)-3((dy)/(dx))².


neutrosophics

(statistics) neutrosophic probability or statistics


cable theory

(neurology, mathematics) The use of mathematical models to calculate the electric current and accompanying voltage along passive neurites, particularly the dendrites that receive synaptic inputs at different sites and times.


quintilise

en-verb

quintilise (third-person singular simple present quintilises, present participle quintilising, simple past and past participle quintilised)

quintilises (present singular third-person)
quintilising (participle present)
quintilised (participle past)
quintilised (past)


Białynicki-Birula decomposition

en-noun

Białynicki-Birula decomposition (plural Białynicki-Birula decompositions)

The description depends on a partial ordering of the fixed point components which arises from the Białynicki-Birula decompositions of X.

1984, Pacific Journal of Mathematics, volumes 114-115, page 149:

Section 2 describes a C*-action on Grassmann manifolds and gives the corresponding Białynicki-Birula decomposition.

1988, Mathematica Scandinavica, volume 62, page 5:

(algebraic geometry) A T-stable cellular decomposition of a smooth T-variety.


Sumihiro's theorem

(algebraic geometry) A theorem stating that a normal algebraic variety with an action of a torus can be covered by torus-invariant affine open subsets.


factorist

The question of when to stop factoring is one of the major points of controversy in factor analysis, and the criticisms which one factorist may direct against the work of another quite commonly deal with charges of overfactorization and underfactorization.

1959, Solomon Diamond, Information and error, pages 224–225:

A statistician who uses factor analysis.


underfactorization

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Shall we stop the process of factoring at this point, or go on to test a third hypothesis? […] The question of when to stop factoring is one of the major points of controversy in factor analysis, and the criticisms which one factorist may direct against the work of another quite commonly deal with charges of overfactorization and underfactorization.

(statistics) The use or consideration of too few factors in factor analysis.


Schönhardt polyhedron

Schönhardt polyhedron (plural Schönhardt polyhedra)

Named after German mathematician Erich Schönhardt, who described it in 1928.

(geometry) The simplest non-convex polyhedron that cannot be triangulated into tetrahedra without adding new vertices.


octakishexahedron

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(geometry, rare) A polyhedron with 48 faces.


superspatial

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Situated or taking place above or outside the limits of space.


nonsummability

(mathematics) The condition of being nonsummable


torsion subgroup

torsion subgroup (plural torsion subgroups)

A standard theorem about finitely generated abelian groups tells us that E(#92;mathbb#123;Q#125;) looks like
#92;qquadE(#92;mathbb#123;Q#125;)#92;cong(#92;mbox#123;FiniteGroup#125;)#92;times#92;underbrace#123;#92;mathbb#123;Z#125;#92;times#92;mathbb#123;Z#125;#92;times...#92;times#92;mathbb#123;Z

2006 July 7, Joseph H. Silverman, An Introduction to the Theory of Elliptic Curves:

(algebra) Subgroup of an abelian group whose generators have finite order.


Barnes integral

Barnes integral (plural Barnes integrals)

They were introduced by Ernest William Barnes.

(mathematics) A contour integral involving a product of gamma functions, closely related to generalized hypergeometric series.


millisatoshi

A thousandth of a satoshi; the same as 0.00000000001 bitcoin.


semitotalistic

Those are fully symmetric, but not semitotalistic; the main difference lies, among other things, in whether a pair of diametrically opposed live cells should give birth to a new cell.

1992 June 15, Harold McIntosh, “Variations on Conway Life.”, in comp.theory.cell-automata (Usenet):

Bays looked at several spots in the paramerization space of 'semi-totalistic' ('semi-totalistic' that my new state is a function of only my own state and the sum of my neighbors' states) on cubic as well as 'half-cubic' lattices.

1994 October 11, Wayne Tvedt, “3D Cellular Automata”, in comp.theory.cell-automata (Usenet):

I've recently discovered four new semi-totalistic rules (i.e. defined by neighbor counts, like Life) that have self-replicating patterns in them.

2001 October 31, David Eppstein, “Four new rules with replicators”, in comp.theory.cell-automata (Usenet):

(cellular automata) Totalistic only on the outer planes.


fractalysis

Figure 9: A later view of the fractalysis experiment: several random walkers have stuck to the seed.

2002, Matt Delong, Dale Winter, Learning to Teach and Teaching to Learn Mathematics, page 126:

Fractalysis finds application in science and technology

In “fractalysis”, only direct illumination is considered while the indirect lighting, as a result of reflection, is not taken into account.

2011, L. Han, J.-C. Soulié, F. Boudon, D. Da Silva, T. Cokelaer, C. Pradal, L. Rouan, E. Costes, “Sensitivity analysis of light interception to geometrical traits of apple trees: an in silico study based on MAppleT model”, in ISHS Acta Horticulturae 1068: IX International Symposium on Modelling in Fruit Research and Orchard Management:

Under the leadership of Pierre Frankhauser, we used Gilles Vuidel's (2002-2003) fractalysis method.

2020, F. Z. Zenati Bouiche, D. Alkama, A. Bouamrane, “The Fractal Analysis, an Alternative to the Renewal of Urban Land in the Bejaia City”, in Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences:

(mathematics) fractal analysis or analytics


Padé approximant

Padé approximant (plural Padé approximants)

The technique was developed around 1890 by Henri Padé.

(mathematics) The "best" approximation of a function by a rational function of given order. Under this technique, the approximant's power series agrees with the power series of the function it is approximating.


equiradical

(mathematics) Of surds: arising from the extraction of the same nth root.


busy beaver function

busy beaver function (plural busy beaver functions)

(mathematics, computing theory) The mathematical function, denoted by Σ(n), that maps each positive integer n to the number of steps required for the busy beaver among machines with two colors and n states to terminate.


Fermat curve

Named after French mathematician Pierre de Fermat (1607-1665).

homogeneous coordinate
homogeneous coordinate

(mathematics) The algebraic curve in the complex projective plane defined in homogeneous coordinates (X:Y:Z) by the Fermat equation.


Fermat equation

(mathematics) The equation Xⁿ+Yⁿ=Zⁿ, which defines a Fermat curve.


Johnson's algorithm

(graph theory) An algorithm for finding the shortest paths between all pairs of vertices in an edge-weighted directed graph.


superparameterization

(mathematics) parameterization using higher-level parameters


bilerp

Columns of TABLE 1 include an LOD level, number of bilinear interpolations (bilerps) per pixel, and number of pixels per packet for 32 bit texels.

2007, Paul S. Heckbert, Texture map component optimization, US Patent 9007389 (PDF version):

(mathematics, computing) Abbreviation of bilinear interpolation.


bilerp

en-verb

bilerp (third-person singular simple present bilerps, present participle bilerping, simple past and past participle bilerped)

bilerps (present singular third-person)
bilerping (participle present)
bilerped (participle past)
bilerped (past)

In mipmapping operations, the set of addresses fetches a four texel neighborhood from each of the two maps that bound the calculated size of the bilerped (bilinearly interpolate) quad.

1998, Carroll Philip Gossett, Mark Goudy, Ole Bentz, Method for efficient handling of texture cache misses by recirculation, US Patent 6259460 (PDF version):

(mathematics, computing) to interpolate bilinearly


halo orbit

First used by NASA mission specialist Robert W. Farquhar in 1966 for calculated orbits around the Earth–Moon L₂ point which required the use of thrusters to be made periodic.

Due to the strong hyperbolic character of the halo orbits, the stable manifold approaches the halo orbit in a very fast way. This fact means that if we are able to put the satellite in the stable manifold of a halo orbit, it will be close to the halo orbit (say at [a] few km) in a reasonable period of time.

2001, G. Gómez, À. Jorba, J. Masdemont, C.Simó, Dynamics and Mission Design Near Libration Points, Volume III, World Scientific, page 93:

2013, Yuhui Zhao, Shoucun Hu, Xiyun Hou, Lin Liu, Chapter 39: On Nominal Formation Flying Orbit with a Small Solar System Body, Rongjun Shen, Weiping Qian (editors), Proceedings of the 26th Conference of Spacecraft TT&C Technology in China, Tsinghua University Press, Springer, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 187, page 395,
If the ratio of the amplitude in x-direction to γ₁ keeps unchanged (=0.155), the periods of halo orbits are almost the same (about 190 days). As a result of the stability of CRTBP and the dynamics of halo orbit formation, nominal halo orbits do not exist if the ratio is too large or too small.

Thus, the minimum possible size for halo orbits in the Sun-Earth system is approximately (240 x 660) 10³ km at L₁ and (250 x 675) 10³ km at L₂, sizes denoting the maximum excursion from the libration point in the x and y directions respectively.

2013, Daniel García Yárnoz, Joan-Pau Sanchez, Colin R. McInnes, “Chapter 21: Opportunities for Asteroid Retrieval Missions”, in Viorel Badescu, editor, Asteroids: Prospective Energy and Material Resources, Springer, page 486:

(orbital mechanics) A periodic, three-dimensional orbit about any one of the Lagrange points L₁, L₂ or L₃ of a two-body gravitational system.


congruence class

en-noun

congruence class (plural congruence classes)

(mathematics) An equivalence class of an equivalence relation that is a congruence.


trilerp

(mathematics, computing) Abbreviation of trilinear interpolation.


trilerp

en-verb

trilerp (third-person singular simple present trilerps, present participle trilerping, simple past and past participle trilerped)

trilerps (present singular third-person)
trilerping (participle present)
trilerped (participle past)
trilerped (past)

(mathematics, computing) to interpolate trilinearly


Malmquist bias

Named after Swedish astronomer Gunnar Malmquist, who first described the effect in 1922.

A type of selection bias, where brighter objects appear to be more common at further distances; caused by a larger actual sample gathering region per square degree at further distances, and that dimmer sources drop out of sight due to distance.


reform mathematics

(mathematics, education) An approach to mathematics education, particularly in North America, that de-emphasizes the strict rote following of algorithms.


hard fork

Coordinate term: soft fork

Bitcoin Cash is a hard fork of Bitcoin.

Some are pushing for a “hard fork” of Ethereum, which would undo the damage by effectively asking 51% of the currency’s users to agree to pretend that it had never happened in the first place.

2017 November 8, Alex Hern, “'$300m in cryptocurrency' accidentally lost forever due to bug”, in The Guardian:

As it pertains to blockchain technology, a hard fork is an upgrade to mining software that makes a change to the network that requires the participation of all miners.

2020, Lorne Lantz, Daniel Cawrey, Mastering Blockchain, O'Reilly, →ISBN, page 61:

(cryptocurrencies) A rule change of a blockchain such that the software validating according to the old rules will see the blocks produced according to the new rules as invalid; the new blockchain resulting from such a split.


soft fork

Coordinate term: hard fork

As it pertains to blockchain technology, a soft fork is an upgrade to mining software that makes a change to the network but does not require that all miners participate.

(cryptocurrencies) A rule change of a blockchain that does not require an upgrade of the whole network.


cantellated

(mathematics) Generated or modified by a cantellation.


runcicantellation

(geometry) The simultaneous state of runcination and cantellation.


runcicantellated

(mathematics) Generated or modified by a runcicantellation.


runcitruncated

(mathematics) generated or modified by a runcitruncation


omnitruncation

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Wythoff construction
Wythoff construction

(geometry) An operation applied to a regular polytope in a Wythoff construction that creates a maximum number of facets.


Wythoff construction

en-noun

Wythoff construction (plural Wythoff constructions)

Named after the Dutch mathematician Willem Abraham Wythoff (1865–1939).

(geometry) A method for constructing a uniform polyhedron or plane tiling.

Willem Abraham Wythoff
Wythoff construction


runcicantitruncated

(mathematics) Generated or modified by a runcicantitruncation.


cantitruncated

(mathematics) Generated or modified by a cantitruncation.


ciphertext-only attack

ciphertext-only attack (plural ciphertext-only attacks)

known-plaintext attack
known-plaintext attack

(cryptography) An attack on a cryptosystem that relies only on the attacker's knowledge of some ciphertexts encrypted with that system and key. Less powerful than a known-plaintext attack.


known-plaintext attack

known-plaintext attack (plural known-plaintext attacks)

ciphertext-only attack
ciphertext-only attack

chosen-plaintext attack
chosen-plaintext attack

(cryptography) An attack on a cryptosystem that relies on the attacker's knowledge of not just some ciphertexts encrypted with that system and key, but also their corresponding plaintexts (cribs). More powerful than a ciphertext-only attack, but less powerful than a chosen-plaintext attack.

tunnettuun selkotekstiin perustuva hyökkäys


chosen-plaintext attack

chosen-plaintext attack (plural chosen-plaintext attacks)

chosen-ciphertext attack
chosen-ciphertext attack

(cryptography) An attack on a cryptosystem that relies on the attacker's ability to choose any plaintext of their liking and encrypt it into the corresponding ciphertext with that system and key. More powerful than a known-plaintext attack but less powerful than a chosen-ciphertext attack.

valittuun selkotekstiin perustuva hyökkäys


chosen-ciphertext attack

chosen-ciphertext attack (plural chosen-ciphertext attacks)

The ElGamal encryption system is resistant against chosen-plaintext attacks, but not against chosen-ciphertext attacks.

(cryptography) An attack on a cryptosystem that relies on the attacker's ability to choose any ciphertext of their liking and decrypt it into the corresponding plaintext with that system and key. More powerful than a chosen-plaintext attack.

valittuun salatekstiin perustuva hyökkäys


collision attack

collision attack (plural collision attacks)

(cryptography) An attack on a cryptographic hash function that is able to find a hash collision (a pair of different inputs that have the same hash) faster than by brute force.


preimage attack

preimage attack (plural preimage attacks)

(cryptography) An attack on a cryptographic hash function that is able to find a preimage for a hash; that is, it is able to determine (faster than by brute force) some input that results in a known hash when passed through the algorithm.


second preimage attack

second preimage attack (plural second preimage attacks)

(cryptography) An attack on a cryptographic hash function that is able to find a second preimage for a hash and its preimage; that is, given a hash and an input that has that specific hash, it is able to find (faster than by brute force) another input with the same hash.


bi-elliptic transfer

bi-elliptic transfer (plural bi-elliptic transfers)

(astronautics) A type of movement of a spacecraft from one orbit to another, in which the spacecraft first raises its apoapsis to an extremely high altitude, then, at the new, higher, apoapsis, performs an engine burn to change its periapsis to that of the desired orbit, and, finally, upon reaching the new periapsis, performs a third burn to lower the eccentricity of its orbit and circularize in the desired orbit, or performs these steps in reverse to move from a higher to a lower orbit.


scalar triple product

scalar triple product (plural scalar triple products)

(mathematics) The dot product of one of the three vectors with the cross product of the other two.


bitcoiner

One who uses the bitcoin cryptocurrency.


Poincaré-Birkhoff-Witt theorem

the Poincaré-Birkhoff-Witt theorem (canonical)

Named after Henri Poincaré, Garrett Birkhoff, and Ernst Witt.

universal enveloping algebra
universal enveloping algebra

(mathematics) A result giving an explicit description of the universal enveloping algebra of a Lie algebra.


closed loop

(topology) A path whose initial point is equal to its terminal point.

(mathematics) Alternative form of closed curve

A feedback loop, especially when found in:

(cybernetics) A closed-loop transfer function.


Gosper's algorithm

Invented by the mathematician Bill Gosper.

(mathematics) An algorithm for finding sums of hypergeometric terms that are themselves hypergeometric terms.


cold wallet

(cryptocurrencies) Synonym of cold storage


coatom

In a Boolean lattice, the complement of an atom is a coatom.

partially ordered set
partially ordered set

(mathematics) In a partially ordered set, a non-unit element that has no element above it other than the unit (assuming that the poset has a top element, its "unit").


alternating series

alternating series (plural alternating series)

(mathematics) An infinite series in the form of ∑ₙ₌₀ ᪲(-1)ⁿa_n or ∑ₙ₌₀ ᪲(-1)ⁿ⁺¹a_n, where a_n>0 for all n.


secant method

(mathematics) An iterative numerical method for finding a root of an equation f(x)=0, using a succession of roots of secant lines to better approximate the root.


Ceva's theorem

Named after Italian mathematician Giovanni Ceva (1647-1734), to whom the discovery of the theorem is often attributed.

(mathematics) A theorem about triangles in plane geometry, regards the ratio of the side lengths of a triangle divided by cevians.


Ptolemy's theorem

Named after the Greek astronomer and mathematician Ptolemy.

cyclic quadrilateral
cyclic quadrilateral

(geometry) A theorem that states in a cyclic quadrilateral, the product of the lengths of its diagonals is equal to the sum of the products of the lengths of the two pairs of opposite sides.


relative error

(mathematics) The absolute value of the ratio of the absolute error to the actual value.


renorming

renorming (countable and uncountable, plural renormings)

The method of the equivalent norms and specially LUR renormings has many applications inside Banach space theory.

2009, Aníbal Moltó, José Orihuela, Stanimir Troyanski, A Nonlinear Transfer Technique for Renorming, page 11:

mathematical analysis
mathematical analysis

(mathematical analysis) The application of mathematical operations to return values to a norm.


bisection method

bisection method (plural bisection methods)

(mathematics) A root-finding method that applies to any continuous functions for which one knows two values with opposite signs, and consists of repeatedly bisecting the interval defined by these values and then selecting the subinterval in which the function changes sign, and therefore must contain a root.


graduate student descent

Modeled on gradient descent. Attributed to David A. McAllester.

Phrase of the day, "Graduate Student Descent." Optimization through graduate student tweaking.

[2011 April 6, Kat Scott, Twitter, archived from the original on 2022-07-04:

[…] people without real-world experience often ignore systematic approaches to hyperparameter tuning in favor of manual, gut-feeling approach. The most popular method is arguably 'Graduate Student Descent (GSD) […]

2019, Chip Huyen, “Design a machine learning system”, in Chip Huyen [personal website], retrieved 2021-09-27:

Instead of hypothesis-forming based on theory, extensive research on previous studies and/or reflection against the existing domain knowledge, grad student descent […] is applied.

2019 April 17, Oguzhan Gencoglu with Mark van Gils, Esin Guldogan, Chamin Morikawa, Mehmet Süzen, Mathias Gruber, Jussi Leinonen, and Heikki Huttunen, “HARK Side of Deep Learning - From Grad Student Descent to Automated Machine Learning”, in arXiv, page 2:

(machine learning, humorous) The process of choosing hyperparameters manually and in an ad-hoc manner, typical of work assigned to a graduate student.


trapezoidal rule

trapezoidal rule (plural trapezoidal rules)

(mathematics) A method of finding an approximate value for a definite integral, based on dividing the area under the graph of the function into a series of strips, each of which is approximately a trapezoid, and summing the area of all the trapezoids to approximate the area.


correlogy

(mathematics) The analysis of correlations


Riemann sum

Named after Bernhard Riemann, a German mathematician.

(mathematics) A certain kind of approximation of an integral by a finite sum that is calculated by dividing the interval of integration into smaller sub-intervals and summing sample values of the integrand inside those sub-intervals multiplied by their lengths.


Cantor's theorem

Named after German mathematician George Cantor (1845-1918) who stated and proved this theorem.

(set theory) A theorem in set theory which states for any set A, the set of all subsets of A (the power set of A, denoted by 𝒫(A)) has a strictly greater cardinality than A itself.


sesma

From Spanish sesma, from Latin sexta (“sixth”), from its use as a sixth of the vara (Spanish yard or rod).

(historical) A traditional Spanish unit of length, equivalent to about 13.9 cm.


scaline

scaline triangle


didodecahedron

didodecahedron (plural didodecahedra or didodecahedrons)

didodecahedra (plural)
didodecahedrons (plural)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-didodecahedron.wav

Didodecahedrons are never seen in crystals, as predominating forms; but they are frequently met with as modifying faces, in combinations, principally in those in which the 6-sided prism predominates.

1853, “Crystallography”, in Th[omas] Forrest Betton, transl., edited by James C[urtis] Booth and William L. Faber, Elements of Chemistry. For the Use of Colleges, Academies, and Schools., 2nd edition, volume I, Philadelphia, Pa.: Clark & Hesser, translation of original by [Henri] V[ictor] Regnault, section “The six systems of crystalline forms”, subsection 3 (Hexagonal system), page 34:

[…]a pair of opposite edges of every face are parallel, so that the form shows prominent zonal relationships which are not characteristic of didodecahedra in general.

1946, F[rank] C[oles] Phillips, “The Thirty-two Classes”, in An Introduction to Crystallography, Longmans, Green and Co., part I (The External Symmetry of Crystals), pages 145–146:

(geometry) A solid with 24 faces consisting of scalene triangles.


cryptobro

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He likes to cite Lambos—as in Lamborghini, the cryptobro trophy ride of choice—as shorthand for the excessive trappings of wealth, which do not interest him.

2018 October 22, Nick Paumgarten, The Prophets of Cryptocurrency Survey the Boom and Bust, issue:

"When it comes to blockchain, never invest more than you can afford to lose. One hundred percent. High-risk gambling, day trading, speculating—that's the way of the crypto bros."

2019, John Hargrave, Blockchain for Everyone: How I Learned the Secrets of the New Millionaire Class (And You Can, Too), page 297:

Crypto bros defend the imbalance by noting that women are more risk-averse than men.

2021, Michael Mechanic, Jackpot: How the Super-Rich Really Live—and How Their Wealth Harms Us All, unnumbered page:

(slang, sometimes derogatory) An enthusiastic cryptocurrency supporter, usually male, especially a dogmatic, condescending one.


Puertopia

[…] to "crypto-currency" traders building their own version of a libertarian, tax-free "Puertopia" built on Bitcoin.

2018, Mimi Sheller, Mobility Justice: The Politics of Movement in an Age of Extremes, unnumbered page:

Their arrival came as residents of the island struggled from the devastation wreaked by Hurricane Maria, but the young millionaires—some of them were billionaires—had another priority: creating "Puertopia."

2020, Jeff John Roberts, Kings of Crypto: One Startup's Quest to Take Cryptocurrency Out of Silicon Valley and Onto Wall Street, unnumbered page:

Puerto Rico has become a hotbed for this virtual currency as ultra rich advocates, such as Brock Pierce, flocked to their Caribbean “Puertopia” to evade taxes and to maximize their blockchain profits.

2021, Catalina M. de Onís, Energy Islands: Metaphors of Power, Extractivism, and Justice in Puerto Rico, page 210:

(cryptocurrencies slang) Puerto Rico as a cryptocurrency tax haven.


Apéry's constant

Named after French mathematician Roger Apéry who proved in 1978 that it is an irrational number.

Riemann zeta function
Riemann zeta function

(mathematics) The number ζ(3)=∑ₙ₌₁ ᪲1/(n³), where ζ is the Riemann zeta function, with a value of approximately 1.2020569…


arithmetic sequence

arithmetic sequence (plural arithmetic sequences)

arithmetic progression
arithmetic progression#English

(mathematics) Synonym of arithmetic progression


common ratio

geometric progression
geometric progression

(mathematics) The ratio of each term of a geometric progression to the term preceding it.


mucube

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(geometry) A regular skew apeirohedron with six squares around each vertex, formed by an infinite number of cubic cells (specifically, cubes missing two opposite faces each, around cubic empty spaces with no faces) in Euclidean 3D space.


muoctahedron

muoctahedron (plural muoctahedra or muoctahedrons)

muoctahedra (plural)
muoctahedrons (plural)

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truncated octahedra
truncated octahedron

(geometry) A regular skew apeirohedron with four hexagons around each vertex, formed by an infinite number of octahedron-like cells (specifically, truncated octahedra missing their square faces, and joined by the resulting square-shaped holes) in Euclidean 3D space.

六角四片四角孔ねじれ正多面体

ろっかくしへんしかくこうねじれせいためんたい


mutetrahedron

mutetrahedron (plural mutetrahedra or mutetrahedrons)

mutetrahedra (plural)
mutetrahedrons (plural)

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truncated tetrahedron
truncated tetrahedron

(geometry) A regular skew apeirohedron with six hexagons around each vertex, formed by an infinite number of truncated tetrahedron-like cells (specifically, truncated tetrahedra missing their triangle faces, with the resulting triangle-shaped holes joined to form empty spaces in the shape of faceless tetrahedra) in Euclidean 3D space.

六角六片三角孔ねじれ正多面体

ろっかくろくへんさんかくこうねじれせいためんたい


Facebook generation

Facebook generation (plural Facebook generations)

(sociology) A demographic group that has matured using social media as their primary networking tool.


BSDE

(calculus) Initialism of backward stochastic differential equation.


achteling

(historical) Synonym of achtel (“old measure”)


Listing number

These numbers were introduced by the 19th-century mathematician Johann Benedict Listing, and later given this name by Charles Sanders Peirce.

(mathematics) Any of four topological invariants associated with a topological space. The smallest Listing number counts the number of connected components of a space, and is thus equivalent to the zeroth Betti number.


Horner's method

Named after William George Horner, though it significantly pre-dates his work.

(mathematics, computing theory) An algorithm for polynomial evaluation that employs Horner's rule.


Horner's rule

(mathematics, computing theory) The rule stating that a polynomial of degree n can be (optimally) evaluated with only n multiplications and n additions:


IDW

inverse distance weighting
inverse distance weighting#English

(mathematics) Initialism of inverse distance weighting.


factor graph

(mathematics) A bipartite graph representing the factorization of a function.


Tanner graph

(mathematics) A bipartite graph used to state constraints or equations which specify error-correcting codes, used to construct longer codes from smaller ones.


Zarankiewicz problem

Named after the Polish mathematician Kazimierz Zarankiewicz, who proposed several special cases of the problem in 1951.

(graph theory) An unsolved problem in mathematics, asking for the largest possible number of edges in a bipartite graph that has a given number of vertices and has no complete bipartite subgraphs of a given size.


Zarankiewicz function

Zarankiewicz problem
Zarankiewicz problem

(graph theory) The function for which the Zarankiewicz problem seeks a formula: z(m, n; s, t), denoting the largest possible number of edges in a bipartite graph G = (U, V, E) for which |U| = m and |V| = n, but which does not contain a subgraph of the form K_(s,t).


Oberth effect

(astronautics) The concept that the most efficient place for spacecraft to change velocity is at the periapsis (the lowest point of an orbit).


mixingness

Mixingness implies ergodicity.

(statistics) The quality or characteristic of being mixing.


null matrix

null matrix (plural null matrices or null matrixes)

null matrices (plural)
null matrixes (plural)


elliptic-curve cryptography

(cryptography) A branch of public-key cryptography in which elliptic curves are used to generate key pairs.


preplay

a preplay negotiation period


Feit-Thompson theorem

It was proved by Walter Feit and John Griggs Thompson (1962, 1963).

(mathematics) A theorem stating that every finite group of odd order is solvable.


Carol prime

Carol Primes: FareySieve[{(2^#-1)^2-2&}]

2011, Scott B. Guthery, The Farey Sieve, page 8:

16,127 The fifth Carol prime of the form (2n – 1)² – 2

2019, Bruce Pyne, Prime Recreations: An Olio of Curios about Prime Numbers, page 29:

By this approach, the Kynèa primes and the Carol primes can be consider as examples of generated Mersenne primes, with the polynomials f(x) = x² ± 2x − 1.

2021, Elena Deza, Mersenne Numbers And Fermat Numbers, page 138:

(mathematics) A Carol number that is also a prime number.


healthy user bias

healthy user bias (countable and uncountable, plural healthy user biases)

A potential bias in epidemiologic studies, involving the fact that subjects who voluntarily enroll in a clinical trial and actually follow the experimental regimen are likely to be healthier than the general population.


Cullen prime

(mathematics) A Cullen number that is prime.


Gomory's theorem

Named after mathematician Ralph E. Gomory, whose proof was published in 1973.

(mathematics) A theorem proving that it is always possible to tile a chessboard with dominoes if two squares of opposite colors are first removed from the board.


memecoin

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But memecoins are simply online jokes converted into digital money, worth only what people are willing to pay for them. The most famous memecoin is Dogecoin, a cryptocurrency linked to a meme of a talking Shiba Inu puppy.

2024 July 27, David Yaffe-Bellany, “A Digital Coin Based on Baby Trump? Yup.”, in The New York Times:

Memecoins are seen as a gauge of retail interest and risk appetite in crypto. When memecoin activity ramps up, it usually indicates that retail investors are participating and have an appetite to speculate further out on the risk curve.

2024 November 12, Tanaya Macheel, “Dogecoin spikes after Trump announces a Department of Government Efficiency — DOGE”, in CNBC:

(cryptocurrencies) A cryptocurrency or token that is based on a meme or has a comedic trait.


Hodge decomposition

Hodge decomposition (plural Hodge decompositions)

(mathematics) A decomposition of a differential form according to the Hodge theorem.


chain group

kth chain group (canonical)
chain groups (plural)

(algebraic topology) A free abelian group generated by all the k-dimensional oriented simplices of a given simplicial complex.


homology group

kth homology group (plural homology groups)

kth homology group (canonical)
homology groups (plural)

(algebraic topology) The quotient group of the kth cycle group modulo the kth boundary group (derived from the chain complex of, e.g., a given simplicial complex).


boundary group

kth boundary group (plural boundary groups)

kth boundary group (canonical)
boundary groups (plural)

boundary homomorphism
boundary homomorphism

(algebraic topology) The image of the (k + 1)ᵗʰ boundary homomorphism (for a given chain complex).


cycle group

kth cycle group (canonical)
cycle groups (plural)

(algebraic topology) The kernel of the kᵗʰ boundary homomorphism (of a given chain complex).


boundary homomorphism

kth boundary homomorphism (plural boundary homomorphisms)

kth boundary homomorphism (canonical)
boundary homomorphisms (plural)

(algebraic topology, in a simplicial chain complex) A group homomorphism on the group of simplicial k-chains induced by mapping each oriented k-simplex to a particular formal sum of its faces.

(algebraic topology, in greater generality) A homomorphism that operates on the kth element in a chain complex.


Matiyasevich's theorem

Named after Russian mathematician Yuri Matiyasevich.

computably enumerable
computably enumerable

(mathematics) A theorem stating that every computably enumerable set is a Diophantine set, and the converse.


convolvable

en-adj

convolvable (comparative more convolvable, superlative most convolvable)

more convolvable (comparative)
most convolvable (superlative)

The set of distributions are convolvable with Poisson kernels.


GPD

en-noun

GPD (countable and uncountable, plural GPDs)

Generalized Pareto distribution
w:Generalized Pareto distribution

(statistics) Initialism of Generalized Pareto distribution.


rotor machine

(cryptography) An mixed electronic and mechanical stream cipher composed of a series of wheels, widespread use from the 1920s–1970s.


Gelfond-Schneider theorem

the Gelfond-Schneider theorem (canonical)

It was originally proved independently in 1934 by Aleksandr Gelfond and Theodor Schneider.

transcendental number
transcendental number

(mathematics) A theorem that establishes the transcendence of a large class of numbers, stating that, if a and b are algebraic numbers with a ≠ 0, 1, and b irrational, then any value of aᵇ is a transcendental number.


circumtriple

(astrophysics) orbiting around three stars or other centers.


Millennial

Boomers played cassettes in their cars and popularized FM radio. Thirteeners love their compact disks. Today's electronics industry is abuzz with talk of the new digital technology that awaits Millennial teenagers.

1991, William Strauss, Neil Howe, “The Past as Prologue”, in Generations: The History of America’s Future, 1584 to 2069, New York, N.Y.: William Morrow and Company, →ISBN, part III (The Future), page 352:

Many people, or at least a handful of very loud people, hate to being dubbed Millennial. They see it as derogatory.

2015 August 24, Samantha Sharf, “What is a ‘Millennial’ Anyway? Meet the Man who Coined the Phrase”, in Forbes, New York, N.Y.: Forbes, Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-09-29:

Alternative letter-case form of millennial


Millennial

Someday, Boomers hope, Millennials will build according to great ideals their parents can only envision, act on vital issues their parents can only ponder.

1991, William Strauss, Neil Howe, “The Millennial Cycle”, in Generations: The History of America’s Future, 1584 to 2069, New York, N.Y.: William Morrow and Company, →ISBN, part III (The Future), page 342:

Meet the Millennials, born in or after 1982—the "Babies on Board" of the early [Ronald] Reagan years, the "Have You Hugged Your Child Today?" sixth graders of the early [Bill] Clinton years, the teens of Columbine, and, this year, the much-touted high school Class of 2000, now invading the nation's campuses.

2000 September, Neil Howe, William Strauss, “The Next Great Generation”, in Millennials Rising: The Next Great Generation, New York, N.Y.: Vintage Books, →ISBN, page 4:

When we saw Millennials as kids being raised so differently, we could already make an easy prediction. We had seen this dark to bright contrast in child upbringing before many times in American history, so we already foresaw that by the time you got to 2000 you would see huge changes in people in their late teens and early 20s.

2015 August 24, Samantha Sharf, quoting Neil Howe, “What is a ‘Millennial’ Anyway? Meet the Man who Coined the Phrase”, in Forbes, New York, N.Y.: Forbes, Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-09-29:


threeven

Blend of three + even (“divisible by two”).

blend

(mathematics, informal) Divisible by three.


Zillennial

Coordinate term: xennial

These and other differences raise larger questions: How did Zillennials come to be this way? At what point did their tactics diverge?

2019, Robby Soave, Panic Attack: Young Radicals in the Age of Trump:

Such widespread inequality calls for an urgent requirement for leaders to change, especially because the new workforce – Millennials and Zillennials – are demanding such change, in their droves.

2019, Leila McKenzie Delis, Diversity, Inclusion & Belonging, page 23:

2023 June 6, Nadira Goffe, “A Zillennial Comedian Is Creating Taylor Swift–Style Chaos on Ticketmaster. Who Is Matt Rife?”, in Slate, retrieved 2023-06-06:

A person born on the cusp of, or during the latter years of Generation Y/Millennials and early years of Generation Z. They are cultural hybrids of both generations.


Herbrand-Ribet theorem

Named after Jacques Herbrand and Kenneth Ribet.

(mathematics) A result on the class group of certain number fields, strengthening Ernst Kummer's theorem to the effect that the prime p divides the class number of the cyclotomic field of p-th roots of unity iff p divides the numerator of the n-th Bernoulli number Bₙ for some n, 0 < n < p − 1. The Herbrand–Ribet theorem specifies what, in particular, it means when p divides such an Bₙ.


Donaldson-Thomas theory

Donaldson-Thomas invariant
Donaldson-Thomas invariant

(algebraic geometry) The theory of Donaldson-Thomas invariants.


Donaldson-Thomas invariant

en-noun

Donaldson-Thomas invariant (plural Donaldson-Thomas invariants)

Introduced in 1998 by Simon Donaldson and Richard Thomas.

Calabi-Yau threefold
Calabi-Yau manifold#English

(algebraic geometry) Given a compact moduli space of sheaves on a Calabi-Yau threefold, its Donaldson-Thomas invariant is the virtual number of its points, i.e., the integral of the cohomology class 1 against the virtual fundamental class.


ziggurat algorithm

ziggurat algorithm (plural ziggurat algorithms)

(statistics) An algorithm for pseudorandom number sampling, relying on an underlying source of uniformly-distributed random numbers as well as computed tables.


Calabi-Yau manifold

Calabi-Yau manifold (plural Calabi-Yau manifolds)

The name was coined by Candelas et al. (1985), after Eugenio Calabi (1954, 1957) who first conjectured that such surfaces might exist, and Shing-Tung Yau (1978), who proved the Calabi conjecture.

(algebraic geometry) A kind of manifold having properties, such as Ricci flatness, that yield applications in theoretical physics.


Kähler manifold

Kähler manifold (plural Kähler manifolds)

Introduced by Erich Kähler in 1933, though the concept had been studied by others a few years earlier.

differential geometry
differential geometry

(differential geometry) A manifold with three mutually compatible structures: a complex structure, a Riemannian structure, and a symplectic structure.


cryptojack

en-verb

cryptojack (third-person singular simple present cryptojacks, present participle cryptojacking, simple past and past participle cryptojacked)

cryptojacks (present singular third-person)
cryptojacking (participle present)
cryptojacked (participle past)
cryptojacked (past)

(cryptography, computer security) To make unauthorized use of an individual's electronic device to mine for cryptocurrency.


SPN

service principal name
service principal name#English

(computing, cryptography) Abbreviation of service principal name.


preferential attachment

en-noun

preferential attachment (plural preferential attachments)

Coined by Albert-László Barabási and Réka Albert.

Aided by preferential attachment and network effects (the phenomenon of a good or service becoming more valuable the more people who use it), a handful of winners emerge, overshadowing other available options.

2014, Astra Taylor, chapter 4, in The People's Platform: Taking Back Power and Culture in the Digital Age, Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN:

(graph theory) A positive feedback cycle where the more connected nodes in a graph are more likely to receive new links.


quasi-moon

From quasi- + moon, modeled after quasi-satellite.


Gordan's problem

Named after the Jewish-German mathematician Paul Gordan.

(mathematics) The problem of generalizing Paul Gordan's computational approach to the theorem of the finiteness of generators for binary forms to work with functions having more than two variables.


on-chain

The on-chain methodology suggests that all customer data is taken care of inside each block on the blockchain.

2021, D. Sumathi et al., editors, Convergence of Blockchain Technology and E-Business, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 241:

(cryptocurrencies) Occurring, validated, and recorded on a blockchain.


off-chain

The off-chain arrangements use miners who give their hard disk to store other clients' records for a prize, and the blockchain is utilized to encourage the capacity market among miners and clients.

(cryptocurrencies) Occurring outside of a blockchain.


cuspon

(physics, mathematics) A soliton based on a cusp


Coordinate term: DWeb

“We want to be a Web3 lifestyle company,” says Goner, who emphasizes that they’re still growing. “I’m a metaverse maximalist at this point. […]

2021 November 1, Samantha Hissong, quoting Gordon Goner, “How Four NFT Novices Created a Billion-Dollar Ecosystem of Cartoon Apes”, in Rolling Stone:

The biggest investors and industry players are also lobbying in Washington to influence rules that would favor their futuristic view of tokenomics, which can already be seen in some burgeoning communities where web3 is not some abstract concept but a feature of daily life.

2021 December 5, Ephrat Livni, “Welcome to ‘Web3.’ What’s That?”, in New York Times:

There are naysayers, too, notably proponents of more distributed technologies that are known as Web3, who argue that blockchains and cryptocurrencies are the next big thing—though as Ben Thompson, a tech pundit, points out, these may find much better use cases in the metaverse than in the real world.

2021 December 18, “The billionaire battle for the metaverse”, in The Economist, →ISSN:


tokenomics

It is for this reason that the rules of the economy—the “tokenomics”—are so important. Tokenomics is an uncharted discipline, and there are very few best practices. If your kids are going into college, tell them to dual-major in economics and computer science.

2019, John Hargrave, Blockchain for Everyone, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN, page 270:

(cryptocurrencies) The rules or science of the token economy.


non-computable

Chaitin's constant is a non-computable number.

(computing theory, mathematics) Not computable.


computable analysis

Mathematical analysis
mathematical analysis

(mathematics, computing theory) Mathematical analysis of computable numbers and functions.


Hénon map

(mathematics) A discrete-time dynamical system that maps one point to another on the plane, known for exhibiting chaotic behavior.


obliquangular

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an obliquangular triangle

(archaic, geometry) Formed of oblique angles.


quartimax

(statistics) Describing an orthogonal rotation that maximizes the squared loadings for each variable rather than each factor.


equimax

(statistics) Describing a compromise between varimax and quartimax criteria.


language model

Although unigram language models are simple, they clearly make unrealistic assumptions about word occurrences in text.

2022 [2009], Chengxiang Zhai, Statistical Language Models for Information Retrieval, Springer Nature, →ISBN, page 9:

(machine learning) A machine learning model that assigns probabilities to sequences of characters or words, and/or is capable of generating plausible subsequent text from a given prompt.


common factor

10 and 20 have a common factor of 2 because they are both even, and a greatest common factor of 10.

(mathematics) A number that can divide two different numbers, without leaving a remainder.


davach

Alternative form of daugh (“Scots land unit”)


ideal triangle

In hyperbolic geometry, a triangle whose vertices are all ideal; i.e. points at infinity, rather than real.


teleozetic

en-adj

teleozetic (comparative more teleozetic, superlative most teleozetic)

more teleozetic (comparative)
most teleozetic (superlative)

(very rare, cybernetics) Selecting goals for itself.


lateral surface

en-noun

lateral surface (plural lateral surfaces)

(geometry) All of the sides of the object, excluding its base and top (when they exist).

سطح جانبي

all of the sides of the object, excluding its base and top (when they exist)


utility graph

In reference to the three utilities problem, which asks to draw the utility graph in the plane.

(graph theory) The graph K_(3,3), which has six vertices in two sets of three and nine edges such that every vertex in one set is connected to each vertex in the other.


complete bipartite graph

complete bipartite graph (plural complete bipartite graphs)

(graph theory) A biclique, a bipartite graph such that every vertex of one set is connected to every vertex of the other.


p-adic order

(number theory) Of a positive integer n, the exponent of the highest power of p that divides n. Often denoted νₚ(n). For example, ν₂(48)=4.


lifting the exponent

(number theory) A lemma used to calculate the p-adic order of differences and sums of perfect powers.


perfect power

(mathematics) A positive integer that is an exact integer power of another positive integer.


perfect cube

27 is a perfect cube, as it is equal to 3 × 3 × 3.

(mathematics) An integer that is the product of three instances of another integer; equivalently, it is the product of an integer and its square.


infinite descent

proof by contradiction
proof by contradiction

(mathematics) A method of proof by contradiction that is used to prove that a statement must be false for all positive integers. By showing that if it is true for one integer, it must be true for a smaller integer, an infinite number of solutions are found and a contradiction is eventually reached.


complete the square

en-verb

complete the square (third-person singular simple present completes the square, present participle completing the square, simple past and past participle completed the square)

completes the square (present singular third-person)
completing the square (participle present)
completed the square (participle past)
completed the square (past)

(mathematics) To write a quadratic polynomial in terms of the square of a binomial.


multangle

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-multangle.wav


multiplee

(mathematics, obsolete) A partial product, i.e., the result of one step of a full multiplication algorithm.


ultrapolynomial

There exists an ultrapolynomial P(z) of class #92;left(M#95;p#92;right) (resp. of class #92;left#92;#123;M#95;p#92;right#92;#125;) such that P does not vanish on #92;mathbb#123;R#125;ᵈ and satisfies the following estimate:

2015, Stevan Pilipovic, Bojan Prangoski, Jasson Vindas, “On quasianalytic classes of Gelfand-Shilov type. Parametrix and convolution”, in arXiv:

(mathematics, rare) A power series in several variables P:Kᵈ→K (with K a field) of the form P(x)=Σ_(α∈ℕᵈ)c_αx^α whose coefficients are bounded in some specific sense.


Simpson's rule

(mathematics) Any of several approximations for definite integrals.


limit cardinal

(set theory) A cardinal number that cannot be reached from another by repeated successor operations (a weak limit cardinal) or by repeated power set operations (a strong limit cardinal).


tabulating machine

en-noun

tabulating machine (plural tabulating machines)

(accounting, computing, statistics, historical) An electromechanical machine used to summarise information and perform accounting calculations.


recency bias

recency bias (usually uncountable, plural recency biases)

Recency bias once saw Robbie Williams come sixth in a poll of 600,000 to decide the most influential musicians of the last millennium – one place above Mozart – so we should be wary of getting carried away in the moment.

2019 August 26, Ali Martin, “The big question: was Stokes’s hundred the greatest Test innings you’ve seen?”, in The Guardian:

A cognitive bias that favors recent events over historic ones.


mining pool

The hashrate at major crypto mining pools – groups of miners in different locations that team up to produce bitcoin – including AntPool and F2Pool was on Thursday at 1215 GMT down around 14% from its level late on Tuesday, according to data from mining firm BTC.com.

2022 January 6, “Kazakhstan internet shutdown deals blow to global bitcoin mining operation”, in The Guardian:

The pooling of resources by cryptocurrency miners who share their processing power and split the reward.


digital scarcity

Until 2009 digital scarcity did not exist in any meaningful way. If I had a file on my computer – a picture of a cat, say – I could copy that file for as many people as I wanted at a price too low to calculate.

2018, Simon Dingle, In Math We Trust: Bitcoin, Cryptocurrency and the Journey To Being Your Own Bank, Jonathan Ball Publishers, →ISBN:

With this technological design, Nakamoto was able to invent digital scarcity. Bitcoin is the first example of a digital good that is scarce and cannot be reproduced infinitely.

2018, Saifedean Ammous, The Bitcoin Standard: The Decentralized Alternative to Central Banking, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 177:

The CryptoKitties team addressed the concept of digital scarcity for singular items by way of their digital collectibles. No two CryptoKitties are alike—each one is unique.

2021, Tiana Laurence, Seoyoung Kim, NFTs For Dummies, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 22:

(cryptocurrencies) A limitation, imposed through software, of digital information; in particular, the limitation on the total supply of a cryptocurrency or other crypto-based tokens.


cryptosphere

The core-team Apes describe the graffiti-covered bathroom of the club itself — which looks like a sticky Tiki bar — in a way that echoes that project’s broader mission: “Think of it as a collaborative art experiment for the cryptosphere.”

2021 November 1, Samantha Hissong, “How Four NFT Novices Created a Billion-Dollar Ecosystem of Cartoon Apes”, in Rolling Stone:

The following became obvious quite quickly – the cryptosphere needed a nonvolatile peg.

2022, Simon Dingle, Steven Boykey Sidley, chapter 7, in Beyond Bitcoin, Icon Books, →ISBN:

(informal, cryptocurrencies, collective) The cryptocurrency community.


well-definedness

(mathematics) The quality of being well-defined.


concept drift

concept drift (countable and uncountable, plural concept drifts)

Concept refers to the hidden relationship between the inputs and outputs of the model.

Regarding collection usage, frecency metrics are employed, combining frequency and recency, to effectively capture concept drift and temporal trends.

2010, Mounia Lalmas et al., editors, Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries […] , Springer, →ISBN, page 544:

Concept drift is an important issue to be considered in data stream mining. In a real environment, the data distribution is constantly changing, and the model needs to be continuously updated to adapt to the new environment.

2020, Zhiwen Yu et al., editors, Green, Pervasive, and Cloud Computing […] , Springer Nature, →ISBN, page 115:

(statistics, machine learning) The tendency of a statistical model to become less and less accurate over time in real-world conditions.


coordinate chart

coordinate chart (plural coordinate charts)

A set S#92;subset#92;mathbb#123;R#125;³ is called a regular surface if each of its points has a neighborhood in S that is diffeomorphic to an open set in #92;mathbb#123;R#125;². That is, for every p#92;inS, there exists a neighborhood, V, of p in S, an open set U#92;subset#92;mathbb#123;R#125;², and a diffeomorphism #92;sigma#58;U#92;rightarrowV. Such a diffeomorphism #92;sigma is called a surface patch or a coordinate chart. A collection of surface patches that together cover all of the points of S is called an atlas for S.

2016 September 30, Kristopher Tapp, Differential Geometry of Curves and Surfaces (Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics), Springer, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 125:

(differential geometry) A homeomorphism from a local neighborhood around a point on a topological n-manifold in a Banach space to an n-dimensional Banach space (typically a subspace of the space the manifold is embedded in).


coordinate map

Let (W#95;0,#92;psi) be a smooth coordinate chart for P, and let (E#95;1,#92;dots,E#95;#123;n-p#125;) be a local orthonormal frame for the normal bundle NP; by shrinking W#95;0 if necessary, we can assume that the coordinates and the local frame are defined on the same open subset W#95;0#92;subseteqP. Let #92;hat#123;W#125;#95;0#61;#92;psi(W#95;0)#92;subseteq#92;mathbb#123;R#125;ᵖ, and let NP#92;vert#95;#123;W#95;0#125; be the portion of the normal bundle over W#95;0. The coordinate map #92;psi and frame (E#95;j) yield a diffeomorphism #92;hat#123;W#125;#95;0#92;times#92;mathbb#123;R#125;#123;n-p#125;#92;rightarrowNP#92;vert#95;#123;W#95;0#125; defined by[…]

2019 January 2, John M. Lee, Introduction to Riemannian Manifolds (Graduate Texts in Mathematics), Springer, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 135:

coordinate chart
coordinate chart#English

(differential geometry) Synonym of coordinate chart.


transition map

transition function
transition function#English

(differential geometry) Synonym of transition function.