harmonic proportion

harmonic proportion (plural harmonic proportions)

harmonic progression
harmonic progression

(mathematics) The relation of three quantities in harmonic progression, with the second being a harmonic mean between the first and third, as in the three numbers 2, 3, and 6.


Rule 30

So named because 30 is the smallest Wolfram code that describes its rule set.

(cellular automata) A one-dimensional binary cellular automaton rule displaying aperiodic, chaotic behaviour.


Rule 184

So named because 184 is the rule's Wolfram code.

(cellular automata) A one-dimensional binary cellular automaton rule, notable for solving the majority problem as well as for its ability to simultaneously describe several, seemingly quite different, particle systems.


Rule 90

So named because 90 is the rule's Wolfram code.

(cellular automata) An elementary cellular automaton based on the exclusive-or function.


Gould's sequence

(mathematics) An integer sequence that counts the odd numbers in each row of Pascal's triangle.


copunctual

(mathematics) Having a common set of points


Grassmann algebra

en-noun

Grassmann algebra (plural Grassmann algebras)

Named after Hermann Grassmann (1809–1877), a German polymath.

If a Grassmann algebra’s first grade consists of vectors of dimension n, then the algebra has n grades and 2ⁿ dimensions.

(algebra) A direct sum with an exterior product of multivector spaces which are all based on a same underlying finite-dimensional vector space. The associative algebra of sums and exterior products of scalars, vectors, blades, multivectors, and hybrid (i.e., non-homogeneous) sums of multivectors of different grades.


rhombidodecahedral

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(geometry) Relating to a rhombidodecahedron


slack variable

(mathematics) In an optimization problem, a variable added to an inequality constraint to transform it into an equality.


poststate

(mathematics) A modified state that exists after executing an operation.


overfilter

It is clear that overfilters and underfilters are dual in the sense of the duality principle.

1999, Edward R. Dougherty, Jaakko Astola, Nonlinear Filters for Image Processing, page 180:

(signal processing) A morphological filter (idempotent operator) whose image is a superset of the domain.


neros

From Ancient Greek νῆρος (nêros), from Akkadian 𒐞 (nēr).

(astronomy, archaic, rare) One sixth of a saros, or about three years.


edge list

(mathematics) An ordered list of the edges of a graph (set of connected vertices)


Neukirch-Uchida theorem

Named after Jürgen Neukirch (1969) and Kôji Uchida (1976), who worked in this area.

(mathematics) A theorem showing that all problems about algebraic number fields can be reduced to problems about their absolute Galois groups; one of the foundational results of anabelian geometry.


spider graph

(mathematics) A graph (set of connected points) that has one vertex of degree at least three, and all other vertices of degree two or less


contactization

(mathematics) Conversion to, or description using a contact manifold


underfilter

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(signal processing) A morphological filter (idempotent operator) whose image is a subset of the domain.


contact manifold

contact manifold (plural contact manifolds)

(mathematics, contact geometry) A smooth manifold of odd dimensionality in contact geometry.


shitcoin

But, against what many people shout about on Reddit, not every altcoin is a "shitcoin."

2017 December 12, Matthew Hrones, “Three Altcoins Crypto Investors Should Keep an Eye On”, in Bitcoinist:

There's bitcoin, and then there's shitcoin.

2019 July 18, Ben Brown, quoting Rep. Warren Davidson (R-OH), “'There's Bitcoin and Then There's Shitcoin (Libra)'. Congress Finally Gets It”, in Yahoo! Finance:

Crypto derivatives platform FTX has perhaps the most speculative and oddly-named futures index fund on the market: SHIT-PERP, or the Shitcoin Index Perpetual Futures.

2019 August 1, William Foxley, “Crypto Exchange Launches 'Shitcoin Futures Index,' Offering New Way to Short Alts”, in CoinDesk, archived from the original on 2019-08-04:

(derogatory, vulgar) A cryptocurrency of little or unclear value.


Courant minimax principle

Named after the mathematician Richard Courant.

(mathematics) A principle that gives a condition for finding the eigenvalues for a real symmetric matrix.

Courant minimax principle
Richard Courant


tridiagonality

(mathematics) The condition (of a matrix) of being tridiagonal


basis spline

Basis splines can be used for curve-fitting and numerical differentiation of experimental data, and for shaping curves in computer-aided design.

(mathematics) A spline function that has minimal support with respect to a given degree, smoothness, and domain partition. Any spline function of given degree can be expressed as a linear combination of basis splines of that degree.


Slutsky's theorem

Named after Russian mathematical statistician and economist Eugen E. Slutsky.

named-after

(mathematics) A theorem in probability theory that extends some properties of algebraic operations on convergent sequences of real numbers to sequences of random variables.


significant figure

en-noun

significant figure (plural significant figures)

The speed was calculated by dividing 2314 metres by 71 seconds and reported as 32.5915 m/s, but since both the distance and time were measured only to the nearest whole number, there were actually only two significant figures in this result, i.e. 32.

(mathematics) A digit that is meaningful with respect to the precision of a measurement; that is, excluding any leading zeroes, trailing rounding or placeholder zeroes, and non-zero digits not warranted by the accuracy of a derivation or measurement.

platná číslice

a digit that is meaningful with respect to the precision of a measurement


eigenpolynomial

An important expression in the linear control theory is the eigenpolynomial of A.

2013, Vladimir P. Gerdt, Wolfram Koepf, Ernst W. Mayr, Computer Algebra in Scientific Computing, page 317:

(mathematics) Given a square matrix A with eigenvector x and eigenvalue λ, and given the Identity matrix I of the same order (size) as A, an eigenpolynomial is the polynomial of λ that calculates the determinant of A - λI.


Napierian logarithm

Napierian logarithm (plural Napierian logarithms)

(mathematics) The logarithm to the base e, named after John Napier.


Fransén-Robinson constant

Named after mathematicians Arne Fransén and Herman P. Robinson.

Sebah [6] utilized the Clenshaw—Curtis method (based on Chebyshev polynomials) to compute the Fransén—Robinson constant to over 600 digits.

2003, Steven R. Finch, Mathematical Constants, Cambridge University Press, page 262:

(mathematics) The numeric value of the integral over the positive real numbers of the reciprocal of the gamma function, F=∫₀ ᪲1/(Γ(x))dx=2.8077702420285....

constante de Fransén-Robinson

integral of the reciprocal gamma function over the positive real numbers


Miquel's theorem

(geometry) A result in geometry concerning the intersection of three circles, each drawn through one vertex of a triangle and two points on its adjacent sides.


ring homomorphism

ring homomorphism (plural ring homomorphisms)

(algebra) A function from one ring to another one which preserves the structure of the additive operation, the structure of the multiplicative operation, the zero element (additive identity), and, if there is one, the unity element (multiplicative identity).


Kepler-Poinsot polyhedron

Kepler-Poinsot polyhedron (plural Kepler-Poinsot polyhedra)

Named after Johannes Kepler and Louis Poinsot; Poinsot rediscovered Kepler's figures in 1809.


ring isomorphism

ring isomorphism (plural ring isomorphisms)

(algebra) A ring homomorphism which is also a bijection.


infinitely many

(mathematics) Having a quantity or cardinality that is infinite or unbounded.


residue field

(algebra) The quotient ring of a commutative ring divided by one of its maximal ideals; by a certain theorem such a quotient ring must be a field.


nonexact

(mathematics) Not exact (typically of a differential equation)


pentaspherical

(mathematics) Relating to the pentasphere


tricubic

(mathematics) Involving three cubic forms


asymptoticity

(mathematics) The condition of being asymptotic


crossmapping

(mathematics) A relationship between two variables that demonstrates a cause-and-effect relationship between them


defuzzifier

(mathematics) A mapping that achieves defuzzification


holor

Coined by Parry Hiram Moon, and Domina Eberle Spencer, from holo- (“whole”).

(mathematics) A mathematical entity made up of one or more independent quantities, or merates, as distinguished from a tensor.


merate

Coined by Parry Hiram Moon, and Domina Eberle Spencer, from mero- (“part”).

(mathematics) Any of the independent quantities making up a holor.


systatic

a systatic group

(mathematics) Having the property that the subgroup stability of an ordinary point P is also the subgroup stability of every point in a continuous variety containing P.


multiconvex

(mathematics) Relating to multiple convex sets or variables


subkernel

(mathematics, computing) A subsidiary kernel


topological sort

topological sort (plural topological sorts)

(graph theory, computer science) An ordering of the vertices of a directed graph such that if an edge goes from vertex u to vertex v then u precedes v in the ordering.


number sentence

number sentence (plural number sentences)

(mathematics, education) An equation or inequality expressed with numbers and operators, such as 3 + 6 < 10.


unduloid

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surface of revolution
surface of revolution

(geometry) A surface of revolution of an elliptic catenary


TOA-CAH-SOH

Inversion of SOH-CAH-TOA, nearly homophonic with Hokkien 大跤嫂 (tōa-kha-só, literally “middle-aged woman with huge feet”).

der

(Singapore, mnemonic, trigonometry, humorous) Synonym of SOHCAHTOA


eigensurface

(mathematics) A surface that is the solution of an eigenequation


multidiscriminant

(mathematics) Having multiple discriminants


hard-easy effect

en-noun

hard-easy effect (plural hard-easy effects)

A cognitive bias comprising a tendency to overestimate the likelihood of one's success at a task perceived as difficult, and to underestimate that likelihood at a task perceived as easy.


heqat

(historical units of measure) An Ancient Egyptian dry measure of volume equivalent to 10 hins (or about 4.8 litres).


orthotomic circle

orthotomic circle (plural orthotomic circles)

(geometry) A circle that cuts three other given circles at right angles.


Gaussianization

Gaussianization (countable and uncountable, plural Gaussianizations)

(mathematics) Conversion to Gaussian form.


hemimatrix

(mathematics) All the values on one side of the diagonal of a matrix (including the diagonal itself)


orthopair

(mathematics) A pair of orthogonal or disjoint subsets (of a given universe)


paraunitary

(signal processing) Of or relating to a kind of matrix that occurs in the construction of filter banks used in multirate digital systems.


rotoreflection

rotoreflection (countable and uncountable, plural rotoreflections)

Coordinate term: rotoinversion

(mathematics, crystallography) rotation (about an axis) and reflection (in a plane perpendicular to that axis)


tetrahedral number

tetrahedral number (plural tetrahedral numbers)

The nᵗʰ tetrahedral number can be calculated with the formula #123;(n#43;1)³-(n#43;1)#92;over 6#125;.

(mathematics) A number which results from the summation of consecutive triangular numbers, starting from 1. If the triangular numbers in such a summation are depicted as horizontal triangular arrays of units then these arrays can be stacked vertically to yield a tetrahedral array.


Bhatia-Davis inequality

Named after Rajendra Bhatia and Chandler Davis.

probability distribution
probability distribution

(mathematics) An upper bound on the variance of any bounded probability distribution on the real line.


quadricriticoid

I retain the word quantoid to signify the sinister of a linear differential equation whereof the dexter is zero; and that a general quantoid has a quadricriticoid and a cubicriticoid I have already shown.

1864, James Cockle, Mathematical Researches, page 115:

The form of the quadricriticoid s does not vary with the order of the equation.

1881, The London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science:

(mathematics, obsolete) A quadratic criticoid.


take up the slack

en-verb

take up the slack (third-person singular simple present takes up the slack, present participle taking up the slack, simple past took up the slack, past participle taken up the slack)

takes up the slack (present singular third-person)
taking up the slack (participle present)
took up the slack (past)
taken up the slack (participle past)

A slack variable is a real variable which is introduced to take up the slack in an inequality constraint, i.e., to convert an inequality constraint to an equality constraint.

2012, Donald A. Pierre, Optimization Theory with Applications:

(mathematics) To act as a slack variable, converting an inequality into an equality.


semimetric

(mathematics) A metric that does not satisfy the triangle inequality


Popoviciu's inequality

Popoviciu's inequality
Popoviciu's inequality on variances
Tiberiu Popoviciu

Named after Romanian mathematician Tiberiu Popoviciu (1906–1975).

named-after

mathematical analysis
mathematical analysis

(mathematical analysis) A particular inequality about convex functions, similar to Jensen's inequality.

(probability theory) An upper bound on the variance of any bounded probability distribution.


Jensen's inequality

Named after Johan Jensen, the Danish mathematician who proved it in 1906.

(mathematics) An inequality that relates the value of a convex function of an integral to the integral of the convex function.


Wald test

(statistics) A test that assesses constraints on statistical parameters based on the weighted distance between the unrestricted estimate and its hypothesized value under the null hypothesis, where the weight is the precision of the estimate.


Fisher information

Named after the statistician Ronald Fisher.

(statistics) A measure of the amount of information that an observable random variable X carries about an unknown parameter θ of a distribution that models X. Formally, it is the variance of the score, or the expected value of the observed information.


biarc

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A geometric figure consisting of two circular arcs tangent at their common endpoint.


concurvity

en-noun

concurvity (countable and uncountable, plural concurvities)

(mathematics) The condition of having the same curvature


eigenorder

Equation 58 shows that the energy in the phase spectrum increases directly with eigenorder and, therefore, with range.

1975, William John Gould, Carl Wunsch, W. J. Schmitz, Preliminary Field Results for a Mid-ocean Dynamics, page 6:

This paper first presents a proof of the intuitively well understood fact — that the "eigenorder” of a “chain" join will be the best pre-defined combinatorial order in which to implement the algorithm.

1995, Documentation Abstracts - Volume 30, Issues 1-5, page 39:

(mathematics) The order (number of dimensions) of an eigenvector.


eigenversor

(mathematics) A versor form of an eigenvector


Kummer ring

Named after Ernst Kummer (1810–1893), a German mathematician.

(algebra) A ring obtained by adjoining a non-real complex pᵗʰ root of unity (where p is a prime number) to the ring of integers.


Rayleigh quotient

Rayleigh quotient (plural Rayleigh quotients)

(mathematics) A formula used in the min-max theorem to find exact eigenvalues, and in eigenvalue algorithms to obtain an eigenvalue approximation from an eigenvector approximation; it has applications in quantum mechanics.


Sturm-Liouville theory

Sturm-Liouville theory (plural Sturm-Liouville theories)

Named after Jacques Charles François Sturm (1803–1855) and Joseph Liouville (1809–1882).

differential equation
differential equation

Sturm-Liouville form
Sturm-Liouville form

(mathematics) The study of real second-order linear differential equations expressed in Sturm-Liouville form.

Jacques Charles François Sturm
Joseph Liouville
Sturm-Liouville theory


millistokes

A unit of kinematic viscosity, one thousandth of a stokes.


overfactorization

Shall we stop the process of factoring at this point, or go on to test a third hypothesis? […] The question of when to stop factoring is one of the major points of controversy in factor analysis, and the criticisms which one factorist may direct against the work of another quite commonly deal with charges of overfactorization and underfactorization.

1959, Solomon Diamond, Information and error, pages 224–225:

(statistics) The use or consideration of excessive factors in factor analysis.


factorialization

factorialization (countable and uncountable, plural factorializations)

(mathematics) The process of factorializing.


simple extension

simple extension (plural simple extensions)

(algebra, field theory) A field extension obtained by adjoining a single element to a given field.


root field

(algebra, Galois theory) splitting field


great-circle arc

great-circle arc (plural great-circle arcs)

This causes a greater deviation of the ground trace from a great-circle arc due to the increased effect of Earth's rotation.

2006, Irfan Ali, Pierino G. Bonanni, Naofal Al-Dhahir, John E. Hershey, Doppler Applications in LEO Satellite Communication Systems, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 66:

The two axes connected by the solid but incomplete great-circle arc were measured along a single sahlfold axial surface on opposite sides of a tubular fold ; ...

2012, E. Hansen, Strain Facies, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 85:

... it may be swung in a meridian-plane, and a great-circle arc having a radial pivot in said meridian-plane, ...

1898, Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office:

Any great-circle arc of length #92;theta between zero and #92;pi is uniquely identified by its two end points, say a and b.

2002, Leo Dorst, Chris Doran, Joan Lasenby, Applications of Geometric Algebra in Computer Science and Engineering, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 81:


ring of fractions

ring of fractions (plural rings of fractions)

(algebra) A ring whose elements are fractions whose numerators belong to a given commutative unital ring and whose denominators belong to a multiplicatively closed unital subset D of that given ring. Addition and multiplication of such fractions is defined just as for a field of fractions. A pair of fractions a/b and c/d are deemed equivalent if there is a member x of D such that x(ad-bc)=0.


total ring of fractions

total ring of fractions (plural total rings of fractions)

(algebra) A ring of fractions of a given ring, such that the set of allowed denominators contains all of the non-zero divisors of the given ring.


multiplicative subset

multiplicative subset (plural multiplicative subsets)

If P is a proper prime ideal of a ring and M is the set complement, w.r.t. the ring, of P, then M is a multiplicative subset.

(commutative algebra) A subset of a ring which contains the ring’s unity and which is multiplicatively closed, i.e., it is closed with respect to the ring’s multiplicative operation.


probabilistics

(mathematics) A branch of statistics that deals with probabilities


millennial pink

millennial pink (countable and uncountable, plural millennial pinks)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-millennial pink.wav

Named for its popularity in fashion and design in the late 2010s among millennials.

Millennial pink is a streetwear staple.

2017, Lisa De Pasquale, The Social Justice Warrior Handbook: A Practical Survival Guide for Snowflakes, Millennials, and Generation Z, page 23:

[…] when they talk about their jobs or their dating lives or how they're secretly kind of sick of millennial pink.

2018, Rebecca Soffer, Gabrielle Birkner, Modern Loss: Candid Conversation About Grief, unnumbered page:

Millennial pink started to crop up around 2012, and by 2015 it was ubiquitous.

2019, Kaye Blegvad, The Pink Book: An Illustrated Celebration of the Color, from Bubblegum to Battleships, page 76:

millennial pink:


millennial pink

But on Instagram she found a world of recovery houses — many of them decorated in a millennial pink, hyperfeminine aesthetic — where she would be healing alongside other women who had just gone through the same procedure and would be cared for by a team of women who would cook for her, […]

2022 May 11, Sandra E. Garcia, “Butt Lifts Are Booming. Healing Is No Joke.”, in The New York Times Magazine:


quantoid

It indicates a certain relation between two differential equations, quantoids, or quotoids, whereof one is a transformation of the other by change of the independent variable.

(mathematics, obsolete) The left hand side of a linear differential equation whose right hand side is zero.


half an hour

I'll be there in half an hour.

And when he had opened the seventh seal, there was silence in heaven about the space of half an hour.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 8:1:


separable extension

separable extension (plural separable extensions)

separable polynomial
separable polynomial

(algebra) A finite (and thereby algebraic) extension of a base field such that every element of the extension is the root of a separable polynomial over the base field.


well-pointed

(category theory) Said of a category or topos: that it has a terminal object (or that it has no zero object, if it is a topos) and in which any distinct pair of parallel morphisms can be distinguished by their distinct compositions with a global element of their domain; i.e. any pair of parallel morphisms is distinct if and only if there is a global element in their domain that does not equalize them.


bent function

So called because they are as different as possible from all linear functions (the simplest or "straight-line" functions) and from all affine functions (which preserve parallel lines).

(combinatorics) A Boolean function f: Z ₂ⁿ→ Z ₂ whose Walsh transform has constant absolute value.


Walsh function

Named after the American mathematician Joseph L. Walsh.

(mathematics) In harmonic analysis, any of a complete orthogonal set of functions that can be used to represent any discrete function.


split monomorphism

split monomorphism (plural split monomorphisms)

(category theory) A morphism which has a left inverse.


permutation box

permutation box (plural permutation boxes)

(cryptography) A method of permuting or transposing bits (binary digits) across S-box inputs while retaining diffusion.


graphette

(mathematics) A generalisation of a (possibly disconnected) graphlet


exponential generating function

exponential generating function (plural exponential generating functions)

exponential generating functions (plural)

Exponential generating functions are generally more convenient than ordinary generating functions for combinatorial enumeration problems that involve labelled objects.

(mathematics) A formal power series with one indeterminate, whose coefficients are fractions with factorial denominators (of index corresponding to the power of the indeterminate) and numerators which represent a sequence of numbers that is to be studied.


normal extension

normal extension (plural normal extensions)

(algebra) A finite, algebraic extension of some field such that if it contains any root of any irreducible polynomial over that base field then it contains all of the roots of that polynomial.


fixed field

(algebra, Galois theory) A subfield of a given field which contains all of the fixed points that are common to all of the automorphisms of some subgroup of the automorphism group of that given field.


simple root

(algebra) A root of a polynomial equation which has multiplicity one.


multiple root

(algebra) A root of a polynomial equation which has multiplicity greater than one.


duoprism

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(geometry) A polytope resulting from the Cartesian product of two polytopes.


pseudorhombic

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(geometry, crystallography) describing a structure that is almost rhombohedral


paralinear

Therefore, for the basic paralinear model, this method gives the exact solution as a function of time for ΔW, Wₘ and Wᵣ.

1976, Irving E. Sumner, Charles M. Spuckler, Purging of Multilayer Insulation by Gas Diffusion, page 5:

A paralinear analysis technique was then used to estimate specific metal loss at 10 000 hours (refs. 1, 2).

1977, Charles A. Barrett, “10 000-Hour Cyclic Oxidation Behavior at 815°C (1500°F) of 33 High-Temperature Alloys”, in M. R. Louthan, R. P. McNitt, editor, Proceedings of Conference, Environmental Degradation of Engineering Materials, page 320:

The 'paralinear' kinetics is usually observed if one of the layers is compact while the other is porous.

1998, Vasiliĭ Ivanovich Dybkov, Growth Kinetics of Chemical Compound Layers, page 69:

These simultaneous reactions are described by paralinear kinetics.

2000, Elizabeth J. Opila, “Paralinear Oxidation of SiC and SI₃N_(4 in Combustion Environments”, in Kurt R. Hebert, Robert Scott Lillard, B. R. MacDougall, editor, Oxide Films: Proceedings of the International Symposium, page 431:)

For example, the models underlying the paralinear distance (Lake 1994) and the LogDet distance (Lockhart et al. 1994) are presumably applicable to the situation when nucleotide frequencies have changed during the divergence of different lineages.

2007, Xuhua Xia, Data Analysis in Molecular Biology and Evolution, page 187:

(sciences, mathematics) Consisting of the linear combination of different rate equations, each of which may or may not be linear.


Ax-Kochen theorem

Named after James Ax and Simon B. Kochen.

(mathematics) A theorem stating that for each positive integer d there is a finite set Y_d of prime numbers, such that if p is any prime not in Y_d then every homogeneous polynomial of degree d over the p-adic numbers in at least d²+1 variables has a nontrivial zero.


Ax-Grothendieck theorem

Proved independently by James Ax and Alexander Grothendieck.

(mathematics) A result about injectivity and surjectivity of polynomials, often given as this special case: If P is an injective polynomial function from an n-dimensional complex vector space to itself then P is bijective. The full theorem generalizes to any algebraic variety over an algebraically closed field.


treeplot

(mathematics) A graphical representation of a tree (data structure)


Möbius function

Named after August Ferdinand Möbius (1790–1868), a German mathematician and theoretical astronomer who introduced it in 1832.

(combinatorics) A function from the natural numbers to the set {−1, 0, 1} which maps perfect squares to 0, prime numbers to −1, and is multiplicative.


solvable group

(algebra, Galois theory) A group G which is part of a finite chain Gᵢ (0 ≤ i ≤ n) of subgroups, where G₀ is the trivial subgroup and Gₙ = G, such that each intermediate subgroup Gᵢ is a normal subgroup of the next in the chain (i.e., Gᵢ ◁ Gᵢ₊₁) and each quotient Gᵢ₊₁/Gᵢ is a cyclic group.


crown graph

(graph theory) An undirected graph with 2n vertices in the two sets { u₁, u₂, ..., uₙ } and { v₁, v₂, ..., vₙ } and with an edge from uᵢ to vⱼ whenever i ≠ j.


dendrification

(mathematics) The construction of a tree, typically from category data


Yoneda functor

Named after the Japanese mathematician Nobuo Yoneda (1930–1996).

(category theory) A functor from a given category to the category of functors from that given category to Set (the category of sets) which maps any object of the given category to a hom functor represented by that object and any morphism to a natural isomorphism induced uniquely by that morphism according to the Yoneda lemma.


elementary topos

elementary topos (plural elementary topoi or elementary toposes)

elementary topoi (plural)
elementary toposes (plural)

Cartesian closed category
Cartesian closed category

subobject classifier
subobject classifier

(category theory) A Cartesian closed category which has a subobject classifier.


k-algebra

A k-algebra A with ring homomorphism ϕ:k→A is a k-vector space with scalar multiplication (i.e., action of k upon A): λ·a=ϕ(λ)a where λ∈k,a∈A.

algebra over a field
algebra over a field

(algebra) An algebra over a field; a ring with identity together with an injective ring homomorphism from a field, k, to the ring such that the image of the field is a subset of the center of the ring and such that the image of the field’s unity is the ring’s unity.


separation constant

separation constant (plural separation constants)

The partial differential equation a sin ²(θ)Φ(ϕ)+Φ(ϕ) cos (θ)(∂Θ(θ))/(∂θ)+(∂²Φ)/(∂ϕ²)=0 can be rewritten a sin ²(θ)+ cos (θ)(∂Θ(θ))/(∂θ)=-1/(Φ(ϕ))(∂²Φ)/(∂ϕ²)≡K, where K is a separation constant that depends on neither θ nor ϕ. This then yields two ordinary differential equations.

separation of variables
separation of variables

(calculus) a constant that may be introduced upon separation of variables

Seperationskonstante

constant introduced after separation of variables


Chapman-Robbins bound

Chapman-Robbins bound (plural Chapman-Robbins bounds)

Named after Douglas Chapman and Herbert Robbins, who discovered it in 1951, independently of the original (1950) discovery by John Hammersley.

(statistics) A lower bound on the variance of estimators of a deterministic parameter; a generalization of the Cramér-Rao bound, it is both tighter and more widely applicable, but usually harder to compute.


Hammersley-Chapman-Robbins bound

Hammersley-Chapman-Robbins bound (plural Hammersley-Chapman-Robbins bounds)

Chapman-Robbins bound
Chapman-Robbins bound#English

(statistics) Synonym of Chapman-Robbins bound


Cramér-Rao bound

Cramér-Rao bound (plural Cramér-Rao bounds)

Named after Harald Cramér and Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao, who (among others) independently derived it in the 1940s.

(estimation theory, statistics) A lower bound on the variance of unbiased estimators of a deterministic (fixed, though unknown) parameter.


Stirling's approximation

Named after James Stirling, though first stated by Abraham de Moivre.

(mathematics) An accurate approximation for factorials.


Stirling's formula

Stirling's approximation
Stirling's approximation#English

(mathematics) Synonym of Stirling's approximation


superdifferentiability

(mathematics) The quality of being superdifferentiable.


Helly dimension

Helly dimension (plural Helly dimensions)

Helly's theorem implies that the Helly dimension of a Euclidean space equals its dimension as a real vector space.

(combinatorics) A value associated with a metric space, being one less than the Helly number of the family of metric balls in that space.


Radon's theorem

(geometry) A theorem on convex sets, stating that any set of d + 2 points in Rᵈ can be partitioned into two sets whose convex hulls intersect.


Radon point

(geometry) A point in the intersection of convex hulls specified by Radon's theorem.


Helly's theorem

Named after Eduard Helly, who made the discovery in 1913.

(geometry) A basic result in discrete geometry on the intersection of convex sets, which gave rise to the notion of a Helly family.


Helly's selection theorem

(mathematics) A theorem stating that a sequence of functions that is locally of bounded total variation and uniformly bounded at a point has a convergent subsequence.


morphogeometry

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-morphogeometry.wav

The geometry of form (in any of various contexts)


direct system

(algebra) A set of algebraic structures (which are part of a concrete category; e.g., modules) and a set of morphisms between them (e.g., module homomorphisms) which all together form a small category which is the image of a covariant functor whose domain is a directed poset.


direct limit

A direct limit has “canonical functions” which map each element of the disjoint union to its equivalence class.

Direct limits in the algebraic sense are models of category-theoretic colimits.

(algebra) A set of equivalence classes which partition the disjoint union of the members of a direct system; each equivalence class being a sort of “drainage basin” of the mappings (of the morphisms) of the direct system, if these are analogically considered as “rivers”. (If i<k,j<k in the indexing poset, then there exist f_ik:A_i→A_k and f_jk:A_j→A_k. If a_i∈A_i,a_j∈A_j such that f_ik(a_i)=f_jk(a_j) then a_i∼a_j. If k = j then f_jj(a_j)=a_j,f_ij(a_i)=a_j.)


projective module

projective module (plural projective modules)

(algebra) A module which is a direct summand of a free module.


Noetherian module

Noetherian module (plural Noetherian modules)

(algebra) A module whose every submodule is finitely generated; or equivalently, a module whose submodules satisfy an ascending chain condition (i.e., any ascending chain of submodules levels off after a finite number of steps).


non-hypotenuse number

non-hypotenuse number (plural non-hypotenuse numbers)

(mathematics) A natural number whose square cannot be written as the sum of two nonzero squares.


allowment

allowment (countable and uncountable, plural allowments)

Its algebraic part is discussed as a body of arguments which contains an allocation of support and an allowment of possibility for each hypothesis.

1995, Bernadette Bouchon-Meunier, Ronald R. Yager, Advances in Intelligent Computing - IPMU '94:

(mathematics) A mapping of a hypothesis to the set of arguments that support or reject that hypothesis weighted by the probability of the hypothesis given each argument.


superdifferentiable

Coordinate term: subdifferentiable


dragon curve

Any of a family of self-similar fractal curves that can be approximated by recursive methods.


twindragon

A form of dragon curve, constructed by placing two Heighway dragon curves back to back.


regular element

regular element (plural regular elements)

(algebra) An element of a ring that is not a zero divisor.


sieve theory

(number theory) A set of general techniques for computing or estimating the size of sifted sets of integers.


almost prime

(number theory) A natural number for which there exists an absolute constant K such that the number has at most K prime factors.

Fastprimzahl

natural number with an absolute constant K


Bombieri-Friedlander-Iwaniec theorem

Proved in 1997 by John Friedlander and Henryk Iwaniec.

(number theory) A theorem stating that there are infinitely many prime numbers of the form a² + b⁴.


Chen's theorem

First stated by Chinese mathematician Chen Jingrun in 1966.

(number theory) A theorem stating that every sufficiently large even number can be written as the sum of either two primes, or a prime and a semiprime.


Selberg sieve

(number theory) A technique for estimating the size of sifted sets of positive integers that satisfy a set of conditions expressed by congruences.


vanishing ideal

vanishing ideal (plural vanishing ideals)

(algebraic geometry) An ideal consisting of all polynomials (belonging to a certain polynomial ring) which zero out within a given algebraic variety.


constructivize

en-verb

constructivize (third-person singular simple present constructivizes, present participle constructivizing, simple past and past participle constructivized)

constructivizes (present singular third-person)
constructivizing (participle present)
constructivized (participle past)
constructivized (past)

These systems can be compared in at least two different ways, depending on whether one's chief concern is to constructivize classical mathematics or, rather, to develop, on its own terms, a completely constructive mathematics.

1970, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, page 304:

In classical mathematics the continuum is conceived of as the totality of its points. One might therefore, like Markov and his school, try to constructivize the theory of the continuum by looking upon it as the totality of its constructive points.

1970, Per Martín-Löf, Notes on constructive mathematics, page 57:

In order to constructivize a mathematical notion we consider its classical definition written in terms of the arithmetic of natural numbers. Then we relativize the existential quantifiers according to the following well known scheme.

2000, Lev D. Beklemishev, Provability, Computability and Reflection, page 43:

(mathematics) To convert into a framework that is consistent with constructivism.


equivalence of categories

en-noun

equivalence of categories (plural equivalences of categories)

There is an equivalence of categories between the category of simply typed lambda calculi and the category of cartesian closed categories; this was shown by Lambek and Scott.

The defining feature of algebraic geometry is the remarkable fact that not only does the geometry determine the algebra, but conversely, the algebra determines the geometry. That is, given any finitely generated #92;mathbb#123;C#125;-algebra R without nilpotent elements, there exists an affine algebraic variety V, uniquely defined up to isomorphism, such that R is isomorphic to the coordinate ring of V. Moreover, any homomorphism between such #92;mathbb#123;C#125;-algebras uniquely defines a morphism of the corresponding varieties. In fancy language, there is an equivalence of categories between the category of affine algebraic varieties and finitely generated, reduced #92;mathbb#123;C#125;-algebras.

©2000, Karen E. Smith with Lauri Kahanpää, Pekka Kekäläinen, and William Traves, edited by S. Axler, F.W. Gehring, and K.A. Ribet, An Invitation to Algebraic Geometry (Universitext), New York: Springer, →ISBN, →OCLC, §2.5, page 24:

(category theory) An adjunction whose unit and counit are both natural isomorphisms.


Faulhaber's formula

(mathematics) A formula expressing the sum of the pth powers of the first n positive integers as a (p + 1)th-degree polynomial function of n, the coefficients involving Bernoulli numbers.


Sheffer sequence

Sheffer sequence (plural Sheffer sequences)

(mathematics) A polynomial sequence in which the index of each polynomial equals its degree, satisfying conditions related to the umbral calculus in combinatorics.


rook polynomial

rook polynomial (plural rook polynomials)

(combinatorics) A generating polynomial of the number of ways to place non-attacking rooks on a generalized form of chessboard.


Hermite polynomial

Hermite polynomial (plural Hermite polynomials)

Named after Charles Hermite, who wrote about them in 1864, though they had been studied earlier by others.

(mathematics) Any member of a classical orthogonal polynomial sequence having diverse applications.


Touchard polynomial

Touchard polynomial (plural Touchard polynomials)

(mathematics) Any member of a polynomial sequence of binomial type defined by T_n(x)=∑ₖ₌₀ⁿS(n,k)xᵏ=∑ₖ₌₀ⁿ


all-one polynomial

all-one polynomial (plural all-one polynomials)

(mathematics) A polynomial all of whose coefficients are 1.


Lagrange polynomial

Lagrange polynomial (plural Lagrange polynomials)

Named after Joseph Louis Lagrange, who published on the topic in 1795, though the method was first discovered in 1779 by Edward Waring.

(mathematics) For a given set of points (x_j,y_j) with no two x_j values equal, the polynomial of lowest degree that assumes at each value x_j the corresponding value y_j, so that the functions coincide at each point.

Edward Waring
Joseph Louis Lagrange
Lagrange polynomial


Fibonacci polynomial

Fibonacci polynomial (plural Fibonacci polynomials)

(mathematics) Any member of a polynomial sequence which can be considered as a generalization of the Fibonacci numbers.


Lucas polynomial

Lucas polynomial (plural Lucas polynomials)

(mathematics) Any member of a polynomial sequence which can be considered as a generalization of the Lucas numbers.


Dickson polynomial

Dickson polynomial (plural Dickson polynomials)

Introduced by Leonard Eugene Dickson (1897).

(mathematics) Any member of a certain polynomial sequence Dₙ(x,α).


Bernoulli polynomial

Bernoulli polynomial (plural Bernoulli polynomials)

(mathematics) Any member of a certain group of polynomials remarkable in that the number of crossings of the x-axis in the unit interval does not go up as the degree of the polynomials goes up.


Bell polynomial

Bell polynomial (plural Bell polynomials)

(combinatorics) Any member of a certain class of polynomials used in the study of set partitions, and related to Stirling numbers and Bell numbers.


Bell number

Named after Eric Temple Bell, who wrote about them in the 1930s.

(combinatorics) Any member of a sequence of numbers that count the possible partitions of a set, such that the nth number Bₙ is the number of different ways to partition a set that has exactly n elements.


Faà di Bruno's formula

Named after Francesco Faà di Bruno, though he was not the first to state or prove the formula.

(mathematics) An identity that generalizes the chain rule to higher derivatives.

Faà di Bruno's formula
Francesco Faà di Bruno


Abel polynomial

Abel polynomial (plural Abel polynomials)

Named after the Norwegian mathematician Niels Henrik Abel.

(mathematics) Any member of a certain polynomial sequence whose nth term is of the form p_n(x)=x(x-an)ⁿ⁻¹.


Jacobi polynomial

Jacobi polynomial (plural Jacobi polynomials)

(mathematics) Any member of a certain class of orthogonal polynomials.

Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi
Jacobi polynomial


Legendre polynomial

Legendre polynomial (plural Legendre polynomials)

Named after Adrien-Marie Legendre, who discovered them in 1782.

(mathematics) Any of a certain system of complete and orthogonal polynomials, with numerous mathematical properties and applications.


Appell sequence

Appell sequence (plural Appell sequences)

(mathematics) Any polynomial sequence p_n(x)_(n=0,1,2,…) satisfying the identity d/(dx)p_n(x)=np_n-1(x), and in which p_0(x) is a non-zero constant.


Boas-Buck polynomial

Boas-Buck polynomial (plural Boas-Buck polynomials)

The case r=1 was studied in 1958 by Ralph P. Boas, Jr. and Robert Creighton Buck.

(mathematics) Any member of the sequence of polynomials Φₙ⁽ʳ⁾(x) given by generating functions of the form displaystyle C(ztʳB(t))=∑_(n>0)Φₙ⁽ʳ⁾(z)tⁿ.


Sturm's theorem

Named after Jacques Charles François Sturm, who discovered the theorem in 1829.

(mathematics) A theorem expressing the number of distinct real roots of p located in an interval in terms of the number of changes of signs of the values of the Sturm sequence at the bounds of the interval. Applied to the interval of all the real numbers, it gives the total number of real roots of p.


Sturm sequence

Named after Jacques Charles François Sturm.

(mathematics) For some univariate polynomial p, a sequence of polynomials associated with p and its derivative by a variant of Euclid's algorithm for polynomials.


Laguerre's equation

(mathematics) The second-order linear differential equation xy+(1-x)y'+ny=0.


Laguerre polynomial

Laguerre polynomial (plural Laguerre polynomials)

(mathematics) A polynomial that is a solution to Laguerre's equation.


small category

small category (plural small categories)

(category theory) A category such that all of its objects form a set and all of its morphisms form a set.


free category

(category theory) A category that is induced by a multidigraph thus: it has as its objects the vertices of the multidigraph and its morphisms are paths in the multidigraph; composition of morphisms is concatenation of paths, as long as the end of one path coincides with the beginning of the other path; an identity morphism of an object is an “empty path” at that vertex.


denumber

en-verb

denumber (third-person singular simple present denumbers, present participle denumbering, simple past and past participle denumbered)

denumbers (present singular third-person)
denumbering (participle present)
denumbered (participle past)
denumbered (past)

In the applications which we will now discuss, we propose each time to consider the counting or the denumbering of the signals of a sequence.

In a recent paper Sreenivasan [2] has denumbered at least four successive sequences of emergence of ordered and chaotic behaviour for the Reynolds number range of 100 to 200.

1987, F. Durst, Turbulent shear flows 5, page 82:

Otherwise, on what basis could one effectuate this necessary segmentation of a causal net, which is made up of interconnected causal links which cannot even be denumbered?

2010, Maurice Lagueux, Rationality and Explanation in Economics:


denumerate

denumerate (third-person singular simple present denumerates, present participle denumerating, simple past and past participle denumerated)

denumerates (present singular third-person)
denumerating (participle present)
denumerated (participle past)
denumerated (past)

To such as know that it is impossible to denumerate the points of a continuum, that is, to set up a one-to-one correspondence between, say, the points of a unit-line and the integers, Zermelo's result is apt to be surprising, ...

1901, Cassius Jackson Keyser, Pamphlets on Mathematics, page 209:

According to this concept, a straight line, or any continuous dimension generally, contains points, such that between any two different points there exist as many points as we wish to denumerate.

1948, American Scientist - Volumes 36-37, page 398:

For any fixed positive integer n, use Exercise 2 to denumerate the polynomials Xⁿ + rₙ₋₁Xⁿ⁻¹+. . . +r₀.

1992, James D. Fix, Leopold Flatto, Advanced calculus, page 18:

(mathematics) To assign a bijection from a denumerable set to the natural numbers.


Hedetniemi's conjecture

Formulated by Stephen T. Hedetniemi in 1966.

(graph theory) A conjecture concerning the connection between graph coloring and the tensor product of graphs. A counterexample was found in 2019.


Stirling number

en-noun

Stirling number (plural Stirling numbers)

Stirling number of the first kind
Stirling number of the first kind

(mathematics) Stirling number of the first kind

Stirling number of the second kind
Stirling number of the second kind

(mathematics) Stirling number of the second kind


Stirling number of the second kind

Stirling number of the second kind (plural Stirling numbers of the second kind)

Stirling numbers of the second kind (plural)

(mathematics) The number of ways to partition a set of n objects into k non-empty subsets, denoted by S(n,k).


Lah number

(mathematics) Any of a class of coefficients expressing rising factorials in terms of falling factorials.


bicursal

(mathematics) Used to describe a curve composed of two moving points; e.g. a hyperbola.


Stirling partition number

Stirling partition number (plural Stirling partition numbers)

Stirling number of the second kind#English

(mathematics) Synonym of Stirling number of the second kind


underlying functor

underlying functor (plural underlying functors)

3.1.10 Example If you forget [that] you can compose arrows in a category and you forget which arrows are the identities, then you have remembered only that the category is a graph. This gives an underlying functor U#58;#92;mathbf#123;Cat#125;#92;rightarrow#92;mathbf#123;Grf#125;, since every functor is a graph homomorphism although not vice versa.

1995, Michael Barr with Charles Wells, Category Theory for Computing Science, 2nd edition, University Press, Cambridge, Great Britain: Prentice Hall, §3.1.10, page 57:


Lissajous orbit

Lissajous orbit (plural Lissajous orbits)

A quasiperiodic orbital trajectory that an object can follow around a Lagrangian point of a three-body system without requiring any propulsion.


Lyapunov orbit

In the restricted three-body problem, a curved path around a Lagrangian point that lies entirely in the plane of the two primary bodies.


kilogon

Find the constant of proportionality for a decagon, kilogon, and megagon.

1999, Mark Dugopolski, College Algebra and Trigonometry, page 505:

(mathematics, rare) A polygon having 1000 sides.


orbital mechanics

Astrodynamics; the study of the movement of vehicles in space.


anti-diagonal

(linear algebra) Alternative spelling of antidiagonal.


Mughal yard

Synonym of guz (“Asian unit of measure”)


discrete category

discrete category (plural discrete categories)

(category theory) A category whose morphisms are all identity morphisms.


frieze group

(mathematics) Any of seven symmetry groups of infinitely long ornamented bands.


blancmange curve

blancmange curve (plural blancmange curves)

(mathematics) A self-affine curve constructible by midpoint subdivision.


Takagi curve

Named after Teiji Takagi, who described it in 1901.

blancmange curve
blancmange curve#English

(mathematics) Synonym of blancmange curve


natural numbers object

natural numbers object (plural natural numbers objects)

(category theory) An object which has a distinguished global element (which may be called z, for “zero”) and a distinguished endomorphism (which may be called s, for “successor”) such that iterated compositions of s upon z (i.e., sⁿ∘z) yields other global elements of the same object which correspond to the natural numbers (sⁿ∘z↔n). Such object has the universal property that for any other object with a distinguished global element (call it z’) and a distinguished endomorphism (call it s’), there is a unique morphism (call it φ) from the given object to the other object which maps z to z’ (ϕ∘z=z') and which commutes with s; i.e., ϕ∘s=s'∘ϕ.


intersector

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-intersector.wav


mathematical space

mathematical space (plural mathematical spaces)

(topology) A set (a "universe") that consists of selected mathematical objects that are treated as points, and selected relationships between them.

mathematischer Raum

a set that consists of selected mathematical object


Shannon's maxim

Kerckhoffs's principle
Kerckhoffs's principle

(cryptography) "The enemy knows the system" — a restatement of Kerckhoffs's principle.


Kessler syndrome

Proposed by NASA scientist Donald J. Kessler in 1978.

A theoretical scenario in which the density of objects in low Earth orbit due to space pollution is high enough that collisions between objects could cause a cascade in which each collision generates debris that increases the likelihood of further collisions.


hazard ratio

(statistics, medicine) A measure of the chance of an event in one group compared to that of another at a particular time or over a subset of a study's time; the ratio between two groups' hazard rates.

Ausfallrate

instantaneous risk of an intervention over a study time period


baby boomlet

The baby boomlet was a period marked by increases in the number of women of childbearing age and increases in fertility rates of those women.

2002, Laura E. Hill, Hans P. Johnson, Understanding the Future of Californians' Fertility, page 87:

Cashing in on the baby boomers' baby boomlet of the '80s and '90s, the children's apparel market saw a significant increase and was among the fastest-growing segments of the overall retail market.

2011, Entrepreneur Press, Start Your Own Clothing Store and More:

We can estimate three separate US generations based on census data as follows: baby boomers (born between 1946 and 1964), Generations X'ers (born between 1965 and 1976), and the baby boomlet (born between 1977 and 1994) (Edmondson, 1995).

2013, M. Babula, Motivation, Altruism, Personality and Social Psychology:

(singular only) An increase in birth rate that occurred when the baby boomers reached childbearing age.

Over a long-term period, population growth would be affected by changing birth rates due to shifts in social values and movement of age cohorts such as baby-boomers and baby-boomlets through the child-bearing years.

2000, Washington State Labor Area Summaries - Volume 15, page 12:

Baby boomlets (consumers born between 1977 and 1997 and also known as "Gen Y") have emerged as the next cohort since the baby boomers to receive the close attention of retailers (Bounds, 2000).

2002, Journal of Retailing - Volume 78, page 78:

My fellow baby boomlets also engaged in strong civic engagement.

Baby boomers, baby busters, and baby boomlets view God in action differently than the generations of slavery, convict leasing, the civil rights movement, and the War on Drugs.

2014, Rev. Roger W. Baker, Who Authorized You to Quit?::

A child of a baby boomer, born during the baby boomlet.

Following the Second World War there were "baby boomlets" in Europe, but these lasted for only a year or two, unlike the prolonged birth rise in New Zealand, Australia, Canada, and the United States.

1992, Gary R. Collins, Baby Boomer Blues, page 6:

"There've been two baby boomlets, one now going into middle school or junior high, and a new one that has just come, ages one, two, or three," says Donovan.

2000, Catherine Frey Murphy, Vicki Hambleton, Joan Broerman, Children's Writer Guide To 2000, page 20:

Popular wisdom has it that baby boomlets spring from tragedy — earthquakes, hurricanes, and the like.

2002, Adam Lashinsky, Fortune - Volume 145, page 174:

Any spike in birth rate that is smaller than the baby boom.


baby buster

From baby bust + -er, following baby boomer.

Since today’s young adults were born during a period when the U.S. birthrate decreased to half the level of its postwar peak, in the wake of the great baby boom, they are sometimes called the baby busters. By whatever name, so far they are an unsung generation, hardly recognized as a social force or even noticed much at all.

1990 July 16, David M. Gross, Sophfronia Scott, “Proceeding With Caution”, in Time:

As was made clear in Section III. A, a baby buster spends more time with his parents, since the burden of taking care of one's parents is shared by fewer siblings.

2001, Erik Lueth, Can inheritances Alleviate the Fiscal Burden of An Aging Population:

The solution of some is to design what are in effect baby buster churches, or at least baby buster church services.

2009, D. A. Carson, The Gagging of God: Christianity Confronts Pluralism, page 45:

In the medium term, 2015-2030, the average baby boomer is of age 60-75 – his parents are no longer living in this period — and the average baby buster is of age 30–45.

The force of media means that popular culture creates the sensibility, rather than offering a 'statement' of the 'authentic baby buster mentalitae ' (2005:19).

Someone born between the baby boom and the baby boomlet; a Gen-Xer.


Gen Xer

Gen Xers have been described by author Douglas Coupland as the first generation raised without religion.

Jason, a thirty-two-year-old computer programmer, and a typical Gen Xer, summed it up beautifully when he talked with me.

2007, Larry D. Rosen, Me, MySpace, and I: Parenting the Net Generation, page 28:

Gen Xers were said to be lazy—“slackers” in the parlance of the time—who didn’t exhibit the straightforward work ethic of their predecessors.

2010, Clay Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, page 121:

Gen Xer's are children of two working parents. And they are children of divorce: more than half of Gen Xer's parents divorced while they were growing up and living at home.

2011, Kelly McDonald, How to Market to People Not Like You:


SARMO

artificial intelligence
artificial intelligence

(military, robotics, artificial intelligence) Abbreviation of sense and react to military objects.; A technology methodology for automated weapons response


nocoiner

She's as plugged into the cryptospace as anyone you will find, and it's unbiased since she's a “nocoiner,” meaning she doesn't invest.

2019, Ryan Derousseau, The Everything Guide to Investing in Cryptocurrency, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN, page 269:

A person that does not hold or invest in any cryptocurrencies.


deconfound

en-verb

deconfound (third-person singular simple present deconfounds, present participle deconfounding, simple past and past participle deconfounded)

deconfounds (present singular third-person)
deconfounding (participle present)
deconfounded (participle past)
deconfounded (past)

(mathematics, transitive) To remove confounders from.


superbracket

[…] while the notion of commutativity is computed using the superbrackets of derivations.

1990, Annales Polonici Mathematici, volumes 55-56, page 148:

We show that variational Schouten and Nijenhuis brackets on evolution equations can be understood as Jacobi superbrackets on natural extensions of these equations: […]

2008, Russian Mathematical Surveys, page 360:


double bubble

en-noun

double bubble (countable and uncountable, plural double bubbles)

double bubble conjecture
double bubble conjecture

(mathematics) A certain meeting of spherical surfaces, relevant to the double bubble conjecture.


inverse proportion

inversely proportional
inversely proportional

(mathematics) The property of being inversely proportional.


reciprocal proportion

inverse proportion
inverse proportion#English

(mathematics) Synonym of inverse proportion


kitchen sink regression

kitchen sink regression (plural kitchen sink regressions)

(statistics, derogatory) A statistical regression which uses many possible independent variables to attempt to explain variance in a dependent variable.


OK, boomer

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-OK, boomer.wav

People who went to college decades ago might talk about how they were able to pay to go to college by working part-time or working a summer job, even though college was substantially more affordable then.
To that, we would say, “OK boomer, we're just asking for the same opportunities you got, and that students around the world get.”

2019 November 21, “Editorial: With high college costs, state should give more funding”, in The State News, Michigan State University, page 2:

On one level, I understood Parker. She came up in an era when putting up with male misbehavior was just part of the job of being a journalist. Sometimes you could make lemonade out of lemons; maybe she genuinely enjoyed “flirting” with Matthews. But to insinuate that what other women experienced with the host was equally enjoyable, well, OK Boomer. (And I say that as a boomer.)

2020 March 3, Joan Walsh, “Chris Matthews Is Gone. His Bosses Are Not”, in The Nation:

(Internet slang, derogatory) Used to sardonically counter or dismiss an older person (typically a baby boomer) as lacking an understanding of the circumstances, priorities, or culture of a younger generation, especially by a millennial or zoomer.


cocluster

(statistics) A simultaneous cluster of rows and columns.


point elasticity

point elasticity (plural point elasticities)

(mathematics) The ratio of the relative change in a function's output with respect to the relative change in its input, for infinitesimal changes at a certain point.


arc elasticity

arc elasticity (plural arc elasticities)

(mathematics) the point elasticity of one variable with respect to another between two given points


fair division

(mathematics, economics, game theory) the problem of dividing a set of resources among several people who have an entitlement to them, such that each person receives their due share


fair cake-cutting

(game theory) A kind of fair division problem in which there is a divisible heterogeneous resource that must be divided among several partners in a subjectively fair way.


liquidity provider

liquidity provider (plural liquidity providers)

(cryptocurrencies) A decentralized exchange user who funds a liquidity pool with tokens that they own to facilitate trading on the platform and earn passive income on their deposit.


divide and choose

(game theory) a procedure for envy-free fair cake-cutting in which one person divides a heterogeneous resource in two and the other person chooses one of those two


cut and choose

divide and choose
divide and choose#English

(game theory) Synonym of divide and choose


Baire function

(mathematics) A function obtained from a continuous function by transfinite iteration of the operation of forming pointwise limits of sequences of functions.


stationary phase approximation

stationary phase approximation (plural stationary phase approximations)

stationary phase approximations (plural)

(mathematics) A principle of asymptotic analysis that relies on the cancellation of sinusoids with rapidly varying phase.


attobarn

(physics) A unit of surface area equal to 10⁻¹⁸ barns.


case fatality rate

case fatality rate (plural case fatality rates)

That 3.4 percent mortality rate, though still fluid, is formidable, even compared next to the case fatality rates (the number of deaths compared to the total number of those diagnosed) for other recent outbreaks.

2020 March 12, Matt Stieb, “Does the Coronavirus Think I’m Old?”, in New York:

(pathology, epidemiology, statistics) A percentage derived by the division of the number of fatalities by the number of confirmed (diagnosed) cases (sufferers) of a disease.

smrtnost

ratio of number of fatalities to number of disease cases


selection bias

selection bias (countable and uncountable, plural selection biases)

The bias introduced by the selection of individuals, groups, or data for analysis in such a way that proper randomization is not achieved, thereby ensuring that the sample obtained is not representative of the population intended to be analyzed.


gigahectare

A unit of area equal to a billion (10⁹) hectares


Sleeping Beauty problem

Sleeping Beauty problem (plural Sleeping Beauty problems)

(decision theory) A kind of puzzle in which whenever an ideally rational epistemic agent is awoken from sleep, it has no memory of whether it has been awoken before. Upon being told that it has been woken once or twice according to the toss of a coin, once if heads and twice if tails, it is asked its degree of belief for the coin having come up heads.


cryptominer

A computer program that performs cryptomining, especially one installed as malware.


boomer remover

From being an agent that removes baby boomers from the living population, i.e. kills them, as older people are more susceptible to the virus. (See quotations below.)

We’re being instructed to return COVID possible patients back to their “3 per room” SNF prior to receiving test results. […] Fuck, they're taking #boomerremover seriously

2020 March 16, SliverMcSilverson, “Anyone else seeing this”, in Reddit:

On February 29 this year, Twitter user @nurselietv posted the tweet “I heard someone call the coronavirus the ‘boomer remover’.”

2020 March 17, Anne Acuña, “Internet riled up over cruel new Gen-Z, Millennial clapback calling COVID-19 as ‘Boomer Remover’”, in InqPop!:

Ageism has been blamed for islands of death in nursing homes (Mueller, 2020), and for a spike in intergenerational animosity, as captured in internet epithets such as “grandma/grandpa killer,” “boomer remover,” and “boomer doomer” (pre-Covid-19; “coffin dodger”).

2021, Bronwen Lichtenstein, “From “Coffin Dodger” to “Boomer Remover”: Outbreaks of Ageism in Three Countries With Divergent Approaches to Coronavirus Control”, in The Journals of Gerontology, series b, →DOI:

This was supposed to be the #BoomerRemover .... they truly are the worst generation.

2021 March 30, Surgical Sister, Twitter, archived from the original on 2021-03-30:

(slang, humorous, derogatory) COVID-19 (“the disease”) or SARS-CoV-2 (“the virus”).


Delaunay triangulation

Delaunay triangulation (countable and uncountable, plural Delaunay triangulations)

Named after Boris Delaunay for his work on this topic from 1934.

(geometry, computer graphics) For a given set P of discrete points in a plane: a triangulation DT(P) such that no point in P is inside the circumcircle of any triangle in DT(P).


hemicontinuity

(mathematics) The condition of being hemicontinuous


hemicontinuous

(mathematics) Having the property that if a sequence of points in the domain of a function converges to a point L, then either the sequence of sets that are the images of those points contains a sequence that converges to a point that is in the image of L, or, alternatively, for every element in the image of L, you can find a sub-sequence in the domain whose image contains a convergent sequence to that element.


heteroaddition

(statistics) The effect of the addition of two or more different agents


rotational symmetry

rotational symmetry (plural rotational symmetries)

(geometry) The property a shape has when it looks the same after some rotation by a partial turn.


isoaddition

(statistics) The effect of the addition of two or more similar agents


ISCO

w:en:International Standard Classification of Occupations

Abbreviation of International Standard Classification of Occupations.


KF

(statistics) Initialism of Kalman filter.


Svedberg unit

Named after the Swedish chemist Theodor Svedberg (1884–1971).


multinormality

(statistics) The condition of being multinormal


weak artificial intelligence

weak artificial intelligence (countable and uncountable, plural weak artificial intelligences)

(artificial intelligence) An artificial intelligence only capable of solving one specific problem or set of problems.


strong artificial intelligence

strong artificial intelligence (plural strong artificial intelligences)

strong artificial intelligences (plural)

artificial general intelligence
artificial general intelligence#English

(computing) Synonym of artificial general intelligence


full artificial intelligence

full artificial intelligence (uncountable)


general intelligent action

general intelligent action (countable and uncountable, plural general intelligent actions)


narrow AI

In the years since, my team has used them to help develop features on Pixel phones for specific “narrow AI” functions, such as face unlocking, image recognition, speech recognition and language translation.

2022 June 9, Blaise Agüera y Arcas, “Artificial neural networks are making strides towards consciousness, according to Blaise Agüera y Arcas”, in The Economist, →ISSN:

narrow artificial intelligence
narrow artificial intelligence#English

(artificial intelligence) Abbreviation of narrow artificial intelligence.


narrow artificial intelligence

narrow artificial intelligence (countable and uncountable, plural narrow artificial intelligences)

narrow artificial intelligences (plural)

weak artificial intelligence
weak artificial intelligence#English

(artificial intelligence) Synonym of weak artificial intelligence


central moment

(statistics) A moment of a probability distribution of a random variable about the random variable's mean.

العَزْم المَرْكَزِيّ

statistics: moment of a probability distribution


frequency distribution

frequency distribution (plural frequency distributions)

(statistics) A list, table, or graph that displays the frequency of various outcomes in a sample.


eigenpicture

(mathematics) A diagrammatic representation of a matrix of eigenvectors


Fermat number

Named after French lawyer and amateur mathematician Pierre de Fermat (1601–1665).

named-after

(number theory) An integer which is one more than two raised to a power which is itself a power of two (i.e., is expressible in the form 2^(2ⁿ)+1 for some n>0); equivalently, a number that is one more than two raised to some power (is expressible as 2ⁿ+1) and is prime.


subtendent

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-subtendent.wav

Lastly, if you put BC the lesser of the sides, including the right angle for Radius, the greater side, AC, including the right angle is the tangent of ABC, the greater acute angle opposite; and the subtendent A B, is the secant of the same acute angle.

1642, Bartholomäus Pitiscus, Trigonometry: Or, The Doctrine of Triangles., page 91:

The very Subtendent line is found of an odde part; but the very subtendent of an even part is not found at one operation, but onely the Square of the Subtendent; and the greater the number of parts be, so much harder it willbe to finde out the subtendent.

1657, Johannes Jonstonus, An History of the Constancy of Nature:

The first figure, Vale, hath but one mood, and therefore of as great extent as it selfe, which is Upalem; whose nature is to let us know, whan a plane right angled triangle is given us to resolve, whose subtendent and one of the obliques is proposed, and one of the ambients required, that we must have recourse unto its resolver, which being Rad_U_Sapy→Yr sheweth, that if we joyne the artificiall sine of the angle opposite to the die demanded with the Logarithm of the subtendent, the summe searched in the canon of absolute numbers will afford us the Logarithm of the side required.

1834, Thomas Urquhart, Lord Thomas Maitland Dundrennan, The Works of Sir Thomas Urquhart of Cromarty, Knight, page 81:

For example, even if there were no possible quantity, mathematicians could say that if it was possible to make a right angled triangle, it was something assured that the hypotenuse or the subtendent of the right angle would make a square equal to the squares of the other two sides

1994, Alistair Cameron Crombie, Styles of Scientific Thinking in the European Tradition, page 840:

(geometry, trigonometry) The side that subtends (is opposite) a specified angle;


subtendent

en-adj

subtendent (comparative more subtendent, superlative most subtendent)

more subtendent (comparative)
most subtendent (superlative)

Captain Herschel expresses doubts of this, but it is evident that as the cusps closed both must have been within the space subtendent by half the length of the slit.

1875, Lieutenant-Colonel J.F. Tennant, “Report on Observations of the Total Elipse of the Sun”, in Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society, volume 42, page 9:

Make subtendent lines to them, and cut away the arches; then erect plain Looking-glasses, that may be of the same latitude, and of the same parallel lines, and the same longitude; glew them fast together, and fit them lo, that they may not be pulled asunder, as they are joyned long-ways, and erected upon a plain superficies.

1957, Giambattista della Porta, Natural Magick, page 359:

An outermost, “ballooning” membrane was seen to form dilated vesicles above the subtendent “armour” layer.

1988, British Phycological Journal, page 53:

(geometry) That subtends; that lies opposite to a specified angle or point.


octacontagon

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-octacontagon.wav

(geometry) A polygon with 80 sides and 80 angles.


enneacontagon

(geometry) A polygon with 90 sides and 90 angles.


tridecahedron

en-noun

tridecahedron (plural tridecahedra or tridecahedrons)

tridecahedra (plural)
tridecahedrons (plural)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-tridecahedron.wav

(geometry) A polyhedron with thirteen faces.


SLERP

This filter is very straightforward to implement using the technique of spherical linear interpolation (SLERP) [8].

2001, Proceedings of the IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Augmented Reality, page 79:

We have already mentioned that quaternions give very good visual results when interpolated using spherical linear interpolation, commonly known as SLERP.

2008, Mario Gutierrez, F. Vexo, Daniel Thalmann, Stepping into Virtual Reality, page 24:

Third, in key frame animation, we can readily interpolate smoothly between two rotations represented by unit quaternions by using spherical linear interpolation (SLERP) [Shoemake, 1985] (see also Section 9.3).

2010, Ron Goldman, Rethinking Quaternions, page xiii:

spherical linear interpolation
spherical linear interpolation#English

(mathematics, computing) Acronym of spherical linear interpolation.


SLERP

en-verb

SLERP (third-person singular simple present SLERPs, present participle SLERPing, simple past and past participle SLERPed)

SLERPs (present singular third-person)
SLERPing (participle present)
SLERPed (participle past)
SLERPed (past)

The rotation quaternion should be SLERPed in order to give the rotation interpolation a smooth curve.

2003, Evan Pipho, Focus on 3D Models - Volume 1, page 150:

Inside this handler, we perform the actual transformation update of our _tracker calculating the current SLERPed Quaternion, and then converting it to the Matrix3D and finally to transform property of the object: private :Jnction

2011, Michael Ivanov, Away3D 3.6 Cookbook:

Using continuously varying time, τ, the quaternionized limb is “SLERPed” towards the target until the target body pose is reached.

2018 October, CT Richards, LB Porro, “A novel kinematics analysis method using quaternion interpolation–a case study in frog jumping”, in Journal of theoretical biology, volume 454:

(mathematics, computing) To interpolate by using SLERP.


de Bruijn's theorem

Devised by the Dutch mathematician Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn in a 1969 paper.

(mathematics) A theorem about packing congruent rectangular bricks into larger rectangular boxes so that no space is left over. It states that a "harmonic brick" (one in which each side length is a multiple of the next smaller side length) can only be packed into a box whose dimensions are multiples of the brick's dimensions.


de Bruijn graph

en-noun

de Bruijn graph (plural de Bruijn graphs)

Named after the Dutch mathematician Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn.

(graph theory) A kind of directed graph representing overlaps between sequences of symbols.


de Bruijn torus

de Bruijn torus (plural de Bruijn toruses or de Bruijn tori)

de Bruijn toruses (plural)
de Bruijn tori (plural)

Named from the de Bruijn sequence, which can be considered a special case for n=1 (one dimension). It is a torus because the edges are considered to wrap around for the purpose of finding matrices.

(combinatorics) An array of symbols from an alphabet (often just 0 and 1) that contains every m-by-n matrix exactly once.


de Bruijn sequence

de Bruijn sequence (plural de Bruijn sequences)

(mathematics) A cyclic sequence (of order n on a size-k alphabet A) in which every possible length-n string on A occurs exactly once as a substring (i.e. a contiguous subsequence). Such a sequence is denoted by B(k, n).


de Bruijn-Newman constant

Named after the mathematicians Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn and Charles M. Newman.

(mathematics) A mathematical constant, denoted by Λ, defined via the zeros of a certain function H(λ, z), where λ is a real parameter and z is a complex variable. H has only real zeros if and only if λ ≥ Λ. The Riemann hypothesis is equivalent to the conjecture that Λ ≤ 0.


de Bruijn notation

(mathematics) A certain syntax for terms in the lambda calculus.


de Bruijn-Erdős theorem

Named after the mathematicians Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn and Paul Erdős.

(graph theory) A theorem stating that, when all finite subgraphs of an infinite graph can be colored using c colors, the same is true for the parent graph.

(geometry) A theorem that states a lower bound on the number of lines determined by n points in a projective plane.


Sylvester-Gallai theorem

Named after James Joseph Sylvester, who posed it as a problem in 1893, and Tibor Gallai, who published one of the first proofs of this theorem in 1944.

(geometry) A theorem stating that, given a finite number of points in the Euclidean plane, either all the points lie on a single line, or there is at least one line which contains exactly two of the points.

James Joseph Sylvester
Sylvester-Gallai theorem
Tibor Gallai


Sylvester equation

Sylvester equation (plural Sylvester equations)

Named after J. Sylvester, who published on the topic in 1884.

(mathematics) A matrix equation, used in control theory, of the form AX + XB = C. Given matrices A, B, and C, the problem is to find possible matrices for X.


Sylvester's formula

(mathematics) A formula that expresses an analytic function f(A) of a matrix A as a polynomial in A, in terms of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of A.

James Joseph Sylvester
Sylvester's formula


Sylvester's criterion

(mathematics) A necessary and sufficient criterion to determine whether a Hermitian matrix is positive-definite: specifically, when all of the leading principal minors have a positive determinant.

James Joseph Sylvester
Sylvester's criterion


Frobenius covariant

Frobenius covariant (plural Frobenius covariants)

Named after the mathematician Ferdinand Frobenius.

(mathematics) Any of a set of special polynomials for a square matrix A, namely projection matrices Aᵢ associated with the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of A.


X Generation

Our Frankie's part of the ... the X Generation ... is what they call it.

2008, Thomas Quealy, Is That You?, page 110:

Conna has Silent Generation parents and is an X Gener, married to a Baby Boomer. She has X Generation siblings, four Y Generation nieces and nephews and a Z Generation daughter.

2010, Pierre Benckendorff, Gianna Moscardo, Donna Pendergast, Tourism and Generation Y, page ix:

Duffy argues the need to change course designs to incorporate Web 2.0 technologies because the habits, customs and codes of Millennium and X Generation students differ from those of previous generations.

2012, Melanie Ciussi, Erik Gebers Freitas, Leading Issues in E-learning Research For Researchers, page 47:


X generation

Instant gratification is the curse of the X generation.

2013, Percival Everett, James Kincaid, A History of the African-American People:

The Pontiac Aztec is a now-classic example of a product that attempted to capture the X generation with a car customized to their every need.

2013, Tony Davila, Marc Epstein, Robert Shelton, How to Become Innovative:

I have included information, such as the adoption of electronic means of communication and the need to evangelize the members of the X generation, which I certainly had not foreseen when I last wrote.

2014, Robert W. Prichard, A History of the Episcopal Church, page xv:


dedimensionalize

en-verb

dedimensionalize (third-person singular simple present dedimensionalizes, present participle dedimensionalizing, simple past and past participle dedimensionalized)

dedimensionalizes (present singular third-person)
dedimensionalizing (participle present)
dedimensionalized (participle past)
dedimensionalized (past)

(mathematics) To remove dimensions, typically from an equation


geocomputation

en-noun

geocomputation (countable and uncountable, plural geocomputations)

(mathematics) The mathematical analysis of complex spatial problems


black room

(cryptography) A governmental facility for intercepting and decrypting communications.


Metropolis-Hastings algorithm

the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm (canonical)

Named after Nicholas Metropolis and W. K. Hastings.

probability distribution
probability distribution

(statistics) A Markov chain Monte Carlo method for obtaining a sequence of random samples from a probability distribution from which direct sampling is difficult.


Pasch's theorem

Stated in 1882 by the German mathematician Moritz Pasch.

(geometry) A result in plane geometry which cannot be derived from Euclid's postulates. It states that, given points a, b, c, and d on a line, if it is known that the points are ordered as (a, b, c) and (b, c, d), then it is also true that (a, b, d).


Pasch's axiom

Its essential role was discovered in 1882 by the German mathematician Moritz Pasch.

(geometry) A statement in plane geometry, used implicitly by Euclid, which cannot be derived from Euclid's postulates. It states that, if a line, not passing through any vertex of a triangle, meets one side of the triangle then it meets another side.


Fredholm theory

Fredholm integral equation
Fredholm integral equation

(mathematics) A theory of integral equations, concerning itself in the narrowest sense with the solution of the Fredholm integral equation.


forcing function

forcing function (plural forcing functions)

differential equation
differential equation

(mathematics) A function in a system of differential equations that is only a function of time, unaffected by the other variables; or, more generally, any non-homogeneous source function in any variable.


Volterra integral equation

Volterra integral equation (plural Volterra integral equations)

(mathematics) A special kind of integral equation, having applications in demography, the study of viscoelastic materials, and actuarial science.

Vito Volterra
Volterra integral equation


leafset

(mathematics) The set of leaves of a tree


vertex angle

(geometry) An angle associated with a vertex of an n-dimensional polytope.


semivariation

A semivariation of vector measure μ on a measurable set A is the quantity […]

1998, Quaestiones Mathematicae: Journal of the South African Mathematical Society, page 62:

A semivariation may be finite in the case of infinite variation of η, which is defined by the formula […]

2010, Vladimir Igorevich Bogachev, Differentiable Measures and the Malliavin Calculus, page 195:

These variations and semivariations are essential for integral representations of various processes and their classifications […]

2021, Yuichiro Kakihara, Hilbert And Banach Space-valued Stochastic Processes, page 57:

(mathematics) Variation that only considers certain parts of a function or a stochastic process, typically focusing on only the positive or only the negative changes rather than all changes.


orthocentral

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-orthocentral.wav


ordered set

partially ordered set
partially ordered set


cutplane

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cutplane.wav

(geometry) A plane that intersects a solid shape


Cauchy horizon

(physics) A light-like boundary of the domain of validity of a Cauchy problem. One side of the horizon contains closed space-like geodesics and the other side contains closed time-like geodesics.


majority problem

(cellular automata) The problem of finding one-dimensional cellular automaton rules that accurately perform majority voting.


ball and stick

The handwriting sense derives from the resemblance of the circular and linear elements of the letters to a ball and a stick.

ball-and-stick model
ball-and-stick model

(physical chemistry) The representation of chemical substances in a three-dimensional way using ball-and-stick models.


biprimality

(mathematics) The condition of being a biprime number


metacompact

(topology) Of a topological space: such that every open cover has a point finite open refinement. That is, given any open cover of the topological space, there is a refinement which is again an open cover with the property that every point is contained only in finitely many sets of the refining cover.


bifolium

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Cartesian coordinate
Cartesian coordinate

(geometry) A quartic plane curve whose equation in Cartesian coordinates is (x²+y²)²=ax²ʸ.


midcorrelation

(statistics) A correlation between the medians of two populations


monadicity

(philosophy, chemistry, biology, mathematics) The condition of being monadic


pancake sorting

(mathematics) The mathematical problem of sorting a disordered stack of pancakes in order of size when a spatula can be inserted at any point in the stack and used to flip all pancakes above it.


pancake number

(mathematics) In pancake sorting, the minimum number of flips required for a given number of pancakes.


Wallis product

(mathematics) An infinite product that approximates half of pi:


Stieltjes constant

Stieltjes constant (plural Stieltjes constants)

Riemann zeta function
Riemann zeta function

(mathematics) Any of a certain series of numbers that occur in the Laurent series expansion of the Riemann zeta function.

Stieltjes constants
Thomas Joannes Stieltjes


Behrens-Fisher problem

Behrens-Fisher problem (plural Behrens-Fisher problems)

Named after Walter Behrens and Ronald Fisher.

(statistics) The problem of interval estimation and hypothesis testing concerning the difference between the means of two normally distributed populations when the variances of the two populations are not assumed to be equal, based on two independent samples.


Riemann-Stieltjes integral

Riemann-Stieltjes integral (plural Riemann-Stieltjes integrals)

Named after Bernhard Riemann and Thomas Joannes Stieltjes.

(mathematics) A generalization of the Riemann integral, serving as a precursor of the Lebesgue integral and a means of unifying equivalent forms of statistical theorems that apply to discrete and continuous probability.


pseudopopulation

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(statistics) A subset of a population used in simulations


cross-quantilogram

(mathematics) The quantile dependence between two time series


LSTM

LSTM (countable and uncountable, plural LSTMs)

In 2015, Google announced it had managed to improve the error rate of its voice recognition software by almost 50% using LSTM. It is the system that powers Amazon’s Alexa, and Apple announced last year that is using LSTM to improve the iPhone.

2017 April 18, Philip Oltermann, “Jürgen Schmidhuber on the robot future: ‘They will pay as much attention to us as we do to ants'”, in The Guardian, retrieved 2021-07-30:

artificial intelligence
artificial intelligence

long short-term memory
w:long short-term memory

(artificial intelligence) Initialism of long short-term memory.


dodecagram

A star polygon that has twelve vertices.


Heisenberg group

(mathematics) The group of 3×3 upper triangular matrices of the form


pentadecahedron

pentadecahedron (plural pentadecahedra or pentadecahedrons)

pentadecahedra (plural)
pentadecahedrons (plural)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pentadecahedron.wav

(geometry) A polyhedron with fifteen faces.


hexadecahedron

hexadecahedron (plural hexadecahedra or hexadecahedrons)

hexadecahedra (plural)
hexadecahedrons (plural)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hexadecahedron.wav

(geometry) A polyhedron with sixteen faces.


heptadecahedron

heptadecahedron (plural heptadecahedra or heptadecahedrons)

heptadecahedra (plural)
heptadecahedrons (plural)

(geometry) A polyhedron with seventeen faces.


enneadecahedron

enneadecahedron (plural enneadecahedra or enneadecahedrons)

enneadecahedra (plural)
enneadecahedrons (plural)

Guy [24] and Knowlton have independently discovered a uniform unistable enneadecahedron.

Klamkin noted that [1] contains an improved solution by R.K. Guy to the polyhedron problem, consisting of a doubly truncated 17-sided convex prism, making it an enneadecahedron (19 faces). […] Ogilvy referred to his book [4], where he describes Guy's enneadecahedron.

1980, Crux Mathematicorum, pages 28, 29:

Our solid is a 17-sided prism, half of whose section is illustrated in Fig. 5, truncated obliquely as in the side view of Fig. 6, so it is an enneadecahedron.

1990, Murray S. Klamkin, Problems in Applied Mathematics: Selections from SIAM Review, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, →ISBN, page 478:

(geometry) A polyhedron with nineteen faces.


unistable

24. Are there unistable polyhedra with less than 19 faces? / A unistable polyhedron is one which when made of material of uniform density, will rest in stable equilibrium on only one of its faces.

There are two basic types of amorphous materials—the unistable and the bistable. The unistable material is one in which there are no structural changes. […] The mechanisms for carrier control in the unistable materials are electronic.

1979, IEEE Computer Society, Exploding Technology, Responsible Growth: Digest of Papers, pages 158, 159:

(b) What is the least dimension, if any, in which a simplex can be unistable? If the condition of uniform density of material is relaxed, then a simplex can be unistable in 3 dimensions.

(mathematics, of a polyhedron) stable when resting on one of its faces


base angle

(trigonometry) Either of the two angles that intersect with the base of a triangle.


statistically significant

en-adj

statistically significant (comparative more statistically significant, superlative most statistically significant)

more statistically significant (comparative)
most statistically significant (superlative)

(regarding p-values): Coined by Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher

Data were tested for equiproportionality and Chi-square test associated p-value is reported when the difference is statistically significant.

2016 January 13, “USP2-45 Is a Circadian Clock Output Effector Regulating Calcium Absorption at the Post-Translational Level”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(statistics) Having a p-value of 0.05 or less (having a probability of 5% or less of occurring by random chance)


rhombi-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-rhombi-.wav


rhombidodecahedron

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-rhombidodecahedron.wav

(geometry) A nonconvex uniform polyhedron with square faces and sharing symmetry of a dodecahedron.


Gougu theorem

Borrowed from Chinese 勾股定理 (gōugǔ dìnglǐ), literally the longer and shorter legs of a right triangle theorem.


Gougu

Transliteration of Chinese 勾股 (gōugǔ), literally the longer and shorter legs of a right triangle.


TREE

Kruskal's tree theorem
Kruskal's tree theorem

(mathematics) An extremely fast-growing function based on Kruskal's tree theorem.


Tree

(mathematics) Alternative letter-case form of TREE


apeirotope

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-apeirotope.wav

(geometry) A generalized polytope having infinitely many facets.


napkin math

Based on my napkin math—and keep in mind I am terrible at math—if you made every conscious choice to do right, your highest potential “life grade” is a D once your bad habits are subtracted.

2018, Levi Lusko, I Declare War: Four Keys to Winning the Battle with Yourself, page 124:

(Canada, US) The act of performing quick mathematics often as a means of estimation, as if done on the back of a napkin (or in one's head).


triacontadigon

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-triacontadigon.wav

(geometry) A polygon with thirty-two sides and thirty-two angles.


dihectagon

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-dihectagon.wav

Dihectagon — 200 Sides

2014, Charles W. Nigh, Geometric Shapes & Forms:

A Dihectagon is a 200 sided shape. Made using the polygon tool.

2016 February 29, Greg N., “Dihectagon”, in 3D Warehouse:

Figure 4.57 A dihectagon looks very similar to a circle. Figure 4.57 shows a 200-sided shape (a dihectagon). It looks very much like a circle now, but it isn't

2017, Ed Southall, Yes, But Why? Teaching for Understanding in Mathematics, page 90:

I understand what a hectogon (a one hundred-sided figure) is for instance, but cannot imagine one, at least not in such a way that my image would be distinct from my image of a dihectagon (see Descartes 2008 [1641]: 51-52).

2019, Kevin Lynch, “Knowing What an Experience Is Like and the Reductive Theory of Knowledge‐wh”, in Analytic Philosophy, volume 61, number 3, →DOI:

(geometry, rare) A polygon with two hundred sides and two hundred angles.

200-угольник

двухсотугольник


tetracontadigon

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-tetracontadigon.wav

Construct an edge-to-edge tessellation with a triangle, a heptagon, and a tetracontadigon. Is it possible to continue such a tessellation to have the full petal around the tetracontadigon?

2010, Sergei Abramovich, Topics in Mathematics for Elementary Teachers, page 90:

[…] (edge-to-edge tessellation with triangle, heptagon, and tetracontadigon, see Fig. 25). Fig. 25 Edge-to-edge tessellation with triangle, heptagon, and tetracontagon

2021, Sergei Abramovich, Michael L. Connell, Developing Deep Knowledge in Middle School Mathematics:

Using GeoGebra, construct an edge-to-edge tessellation with triangle, heptagon, and tetracontadigon. Is it possible to continue such a tessellation to have the full petal around the tetracontadigon?

2024, Sergei Abramovich, Developing Deep Knowledge in Middle School Mathematics, page 82:

(geometry) A polygon with forty two sides and forty two angles.

42-угольник

сорокадвухуго́льник


octadecahedron

en-noun

octadecahedron (plural octadecahedra or octadecahedrons)

octadecahedra (plural)
octadecahedrons (plural)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-octadecahedron.wav

The cell structure was considered to consist of spherical holes but for the purposes of calculation, the cells were assumed to be octadecahedra. ln this model, a compressive force along the principal axis of the octadecahedron and parallel to.

1974, International Polymer Science and Technology, page 202:

In fact the structure of 2 can be related to the octadecahedron and the pentacapped trigonal prism in an interesting fashion

(geometry) A polyhedron with eighteen faces.


enneacontahexagon

Eventually, he worked his way up to a ninety-six-sided figure, an enneacontahexagon.

(geometry) A polygon with ninety six sides and ninety six angles.


icosikaidigon

The exterior wall is a 22-sided polygon (an icosikaidigon) and contains three large double-hung windows per bay.

2005, Baltimore Civil Engineering History, page 209:

A 22—sided shape once came up in relation to Activity 10.17, and various internet sources suggested we could call it an icosikaidigon!

2013, Essential Primary Mathematics, page 269:

(geometry) A polygon with twenty two sides and twenty two angles.


icosidigon

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micropolygon

(computer graphics) A very small polygon.


icosagonal

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-icosagonal.wav

(geometry) Having the form of a icosagon


tetracontakaihexagon

For example, a 46-sided polygon could be called a tetracontakaihexagon, or a combination of “tetracontagon” “kai” (often used in combining names) “hexagon.”

2012, Patricia Barnes-Svarney, Thomas E Svarney, The Handy Math Answer Book, page 184:

(geometry) A polygon with forty six sides and forty six angles.


triacontakaitetragon

For instance a 34-sided polygon is called a triacontakaitetragon, and a 52-sided polygon is called a pentacontakaidigon.

2013, Mark A. Freitag, Mathematics for Elementary School Teachers, page 586:

(geometry) A polygon with thirty four sides and thirty four angles.


triacontatetragon

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-triacontatetragon.wav


pentic

(mathematics) Of or relating to the fifth degree, such as a pentic polynomial


hendecagram

hendecagram (11-pointed) dodecagram (12-pointed)


platykurtotic

en-adj

platykurtotic (comparative more platykurtotic, superlative most platykurtotic)

more platykurtotic (comparative)
most platykurtotic (superlative)


GLM

generalized linear model
generalized linear model#English

(statistics) Initialism of generalized linear model.


diffogram

(statistics) A diagram that uses diagonal lines to display the results of multiple pairwise difference of means tests.


excess kurtosis

en-noun

excess kurtosis (plural excess kurtoses)

(statistics) Kurtosis minus 3; the difference between the kurtosis of a given distribution and the kurtosis of a normal distribution.


H-space

The H was suggested by Jean-Pierre Serre in recognition of the influence exerted on the subject by Heinz Hopf.

(topology) A topological space X (generally assumed to be connected) together with a continuous map μ : X × X → X with an identity element e such that μ(e, x) = μ(x, e) = x for all x in X.


equiconvergent

(mathematics) Of two series: such that the sum of all the terms in both series is convergent to zero.


generative adversarial network

generative adversarial network (plural generative adversarial networks)

generative adversarial networks (plural)

(machine learning) A system used in machine learning, consisting of two neural networks, one of which generates candidate solutions to a problem while the other evaluates and accepts or rejects them.


d'Alembert operator

d'Alembert operator (plural d'Alembert operators)

Named after Jean le Rond d'Alembert (1717–1783), a French mathematician, mechanician, physicist, philosopher, and music theorist.

differential operator
differential operator

(physics) A differential operator which may be expressed as ∂_μ∂^μ=∑_(μ=0)³∂/∂x^μ∂/∂x_μ; it is the four-dimensional (Minkowski space) equivalent of the three-dimensional Laplace operator.

Jean le Rond d'Alembert
d'Alembert operator


squarable

en-adj

squarable (comparative more squarable, superlative most squarable)

more squarable (comparative)
most squarable (superlative)


census area

(US) A subdivision of the Unorganized Borough in the U.S. state of Alaska, used by the United States Census Bureau to facilitate census-taking in the vast unorganized area.


ecodistance

(mathematics, ecology) The difference in value of two related ecological variables


Wang tile

First proposed by mathematician, logician, and philosopher Hao Wang in 1961.

(mathematics) A square tile with a colour on each side. Possible sets of such tiles are studied to determine whether they can tile the plane (arranged with like colours touching, and without rotations or reflections) and whether this can be done in a periodic pattern.


equisummable

(mathematics) Of two or more series: such that their difference is summable.


equibounded

The stability is shown to be uniform with respect to the singular parameter or the solutions are shown to be equibounded.

1994, Stability & Applied Analysis of Continuous Media, volume 3, page 277:

An important example of such a semigroup in infinite dimensional Hilbert space is the weak operator closed monothetic semigroup generated by a linear operator with equibounded iterates.

2011, M. A. Kaashoek, T. T. West, Locally Compact Semi-Algebras, page 8:

(mathematics, of a family of functions) Having the property that there exists a positive number M such that for all functions f in the family of functions F defined on X, |f(x)| ≤ M for all x in X.


Roth's theorem

(mathematics) A fundamental result in Diophantine approximation to algebraic numbers, stating that these numbers cannot have many rational number approximations that are 'very good' (variously defined through history).

Roth's theorem on arithmetic progressions


Siegel-Walfisz theorem

Obtained by Arnold Walfisz as an application of a theorem by Carl Ludwig Siegel.

prime number theorem
prime number theorem

(mathematics) A particular refinement of the prime number theorem and of Dirichlet's theorem on primes in arithmetic progressions.


Thue's theorem

Named after Norwegian mathematician Axel Thue.

(mathematics) One of the earlier theorems leading to Roth's theorem (a Diophantine approximation to algebraic numbers), establishing an exponent d/2+1+ε.


linear triplet

(geometry) The three supplementary adjacent angles formed by three intersecting lines


Mann-Whitney U test

en-noun

Mann-Whitney U test (plural Mann-Whitney U tests)

Developed by Henry B. Mann and Donald R. Whitney, who described it in a 1947 paper.

(statistics) A nonparametric test of the null hypothesis that the probability that a randomly selected value from one population is less than a randomly selected value from a second population is equal to the probability of being greater. It can be used to investigate whether two independent samples were selected from populations having the same distribution.


devil's staircase

devil's staircase (plural devil's staircases)

(mathematics, informal) Synonym of Cantor function; a type of monotonic increasing function.


Tanzalin method

integration by parts
integration by parts

(calculus) A method to simplify integration by parts that precalculates the necessary derivatives and antiderivatives in a table.