sodium

en-noun

sodium (usually uncountable, plural sodiums)

Coined by British chemist Humphry Davy in 1808, from soda + -ium.

coin

The chemical element (symbol Na) with an atomic number of 11 and atomic weight of 22.990. It is a soft, waxy, silvery, reactive alkali metal that is never found unbound in nature.


sodium lactate

(organic chemistry) The sodium salt of lactic acid; used as a food additive and ingredient in lotions etc.


lye

Variant of lie (“to rest horizontally”) now used in a specialised sense; compare sett.

Brakevan lye. [same page in the main text] There is also an inclined lye for brakevans at each end of the yard.

1962 October, G. Freeman Allen, “The New Look in Scotland's Northern Division—II: The new Perth marshalling yard”, in Modern Railways, page 273, photo caption with indicating arrow:

(UK, rail transport) A short side line, connected with the main line; a turn-out; a siding.


caustic soda

en-noun

caustic soda (usually uncountable, plural caustic sodas)

sodium hydroxide (NaOH), a strong alkaline substance used in the manufacture of paint, soap and detergents, or as a drain cleaner.


cyanide

cyanide (countable and uncountable, plural cyanides)

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, countable) Any compound containing the -C≡N group or the CN⁻ anion.

цыяні́д

chemistry: any compound containing the CN group

The birdies all try an' hide / But they still go for peanuts / When coated with cyanide

1959, Tom Lehrer (lyrics and music), “Poisoning Pigeons in the Park”:

Two doctors and a metallurgist from Scotland patented a process for dissolving gold with cyanide in 1887 and patented the recovery of gold from solution using finely divided zinc (zinc precipitation) the following year. […]
The first commercial processing plant to use cyanide in the milling circuit was constructed at the Crown mine at Karangahake, New Zealand in 1889.

1988 July, Michael A. Silva, “Cyanide Heap Leaching in California”, in California Geology, volume 41, number 7, page 147:

The vast majority of the victims, on Jones’s orders, had drunk a fruit punch mixture laced with cyanide, a deadly poison. Adults had fed the poisoned liquid to the children, including infants.

2000, Sean Dolan, Everything You Need to Know About Cults, New York: The Rosen Publishing Groups, Inc., →ISBN, page 15:

(inorganic chemistry) Sodium or potassium cyanide, used in the extraction of gold and silver or as a poison.

(inorganic chemistry, uncountable) Hydrogen cyanide, or cyanide gas, a poisonous gas.


cyanide

en-verb

cyanide (third-person singular simple present cyanides, present participle cyaniding, simple past and past participle cyanided)

cyanides (present singular third-person)
cyaniding (participle present)
cyanided (participle past)
cyanided (past)

(transitive) To treat or poison with cyanide.


sodic

en-adj

sodic (comparative more sodic, superlative most sodic)

more sodic (comparative)
most sodic (superlative)


sodium bicarbonate

en-noun

sodium bicarbonate (countable and uncountable, plural sodium bicarbonates)

(chemistry) A salt of sodium hydroxide and carbonic acid, NaHCO₃.


natrium

From New Latin natrium. See natron for more.

1874 June 19, H. Beins, The Successor of Steam, The Chemical News and Journal of Physical Science, Volume XXIX.—1874, page 267,
It occurred to us to make an experiment to see what degree the tension of the carbonic acid given off by natrium-bicarbonate would amount to, when heated in a closed space.

1991, S. O'Neill, M. Valdeolmillos, C. Lamont, P. Donoso, D. Eisner, The contribution of natrium-calcium exchange to relaxation in mammalian cardiac muscle, Annals of the New York Academy of Science, Volume 639, pages 444-452, cited in 2002, Christian J. F. Holubarsch, Mechanics and Energetics of the Myocardium, page 165,

The highest solute content (more then 1000 mg/L) and value of pH is found in the urban runoff from residential and transport zones, as well as the maximum concentrations of suspended solids, chlorides, natrium and nitrites.

2006, Alena Aucharova, Valery Khomich, “Urban Runoff - Contamination, Problems of Treatment and Impact on Receiving Water”, in Petr Hlavinek, editor, Integrated Urban Water Resources Management, page 192:


sodium lauryl sulfate

(organic chemistry) An ionic detergent, sodium dodecyl sulfate, used in many household products.


sodium alum

(mineralogy) A water-soluble mineral NaAl(SO₄)₂·12(H₂O); a form of alum in which potassium is replaced by sodium.


disodium

(chemistry, in combination) two atoms of sodium in a compound


monosodium

(chemistry, in combination) one atom of sodium in a compound


trisodium

(chemistry, in combination) Three atoms of sodium in a compound.


sodium vapor lamp

sodium vapor lamp (plural sodium vapor lamps)

A street lamp in which electricity is passed through sodium vapour to emit a yellow light.


sodium amalgam

sodium amalgam (countable and uncountable, plural sodium amalgams)

(chemistry) An alloy of sodium and mercury; used as a powerful reducing agent, and in certain types of sodium lamp.


sodium hydroxide

(inorganic chemistry) A strong, caustic alkali (NaOH) used in the manufacture of soap, detergents, paper, textiles and having many other industrial applications.


sodium carbonate

sodium carbonate (countable and uncountable, plural sodium carbonates)

(chemistry) A salt, in the form of a white powder, Na₂CO₃, formally derived from sodium hydroxide and carbonic acid.


hyponatremia

hyponatremia (countable and uncountable, plural hyponatremias)

From hypo- + natremia or hypo- + natr- + -emia.

(medicine) An abnormally low concentration of sodium in blood plasma.


hypernatremia

hypernatremia (usually uncountable, plural hypernatremias)

From hyper- + natremia or hyper- + natr- + -emia.

(medicine) An abnormally high concentration of sodium in blood plasma.


(physics) The only stable isotope of sodium, ²³₁₁Na, having eleven protons and twelve neutrons


natriuretic

From international scientific vocabulary, from New Latin, from natriuresis + -etic = natr- + -i- + uresis + etic; the combining forms are ultimately from New Latin natrium (“sodium”) + Ancient Greek οὔρησις (oúrēsis, “a making water”).

af

Any substance that inhibits the reabsorption of cations, especially sodium, from urine.


tetrasodium

(chemistry, in combination) Four sodium atoms or ions in a compound


xylenol orange

(organic chemistry) An organic reagent, most commonly used as a tetrasodium salt as an indicator for metal titrations.


natremia

en-noun

natremia (usually uncountable, plural natremias)

(physiology, especially in combination) The presence of sodium in the blood, and (usually, especially) the degree (that is, its concentration).

magnesemia

types of biometallic cation concentration in blood


organosodium

(organic chemistry) Describing any organic compound containing a carbon to sodium bond.


sodiferous

en-adj

sodiferous (comparative more sodiferous, superlative most sodiferous)

more sodiferous (comparative)
most sodiferous (superlative)


hypernatremic

hypernatremic (not generally comparable, comparative more hypernatremic, superlative most hypernatremic)

more hypernatremic (comparative)
most hypernatremic (superlative)

From hypernatremia + -ic = hyper- + natremia + -ic.

Although nearly half the hypernatremic patients had a febrile illness, other associated conditions assume more prominence than in infants.

1991, Stephen Brennan & J. Carlos Ayus, "Treatment of Hypoosmolar and Hyperosmolar States", chapter 1 in Wadi N. Suki & Shaul G. Massry (eds.), Therapy of Renal Diseases and Related Disorders, page 11

In all hypernatremic patients who primarily have water losses without electrolyte losses, the urine sodium excretion concentration merely reflects sodium intake.

2008, Robert W. Schrier, Manual of Nephrology: Diagnosis and Therapy, page 35:

(medicine) Having an abnormally high concentration of sodium (or salt) in blood plasma.

hypernatreeminen

having an abnormally high concentration of sodium in blood plasma


natriuresis

From international scientific vocabulary, from New Latin, from natr- + -i- + -uresis; those combining forms are ultimately from New Latin natrium (“sodium”) + Ancient Greek οὔρησις (oúrēsis, “a making water”).

(physiology) excretion of sodium in the urine.


natroniobite

(mineralogy) A monoclinic mineral containing niobium, oxygen, and sodium.


radiosodium

radioactive sodium (especially when used as a tracer)


hexasodium

(chemistry, in combination) Six sodium atoms or ions in a compound


hyponatremic

hyponatremic (not generally comparable, comparative more hyponatremic, superlative most hyponatremic)

more hyponatremic (comparative)
most hyponatremic (superlative)

From hyponatremia + -ic or hypo- + natremia + -ic.

58% of the hyponatremic patients were found to be symptomatic.

2015, Rahul Unnikrishnan et al., “Clinical and laboratory profile of dengue in the elderly”, in Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, volume 4, →DOI:

(biology, medicine) Exhibiting or relating to hyponatremia.


sodium lauryl sulphate

sodium lauryl sulfate
sodium lauryl sulfate#English

(British spelling, organic chemistry) Alternative spelling of sodium lauryl sulfate


dysnatremia

en-noun

dysnatremia (countable and uncountable, plural dysnatremias)

From dys- + natremia or dys- + natr- + -emia.

(biology, physiology, medicine) The presence of an unusual (high or low) amount of sodium in the blood; abnormal serum sodium level.


dysnatremic

en-adj

dysnatremic (comparative more dysnatremic, superlative most dysnatremic)

more dysnatremic (comparative)
most dysnatremic (superlative)

Relating to dysnatremia (abnormal amount of sodium in the blood).


eunatremia

From eu- + natremia or eu- + natr- + -emia.

Children with eunatremia but a high renin level often do not grow well.

2003, Sally Radovick, Pediatric Endocrinology: A Practical Clinical Guide, page 267:

(medicine) A healthy/normal concentration of sodium in blood plasma.


eunatremic

eunatremic (comparative more eunatremic, superlative most eunatremic)

more eunatremic (comparative)
most eunatremic (superlative)

From eunatremia + -ic or eu- + natremia + -ic.

Hospitalized children who became hyponatremic received on average three-times the volume of electrolyte free water than their hospitalized colleagues who remained eunatremic and were also three-times more likely to receive fluids at a rate that exceeded recommended maintenance rates.

2009, Ellis D. Avner, Pediatric Nephrology, page 331:

(medicine) Exhibiting or pertaining to eunatremia (normal amount of sodium in blood).


caustic alkali

en-noun

caustic alkali (countable and uncountable, plural caustic alkalis)

(inorganic chemistry, dated) The hydrate of potassium (called caustic potash) or sodium (caustic soda).


natremic

natremic effects of dietary sodium intake in chronic kidney disease

Moreover, the LGCs produce a natremic factor, a peptide stimulating the uptake of sodium through the integument […]

1988, M. C. Thorndyke, G. J. Goldsworthy, Neurohormones in Invertebrates, page 273:

(biology, medicine) Of or pertaining to natremia: (usually, especially) regarding trends of sodium (Na) concentration over time.

magnesemic

biometallic cation concentration in blood


normonatremia

From normo- + natremia or normo- + natr- + -emia.


normonatremic

From normo- + natremic or normo- + natremia + -ic.

Having a normal amount of sodium in the bloodstream.


heptasodium

(chemistry, in combination) Seven atoms of sodium in a chemical compound.


antinatriuresis

A decrease in the amount of sodium in the urine


antinatriuretic

From anti- + natriuretic or anti- + natriuresis + -etic.

That lowers the amount of sodium in the urine


sodium peroxide

(inorganic chemistry) A strong base, Na₂O₂, used as an oxidizing agent and in self-contained breathing apparatus.


pentasodium

(chemistry, in combination) Five sodium atoms or ions in a compound


octasodium

(chemistry, in combination) Eight sodium atoms or cations in a molecule


decasodium

(chemistry, in combination) Ten atoms of sodium in a chemical compound (Na₁₀).


alkali cellulose

(biochemistry) A compound of cellulose and sodium hydroxide formed during the manufacture of viscose


Solvay process

Developed in its modern form by the Belgian chemist Ernest Solvay during the 1860s.

(chemistry) A major industrial process for the production of sodium carbonate.


natric

(soil science) Being or relating to a kind of argillic horizon having more than 15% saturation with exchangeable sodium in a subhorizon.