conchostracan

(zoology) Any clam shrimp of the former order Conchostraca.


haptor

(zoology) A complex organ (having hooks and suckers) in some parasitic worms.


homoneurous

Ancient Greek ὁμός (homós) + Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron) + -ous

affix

(entomology) Of insects, principally moths, having similar venation in front and hind wings; not belonging to Heteroneura.


sacculinization

From Sacculina (“barnacle”) and -ization.

(zoology) A process in which parasites evolve to lose sense organs and become simpler organisms.


gekkotan

(zoology) Any member of the Gekkota infraorder of reptiles, the geckos.


scincomorph

Clipping of translingual Scincomorpha, likely from skink -o- translingual -morpha

clipping

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Scincomorpha</i>

(zoology) Any member of the Scincomorpha.


strigiform

There's still something boyish about Muldoon, and still something birdlike; strigiform.

2001 May 12, Robert Potts, “The poet at play”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(zoology) Belonging to the order Strigiformes of owls.


clitellate

(zoology) Any annelid worm of the class Clitellata.


palynivore

/pəˈlɪnəvɔːɹ/

From Ancient Greek παλύνω (palúnō, “I sprinkle or scatter”) (from πάλη (pálē, “fine meal, dust”)) + -vore.

uder

(zoology) Any organism that feeds on pollen; a pollinivore.


stoloniferan

(zoology) Any octocoral of the suborder Stolonifera.


type site

The Late Bronze Age assemblage to which the type site offers no significant parallel.

1935, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 1 6:

Bambata is the type site for the Stillbay Culture in Rhodesia.

1959, J.G.D. Clark, Reflections on the significance of prehistoric cultural influences in South West Africa, VI 159:

A ‘type-site’ is, in archaeological jargon, the site after which a culture is named, often the site at which it was first discovered or recognized as distinct.

1981, P. Salway, Roman Britain, section 7:

(archaeology) An archaeological site considered the representative example of a particular culture, frequently its first discovery and frequently used as its eponym


dorsal vessel

(entomology) A central pulsating blood vessel along the back of insects that circulates hemolymph (blood).


pariah dog

Ultimately from Sanskrit पर (para, “distant; outsider, stranger”).

der

Indian pariah dog
Indian pariah dog#English

(zoology) Ellipsis of Indian pariah dog: a breed indigenous to India.

(zoology) Synonym of pye-dog: a half-wild stray dog, particularly in Indian contexts.


rite de passage

en-noun

rite de passage (plural rites de passage)

it seems that the beginning of the decline of this traditional rite de passage should be traced back to the break effected by the Reformation, though the change also had sociological causes, notably the decline of the tightly knit community in which an individual death created an immediate void.

1971, Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, Folio Society, published 2012, page 584:

Stravinsky's wistful and brutal “Rite of Spring” has become a rite de passage for choreographers attracted to its rhythmic intricacies.

1977 April 5, Don McDonagh, “Ballet: Stravinsky ‘Rite of Spring’”, in The New York Times:

Males hoping for acceptance must undergo a perilous rite de passage.

Our Fifth Congress, “A Time for Action” was indeed a rite de passage, a coming of age, for adolescent health, acknowledging that this is an important international issue, a universal and long-neglected cause.

1992 July, David Bennett, “Editorial: Adolescent Health—A Time for Action”, in Journal of Adolescent Health, volume 13, number 5, New York, N.Y.: Elsevier Science Publishing Co., →DOI, →ISSN, page 340:

An ailment can be a rite de passage, a childhood illness an essential preliminary to entry into adulthood.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 34:

Parents operate in a culture where views on teenagers and substances are hopelessly polarised. On one side, excess is a rite de passage undergone by all "proper" teenagers.

2002 January 15, Ros Coward, “The trouble with Harry”, in The Guardian:

It would not have been a rite de passage stricto sensu, but it would have encapsulated and condensed symbolically some of what the ephebate as a whole, the true transitional process or initiation, sought to achieve.

2005, Robert Parker, “The Festival Year”, in Polytheism and Society at Athens, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 210:

For generations, the foreign exchange trip has been a rite de passage for British teenagers. True, we Brits rarely improved our language skills significantly as a result of a two-week stay with a continental European family. But we learned other, perhaps even more valuable, life lessons.

2008 June 26, Stuart Jeffries, “Vive la différence!”, in The Guardian:

I spent last year conducting an anthropological study of the British Humanist Association (BHA), an organisation which on first thought might not bring to mind a commitment to rites de passage. For the association, however, providing funerals to those who do without God is a major aspect of its work.

2012 May 14, Matthew Engelke, “What is a good death? Ritual, whether religious or not, still counts”, in The Guardian:

Jayanta Mahapatra’s ‘Grandfather’ encapsulates a past hopelessly trapped in memories of the grandfather’s diary, dating back to the Great Odisha Famine of 1866. Torn, moth-eaten, it remains a prized possession; bringing history, memory and desire seamlessly together. A scroll of despair, the poem becomes a rite-de-passage.

2014 September 6, Sachidananda Mohanty, “A reader’s delight”, in The Hindu:

(chiefly anthropology) A rite of passage.


apodiform

(zoology) Belonging to the order Apodiformes, including swifts and hummingbirds.


narcomedusan

(zoology) Of or relating to the Narcomedusae.


notosuchian

suffix

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Notosuchia</i>

(zoology) A member of the Notosuchia, a suborder of primarily Gondwanan mesoeucrocodylian crocodylomorphs that lived during the Cretaceous period.


cebrionine

(entomology, rare) Of or relating to the Cebrioninae, a subfamily of click beetles in the family Elateridae.


folivorous

Finally, if muriquis are strongly folivorous, they should conserve energy expenditure by using a relatively small area with just enough leaf sources to meet their nutritional needs, and devote a large proportion of their day to resting.

1992, Karen B. Strier, Faces in the Forest: The Endangered Muriqui Monkeys of Brazil:


percopsiform

(zoology) Any fish of the order Percopsiformes


modiolid

(zoology) Any in the genus Modiolus of mussels.


nectarivore

Insects visiting flowers of H. spinosa can be divided into two guilds: nectarivores (small flies and ants) and pollinivores (bees and hoverflies), which differ in pollination attributes.

1999, Ecology Abstracts, volume 25, Bethesda, Md.: Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 107:

During the same time that A[pis] m[ellifera] adansonii encounters on flowers were registered, we noted the type of floral products collected by this bee. This parameter was measured to determine if A. m. adansonii is strictly a pollinivore, nectarivore or pollinivore and nectarivore. This could give us an idea of its implication as a cross-pollinator of G[ossypium] hirsutum.

2015, Mazi Sanda, “Foraging and Pollination Behaviour of Apis mellifera adansonii Latreille (Hymenoptera, Apidae) on Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae) Flowers at Dang (Naoundere, Cameroon)”, in Michel Fok, Ousmane Ndoye, Siaka Koné, editors, AGRAR-2013: 1st Conference of African Research on Agriculture, Food, and Nutrition. Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire, June 4–6, 2013. Agriculture and the Challenges of Food and Nutrition in Africa: The Contributions of Research in the Cotton Zone = AGRAR-2013 : 1re conférence de la recherche africaine sur l'agriculture, l'alimentation et la nutrition. Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire, 4–6 juin 2013. L'agriculture face aux défis de l'alimentation et de la nutrition en Afrique : quels apports de la recherche dans les pays cotonniers, Gembloux, Belgium: Les Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux, →ISBN, page 164:

(zoology) An animal that principally eats nectar.


acanthin

(zoology, dated) strontium sulfate, the main constituent of the skeletons of the Acantharea


uniramian

(zoology) Any member of the Uniramia, a group of arthropods.


entoproct

(zoology) Any member of the phylum Entoprocta, mostly sessile aquatic animals.


gnathostomulid

(zoology) Any member of the Gnathostomulida, the phylum of jaw worms. They are nearly microscopic marine animals that inhabit sand and mud beneath shallow coastal waters.


actinopod

(zoology) Any member of the variously ranked group Actinopoda of protozoa.


carcinization

term-label

(American spelling, Oxford British English)

/ˌkɑːsɪnɪˈzeɪʃn̩/

From Ancient Greek καρκῐ́νος (karkínos, “crab”) + English -ization (suffix forming nouns denoting the act, process, or result of doing or making something), coined by British zoologist Lancelot Alexander Borradaile (1872–1945) in a 1916 report: see the quotation.

der

[page 121] Porcellanopagurus is a quite independent case of the phenomenon which may be called "carcinization," and which consists essentially in a reduction of the abdomen of a macrurous crustacean, together with a depression and broadening of its cephalothorax, so that the animal assumes the general habit of body of a crab. [...] [page 125] It may be doubted whether the conditions of life play any part other than a purely permissive one in the realization of the tendency to carcinization. [...] The tendency to carcinization, emerging independently from time to time, has led in each case to different habits, but the obligation to the change must have lain always within, not without the obligation.

1916, L[ancelot] A[lexander] Borradaile, Crustacea. Part II.—Porcellanopagurus: An Instance of Carcinization (British Museum (Natural History); British Antarctic (“Terra Nova”) Expedition, 1910, Natural History Report; Zoology; vol. III, no. 3), London: […] Trustees of the British Museum; […], →OCLC, pages 121 and 125:

[L]arval forms of the two groups [hermit crabs and king crabs] are remarkably alike; and carcinization (the evolution of crablike features) appears to have been a recurring theme in hermit crab evolution under ecological circumstances where the shells of gastropod snails are of limited availability (as for example in the deep sea).

1994, John C[harles] Avise, “Species Phylogenies and Macroevolution”, in Molecular Markers, Natural History and Evolution, Boston, Mass., Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, published 2001, →ISBN, part II (Application), page 309:

Presumably, to become a "true crab" requires that a reptant decapod undergo carcinization (Borradaile, 1916) or brachyurization (Števcic, 1971). Although the two terms appear here to be synonymous, we believe that not all authors who have employed "carcinization" or "brachyurization" have had quite the same phenomenon in mind. For example, Martin & Abele (1986) defined carcinization as the reduction and folding of the abdomen beneath the thorax, whereas Sluys (1992) used carcinization to mean the evolution of a crab-like appearance as in lithodids. To Blackstone (1989) hermit crabs became carcinized through broadening of the carapace and reduced shell-inhabiting. In this first component we address anomuran carcinization only from the perspective of adult morphology.

1997 January, Patsy A. McLaughlin, Rafael Lemaitre, “Carcinization in the Anomura – Fact or Fiction?: I. Evidence from Adult Morphology”, in Contributions to Zoology, volume 67, number 2, Amsterdam: SPB Academic Publishing, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-12-12, page 79, column 2:

It seems certain that carcinisation, return to a crab-like habitus, has evolved several times in the Anomura.

2004, Gary C. B. Poore, “Anomura – Hermit Crabs, Porcelain Crabs and Squat Lobsters”, in Marine Decapod Crustacea of Southern Australia: A Guide to Identification, Collingwood, Vic.: CSIRO Publishing, →ISBN, page 215:

Three independent carcinization events are identified (in Lithodidae, Porcellanidae, and Lomisidae). [...] Such a scenario may seem unlikely owing to the complex characters involved, but if carcinization has multiple, independent origins, then adaptation to dextral shell habitation may also be plausible.

2009, Shane T[imothy] Ahyong, Kareen E. Schnabel, Elizabeth W. Maas, “Anomuran Phylogeny: New Insights from Molecular Data”, in Joel W. Martin, Keith A. Crandall, Darryl L. Felder, editors, Decapod Crustacean Phylogenetics (Crustacean Issues; 18), Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, published 15 January 2015, →ISBN, abstract, page 399:

Porcellanids are, after brachyuran crabs, the most successful decapod group to achieve a crab-like body form through carcinisation. Unlike brachyurans, porcellanids retained the ability to swim by flapping their abdomen, armed with a well developed tail fan. Here, we present an exceptional case of carcinisation, with the South-American porcellanid, Allopetrolisthes spinifrons, an obligatory commensal of the sea-anemone species Phymactis papillosa and Phymanthea pluvia.

2010, Alexandra Hiller, Carlos Antonio Viviana, Bernd Werding, “Hypercarcinisation: An Evolutionary Novelty in the Commensal Porcellanid Allopetrolisthes spinifrons (Crustacea: Decapoda: Porcellanidae)”, in Nauplius^(https://web.archive.org/web/20120425232740/http://www.crustacea.org.br/artigos/728_25_18(1)_95-102_-_Hiller,_Viviani,_Werding.pdf), volume 18, number 1, São Paulo, Brazil: Sociedade Brasileira de Cancerologia, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-04-25, abstract, page 95:

Porcelain crabs (Galatheoidea: Porcellanidae) and the hairy stone crab (Lomisoidea: Lomisidae) are also highly carcinised. They represent two additional independent instances of carcinisation within the Anomura, although their derivation has received much less attention than that of the king crabs.

2011, Shane T[imothy] Ahyong, Kareen A. Schnabel, Enrique Macpherson, “Phylogeny and Fossil Record of Marine Squat Lobsters”, in Gary C. B. Poore, Shane T. Ahyong, Joanne Taylor, editors, The Biology of Squat Lobsters, Collingwood, Vic.: CSIRO Publishing; Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, →ISBN, page 78, column 1:

convergent evolution
convergent evolution

(evolutionary theory, zoology) The convergent evolution of decapod crustaceans from forms dissimilar to true crabs into similar forms.

Contributions to Zoology
Lancelot Alexander Borradaile


trab

(zoology) A structural element within a sponge, formed by the fusion of dendroclones.


mesogastropod

(zoology) Any member of the Mesogastropoda, a former taxonomic group of snails.


phthirapteran

(entomology) Any member of the order Phthiraptera of lice.


Paleohispanic

Iberian Peninsula
Iberian Peninsula#English

(linguistics, archaeology) Of or relating to the native peoples, languages and scripts of the Iberian Peninsula before its conquest by the Romans.


rufoferruginous

en-adj

rufoferruginous (comparative more rufoferruginous, superlative most rufoferruginous)

more rufoferruginous (comparative)
most rufoferruginous (superlative)


acousticolateralis

(ichthyology) A system of hearing and vibration detection in fishes.


adultoid

An adultoid is a mature alate that remains in the colony, sheds its wings and becomes a functional reproductive.

2002, V. M. Uys, A guide to the termite genera of Southern Africa, page 6:

(zoology) A premature adult form of an insect.


migrationism

(archaeology) The theory that movements of people from one region to another can account for changes in the culture of the destination region.


isodont

The isodont arrangement is typical of the oysters and scallops.

(zoology) Having hinge teeth with lateral tubercles and sockets on either side of a thick ligament (the resilium).


isodont

(zoology) Any organism with teeth of equal length.


tumi

The tumis are characterized by a metal handle, which can be bent at the free end or may have an ornament in the form of a button or a zoomorphic head; they also have a curved, sharp blade edge, forming a semicircle or half-moon.[…]The archaeological associations of the tumis found in Argentina indicate that these objects all had an Inca origin.

1979, Alberto Rex González, “Pre-Columbian Metallurgy in Northwest Argentina: Historical Development and Cultural Process”, in Elizabeth P. Benson, editor, Pre-Columbian Metallurgy of South America, Conference Proceedings, page 177:

For instance, he makes sure that the reader is aware that the weapons taken by the Inca army, tumis, are ritual weapons used for the ritual hunt and slaughter of llamas.

2002, Thomas B. F. Cummins, Toasts with the Inca: Andean Abstraction and Colonial Images on Quero Vessels, page 18:

Decorated tumis such as this one may have been used for ceremonial purposes, although their utilization on more mundane occasions should not be ruled out.

2004, Richard L. Burger, Lucy C. Salazar, “Catalogue”, in Richard L. Burger, Lucy C. Salazar, editors, Machu Picchu: Unveiling the Mystery of the Incas, page 193:

(archaeology) A ceremonial axe used by some Incan and pre-Incan cultures of South America.


Anzu

Learned borrowing from Sumerian 𒀭𒉎𒂂𒄷 (AN.IM.DUGUD^(MUŠEN) /Anzû/, “a mythical dragon-like bird”), origin unknown, perhaps from 𒀭 (An, “heaven”) + 𒍪 (zu, “to know”).

lbor

(archaeology) Certain depictions of lion-headed eagles in Sumerian art.


social anthropologist

en-noun

social anthropologist (plural social anthropologists)

Now for some rather more human terminology! Nodes can have mothers, daughters, and sisters (though interestingly the corresponding relations are known as fathers, sons, and brothers in Italian; I shall leave it to social anthropologists and psychologists to work out what the hidden significance of this cross-cultural transvestism may be!).

1988, Andrew Radford, Transformational grammar: a first course, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, page 113:

(anthropology) An anthropologist who specializes in social anthropology.


Paleo-Indian

(archaeology) pertaining to Native American culture before circa 8,500 BCE


Indianoid

(anthropology, dated, offensive) A person of a natural evolutionary origin in the Indian subcontinent, and anthropologically sharing much genetic history with Caucasoids.


Americanoid

en-adj

Americanoid (comparative more Americanoid, superlative most Americanoid)

more Americanoid (comparative)
most Americanoid (superlative)

(anthropology) Characteristic of or resembling Native American peoples.

(anthropology, dated) Of or related to the race to which Native Americans belong, according to theories that divide humanity into races.


Americanoid

(dated, anthropology, now possibly offensive) A Native American.


anthropogeographic

(anthropology) Relating to anthropogeography


anthropogeographical

(anthropology) Of or relating to anthropogeography.


anthropogeography

(anthropology) The study of the geographical distribution of humankind and the relationship between human beings and their environment


dental formula

en-noun

dental formula (plural dental formulas or dental formulae)

dental formulas (plural)
dental formulae (plural)

(anatomy, dentistry, zoology) A brief notation used by zoologists to denote the number and type of teeth of a mammal.


carpal angle

(zoology) The angle at the last joint of the folded wing of a bird.


Arabid

(historical, anthropology) A member of an Oriental race, thought to have originated in the Arabian Peninsula, and distinguished from the Mediterranid race by minor differences in facial traits.


berdachism

English settlers, in turn, solidly repressed berdachism in North America, although a score of nineteenth-century texts reveal a lack of sexual assimilation.

2000, John W. M. Hallock, The American Byron, page 19:

(anthropology, now offensive) The state or practice of being transgender or third gender in a Native American society.


heliconiine

(zoology) Of or relating to the Heliconian butterflies.


gynaecoid

en-adj

gynaecoid (comparative more gynaecoid, superlative most gynaecoid)

more gynaecoid (comparative)
most gynaecoid (superlative)

Coordinate term: oedymerous

Macropterous, brachypterous and apterous forms of females and males are known in their populations. Two forms – oedymerous and gynaecoid – occur in males: they are characterized by the allometry of some body parts.

2015 June 30, Halina Kucharczyk, Łukasz Wyrozumski, “Hoplothrips carpathicus Pelikán, 1961 (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) – a new thrips species in the Polish fauna”, in Polish Journal of Entomology, volume 84, →DOI, pages 73-74:

(entomology) Of certain Thysanoptera, having attenuating forelegs.


paroral

(zoology) In the region of the mouth (of a ciliate).


cetothere

(zoology) Any of various cetotheriids of genera considered to be Cetotheriidae sensu lato.


zoothecium

(zoology) The outer layer of certain protozoans.


euthycarcinoid

(zoology) Any of the Euthycarcinoidea, a group of enigmatic, possibly amphibious arthropods that ranged from Cambrian to Triassic times.


glossophagine

(zoology) Of or relating to the Glossophaginae, a subfamily of leaf-nosed bats.


thelyphonid

(zoology) Any member of the arachnid order Thelyphonida.


macrophagous

(zoology) That feeds on relatively large particles or prey.


oniscidean

Nevertheless, these studies strongly suggest that arginine is not an essential amino acid in oniscideans.

1995, Patrick J. Walsh, Patricia A. Wright, Nitrogen Metabolism and Excretion, page 112:

The oniscidean digestive system has been extensively studied and well described in both slaters and sowbugs (Hames and Hopkin 1989; Štrus et al. 1995).[…]Frequent moulting is an important characteristic of juvenile and adult oniscideans and is related to growth, renewal of the cuticle and reproduction in mature females.

2006, Rok Kostanjšek, Jasna Štrus, Aleš Lapanje, Gorazd Avguštin, Maja Rupnik, Damjana Drobne, “5: Intestinal Microbiota of Terrestrial Isopods”, in Helmut König, Ajit Varma, editors, Intestinal Microorganisms of Termites and Other Invertebrates, page 116:

Some oniscideans, which are ordinarily terrestrial, have re-invaded the continental saline waters (e.g. Haloniscus searlei) or even normal freshwater (e.g. Trichoniscidae and Styloniscidae).

2008, George D. F. Wilson, Global diversity of Isopod crustaceans (Crustacea; Isopoda) in freshwater:

(zoology) Any of the terrestrial isopod crustaceans of suborder Oniscidea; a woodlouse.

synonyms at woodlouse

(any species of suborder Oniscidea): woodlouse


unicate

Dead inflorescences and infructescences are well worth collecting if no fresh material is available or if fresh material is only sufficient for a unicate or one duplicate.

1986, John Dransfield, “A guide to collecting palms”, in Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, volume 73, number 1, page 167:

Each collection, which may be a unicate or several specimens as duplicates in several herbaria, constitutes a record in the Conifer Database.

2013, Aljos Farjon, Denis Filer, An Atlas of the World's Conifers: An Analysis of their Distribution, Biogeography, Diversity and Conservation Status, Koninklijke Brill, →ISBN, page 3:

(botany, zoology) A biological specimen that has no duplicates.


uterine nephew

In Dobu, the mother's brother is held to be the harshest of all the relatives. “The motherʼs brother may beat children long after their parents have ceased to do so,” and they are forbidden to utter his name. There is a tender relationship with the “navel,” the motherʼs sisterʼs husband, who is the fatherʼs double, rather than with the father himself. Nevertheless, the father is considered “less harsh” than the motherʼs brother and will always seek, contrary to the laws of inheritance, to favor his son at the expense of his uterine nephew. And, finally, “the strongest of all social bonds” is the one between brother and sister.⁴⁴

1963, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Structural Anthropology, New York: Basic Books, page 44:


dentulous

The teeth of such of the reptiles as are dentulous, are simple organs of prehension, and not intended for mastication.

1874 June, W. C. Barrett, "The Anatomical and Histological Structure of Deciduous Teeth," Transactions of the Dental Society of the State of New York, p. 121 (Google preview)

No dentulous jaws of multituberculates found in deposits of Early Cretaceous age have yet been described.

1979, William A. Clemens and Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska, "Multituberculata," in Jason A. Lillegraven et al. (eds.), Mesozoic Mammals, p. 112 (Google preview)

Edentulous patients with an atrophic mandible require a different plating strategy than dentulous patients who have a greater amount of bone.

2011, K. J. Lee, Elizabeth H. Toh, editors, Otolaryngology: A Surgical Notebook, →ISBN, page 71:

(usually medicine or zoology) Having natural teeth.


zeuzerine

(zoology) Of or relating to the subfamily Zeuzerinae.


rufobrunneous

rufobrunneous (comparative more rufobrunneous, superlative most rufobrunneous)

more rufobrunneous (comparative)
most rufobrunneous (superlative)

(zoology) Of a dark reddish-brown colour.


brunneous

brunneous (comparative more brunneous, superlative most brunneous)

more brunneous (comparative)
most brunneous (superlative)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin brunneus (“brown”), derived from Proto-Germanic *brūnaz (“brown”).


gnathochilarium

(zoology) A lower lip to the buccal cavity in certain insects.


maxillula

(zoology) Either of the first pair of maxillae in crustaceans.


postmentum

(zoology) The basal part of the labium in insects.


coxosternite

(zoology) A basal plate making up the maxillae in some insects or the first pair of legs of Chilopoda, formed from the fused coxae of each leg plus the ventral body plate, the sternite.


orbitolinid

(zoology) Any foraminifer in the family Orbitolinidae.


orthonectid

(zoology) Any of the Orthonectida, a small phylum of parasites of marine invertebrates.


arolium

(entomology) A median lobe into which the pretarsus expands, in an insect's leg.

arolio

a median lobe into which the pretarsus expands, in an insect's leg


opilionid

(zoology) Any of the harvestmen/daddy longlegs in the order Opiliones.


postprocessual

(archaeology) Of or relating to a movement, in reaction to processualism, that emphasizes the subjectivity of archaeological interpretations.


postprocessualism

(archaeology) postprocessual attitudes and approaches generally.


pantothere

(zoology) Any of the Pantotheria, a (now abandoned) taxon of Mesozoic mammals.


pithouse

(archaeology) A primitive building partially dug into the ground and roofed over.


ophidiiform

(zoology) Any ray-finned fish of the order Ophidiiformes


holobranch

(zoology) A pair of hemibranchs on the same gill arch.


hemibranch

(zoology) In fishes, either of the two rows of gill filaments that form a gill arch.


Ġgantija

Named after the Ġgantija temple complex, from Maltese ġgantija, from ġgant (“giant”).

(archaeology, rare) A period of the Neolithic in Malta during which megalithic temples were built.


anthroponomy

/ˌænθɹəˈpɒnəmi/

(anthropology) The science of the laws of the development of the human organism in relation to other organisms and the environment.

antroponomia

the study of the laws and development of the humans


Gallicization

en-noun

Gallicization (countable and uncountable, plural Gallicizations)

From Gallicize + -ation, from Gallic + -ize, from Gallicus (“of or relating to Gaul and the Gauls”), used archaistically in New Latin and English in reference to modern France and the French. Cf. French gaulois and gallicisme.


goshala

Borrowed from Hindi गोशाला (gośālā), from Sanskrit गोशाला (gośālā).

(India) An animal shelter for cows, which are sacred in Hinduism.


pseudoarchaeology

pseudoarchaeology (countable and uncountable, plural pseudoarchaeologies)

Pseudoarchaeology appeals to people who are impatient with the deliberate pace of science and who like to believe that “there is always a faint possibility that…” Some of these “cult archaeologies” show all the signs of becoming personality cults, even religious movements.

2016, Brian M. Fagan, Nadia Durrani, Archaeology: A Brief Introduction, 12th edition, Routledge, →ISBN, page 45:

The chapters in part 1, “Case Studies in Alternative Constructions of the Past: Methods, Ideologies, and Practitioners,” present examples of the nature and culture of pseudoarchaeologies and related alternative constructions of the past.

2016, Jeb J. Card, David S. Anderson, editors, Lost City, Found Pyramid: Understanding Alternative Archaeologies and Pseudoscientific Practices, University of Alabama Press, →ISBN, page 14:


micromammal

(zoology) Any very small mammal (such as a shrew or mouse)


circummundane

(chiefly zoology) Existing throughout the world.


megadrile

(zoology, obsolete) A terrestrial oligochaete (worm of the superorder Megadrilacea in class Oligochaeta)


chloragogen cell

chloragogen cell (plural chloragogen cells)

(zoology) A cell in annelids, with a similar function to the liver


chactid

This character persisted in the literature despite the knowledge of chactids that do not have two pairs of lateral eyes and of vaejovids that do not have three pairs.

1990, Gary A. Polis, The Biology of Scorpions, page 103:

(zoology) Any scorpion in the family Chactidae.


dahu

Perhaps still sore at being called crétins des Alpes by lowlanders, the Savoyards, in the early days of mass tourism, would sometimes take gullible visitors on dahu hunts. These entailed all-night vigils out in the open, where the would-be trophy hunter had to crouch and hide so as not to be seen by the sharp-eyed dahu.

2017, Stephen O'Shea, The Alps: A Human History from Hannibal to Heidi and Beyond, W. W. Norton & Company, →ISBN:

(mythology) A legendary goat-like animal reputed to live in the mountains of France, Switzerland, and Italy.


xanthomelanous

(anthropology, dated) Having yellow, brown, or olive skin and black hair.


axanthism

(zoology) Absence of yellow pigmentation.


odonatan

(zoology) Any member of the Odonata (dragonflies etc.).


xenarthral

/zəˈnɑɹθɹəl/

From Ancient Greek. See Xenarthra, xen-, and arthro- for more.


gorgonopsian

(zoology) Any member of the extinct suborder Gorgonopsia of therapsid synapsids.


nominotypical

Motacilla alba alba is the nominotypical subspecies of the white wagtail (Motacilla alba).

(zoology, botany) Of a subspecies: nominate, having a name which repeats the species name, designating that it represents the originally described population.

Four species of the nominotypical subgenus are positively recorded from America north of Mexico... [referring to Physonota (Physonota) arizonae and three other species]

2002, Ross H. Arnett, JR, Michael C. Thomas, Paul E. Skelley, J. Howard Frank, American Beetles, Volume II, page 646:

(zoology, botany) Of a subgenus or other infrageneric taxon: having a name which repeats the genus name, indicating that it includes the type species. For older botanical subgeneric and sectional names, it is sometimes prefixed with Eu-.


Shug Monkey

A cryptid reported from parts of Cambridgeshire, supposed to have features of a dog and a monkey.


cercomonad

(zoology) A small flagellate of the order Cercomonadida, widespread in aqueous habitats and common in soils.


crithidial

(zoology) Of or relating to the Crithidia.


saimirine

(zoology) Of or relating to the Saimirinae.


spirurian

(zoology) Belonging to the nematode subclass Spiruria.


holospondyly

(zoology) The condition of having the centra of the vertebra fused together.


aspidospondyly

(zoology) The condition of having the centra of the vertebra arranged in separate ossifications.


structural anthropology

From structural + anthropology, in later sense after French anthropologie structurale.

(now rare) The study of human bodies; anatomy.


inland taipan

(zoology) Oxyuranus microlepidotus, a highly venomous snake endemic to semiarid regions of central east Australia.


mutic

en-adj

mutic (comparative more mutic, superlative most mutic)

more mutic (comparative)
most mutic (superlative)

Tibiae frequently mutic and very distinctly more slender toward its apex.

1922, Burle Jackson Jones, The Wing Veins of Insects, volume 1, page 202:

(zoology, dated) Lacking certain defensive structures, such as spines or claws.


orthopteroid

/ɔːˈθɒptəɹɔɪd/

Beccaloni brought his centipede back to the Natural History Museum in London, where he works as a curator of orthopteroids, an order of insects which include crickets and praying mantises.

2016 July 1, Oliver Holmes, The Guardian:

(entomology) Any of the insects historically included in the order Orthoptera, including the cockroaches, earwigs, praying mantises, etc.


rufofuscous

rufofuscous (comparative more rufofuscous, superlative most rufofuscous)

more rufofuscous (comparative)
most rufofuscous (superlative)


etheostomatine

(zoology) Belonging to the Etheostomatinae.


premolt

en-verb

premolt (third-person singular simple present premolts, present participle premolting, simple past and past participle premolted)

premolts (present singular third-person)
premolting (participle present)
premolted (participle past)
premolted (past)

(biology, zoology) To undergo the period prior to an animal molting its exoskeleton, shell, skin, etc.


enoplid

(zoology) Any nematode in the order Enoplida.


pythiosis

(pathology, zoology) Infection by the mold Pythium insidiosum.


beryciform

(zoology) Belonging to the Beryciformes, an order of ray-finned fishes


mastigophoran

(zoology) Any member of superclass Mastigophora of protozoa.


rotatorial

(zoology) Of or relating to the Rotatoria.


rotaliine

(zoology) Belonging or relating to the Rotaliina.


notopod

The notopods begin on the second or third segment and the neuropods are very variable in their segment of origin, being sometimes altogether absent from the anterior region.

1935, John Roxborough Norman, Coast Fishes: South Atlantic:

(zoology) In Latreille's system, a brachyurous decapod crustacean, such as a crab of the genera Homola, Dorippe, Dromia, Dynomene, Ranina.

(entomology) An elaterid; a click beetle.


liminoid

From liminal + -oid, coined by Victor Turner.

A graduation ceremony might be regarded as liminal, while a rock concert might be understood to be liminoid.

(anthropology) Having characteristics of a liminal experience, but optional and not involving the resolution of a personal crisis.


Assyrogenous

/æsɪˈɹɒdʒɪnəs/

/æsɪˈɹɑd͡ʒɪnəs/

(of ethnic groups, anthropology) Of or pertaining to several ethnic groups known as Assyrians or from Assyria, for example Syrians, Jacobites, Nestorians, and Chaldeans, and arguably also Maronites, Melkites, and Arameans.


zoochorous

From zoochore + -ous or zoo- + -chorous.

(botany) Of or relating to zoochores or zoochory.


Samian ware

en-noun

Samian ware (countable and uncountable, plural Samian wares)

(archaeology) A form of terra sigillata tableware made in ancient Gaul.


narcomedusa

Some narcomedusae develop as parasitic stolons in or on other jellyfish species; young medusae are budded from these stolons.

2016, Lisa-Ann Gershwin, “Battering ram jellies”, in Jellyfish: A Natural History, page 84:

(zoology) Any of the Narcomedusae, an order of hydrozoans in the subclass Trachylinae.


mygalomorph

clipping

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Mygalomorphae</i>

(zoology) Any member of the infraorder Mygalomorphae of spiders with parallel, downward-running fangs.


Nazca

(archaeology) A culture that flourished from 100 BC to 800 AD in southern Peru.


Eurafrican

/jəˈɹæfɹəkən/

From Euro- (prefix meaning ‘pertaining to Europe’) + African (adjective, noun), probably modelled after Eurasian. Compare Euroafrican, Euro-African, which are attested earlier.

affix

(anthropology, archaic) Of a person: from the parts of Europe and North Africa surrounding the Mediterranean Sea.

Välimereltä

of a person: from the parts of Europe and North Africa surrounding the Mediterranean Sea


ergate

From Ancient Greek ἐργάτης (ergátēs, “workman”).

uder

The worker (ergates) is characterized by the complete absence of wings and a very small (stenonotal) thorax, much simplified in the structure of its sclerites.

1910, William Morton Wheeler, Ants: Their Structure, Development and Behavior, Columbia University Press, page 97:


gamergate

/ˈɡæm.əɹˌɡeɪt/

From Ancient Greek γάμος (gámos, “union, marriage”) + ergate.

der

Recent studies indicate that queenless societies can have either one or several gamergates per colony, which reveals that reproductive inhibition can occur despite the absence of the queen caste.

1990, Christian Peeters, “Monogyny and Polygyny in Ponerine Ants Without Queens”, in Social Insects and the Environment: Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of IUSSI, 1990, Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill, →ISBN, page 234:

(entomology) A worker insect that can become capable of reproducing when the queen has died.


aeroscepsy

From aero- + Ancient Greek σκέψις (sképsis, “a viewing, perception”), from σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “consider”).

(zoology) The ability to perceive the state of the atmosphere.


agminal

en-adj

agminal (comparative more agminal, superlative most agminal)

more agminal (comparative)
most agminal (superlative)

From Latin agminālis, from agmen (“march, train”).


water-salamander

From water + salamander. Compare Dutch watersalamander (“newt”).

(zoology) Any salamander (Order Urodela) which habitually or permanently lives in water.


emys

From the translingual genus name Emys and its etymon, the Classical Latin emys, from the Ancient Greek ἐμύς (emús).

Certain Emydes…tend to the Sea-tortoises or Turtles…and yet exhibit characters peculiar to themselves.

1843, The Penny Cyclopædia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, XXV, page 57/2:

Remains of the elephant…the beaver, the emys…and goats.

1873, James Murdoch Geikie, The Great Ice Age and Its Relation to the Antiquity of Man, page 492, Appendix:

(zoology) Any member of the small Emys genus of freshwater pond tortoises.


sportive lemur

(zoology) Any of the lemurs in the family Lepilemuridae.


rutting season

(zoology) The time of the year when certain animals mate.


clupeiform

(zoology) Belonging or relating to the order Clupeiformes of ray-finned fish, including herrings and anchovies


perichaetine

(zoology) Having many setae per segment, like earthworms of the genus Perichaeta.


cryptodire

(zoology) Any member of the Cryptodira, the taxonomic suborder of Testudines that includes most living tortoises and turtles.


dendrocolaptine

(zoology) Of or relating to the bird subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of woodcreepers.


zorapteran

(zoology) Any member of the insect order Zoraptera.


subcosta

(entomology) The first major vein behind the costa on an insect wing


Pcu

(entomology) Abbreviation of postcubitus.


postcubitus

(entomology) One of the major veins of the insect wing, between the cubitus and the anal veins (although it was originally considered one of the anal veins itself).


jellycoat

(zoology) The gelatinous coating on an egg.


epitoke

(zoology) A pelagic morph capable of sexual reproduction.


axiniform

axiniform (comparative more axiniform, superlative most axiniform)

more axiniform (comparative)
most axiniform (superlative)

(anatomy, zoology) Shaped like the head of an axe.


echinozoan

(zoology) Any echinoderm of the subphylum Echinozoa.


chiridian

They are all tetrapods–that is to say, vertebrates that possess (or their ancestors possessed) chiridian limbs (limbs with digits; fig. 1.1).

2012, Sebastien Steyer, Earth Before the Dinosaurs, page 1:

(zoology, rare) Of a tetrapod vertebrate limb, having well-defined joints and digits.


hyperoartian

(zoology) Any vertebrate of the class Hyperoartia


orang-pendek

Borrowed from Indonesian [Term?], from orang (“person”) + pendek (“short”).

A cryptid reported to inhabit mountainous forests on the island of Sumatra. It is a ground-dwelling bipedal primate covered in short fur.


Andronovo

Named after the village of Andronovo where, in 1914, skeletons and decorated pottery were found.

(archaeology) A collection of similar local Bronze Age cultures that flourished circa 1800–1400 BCE in western Siberia and the west Asiatic steppe.


tsuchinoko

Borrowed from Japanese 槌の子 (tsuchinoko, literally “hammer's spawn”).

bor

A legendary snake-like cryptid of Japan.


symmetrodont

clipping

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Symmetrodonta</i>

(zoology) Any Mesozoic mammal of the order Symmetrodonta


medusozoan

(zoology) Any of the subphylum Medusozoa of jellyfish.


rhombozoan

(zoology) Any of the phylum Rhombozoa of tiny parasites found in the renal appendages of cephalopods.


oxea

oxea (plural)
oxeas (plural)
oxeae (plural)

From Ancient Greek ὀξέᾱ (oxéā). Either from the Ionic form of Attic ὀξεῖᾰ (oxeîa), (a feminine form of ὀξῠ́ς (oxús, “sharp”) applied to ῥᾰ́βδος (rhábdos, “wand; shaft”)) or a variant of ὀξῠ́ᾱ (oxúā), ὀξῠ́η (oxúē, “beech; spear-shaft”).

(zoology, of sponges (Porifera)) a monoaxial spicule which is pointed at both ends


Mongolian death worm

en-noun

Mongolian death worm (plural Mongolian death worms)

(cryptozoology) A cryptid reported from the Gobi desert, said to be a large bright red worm capable of attacking with corrosive acid or electric discharge.


zeugopodium

From Ancient Greek ζεῦγος (zeûgos, “yoke, pair”) + -podium.

af

(zoology) The part of a limb corresponding to either a forearm or lower leg.


clupeomorph

(zoology) A member of the fish superorder Clupeomorpha.


ostariophysian

(zoology) A member of the fish superorder Ostariophysi.


osteolepiform

(zoology) Any extinct fish of the order Osteolepiformes


rhizocephalan

(zoology) Any member of the Rhizocephala.


rhipidoglossan

(zoology) Any member of the Rhipidoglossa.


varanine

(zoology) Of, or pertaining to, a monitor lizard.


varanine

(zoology) A monitor lizard; a member of the subfamily Varaninae.


planocraniid

(zoology) Any crocodylian of the family Planocraniidae.


ziphodont

From a scientific name Crocodilus ziphodon coined by Othniel Charles Marsh (1871). Apparently from an alteration of xipho- + -odont.

(zoology) Any organism with teeth of this kind.


ceratophyte

/ˈsɛɹətəʊfaɪt/

From cerato- (“horn”) + -phyte (“plant”).

(zoology) a type of coral polyp, the internal axis of which has the appearance of wood or horn.


strigated

en-adj

strigated (comparative more strigated, superlative most strigated)

more strigated (comparative)
most strigated (superlative)


strigulation

(zoology) The quality or state of being strigulated (very finely streaked); streaking.


strigulate

en-verb

strigulate (third-person singular simple present strigulates, present participle strigulating, simple past and past participle strigulated)

strigulates (present singular third-person)
strigulating (participle present)
strigulated (participle past)
strigulated (past)

From Latin strigulatus, from striga (“row, strip, swath”).

(zoology) To streak or stripe very finely; to make strigate or strigose; to cause to have strigulation.


strigulated

en-adj

strigulated (comparative more strigulated, superlative most strigulated)

more strigulated (comparative)
most strigulated (superlative)

(zoology) Having strigulation; exhibiting strigulating; strigate.


amphikinesis

(zoology) The movement of both upper and lower parts of a bird's beak where it joins the skull.


macroborer

(zoology) Any macroorganism that bores into a substrate


microboring

(zoology) That functions as a microborer


macroboring

(zoology) That functions as a macroborer


subbrachian

(ichthyology) Relating to fish of the order Subbrachiales.


subbrachian

(ichthyology, obsolete) Any fish of the order Subbrachiales (syn. Malacopterygii)


tecnomorph

In stratigraphically later genera with histial dimorphism frequently no histial structure and also no velar structure at all is present in the tecnomorphs.

1957, Bulletin of the Geological Institution of the University of Upsala, Volume 37, page 203:

(zoology) The carapace of a larval ostracod.


antemedial

(entomology) Situated before (i.e. closer to the head than) the middle of the thorax or wing.

antemediano

situated before the middle of the thorax or wing


tornal

(entomology) Of or pertaining to the tornus.


crossline

(entomology) A line running across an insect.


midleg

in this species, the midlegs are brighter than the forelegs and hindlegs

(zoology) Any of the legs located between the forelegs and back legs.


nassophorean

(zoology) Any member of the Nassophorea.


cyrtos

(zoology) The basket-like feeding apparatus of the protists, especially in the genus Nassula.


pseudocopulatory

(zoology) Resembling copulation though not fulfilling the sexual function.


solenogaster

(zoology) Any of the Solenogastres, a class (sometimes a subclass) of small worm-like mollusks with no shell.


cavibelonian

(zoology) Of or relating to the Cavibelonia, a taxonomic order of solenogasters.


udoteacean

suf

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Udoteaceae</i>

(zoology) Any member of the algal family Udoteaceae.


Physoclisti

(zoology) Fishes that lack a connection between the gas bladder and the alimentary canal, the bladder serving only as a buoyancy organ.


Philomela

From Latin Philomela, from Ancient Greek Φιλομήλη (Philomḗlē), from φίλος (phílos, “love”) + μῆλον (mêlon, “apple; fruit; sheep”), but folk-etymologized since at least Ovid's time as "lover of song".


thalassophonean

(zoology) Belonging to the Thalassophonea, an extinct clade of pliosaurids.


pronograde

From Latin pronus (“bent over”) + -grade (“means of walking]”) (from Latin gradus). Compare prone.

(zoology) Walking with the length of the body parallel to the ground.


deserticolous

en-adj

deserticolous (comparative more deserticolous, superlative most deserticolous)

more deserticolous (comparative)
most deserticolous (superlative)

It must be understood that for a deserticolous species the "interpretation" of what a barrier is may be different from that of a jungle species.

2013, Eduardo H Rapoport, Areography: Geographical Strategies of Species, page 124:


sorting table

2014, Paul Salopek, Blessed. Cursed. Claimed., National Geographic (December 2014)https://web.archive.org/web/20150212214621/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2014/12/pilgrim-roads/salopek-text
Stefania Chlouveraki, the project leader, stands at a long sorting table. She turns the colored fragments over and over in her fingertips. She fits each one into its place: a magnificent tableau of lions, crosses, pomegranate trees.

(archaeology) A table on which finds are sorted by date, origin etc.


poecilostomatoid

(zoology) Any member of the order Poecilostomatoida of copepods.


monstrilloid

(zoology) Any copepod in the order Monstrilloida.


oxyrhynchus

/ˌɒksɪˈɹɪŋkəs/

/ˌɑksiˈɹɪŋkəs/

From New Latin oxyrhynchus, from Ancient Greek ὀξῠ́ρρῠγχος (oxúrrhunkhos, “a kind of Egyptian fish”) (whence also the place name Ὀξῠ́ρρῠγχος (Oxúrrhunkhos), from ὀξῠ́ς (oxús, “sharp”) + ῥῠ́γχος (rhúnkhos, “snout”).

compound

(ichthyology) a fish with a pointed snout


aunting

The aunting behavior in a captive group of 22 squirrel monkeys containing three infants was done in terms of the age/sex classification of those animals involved. The time course of the aunting phenomena and the type and intensity of the interactions between the mothers and the aunts were recorded.

1978, Susan M. Hunt, Katy M. Gamache, Joan S. Lockard, “Babysitting behavior by age/sex classification in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus)”, in Primates, volume 19, page 162:

Such kidnapping rarely results in serious injury or death (i.e. 'aunting-to-death') with infant patas monkeys.

1995, Nakagawa N., “A case of infant kidnapping and allomothering by members of a neighbouring group in patas monkeys”, in Folia Primatol:

(zoology) The provision of maternal care by another, allomothering.


lamprophiid

(zoology) Any member of the snake family Lamprophiidae.


Leiotrichi

From Ancient Greek λεῖος (leîos) and θρίξ (thríx).

(archaic, anthropology) human races with smooth hair


fourth gender

en-noun

fourth gender (countable and uncountable, plural fourth genders)

(anthropology) A category (a gender), present in societies which recognize four or more genders, which is neither cis male nor cis female; often, such societies consider trans men to constitute a third gender and trans women to constitute a fourth gender, or vice versa.


queenright

We have yet to identify every factor involved, but one variable is whether the nest contains a queen ant (queenright) or is queenless.

2012, Andrew Pullin, Ecology and Conservation of Butterflies:

(zoology, of colonies of bees, ants, etc.) Having a queen.


footganger

Perhaps from Dutch or Afrikaans voetganger (“pedestrian”, literally “foot-goer”), or a partial calque of German Fußgänger (“pedestrian”), equivalent to foot + ganger (“goer, walker, stepper”).

partial calque

Midway between Bloomfontein and Kimberley, while riding with Major Beresford, of the South African Constabulary, at the foot of some low hills in the Karoo bush, I came across great numbers of the footgangers.

We passed several swarms of locusts in the footganger stage; but owing to the lateness of their appearance the damage they effected was slight, though we met many people coming from the west, whose crops had been utterly destroyed.

1904, Mark Sykes, John Hugh Smith, Edward Granville Browne, Dar-ul-Islam: A Record of a Journey Through Ten of the Asiatic Provinces of Turkey:

(entomology) A juvenile locust or grasshopper while in its wingless or flightless phase.


crurotarsan

(zoology) Any of the Crurotarsi, a taxonomic group including the archosaurs and phytosaurs.


notoplate

(zoology) The central posterior region of the neural plate that is elongated during neurulation.


terra sigillata

/ˌtɛɹə ˌsɪdʒɪˈleɪtə/

/ˌtɛɹə ˌsɪdʒɪˈlɑːtə/

/ˌtɛɹə ˌsɪdʒəˈleɪtə/

From Medieval Latin terra sigillāta (literally “sealed, stamped earth”).

bor

(archaeology) A type of fine, red Roman pottery made from the first to the third centuries AD in Gaul.


epigamic

(zoology) Attractive to the opposite sex


forespur

The tibial comb or forespur, on the front pair of legs, has about 65 teeth, stiff and elastic, and is deftly fitted into the tarsus opposite, which has about 45 coarser teeth.

1914, Joshua Hughes Paul, Out of doors in the west:

The main joint at his forespur kept slipping each time he tried to unfold it. Nilrasha stifled a sob. "I'm sorry, Ru. But it doesn't matter. Your wings are uncased." She began to lick his wounds. By hooking the wing tip in a crack on the balcony and ...

2007, E. E. Knight, Dragon Outcast - Page 246:

Finally, species living on (d) hard soils have long spur—like apical extensions of the protibiae and well—developed forespurs, which often exhibit a lot of wear.

2010, Richard A.B. Leschen, Rolf G. Beutel, John F. Lawrence, Volume 2: Morphology and Systematics:

(anatomy, zoology) A spur positioned at the fore, or facing forward.


chickcharney

An owl-like cryptid said to inhabit the forests of Andros Island in the Bahamas.


rhysodine

(zoology) Any of the subfamily Rhysodinae of carabid beetles.


brachinine

(zoology) Any beetle of the carabid subfamily Brachininae.


paussine

(zoology) Any of the subfamily Paussinae of ground beetles, most of which live as predators in ants' nests.


elaphrine

(zoology) Any of the subfamily Elaphrinae of carabid beetles.


scaritine

(zoology) Any of the subfamily Scaritinae of carabid beetles.


cicindeline

(zoology) Any of the subfamily Cicindelinae of carabid beetles, the tiger beetles.


false primary

The false primary about one third the length of the first, which is shorter than the fourth.

1875, Charles Robert Bree, A History of the Birds of Europe:

These Owls, in conjunction with some other species of their kind, have a marked peculiarity—i.e., the outer barbs of the first true primary and of the first false primary feathers have no barbules.

1905, The Emu: Official Organ of the Australasian Ornithologists' Union - Volumes 4-5:

A web of skin grew from his wrists to his shoulders, while his primary feathers burst out in soft quills from the end of his fingers and quickly grew. His secondaries sprouted along his forearm, and a charming little false primary sprang from the end of each thumb.

1958, T.H.White, The Once and Future King:

(ornithology, rare) Any flight feather that appears between the primaries and secondaries on a bird's wing.


anthropogeographically

(anthropology) In terms of anthropogeography.


hemigynous

From Ancient Greek ἡμι- (hēmi-) + γυνή (gunḗ) + -ous.

Since the above was written, I find that the hemigynous insects require a more careful examination than I had found leisure to bestow on them, […]

1851, Edward Newman, “On the Word Hermaphrodite”, in The Zoologist:

Hemigynous Specimen of Acronycta leporina.

1872 March 18, “Extracts from the Proceedings of the Entomological Society, March 18, 1872”, in The Entomologist, page 267:

The female characters may be assumed on the head (gynaecocephalous), afterwards on the thorax (hemigynous), and finally on the elytra.

1901, Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society [of Great Britain], page 413:

(entomology, obsolete) Having characteristics of both male and female of the species but the sexual organs for one gender only.


gracilize

en-verb

gracilize (third-person singular simple present gracilizes, present participle gracilizing, simple past and past participle gracilized)

gracilizes (present singular third-person)
gracilizing (participle present)
gracilized (participle past)
gracilized (past)

The apparent absence of any apparent sexual or age-based divisions of labour contrasts strikingly with anatomically modern humans of the Pleistocene in which females appear to gracilize relatively quickly, implying perhaps a sex-based division of labour (Soffer 1994).

2001 June 29, PB Pettitt, “Neanderthal lifecycles: Developmental and social phases in the lives of the last archaics”, in World archaeology, volume 31, number 3:

No exact racial diagnostics can be made on the basis of the preserved cranial parts, but still it is obvious that it refers to the Mediterranide race that began to gracilize.

1986, Anthropologie, volumes 24-25, page 171:

(anthropology) To exhibit a reduction in bone mass due to the process of evolution.


gracilization

The last ten thousand years have witnessed a gracilization of the human cranium — and masticatory complex, in particular.

2002, Peter S. Ungar, Mark Franklyn Teaford, Human Diet: Its Origin and Evolution, →ISBN, page 28:

(anthropology) A reduction of bone mass as the result of evolution.


gracilized

en-adj

gracilized (comparative more gracilized, superlative most gracilized)

more gracilized (comparative)
most gracilized (superlative)

The results show a fairly gracilized body build both in males and females, and a morphological convergence of the proportions of the two sexes.

1972 March 2, M Masali, “Body size and proportions as revealed by bone measurements and their meaning in environmental adaptation”, in Journal of Human Evolution, volume 1:

Wade argues that our pre-gracilized ancestors lived in a world closer to Hobbes than Rousseau.

2011, JH Hinshaw, “Darwinian Evolution and Social History”, in Journal of Social History, volume 45, number 1:

(anthropology) Exhibiting a reduction in bone mass as the result of evolution.


trituberculy

(zoology, obsolete) A theory of the development of mammalian molar teeth.


gracilise

en-verb

gracilise (third-person singular simple present gracilises, present participle gracilising, simple past and past participle gracilised)

gracilises (present singular third-person)
gracilising (participle present)
gracilised (participle past)
gracilised (past)

(anthropology) Alternative form of gracilize


gracilisation

(anthropology) Alternative form of gracilization


gracilised

en-adj

gracilised (comparative more gracilised, superlative most gracilised)

more gracilised (comparative)
most gracilised (superlative)

(anthropology) Alternative form of gracilized


Brass Ankles

(anthropology, historical) A triracial isolate group that developed in colonial South Carolina.


cuckolder

(zoology) A male of certain kinds of fish that interrupts a mating pair to release sperm in an attempt to fertilize the female.


nuthacker

The common names nuthatch and nuthacker refer to the way the bird takes a nut in its claws and hacks at it with its bill or wedges it in the bark of a tree and hacks it with hard strokes to break it open.

2013, George Adams, George Martin Adams, Gardening for the Birds: How to Create a Bird-friendly Backyard - Page 346:


ramuliferous

ramuliferous (comparative more ramuliferous, superlative most ramuliferous)

more ramuliferous (comparative)
most ramuliferous (superlative)

(zoology) Bearing ramuli (small branches)


adlet

Adlets are wont to hunt on all fours, and so were born stories of giant black dogs that accost travelers.

2006, Aaron Rosenberg, Various, Chosen RPG, Impressions, →ISBN:

An adlet is part-human and part-canine, […]. They can be cannibals, eating other dogs. When they first hunt prey they go for the victim's throat and drink the fresh blood.

2012, Lisa Regan, Vampires, Werewolves and Zombies, Amber Books Ltd, →ISBN, page 71:

... that one of their ancestors has been married to a dog and that they have canine blood in their veins. This does not mean, of course, that they can transform themselves into an Adlet or that they enjoy any special protection from its attentions.

2016, Dr. Bob Curran, Andy Paciorek, The Carnival Of Dark Dreams, →ISBN, page 56:

"We could mate with humans, but then we'd have to expose our existence, and there's no guarantee that the baby will be an adlet." She cleared her throat. "Of course, I'd love a human baby just as much as an adlet, but we need more halflings […]"
[…]
The dogs mated with other dogs and stayed in their canine form, but the halflings mated with both humans and dogs and so the adlets continued to spread across the land, always evolving. Some adlet families are more human than dog, ...

2019, Laura Greenwood, Skye MacKinnon, Under the Ice, Peryton Press:

(cryptozoology, mythology) A cryptid in Inuit mythology and folklore in Canada and Greenland, a tall, dog-legged humanoid (sometimes identified with inland Native Americans).


interarea

The brachiophore or brachial process is a simple, somewhat flat blade located at the notothyrial margin and underlying the notothyrial edge of the interarea.

1938, Edward Oscar Ulrich, Gustav Arthur Cooper, Ozarkian and Canadian Brachiopoda, page 73:

In one sense the interareas, planareas, and palintropes are genetically the same in that they are all surfaces resulting from increment to the posterior margin.

1942, Preston E. Cloud, Jr., Terebratuloid Brachiopoda of the Sillurian and Devonian, →ISBN, page 21:

The posterio-lateral socket ridge lies between the socket and the interarea (pl. 2, figs. 9b, 13b, 16b). The posterio-lateral socket ridges are accommodated by grooves in the hinge teeth of concavo-convex species or pockets between the hinge teeth and the interarea of resupinate species.

1949, Geological Survey Professional Paper, page L-2:

Pedicle valve with well developed sulcus; height and concavity of interareas highly variable, apsacline to catacline, rarely slightly procline.

1995, Andrzej Baliński, Palaeontologia Polonica, number 54, page 60:

Spiriferides tend to have highly biconvex shells, with well-developed radial costae and a large interarea on the ventral valve.

2013, Donald R. Prothero, Bringing Fossils to Life: An Introduction to Paleobiology, →ISBN, page 334:

(zoology) A typically triangular shelf of shell on some brachiopods that serves as a weight-bearing surface to stabilize the valves.


trap-jaw ant

From trap + jaw + ant, because the mandibles (jaws) snap shut forcefully like a trap.

(entomology, informal) Any of a group of carnivorous ants, of the genus Odontomachus, that have mandibles that can snap shut on prey


pectinibranchial

(zoology, archaic) Synonym of pectinibranchiate


posteriad

(zoology) In a direction toward the posterior.


monimostyly

From Ancient Greek μόνιμος (mónimos, “fixed in place”) + Ancient Greek στῦλος (stûlos, “pillar”) + -y.

af

(zoology) union of the quadrate and squamosal, not permitting movement


pant-hoot

en-verb

pant-hoot (third-person singular simple present pant-hoots, present participle pant-hooting, simple past and past participle pant-hooted)

pant-hoots (present singular third-person)
pant-hooting (participle present)
pant-hooted (participle past)
pant-hooted (past)

(zoology, intransitive, of chimpanzees) To utter a complex vocalization that starts off quietly and builds up to a succession of hoots and screams.


haplodont

(zoology) Being or having molar teeth with simple crowns, without ridges or tubercles.


vespoid

(zoology) Of or relating to the superfamily Vespoidea of wasps and ants.


paurometabolous

/ˌpɔːɹəʊmɪˈtæbələs/

/ˈˌpɔɹoʊmɪˈtæbələs/

From Ancient Greek παῦρος (paûros, “small, little”) + metabolous (“undergoing metamorphosis”), modeled after ametabolous, hemimetabolous. See New Latin Paurometabola.

der

(entomology) Characterizing a group of insects whose metamorphosis from immaturity to maturity is gradual and without sudden radical physical change; characterized by hemimetabolism.


actaeonid

Ultimately from Latin Actæon, borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀκταίων (Aktaíōn) (Acteon).

(zoology) Any sea slug of the family Actaeonidae.


neornithine

(zoology) Any of the feathered dinosaurs that evolved into modern birds


house society

Translation of French société à maison, coined by Claude Lévi-Strauss.

(anthropology) A society where kinship and political relations are organized around membership in corporately-organized dwellings rather than around descent groups or lineages.


ornithophilic

en-adj

ornithophilic (comparative more ornithophilic, superlative most ornithophilic)

more ornithophilic (comparative)
most ornithophilic (superlative)

When the birds leave their breeding sites in the autumn the mosquito turns to humans. The London Underground molestus are not ornithophilic. We have nothing to fear from them.

2007, Hugh Pennington, ‘The Problem with Biodiversity’, London Review of Books, volume 29, number 9:

Unlike the alphaviruses that produce arthritis, human cases occur in an epizootic from an enzootic cycle involving passerine birds and ornithophilic mosquitoes.

2009, Encyclopedia of Microbioology, page 316:


Dinaric

From Dinara + -ic, after the mountain on the border of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

(anthropology) Of or relating to a subtype of the Caucasoid race, associated with southeastern Europe.


Dinaric

(anthropology) A member of a subtype of the Caucasoid race, associated with southern Europe.


archeomaterial

(archaeology) Any material from an earlier civilization, found during archeological studies.


homodonty

(zoology) The condition of having teeth all of the same type.


aparasitemic

(parasitology) Having no parasites in the blood


eucryptodiran

Basal eucryptodiran xinjiangchelyids or macrobaenids―sinemydids are represented in the Phu Kradung Formation by a few fragmentary remains.

2009, Eric Buffetaut, Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Ecosystems in SE Asia:

(zoology) Any turtle of the suborder Eucryptodira.


tracheosyringeal

(zoology) Relating to, or connecting, the trachea and the syrinx


vanessa

(zoology) Any butterfly of the genus Vanessa.


planktonophagous

The blue is stenophagous and planktonophagous, the North Atlantic minke largely ichthyophagous.

1982, David Edward Gaskin, The Ecology of Whales and Dolphins, page 69:

Finally, coral reef POM constitutes a source of OM for planktonic invertebrates and planktonophagous fish.

2015 July 2, Briand MJ, Bonnet X, Goiran C, Guillou G, Letourneur Y, “Major Sources of Organic Matter in a Complex Coral Reef Lagoon: Identification from Isotopic Signatures (δ 13 C and δ 15 N)”, in PLOS ONE, volume 10, number 7, →DOI:


flagellomere

Stone (personal correspondence) has suggested the use of the term flagellomere, on morphological grounds, instead of the usual "segments" of the flagellum […]

1968, NM Jorgensen, MT James, “Evolution of the antenna in the Stratiomyidae (Diptera”, in Annals of the Entomological Society:

Dorsa and ventral lobes of flagellomeres not symmetrical: ventral lobe slightly longer than dorsal lobe.

1999, Judith E. Winston, Describing Species: Practical Taxonomic Procedure for Biologists, A fossil insect, a new woodgnat, Valesguya disjuncta, page 221:

On various Anthemideae genera. 3 Antennae with 8, occasionally 9 flagellomeres.

2015 July 2, Dorchin N, Astrin JJ, Bodner L, Harris KM, “Morphological and Molecular Revision of the Genus Ozirhincus (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)—Long-Snouted Seed-Feeding Gall Midges on Asteraceae”, in PLOS ONE, volume 10, number 7, →DOI:

(zoology) A segment of the flagellum of the antenna of an insect or crustacean.


Solutrean

From French Solutréen, named in 1872 by Gabriel de Mortillet after a prehistoric site situated by the Rock of Solutré.

2018 Historically Speaking: The Solutrean Migration
It was deemed the explorers would have originated in Spain, France and Portugal. They must have traveled along the ice sheets in animal-skin boats, simlar to those of the the Inuits. These tribes, called Solutreans, settled in at least five separate regions surrounding Chesapeake Bay.

A member of a hypothetical Paleolithic people who migrated from Europe to North America in the context of the widely rejected Solutrean hypothesis.


antennation

en-noun

antennation (countable and uncountable, plural antennations)

Soldiers’ stridulations elicited a smaller amount of antennations, but not statistically different from those elicited by Paussus favieri single pulses or worker stridulations.

2015 July 9, “The Pied Piper: A Parasitic Beetle’s Melodies Modulate Ant Behaviours”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(entomology, of an insect) An act of antennating, or touching the antennae to another insect.

antenação

an act of touching the antennae to another insect


dorvilleid

Seep sediments had higher densities of ampharetid, dorvilleid, hesionid, cirratulid and lacydoniid polychaetes, whereas carbonates had more gastropods, as well as syllid, chrysopetalid and polynoid polychaetes.

2015 July 10, “Biodiversity on the Rocks: Macrofauna Inhabiting Authigenic Carbonate at Costa Rica Methane Seeps”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any member of the family Dorvilleidae of polychaete worms.


syllid

(zoology) Any member of the family Syllidae.


microgravette

These bags contain a number of robust microgravette points (or fragments thereof) that are more likely to belong in these periods than in the Romanellian, diagnostics of which (very small thumbnail scrapers, very narrow backed bladelets) are mostly to be found in bags with a “B-I” label.

2015 July 9, “Analysis of Site Formation and Assemblage Integrity Does Not Support Attribution of the Uluzzian to Modern Humans at Grotta del Cavallo”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(archaeology) A small projectile point (from the Stone Age)


sidescraper

(archaeology) A Paleolithic stone tool used for scraping.


postpetiole

Moreover, the beetle uses a row of scrapers (placed on the proximal abdominal segment) (Fig 1, 1B3 and 1B4 ) rather than the single scraper (placed on the postpetiole, i.e. the third abdominal tergite) used by the ant (Fig 1, 1A3 and 1A4 ).

(anatomy, entomology) The second segment of the pedicel of some ants.


cimolodontan

(zoology) Any of the suborder †Cimolodonta of extinct mammals that lived from the Cretaceous to the Eocene.


epipod

(zoology) A small projection arising from the thoracic legs of a crustacean.


allotherian

The gondwanatherian Vintana showing a combination of primitive and highly derived features recently described from the Maastrichtian of Madagascar [75 ] is another example of insular mosaicism in an allotherian mammal but from Southern Hemisphere.

2015 July 16, “Red Iron-Pigmented Tooth Enamel in a Multituberculate Mammal from the Late Cretaceous Transylvanian “Haţeg Island””, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any member of the infraclass †Allotheria of extinct mammals.


cyclorhagid

Analysis of the combined molecular and morphological data furthermore supported a cyclorhagid clade which included all traditional cyclorhagid taxa, except Dracoderes that no longer should be considered a cyclorhagid genus.

2015 July 23, “Phylogeny of Kinorhyncha Based on Morphology and Two Molecular Loci”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any invertebrate in the kinorhynch order Cyclorhagida.


anthracoptilid

Given the controversial nature of anthracoptilids around both their taxonomic affinity and their possession of raptorial forelegs, we cannot confirm whether raptorial legs were already present in stem-mantis lineages or if it is a crown-mantis apomorphy that would have been a key acquisition for their diversification, after competitors had disappeared.

2015 July 23, “Phylogeny of Dictyoptera: Dating the Origin of Cockroaches, Praying Mantises and Termites with Molecular Data and Controlled Fossil Evidence”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any member of the extinct insect family Anthracoptilidae.


shortnose

Most of them — both Atlantic sturgeons and the smaller shortnose sturgeons, also endangered but more plentiful — have been found dead along the shore, with injuries like long gashes and severed heads, suggesting impacts from boat propellers.

2015 July 21, Lisa W. Foderaro, “Group Petitions to Save a Prehistoric Fish From Modern Construction”, in New York Times:


sigmodontine

These are not minor issues because the regional extinctions of small mammals are a widespread phenomenon in southern South America and have involved several sigmodontine and caviomorph rodent species.

2015 July 24, “Regional Extinctions and Quaternary Shifts in the Geographic Range of Lestodelphys halli, the Southernmost Living Marsupial: Clues for Its Conservation”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any rodent of the subfamily Sigmodontinae


coenoecium

(zoology) A polypary; a chitinous investment or covering of a coenosarc in hydroid hydrozoans.


cornulitid

A single eroded cornulitid was found cemented to the hardground.

2015 July 29, “Bioerosion of Inorganic Hard Substrates in the Ordovician of Estonia (Baltica)”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any member of the extinct order Cornulitida of encrusting animals in the class Tentaculita.


use-wear analysis

(archaeology) A technique for identifying the functions of artefact tools by closely examining their working surfaces and edges.


tagmatization

(zoology) The active process whereby tagmosis occurs


allogrooming

We also utilize SNA to characterize the agonistic (fighting and chasing) as well as other social (sniffing and allogrooming) behavioral interactions of mice.

2015 July 31, “A Social Network Approach Reveals Associations between Mouse Social Dominance and Brain Gene Expression”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) The grooming of an animal by another member of the same species.


exumbrellar

However, high levels of AurPaxA mRNA expression were detected in individual cells that were located at the base of the exumbrellar ectoderm in a close association with the FMRFamide-immunoreactive neuronal network (Fig 4F), suggesting that AurPaxA may be involved in the development of the exumbrellar nerve net.

2015 July 31, “Gene Expression Data from the Moon Jelly, Aurelia, Provide Insights into the Evolution of the Combinatorial Code Controlling Animal Sense Organ Development”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


circumglobal

en-adj

circumglobal (comparative more circumglobal, superlative most circumglobal)

more circumglobal (comparative)
most circumglobal (superlative)

Consumer production is highest in a circumglobal band around the equator, in other upwellings in low and mid latitudes, the North Pacific and in the south Atlantic Ocean east of Argentina (Fig 2B, S2 Fig ).

2015 July 31, “Predicting Consumer Biomass, Size-Structure, Production, Catch Potential, Responses to Fishing and Associated Uncertainties in the World’s Marine Ecosystems”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(chiefly zoology) Around the world; spanning the globe.


appendicularian

(zoology) Pertaining to the class Appendicularia of tailed tunicates.


appendicularian

Consumption of appendicularians by Thunnus spp. increased with larval length to a maximum when nearly 80% of the larvae 7–11 mm body length had appendicularians in their guts, suggesting a preferential behavior for consuming this gelatinous zooplankton despite the availability of several types of prey.

2015 July 31, “Trophic Ecology of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna ( Thunnusthynnus ) Larvae from the Gulf of Mexico and NW Mediterranean Spawning Grounds: A Comparative Stable Isotope Study”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

vršenka

a member of the class Appendicularia of tailed tunicates


postflexion

This maternal signature was discernible until larvae attained postflexion stages.

(zoology) After the flexion stage of larval development.


ephemeropteran

All these habitats are species poor: aside from amphipod fauna, assellote isopods, trichopteran, plecopteran and ephemeropteran larvae, erpobdelid leeches and salamander larvae were also found, but no fishes were observed.

2015 July 31, “Morphologically Cryptic Amphipod Species Are “Ecological Clones” at Regional but Not at Local Scale: A Case Study of Four Niphargus Species”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any insect of the order Ephemeroptera, the mayflies.


hemipteroid

However, a few hymenopterans and hemipteroids do possess the ancestral insect mitogenome gene order.

2015 July 31, “The Asian Rice Gall Midge ( Orseolia oryzae ) Mitogenome Has Evolved Novel Gene Boundaries and Tandem Repeats That Distinguish Its Biotypes”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) A hemipteran or one of the closely related thrips and lice within the Exopterygota


simiiform

(zoology) Any member of the Simiiformes.


laurasiatherian

suf

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Laurasiatheria</i>

(zoology) Any member of the Laurasiatheria.


isopteran

(zoology) Any member of the infraorder Isoptera of termites.


plecopteran

(zoology) Any insect in the order Plecoptera, the stoneflies.


scolecid

(zoology) Any member of the Scolecida, an infraclass of polychaete worms.


scopelid

(zoology) Any member of the obsolete family Scopelidae of deep-sea fish, most of which are now considered to belong to the Myctophidae.


dendrobranchiate

(zoology) Any member of the Dendrobranchiata.


Nebraska Man

(historical) Hesperopithecus haroldcookii, a putative species of ape, heralded as the first higher primate of North America, but later found to have been classified incorrectly.


Central Asian Ovcharka

en-noun

Central Asian Ovcharka (plural Central Asian Ovcharkas)

(zoology) A breed of large dog usually used as a livestock guardian.


Caucasian shepherd

Caucasian shepherd (plural Caucasian shepherds)

(zoology) A dog of a large breed commonly used to guard livestock.


biodistance

Spence [23 ] reported a biodistance analysis of cranial, dental, and postcranial traits in human remains from Teotihuacan showing a preference for patrilocality.

2015 July 23, “Genetic Evidence Supports the Multiethnic Character of Teopancazco, a Neighborhood Center of Teotihuacan, Mexico (AD 200-600)”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anthropology) A measure of the biological relatedness of historical or prehistoric groups of humans


homoscleromorph

In this work we reveal the underlying cellular mechanisms used during morphogenesis accompanying ectosome regeneration in the homoscleromorph sponge model: Oscarella lobularis.

2015 August 14, “Oscarella lobularis (Homoscleromorpha, Porifera) Regeneration: Epithelial Morphogenesis and Metaplasia”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any of the Homoscleromorpha, a class of marine sponges.


scolopendromorph

(zoology) Any member of the Scolopendromorpha.


urodelous

(zoology) Relating to the Urodela (syn. of Caudata).


urodelan

(zoology) Any member of the order Urodela (syn. of Caudata); a salamander.


radicivorous

Of these, many are radicivorous, but they are easily distinguished from the Hepialideous larvae […]

1843, Henry Noel Humphreys, John Obadiah Westwood, British moths and their transformations, arranged in a ser. of […] , volume 1:

(zoology, rare) That feeds on plant roots.


archaeometallurgical

(archaeology) Relating to archaeometallurgy.


squalomorph

(zoology) Any member of the Squalomorphii, a superorder of cartilaginous fishes.


euselachian

(zoology) Any member of the infraclass Euselachii.


pedomorphosis

(zoology) The retention of juvenile traits by an adult; neoteny.


centropyxid

Here, the recovered centropyxids are also phenotypically diverse, with multiple numbers of spines that we divide into morphotypes, or variants, based on the absolute number of spines.

2015 August 20, “Thecamoebians (Testate Amoebae) Straddling the Permian-Triassic Boundary in the Guryul Ravine Section, India: Evolutionary and Palaeoecological Implications”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any amoebozoan in the family Centropyxidae.


basommatophoran

(zoology) Any member of the Basommatophora.


gruiform

en-adj

gruiform (comparative more gruiform, superlative most gruiform)

more gruiform (comparative)
most gruiform (superlative)

(zoology) Resembling the Gruiformes, an order of birds including the crane.


pectinacean

(zoology) Any of the Pectinacea, a suborder of mollusks.


paradactyl

para- + Ancient Greek δάκτυλος (dáktulos, “finger”)


mechanosensillum

Olfactory sensilla are mainly localized on the antennae, and gustatory sensilla occur primarily on the labium and maxillar and mandibular palpi, rarely on the tarsi (in some insects). In contrast, the mechanosensilla and thermo-hygrosensilla have wider distribution on the insect's body³³.

2023 January 12, Artur Taszakowski, Adrian Masłowski, Kent M. Daane, Jolanta Brożek, “Closer view of antennal sensory organs of two Leptoglossus species (Insecta, Hemiptera, Coreidae)”, in Scientific Reports, volume 13, →DOI, article 617, page 2:


corytophanine

(herpetology (saurology)) Any lizard of the genus Corytophanes


choanal

(anatomy, zoology) Related to the choana


unionoid

(zoology) Any member of the Unionida, an order of freshwater mussels.


arrhenotokous

Certain wasps and bees are arrhenotokous.

In scale insects no examples of cyclic parthenogenesis are known and parthenogenesis can be thelytokous, deuterotokous or arrhenotokous.

2015 July 9, Ilya A. Gavrilov-Zimin, Andrey V. Stekolshchikov, D.C. Gautam, “General trends of chromosomal evolution in Aphidococca (Insecta, Homoptera, Aphidinea + Coccinea)”, in Comparative Cytogenetics, volume 9, →DOI:

(zoology) Relating to arrhenotoky; producing males from unfertilized eggs.


stygobitic

We discuss the possibility that one stygobitic lineage secondarily regained some of its body pigmentation as adaptation to increased photic conditions after cave collapse and forming of cenotes during the last glacial maximum.

2015 August 27, “The Evolution of Epigean and Stygobitic Species of Koonunga Sayce, 1907 (Syncarida: Anaspidacea) in Southern Australia, with the Description of Three New Species”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Living exclusively in groundwater, such as aquifers or caves.


middle leg

(entomology) one of a leg in an arthropod that has three pairs thereof (e.g. butterflies, bees)


chrysidoid

(zoology) Any member of the superfamily Chrysidoidea.


allorubbing

(zoology) The rubbing against an animal by another member of the same species.


cutmark

The presence of cutmarks on the bones suggested cannibalism.


tranatocetid

This anatomy is superficially similar to that of Cetotheriidae and some tranatocetids were previously considered to be cetotheres and even identified as Cetotherium.

2015 September 3, “From Problem Taxa to Problem Solver: A New Miocene Family, Tranatocetidae, Brings Perspective on Baleen Whale Evolution”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any member of the family †Tranatocetidae, which is represented by the sole species †Tranatocetus argillarius, a cetacean.


monopisthocotylean

(zoology) Any member of the Monopisthocotylea, a subclass of parasitic flatworms in the class Monogenea.


epinepheline

(zoology) Of or relating to the subfamily Epinephelinae of the family Serranidae, including the groupers.


euglenozoan

(zoology) Any member of the infrakingdom or phylum Euglenozoa, a large group of flagellate protozoa.


diplectanid

There, a small probe and dissecting microscope were used to isolate diplectanids from the gills or sediment.

2015 August 12, Delane C. Kritsky, Micah D. Bakenhaster, Douglas H. Adams, “Pseudorhabdosynochus species (Monogenoidea, Diplectanidae) parasitizing groupers (Serranidae, Epinephelinae, Epinephelini) in the western Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters, with descriptions of 13 new species”, in Parasite, volume 22, →DOI:

(zoology) Any member of the Diplectanidae, a family of monopisthocotylean monogenean flatworms.


eomysticetid

(zoology) Any member of the Eomysticetidae, a family of extinct mysticetes.


yellowmouth

(zoology, in the names of fishes) Having yellow markings around the mouth.


afrosoricid

(zoology) Any member of the order Afrosoricida, a golden mole, an otter shrew, or a tenrec.


megalograptid

(zoology) Any of the Megalograptidae, a family of extinct eurypterids.


amphisbaenian

Amphisbaenians lost their legs independently of the snake lineage and belong to their own distinct part of the squamate tree.

2016 July 13, Elsa Panciroli, “How did legless worm-lizards cross the Atlantic?”, in The Guardian:

(zoology) Any member of the Amphisbaenia, the clade of worm lizards.


chasmataspidid

The sixth prosomal appendage is modified in both xiphosurids and chasmataspidids for use in locomotion or burrowing.

2015 September 1, James C. Lamsdell et al., “The oldest described eurypterid: a giant Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) megalograptid from the Winneshiek Lagerstätte of Iowa”, in BMC Evolutionary Biology, volume 15, →DOI:

(zoology) Any of the Chasmataspidida, an extinct group of chelicerate arthropods.


mixopterid

Sampling of the Carcinosomatoidea is increased, with ten species included for the carcinosomatid, megalograptid, and mixopterid clades in addition to the three sampled previously.

(zoology) Any extinct sea scorpion in the family Mixopteridae.


bernissartiid

(zoology) Any extinct crocodile-like reptile in the family Bernissartiidae.


sebecosuchian

(zoology) Any of the Sebecosuchia, an extinct group of mesoeucrocodylian crocodyliforms.


paralligatorid

If the Hungarian specimen is from a paralligatorid, then it would be the first occurrence of the group in the European archipelago.

2015, Attila Ősi et al., “An enigmatic crocodyliform tooth from the bauxites of western Hungary suggests hidden mesoeucrocodylian diversity in the Early Cretaceous European archipelago”, in PeerJ, volume 3, →DOI:

(zoology) Any extinct neosuchian crocodyliform in the family Paralligatoridae


archosauriform

(zoology) Belonging to the Archosauriformes, a clade of diapsid reptiles.


archosauriform

(zoology) Any member of the Archosauriformes.


neuropodous

(zoology) Having the limbs on, or directed toward, the neural side, meaning the nervous system is located ventrally, as in most invertebrates.


kintype

The remaining terms can be defined either by a chain of kintypes or by a succession of kinterm equivalences.

2022, David B. Kronenfeld, Types of Kinship Terminological Systems and How to Analyze Them, page 23:

(anthropology) A kin relationship expressed in terms of the specific direct relationships involved, such as "mother's brother's son" rather than the more general "cousin".


kinterm

(anthropology) A term used to describe one or more kintypes.


dolichuranic

(zoology) having a long palate; having palatomaxillary index <110


interpalatine

(ornithology) the antero-internal angle of the palatine where it rests against the sphenoid rostrum


interpterion

A 10% increase in length occurs during the third trimester, and the interpterion width increases 15%.


leiobunine

Here we test a hypothesis that diversity of reproductive structures in leiobunine harvestmen (daddy longlegs) of eastern North America reflects two sexually coevolved but non-overlapping precopulatory strategies, a primitive solicitous strategy (females enticed by penis-associated nuptial gifts), and a multiply derived antagonistic strategy (penis exerts mechanical force against armature of the female pregenital opening).

2015 September 10, “Biomechanical Diversity of Mating Structures among Harvestmen Species Is Consistent with a Spectrum of Precopulatory Strategies”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any harvestman of the subfamily Leiobuninae


eureptilian

(zoology) Belonging or relating to the Eureptilia.


eureptile

From eu- + reptile, influenced by Eureptilia.

There are, however, reasons to believe that aquatic or semiaquatic habits were more widespread among eureptiles than traditionally assumed and that the exclusion of aquatic or semi-aquatic taxa biases the analyses.

2015 September 10, “Anatomy of the Enigmatic Reptile Elachistosuchus huenei Janensch, 1949 (Reptilia: Diapsida) from the Upper Triassic of Germany and Its Relevance for the Origin of Sauria”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


pseudosuchian

Janensch considered Elachistosuchus a pseudosuchian archosaur and diagnosed it by small body size, the lack of a specialized body plan, and the presence of a large posttemporal fenestra and an alleged antorbital fenestra.

(zoology) Belonging to the Pseudosuchia.


pseudosuchian

(zoology) Any member of the Pseudosuchia.


dorylomorph

which represents another independent origin of eusociality in addition to honeybee and ants; and several additional ant species, notably the dorylomorph Cerapachys biroi which represents the second most early-branching ant species following the ponerine Harpegnathos saltator (Oxley et al.)

2015 August 12, Xiaofan Zhou et al., “Chemoreceptor Evolution in Hymenoptera and Its Implications for the Evolution of Eusociality”, in Genome Biology and Evolution, volume 7, →DOI:

(zoology) A member of a taxonomic grouping of army ants and their relatives, comprising six subfamilies Leptanilloidinae, Cerapachyinae, Ecitoninae, and the monogeneric subfamilies Aenictinae, Aenictogitinae, and genus Dorylus sensu stricto, now all placed in Dorylinae sensu lato.


lissotrichi

They are more like apes than the lissotrichi, or straight-haired men.

1891, Wood's Medical and surgical monographs, volume 9:

(anthropology, dated) Races of man with smooth hair.


maxillopod

(zoology) Any member of the class Maxillopoda of diverse crustaceans including barnacles and copepods.


diadectomorph

(zoology) Any member of the Diadectomorpha.


limnophilid

Limnophilid larvae are fitted for life in almost every aquatic situation.

(entomology) any of the caddisflies in the family Limnephilidae, formerly known as the Limnophilidae


limnophilid

(entomology) of, or related to limnophilids


chaetetid

Though widely accepted as an alga there is still debate over its taxonomic affinity, with recent work arguing that it should be reclassified as a chaetetid sponge.

2015 September 15, “Geochemical Evidence of the Seasonality, Affinity and Pigmenation of Solenopora jurassica”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) A kind of demosponge fossil composed of fused tubules.


charaxine

(zoology) Of or relating to the nymphalid butterfly subfamily Charaxinae.


leafwing

(entomology) Any butterfly of the subfamily Charaxinae.

(Australia, entomology) The butterfly Doleschallia bisaltide.


apterodontine

We can also note that apterodontines and hyainailourines often display more than two mental foramina, while hyaenodontids very rarely display more than two, and have a weak ventral concavity anterior to the angular process.

2015 September 24, “A New Large Hyainailourine from the Bartonian of Europe and Its Bearings on the Evolution and Ecology of Massive Hyaenodonts (Mammalia)”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any member of the Apterodontinae.


otophysan

For soniferous otophysans, decreased auditory sensitivity is particularly harmful because it may reduce the capacity to detect acoustic signals from conspecifics.

2015 September 24, “Stress and Auditory Responses of the Otophysan Fish, Cyprinella venusta, to Road Traffic Noise”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any of the fish of the Otophysi series within the Ostariophysi superorder, also known as the Otophysa in some classifications.


dipterology

The scientific study of flies, the Diptera.


ergatotype

From Ancient Greek ἐργάτης (ergátēs, “worker”) + -type.

uder

(entomology, taxonomy, rare) An additional type specimen chosen as a paratype to exemplify the worker caste in a hymenopteran taxon.


hymenopterology

The scientific study of the Hymenoptera.


empoascan

More work is also needed to clarify whether Empoasca onukii injures other plants besides tea, or if there are other empoascan species attacking tea shrubs in these areas.

2015 October 1, “Clarification of the Identity of the Tea Green Leafhopper Based on Morphological Comparison between Chinese and Japanese Specimens”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Belonging to Empoasca, a genus of leafhoppers.


tantulocarid

(zoology) Any of the Tantulocarida, a group of parasitic crustaceans.


telmophagous

From Ancient Greek τέλμα (télma, “pond, puddle”) + -phagous.

der

(zoology) Feeding from a pool of blood caused by tissue laceration.


mermithergate

From New Latin mermithergata, from Ancient Greek μέρμις (mérmis, “cord, string”) + ἐργάτης (ergátēs, “worker”).

The normal worker castes of Pheidole gouldi are depicted in comparison with a mermithergate: side view of the body of a mermithergate, with the Mermis nematode visible through the intersegmental membranes of its gaster […]

2003, Edward O. Wilson, Pheidole in the New World: A Dominant, Hyperdiverse Ant Genus:

(entomology) A worker ant that is deformed by parasitic nematodes.


formicivorous

Formicivorous mammals (those which feed mainly on ants) come in all shapes and sizes […]

2010, Paula Hammond, Atlas of the World's Strangest Animals, page 152:


walking marriage

en-noun

walking marriage (plural walking marriages)

(anthropology) In Mosuo culture, a relationship in which partners do not live in the same household, and their children are raised by their mothers and the mothers' families.


alcyonacean

(zoology) Any member of the Alcyonacea; a soft coral.


pennatulacean

(zoology) A member of the Pennatulacea; a sea pen.


formicivore

(zoology) Any organism that feeds on ants.


Gloger's rule

After the zoologist Constantin Wilhelm Lambert Gloger, who first remarked upon this phenomenon in 1833.

(zoology) A rule stating that, within a species of endotherms, more heavily pigmented forms tend to be found in more humid environments.


postpipe

(archaeology) The remains of an upright timber placed in a posthole.


Aubrey hole

Named after the seventeenth-century antiquarian John Aubrey, who observed them in 1666.

(archaeology) Any of a ring of early chalk pits at Stonehenge, of unknown purpose.


CBM

ceramic building material
w:ceramic building material

(archaeology) Initialism of ceramic building material.


bassarisk

(zoology) Any member of the genus Bassariscus.


oviscape

From Latin ovum (“egg”) plus scāpus (“stem or shaft”), from Ancient Greek (Doric) σκᾶπος (skâpos).

(entomology) The basal part of the ovipositor of some species of insects, typically the non-retractile sheath that remains exposed when the ovipositor is withdrawn and not in action.

(entomology) The oviscapte or ovipositor.


oviscapte

Learned borrowing from Latin ovum (“egg”) + captare (“to conduct”)

(entomology) The oviscape or ovipositor.


caimanine

(zoology) Any member of the subfamily Caimaninae within the Alligatoridae.


dactylogyrid

(zoology) Any flatworm in the family Dactylogyridae.


thylacocephalan

(zoology) Any member of the Thylacocephala.


pieridine

(zoology) Of or relating to the Pieridae, a large family of butterflies.


semicryptic

Semicryptic and cryptic species suffer less damage than species that perch in the open […]

1997, Johnny A. Waters, Christopher Grant Maples, Geobiology of echinoderms, page 20:

(zoology) Having a certain degree of camouflage.


haramiyid

(zoology) Any member of the order †Haramiyida or family †Haramiyidae.


ceratioid

(zoology) Any anglerfish of the suborder Ceratioidei, now Ogcocephalioidei.


brachydactylous

Borrowed from Latin brachydactylus + -ous.

(zoology) Having abnormally short digits.


placodermian

Furtheron the ancient agnathian and the placodermian fishes disappeared.

1984, Nikita Alekseevich Bogdanov, Palaeontology: proceedings of the 27th International Geological Congress, Moscow 4-14 August 1984:

Many organisms were affected including conodonts, ammonoids, echinoderms, trilobites, ancient agnatian and placodermian fishes, continental plant communities, ostracodes, […]

2008, Tom McCann, The Geology of Central Europe: Precambrian and palaeozoic:

It mainly affected pelagic and hemipelagic organisms (e.g. conodonts, ammonoids, echinoderms, trilobites, ancient agnathan and placodermian fishes), […]

2014, A. Gąsiewicz, M. Słowakiewicz, Palaeozoic Climate Cycles: Their Evolutionary and Sedimentological Impact:

(zoology) Of, or relating to, prehistoric armoured fishes in the class Placodermi.


dipnoid

The dipnoid fishes, which, as we have already seen, attained their maximum of development in the Devonian epoch, show us clearly enough how such a transition probably took place, […]

1918, Arthur Dendy, Outlines of Evolutionary Biology:

A concurrent elimination of sharks from fresh waters, with a countercurrent increase in the dipnoid and ganoid lungfishes, readily can be demonstrated.

1941, Clair Arthaud Hannum, Comparative Chordate Anatomy: A Laboratory Text:

During the Carboniferous some species of dipnoid fish had 30 million years to evolve into reptiles, unless new discoveries may point to other origins for reptiles.

2014, Pietro Gaietto, Phylogenesis of Beauty:

(zoology) Of, or relating to, lungfishes in the subclass Dipnoi.


hyainailourid

Hyaenodontid pterygoids are generally less developed ventrally and posteriorly than hyainailourid pterygoids (Fig 5, Feature 12; Table 1 ).

(zoology) Any extinct mammal of the family Hyainailouridae


anchitheriine

La Retama preserves an abundant fossil fauna that includes gastropods and vertebrates such as chelonians, crocodiles, lagomorphs, rodents, several carnivorans, anchitheriine equids, rhinoceroses, gomphoteriid elephants, caenotheriids, suids, cervids and palaeomerycids.

2015 December 3, “Systematics and Evolution of the Miocene Three-Horned Palaeomerycid Ruminants (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla)”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any member of the Anchitheriinae, an extinct subfamily of equids.


bipoint

(archaeology) A primitive tool that is pointed at both ends.


unipoint

(archaeology) A primitive tool with a single pointed end.


entozoan

(zoology) Of or relating to the Entozoa.


flaker

→ German: Flaker (archive fashion slang)

(archaeology, chemistry, kitchen) A tool or appliance used to break flakes off a piece of material or something into it.


interbarb

During fieldwork we observed that both species of mites usually lie along the rachis of the feather, and do not occupy the sides of the barbs (except in highly parasitized hosts), suggesting that the body length should match the interbarb width.

2015 December 10, “Niche Partitioning of Feather Mites within a Seabird Host, Calonectris borealis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


strophomenid

(zoology) Any of the Strophomenida, a large extinct order of articulate brachiopods.


pentastomid

(zoology) Any member of the Pentastomida, an enigmatic group of parasitic invertebrates


caudipterid

It is also consistent with the exhibition of less resting forelimb flexion in Caudipteridae than in other feathered theropods, because caudipterid forelimbs are shorter than those of most other feathered dinosaurs, eliminating the possibility of contact between feathers and the ground, hence also eliminating the need for tight forelimb folding.

2015 December 17, “Resting Orientations of Dinosaur Scapulae and Forelimbs: A Numerical Analysis, with Implications for Reconstructions and Museum Mounts”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any of the †Caudipteridae, a family of oviraptorosaurian dinosaurs.


mystacocarid

(zoology) Any member of the Mystacocarida, a subclass or order fo the maxillopods.


zugunruhe

Borrowed from German Zugunruhe, from Zug (“move, migration”) and Unruhe (“anxiety, restlessness”).

(ornithology, zoology) Anxious behaviour in migratory animals, especially in birds, experienced at the beginning of the normal migration period.


camallanid

(zoology) Any nematode of the family Camallanidae.


thermosbaenacean

In the case of leptostracans, brooding takes place ventrally between the mother’s thoracopods, which form a large basket holding the developing embryos, while brooding in thermosbaenaceans takes place dorsally under an enlarged part of the carapace, and that of isopods take place ventrally in a marsupium formed, probably, by modified thoracopodal epipods.

2015 December 19, “Naupliar and Metanaupliar Development of Thysanoessa raschii (Malacostraca, Euphausiacea) from Godthåbsfjord, Greenland, with a Reinstatement of the Ancestral Status of the Free-Living Nauplius in Malacostracan Evolution”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(zoology) Any member of the Thermosbaenacea, a group of crustaceans found in thermal springs.


schismogenesis

/ˌskɪzəməˈd͡ʒɛnəsəs/

Coined by Gregory Bateson, schism + -o- + -genesis.

In other instances, schismogenesis results in the breakup of the original community, but with one or both factions surviving.

2002, Susan Love Brown, editor, Intentional Community: An Anthropological Perspective, SUNY Press, →ISBN, page 142:

(anthropology) The formation of schisms or divisions.