roundhouse

Coordinate term: wheelhouse

A central stone slab cist containing the burial was surrounded by a circles of stones placed on edge, probably to represent the round house in which the deceased had lived.

2019, Alan Staniforth, Cleveland Way, page 66:

(archaeology) A prehistoric dwelling typical of northwest Europe in the Iron Age and Bronze Age.


AVM

en-noun

AVM (countable and uncountable, plural AVMs)

avian vacuolar myelinopathy
avian vacuolar myelinopathy#English

(pathology, ornithology) Initialism of avian vacuolar myelinopathy.


horse

horse (countable and uncountable, plural horses)

→ Maori: hōiho

→ Sranan Tongo: asi

→ Quiripi: hosses (from the plural horses)

From Middle English horse, hors, from Old English hors (“horse”), from Proto-West Germanic *hors, *hross, from Proto-Germanic *hrussą (“horse”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥sós (“vehicle”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run”). Doublet of car. Cognate with North Frisian hors (“horse”), West Frisian hoars (“horse”), Dutch ros, hors (“horse”), German Ross (“horse”), Danish hors (“horse”), Swedish russ, hors (“horse”), Icelandic hross, hors (“horse”).

a camel is a horse designed by a committee

a nod is as good as a wink to a blind horse

close the barn door after the horse has bolted

close the stable door after the horse has been stolen

close the stable door after the horse has bolted

lock the stable door after the horse has been stolen

lock the stable door after the horse has bolted

shut the stable door after the horse has bolted

you can't put the shit back in the horse

zeal without knowledge is a runaway horse

Also Horse harness on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

See Horse-drawn vehicles on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Note: Many of these were adapted into and/or gave their names to motor vehicle types

with the horse-drawn originals often being forgotten.

These bone features, distinctive in the zebra, are actually present in all horses.

Equus ferus caballus
Equus ferus caballus#Translingual

A hoofed mammal, Equus ferus caballus, often used throughout history for riding and draft work.

(zoology) Any current or extinct animal of the family Equidae, including zebras and asses.


uropygial

/jʊəɹə(ʊ)ˈpɪd͡ʒɪəl/

[…] [Aderyn the Bird Queen], on whose face a kind of agitated oil or sweat was spreading thinly, an uropygial secretion.

1971, Anthony Burgess, M/F, Penguin, published 2004, page 158:

(ornithology) Of or pertaining to the uropygium; on the rump.


glossa

From the Ancient Greek γλῶσσᾰ (glôssa, “tongue”). Doublet of gloss.

They wished to see what Holy would do with the glossa. “The innocent will tell no lies.” The organ eventually had been divided into nineteen sections, distributed, and ingested. “We swallow your lies and cause them to build our powers.”

2016, Dr. Jol, Suburban Brand, Charlotte Publishing Press, →ISBN:

Her swollen “button” hitting his glossa tip provided wave after wave of full body pleasure.

2016, Dr. JD Philip, “The Wedding”, in Victoria: A Pirate Romance, Charlotte Publishing Press, →ISBN, page 230:

It was his glossa, strange that; when dead men had no need to verbalize.

2018, Gloria Trubbshore, Băṭluptă, Xlibris, →ISBN:

In the Paragiina, the proximal region of the glossa is elongated, and the paraglossae are long and reach the bifid apex of the glossa.

2019, Harald W. Krenn, Insect Mouthparts: Form, Function, Development and Performance, page 452:

(zoology) The tongue, or lingua, especially of an insect.


homology

homology (countable and uncountable, plural homologies)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-homology.wav

Henri Poincaré
Homology
MathWorld
singular homology

From homo- + -logy.
In topology, first used by French polymath Henri Poincaré, in the sense (close to what is now called a bordism) of a relation between manifolds mapped into a reference manifold: that is, the property of such manifolds that they form the boundary of a higher-dimensional manifold inside the reference manifold. Poincaré's version was eventually replaced by the more general singular homology, which is what mathematicians now mean by homology.

homologia

biology, psychology: relationship of having a common evolutionary or developmental origin

The relationship of being homologous; a homologous relationship.

(anthropology) The relationship, between temporally separated human beliefs, practices or artefacts, of possessing shared characteristics attributed to genetic or historical links to a common ancestor.


polylectic

en-adj

polylectic (comparative more polylectic, superlative most polylectic)

more polylectic (comparative)
most polylectic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek πολύς (polús, “a lot of, much”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *polh₁ús (“many, much”), from the root *pleh₁- (“to fill”)) + λέγειν (légein), from λέγω (légō, “to arrange, choose, gather; to count, reckon”) (from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to gather”)) + -ic.

der

(entomology) Of or relating to an insect (especially a bee) which collects pollen from the flowers of a variety of unrelated plants.


frons

Borrowed from Latin frōns (“the forehead, brow, front”). Doublet of front.

bor

In a generalized insect the frons extends from the vertex to the frontoclypeal (epistomal) suture, between the two anterior tentorial pits.

1981, J. F. McAlpine, Manual of Nearctic Diptera, volume 1, →ISBN, page 14:

(entomology) The front part of the epicranium or head capsule of many insects; generally speaking, the area below or between the antennae and above the clypeus. Typically it lies between the genal or "cheek" areas on either side of the head.

In most blondeliines (and in most Tachinidae in general), males have a narrower frons than conspecific females […]

1985, D. M. Wood, “A taxonomic conspectus of the Blondeliini of North and Central America and the West Indies (Diptera: Tachinidae)”, in Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, volume 117, →DOI, page 9:

(entomology) (of Diptera) The postfrons.


didine

(ornithology, obsolete) A bird of the columbid subfamily Raphinae.


tunicate

Borrowed from Latin tunicatus, past participle of tunicare (“to clothe with a tunic”).

(zoology) Having each joint buried in the preceding funnel-shaped one, as in certain antennae of insects.


angiogenesis

Some of the most promising new cancer drugs block this process of ‘angiogenesis’, or blood-vessel formation.

1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial, published 2004, page 238:

(medicine, zoology) The formation and development of new blood vessels.


Arabist

(anthropology, linguistics) A scholar who studies Arab or Arabic culture, politics, or language.

arabista

a scholar who studies Arab or Arabic culture, politics, or language


skimmer

(entomology) Any of the dragonflies in the family Libellulidae.


carnivoran

...the earliest carnivoran diversity appears in the early Miocene rift sediments of East Africa...

1996, John L. Gittleman, Carnivore Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution Vol.2, page 486:

These creatures are so anatomically similar it’s proven hard to figure out their relationships, both with one another and with later carnivoran groups.

2016 November 26, Elsa Panciroli, “Rifling through the 'wastebaskets' of palaeontology reveals surprises”, in The Guardian:

(zoology) Of or pertaining to the order Carnivora.


carnivoran

(zoology) Any member of the order Carnivora.


peduncle

From Late Latin pedunculus, from pedis, genitive of pēs (“foot”).

(zoology) A collection of nerves in the appendage of an animal (such as the tip of a dolphin's tail).

hermokimppu

zoology: collection of nerves in the appendage of an animal


zooarchaeology

The study of animal remains at archaeological sites.

zooarchéologie

the study of relationships between humans and animals over time


varix

Via Middle English varix from Latin varix, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wers-. See also Old Church Slavonic врьхъ (vrĭxŭ, “top, peak”), Ancient Greek ἕρμα (hérma, “reef, rock, hill”), Lithuanian viršus (“top”).

cog

In the personid genus Distorsio, varix formation is accompanied by a reorientation of the aperture.

1995, Geerat J. Vermeij, A Natural History of Shells, page 31:

(zoology) In mollusks, a particular ridge on the shell, corresponding to a former position of the aperture.


overburden

(archaeology) A sterile stratum that lies above the stratum being investigated


stinkbug

(entomology) Any of various insects of the order Hemiptera (the "true bugs"), in the suborder Heteroptera, principally in the superfamily Pentatomoidea or Coreoidea.


camelid

(zoology) Any of a family of mammals including the camel, llama, alpaca, guanaco, and vicuña.

tevefélék

any of a family of mammals including the camel, llama, alpaca, guanaco and vicuña


homolog

/ˈhɑːməlɑːɡ/

/ˈhoʊməlɑːɡ/

Borrowed from French homologue, From Ancient Greek ὁμόλογος (homólogos, “agreeing, of one mind”), equivalent to homo- + -log.

der

cultural anthropology
cultural anthropology

Something homologous; a homologous organ or part, chemical compound, chromosome, gene, or cultural element.

(cultural anthropology) A belief, practice, concept, or artifact that has a counterpart in another culture.


otolith

From oto- + -lith, from Ancient Greek ὠτο- (ōto-), stem of οὖς (oûs, “ear”), and λίθος (líthos, “stone”).

(zoology) A small particle, comprised mainly of calcium carbonate, found in the inner ear of vertebrates, being part of the balance sense.


preform

(archaeology) The rough, incomplete and unused basic form of a stone tool.


pruinose

en-adj

pruinose (comparative more pruinose, superlative most pruinose)

more pruinose (comparative)
most pruinose (superlative)

(zoology, entomology) Covered with a very fine whitish layer of wax particles.


pinion

From Old French pignon, from Latin penna (“feather”).

(ornithology) The joint of a bird's wing farthest from the body.

An argument that he is pluckt, when hither / He ſends ſo poore a Pinnion of his Wing,

c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene xii], page 356, column 2:

(ornithology) Any of the outermost primary feathers on a bird's wing.


scolex

en-noun

scolex (plural scolices or scoleces or scolexes)

scolices (plural)
scoleces (plural)
scolexes (plural)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek σκώληξ (skṓlēx, “worm”).

The head, with the circle of hooklets and the four suckers, is then formed at the anterior part of the embryo, constituting now the scolex of Van Beneden.

1859, Robert Bentley Todd, The Cyclopædia of Anatomy and Physiology:

(zoology) The structure at the front end of a tapeworm which, in the adult, has suckers and hooks by which it attaches itself to a host.

escólex

hooked structure at the front end of a tapeworm


pedipalp

From New Latin pedipalpus, from ped-, pēs (“foot”) + palpus (“palpus”).

The defensive movements, on the other hand, involve the whole of the pedipalp being drawn in towards the midline.

1950, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London:

The pedipalp trochanter has a prominent process on its inferior surface, separated by a large area not haired nor spinulated: it serves for the allodgement of the ventral spine of the pedipalp basitarsus when the tibia closes to the femur;

(zoology) Either of a second pair of appendages near the mouth of many arachnids, variously specialized as pincers, sensory or locomotory organs.


anseriform

en-adj

anseriform (comparative more anseriform, superlative most anseriform)

more anseriform (comparative)
most anseriform (superlative)

For more than a century anseriform birds were considered to have been closely related to, and to have originated from, the game fowl of the order Galliformes.

2004, Peter F. Murray et.al., Magnificent Mihirungs: The Colossal Flightless Birds of the Australian Dreamtime:

(ornithology) Of or pertaining to birds of the order Anseriformes including ducks, geese, swans, and screamers.


submarginal

submarginal (comparative more submarginal, superlative most submarginal)

more submarginal (comparative)
most submarginal (superlative)


situla

(archaeology) A deep ceramic vase with a wide opening.

ruukku

archaeology: deep ceramic vase with a wide opening


geometer

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-geometer.wav

From Middle English gemeter, geometer, ultimately from Late Latin geōmetrēs, from Ancient Greek γεωμέτρης (geōmétrēs), from γῆ (gê, “earth”) + μετρέω (metréō, “to measure”).

(zoology) Any species of geometrid moth (family Geometridae).


shovelbum

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-shovelbum.wav

(US, archaeology, humorous) A professional excavator on cultural resource management projects, who has done extensive field work.


shovelbum

en-verb

shovelbum (third-person singular simple present shovelbums, present participle shovelbumming, simple past and past participle shovelbummed)

shovelbums (present singular third-person)
shovelbumming (participle present)
shovelbummed (participle past)
shovelbummed (past)

(US, archaeology, humorous) To excavate, to do archaeology digs.


billhook

→ Irish: bileog

→ Welsh: bilwg

Earliest use in weapon (and later, agricultural) sense, bill (“a bladed pike”) + hook; other senses formed anew from various meanings of bill.

(ornithology) (written as bill hook) A sharply pointed spike growing from the tip of the upper mandible of the hatchlings of honeyguides, used to destroy the eggs and kill the chicks of the host species.


bigmouth

(zoology) Applied to various creatures that have a large mouth.


mammalogy

en-noun

mammalogy (usually uncountable, plural mammalogies)


sublingual

Borrowed from New Latin sublinguālis, from sub- (“under, below, beneath”) + linguālis (“relating to the tongue”); equivalent to sub- + lingual.

af

(herpetology) A particular scale near the front of the lower jaw in snakes, usually in a pair.


emic

en-adj

emic (comparative more emic, superlative most emic)

more emic (comparative)
most emic (superlative)

Coined by American linguist Kenneth Pike in 1954 from phonemic.
* Kenneth Lee Pike (1982) Linguistic Concepts: An Introduction to Tagmemics, page 44: “Generalizing from phonemics, I coined the term emic in 1954.”

coin

A useful example of the emic-etic distinction may be made by comparing the concept “waves on the ocean or sea” from the perspective of a European American with that of a Truk Islander […] The proposed etics here might be that both cultures understand the use of waves as vehicles for surfing and as movement reflecting the transfer of energy […] certain differences, or emics exist, for European Americans the waves may be sources of beauty — the Truk Islander has learned to use them […] as a road map.

1996, Advanced Methodological Issues in Culturally Competent Evaluation for Substance Abuse Prevention:

In contemporary Anglophone usage, the term 'dhow' has come to refer generically and exonymically to traditional wooden vessels of the western Indian Ocean, whatever their particular forms or emic classification.

2015, John P. Cooper, Dionisius A. Agius, Tom Collie, Faisal al-Naimi, “Boat and ship engravings at al-Zubārah, Qatar: the dāw exposed?”, in Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, volume 45: Papers from the forty-eighth meeting of the Seminar for Arabian Studies held at the British Museum, London, 25 to 27 July 2014 (2015), →ISSN, pages 35–47:

(social sciences, anthropology) Of or pertaining to the analysis of a cultural system or its features from the perspective of a participant in that culture.


etic

en-adj

etic (comparative more etic, superlative most etic)

more etic (comparative)
most etic (superlative)

Coined by American linguist Kenneth Pike in 1954 from phonetic.
* Kenneth Lee Pike (1962) With Heart and Mind: A Personal Synthesis of Scholarship and Devotion, page 37: “I have coined the term etic to refer to the detached observer’s view […]”

(social sciences, anthropology) Of or pertaining to analysis of a culture from a perspective situated outside all cultures.


communistic

communistic (comparative more communistic, superlative most communistic)

more communistic (comparative)
most communistic (superlative)

communistic birds

(zoology) Living or having their nests in common.


gleaning

(ornithology) The catching of insects and other invertebrates by plucking them from within foliage, or sometimes from the ground. It may also be applied to where prey is picked off, or from within, natural and man-made surfaces such as rock faces and under the eaves of houses.


convolvulus

en-noun

convolvulus (plural convolvuluses or convolvuli)

convolvuluses (plural)
convolvuli (plural)

From Latin convolvulus (“bindweed; caterpillar”), from convolvō (“convolve”).

bor

1922, Virginia Woolf, Jacob's Room, Vintage Classics, paperback edition, page 51,
Already the convolvulus moth was spinning over the flowers.

(zoology) A species of hawkmoth, Agrius convolvuli.


Shetland sheepdog

en-noun

Shetland sheepdog (plural Shetland sheepdogs)

(zoology) A breed of small sheepdogs, originally from the Shetland Islands.


flabellum

flabellum (plural flabellums or flabella)

(botany, zoology) Any fan-shaped structure.


debitage

debitage (countable and uncountable, plural debitages)

(archaeology) The sharp-edged waste material that remains after creation of a stone tool


geometrid

(entomology) Any of the family Geometridae of moths


proleg

(entomology) An appendage of the abdomen of some insect larvae, such as caterpillars, which is used like a leg.


effuse

en-adj

effuse (comparative more effuse, superlative most effuse)

more effuse (comparative)
most effuse (superlative)

Borrowed from Middle French effuser, from Latin effusus, past participle of effundere (“to pour out”).

(zoology) Having the lips, or edges, of the aperture abruptly spreading, as in certain shells.


placental

From post-classical Latin placentalis, corresponding to placenta + -al.

We do not know exactly how many placental lineages survived to leave descendants; most estimates are around ten.

2022, Thomas Halliday, Otherlands, Penguin, published 2023, page 103:

(zoology) Pertaining to the Placentalia, comprising those mammals not marsupials or monotremes.


senior synonym

(zoology) In zoological nomenclature, a name which describes the same taxon as one or more subsequently published names.


junior synonym

(zoology) In zoological nomenclature, a name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name.


preoccupied name

en-noun

preoccupied name (plural preoccupied names)

(zoology) In zoological nomenclature, a name which is formally published, but which had already been used for another taxon; this second use is invalid (as are all subsequent uses) and the name must be replaced.


predation

predation (countable and uncountable, plural predations)

Borrowed from Latin praedātiō, praedātiōnis, from praedor (“pillage, plunder”), from praeda (“plunder, spoils”).

(zoology) The preying of one animal on others.


emarginate

en-adj

emarginate (comparative more emarginate, superlative most emarginate)

more emarginate (comparative)
most emarginate (superlative)

From Latin emarginare; e- (“out”) + marginare (“to furnish with a margin”), from margo (“margin”).

1840 Georges Cuvier Cuvier's Animal kingdom (intranslation).
In the Haliotus, Lam, the shell is perforated along the side of the columella with a series of holes; and when the last hole remains incomplete, the shell has the appearance of beiing emarginate.

(zoology, anatomy) Having a margin that has concave edges as though with parts removed or notched.


faience

en-noun

faience (countable and uncountable, plural faiences)

From French faïence, named after the city of Faenza, Italy, where it was made in the 16th century.

(archaeology) Beads or small ornaments made from frit, from the eastern Mediterranean of the Bronze and Iron Ages.


nekton

nekton (countable and uncountable, plural nektons)

From German Nekton which was coined in 1890 by Ernst Haeckel, from Ancient Greek νηκτόν (nēktón, “swimming”).

der

(zoology) All organisms in the ocean that are capable of swimming independently of currents.


homeothermic

From homeo- + thermic, from the Ancient Greek ὅμοιος (hómoios, “of like kind, similar”) in conjunction with θέρμη (thérmē, “heat”).

(zoology) Capable of maintaining a relatively constant body temperature independent of the surrounding environment.


tergum

Borrowed from Latin tergum (“back, rear; surface”).

(entomology) The upper or dorsal surface of an articulated animal such as an arthropod.


vespertine

From Middle English vespertyne, from Latin vespertīnus (“evening”).

In both forms of this interesting plant, the medium-sized spider-like flowers are closed from morning until late afternoon when they open to attract vespertine insects.

1949, John Thomas Howell, Marin Flora, page 103:

In research involving American black bears Ursus americanus, Bridges et al. (2004b) recorded activity patterns at bait sites in Virginia and found bear activity was generally vespertine but exhibited seasonal differences with bears becoming more nocturnal in the fall, possibly in response to hunting seasons and possible pursuit by bear-hounds.

2011, James D. Nichols, Camera Traps in Animal Ecology: Methods and Analyses, page 59:

(zoology, of an animal) That is principally active at dusk.


capacitation

en-noun

capacitation (countable and uncountable, plural capacitations)

(zoology) The process of altering sperm to allow them to fertilize eggs.


pupal

(entomology) Of or pertaining to the pupa stage of insect metamorphosis.


osculum

(chiefly zoology) A small opening or orifice.

(zoology, obsolete) One of the suckers on the head of a tapeworm.

I left them in that condition, and at 7 o'clock examined them again, when I found them still quiescent; but one of the two large groups of oscula and the new one were entirely closed, while the other osculum at the largest end of the sponge had opened to the extent of about one-third of its diameter, and the membrane presented the appearance of a series of lines or corrugations radiating from the centre to the circumference.

1857, J. S. Bowerbank, “On the Vital Powers of the Spongiadæ”, in Report of the 26th Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, John Murray, page 444:

Waste water was expelled through a single osculum at about 8.5 cm per second – more than eight thousand times as fast as it circulated in the chambers and 85 times as fast as it entered the sponge in the first place.

2012, Caspar Henderson, The Book of Barely Imagined Beings, Granta Books, published 2013, page 29:

2012, Sally P. Lees, April Hill, The Physiology and Molecular Biology of Sponge Tissues, Mikel A. Becerro, Maria J. Uriz, Manuel Maldonado, Xavier Turon (editors), Michael Lesser (series editor), Advances in Marine Biology 62: Advances in Sponge Science, Elsevier (Academic Press), page 30,
Oscula are also thought to arise initially from a single porocyte (Weissenfels, 1980), but how they coordinate with other porocytes to form a larger osculum is still unclear.

(zoology) The main opening in a sponge from which water is expelled.


innervate

en-verb

innervate (third-person singular simple present innervates, present participle innervating, simple past and past participle innervated)

innervates (present singular third-person)
innervating (participle present)
innervated (participle past)
innervated (past)

From in- + nerve + -ate (verb-forming suffix).

af

(anatomy, zoology) To supply (an organ or part of the body) with nerves.


flanker

Audio (US)

From flank + -er. The verb is from the noun (sense 3).

recumbent stone circle
recumbent stone circle

(archaeology) One of a pair of large upright monoliths erected on either end of the recumbent, in recumbent stone circles of Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and the counties of Cork and Kerry in south-west of Ireland.


shagreen

en-noun

shagreen (countable and uncountable, plural shagreens)

1677, Anglicized form of chagrin, from French chagrin, from Ottoman Turkish صاغری (modern Turkish sağrı).
However, the etymology of French chagrin is complex and disputed, likely of Germanic origin – whether there was any influence between an existing French word of Germanic origin and a Turkish loan is unclear.

If the shagreen dots be carefully observed they will be found to possess an annular arrangement.

1883 November 7, Edward B. Poulton, “Notes upon, or suggested hy, the colours, markings, and protective attitudes of certain lepidopterous larvæ and pupæ, and of a phytophagous hymenopterous larva”, in Transactions of the Entomological Society of London:

The shagreen of the abdominal tergites generally consists of small spinules, singly or in caudally convex arcs.

1985, “The Immature Chironomids of the Eastern United States VI. Pentaneurini-Genus Ablabesmyia”, in Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, volume 137, number 2, →JSTOR, pages 153–212:

(entomology) A rough or spiny surface of an insect's cuticle.


diapause

diapause (countable and uncountable, plural diapauses)

(biology, entomology, ichthyology) A temporary pause in the growth and development of an organism due to adverse environmental conditions (especially in insects and in the embryos of many of the oviparous species of fish in the order Cyprinodontiformes)

diapaussi

a temporary pause in the growth and development of an organism


parrot fever

(pathology, veterinary medicine) An infectious disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydophila psittaci and contracted from many species of bird.


micropyle

From French, from Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós, “small”) + πύλη (púlē, “gate”).

(zoology) The hilum of an ovum at the point of attachment to the ovary; any opening in the coverings of an ovum by which spermatozoa may find entrance.


turdiform

en-adj

turdiform (comparative more turdiform, superlative most turdiform)

more turdiform (comparative)
most turdiform (superlative)

(ornithology, rare) Of, relating to or resembling a thrush, or any other bird of the family Turdidae.


clutch initiation

en-noun

clutch initiation (plural clutch initiations)


tribrach

English tri- + Ancient Greek βρᾰχῑ́ων (brakhī́ōn, “arm”)

trefot

surveying: circular platform on three legs used to connect a theodolite to a tripod

In a recent examination of the registers of the Ryde Philosophical Society, Mr. Martin has found, as I have been informed through Mr. Westropp’s kindness, the entry, that the flint tribrach was presented to the collection by the late Dr. Martin in 1853, with other objects from Ventnor, and as having been obtained on the shore at that place.

1873, Albert Way, “Notes on an Unique Implement of Flint, Found, as Stated, in the Isle of Wight”, in The Archæological Journal, XXX, page 31:

A singular instrument chipped out of flint, like three celts conjoined…, so as to form a sort of tribrach.

1897, Sir John Evans, chapter IV, in The Ancient Stone Implements, Weapons and Ornaments of Great Britain, revised second edition, page 78:

A figure or object having three arms or branches.

(archaeology) A tribrachial prehistoric flint implement.


beauty spot

From beauty (noun) + spot (noun). Some uses of sense 1 (“thing which is beautiful”) are figurative uses of sense 1.2 (“patch on the face to heighten beauty”).

kauneuspilkku

(archaic) A thing (especially an aspect of something) which is beautiful.

(ornithology, archaic) Synonym of speculum (“a bright, lustrous patch of colour found on the wings of ducks and some other birds, usually situated on the distal portions of the secondary quills, and much more brilliant in the adult male than in the female”)


hyote

(US) A cryptid sighted in Baltimore County, Maryland, that turned out to be a mangy fox.


nuncle

From rebracketing of phrases an uncle, mine uncle, thine uncle, etc. Compare neam and naunt.
For the verb, OED suggests an evolution in sense "to claim to be one's uncle" > "to cheat". It compares this derivation with cozen, which it derives from cousin.
For the technical anthropological sense, compare nibling.

(linguistics, anthropology, in the study of kinship terminology) Aunt or uncle; sibling of a parent (regardless of gender).


cephalon

From Ancient Greek κεφαλή (kephalḗ, “head”).


pygidium

Borrowed from New Latin pygidium, By surface analysis, pygo- + -idium.

(zoology) The caudal plate of trilobites, crustacea, and certain insects.

peräkilpi

The posteriormost portion of certain arthropods


scutiform

There are similarities between the form of the central boss on scutiforms and the central setting on filigree pendants, and between the use of punched dot decoration on scutiforms and beaded wire on filigree pendants. Scutiforms, however ...

1997, Helen Geake, The Use of Grave-goods in Conversion-period England, c.600-c.850, British Archaeological Reports Limited:

... suggest that the purported depictions of bees' combs were extremely similar to what he described as four scutiforms from the cave of Altamira in Spain.

2015, Siyakha Mguni, Termites of the Gods: San Cosmology In Southern African Rock Art, NYU Press, →ISBN, page 64:

(archaeology) A symbol that is shaped like a shield.


tectiform

en-adj

tectiform (comparative more tectiform, superlative most tectiform)

more tectiform (comparative)
most tectiform (superlative)

From New Latin tēctiformis (“roof-shaped”), from tēctum (“roof”) + -ifōrmis.

(biology, anthropology) Roof-shaped; sloping downwards on two sides from a raised central ridge.


tectiform

1924, American Anthropologist, Volume 26, New Series, page 48,
The tectiforms reproduce in a remarkable manner the simple shelters, tents, and huts in use today among primitive and nomadic races in various parts of the world.

Because of their composition and the coexistence in them of meanders and tectiforms they differ from chimpanzee drawings, which are in many other ways a comparable phenomenon.

2014, David Maclagan, Line Let Loose: Scribbling, Doodling and Automatic Drawing, page 8:

Inclusion of both ideomorphs and tectiforms as proto-art, and adaptation of the images to the natural textures of the rock surfaces as proto-cinema, suggests that the need to animate and annotate go beyond mere literal representation.

2015, Molly Fuller, Robert Miltner, “Chapter 9: Land as Ekphrastic Prompt for Memoirist Prose Poems in N. Scott Momaday's The Way to Rainy Mountain”, in Sandra Lee Kleppe, editor, Ekphrasis in American Poetry: The Colonial Period to the 21st Century, page 162:

(anthropology) A type of cave painting or engraving, having in its simplest form the shape of an upward-pointing wedge or arrow, thought to represent the roof of a tent or rudimentary building.


coenurus

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek κοινός (koinós, “common”) + οὐρά (ourá, “tail”) + -ος (-os, nominal suffix).

af

(zoology) A complex tapeworm larva growing interstitially in vertebrate tissues and consisting of a large fluid-filled sac from the inner wall of which numerous scolices develop.


ternary name

Homo sapiens sapiens
Homo sapiens sapiens#Translingual

(taxonomy, zoology) A scientific name at the rank of subspecies: an expansion of a binomial name (a genus and a species) combined with the name of the subspecies; for example Homo sapiens sapiens.


columella

en-noun

columella (plural columellas or columellae)

/ˌkɒləˈmɛlə/

(malacology) In gastropods, the structure that extends down the middle of the whorls of the shell.


exopodite

(zoology) The external part of the uropod.


hibernaculum

From Latin hībernāculum (“winter quarters”).

Aeolus Cave, which is set into a wooded hillside in Dorset, Vermont, is believed to be the largest bat hibernaculum in New England; it is estimated that before white-nose hit, nearly three hundred thousand bats—some from as far away as Ontario and Rhode Island—came there to spend the winter.

2014, Elizabeth Kolbert, chapter 10, in The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, Henry Holt and Company:

(zoology) The place where a hibernating animal shelters for the winter.


stolon

(zoology) A structure formed by some colonial organisms from which offspring are produced by budding, found in bryozoans, pterobranchs, some corals, and other invertebrates.


sherd

the thigh […] which all in sherds it drove

[1611?], Homer, “(please specify |book=I to XXIV)”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., The Iliads of Homer Prince of Poets. […], London: […] Nathaniell Butter, →OCLC; republished as The Iliads of Homer, Prince of Poets, […], new edition, volume (please specify the book number), London: Charles Knight and Co., […], 1843, →OCLC:

(dated or archaeology) Alternative form of shard


mandibulate

From a substantivation of the above adjective or from Late Latin mandibula + -ate (noun-forming suffix). See also translingual Mandibulata.


fire dog

(archaeology) Bronze Age artifact used in worshipping either bulls or the moon, or as a holder for wooden logs to be used in a fire altar.


metatherian

en-adj

metatherian (comparative more metatherian, superlative most metatherian)

more metatherian (comparative)
most metatherian (superlative)

(zoology) Belonging or pertaining to the infraclass Metatheria of marsupials.


metatherian

The pouched metatherians, the progenitors of marsupials, used to be common all over North America.

2022, Thomas Halliday, Otherlands, Penguin, published 2023, page 102:

(zoology) A member of the infraclass Metatheria.


incrassate

incrassate (comparative more incrassate, superlative most incrassate)

more incrassate (comparative)
most incrassate (superlative)

From the participle stem of Latin incrassare, from in- + crassare ‘make thick’, from crassus.

(botany, zoology) Made thick or thicker; swelled out at some particular part, like the antennae of certain insects.


piratical

piratical (comparative more piratical, superlative most piratical)

more piratical (comparative)
most piratical (superlative)

From Latin pīrāticus + -al, from Ancient Greek πειρᾱτικός (peirātikós); equivalent to pirate + -ical.

(ornithology) Of a bird, practising kleptoparasitism.


felid

From feline + -id. From New Latin Felidae, from felis (“cat, feline”).

(zoology) Any member of the cat family (Felidae).


anestrus

en-noun

anestrus (countable and uncountable, plural anestri)

1993, R. E. Larsen, S. C. Denham, J. F. Boucher, E. L. Adams, Chapter 13: Breeding Season Length Versus Calving Percentage in Beef Cattle Herds, Michael J. Fields, Robert S. Sand (editors), Factors Affecting Calf Crop, CRC Press, page 191,
Duration of postpartum anestrus is the period from calving to the first estrus. This anestrus period is recognized as being a major factor in controlling the proportion of cows conceiving each breeding season (Wiltbank et al., 1961).

During anestrus the size range and numbers of ovarian antral follicles were similar to those seen during the breeding season.

2008, Sabine Meinecke-Tillmann, Burkhard Meinecke, “Chapter 14: Ultrasonography in Small Ruminant Reproduction”, in Heide Schatten, Gheorghe M. Constantinescu, editors, Comparative Reproductive Biology, Blackwell Publishing, page 352:

2011, Carole C. Miller, Carla L. Carleton (consulting editor), Anestrus, Jean-Pierre Lavoie, Kenneth William Hinchcliff (editors), Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Equine, 2nd Edition, Wiley, page 75,
Treating a mare with progesterone while she is in anestrus/early vernal transition will suppress ovarian activity.

(zoology) In female placental mammals—excluding humans and great apes—a phase of the estrous cycle during which the sexual cycle rests.


postoral

en-adj

postoral (comparative more postoral, superlative most postoral)

more postoral (comparative)
most postoral (superlative)

(anatomy, zoology) Situated behind, or posterior to, the mouth


arthropodan

(zoology) Of, or relating to, arthropods.


holaspis

A similar situation may also characterize S. wenlockiana, a species with six segments in holaspis, the smallest holaspids of which have similar glabellar lengths to those of the sixth degree meraspis of A. konincki.

2001, Jonathan M. Adrain, Gregory D. Edgecombe, Bruce S. Lieberman, editors, Fossils, Phylogeny, and Form: An Analytical Approach, page 46:

The pygidial spines are stout and direct outward in the early holaspis (Fig. 2, A-B, F), but become slender and direct inward in the late holaspis (Fig. 2, D, E).

2008, Xuejian Zhu, Shanchi Peng, Jingxun Zuo, “Revision an Ventral Structure of Guangxiaspis guangxiensis Zhou, 1977 (Trilobita)”, in Isabel Rábano, Rodolfo Gozalo, Diego García-Bellido Capdevila, editors, Advances in Trilobite Research, page 444:

The holaspis stage has a full complement of thoracic segments for the species but growth continues through further molts and maturity may not be reached until some time after the holaspis stage was reached.

2009, Michael J. Benton, David A. T. Harper, Introduction to Paleobiology and the Fossil Record, page 366:

(paleontology, zoology) A stage in the development of a trilobite at which the creature has gained its adult segmentation, but continues to molt and grow.


glabella

en-noun

glabella (plural glabellas or glabellae)

From Latin glaber (“smooth, hairless, bald”).

(zoology) The axial protuberance on the cephalon of certain arthropods (especially trilobites).


septal

(archaeology, of a stone or slab) Separating compartments in a burial chamber.


actinopterygian

The ear of all nonteleostean actinopterygian fishes (Grande and Bemis 1996) does not differ much from that of ratfish (considered by most an ancient line of cartilaginous fish), with the notable exception of the position of the ultricular macula.

1999, Bernd Fritzsch, “2: Hearing in Two Worlds”, in Richard R. Fay, Arthur N. Popper, editors, Comparative Hearing: Fish and Amphibians, page 19:

The otico-orbitotemporal region is formed by a single ossification in primitive actinopterygians but by many separate ossifications in advanced actinopterygians, expecially teleosts.

2004, Bhavna Khanna, Ichthyology Handbook, page 108:

2004, M. L. J. Stiassny, E. O, Wiley, G. D. Johnson, M. R, de Carvalho, 24: Gnathostome Fishes, Joel Cracraft, Michael J. Donoghue (editors), Assembling the Tree of Life, page 416,
The most basal of living actinopterygians are the bichirs (Polypteridae), a small group (11 spp.) of African fishes previously thought to be related to the lobefin fishes (sarcopterygians), or to form a third group.

(zoology) Any of the ray-finned fish of the taxonomic class Actinopterygii.

actinopterígio

any of the ray-finned fish of the class Actinopterygii


tumulus

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-tumulus.wav

From Latin tumulus (“mound, hill”), from tumeō (“I swell”). Doublet of tombolo.

They planted the cannon on the tumuli, sole elevations in this level country, and formed themselves into column and hollow square.

1826, [Mary Shelley], chapter I, in The Last Man. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC:

The delicate white body will be covered to-day,
The tumulus be reared, the green sod give way:
And there, oh Cynvarch, thy son they will lay.

1898, Ernest Rhys, “The Lament for Urien from the Herbest”, in Welsh Ballads:

The tumulus is one of mankind's oldest burial monuments, dating back to 4,000 to 5,000 years B.C. […] Examples of tumuli can be seen peppering the landscape all over Western Europe.

2004, Douglas Keister, Stories in Stone, Gibbs Smith, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 14:

(archaeology) A mound of earth, especially one placed over a prehistoric tomb; a barrow.


scopate

en-adj

scopate (comparative more scopate, superlative most scopate)

more scopate (comparative)
most scopate (superlative)

(zoology) Having the surface closely covered with hairs, like a brush.


Ogopogo

The ogopogo made no attempt to devour the sailboat crew, as he is reported to have done some years ago in the case of some Indians.

1930 July 19, “Mysterious Ogopogo Is Accused of Capsizing a Canadian Boat”, in The New York Times, page 17:

(Canada, cryptozoology) A large serpentlike aquatic creature, similar to the Loch Ness monster, which is said to live in Lake Okanagan, British Columbia, Canada.


cancellate

cancellate (comparative more cancellate, superlative most cancellate)

more cancellate (comparative)
most cancellate (superlative)

From Latin cancellatus, past participle of cancellare.

(zoology) Having the surface covered with raised lines, crossing at right angles.


Igopogo

The story of Lake Simcoe's monster started 11 years ago, when Wellington Charles, a fishing guide on the lake for many years, first sighted a mysterious marine animal. He described it as having a neck like a stovepipe with a face like a boxer dog. At the time, he named the thing Igopogo.

1963 July 1, “Igopogo, Simcoe Monster, Reported Sighted Again”, in The Globe and Mail, page 1:

(Canada, cryptozoology) A large aquatic creature, similar to the Loch Ness monster, which supposedly lives in Lake Simcoe, Ontario, Canada.


nahuelito

(in Argentina, cryptozoology, mythology) A large aquatic creature, similar to the Loch Ness monster, which supposedly lives in Nahuel Huapi Lake, Argentina.


Manipogo

The creature was dubbed Manipogo in 1957, from a blend of Manitoba + Ogopogo.

(Canada, cryptozoology) A large aquatic creature, similar to the Loch Ness monster, which supposedly lives in Lake Manitoba, Canada.


spray

en-verb

spray (third-person singular simple present sprays, present participle spraying, simple past and past participle sprayed)

sprays (present singular third-person)
spraying (participle present)
sprayed (participle past)
sprayed (past)

From Middle Dutch sprāien, sprayen, spraeyen (“to spray, sprinkle, spread”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *sprēwijaną (“to spray, sprinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)per- (“to sow, scatter”).
Cognate with Middle High German spræjen, spræwen (“to squirt, spray, dust, splash, straw”), Danish dialectal språe (“to open up, burst forth”), Swedish dialectal språ (“to sprout, shoot forth, burst”), Norwegian dialectal spra, spræ (“to splash, splatter, spout, burst forth”), Dutch sproeien (“to spray, sprinkle”), German sprühen (“to spray, sparkle”).

der

(intransitive, zoology) To urinate in order to mark territory.


Memphre

While there have been more than 100 reported sightings of a Lake Memphremagog creature called Memphre, a photograph submitted by two unnamed Quebec residents will not be recorded among them.

1986 October 11, “Photo of monster exposed as hoax”, in The Gazette, Montreal, Que., page F12:

(Canada, cryptozoology) A large aquatic creature, similar to the Loch Ness monster, which supposedly lives in Lake Memphremagog, Quebec, Canada.


cavate

From Latin cavātus (“hollowed out”), from cavō (“to hollow out, to excavate”).

Given the absence of other means of dating the cavates, ceramic dating was the focus of the data collection, but we also recorded vessel form.

1995, Peter McKenna, Analysis of Surface Ceramics From the Study Area:

The reader may wonder about the significance of the Ahuitzotl figure in a cavate near Los Alamos National Laboratory.

2010, Allan MacGillivray III, The Venus Calendar Observatory at Aztec New Mexico, page 135:

While the cavate was originally carved out generations, if not centuries, before 1680, the ceramics associated with its final substantial occupation (including Kapo Black, Tewa Polychrome, and Glaze F pottery) have led investigators to conclude that Pueblo people reoccupied it sometime between 1680 and 1700.

2012, Matthew Liebmann, Revolt: An Archaeological History of Pueblo Resistance and Revitalization in 17th Century New Mexico, page 140:

(archaeology) A cliffside dwelling made in the living rock by humans.


coprophage

Borrowed from Latin coprophagus, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek κοπροφάγος (koprophágos), from κόπρος (kópros, “dung”) + -φάγος (-phágos, “eater; glutton”). Equivalent to copro- + -phage.

(zoology) A living organism that feeds on feces or fecal matter.


leaf-footed

(zoology) Having feet that resemble leaves.


leaf-hopper

The prominent leaf defoliators, as the rose-chafer and flea-beetle, frequently destroy or vastly injure the crop over large districts, and the little leaf-hopper, though rarely preventing a partial crop, is so uniformly present and widely distributed as to probably levy a heavier tribute on the grape in this country than any other insect.

1898, C. L. Marlatt, The Principal Insect Enemies of the Grape, page 3:

1907, Altus Lacy Quaintance, Cornelius Lott Shear, Insect and Fungous Enemies of the Grape East of the Rocky Mountains, Farmers' Bulletin 284, US Department of Agriculture, page 19,
Throughout the United States and Canada, wherever the grape is grown, this small leaf-hopper (Typhlocyba comes Say) will almost invariably be found in greater or less numbers infesting the lower surface of the leaf, where it feeds and breeds, increasing in numbers as the season progresses, until by late summer and fall the vines are often literally swarming with it.

1933, Eubanks Carsner, Curly-top resistance in sugar beets and tests of the resistant variety U. S. No. 1, Technical Bulletin 360, US Department of Agriculture, page 3,
Attacks on the leaf hoppers with insecticides and mechanical means have, in the past, been conducted mainly in sugar-beet fields.

One of the chief failings of this species is the susceptibility of the leaves to the attack of the leaf-hopper.

2008, U. Hedrick, Cyclopedia of Hardy Fruits, page 230:

(zoology) Any insect of the family Cicadellidae.


polygoneutism

(zoology) The state of being polygoneutic


artiodactyl

/ˌɑːtɪəʊˈdaktɪl/

From scientific Latin Artiodactyla (suborder name), from Ancient Greek ἄρτιος (ártios, “even”) + δάκτυλος (dáktulos, “finger, toe”).

I have been unable to find out if these are linked in some way to the 1945 Budapest hippos, with the possibility this would create of a parallel history of Central Europe seen through the endurance of one brave African artiodactyl family.

2013, Simon Winder, Danubia, Picador, published 2014, page 397:

(zoology) Any ungulate mammal with an even number of toes and belonging to the Artiodactyla, including pigs, sheep, deer, cattle, and most grazing animals. In contrast, horses have an odd number of toes and as such are not Artiodactyla, but Perissodactyla.

Чифтокопитен

any ungulate mammal with an even number of toes


arvicole

From Latin arvum (“field”) + colo (“I inhabit”); compare Italian arvicola.

A single species, A. quasiater, is known from Mexico. Evotomys rutilus, a form very closely related to the arvicoles, inhabits the circumpolar regions of both hemispheres.

1887, Angelo Heilprin, The Geographical and Geological Distribution of Animals, page 356:

(zoology, dated) field mouse (US, Canada), vole


puddle

en-verb

puddle (third-person singular simple present puddles, present participle puddling, simple past and past participle puddled)

puddles (present singular third-person)
puddling (participle present)
puddled (participle past)
puddled (past)

From Middle English podel, diminutive of Old English pudd (“ditch”), from Proto-Germanic *puddaz (compare Low German Pudel (“puddle”), Middle High German podel (“quagmire, mudhole”), Hunsrik Puttel, dialectal German Pfudel (“puddle”), German pudeln (“to splash about”)), ultimately imitative.

onomatopoeic

imitative

(entomology) Of butterflies, to congregate on a puddle or moist substance to pick up nutrients.


telson

Borrowed from Ancient Greek τέλσον (télson, “headland”).

bor

Although Crangonya evidently comes very close to Niphargus, it appears to be a good genus, and to differ constantly from Niphargus in the more robust body and in the telson, which is always entire and never cleft as in Niphargus.

1894, Charles Chilton, “The Subterranean Crustacea of New Zealand”, in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 2nd Series, Volume VI: Zoology, Linnean Society of London, page 219:

The basic number of segments in the abdomen is eleven plus the postsegmental telson which bears the anus, although Matsuda (1976) regards the telson as a twelfth segment.

1998, R. F. Chapman, The Insects: Structure and Function, 4th edition, Cambridge University Press, page 259:

The two documented examples of telson abnormalities are on juvenile moults (Fig. 2a, b).

2022, Russell D. C. Bicknell et al., “Applying Records of Extant and Extinct Horseshoe Crab Abnormalities to Xiphosurid Conservation”, in John T. Tanacredi et al., editors, International Horseshoe Crab Conservation and Research Efforts: 2007-2020, Springer, page 88:

(zoology) The part of an arthropod or crustacean posterior to the last segment, often resembling an armored tail or tip of the tail.


stipula

en-noun

stipula (plural stipulas or stipulae or stipulæ)

stipulas (plural)
stipulae (plural)
stipulæ (plural)

From Latin stipula (“stalk, stem”). Doublet of stubble.


fall-off analysis

fall-off analysis (plural fall-off analyses)

(archaeology) A type of archaeological analysis. Finds are plotted on a map and contoured in relation to the number of finds.


schipperke

From Belgian Dutch (Flemish), but unclear at the word level.
* Conventionally taken to be schipper (“skipper”) + -ke (“diminutive suffix”), allegedly alluding to a role as watchdog and/or rodent catcher on canal boats.
* Alternatively, a mutation of scheperke, a diminutive of scheper (“shepherd, sheepdog”), referring to the breed's purported descent from an extinct larger breed of sheepdogs.
Related to the etymological debate is a longstanding informal one about whether the dog itself should be regarded as a spitz or a miniature sheepdog.
For more, see Schipperke § History on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

pedia

(zoology) A small breed of dog developed in Belgium, sometimes used as a watchdog on boats.


asili

From Swahili asili (“origin”); introduced in this sense by Marimba Ani.

Law, religion and worldview emerge from the chrysalis of the asili. In western culture, the asili is characterised by separation and universalism.

2002, Susan Hawthorne, Wild Politics: Feminism, Globalisation, Bio/diversity, page 381:

(anthropology) The central seed or "germinating matrix" of a culture.


Iriomote cat

(zoology) A small wild cat, Prionailurus iriomotensis, found only on the Japanese island of Iriomote. It has a long, dark brown coat with darker rows of horizontal spots.


coronate

Borrowed from Latin corōnātus (“crowned”), past perfect participle of corōnō (“I crown”), from corōna (“crown”).

/ˈkɒɹəˌneɪt/

/ˈkɔɹəˌneɪt/

(zoology) Having a crest or a crownlike appendage.

(zoology) Having the coronal feathers lengthened or otherwise distinguished.

(zoology, of a spiral shell) Girt about the spire with a row of tubercles or spines.


strobila

From New Latin strobila, from Ancient Greek στροβίλη (strobílē).

(zoology) A jointed series of segments of an organism, as of the body of a tapeworm, posterior to the unjointed collum.


palmed

a palmed deer

(zoology) Having or bearing a palm or palms.


headhunting

en-noun

headhunting (usually uncountable, plural headhuntings)

(anthropology) The practice of cutting off and preserving the head of one's enemy.

獵首

cutting-off and preservation of the heads of one's enemies


Lōmāfānu

(anthropology, archaeology) Copperplates on which inscriptions of Old Maldivian are found.


broch

From Scots broch, from Old Norse borg, from Proto-Germanic *burgz. Doublet of borough and burgh.

Finella's carles builded the Kaimes, a long line of battlements under the hills, midway a tower that was older still, a broch from the days of the Pictish men […].

1933, Lewis Grassic Gibbon, Cloud Howe (A Scots Quair), Polygon, published 2006, page 268:

The last man slid the bolt in the single low narrow door. The broch was impregnable then.

1972, George Mackay Brown, Greenvoe, Polygon, published 2019, page 20:

Ian's eyes rolled slowly up, as though following the rough stones of the broch upwards. 'That tower rises sixty feet from the ground,' he told me, 'and it's thirty feet in diameter, wi' three floors.'

1991, Diana Gabaldon, chapter 29, in Outlander, London: Random House:

(archaeology) A type of Iron Age stone tower with hollow double-layered walls found on Orkney, Shetland, in the Hebrides and parts of the Scottish mainland.


souterrain

From French souterrain, from sous (“under”) + terrain (“ground”).

Now when my son saw that I separated them, he secretly built this souterrain and furnished it and transported to it victuals, even as thou seest; and, when I had gone out a-sporting, came here with his sister and hid from me.

1885, Sir Richard Burton, The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night, Night 11:

(archaeology) An underground chamber or passage sometimes used as a store, especially one associated with Iron Age settlements.


fogou

From Cornish fogo (“cave”); compare vug.

Cornish fogous typically consist of a long passage with walls built up in horizontal courses of rough granite stones, typically some 40 to 50 feet long, 6 feet in height, and 5 to 6 feet in width, constructed in a deliberate curve.

2005, Ross Heaven, Simon Buxton, Darkness Visible: Awakening Spiritual Light Through Darkness Meditation, page 8:

All known fogous are associated with settlements, and their creation would have taken considerable effort, so they obviously had some function for these communities. The fogou at Carn Euny dates from the early part of the Iron Age; here it is thought that the large, stone-lined chamber, which is circular and 5 metres in diameter, was constructed first.

2008, Sarah Chapman, David Chapman, Iconic Cornwall, page 18:

2009, Patricia Monaghan, fogou, entry in The Encyclopedia of Celtic Mythology and Folklore, page 198,
Underground stone chambers found in Cornwall, believed to have been built between between 500 B.C.E. and 500 C.E., fogous appear to have been places of ritual. As there is evidence of occupation by Celts in the latter part of that period, it is possible that the fogous were built by or used by them, although evidence suggests a pre-Celtic spiritual vision.

Because as you are going to discover very shortly, what's under there is no Bronze Age chieftain, no medieval king, or whatever else you expect to find in a fogou like this.

2010, Gary Russell, Doctor Who: The Glamour Chase, page 139:

(archaeology) A Cornish souterrain, an underground, dry-stone-walled chamber open on two ends.


savaging

Aggressive behavior, by a mother animal toward her offspring


sondage

Borrowed from French sondage (“survey, sounding”).

(archaeology) A small test excavation or test pit to examine the stratigraphy of a site; a deeper investigation of a small part of a larger trench.


petrosomatoglyph

(archaeology) An impression of part of a human or animal body incised in rock


pinnule

(zoology) A part or an organ which resembles the barb of a feather, particularly the side branches on the stalks of crinoids; Any of the lateral divisions of the finger-like stalks of an encrinite.


petrosphere

(archaeology) Any roughly spherical artefact made of stone.


cowshed

K-K-K-Katy, beautiful Katy, / You're the only g-g-g-girl that I adore; / When the m-m-m-moon shines, / Over the cowshed, / I'll be waiting at the k-k-k-kitchen door.

1917, Geoffrey O'Hara (lyrics and music), “K-K-K-Katy”:


holometabolism

(entomology) The complete metamorphosis of an insect


lemniscus

lemniscus (plural lemniscuses or lemnisci)

Borrowed from Latin lēmniscus (“pendent ribbon”), from Ancient Greek λημνῐ́σκος (lēmnískos), from Λῆμνος (Lêmnos, “a Greek island Lemnos”) + -ίσκος (-ískos, “noun-forming diminutive suffix”).

af

(zoology) One of two oval bodies hanging from the interior walls of the body in the Acanthocephala.


habitus

en-noun

habitus (countable and uncountable, plural habiti or habitus or habituses)

habiti (plural)
habitus (plural)
habituses (plural)

From Latin habitus (“habit”), from habeō (“have; maintain”). The plural habiti is a misconstruction, as the Latin plural is in fact habitūs. This is reflected by the English plural habitus, which is occasionally encountered. habiti may have been influenced by Latin habitī, the plural of the participle habitus; however, it is not the etymon of the English term.

(zoology) habitude; mode of life; bearing.

[M]any species having eschariform zoaria in quiet water are able to assume the membraniporiform habitus in strongly agitated water.

1963, Alan H. Cheetham, Late Eocene Zoogeography of the Eastern Gulf Coast Region, page 30:

(zoology, chiefly invertebrates) General appearance.


staff sergeant

(entomology) A nymphalid butterfly, Athyma selenophora, of tropical and subtropical Asia.


alate

en-adj

alate (comparative more alate, superlative most alate)

more alate (comparative)
most alate (superlative)

Beetles fly, many ants send forth massive swarms of reproductive alate females and males, arachnids and insect predators emerge from their hidden refugia, and termite swarm.

2016, Justin O. Schmidt, The Sting of the Wild, Johns Hopkins University Press, →ISBN, page 113:

(entomology, botany) Having wings or winglike extensions or parts; winged.


colour sergeant

en-noun

colour sergeant (plural colour sergeants)

(entomology) A nymphalid butterfly, Athyma nefte, of tropical Asia.


transvestism

transvestism (usually uncountable, plural transvestisms)


uxorilocal

In Gogni (Chad) a Sokoro, clad in his traditional tunic, a tunic as long as a raglan coat such as a snobbishly insular Parisian might sport whilst on safari, paid a visit to a son of his who was living in Mokulu as a willing victim of an unusual (and, until now, unknown) marital status constituting a paradoxical - or, as anthropologists say, "uxorilocal" - form of subjugation.

1969, Georges Perec, translated by Gilbert Adair, A Void:


hydrophile

Hydrophiles usually retain flight capability because they must recolonize unstable habitats.

1986, James Kenneth Liebherr, Cladistic Analysis of North American Platynini:

(zoology) Any organism that thrives in the presence of water.


voluta

From Latin voluta (“a spiral scroll”). See volute.

(zoology) Any of numerous species of large, handsome marine gastropods belonging to Voluta and allied genera.


dolphinarium

dolphinarium (plural dolphinariums or dolphinaria)

dolphinariums (plural)
dolphinaria (plural)

Within these dolphinaria there is a fluctuating population of approximately 57 dolphins.

1973, Universities Federation for Animal Welfare, The Welfare and Management of Wild Animals in Captivity, page 72:

The dolphinarium's scientific research results added to its international reputation and resulted in a 1992 award by the International Marine Animal Trainers Association (IMATA).

2001, Catharine E. Bell, Lester Fisher, Laura Mizicko, Encyclopedia of the World's Zoos, volume 1, page 1215:


bridled

en-adj

bridled (comparative more bridled, superlative most bridled)

more bridled (comparative)
most bridled (superlative)

(chiefly ornithology) Having bridle-shaped marks.


arachnoid

19th century from translingual Arachnida + -oid.

/əˈɹæk.nɔɪd/

(arachnology, relational) Relating to or resembling spiders.


manubrium

en-noun

manubrium (plural manubria or manubriums)

(zoology) The tube extending from the central underside of a jellyfish and ending in a mouth.


esca

(ichthyology) The fleshy growth from an anglerfish's head that acts as a lure for its prey.


American Keuda

Initialism, from a 1980s study in the US southwest entitled Kitten Evaluation Under Direct Assessment, which sought to establish the characteristics of the ideal barn cat.

The only other breed said to have this flap is the American Keuda.

And if you aren't bored already here are some more: American Keuda, American Ringtail,[…].

2008, Vicky Halls, The Complete Cat, page 122:

This is not the first breed to be developed from street cats; as the American Shorthair, European Shorthair, and American Keuda all show.

2012, Nancy Robbins, Domestic Cats: Their History, Breeds and Other Facts, page 127:

(zoology) A domestic cat of a provisional breed originating in the United States.


Russian Blue

(zoology) A domestic cat of a breed with dense silver to grey fur.


ringlet

From ring + -let. Compare Middle English ryngyl, ryngyll, rengel (“ringlet”).

(entomology) Any of various butterflies with small rings on the wings, in the tribe Satyrini of the family Nymphalidae, such as Aphantopus hyperantus.


decapod

Borrowed from French décapode, see deca- + -pod.


decapod

(zoology) Any of various animals having ten legs or similar appendages, especially mollusks such as squid and cuttlefish.

(zoology) Any crustacean, of the order Decapoda, such as crabs or lobsters.


ampliate

en-adj

ampliate (comparative more ampliate, superlative most ampliate)

more ampliate (comparative)
most ampliate (superlative)

Latin ampliātus, past participle of ampliō (“to make wider”).

(zoology) Having the outer edge prominent; said of the wings of insects.


cygnine

cygnine (comparative more cygnine, superlative most cygnine)

more cygnine (comparative)
most cygnine (superlative)

From Latin cygnus (“swan”), with English -ine.

The genus Choristopus, Eyton, apparently Anserine rather than Cygnine, is said to possess this character […]

1869, Elliott Coues, On the Classification of Water Birds, Merrihew & Son, published 1870, page 26:

(zoology) Being of the genus Cygnus (swan), within subfamily Anserinae of the family Anatidae, though sometimes considered a distinct subfamily, Cygninae.


cirrous

cirrous (comparative more cirrous, superlative most cirrous)

more cirrous (comparative)
most cirrous (superlative)

And Ivy divided from the root, we have observed to live some years, by the cirrous parts commonly conceived but as tentacles and holdfasts unto it.

1658, Sir Thomas Browne, The Garden of Cyrus, Folio Society, published 2007, page 198:

(botany, zoology) Pertaining to cirri; having filaments, fibrous.


hyracoid

hyracoid (comparative more hyracoid, superlative most hyracoid)

more hyracoid (comparative)
most hyracoid (superlative)

(zoology) Of or relating to the hyraxes (order Hyracoidea).


ichthyosaur

/ˈɪkθiəsɔːɹ/

Any of several fishlike marine reptiles of the extinct order †Ichthyosauria of the early Triassic to the late Cretaceous period, that had a body somewhat like a porpoise.


arthropodean

/ˌɑːθɹəpɒˈdiːən/

…the tendency at present is to regard such stages as of hardly any importance at all. Then comparisons have constantly been made between Arthropodean and…

1904, Royal Irish Academy, Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, page 320:

Passing from the above vertebrate example to the old arthropodean type Periplaneta we find, as fig. 5 and the table on p. will show, that here the number of the types of gemini is reduced from six to five.

1906, John Edward Salvin Moore with Charles Edward Walker and the Liverpool Cancer Research Committee, First report on the cytological investigation of cancer, 1906, page 77:

Briefly the author endeavours to prove that vertebrates are derived directly from arthropods, that the arthropodean alimentary canal is represented by the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord, the pituitary body and embryonic pharynx represent the mouth of the arthropod, and the neurenteric canal the primitive anus.

1909, Walter Edward Collinge et al., The Journal of Economic Biology, page 20:

1955: AUTHOR UNKNOWN, Research films, p429 or 119 (sources contradict) — MENTION ONLY
(888) MANTON, S. M. The Evolution of Arthropodean Locomotory Mechanisms. Part I. The Locomotion of Peripatus. J. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) 1950, 41, 529.

…the arthropod inherited: — profuse segmentation and its segmental organs; its nervous system and sense organs, including segmental eyes from the peristome as well as from the succeeding segments; besides two pairs of eyes from the prostomium; a pair of antennae and anal cerci, besides the normal appendages, which in the interval between the polychaet and the pro-arthropod had acquired arthropodean character and were biramous; and pleura, which also are appendages, being derived from foliate lobes of…

2000, The Paleontological Society, the Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, and the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Journal of Paleontology, page 84:

(zoology) Of, resembling, or relating to the Arthropoda.


specchia

(archaeology) A megalithic pile of stones found in the Salento region of Italy.


periostracum

Literally "surrounding shell", from peri- + ostracum.

(malacology) The proteinaceous outer sheath of many molluscan shells.


ostracum

From New Latin ostracum, from Ancient Greek ὄστρακον (óstrakon, “pottery fragment; shell”).

der

(malacology) The middle layer of a molluscan shell.


partage

en-noun

partage (countable and uncountable, plural partages)

From Middle French partage, from partir (“to share”).

(historical, archaeology) The formerly standard practice of dividing up artifacts between archaeologists, their patrons, and the host territory.


eolithic

From French éolithique; from Ancient Greek Ἠώς (Ēṓs, “dawn”) + λίθος (líthos, “stone”) + -ic.

(archaeology) of or relating to the early period of the Stone Age marked by the use of eoliths.


trinomen

The subspecies (trinomen) is the only infraspecific taxon so recognized by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature... However, the category of subspecies has not been widely used in entomology, because, in most cases, the level of population differentiation within a species is not clearly determined and subspecies populations are difficult to identify.

1993 May 10, Ke Chung Kim, Bruce A. McPheron, Evolution of Insect Pests: Patterns of Variation, John Wiley, →ISBN, page 458:

(taxonomy, zoology) A scientific name at the rank of subspecies: an expansion of a binomial name (a genus and a species) combined with the name of the subspecies; for example Anopheles gigas formosus or Homo sapiens sapiens.


coleopterist

Recently, another coleopterist collected Brachys barberi—more typically a southwestern species—on Quercus harvardii (shinnery oak) at this spot.

2022 May 14, Ted C. MacRae, Cupressaceae:


patrilateral

en-adj

patrilateral (comparative more patrilateral, superlative most patrilateral)

more patrilateral (comparative)
most patrilateral (superlative)

/ˌpætɹɪˈlæt(ə)ɹəl/

Jim's blond hair is one of his patrilateral traits.

(anthropology) From kin 'on the father's side' (related to the father).


tritocerebrum

(entomology) The third set of fused ganglia comprising the insect brain.


microlith

From micro- + -lith.
In the sense of rock components, the name was suggested by Vogelsang in 1867.


pars intercerebralis

(entomology) a neurosecretory center of the insect brain, located along the anterior midline.


planate

This species has several distinctively coloured planates across the head.

The planate, measuring several kilometres across, was formed by wind erosion.

(entomology, geography) flat or flattened area.


metapodial

(anatomy, zoology) Of or pertaining to the human metacarpal bones (between the wrist and fingers) or the metatarsal bones (between the ankle and toes); of or pertaining to the equivalent bones in animals.


evolute

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-evolute.wav

(malacology) Having or being a (mollusc) spiral shell in which the whorls touch along a surface.


cubozoan

From cubo(medusa) + -zoan, after class name Cubozoa.

Sume cubozoans have truly brutal venom in their stingers, strong enough to have killed large numbers of humans.

2016, Peter Godfrey-Smith, Other Minds, William Collins, published 2018, page 35:

(zoology) Any cnidarian of the class Cubozoa, including the cubomedusae; a box jellyfish.


pleopod

From pleon (“the abdomen of a crustacean”) + -pod (“foot”).

af

Coordinate term: uropod

In decapods such as lobsters, pleopods are legs mainly used for swimming but sometimes used for brooding eggs or catching food. In some species certain pleopods of an animal may have been adapted to special functions such as reproduction.

(zoology) One of the abdominal legs of a crustacean.


cheek pouch

(anatomy, zoology) A pouch in the cheek of some animals, usually used to carry food.


swimmeret

(zoology) In decapods such as lobsters, one of the legs primarily used for swimming but also used for brooding the eggs (except in prawns) and catching food.


brachiation

en-noun

brachiation (countable and uncountable, plural brachiations)

→ Portuguese: braquiação

Species that normally move by brachiation (swinging from hand to hand while hanging from supports) or vertical leaping and clinging require substantially different cage designs from conventional quadrapedal striders even if all are of similar body weight.

1998, National Research Council (U. S.), Psychological Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates, page 23:

(zoology) Movement by swinging the arms from one hold to the next.


pterygium

pterygium (plural pterygiums or pterygia)

From Ancient Greek πτερύγιον (pterúgion), diminutive of πτέρυξ (ptérux, “wing”).

(zoology) A generalized limb of a vertebrate


ethnoscape

The landscapes of group identity — the ethnoscapes — around the world are no longer familiar anthropological objects, insofar as groups are no longer tightly territorialized, spatially bounded, historically unselfconscious, or culturally homogeneous.

1991, Arjun Appadurai, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

Is an ethnoscape preserved as a tourist attraction still an ethnoscape? In the English case, David Lowenthal suspects it is not: “The heritage landscape is less and less England, more and more 'England-land,' Europe's offshore theme park. […]

2006, Katrina Z. S. Schwartz, Nature and National Identity After Communism, page 200:

The divine command to Isaac in 26:3 to sojourn in a land promised as a future possession accents a flexible relation to the ethnoscape, one that serves ethnic identity.

2011, Elisabeth Robertson Kennedy, “Seeking a Homeland: Sojourn and Ethnic Identity in the Ancestral Narratives of Genesis”, in Biblical Interpretation Series, volume 106, page 234:

A transnational distribution of correlated people.


ethnolinguist

A scholar of ethnolinguistics; a linguistic anthropologist who studies the language of a specific ethnic group.


ethnolinguistics

linguistic anthropology
linguistic anthropology

The field of linguistic anthropology which studies the language of a specific ethnic group.


drip tip

(entomology) An elongated extension to the wall of a structure, such that unwanted water drips off, as found in the nests of some species of rainforest paper wasps.


epigyne

/ˈɛpɪd͡ʒaɪn/

From modern Latin epigynum, from Ancient Greek ἐπί (epí) + γυνή (gunḗ, “female”).

1996: This [genital] area is inconspicuous in most adult males and in immature females, but in adult females of the majority of species it is modified into a variably shaped, more or less sclerotized structure called the epigyne. — Michael J. Roberts, Spiders of Britain and Northern Europe (Collins 1996, p. 16)

(zoology) The external female sex organ in arachnids.


prosoma

/pɹəʊˈsəʊmə/

From pro- (“front”) + soma (“body”), from Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma, “body”).

The front part, called the cephalothorax (or prosoma), is enclosed within a relatively hard and unyielding chitinous shell.

1996, Michael J. Roberts, Spiders of Britain and Northern Europe, Collins, published 1996, page 12:

(zoology) The front segment of a body which is divided into two or more segments, especially the cephalothorax of an arachnid or crustacean.


book lung

In addition to book lungs most spiders also have a second respiratory system in the form of paired tracheae; Atypus has none.

1996, Michael J. Roberts, Spiders of Britain and Northern Europe, page 16:

(arachnology) A lamellate respiratory organ found in arachnids.


ommatidium

/ɒməˈtɪdɪəm/

/ɑməˈtɪdɪəm/

From Ancient Greek ὀμματίδιον (ommatídion, “little eye”), equivalent to ὄμμα (ómma, stem ὄμματ-) + -idium.

der

The ‘compound’ eyes of insects [...] are made up of large numbers of facets or ommatidia, and in this sense, our own eyes are ‘simple’.

(zoology) One of the conical substructures which make up the eyes of invertebrates with compound eyes.


cribellum

Borrowed from Late Latin cribellum, diminutive of Latin cribrum (“sieve”).

1996: some groups of spiders have a sieve-like plate, the cribellum, just in front of the spinners. — Michael J. Roberts, Spiders of Britain and Northern Europe (Collins 1996, p. 17)

(zoology) A spinning organ having many fine pores, situated in front of the spinners in some araneomorph spiders.


perfoliate

Borrowed from New Latin perfoliāta, from Latin per- (“through”) + the feminine of Latin foliātus (“foliate”).

(zoology) Surrounded by a circle of hairs, etc.


chelicera

From New Latin chēlicera, from Ancient Greek χηλή (khēlḗ, “jawbone”) + κέρας (kéras, “horn”).

(zoology) Either of the prehensile claws found on the proboscis of chelicerates (horseshoe crabs, sea spiders and arachnids).


aristate

Latin aristatus, from arista. See arista.

(zoology) Having a slender, sharp, or spiny tip.


agami

Psophia crepitans
Psophia crepitans#Translingual

(zoology) A South American bird, Psophia crepitans, allied to the cranes, and easily domesticated.

trubač agami

a South American bird, Psophia crepitans


microwear

/ˈmaɪkɹoʊˌwɛɹ/

/ˈmaɪkɹəʊˌwɛə/

(archaeology) Microscopic patterns of edge damage on stone tools, used to show how the tools were used.


caudate

From the Medieval Latin caudātus, from the Classical Latin cauda (“tail”).

(zoology) Of or pertaining to the Caudata order of amphibians.

salamanteri-

zoology: of or pertaining to the Caudata


caudate

Some caudates show caudal autotomy, in that part or all of the tail can be shed and subsequently regenerated.

1992, Martin E. Feder, Warren W. Burggren, Environmental Physiology of the Amphibians, page 291:

(zoology) Any member of the Caudata order of amphibians.


gill raker

(ichthyology) A bony, finger-like projection of the gill arch filaments of fish, used for food retention in some species.


squilla

From Latin squilla, from Ancient Greek σκίλλα (skílla).

(zoology) A mantis shrimp (Squilla mantis) or other members of the genus Squilla.

(zoology, obsolete) An insect resembling a mantis shrimp.


palmar

en-adj

palmar (comparative more palmar, superlative most palmar)

more palmar (comparative)
most palmar (superlative)

dorsal

antonym(s) of “toward the palmar surface”

Borrowed from Latin palmaris. May be decomposed as palm + -ar.

(zoology) Of or relating to the underside of the wings of birds.


-zoan

(zoology) Used to categorise animals based on their evolutionary origin, life history, growth-form or ecological preferences.


Tatzelwurm

Men had been known to quit work here, claiming that the Tatzelwurms were becoming enraged by all the drilling and explosions.

2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage, published 2007, page 736:

(cryptozoology) A worm-like cryptid reported to live in the Alps.


remiped

remiped (comparative more remiped, superlative most remiped)

more remiped (comparative)
most remiped (superlative)

French rémipède from Latin rēmi (“oar”) + ped(em) (“foot”).


remiped

(zoology) Any small arthropod (usually crustacean or aquatic) with oar-shaped feet.


arista

From New Latin arista. Doublet of arête.

The eyes of the male are separated by a distance equal to one-fourth of the diameter of the head, in the female by one-third. The frontal stripe is black, the cheeks and margins of the orbits silvery-white. The antennæ are black, the arista feathered on the upper side only.

1915, O. A. Johannsen, William A. Riley, Handbook of Medical Entomology:

(entomology) A bristle on the third segment of a fly's antenna.

Fühlerborste

a bristle on the third segment of a fly's antenna


archaelogical

archaelogical (comparative more archaelogical, superlative most archaelogical)

more archaelogical (comparative)
most archaelogical (superlative)


archeologist

(chiefly US) Alternative spelling of archaeologist


hymenopterous

(entomology) Of the order Hymenoptera; hymenopteran.


parapodium

(zoology) Any of the paired unjointed lateral outgrowths used for locomotion by worms such as annelids.

(zoology) A lateral expansion on both sides of the foot in some gastropods, often used as a swimming organ.


levirate

From Latin lēvir (“husband's brother, brother-in-law”) + -ate (adjective-forming suffix), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dayh₂wḗr (“one's brother-in-law”).

der

And it is, he says, impossible not to believe that the Levirate—that is, the practice of marrying a dead brother's widow—is derived from polyandry.

1894, Edward Westermarck, The History of Human Marriage, 2nd edition, Macmillan and Co., page 510:

It is only a secondary purpose of the levirate that the property of the deceased passes on to the one who is heir to his name, and is probably a later accretion.

1986, Claus Westermann, translated by John S. Scullion, Genesis 37-50: A Continental Commentary, Fortress Press, →ISBN, page 52:

The levirate is found in patrilineal societies in which the bride marries into her husband's family while essentially severing her ties with her original family.

2006, Gary P. Ferraro, Cultural Anthropology: An Applied Perspective, Thomson Wadsworth, →ISBN, page 219:

(anthropology) The institution of levirate marriage.


pallescent

en-adj

pallescent (comparative more pallescent, superlative most pallescent)

more pallescent (comparative)
most pallescent (superlative)

From (the present participle stem of) Latin pallēscere (“to become pale”).

[T]he spirit of black melancholy, began to set his seal on her pallescent countenance.

1818, Thomas Love Peacock, chapter 9, in Nightmare Abbey, Hookham, published 1818:

(now chiefly botany, zoology) Growing or becoming pale.


squamulose

squamulose (comparative more squamulose, superlative most squamulose)

more squamulose (comparative)
most squamulose (superlative)

From New Latin squāmulōsus (“squamulose”), from Latin squamula (“small scales”) (diminutive of squāma (“scale of a fish or reptile; item shaped like a scale, flake”)) + -ōsus (suffix meaning ‘full of, prone to’). The English word is analysable as squamula + -ose.

The stem of the mushroom is squamulose.

Fruticose lichens drape and tuft; crustose and squamulose lichens creep and seep; foliose lichens layer and flake.

2020, Merlin Sheldrake, Entangled Life, page 84:

(botany, mycology, zoology) Having small scales.


beaver dam

The lodge of a beaver, in the form of a river dam with an underwater entrance.


cucullated

cucullated (comparative more cucullated, superlative most cucullated)

more cucullated (comparative)
most cucullated (superlative)

From Latin cucullatus, from cucullus (“hood”).

They are differently cucullated or capuched upon the head and back, and in the Cicada the eyes are more prominent

1646, Sir Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica, Folio Society, published 2007, page 429:

(zoology, botany) Having a hood-like covering or component; hood-shaped.


meristic

meristic (comparative more meristic, superlative most meristic)

more meristic (comparative)
most meristic (superlative)


meristic

(ichthyology) A quantitative property of a fish, as studied in meristics.


meristics

From Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) + -ist + -ics.

(ichthyology) The counting of quantitative features of a fish, such as its number of fins or of scales.


xanthochroid

xanthochroid (comparative more xanthochroid, superlative most xanthochroid)

more xanthochroid (comparative)
most xanthochroid (superlative)

/zænˈθəʊkɹɔɪd/

(anthropology, dated) Pertaining to the Xanthochroi; having fair hair and a pale complexion.


xanthochroid

/zænˈθəʊkɹɔɪd/

(anthropology, dated) A member of the Xanthochroi.


cornicle

From Latin corniculum, diminutive of cornū.

(entomology) one of a pair of small upright backward-pointing tubes found on the dorsal side of the 5th or 6th abdominal segments of aphids


sclerenchyma

en-noun

sclerenchyma (countable and uncountable, plural sclerenchymas or sclerenchymata)

sclerenchymas (plural)
sclerenchymata (plural)

/sklɪəɹˈɛŋkɪmə/

/skləɹˈɛŋkəmə/

(zoology) The hard calcareous deposit in the tissues of the stony corals (Anthozoa).


chelonian

A reptile of the order Chelonia (Testudines).


lampyrid

(zoology) Any member of the family Lampyridae; a firefly or lightning bug


gena

Borrowed from Latin gena (“cheek”). Doublet of chin.

(zoology) The cheek; the feathered side of the under mandible of a bird.

(entomology) The part of the head to which the jaws of an insect are attached.

(entomology) The part of the head below the compound eyes of Diptera, or an analagous part of the head of larvae without compound eyes.


struthious

en-adj

struthious (comparative more struthious, superlative most struthious)

more struthious (comparative)
most struthious (superlative)

From Latin strūthiō (“ostrich”) + -ous (“relating to”).

af

(ornithology) like an ostrich or other ratite


squama

Borrowed from Latin squāma (“scale”). Doublet of squame.


squame

(zoology) The scale, or exopodite, of an antenna of a crustacean.


termen

(entomology) The outer edge of the wing of a butterfly or moth, joining the apex to the tornus.


spitter

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-spitter.wav

(herpetology, slang) Synonym of spitting cobra.


abrader

1993, Nan McNutt and Marilyn Jesmain, Passages: An Archaeology Timeline of Southeast Alaska, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Alaska Region,
5,000 years ago the people of Southeast Alaska began grinding bone on a sandy stone called an abrader to form the desired shape and sharpness.

Something that abrades; a tool or machine for abrading.

(archaeology) A primitive artifact made of sandstone used for smoothing, sharpening, or shaping.


polyadenous

en-adj

polyadenous (comparative more polyadenous, superlative most polyadenous)

more polyadenous (comparative)
most polyadenous (superlative)

(botany and zoology, rare) Having many glands.


capacitate

en-verb

capacitate (third-person singular simple present capacitates, present participle capacitating, simple past and past participle capacitated)

capacitates (present singular third-person)
capacitating (participle present)
capacitated (participle past)
capacitated (past)

(transitive, zoology) To alter sperm to allow it to fertilize eggs.


slimeball

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sley-
Proto-Germanic *slīmą
Old English slīm
English slime
Proto-Indo-European *bʰel-
Proto-Germanic *balluz
Old English *beall
Middle English bal
English ball
English slimeball
From slime + ball. Sense 1 (“a round lump made up of or coated with slime or a slime-like substance”) is a calque of German Schleimkugel, from Schleim (“mucus, slime”) + Kugel (“ball”), while sense 1.1 (“a mucus-coated lump containing the cercariae of a liver fluke”) may be a calque of German Schleimball (from Schleim (“slime”) + Ball (“ball”)).

Schleimkugel

round lump made up of or coated with slime or a slime-like substance which came from outer space

The eggs [of a lancet fluke (Dicrocoelium dendriticum)] that pass out with the manure of an infested sheep do not hatch in the open. When eaten by the snail, they hatch and finally give rise to larvae that pass out of the snail's body in gelatinous "slime[-]balls."

1957 May, J[ohn] T. Lucker, A. O. Foster, “Adult Tapeworms”, in Parasites and Parasitic Diseases of Sheep (Farmers’ Bulletin; no. 1330), Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Agriculture, →OCLC, page 38:

The cercariae contain massive glands, formerly considered to be penetration glands, but now believed to produce the slime responsible for the formation of these balls. It is likely that the slime produced by the snail itself may contribute, at least partly, to the formation of a slimeball.

1976, J[ames] D[esmond] Smyth, “Digenea: Bucephalidae, Fasciolidae, Opisthorchiidae, Dicrocoeliidae”, in Introduction to Animal Parasitology (Biological Science Texts), 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 181, column 2; 3rd edition, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press, 1994, →ISBN, page 215, column 2:

These flukes have three hosts. [...] As the infected snail crawls along it leaves slime balls containing cercaria on grass. An ant, Formica fusca, the arthropod host for D. dendriticum in the United States, is infected when it ingests the slime balls. Mammals are infected by consuming ants containing encysted metacercaria.

1995, A. M. Marty, E. M. Andersen, “Helminthology”, in Wilhelm Doerr, Gerhard Seifert, Erwin Uehlinger, editors, Tropical Pathology (Spezielle pathologische Anatomie: Ein Lehr- und Nachschlagewerk [Special Pathological Anatomy: A Teaching and Reference Work]; 8), 2nd edition, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, →ISBN, page 827:

(biology) A round lump made up of or coated with slime or a slime-like substance such as mucus.

(helminthology, specifically) A mucus-coated lump containing the cercariae (“parasitic larvae”) of a liver fluke (of the phylum Platyhelminthes).

Schleimball

mucus-coated lump of the parasitic larvae of a liver fluke


urogenital papilla

(anatomy, zoology) A tubular ending of the urogenital ducts behind the anus in teleost fish.

(zoology) A structure that is located ventral to the anus in female pigs.


Siberian crane

Baby Siberian cranes learning to fly rose briefly against the sky.

2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage, published 2007, page 870:

Grus leucogeranus
Grus leucogeranus#Translingual

(ornithology) A large white crane, Grus leucogeranus, which breeds in Arctic Russia and western Siberia.


cepheid

(zoology) Of or pertaining to the family Cepheidae


cepheid

(zoology) Any jellyfish in the family Cepheidae


paleothermometer

(archaeology) Anything found in the natural record (such as a tree ring) that can be used to deduce the temperature at some time in the past.


alula

On the wing, even the tiny “thumb feather” or alula can be seen.

2017 June 28, Hanneke Meijer, The Guardian:

(ornithology) A small projection of three or four feathers on the first digit of the wing on some birds.


sexuale

Incidentally, it may be stated that beside the sexuale mentioned above, no other sexuale of any aphid species had been known to occur in Bihar.

1976, The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, page 417:

Early mating individuals in a population producing sexuales late are more likely to mate with members of a population producing sexuales early and vice versa.

2012, A. F. G. Dixon, Aphid Ecology: An optimization approach, page 56:


brachypterous

/bɹəˈkɪptəɹəs/

By surface analysis, brachy- + -pterous.

(zoology) Having short, possibly non-functional wings.


gastrolith

(zoology) rocks which are or have been held inside the digestive tract of an animal to aid in buoyancy or food processing.


dipteran

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
Immediately from translingual Diptera + -an, for denoting taxonomic specification, as opposed to instances where "fly" is used informally. From Ancient Greek δίπτερος (dípteros, “two-winged”) + -an, from δι- (di-, “two, di-”) + πτερόν (pterón, “feather, wing”) + -ος (-os, “adjectival suffix”).

af

two, <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">di-</i>

(entomology) An insect of the large order Diptera; a fly.


dipteran

(entomology) Relating to or denoting dipterans.


cymotrichy

(anthropology) The state of having wavy hair.


cymotrichous

From Ancient Greek κῦμα (kûma, “wave”) + Ancient Greek τριχ- (trikh-), stem of θρίξ (thríx, “hair”), + English -ous.

The hair is cymotrichous: one had flat wavy hair, in 19 it was very wavy, and in 7 it was markedly curly.

1907, Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Man, Volumes 7-8, page 123:


allotype

2007, Ivana Karanovic, Candoninae (Ostracoda) from the Pilbara Region in Western Australia, Koninklijke Brill, page 182,
The allotype female has one T2 deformed (fig. 75D), while the other one is normally developed.

(zoology, taxonomy) A designated paratype of a species (or lower-order taxon) that is the opposite sex of the holotype.

alótipo

specimen that exemplifies the opposite sex of the holotype


nektonic

(zoology) Swimming independently of currents.


Chelosauria lovelli

Coined by William Saville-Kent, assistant curator at the Natural History Museum in London, who wrote an account of the creature in his book The Great Barrier Reef of Australia (W.H. Allen, London, 1893) based on Miss Lovell's accounts. The name means roughly "[Mister] Lovell's tortoise-lizard". (Reference: Malcolm Smith, Bunyips and Bigfoots: In Search of Australia's Mystery Animals, Millennium Books, 1996, →ISBN.)


moha moha

Miss Lovell's first report (quote below) spelt the creature moka moka, but in her second it was moha moha (also below).

1891, S. Lovell, "Tempus omnia monstra", in Land and Water, London, 3 March 1891 (quoted by Malcolm Smith, Bunyips and Bigfoots, Millennium Books, 1996, →ISBN, who was unable to obtain the original and so quotes from Bernard Heuvelmans, In the Wake of the Sea-Serpents, 1968, who in turn apparently quotes from Antoon C. Oudemans, The Great Sea-Serpent, 1892).
Native blacks call it 'Moka, moka' and say they like to eat it, and that it has legs and fingers.

1891, S. Lovell, "Land and Water", 25 April 1891 (quoted by Malcolm Smith from Heuvelmans etc).
The blacks, who had not seen it the day I did, named it at once from my sketch, which must, therefore, be pretty accurate, and called it 'Moha, Moha', and laughed and said, 'Saucy Fellow, Meebee' – in English, 'dangerous turtle'.

(cryptozoology) A type of sea creature reported seen by a Miss Lovell and others at Sandy Cape in South-East Queensland, Australia, on 8 June 1890. She described it as some 30 feet long with a turtle-like neck extending from a rounded body some 8 feet across, and a long fish-like tail.


annulate

Borrowed from New Latin annulatus, from Latin ānulātus.


oviposit

en-verb

oviposit (third-person singular simple present oviposits, present participle ovipositing, simple past and past participle oviposited)

oviposits (present singular third-person)
ovipositing (participle present)
oviposited (participle past)
oviposited (past)

From ovi- (“egg”) + Latin pōsitus (“placed”), perfect passive participle of pōnere (“to place”).

(intransitive, zoology or pornography) To lay eggs.


rachis

From New Latin rachis, from Ancient Greek ῥάχις (rhákhis, “spine, ridge”).

der

(obsolete, zoology, anatomy) The spinal column, or the vertebrae of the spine.

In some squid species, the pen rachis flares out into wings on either side, and the tip of the rachis grows into a thick cone.

2017, Danna Staaf, Squid Empire, ForeEdge, →ISBN, page 115:

(zoology) An anatomical shaft or axis in a marine invertebrate.

(ornithology) The central shaft of a feather.


domatium

/dəʊˈmeɪʃəm/

Borrowed from New Latin dōmatium, from Ancient Greek δωμάτιον (dōmátion, “chamber, bedroom”), diminutive of δῶμα (dôma, “house, dwelling place of animals”); akin to δόμος (dómos, “house”).

A domatium typically takes the form of a hollow under a leaf, or a system of tunnels in a thorn or stem. Ideally, it is a mutualistic adaptation and should not be confused with simple damage by a borer or gall-forming pest, although commonly there is no sharp distinction between domatia of value to the plant and galls caused by harmful aphids and mites, for example.

All are ordinary anatomical features of the plants that the ants exploit, apparently in a unilateral manner. In contrast, the domatia listed comprehensively in Table 14-1 do appear uniquely to serve as ant nests.

1990, Bert Hölldobler, Edward O. Wilson, The Ants, Harvard University Press, page 535:

Although the earliest work on mites and leaf domatia was inspired by a belief that mites protected trees from fungal disease (O'Dowd and Willson 1989), mite–fungus–plant interactions received experimental attention only recently.

2004, David Evans Walter, “11: Hidden in Plain Sight: Mites in the Canopy”, in Margaret D. Lowman, H. Bruce Rinker, editors, Forest Canopies, Elsevier (Academic Press), page 237:

Domatia and extrafloral nectaries are plant structures that provide shelter and food to predaceous arthropods and thus affect herbivorous insects only indirectly.

2005, Louis M. Schoonhoven, Joop J. A. van Loon, Marcel Dicke, Insect-Plant Biology, Oxford University Press, page 40:

(entomology, botany) A chamber produced by a plant in which insects, mites, or fungi live.

domatie

chamber produced by a plant, in which insects, mites or fungi live


gas bladder

Nicknamed a "manta" by Andromeda Initiative observers, this majestic creature has been sighted on several worlds in the Heleus Cluster. The Nexus scientists believe it may have originally evolved on a world with heavy deposits of element zero, giving it the ability to lower its mass enough to "swim" through the air. Expanding the muscular gas bladders on its underside allows the creature to rise and orient itself in flight.

2017, BioWare, Mass Effect: Andromeda (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Andromeda Wildlife: Manta Codex entry:

(ichthyology) An internal organ that fish use to control their buoyancy, allowing them to maintain or change depth by changing their density.


sterigma

en-noun

sterigma (plural sterigmata or sterigmas)

(entomology) Part of the genitalia of moths.


spurious infection

spurious infection (countable and uncountable, plural spurious infections)

(parasitology) A case in which parasites invade a host but do not succeed in colonizing it, for example merely passing through the digestive tract.


matriclan

(anthropology) A clan, with membership determined by matrilineal descent from a common ancestor.


cestode

From New Latin Cestoda, from cestus (“girdle, belt”), from Ancient Greek κεστός (kestós, “of Aphrodite’s charmed girdle”).

der

(zoology) A parasitic flatworm of the class Cestoda; a tapeworm.

絛蟲

any of various parasitic tapeworms in the Cestoda


Proto-Indo-Iranian

en-noun

Proto-Indo-Iranian (countable and uncountable, plural Proto-Indo-Iranians)

(anthropology, countable) A person who spoke the Proto-Indo-Iranian language.


Proto-Indo-Iranian

(linguistics, anthropology) Of or pertaining to the Proto-Indo-Iranian language, or the people who spoke it.


Weberian ossicle

Weberian ossicle (plural Weberian ossicles)

(ichthyology) One of a chain of small bones that connect the auditory system to the air bladder of teleost fishes.


apterous

By surface analysis, a + -pterous, or by surface analysis, aptery + -ous.

Near-synonym: flightless

The source of light was thronged by moths and apterous insects.

2019, Chigozie Obioma, An Orchestra of Minorities, Abacus (2019), page 354:


radicate

From Latin radicatus, past participle of radicari (“to take root”), from radix (“root”).

(zoology) Fixed at the bottom as if rooted.


trabecula

trabecula (plural trabeculae or trabeculas)

From Latin trabēcula (“small beam”), diminutive of trabs (“beam, timber”).

(entomology) Either of a pair of movable appendages on the head, in front of the antennae, of some mallophagous insects.


Missouri Fox Trotter

Missouri Fox Trotter (plural Missouri Fox Trotters)

From Missouri + fox trot (“an ambling gait”) + er.

(zoology, hippology) A horse of a midsized, muscular breed with an ambling gait, bred in Missouri, United States.


ixodid

(zoology) Any of various ticks of the family Ixodidae.


cave dweller

A prehistoric human who lived in caves; a caveman or cavewoman.


brachial

Borrowed from Latin bracchialis, from bracchium (“arm”). Doublet of brachialis.

The first brachials are somewhat broader than long and are not entirely in contact interiorly. The second brachials are squarish. The first and most of the second brachials bear spines […]

1950, Austin Hobart Clark, A monograph of the existing crinoids, page 33:

Cup conical, weakly developed basal flange, six arms per ray, one exotomous branching, all brachials biserial within two to five brachials of branching, cup ornamentation probably striae radiating from base of arms onto basals.

1997, Gary D. Webster, David D. Gillette, Lower Carboniferous Echinoderms from Northern Utah and Western Wyoming, page 14:

(zoology) Denoting the upper valve of a brachiopod's shell


Clovis

Borrowed from French Clovis, from Frankish *Hlōdowig, the same Germanic source as French Louis, Dutch Lodewijk and German Ludwig, see there for further information. Doublet of Louis and Ludwig.
The New Mexican city was named after a Frankish king; the Native American site and culture were named after this city.

(archaeology) A particular site that contains evidence of an early Native American culture; the culture associated with this site.


exarate

en-adj

exarate (comparative more exarate, superlative most exarate)

more exarate (comparative)
most exarate (superlative)

(entomology, of a pupa) Having the appendages free and not attached to the body wall.


obtect

obtect (comparative more obtect, superlative most obtect)

more obtect (comparative)
most obtect (superlative)

(entomology, of a pupa) Having the legs and other appendages more or less strongly cemented to the body.


phoronid

(zoology) Any hermaphroditic wormlike marine animals of the phylum Phoronida.


penguinery

(zoology) A breeding place, or rookery, of penguins.


aftershaft

(ornithology) An accessory plume arising from the posterior of the contour feathers of many birds.


milvine

milvine (comparative more milvine, superlative most milvine)

more milvine (comparative)
most milvine (superlative)

(zoology) Of or resembling birds of the kite kind.


hypoptilum

From New Latin hypoptilum, from hypo- + Ancient Greek πτίλον (ptílon, “soft feathers, down”).

af

This secondary feather is known as the aftershaft or hypoptilum, and its presence or absence constitutes the most important structural difference in the feathers of existing birds.

1924 October 30, W. DeW. Miller, “Variations in the structure of the aftershaft and their taxonomic value”, in American Museum Novitates, number 140:

The feathers in some ratites are unusual as they are less reduced than is the norm in birds—each feather has, in addition to the main feather, a large “after-shaft” or hypoptilum.

2016, Michael Heads, Biogeography and Evolution in New Zealand:


pheasantry

(zoology) A place for keeping and rearing pheasants.


owlery

Or perhaps there is now no heroic wisdom left in England; England, once the land of heroes, is itself sunk now to a dim owlery, and habitation of doleful creatures, intent only on money-making and other forms of catching mice, for whom the proper gospel is the gospel of M‘Croudy, and all nobler impulses and insights are forbidden henceforth?

1850 April 1, Thomas Carlyle, “No. III. Downing Street.”, in Latter-Day Pamphlets, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, page 93:


metabolian

(zoology, dated) An insect which undergoes a metamorphosis.


monodelphous

(zoology) Of or relating to the Monodelphia.