cold

en-adj

cold (comparative colder, superlative coldest)

colder (comparative)
coldest (superlative)

Sranan Tongo: kowru
Aukan: koo

From Middle English cold, from Anglian Old English cald. The West Saxon form, ċeald (“cold”), survived as early Middle English cheald, cheld, or chald. Both descended from Proto-West Germanic *kald, from Proto-Germanic *kaldaz, a participle form of *kalaną (“to be cold”), from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”).
Cognates
Cognate with Scots cald, cauld (“cold”), Saterland Frisian koold (“cold”), West Frisian kâld (“cold”), Dutch koud (“cold”), Low German kold, koolt, koold (“cold”), German kalt (“cold”), Danish kold (“cold”), Norwegian kald (“cold”), Swedish kall (“cold”).

faire froid (idiom in French; there is no translation for the adjective alone)

κάνει κρύο (kánei krýo) (idiom in Greek; there is no translation for the adjective alone)

хо́лодно (xólodno) (+ dative, “to be cold”)

cold enough to freeze the balls off a brass monkey

cold as a witch's tit

cold as a witch's teat, cold as a witch's tit in a brass bra

make someone's blood run cold

make the blood run cold, one's blood runs cold

A cold wind whistled through the trees.

As cold waters to a thirstie soule: so is good newes from a farre countrey.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Proverbs 25:25:

Oh cold, cold, rigid, dreadful Death, set up thine altar here, and dress it with such terrors as thou hast at thy command: for this is thy dominion!

1843 December 19, Charles Dickens, “Stave Four. The Last of the Spirits.”, in A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 137:

I had always supposed that playboys didn't give a hoot for anything except blondes and cold bottles.

1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter V, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:

The forecast is that it will be very cold today.

As fruits of hotter countries, transearthed in colder climates, have vigour enough in themselves to be fructuous according to their nature: but, that they are hindered by the chilling nips of the air, and the soil, wherein they are planted.

1904, Owen Felltham, William Henry Oliphant Smeaton, Resolves:

(of the weather) Causing the air to be cold.

She was so cold she was shivering.

(of a person or animal) Feeling the sensation of coldness, especially to the point of discomfort.

I can't believe she said that...that was cold!

River Song: (upon seeing the still-living Doctor, moments after he made her and two other friends watch what they thought was his death) This is cold. Even by your standards, this is cold.

2011 April 23, The Impossible Astronaut (Doctor Who), season series 6, episode 1:

"At the risk of sounding cold though, I'm glad he's gone. His abandonment left me in Aunt Fara's custody, and that's honestly the best thing he's ever done for me."

2015, Jocelyn Samara D., Rain, volume 3, page 237:

(informal) Without compassion; heartless; ruthless.


cold

en-noun

cold (countable and uncountable, plural colds)

From Middle English cold, colde, from Old English cald, ċeald (“cold, coldness”), from Proto-West Germanic *kald, from Proto-Germanic *kaldą (“coldness”), from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”).
Cognates
Compare Saterland Frisian Keelde (“cold”), West Frisian kjeld (“cold”), Dutch koude (“cold”), German Low German Kolle, Koll (“cold”), German Kälte (“cold”), Danish kulde (“cold”), Swedish köld (“cold”), Norwegian kulde (“cold”), Icelandic kuldi (“cold”).

Come in, out of the cold.

(uncountable) A condition of low temperature.


cold

en-adv

cold (comparative more cold, superlative most cold)

more cold (comparative)
most cold (superlative)

From Middle English colde, from Old English calde, ċealde (“coldly”), from the adjective (see above).

The steel was processed cold.


hot

en-adj

hot (comparative hotter, superlative hottest)

hotter (comparative)
hottest (superlative)

From Middle English hot, hat, from Old English hāt, from Proto-Germanic *haitaz (“hot”), from Proto-Indo-European *keHy- (“hot; to heat”). Cognate with Scots hate, hait (“hot”), North Frisian hiet (“hot”), Saterland Frisian heet (“hot”), West Frisian hjit (“hot”).

der

Relating to heat and conditions which produce it.

meleg van (the adjective cannot be translated alone in this sense)


warm

en-adj

warm (comparative warmer, superlative warmest)

warmer (comparative)
warmest (superlative)

From Middle English warm, werm, from Old English wearm, from Proto-West Germanic *warm, from Proto-Germanic *warmaz, probably from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰor-mo-s, from the root *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”), related to Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós) (in which case perhaps a distant doublet of thermos), Latin formus, Sanskrit घर्म (gharmá), or alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to burn”), related to Hittite 𒉿𒊏𒀀𒉌 (warāni, “to burn”), Armenian վառել (vaṙel, “to burn, heat, warm”), Old Church Slavonic варити (variti, “to cook, boil”).

cog

The tea is still warm.

This is a very warm room.

Warm and still is the summer night.

1863, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, The Herons of Elmwood:

It seemed I was too excited for sleep, too warm, too young.


lukewarm

en-adj

lukewarm (comparative lukewarmer or more lukewarm, superlative lukewarmest or most lukewarm)

lukewarmer (comparative)
more lukewarm (comparative)
lukewarmest (superlative)
most lukewarm (superlative)

From Middle English leukwarm, lukewarm (“lukewarm, tepid”), equivalent to luke (“lukewarm”) + warm. Compare Saterland Frisian luukwoarm (“lukewarm”), German Low German luukwarm (“lukewarm”), German lauwarm (“lukewarm”). First element believed to be an alteration of Middle English lew (“tepid”) (> English dialectal lew), from Old English hlēow (“warm, sunny”), from Proto-Germanic *hliwjaz, *hlēwaz, *hlūmaz, *hleumaz (“warm”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱal(w)e-, *ḱel(w)e-, *k(')lēw- (“warm, hot”). Cognate with Dutch lauw (“tepid”), German lau (“lukewarm”), Faroese lýggjur (“warm”), Swedish ljum (“lukewarm”), ljummen (“lukewarm”) and ly (“warm”), Danish lummer (“muggy”), Danish and Norwegian lunken (“tepid”), dialectal Swedish ljummen (“lukewarm”).

cog

Coordinate term: underwarm

Wash it in lukewarm water.

My curry is lukewarm.


cool

en-adj

cool (comparative cooler, superlative coolest)

cooler (comparative)
coolest (superlative)

→ Chinese: 酷 (kù)

→ Danish: cool

→ Dutch: cool

→ French: cool

→ German: cool

→ Hebrew: קוּל (kul)

→ Japanese: クール (kūru)

⇒ Japanese: クーデレ (kūdere)

→ English: kuudere

→ Polish: cool

→ Romanian: cool

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кул

Latin script: kul

→ Spanish: cool

→ Swedish: cool

→ Turkish: cool

From Middle English cool, from Old English cōl (“cool, cold, tranquil, calm”), from Proto-West Germanic *kōl(ī), from Proto-Germanic *kōlaz, *kōluz (“cool”), from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian köil (“cool”), West Frisian koel (“cool”), Dutch koel (“cool”), Limburgish kool (“cool”), German Low German köhl (“cool”), German kühl (“cool”). Related to cold.

inh

I like cool weather the most 'cause it's not too hot to wear a jacket but I won't be too cold in my shorts.

The day was cool and snappy for August, and the Rise all green with a lavish nature. Now we plunged into a deep shade with the boughs lacing each other overhead, and crossed dainty, rustic bridges over the cold trout-streams, the boards giving back the clatter of our horses' feet:[…].

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter VIII, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:


freeze

en-verb

freeze (third-person singular simple present freezes, present participle freezing, simple past froze, past participle frozen or (now colloquial) froze)

freezes (present singular third-person)
freezing (participle present)
froze (past)
frozen (participle past)
froze (colloquial participle past)

→ Maltese: ffriża

From Middle English fresen, from Old English frēosan (“to freeze”), from Proto-West Germanic *freusan, from Proto-Germanic *freusaną (“to frost, freeze”), from Proto-Indo-European *prews- (“to frost, freeze”).
Cognate with Scots frese (“to freeze”), Saterland Frisian frjoze (“to freeze”), West Frisian frieze (“to freeze”), Dutch vriezen (“to freeze”), Low German freren, freern, fresen (“to freeze”), German frieren (“to freeze”), Danish fryse (“to freeze”), Norwegian fryse, Swedish frysa (“to freeze”), Latin pruīna (“hoarfrost”), Welsh (Northern) rhew (“frost, ice”), and Sanskrit प्रुष्व (pruṣvá, “water drop, frost”).

cog

The lake froze solid.

1855, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, The Song of Hiawatha, Book XX: The Famine,
Ever thicker, thicker, thicker / Froze the ice on lake and river,

He got to Dawson before the river froze, and now I suppose I won't hear any more until spring.

1913, Willa Cather, “O Pioneers!”, in Winter Memories, section I:

1915, Eleanor Stackhouse Atkinson, The How and Why Library: Wonders, Section II: Water,
Running water does not freeze as easily as still water.

(intransitive, copulative) Especially of a liquid, to become solid due to low temperature.

Don't freeze meat twice.

1888, Elias Lönnrot, John Martin Crawford (translator, from German), The Kalevala, Rune XXX: The Frost-fiend,
Freeze the wizard in his vessel, / Freeze to ice the wicked Ahti, ...

(transitive) To lower something's temperature to the point that it freezes or becomes hard.

dondurmaq

to lower something's temperature to freezing point

jähmettää

cause to become (more) solid by freezing or other way

kohmettaa

It didn't freeze this winter, but last winter was very harsh.

(intransitive) To drop to a temperature below zero degrees celsius, where water turns to ice.

A faint, cold fear runs through my veins, / That almost freezes up the heat of life.

c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:

To cause loss of animation or life in, from lack of heat; to give the sensation of cold to; to chill.

palelluttaa

to cause loss of animation or life in, from lack of heat


freeze

In order to work properly, the cotton stripper required that the plant be brown and brittle, as happened after a freeze, so that the cotton bolls could snap off easily.

2009, Pietra Rivoli, The Travels of a T-shirt in the Global Economy, 2nd edition, page 38:


frozen

en-adj

frozen (comparative more frozen, superlative most frozen)

more frozen (comparative)
most frozen (superlative)

From Middle English frozen, frosen, ifrozen, variant of froren, ifroren ("frozen"; > see frorn), past participle of Middle English fresen, freosen (“to freeze”). By surface analysis, freeze + -n.

The mammoth has been frozen for ten thousand years.

The San Juan market is Mexico City's most famous deli of exotic meats, where an adventurous shopper can hunt down hard-to-find critters … But the priciest items in the market aren't the armadillo steaks or even the bluefin tuna. That would be the frozen chicatanas – giant winged ants – at around $500 a kilo.

2013 July 26, Nick Miroff, “Mexico gets a taste for eating insects …”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 7, page 32:

Having undergone the process of freezing; in ice form.


melt

en-noun

melt (countable and uncountable, plural melts)

From Middle English melten, from a merger of Old English meltan (intransitive) and mieltan (transitive), both meaning “to melt, digest,” from Proto-West Germanic *meltan and *maltijan, from Proto-Germanic *meltaną and *maltijaną, both from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meld- (“melt”). Cognate with Icelandic melta (“to digest”).

The crust (a mere 1% of the Earth's volume) is made of lighter melt products from the mantle.

2012, Chinle Miller, In Mesozoic Lands: The Mesozoic Geology of Arches and Canyonlands National Parks, Kindle edition:

Molten material, the product of melting.


boiling

boiling (countable and uncountable, plural boilings)

(uncountable, countable) The process of changing the state of a substance from liquid to gas by heating it to its boiling point.


boiling

en-adj

boiling (comparative more boiling, superlative most boiling)

more boiling (comparative)
most boiling (superlative)

I’m boiling – can’t we open a window?

(informal, hyperbolic) Of a person: feeling uncomfortably hot.

It’s boiling out today!

(informal, hyperbolic) Of the weather: very hot.


thermometer

→ Bengali: থার্মমিটার (tharmomiṭar)

Borrowed from French thermomètre; equivalent to thermo- + -meter.

Towards the following morning, the thermometer fell to 5°; and at daylight, there was not an atom of water to be seen in any direction.

1835, John Ross, James Clark Ross, Narrative of a Second Voyage in Search of a North-west Passage …, Volume 1, pages 284–5:

On the wall were hanging thermometers, barometers, and hydrometers, and every other sort of ometer, numberless, dusty, and mysterious; […]

1843, John Holmes Agnew, Eclectic Museum of Foreign Literature, Science and Art:

Elsewhere, professionals could enthuse over new precision instruments capable, for instance, of measuring weights down to a tenth of a milligram, or over a host of self-registering thermometers and barometers, microscopes, typewriters, calculators and all sorts of technical and musical devices, including automatic concertinas, edeophones, auto-harps, bigophones and other long-forgotten objects.

1978, Jan Romein, The Watershed of Two Eras: Europe in 1900, page 303:

The brothers had thrust the thermometer between two circuit boards in order to look for hot spots inside m zero. The thermometer’s dial was marked “Beef Rare—Ham—Beef Med—Pork.” “You want to keep the machine below ‘Pork,’” Gregory remarked.

1992 March 2, Richard Preston, “The Mountains of Pi”, in The New Yorker:

An apparatus used to measure temperature.

เทอร์มอมิเตอร์

təə-mɔɔ-mí-dtə̂ə

the thermometer is pointing to 7 degrees


heatwave

On a hot summer's day, one can literally see heatwaves shimmering off the surfaces of inanimate objects.

2021, Murray du Plessis, Modern Meditations: 101 Ways to Slow Down & Connect to Spirit:


tepid

tepid (comparative more tepid, superlative most tepid)

more tepid (comparative)
most tepid (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin tepidus. Cognate with Sanskrit tap-, Proto-Slavic *teplъ.

I'm drinking a cup of tepid water.

He gave me a tepid response to the proposal.

The erratic behaviour of Hariri now is largely explained by the fact that his best days may be behind him, given his long absences from the country for security reasons, his declining Saudi business interests, some local challenges to his tepid leadership in recent municipal elections, and his decline in stature in the eyes of his Saudi backers.

2016 October 22, Rami G Khouri, “Lebanese oligarchy preserves its interests once again”, in Aljazeera:

Uninterested; exhibiting little passion or eagerness; lukewarm.


degree

From Middle English degre, borrowed from Old French degré (French: degré), itself from Latin gradus, with the prefix de-.

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class I § 26. Degree

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class I § 31. Greatness

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class I § 32. Smallness

212 degrees Fahrenheit is equal to 100 degrees Celsius.

Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.

(physics) A unit of measurement of temperature on any of several scales, such as Celsius or Fahrenheit.


heat

en-noun

heat (countable and uncountable, plural heats)

From Middle English hete, from Old English hǣtu, from Proto-West Germanic *haitī, from Proto-Germanic *haitį̄ (“heat”), from Proto-Indo-European *keHy- (“heat; hot”). Cognate with Scots hete (“heat”), North Frisian hiet (“heat”), Old High German heizī (“heat”). Related also to Dutch hitte (“heat”), German Hitze (“heat”), Swedish hetta (“heat”), Icelandic hiti (“heat”).

op hitte

condition where a mammal is aroused sexually or where it is especially fertile

The chili sauce gave the dish heat.

(uncountable) An attribute of a spice that causes a burning sensation in the mouth.

pikante

I can make a scroll like that in a single heat.

The smiths themselves were a grand lot of fellows, full of a robust, and sometimes Rabelaisian sense of humour, and between "heats," they could be most entertaining.

1945 January and February, A Former Pupil, “Some Memories of Crewe Works—III”, in Railway Magazine, page 13:

(countable) One cycle of bringing metal to maximum temperature and working it until it is too cool to work further.

verhitting

one cycle of bringing metal to maximum temperature and working it until it is too cool to work further

I'm freezing; could you turn on the heat?

(uncountable) Heating system; a system that raises the temperature of a room or building.


heat

en-verb

heat (third-person singular simple present heats, present participle heating, simple past and past participle heated or (dialectal) het)

heats (present singular third-person)
heating (participle present)
heated (participle past)
heated (past)
het (dialectal participle past)
het (dialectal past)

From Middle English heten, from Old English hǣtan (“to heat; become hot”), from Proto-Germanic *haitijaną (“to heat, make hot”).

inh

I'll heat up the water.

(transitive) To cause an increase in temperature of (an object or space); to cause to become hot (often with "up").

verhit

to cause an increase in temperature of an object or space

Ile leaue you my ſweete Ladie, for a while, pray walke ſoftly, doe not heate your bloud, what, I muſt haue care of you.

c. 1607–1608 (date written), William Shakespeare, [George Wilkins?], The Late, and Much Admired Play, Called Pericles, Prince of Tyre. […], London: […] [William White and Thomas Creede] for Henry Gosson, […], published 1609, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:

(transitive, figurative) To excite or make hot by action or emotion; to make feverish.


red-hot

(dated, US) Alternative spelling of red hot


heater

→ Japanese: ヒーター (hītā)

Turn on the heater; I'm cold.

“First you've got to sit up and go into the tackroom, because you are soaking wet. And shivering.” […] The tackroom was cold, so Sam turned on the kerosene heater and found a wool cooler and wrapped her in it.

2001, Jane Smiley, Horse Heaven, New York, NY: Ballantine Books, →ISBN, page 61:

A device that produces and radiates heat, typically to raise the temperature of a room or building.


thermo-

From Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós, “warm, hot”).


absolute zero

(physics) The coldest possible temperature, zero on the Kelvin scale, or approximately −273.15 °C, −459.67 °F; total absence of heat; temperature at which motion of all molecules would cease.


baking

From Middle English bakynge; equivalent to bake + -ing.

I’m baking—could you open the window?

The car was baking after having been parked in the sun the whole afternoon.

(figuratively) Of a person, an object, or the weather: very hot; boiling, broiling, roasting.


cauma

Borrowed from Latin cauma (“heat”), from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma, “heat, especially of the sun”). Probably a doublet of calm.


frigid

en-adj

frigid (comparative more frigid or frigider, superlative most frigid or frigidest)

more frigid (comparative)
frigider (comparative)
most frigid (superlative)
frigidest (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin frīgidus (“cold”), from frīgeō (“I am cold”), from frīgus (“cold, coldness”), from Proto-Indo-European *sríHgos.

A frigid, fine rain was falling.

1961 November 10, Joseph Heller, “The Eternal City”, in Catch-22 […], New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC, page 427:

Reindeer are well suited to the taiga’s frigid winters. They can maintain a thermogradient between body core and the environment of up to 100 degrees, in part because of insulation provided by their fur, and in part because of counter-current vascular heat exchange systems in their legs and nasal passages.

2013 March 13, Nancy Langston, “Mining the Boreal North”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 2, archived from the original on 2016-04-13, page 98:

Chilly in manner; lacking affection or zeal; impassive.

студен

chilly in manner; lacking affection or zeal; impassive


Celsius

Named after Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744), who first proposed the centigrade scale in 1742. The surname is Latinized from the estate's name, Latin celsus (“mound”).

named-after

Related to a metric temperature scale, originally defined as having the freezing point of water as 0 degrees and its boiling point as 100 degrees, at standard atmospheric pressure. The standardized definition has 0.01 °C as the triple point of water, and a difference in temperature of 1 °C corresponds to ¹⁄_(273.16) of the difference in temperature between the triple point and the absolute zero.

سِيلْزْيُوس

related to a metric scale of temperature


nippy

en-adj

nippy (comparative nippier, superlative nippiest)

nippier (comparative)
nippiest (superlative)

Gosh, it's a bit nippy today: I'd better wear my gloves.

Raj took a deep breath, and reached out to give Armitage the gentlest little stroke. “It’s nippy out. Let’s take him inside.”

2012, David Walliams [pseudonym; David Edward Williams], Ratburger, London: HarperCollins Children’s Books, →ISBN:


algid

algid (comparative more algid, superlative most algid)

more algid (comparative)
most algid (superlative)

Probably borrowed from Latin algidus (“cold”).

algid malaria

1875 March 15, J. C. Morgan, More on Typho-Malarial Fever, United States Medical Investigator, New Series, Volume 1, No. 6, page 261,
[…] with cold sweat, blueness, stupidity, no heat, no sort of reaction or remission, intense venous congestion in divers organs, getting steadily worse and worse, more and more algid, wet, and stupid, with death in thirty-six hours.

The coldest, most algid moments of this savage industrialization, commanded by the Robber Barons (Josephson 1962), were featured in a recent book on the expansionary experience of the railroads, which by 1900, had already built 193,000 miles of track:

2002, Eduardo Ibarro-Caldo, “Chapter 8: Organizational paradoxes and business ethics: In search of new modes of existence”, in Stewart Clegg, editor, Management and Organization Paradoxes, page 268:

Having such a large amount of skin touching the glass (her feet and her rear) while it grew more and more algid was getting to be quite arrestive.

2013, Troy Theisen, House of Dred, page 194:

(medicine) Cold, chilly; used of low body temperature, especially in connection with certain diseases such as malaria and cholera.


compensation

en-noun

compensation (countable and uncountable, plural compensations)

From Middle English compensacioun, from Old French compensacion, from Latin compensātiōnem, accusative singular of compensātiō.

The relationship between air temperature outside a building and a calculated target temperature for provision of air or water to contained rooms or spaces for the purpose of efficient heating. In building control systems, the compensation curve is defined to a compensator for this purpose.


thaw

en-verb

thaw (third-person singular simple present thaws, present participle thawing, simple past and past participle thawed)

thaws (present singular third-person)
thawing (participle present)
thawed (participle past)
thawed (past)

From Middle English thowen, thawen, from Old English þāwian, from Proto-West Germanic *þauwjan, from Proto-Germanic *þawjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *teh₂- (“to melt”).

the ice thaws

(intransitive) To gradually melt, dissolve, or become fluid; to soften from frozen.

It's beginning to thaw.

(impersonal, intransitive) To become sufficiently warm to melt ice and snow, said in reference to the weather.

Mor. Miſlike me not for my complexion, / The ſhadowed liuerie of the burniſht ſunne, / To whom I am a neighbour,and neere bred. / Bring me the faireſt creature North-ward borne, / Where Phœbus fire ſcarce thawes the yſicles, / And let vs make inciſion for your loue, / To proue whoſe blood is reddeſt,his or mine.

c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], page 167:

The frame of burnish'd steel, that cast a glare / From far, and seemed to thaw the freezing air.

1700, [John] Dryden, “Palamon and Arcite: Or, The Knight’s Tale. In Three Books.”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

(transitive) To gradually cause frozen things (such as earth, snow, ice) to melt, soften, or dissolve.

أَذَابَ

to cause frozen things to melt, soften, or dissolve


thaw

The melting of ice, snow, or other frozen or congealed matter; the transformation of ice or the like into the state of a fluid; liquefaction by heat of anything congealed by frost

jigãrditsã

the melting of ice, snow or other congealed matter

raging floods pursue their hasty thaw; / Our thaw was mild , the cold not chased away

a period of weather warm enough to melt that which is frozen


hypothermia

en-noun

hypothermia (countable and uncountable, plural hypothermias)

→ Japanese: ハイポサーミア

→ Turkish: hipotermiya

/ˌhaɪpəʊˈθɜː(ɹ)mi.ə/

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek ὑπο- (hupo-, “under”) + θέρμη (thérmē, “heat”) + feminine suffix -ία.

affix

Hypothermia is the systemic cold injury.

(pathology) Abnormally low body temperature; specifically, below 35 degrees Celsius for humans.


thermal

From French thermal, from New Latin *thermalis, from Ancient Greek θέρμη (thérmē, “heat”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- (“to heat, warm”).

der

Similar studies of rats have employed four different intracranial resorbable, slow sustained release systems—surgical foam, a thermal gel depot, a microcapsule or biodegradable polymer beads.

2013 May-June, Charles T. Ambrose, “Alzheimer’s Disease”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 200:


gelid

en-adj

gelid (comparative more gelid, superlative most gelid)

more gelid (comparative)
most gelid (superlative)

First attested in 1630. From Latin gelidus (“cold”), from gelu (“frost”).

Of Cassandra-Marat we have spoken often; yet the most surprising truth remains to be spoken: that he actually does not want sense; but, with croaking gelid throat, croaks out masses of the truth, on several things.

1837, Thomas Carlyle, The French Revolution: A History […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC, (please specify the book or page number):

Above the gelid source of mountain springs,
A solitary eagle, circling, flies.

1898, Florence Earle Coates, “Siberia”, in Poems:

In the worst of summer the tower remained cool, yet the air seemed feverish and gelid when sisters of different Ajahs came too close.


bust ass cold

It was bust ass cold out, but I still had to go in to work.

(rare, Canada, US, slang) Extremely cold.


Fahrenheit

From German Fahrenheit, named after Prussian scientist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit.

named-after

Pyeongchang sits nearly half a mile above sea level in the northeastern corner of South Korea, not too far from the border with the North. It is one of the coldest parts of the country — wind chill in February is often in single digits (Fahrenheit) — and notorious for a powerful, biting wind that gathers force as it barrels down out of Siberia and the Manchurian Plain and then across the jagged granite peaks of North Korea.

2017 December 21, Foster Klug, Kim Tong-hyung, Yong Jun Chang, “The cold returns for Winter Games in mountainous Pyeongchang”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2024-02-18:

For example, in the Fahrenheit scale 212°F is the boiling point of water.

2021, Claire Cock-Starkey, Hyphens & Hashtags, Bodleian Library, page 142:

Describing a temperature scale originally defined as having 0°F as the lowest temperature obtainable with a mixture of ice and salt, and 96°F as the temperature of the human body, and now defined with 32°F equal to 0°C, and each degree Fahrenheit equal to 5/9 of a degree Celsius or 5/9 kelvin.


molten

en-adj

molten (comparative more molten, superlative most molten)

more molten (comparative)
most molten (superlative)

From Middle English molten, from Old English molten, ġemolten (“melted, molten”), from Proto-Germanic *multanaz, past participle of Proto-Germanic *meltaną (“to melt”). Cognate with Scots moltin, Swedish multen.


dog days

en-noun

dog days pl (normally plural, singular dog day)

Calque of Latin diēs caniculārēs (“puppy days”), a calque of Ancient Greek κυνάδες ἡμέραι (kunádes hēmérai, “dog days”), from κυνάς (kunás, “of or related to dogs”), from Κῠ́ων (Kŭ́ōn, “the Dog”) in reference to the star Sirius, which appears in Homeric Greek as "Orion's dog". The return of Sirius to the night sky (its heliacal rising), occurring in antiquity around July 25 (Athens) or 29 (Rome), was considered by the Greeks and Romans to herald what were considered the hottest, least healthy, and least lucky days of summer.

der

κυνάδες ἡμέραι

lang

κῠ́ων Ὠρίωνος

κῠ́ων Ὠρίωνος

κύν᾽ Ὠρίωνος

κύν’ Ὠρίωνος

... a sterre, wherof canicular or dogge days be named Dies caniculares.

1538, Thomas Elyot, “Canicula”, in The Dictionary of Syr Thomas Eliot:

Dog days bright and clear
Indicate a good year;
But when accompanied by rain,
We hope for better times in vain.

1883, H.H.C. Dunwoody, "Proverbs Relating to Months, Weeks, and Days" in Weather Proverbs, Signal Service Notes, No. IX, p. 98

(archaic) The days following the heliacal rising of Sirius, now in early August (Gregorian) at dates varying by latitude.

горещници

the days between early July and early September


swelter

From Middle English swelteren, frequentative form of Middle English swelten (“to die; faint”), from Old English sweltan (“to die”), from Proto-West Germanic *sweltan, from Proto-Germanic *sweltaną (“to die”), from Proto-Indo-European *swel- (“to smolder; burn”), equivalent to swelt + -er (frequentative suffix).

inh

The summer swelter did not relent until late in September, most years.


chill

en-noun

chill (countable and uncountable, plural chills)

From Middle English chele, chile, from Old English ċiele, ċele (“cold; coldness”), from Proto-West Germanic *kali, from Proto-Germanic *kaliz, from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to be cold”). Closely related with Dutch kil. Also akin to cool, cold, which see.

der

There was a chill in the air.

Energy has seldom been found where we need it when we want it. Ancient nomads, wishing to ward off the evening chill and enjoy a meal around a campfire, had to collect wood and then spend time and effort coaxing the heat of friction out from between sticks to kindle a flame. With more settled people, animals were harnessed to capstans or caged in treadmills to turn grist into meal.

2013 July-August, Henry Petroski, “Geothermal Energy”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 4:

A moderate, but uncomfortable and penetrating coldness.

Rossiter W[orthington] Raymond
w:Rossiter W. Raymond

An iron mould or portion of a mould, serving to cool rapidly, and so to harden, the surface of molten iron brought in contact with it.

It was a courageous move by these activists, still living in the chill of the Cold War, to face red-baiting for holding protests that turned Washington's charges against the Cuban Revolution back on the U.S. government.

2006 April 1, Leslie Feinberg, “Mid-1960s gay activists tarrget U.S. gov't”, in Workers World:

A chilling effect; an atmosphere of this.


chill

en-adj

chill (comparative more chill, superlative most chill)

more chill (comparative)
most chill (superlative)

A chill wind was blowing down the street.

Noisome winds, and blasting vapours chill.

1634, John Milton, “Arcades”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], published 1646, →OCLC:


chill

en-verb

chill (third-person singular simple present chills, present participle chilling, simple past and past participle chilled)

chills (present singular third-person)
chilling (participle present)
chilled (participle past)
chilled (past)

→ Danish: chille

→ Dutch: chillen

→ French: chiller

→ German: chillen

→ Norwegian: chille

→⇒ Portuguese: chilar

→ Swedish: chilla

From Middle English chillen, from Old English ċilian (“to be cold”), from Proto-West Germanic *kilēn (“to be cold”). Cognate with Middle Dutch killen (“to be cold”), Dutch killen (“to be cold, shiver”).

inh

Chill before serving.

(transitive) To lower the temperature of something; to cool.

охлаждам

to lower the temperature of something; to cool


chilly

en-adj

chilly (comparative chillier, superlative chilliest)

chillier (comparative)
chilliest (superlative)

From chill + -y. Cognate with Swedish kylig (“chilly”), Norwegian kjølig (“chilly”).

I’m getting rather chilly over here – could you shut the window please?

June 18. Rain'd all Day, and I ſtay'd within. I thought at this Time the Rain felt Cold, and I was ſomething chilly, which I knew was not uſual in that Latitude.

1719 May 6 (Gregorian calendar), [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], →OCLC, page 101:

And now, behold, with the first imagination of danger, or, if you will, the first mighty and terrific trial of your courage, you shrink away, and are content to be handed down as men who had not strength enough to endure cold and peril; and so, poor souls, they were chilly and returned to their warm fire-sides.

1816 June – 1817 April/May (date written), [Mary Shelley], chapter VII, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume III, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, published 1 January 1818, →OCLC, page 169:


axis of evil

2002 State of the Union Address
George W. Bush
axis of evil

Coined by American political commentator David Frum in 2002 and first used publicly by President George W. Bush in the 2002 State of the Union Address. Possibly from a historical analogy to the German-Italian-Japanese axis. Extended to astrophysics by Portuguese scientist João Magueijo in 2005.

coin

cosmic microwave background
cosmic microwave background

(astrophysics, cosmology) An anomaly in the temperature of the cosmic microwave background as the result of a preferential axis which may have shaped the development of the universe.


frore

en-adj

frore (comparative more frore, superlative most frore)

more frore (comparative)
most frore (superlative)

From Middle English froren, past participle of fresen (“to freeze”), from Old English frēosan.

We die, even as the winds of Autumn fade,
Expiring in the frore and foggy air.

1818, Percy Shelley, The Revolt of Islam, canto 9:

For heavenly beauty, mid perennial springs, Feels not the change, which frore sad winter brings.

1883, Religion in Europe, historically considered, page 13:

Till we conceive their heavens hoar,
Those lights they raise but sparkles frore,

1888, George Meredith, Meditation under Stars:

Or if one haulm whose year is o'er / Shivers on the upland frore.

1896, A. E. Housman, A Shropshire Lad, XLVI, lines 15-16:

My heart all Winter lay so numb / The earth so dead and frore.


boiling point

en-noun

boiling point (countable and uncountable, plural boiling points)

/ˈbɔɪlɪŋ ˌpɔɪnt/

(physical chemistry, physics) The temperature at which a liquid boils, with the vapor pressure equal to the given external pressure.


parky

en-adj

parky (comparative parkier, superlative parkiest)

parkier (comparative)
parkiest (superlative)

Uncertain, but probably from parky above or from dialectical pronunciation of perky.

Gene Hunt: [seeing a woman in a sari] A bit parky to be out in just her nighty.

2007 March 6, Julie Rutterford, Life on Mars, Season 2, Episode 3:

(British, informal) Synonym of chilly: somewhat cold but not extremely so.


summery

summery (comparative summerier, superlative summeriest)

summerier (comparative)
summeriest (superlative)

From Middle English somery; equivalent to summer + -y. Compare Swedish somrig (“summery”).


burning

burning (comparative more burning, superlative most burning)

more burning (comparative)
most burning (superlative)

burning skin

her burning heart


white-hot

a white-hot rage

Swift’s catalog of generation-defining hits and canny marketing sense have helped her achieve a level of white-hot demand and media saturation not seen since the 1980s heyday of Michael Jackson and Madonna[…]

2023 August 5, Ben Sisario, “How Taylor Swift’s Eras Tour Conquered the World”, in New York Times:

French protests are always lively, but as the journalist John Lichfield observed, “the white-hot anger” of the gilets jaunes was “something new and different”.

2023 November 17, Oliver Haynes, “Five years on, the world is failing to learn the gilets jaunes’ lesson about class and climate”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(figurative) Extremely fervid or zealous.


glacial

glacial (comparative more glacial, superlative most glacial)

more glacial (comparative)
most glacial (superlative)

From French glacial, from Latin glaciālis, from glaciēs (“ice”). The sense "slow" refers to the speed of actual glaciers, typically around 1 meter per day.

After the rain and frost, the pavements were glacial.


cryo-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “ice, icy cold, chill, frost”).


global warming

First attested in the 1950s. Came into common use in the mid-1970s with Wallace Smith Broecker's paper “Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming?” and Mikhail Budyko's statement in 1976 that “a global warming up has started”.

As a movie, The Day After Tomorrow is your classic computer-generated cinematic confection, only the bad guy isn't an alien or a giant lizard, it's global warming.

2004 May 17, Lev Grossman, “Hollywood's Global Warming”, in Time, archived from the original on 2011-06-28:

In the popular imagination, global warming is mostly seen as a threat to cold-loving species, and there are good reasons for this. […] But global warming is going to have just as great an impact—indeed, according to Silman, an even greater impact—in the tropics.

2014, Elizabeth Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, Picador, →ISBN, page 150:

The study is one of the first to implicate global warming from human activities as one of the factors that played into the Syrian conflict which is estimated to have claimed more than 190,000 lives.

2015 March 2, Ian Sample, “Global warming contributed to Syria's 2011 uprising, scientists claim”, in The Guardian:

The Tibetan Plateau will experience significant water loss this century due to global warming, according to research published Monday that warns of severe supply stress in a climate change "hotspot".

2022 August 16, “Tibetan Plateau water stores under threat: study”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2022-08-16:

A sustained increase in the average temperature of the Earth, sufficient to cause climate change.

aardverwarming

increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere to cause climate change


freezing

en-adj

freezing (comparative more freezing, superlative most freezing)

more freezing (comparative)
most freezing (superlative)

(by extension, chiefly hyperbolic) Very cold


Arctic

From Middle French artique (with -c- reintroduced after Latin in the 17th century), from Latin arcticus, from Ancient Greek ἀρκτικός (arktikós, “northern, of the (Great) Bear”), from ἄρκτος (árktos, “bear, Ursa Major”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos (“bear”). Cognate with Latin ursus.

etymon

frm>artique>pertaining to the North Pole

der

‘Could you close that window, please!’ Strickland called, dialling again. ‘It's bloody arctic down this end.’

1979, John Le Carré, Smiley's People, Folio Society, published 2010, page 45:

Extremely cold, snowy, or having other properties of extreme winter associated with the Arctic.


icy

en-adj

icy (comparative icier, superlative iciest)

icier (comparative)
iciest (superlative)

To go through this experience in bitter winter weather and stumble along the line in the pitch darkness at 6 o'clock in the morning, into an icy-cold foundry, as was the writer's experience, was not too good.

1944 November and December, A Former Pupil, “Some Memories of Crewe Works—II”, in Railway Magazine, page 342:

Pertaining to, resembling, or abounding in ice; cold; frosty.

ysig

pertaining to, resembling, or abounding in ice

I wasn't all the way icy. It wasn't like I could just give a girl a baby and forget about them.

2006, Noire [pseudonym], Thug-A-Licious: An Urban Erotic Tale, New York, N.Y.: One World, Ballantine Books, →ISBN, page 206:

Gone was the gleam of desire, and the teasingly provocative remarks, and Alexa realised the truth in the saying that indifference was death. His demeanour was haughty and icy towards her.

2009, Sharon Kendrick, The Desert Princes Bundle: The Sheikh's English Bride:

Characterized by coldness of manner; frigid; cold.

студе́н

characterized by coldness, as of manner, influence, etc.


sultry

sultry (comparative sultrier, superlative sultriest)

sultrier (comparative)
sultriest (superlative)

From sulter (“verb (obsolete), a variant of swelter”) + -y; compare sweltry.

suffix

verb (obsolete), a variant of <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">swelter</i>

Other ſignes of the Hiues fullneſſe and readineſſe to ſwarm are at the Hiue-doore, […] Fourthly, their firſt lying forth in foggy and ſultrie mornings & euenings, & going in again when the aire is cleere.

1623, Charles Butler, “Of the Swarming of Bees, and the Hiuing of Them”, in The Feminine Monarchie: Or The Historie of Bees. Shewing Their Admirable Nature, and Propertes, Their Generation, and Colonies, Their Gouernment, Loyaltie, Art, Industrie, Enemies, Warres, Magnanimitie, &c. Together with the Right Ordering of Them from Time to Time: And the Sweet Profit Arising thereof. Written out of Experience, London: Printed by Iohn Haviland for Roger Iackson, and are to be sold at his shop in Fleetstreet, ouer against the Conduit, →OCLC:

On recollecting myself, I diſcovered that I had almoſt reached the entrance of the lagoon, and determined to venture in, if poſſible, to take a few fiſh, […] I ſoon caught more trout than I had preſent occaſion for, and the air was too hot and ſultry to admit of their being kept for many hours, even though ſalted or barbecued.

1793 January, William Bartram, “Art. II. Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida, the Cherokee Country, the Extensive Territories of the Muscogulges or Creek Confederacy, and the Country of the Chactaws. Containing an Account of the Soil and Natural Productions of Those Regions; together with Observations on the Manners of the Indians. Embellished with Copper Plates. By William Bartram. Re-printed from the Philadelphia Edition. 8vo. pp. 520. 7s. 6d. boards. Johnson. 1792.”, in The Monthly Review; or, Literary Journal, Enlarged, volume X, London: Printed for R[alph] Griffiths; and sold by T[homas] Becket, in Pall Mall, published 1794, →OCLC, page 17:

Here in the sultriest season let him rest, / Fresh is the green beneath those aged trees; / Here winds of gentlest wing will fan his breast, / From heaven itself he may inhale the breeze: […]

1812, Lord Byron, “Canto II”, in Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. A Romaunt, London: Printed for John Murray, […]; William Blackwood, Edinburgh; and John Cumming, Dublin; by Thomas Davison, […], →OCLC, stanza XLIX, page 85:

The detachment of Tancred, fifty spears and their armed retinue, which amounted fully to five hundred men, after having taken a short and hasty refreshment, were in arms and mounted before the sultry hour of noon.

1830 November – 1831 November (date written), Jedadiah Cleishbotham [pseudonym; Walter Scott], chapter XII, in Tales of My Landlord, Fourth and Last Series. […], volume II (Count Robert of Paris), Edinburgh: […] [Ballantyne and Company] for Robert Cadell; London: Whittaker and Co., published 1 December 1831 (indicated as 1832), →OCLC, page 305:

The heat had been painfully oppressive all day; and it was now a close and sultry night.

1859 November 26 – 1860 August 25, [William] Wilkie Collins, “The Narrative of Walter Hartwright, of Clement’s Inn, London”, in The Woman in White. […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, Publishers, […], published 1860, →OCLC, part I, section III, page 10, column 1:

The weather of the summer of 1863 was, if we include the above four months, not remarkable; but June and September had exceedingly fine weather, while July and August were very unhealthy, being warmer than usual and much damper—that is, sultry.

1864 January 22, Board of Aldermen of New York City, “Summary of Seven Daily Observations of the Temperature, Moisture, Weight, Direction, and Condition of the Atmosphere, for the Year 1863”, in Annual Report of the City Inspector of the City of New York for the Year Ending December 31, 1863 (Document No. 7), New York, N.Y.: Edmund Jones & Co., printers to the Corporation, No. 26 John Street, →OCLC, page 154:

The storm-center gathered slowly around the peaks; low rumble and bowl of thunder increased in frequence; slowly the light shaded as smoky clouds rolled up; the air grew sultrier, and the exasperating breeze puffed a few times and then failed.

1914 January, Zane Grey, “The Mountain Trail”, in The Light of Western Stars: A Romance, New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, →OCLC, page 225:

The soldiers in charge of the English, puzzled apparently how to secure them, conceived the barbarous idea of diving the whole number into a cell which would have been overcrowded with ten captives during the sultry heat of a Bengal midsummer night. The hundred and forty-six unfortunate prisoners were crushed into the narrow space.

1931, Annie Besant, “Conquest and Tyranny”, in England, India, and Afghanistan: And the Story of Afghanistan or Why the Tory Government Gags the Indian Press: A Plea for the Weak against the Strong, 1st Indian edition, Aydar, Madras: Theosophical Publishing House, →OCLC, pages 26–27:

The Champions League has brought suffering to City and Guardiola - especially when they lost to Premier League rivals Chelsea in the 2021 final - but all the pain disappeared just before midnight on a sultry night in Istanbul.

2023 June 10, Phil McNulty, “Manchester City 1 - 0 Inter Milan”, in BBC Sport:

The battlefield—an undulating, parched, and dusty expanse—is lying under the sultry sun of a July afternoon.

1908, Thomas Hardy, The Dynasts: A Drama of the Napoleonic Wars, […], part third, London: Macmillan and Co., […], →OCLC, Act I, scene iii, page 15:


coldness

en-noun

coldness (countable and uncountable, plural coldnesses)

From Middle English coldnesse, from Old English cealdness, cealdnys (“coldness”), from Proto-West Germanic *kaldanassī (“coldness”), equivalent to cold + -ness. Cognate with West Frisian kâldens (“coldness”), Middle Low German koldenisse, kōldenisse (“coldness”), Middle High German kaltnisse, keltnisse (“coldness”).

inh

The coldness is the reciprocal of absolute temperature.

1969, W. A. Day, Morton E. Gurtin, Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis, volume 33, number 1, Springer, pages 26–32:

(article title) The coldness, a universal function in thermoelastic bodies.

1971, Ingo Müller, Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis, volume 41, number 5, Springer, pages 319–332:

This function will be called the coldness, its equilibrium value will be the reciprocal of absolute temperature.

1972, Ingo Müller, Entropy, Absolute Temperature, and Coldness in Thermodynamics: Boundary Conditions in Porous Materials Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis, Springer-Verlag, Wein GMBH, page 3

(article title) Coldness and Temperature.

1975, J. Meixner, Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis, volume 57, number 3, Springer, pages 281–290:

α is called the affinity, β the inverse temperature or coldness, and γ the free expansion coefficient.

1995, Claude Garrod, Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Oxford University Press, page 111:

absolute temperature
absolute temperature

(physics) The reciprocal of absolute temperature.


tropic

From Late Latin tropicus (“of or pertaining to the solstice, as a noun, one of the tropics”), from Ancient Greek τροπικός (tropikós, “of or pertaining to a turn or change; or the solstice; or a trope or figure; tropic; tropical; etc.”), from τροπή (tropḗ, “turn; solstice; trope”).

der

O conſider my caſe, moſt blisfull Queen, […] Diſpell thoſe Clouds which hover 'twixt my King and his higheſt Counſell, […] that my great Law-making Court be forced to turn no more to polemicall Committees, […] but that they may come again to the old Parliamentary Rode, To the path of their Predeceſſours, to conſult of means how to ſweep away thoſe Cobwebs that hang in the Courts of Juſtice, and to make the Laws run in their right Channell; to retrench exceſſive fees, and finde remedies for the future, that the poor Client be not ſo peeled by his Lawyer, and made to ſuffer by ſuch monſtrous delays, that one may go from one Tropick to the other, and croſſe the Equinoctiall twenty times, before his ſute be done; […]

1645, James Howell, “England’s Tears, for the Present Wars, which for the Nature of the Quarrel, the Quality of the Strength, the Diversity of Battels, Skirmishes, Encounters, and Sieges, (Happened in so Short a Compasse of Time) Cannot be Parallel’d in Any Precedent Age”, in ΔΕΝΔΡΟΛΟΓΊΑ [DENDROLOGIA]: Dodona’s Grove, or The Vocall Forrest. The Third Edition More Exact and Perfect than the Former; with the Addition of Two Other Tracts: viz. Englands Tears for the Present Wars. And The Pre-eminence of Parlements, 3rd edition, Cambridge: Printed by R. D. for Humphrey Moseley, and are to be sold at his shop at the Prince's Arms in S. Pauls Church-yard, →OCLC, page 189:

For since on ev'ry Sea, on ev'ry Coast,
Your Men have been distress'd, your Navy tost,
Sev'n times the Sun has either Tropick view'd,

1697, John Dryden, The Works of Virgil, Aeneas, Book I, lines 1062-64

The Winter banishish'd, and the Spring renew'd.

(geography) Either of the two parallels of latitude 23°26′ north and south of the equator; the farthest points at which the sun can be directly overhead; the boundaries of the torrid zone or tropics.


tropic

en-adj

tropic (comparative more tropic, superlative most tropic)

more tropic (comparative)
most tropic (superlative)

Of, or relating to the tropics; tropical.


Curie temperature

en-noun

Curie temperature (plural Curie temperatures)

Named after scientist Pierre Curie, who discovered the phenomenon.

(electromagnetism, physical chemistry) The temperature at which the magnetism of a substance changes, specifically when a ferromagnetic material becomes paramagnetic.

curietemperatur

the temperature at which the magnetism of a substance changes


feverish

en-adj

feverish (comparative more feverish, superlative most feverish)

more feverish (comparative)
most feverish (superlative)

The illness made him feverish, so they applied cold compresses.

Having a fever, an elevated body temperature.


brumal

brumal (comparative more brumal, superlative most brumal)

more brumal (comparative)
most brumal (superlative)

From Latin brūmālis (“of or pertaining to the winter solstice; wintry”), from brūma (“the winter solstice; winter”), which is a contraction of *brevima (“the shortest (day)”).

der

Belonging to winter; winterlike; wintry.


silver bullet

[…] "the silver bullet"—a rectal thermometer, to ensure that their body core isn't dangerously overheated from the run.

1998, Thomas E. Ricks, Making the Corps, page 166:

Of course, there is the infamous “Silver Bullet,” which is a rectal thermometer that measures the body's core temperature in the event of a heat case. No one wanted to get it up the butt with the Silver Bullet, […]

2006, Cpl. Matthew D. Wojtecki, Every Other Four, page 140:

A Corpsman was yanking my pants down in order to administer a “silver bullet” (rectal thermometer). I squirmed away and shoved the Corpsman off me before he could insert it.

2017, Jason Delgado, Chris Martin, Bounty Hunter 4/3: From the Bronx to Marine Scout Sniper, page 109:

(military slang) A thermometer, especially one used for rectal temperature readings.


hyperthermia

en-noun

hyperthermia (countable and uncountable, plural hyperthermias)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hyperthermia.wav

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér, “over”) + θέρμη (thérmē, “heat”) + -ία (-ía).

affix

Hyperthermia, that's just a word. The reality is different. You can't breathe. Sweating doesn't work. You're being roasted, like meat in an oven, and you can feel that.

2020, Kim Stanley Robinson, The Ministry for the Future, Little, Brown Book Group, →ISBN:

(pathology) The condition of having an abnormally high body temperature caused by a failure of the heat-regulating mechanisms of the body to deal with the heat coming from the environment.

熱中症

ねっちゅうしょう, ねっちゅうしょう, nettchūshō


searing

Another source of discontent with the Phase I stock has been obviated by relocation of the interior heating elements and the introduction of thermostatic control; this has eradicated the searing blasts of hot air passengers used to feel about their calves [...].

1961 February, “Talking of Trains: Phase II units in service”, in Trains Illustrated, page 69:


radiation pyrometer

en-noun

radiation pyrometer (plural radiation pyrometers)

a device that measures the intensity of radiation from, and thus the temperature of, a hot body.


lukewarmness

lukewarmness (countable and uncountable, plural lukewarmnesses)

1665, Robert Boyle, New Experiments and Observations Touching Cold, Discourse II, in The Works of the Honourable Robert Boyle, London: A. Millar, 1744, Volume II, p. 246,
And indeed, there is scarce any quality, for whose differences we have fewer distinct names, having scarce any for the many degrees of coldness, that may be conceived to be intermediate, betwixt lukewarmness and the freezing degree of cold […]

Mr. Hale was disappointed in his pupil’s lukewarmness about Greek literature, which had but a short time ago so great an interest for him.

1855, Elizabeth Gaskell, chapter 40, in North and South:

Sazonov was furious at the lukewarmness of the British and French reactions to Russia's protests.

2012, Christopher Clark, The Sleepwalkers, Penguin, published 2013, page 343:

The property of being lukewarm; ambivalence, weakness.


Arrhenius equation

Arrhenius equation (plural Arrhenius equations)

(physical chemistry) An equation which approximates the dependence of the rate of any chemical reaction on the temperature.


frosty

en-adj

frosty (comparative frostier, superlative frostiest)

frostier (comparative)
frostiest (superlative)

From Middle English frosty, forsty, from Old English forstiġ, fyrstiġ (“frosty”), from Proto-West Germanic *frostag, *frustīg, By surface analysis, frost + -y.
Cognates
Cognate with West Frisian froastich (“frosty”), Dutch vorstig (“frosty”), German Low German fröstig (“frosty”), German frostig (“frosty”), Swedish frostig (“frosty”). Compare also Saterland Frisian froasterch (“frosty”), German Low German frösterg (“frosty”).

The air was frosty; I could see my breath and walked quickly with my hands in my pockets.

I'd like a frosty milkshake.

During the frostiest days of the Cold War, avoiding the Soviet Bloc meant flying north around Greenland to Alaska, refueling in Anchorage, and then around the Bering Straits to reach Japan.

2022 February 26, John Walton, “How the Ukraine conflict could redraw the world air map”, in CNN, archived from the original on 2022-02-26:


differential thermal analysis

en-noun

differential thermal analysis (uncountable)

(analytical chemistry, materials science, physical chemistry) The branch of materials science that studies the temperature dependant properties of materials compared with some reference material.

analytical chemistry; materials science; analytical chemistry; materials science


differential thermal analysis

differential thermal analysis (plural differential thermal analyses)

(analytical chemistry, materials science, physical chemistry) The application of a thermoanalytic technique involving recording any temperature difference between sample and reference materials that are undergoing identical thermal cycles.


hot as hell

(simile, colloquial) Extremely hot (all senses)


piss-warm

en-adj

piss-warm (comparative more piss-warm, superlative most piss-warm)

more piss-warm (comparative)
most piss-warm (superlative)

Derived from the fact the urine (colloquially referred to as "piss") is generally warm from carrying human body heat.


teens · twenties · thirties · forties · fifties · sixties · seventies · eighties · nineties

Gay Nineties · Naughty Nineties · Roaring Twenties · Dirty Thirties · Swinging Sixties

The temperatures today are ranging from the low to high 90s.


Tens, written as a number but in plural form.


ice-cold

ice-cold (comparative more ice-cold, superlative most ice-cold)

more ice-cold (comparative)
most ice-cold (superlative)

From Middle English *is-cold, from Old English īsċeald; equivalent to ice + cold. Cognate with Saterland Frisian ieskoold (“ice-cold”), West Frisian iiskâld (“ice-cold”), Dutch ijskoud (“ice-cold”), Afrikaans yskoud (“ice-cold”), German Low German ieskold (“ice-cold”), German eiskalt (“ice-cold”), Yiddish אײַזקאַלט (ayzkalt, “ice-cold”), Danish iskold (“ice-cold”), Swedish iskall (“ice-cold”), Norwegian iskald (“ice-cold”), Faroese ísakaldur (“ice-cold”), Icelandic ískaldur (“ice-cold”).


frigidity

en-noun

frigidity (countable and uncountable, plural frigidities)

From Middle English frigiditee, frigidite, a borrowing from Middle French frigidité, itself a borrowing from Latin frīgiditātem, accusative of Latin frīgiditās.

The state of being frigid; coldness; lack of heat.

Coldness of feeling, manner or quality; lack of ardor, animation or vivacity.


chilliness

chilliness (usually uncountable, plural chillinesses)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-chilliness.wav

The state or sensation of being chilly; a disagreeable sensation of coldness.


frigidly

en-adv

frigidly (comparative more frigidly, superlative most frigidly)

more frigidly (comparative)
most frigidly (superlative)


frigidness

The state of being frigid; frigidity; coldness.


space blanket

A blanket made of a plastic material covered with a reflective metal agent; designed to reduce heat loss from a person's body following trauma, or used on the exterior of a spacecraft for thermal control.


stone cold

I forgot to turn on the burner under the soup and found it sitting there, still stone cold, twenty minutes later.

Very cold; lacking any semblance of warmth.


cold spot

(physiology, dermatology) A sensory area in the skin that responds to a decrease in temperature.


thermocline

Even among migratory species, only a few (Aglaura hemistoma, Abylopsis tetragona eudoxids, Beroe sp., Thalia democratica, Salpa fusiformis) crossed the thermocline and reached the bottom layer.

2015 December 5, “Diel Vertical Dynamics of Gelatinous Zooplankton (Cnidaria, Ctenophora and Thaliacea) in a Subtropical Stratified Ecosystem (South Brazilian Bight)”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(geography) A layer within a body of water or air where the temperature changes rapidly with depth.


preheat

en-verb

preheat (third-person singular simple present preheats, present participle preheating, simple past and past participle preheated)

preheats (present singular third-person)
preheating (participle present)
preheated (participle past)
preheated (past)

(transitive) to heat something in preparation for further action, especially cooking


overheat

/ˌəʊvəˈhiːt/

From Middle English overheten. Cognate with German überheizen, überhitzen (“to overheat”), Swedish överhetta (“to overheat”). By surface analysis, over- + heat.

Continued operation with an overheat could lead to other serious problems, perhaps even a fire.


snow line

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-snow line.wav

Chris Ormel, an astronomer at the University of Amsterdam, and his colleagues recently calculated that protoplanets began to form at the snow line around the star, then grew quickly by accreting pebbles.

2018 April 26, Alexandra Witze, “Earth May Have Been Formed by a Bunch of Tiny Space Pebbles”, in The Atlantic:

(astrophysics) The inner limit where volatile molecules can remain frozen in the zone around a star.


wind chill

en-noun

wind chill (countable and uncountable, plural wind chills)

The thermometer says zero, but with the wind chill it's more like minus five.

(meteorology) The cooling effect of wind, especially on the human body, which causes the "feels like" temperature to be lower than the thermometer temperature.

(loosely) The still-air temperature equivalent to a given combination of temperature and wind speed, as far as its cooling effect on exposed flesh is concerned


cold wave

cold wave (countable and uncountable, plural cold waves)


coolth

coolth (usually uncountable, plural coolths)

From cool + -th. Compare Old Dutch kuolitha (“coolness”).

Froid: m. Cold, cooth^([sic]); coldneſſe, chilneſſe.

1611, Randle Cotgrave, compiler, “Froid”, in A Dictionarie of the French and English Tongues, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, signature Rr, verso, column 2:

In the evening my father and Mrs Thrale seated themselves out of doors, just before the Blue-room windows, for coolth and chat; […]

1842, Fanny Burney, Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay:

Through the speckled shadow of the great deodar-forests […] and back into the woodlands’ coolth again […]

1900 December – 1901 October, Rudyard Kipling, Kim (Macmillan’s Colonial Library; no. 414), London: Macmillan and Co., published 1901, →OCLC:

The water pushed large blocks of tepid air about around his chair, giving the faint illusion of freshness and coolth.

1982, Lawrence Durrell, Constance (Avignon Quintet), Penguin, published 2004, page 628:

This they do, not only convectively by passing cooler air over the skins of building occupants, but also using radiant coolth.

2012, David Crichton, Fergus Nicol, Adapting Buildings and Cities for Climate Change:

Her voice was an odd mixture of cordiality and coolth.

2017, Stephanie Huesler, The Price of Freedom, Indie 2017 (Northing Trilogy), p. 253

The state of being cool, temperature-wise; coolness.


bumping

(physical chemistry) The violent boiling when an homogenous liquid is superheated to the point that the bubbles are formed at pressure greater than atmospheric pressure and be expelled from the container


ultracold

en-adj

ultracold (comparative more ultracold, superlative most ultracold)

more ultracold (comparative)
most ultracold (superlative)

(physics) Of a temperature close to absolute zero, especially one at which quantum-mechanical properties are observed.


cloud point

(physical chemistry) The temperature at which one component of a mixture of liquids begins to solidify (or a mixture of liquids starts to become immiscible) on cooling, resulting in visible cloudiness; as for example in diesel fuel in freezing temperatures; the consolute point


cold as ice

From Middle English cold as ise, cold as yse, colde as ise.


supercool

en-verb

supercool (third-person singular simple present supercools, present participle supercooling, simple past and past participle supercooled)

supercools (present singular third-person)
supercooling (participle present)
supercooled (participle past)
supercooled (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-supercool.wav

transition temperature
transition temperature

(physics) To cool a material below its transition temperature without that transition occurring


transition temperature

en-noun

transition temperature (plural transition temperatures)

(physics) The temperature at which one phase of a material changes into another; a transition point

(physics, chemistry) The temperature at which one form of a polymorph changes into another


consolute point

consolute point (plural consolute points)


lew

en-adj

lew (comparative lewer, superlative lewest)

lewer (comparative)
lewest (superlative)

From Middle English lew, lewe, from Old English hlēow, hlēowe (“warm, sunny, sheltered”), from Proto-Germanic *hlewaz, *hliwjaz, *hlēwaz (“warm, lukewarm”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱal(w)e-, *ḱlēw- (“warm, hot”). Cognate with Old Norse hlýr (“warm, mild”), ( > Danish ly (“lukewarm”)), hlær, German lau, which are themselves akin to Old Norse hlé (“lee”), Danish læ (“shelter”). Compare lee.


hot spell

A (usually) short period of hot weather. Sometimes a heat wave.


heat stroke

en-noun

heat stroke (countable and uncountable, plural heat strokes)

(medicine, countable or uncountable) An illness caused by overheating a person or animal beyond its body's capacity to regulate internal temperature.


ultrahot

en-adj

ultrahot (comparative more ultrahot, superlative most ultrahot)

more ultrahot (comparative)
most ultrahot (superlative)

The magnetic forces are thought to be the key to these stars' several peculiarities. Presumably these stars were formed from matter having the normal cosmic proportions of the elements. However, strong magnetic forces in their atmospheres have accelerated hydrogen nuclei to very high speeds, thereby creating ultrahot areas possibly like outsize solar flares.

1962, Wasley Sven Krogdahl, The Astronomical Universe, Macmillan, page 390:

In this configuration a single line of magnetic force, if followed indefinitely on successive turns around the torus and successive twists around the magnetic axis, will trace out an entire surface, called a “magnetic surface.” Lines of force near the magnetic axis will produce magnetic surfaces which are nested inside the surfaces produced by the lines of force farther out. This family of nested magnetic surfaces constitutes the magnetic bottle proposed for confining an ultrahot gas in a stellarator.

1963, American Association of Physics Teachers, Plasma Physics: Selected Reprints, American Institute of Physics for the American Association of Physics, page 87:

The magnetic field drives virtually everything on the sun. Our star has an overall main magnetic field, with opposite north and south magnetic poles like the Earth's. Geophysicists believe that the Earth's field is formed by the dynamolike motion of molten iron in the outer part of our planet's ultrahot core. Similarly, the sun's overarching field seems to be produced by internal motion of plasma.

2004, National Geographic Society, National Geographic, National Geographic Society, page 19:

Extremely or exceedingly hot; of utmost hotness.


habitable zone

The zone around a star where a planet could experience temperatures like those on Earth, allowing for the possible existence of liquid water and of life.

zona d'habitabilitat

the planetary zone that could sustain life


heat transfer

en-noun

heat transfer (countable and uncountable, plural heat transfers)

The transmission of thermal energy via conduction, convection or radiation.


autoignition temperature

autoignition temperature (plural autoignition temperatures)

Skydrol is a fire resistant hydraulic fluid in accordance with the standards set forth in Aeronautical Material Specifications (AMS) 3150c. These specifications prescribe that the autogenuous^([sic]) ignition temperature of such a fluid must be higher than 750°F. (399°C.), determined in accordance with certain testing procedures. Testing conducted by the manufacturer of Skydrol indicates that the flash point of that fluid is 180°C., the fire point is 215°C., and the autoignition point is 496°C. However, Skydrol exposed to air at elevated temperatures will undergo thermal decomposition and the flash, fire and autoignition temperatures will decrease by as much as 9°C.

1968 April 18, National Transportation Safety Board, “1.15 Tests and Research”, in Aircraft Accident Report: Mohawk Airlines, Inc., BAC 1-11, N1116J, Near Blossburg, Pennsylvania, June 23, 1967, archived from the original on 2022-06-24, page 30:

The lowest temperature at which combustion will occur spontaneously under specific conditions.

درجة حرارة الاشتعال الذاتي

lowest temperature of spontaneous combustion


underheat

en-verb

underheat (third-person singular simple present underheats, present participle underheating, simple past and past participle underheated)

underheats (present singular third-person)
underheating (participle present)
underheated (participle past)
underheated (past)

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We shivered in the underheated corridor.


cold as a witch's tit

Apparently coined by the American author Francis Van Wyck Mason: the term first appears in his Novel Spider House, published in 1932.

(simile, colloquial, vulgar, humorous) Very cold.


hiemal

en-adj

hiemal (comparative more hiemal, superlative most hiemal)

more hiemal (comparative)
most hiemal (superlative)

From Latin hiemālis (“pertaining to winter”), from hiems (“winter”). More at hibernate.

(rare) Of or pertaining to winter, wintry.


-thermic

Mid 19th century, from Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós, “heat”) + -ic.


undercool

en-verb

undercool (third-person singular simple present undercools, present participle undercooling, simple past and past participle undercooled)

undercools (present singular third-person)
undercooling (participle present)
undercooled (participle past)
undercooled (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-undercool.wav


nithered

en-adj

nithered (comparative more nithered, superlative most nithered)

more nithered (comparative)
most nithered (superlative)

I did spend a couple o' nights out in the open but I got so bloody nithered I couldn't sleep. I daren't sleep any road, 'cause it were that bloody cold...

1985, Sheelagh Kelly, A long way from heaven:

‘You'll be warm enough.’
‘I bloody won't. I'm nithered now.’

1993, Pat Barker, The Eye in the Door (The Regeneration Trilogy), Penguin, published 2014, page 344:

Talk About Nithered! In several severe winters - 1739, 1880, 1963 - the Hardraw waterfall at Hawes had become a giant icicle, just under 100 feet long.

2003, Howard Peach, Curious Tales of Old North Yorkshire:

I'm fair nithered, sat sittin' here in this bloody draught.

(Scotland, Northern England) Very cold; shrivelled with cold.


infrigidant

(obsolete) A medical agent or substance which produces a feeling of cold when applied to the body.


smoking hot

smoking hot (comparative more smoking hot, superlative most smoking hot)

more smoking hot (comparative)
most smoking hot (superlative)

Very hot; having a very high temperature.


heat index

en-noun

heat index (plural heat indexes or heat indices)

heat indexes (plural)
heat indices (plural)

(US, meteorology) A figure used by American meteorologists to describe the apparent heat felt by a person as the result of a combination of temperature and humidity.

temperatura de xafogor

figure used to describe the apparent heat felt by a person


St. Luke's summer

to me there was something infinitely pathetic and appealing in the idea of the egg having a sort of St. Luke's summer of commercial usefulness.

1904, ‘Saki’, “Reginald's Rubaiyat”, in Reginald:

Almost every virtue of every season is contracted into the little span of St. Luke's summer, the very vintage of the year's juices.

1934, Sir William Beech Thomas, The Yeoman's England:

A short period of warm weather around St Luke's Day (18 October); an Indian summer (also figuratively).


little summer of St. Luke

little summer of St. Luke (plural little summers of St. Luke)

St. Luke's summer
St. Luke's summer#English


athermic

en-adj

athermic (comparative more athermic, superlative most athermic)

more athermic (comparative)
most athermic (superlative)

/ˌeɪˈθɜɹmɪk/

(medicine) without an increase in temperature


Curie point

When the lavas cooled they would pass through the Curie point, and their magnetic minerals would become magnetised.

2004, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society, published 2011, page 143:

(electromagnetism, physical chemistry) Curie temperature.


autothermic

(physical chemistry, of a reaction) exothermic to an extent that the generated heat sustains the reaction


shram

en-verb

shram (third-person singular simple present shrams, present participle shramming, simple past and past participle shrammed)

shrams (present singular third-person)
shramming (participle present)
shrammed (participle past)
shrammed (past)

the shramming cold

(UK, dialect, dated) To cause to shrink or shrivel with cold; to numb.


St. Martin's summer

en-noun

St. Martin's summer (plural St. Martin's summers)

A period of warm weather in early November.


red heat

The temperature of something that is red-hot


white heat

white heat (countable and uncountable, plural white heats)

The state or temperature at which matter emits white light.


firehot

en-adj

firehot (comparative more firehot, superlative most firehot)

more firehot (comparative)
most firehot (superlative)

From Middle English fyre hoot, fyre hoote, from Old English fȳrhāt (“fire-hot”), equivalent to fire + hot.

She knows they expect needles, knives, firehot brands.

2010, Sandra Beasley, I Was the Jukebox:

The book was firehot and intriguing. Even if he hadn't penned the scenes from Reides' point of view, he knew he'd still assert that the story had best seller written all over it.

He tentatively held the cord between two fingers. It was limp, lifeless. Laying the baby down, he pulled a handkerchief from his pocket to wrap around the handle of his firehot knife.

As hot as fire; hot from fire; extremely hot; red-hot.


Mpemba effect

Named after Tanzanian student Erasto Mpemba, who published on the topic in the 1960s.

Scientists as yet have been unable to fully explain the mechanism behind the Mpemba effect. It is a combination of a variety of heat transfer methods, and those combinations change under different conditions of water and[…]

2012, Elizabeth H. Oakes, Heat and Thermodynamics, Infobase Learning, →ISBN, page 38:

The supposed tendency of warmer water to freeze more quickly than colder water.


Réaumur scale

Named after French scientist René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur (1683–1757).

named-after

A temperature scale on which 0 °C is 0 and 100 °C is 80.

(historical) A temperature scale on which water freezes at 0 and the alcohol mixture expands by 8% and boils at 80.


frost-tender

en-adj

frost-tender (comparative more frost-tender, superlative most frost-tender)

more frost-tender (comparative)
most frost-tender (superlative)

I found out to my cost that the tree fern I brought back from New Zealand was frost-tender, and it didn't survive the winter.

(horticulture) Of plants: unable to tolerate frost, and liable to die if exposed to it.


-sicle

(informal) A suffix combined with a noun to indicate something cold or frozen.


kindling point

spontaneously combust
spontaneously combust

the lowest temperature at which a substance will spontaneously combust in a normal atmosphere without an external source of ignition


cryodamage

en-noun

cryodamage (countable and uncountable, plural cryodamages)

Because mouse primary cells (mBMCs and MEF cells) are susceptible to cryodamage, cryopreservation using BuOF needs further investigation.

2015 July 2, Varma VP, Devi L, Venna NK, Murthy CLN, Idris MM, Goel S, “Ocular Fluid As a Replacement for Serum in Cell Cryopreservation Media”, in PLOS ONE, volume 10, number 7, →DOI:


solvothermal

Relating to, or by means of a solution (not normally aqueous) at high temperature


heatmapping

The digit in Fig 23 changes towards that class label which the classifier and the heatmapping implicitly perceive as the nearest neighbor.

2015 July 11, “On Pixel-Wise Explanations for Non-Linear Classifier Decisions by Layer-Wise Relevance Propagation”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


frost-worked

en-adj

frost-worked (comparative more frost-worked, superlative most frost-worked)

more frost-worked (comparative)
most frost-worked (superlative)

This practice they carry so far, as neither to scarify, nor even harrow, putting the seed into the frost-worked surface, and their success is a justification of the system.

1804, Arthur Young, The farmer's kalendar:

(of a surface) that has been affected by the freeze-thaw cycle


mesothermic

The climate is Mediterranean, moderately humid, mesothermic with mean annual rainfall of 1000 mm [6 ] mostly concentrated in spring and autumn.

2015 September 18, “Conservation Status of a Recently Described Endemic Land Snail, Candidula coudensis, from the Iberian Peninsula”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(of a climate) temperate (neither hot nor cold)


cold as a well-digger's arse

cold as a well-digger's arse (not comparable)

(simile, UK, colloquial, vulgar, humorous) Very cold.


nonthermalized

The decay length of the nonthermalized signal is determined by the electron-electron scattering rate, renormalized due to superconductivity.

2015, I. V. Bobkova, A. M. Bobkov, “Injection of nonequilibrium quasiparticles into Zeeman-split superconductors: a way to create long-range spin imbalance”, in arXiv:


colden

en-verb

colden (third-person singular simple present coldens, present participle coldening, simple past and past participle coldened)

coldens (present singular third-person)
coldening (participle present)
coldened (participle past)
coldened (past)

From cold + -en. Compare Middle English colden (“to colden”), from Old English cealdian (“to colden”). More at cold.

Even the snowboarding accident that he had last year that left him bedbound for 2 weeks did not seem to colden his passion for this sport.

The air had coldened and a light chill wind rose from the river.

1899, John Buchan, Grey Weather: Moorland Tales of My Own People https://books.google.ru/books?id=6chI6yyZLrYC&pg=PA57&dq=coldened&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwilmZucgK_LAhUE6CwKHVnsAts4ChDoAQg9MAU#v=onepage&q=coldened&f=false

(Scotland, transitive, intransitive, sometimes figurative) To grow or make cold.


cold as a witch's kiss

They're all cold. Cold as a witch's kiss. Mean temperatures of 40° Fahrenheit. Never get hotter than 70.

1954, Alfred Bester, “Fondly Fahrenheit”, in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, volume 7, page 18:

Descend some twenty feet through the pleasant warmth of the ocean's upper layer and you are in water as cold as a witch's kiss.

1974, James W. Merchant, The use of high altitude aerial photography to inventory wildlife habitat in Kansas, page 40:

Outside, frost glimmered. November, cold as a witch's kiss. Cold as his heart.

2002, Judith Bowen, Cowboy Country, page 112:


cold as a witch's teat

Anyway, it was December and all, and it was cold as a witch's teat, especially on top of that stupid hill.

1951, J. D. Salinger, The Catcher in the Rye, Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company, →OCLC, page 7:

cold as a witch's tit
cold as a witch's tit#English


cold-sensitive

en-adj

cold-sensitive (comparative more cold-sensitive, superlative most cold-sensitive)

more cold-sensitive (comparative)
most cold-sensitive (superlative)

Of a person: prone to easily feeling cold.


therm-

Alternative form of thermo- (before vowels)


sweltersome

sweltersome (comparative more sweltersome, superlative most sweltersome)

more sweltersome (comparative)
most sweltersome (superlative)

“Sister, where you bound on such a hot, hot, sweltersome night?” you asked.

2015, Ellen Datlow, Best Horror of the Year - Volume 7:

Characterised or marked by sweltering; overpoweringly hot


anafront

(meteorology) A warm or cold front at which there is upward movement of the warm-sector air above the cold-sector air, commonly producing clouds and precipitation on the cool side of the boundary.


zero chill

en-noun

zero chill (countable and uncountable, plural zero chills)

As the carbon equivalent increases, the depth of the chill decreases until the entire sample is gray, showing a zero chill measurement.

1960, The Iron Worker - Volumes 24-26, page 95:

It is hoped that future engine designs will incorporate a zero chill feature.

1963, Automotive Engineering - Volume 71, page 66:

Chill depth in the castings poured with inoculant inserts was greatly reduced, and some of them (e.g. castings 35, 38) had the optimum combination of zero chill and low dross.

1987, Jay Easwaran, Advanced casting technology:

The property of a casting having no chill (hardened surface).


thermoviscoelasticity

The property of being thermoviscoelastic.


masonry heater

A device for warming an interior space through radiant heating, by capturing the heat from periodic burning of fuel (usually wood), and then radiating the heat at a fairly constant temperature for a long period.


cold as a witch's tit in a brass bra

en-adj

cold as a witch's tit in a brass bra (not comparable)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cold as a witch's tit in a brass bra.wav

Alternative form of cold as a witch's tit


absorption refrigerator

en-noun

absorption refrigerator (plural absorption refrigerators)

A refrigeration system that drives its cooling effect using energy provided by a heat source, specifically by making a coolant (often water or ammonia) evaporate and be absorbed into another substance (often lithium bromide or water, respectively) before the two substances are again separated by heating.


cold as charity

An ironic reference to the cold-hearted nature of much so-called charity, which should naturally be warm.

"Here's another funny thing I don't quite believe," he said; "a minute ago the tea was boiling hot, and now it's as cold as charity. But I mustn't forget it's winter; that's what's making my fingers tremble so. Jolly cold — jolly cold. Yes, jolly cold as charity sounds topsy-turvy."

1883, Tinsley's magazine, conducted by E. Yates, volume 33, page 28:

(simile, rare, humorous) Very cold, whether in temperature or in demeanour.


contrast therapy

The immersion of part of the body alternately in hot and cold water, believed to strengthen the immune system, reduce swelling and pain around injuries, and aid recovery from exercise.


hot as Hades

(simile, colloquial) extremely hot; hot as hell; hot as blazes


cold-natured

en-adj

cold-natured (comparative more cold-natured, superlative most cold-natured)

more cold-natured (comparative)
most cold-natured (superlative)

Considering how cold-natured his car was he decided it would be just as easy to walk.

2004, Bg Locke, Soul Destination, →ISBN, page 71:

She was so very cold-natured that you had to have a fire all night.

2010 -, Houston Brummit, Talladega Days: Race, Rural Life, and Memories of a Forgotten Legend, →ISBN:

If you're cold-natured and tend to get chilled easily, you're going to need to plan ahead so you can relax and have fun instead of trying to keep warm.

2011, Rice Freeman-Zachery, Tonia Davenport, Destination Creativity: The Life-Altering Journey of the Art Retreat, →ISBN:


cold urticaria

(pathology) A condition that occurs in cold temperatures, where the victim suffers from hives caused by the cold.


blackthorn winter

en-noun

blackthorn winter (plural blackthorn winters)

So-called because it (typically) falls when blackthorn is flowering.

Blackthorn winters were most severe; (I.) a week at the end of March; (II.) April 13th to 26th. Two perennial springs, in different ranges of hills, failed.

1885, Great Britain. Meteorological Office, British Rainfall, page 98:

An inveterate custom of English conversation, combined with the engaging versatility of the English climate, from which the custom derives both its origin and its vigour, must be our excuse for devoting some specific attention to this branch of the English weather. … In similar fashion we made observe, mutatis mutandis, of the blackthorn winter that, though small, it is peculiarly bitter. … Providence does not invariably temper the wind of the blackthorn winter for him. On the contrary, he too often finds that a balmy north-easter will effectually temper the rise of the May-fly, …

1888 May 19, The Saturday Review of Politics, Literature, Science and Art, section Blackthorn Winter, page 590

[...] when, sick for home, she stood in tears amid the alien corn, the chimp's sad heart was charmed by no nightingale, for the bird had not yet returned to Stotfield, and what corn was showing was but a scanty acid green, ragged among the flints of those chilly fields. It was the blackthorn winter, and Emily, who had been sent out to gather primroses, found the thin stuff dress she now wore, designed by Amy to resemble the drabbest of charity child's garments, to be but a miserable covering ...

1957, John Collier, His Monkey Wife: or Married to a Chimp, →ISBN, page 62:

A similar term was 'blackthorn winter', which perhaps referred to the frequent cold snaps that occur when the sloes, or blackthorns, flower in late March or April. Blackthorn is a relative of hawthorn but flowers earlier, before it produces foliage. Blackthorn is a common hedgerow tree of chalk and limestone areas, where it seems to thrive better and produce more fruit than on acid or clay soils. But a blackthorn winter may shrivel the flowers in bud or deter bees from pollinating the flowers, ...

(especially rustic UK) A period of cold weather in spring or early summer (March, April or May).


blackberry winter

blackberry winter (plural blackberry winters)

So-called because it (typically) falls when blackberries are flowering.

For quotations using this term, see Citations:blackberry winter.

(especially Southern US, Midwestern US) A period of cold weather that falls when blackberries are flowering, or more generally any time in spring or early summer (March, April or May).

sants de glaç

period of cold weather around March, April or May


electrotherm

(obsolete) A flexible sheet of resistance coils used to apply heat to the surface of the body


mesotemperate

Relating to the middle of a temperate zone


snap freeze

en-verb

snap freeze (third-person singular simple present snap freezes, present participle snap freezing, simple past snap froze, past participle snap frozen)

snap freezes (present singular third-person)
snap freezing (participle present)
snap froze (past)
snap frozen (participle past)


cold as a mackerel

1920, Fire Service (Official organ of the Fire Marshals’ Association of North America, and Eastern Association of Superintendents of Fire and Police Telegraph), 6 March, 1920, p. 7,
“I tell you, Governor, that in those days they weren’t ashamed to have a little good liquor around to warm the insides of a man weary and as cold as a mackerel from an all night job.”

At that raw spring hour, mid-February or early March, the sky would be as beautifully cold as a mackerel, bluish-white at its base, everywhere else a dark bruise-blue except where gas lamps in the streets let in a pale green-whitish-yellow,

1964, Seán Ó Faoláin, chapter 4, in Vive Moi!, Boston: Little, Brown, page 61:

In some areas our audiences enjoyed the music; in others they were cold as a mackerel.

1988, Garvin Bushell, Mark Tucker, chapter 16, in Jazz from the Beginning, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, page 131:

(simile) Very cold (in temperature, emotionally, etc.).


air bath

Every large hospital now has quarters where patients may take the healing sun bath at certain times of the day. You can take your sun bath in the same manner as the air bath.

They would be allowed to take sponge baths every other day, or use the newly invented “air bath.”

2013, Erika Judit Kovács, RE-EMERGENCE, page 62:

compressed-air bath
compressed-air bath#English


dragon's tail

en-noun

dragon's tail (countable and uncountable, plural dragon's tails)

(countable) A thermistor that is towed behind a ship to measure the ocean's temperature.


resistometer

A device that measures the resistance of an organism to destruction by heat


mucothermal

(medicine) Of a contraceptive method, based on the monitoring of the woman's cervical mucus and changes in her body temperature.


mafted

By Gum it is warm, Aw'm that mafted Aw can hardly breeathe!


thermodestabilize

en-verb

thermodestabilize (third-person singular simple present thermodestabilizes, present participle thermodestabilizing, simple past and past participle thermodestabilized)

thermodestabilizes (present singular third-person)
thermodestabilizing (participle present)
thermodestabilized (participle past)
thermodestabilized (past)


thermofluid dynamics

(physics) fluid dynamics affected by the application of heat


chillproof

chillproof (third-person singular simple present chillproofs, present participle chillproofing, simple past and past participle chillproofed)

chillproofs (present singular third-person)
chillproofing (participle present)
chillproofed (participle past)
chillproofed (past)

To treat (typically a beer) such that no cloudiness forms upon chilling


lukecold

en-adj

lukecold (comparative more lukecold, superlative most lukecold)

more lukecold (comparative)
most lukecold (superlative)

Blend of lukewarm + cold, equivalent to luke (“lukewarm”) + cold.

A hot, more strictly speaking, a luke-cold, bath was welcome at this point, and in the dry clothes brought by the poste and a new pair of slippers, purchased on the spot for two and a half francs, I was perfectly comfortable, and, as usual, in that happy frame of mind that a hard day's tramp always brings.

1920, Earl Trumbull Williams, Diary of a trip abroad in the summer of 1910, →LCCN, page 185:

When Mrs. Whittle asked Billie if the water in the Rest Room was cold, Billie replied in the affirmative, but Mrs. Whittle, after taking a drink of it, said: “Billie, that water is not cold,” to which Billie replied: “Well, it is luke cold.”

1921, Pollyanna Wigginton, “Keyboard Klippings”, in Jeffry Service, volume VII, number IX, Jeffrey Manufacturing Company, page 12:

She put her hand on a luke-cold milk bottle and said, "Did Rudy come today?"

1983 [1981], John Crowley, “The Art of Memory”, in Little, Big, Bantam Books, →ISBN, page 459:

Jeff took a slug of his lukecold beer.

2009, Geoff Dyer, Jeff in Venice, Death in Varanasi, Edinburgh: Canongate, →ISBN, page 46:

(rare, temperature) Between warm and cool, but cooler than lukewarm.


bitter cold

Coined by William Shakespeare in 1602 in "Hamlet," act 1, scene 1:
: For this relief much thanks. 'Tis bitter cold,
: And I am sick at heart.

Very cold and unpleasant. (of an environment)


crack the flags

en-verb

crack the flags (third-person singular simple present cracks the flags, present participle cracking the flags, simple past and past participle cracked the flags)

cracks the flags (present singular third-person)
cracking the flags (participle present)
cracked the flags (participle past)
cracked the flags (past)

See flag (“a flagstone”); the idea is that the extreme heat might cause paving-stones to split.

Early summer sunshine threatened to crack the flags outside.

1998, Julia Wild, Blue Silk Promise, page 80:

I was apprehensive, feeling butterflies, pissed, the sun cracking the flags.

2005, Andrew Porter, Suicide Squad: The Inside Story of a Football Firm:

[…] plus the sun was still cracking the flags as we headed back to Geneva.

2008, Dave Spencer, A Smudge on My Lens, page 276:

The sun's hot enough to crack the flags and there's not a cloud in sight.

2010, Maureen Lee, The House By Princes Park:

'Tis fit to crack the flags so you'll not be wantin' your brolly.

2012, Audrey Howard, There is No Parting:

(northern England, colloquial) Of the sun or sunshine: to beat down very strongly; to be extremely hot.


superfrost

en-noun

superfrost (countable and uncountable, plural superfrosts)

In the same category, one encompasses waters of multi-yearly superfrost talics, which exist thanks to the thermal effect of surface waters. The water of the active layer occurs on permafrost soil, which makes up the water confining basement, and propagate in lower forms of topography and on large divide areas or slopes.

1993, A. M. Galperin, Anatoliĭ Moiseevich Galʹperin, V. S. Zaytsev, Yu. A. Norvatov, Aleksandrovich Norvatov, Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology: Geotechnika - Selected Translations of Russian Geotechnical Literature 8, Taylor & Francis, →ISBN, page 67:

The distribution of species across the tundra may be explained by the similar humidity regime across all sites (hyperhumidity). High humidity of all types of tundra soil results from low evaporation and a high level of superfrost in tundra.

1998, Proceedings RMRS., Rocky Mountain Research Station, page 51:

Depending on frost conditions, groundwater may be grouped in three classes: superfrost, interfrost and subfrost.

2017, A.L. Goldin, Design of Earth Dams, CRC Press, →ISBN:

(rare) Groundwater that is found immediately above the permafrost layer, which seasonally thaws, but is kept frozen more of the year due to the cold from the permafrost layer.

Unprecedented solar flares bombard the earth. The planet's magnetic field vanishes. Raging down the glacier valleys from the polar plateau, the Katabatic winds unleash Condition One: blizzard, superfrost and white outs.

1982, Crawford Kilian, Icequake, Berkley Books, →ISBN, page 275:


temperature gun

temperature gun (plural temperature guns)

a handheld non-contact thermometer shaped roughly like a handgun


frigify

en-verb

frigify (third-person singular simple present frigifies, present participle frigifying, simple past and past participle frigified)

frigifies (present singular third-person)
frigifying (participle present)
frigified (participle past)
frigified (past)

/ˈfɹɪd͡ʒɪfaɪ/

Learned borrowing from New Latin frīgēficō, frīgēficāre, causative of Classical frīgeō.

lbor

[…]then frigify it, & reſerve it in a pot, & drinck heerof thrice a vveecke, at Even, and at Morne, a ſpoone full, this corrobarateth the Braynes, and is adiuvable to the Memorye, and cauſeth Sleep.

1599, “For the Rheumes”, in Oswaldus Gabelhover, translated by Charles Batrus, The Boock of Phyſicke […] , volume 1, Dorte: Isaac Caen, page 10:

I saw at once that modern conventionalities would not be able to frigify such a mass as was here thrown together[…]

1859, Bayard Taylor, “The Court of King Otho”, in Travels in Greece and Russia, with an Excursion to Crete, G. P. Putnam, page 66:

Is It true, though fathomless, that at certain depths thy cold is so intense as to frigify any animal submerged?

1880 January 15, “First Special Excursion to the Lakes”, in Otago Daily Times, number 5586, supplement, page 1:


temperaturewise

Locations on the equator are a lot hotter than elsewhere temperaturewise.


wax point

(petrochemistry) The temperature below which a hydrocarbon fuel such as kerosene ceases to flow freely due to components of the fuel freezing into solid waxes.


chill to the bone

en-verb

chill to the bone (third-person singular simple present chills to the bone, present participle chilling to the bone, simple past and past participle chilled to the bone)

chills to the bone (present singular third-person)
chilling to the bone (participle present)
chilled to the bone (participle past)
chilled to the bone (past)

I was just chilled to the bone.

Till now I always got by on my own / I never really cared until I met you / And now it chills me to the bone / How do I get you alone? / How do I get you alone?

1983, Billy Steinberg, Tom Kelly, “Alone”, in Bad Animals, performed by Heart, published 1987:

(idiomatic) To make someone extremely cold, or to be extremely cold.


frozen star

frozen+star
* (stellar black hole, black hole alternative): From relativity predicting the passage of time slowing to a stop as the star collapses through its event horizon, "freezing" time and the star.
* (Population 0 star): From the existence of frozen volatiles, such as water ice, existing in the atmosphere and on the surface of such a star

sense

(astronomy) A proposed theoretical type of Population 0 star, which could exist in the far future, with a very high metallicity allowing for stars with very low mass, resulting in a nuclear fusion cored star with a surface temperature close to the triple-point of water.


boiling-point elevation

en-noun

boiling-point elevation (countable and uncountable, plural boiling-point elevations)

(physical chemistry, physics) The phenomenon that the boiling point of a liquid (a solvent) will be higher when another compound is added.


ice saints

ice saints pl (normally plural, singular ice saint)

Perhaps a calque of German Eisheilige; compare French saints de glace.

For quotations using this term, see Citations:ice saints.

blackthorn winter
blackthorn winter#English

blackberry winter
blackberry winter#English

A spell of cold weather in May on or around those dates. (Compare blackthorn winter, blackberry winter.)


confinement time

confinement time (countable and uncountable, plural confinement times)

autoignition temperature
autoignition temperature

(nuclear physics) The amount of time the plasma is maintained at a temperature above the critical autoignition temperature; in this case the temperature needed to start a fusion.