anti-Semitism

en-noun

anti-Semitism (countable and uncountable, plural anti-Semitisms)

anti-Semitisms (plural)
antisemitism (alternative)
anti-semitism (alternative)

/ˌæntɪˈsɛmɪˌtɪzəm/

Leibniz Institute for the German Language

From German Antisemitismus. It is typically said that German political agitator Wilhelm Marr invented the term to replace Judenhaß (literally “Jew-hatred”) to make hatred of the Jews seem rational and sanctioned by scientific knowledge; Marr founded the Antisemitenliga ("Anti-Semites' League") in 1879, used the terms Semitismus and Antisemiten in his 1879 and 1880 pamphlets Der Sieg des Judenthums über das Germanenthum and Der Weg zum Siege des Germanenthums über das Judenthum, and used Antisemitismus at least as early as his 1885 pamphlet Lessing contra Sem. The related term antisemitisch (“anti-semitic”) was first used in 1860, by Jewish scholar Moritz Steinschneider. See Wikipedia's article on the etymology and usage of the term.
The term is superficially/synchronically equivalent to anti- + Semitism (see Semite), for which reason it is rarely extended to cover prejudice against any Semitic people, or against adherents of any of the religions that originated among the Semitic peoples (the Abrahamic religions). See the usage notes.

Антисемитизмом называется распространение вражды к евреям. Когда проклятая царская монархия доживала свое последнее время, она старалась натравить темных рабочих и крестьян на евреев. Царская полиция в союзе с помещиками и капиталистами устраивала еврейские погромы. Ненависть измученных нуждой рабочих и крестьян помещики и капиталисты старались направить на евреев. И в других странах приходится видеть нередко, что капиталисты разжигают вражду к евреям, чтобы засорить глаза рабочего, чтобы отвлечь их взоры от настоящего врага трудящихся — от капитала.

1969 [1919], Lenin, V. I., “О погромной травле евреев”, in В. И. Ленин – Полное собрание сочинений, volume 38, pages 242-243; English translation from “Anti-Jewish Pogroms”, in George Hanna, transl., Lenin’s Collected Works, volume 29, translation of original in Russian, 1974, pages 252 - 253:

Antisemitizmom nazyvajetsja rasprostranenije vraždy k jevrejam. Kogda prokljataja carskaja monarxija doživala svoje posledneje vremja, ona staralasʹ natravitʹ temnyx rabočix i krestʹjan na jevrejev. Carskaja policija v sojuze s pomeščikami i kapitalistami ustraivala jevrejskije pogromy. Nenavistʹ izmučennyx nuždoj rabočix i krestʹjan pomeščiki i kapitalisty staralisʹ napravitʹ na jevrejev. I v drugix stranax prixoditsja videtʹ neredko, što kapitalisty razžigajut vraždu k jevrejam, štoby zasoritʹ glaza rabočevo, štoby otvlečʹ ix vzory ot nastojaščevo vraga trudjaščixsja — ot kapitala.

It isn’t surprising that American Jews fear far-right anti-Semitism more than anti-Semitism from any other source: the Anti-Defamation League has found that it is the source of the vast majority of ideologically motivated extremist violence in the U.S.

2020, Joel Swanson, “Are anti-Semitism fears stopping Jewish Dems from supporting Bernie Sanders?”, in The Forward:

(narrower sense) Prejudice, discrimination, hostility or political or religious opposition directed against ethnic or religious Jews or against Judaism; antijudaism; judeophobia.


banana

banana (countable and uncountable, plural bananas)

Borrowed from Portuguese banana or Spanish banana, derived from a Niger-Congo language spoken in the Guinea region. Specific derivation is unclear. Possible ancestor or cognate languages include Wolof banaana, Eastern Maninkakan banana, and Vai ꕒꘌꕯ (ɓaana) or ꕒꕌꕯ (ɓaana). However, Ay Baati Wolof (Munro & Gaye, 1997) posits that Wolof banaana is itself derived from Portuguese banana.
The racial slur derives from the notion that they are "Yellow (East-Asian) on the outside, White (Westernized) on the inside".

banánový (corresponding to English attributive use)

(corresponding to English attributive use) banánový

(derogatory, ethnic slur) A person of East or Southeast Asian descent, considered to be overly assimilated and subservient to white authority.


egg

egg (countable and uncountable, plural eggs)

→⇒ German: not the yellow from the egg

Jamaican Creole: eg

Sranan Tongo: eksi

The noun is derived from Middle English eg, egg, egge (“egg of a domestic or wild fowl; egg of a snake”) [and other forms] (originally Northern England and Northeast Midlands), from Old Norse egg (“egg”), from Proto-Germanic *ajją (“egg”) (by Holtzmann’s law), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm (“egg”), probably from *h₂éwis (“bird”), from *h₂ew- (“to clothe oneself, dress; to be dressed”) (in the sense of an animal clothed in feathers). Doublet of huevo, oeuf, and ovum.
The native English ey [and other forms] (plural eyren) (obsolete), from Old English ǣġ, is also derived from Proto-Germanic *ajją. It survived into at least c. 16th century before being fully displaced by egg.
The verb is derived from the noun.

wôwan

approximately spherical or ellipsoidal body produced by birds, insects, reptiles, and other animals, housing the embryo within a membrane or shell during its development

ou

thing which looks like or is shaped like an egg

egg

person regarded as having not yet realized they are transgender, or who has not yet come out as transgender or is in the early stages of transitioning; one’s lack of awareness that one is transgender

kill the goose that lays the golden eggs

there's more than one way to cook an egg

there's more than one way to crack an egg

(derogatory, ethnic slur, rare) A white person considered to be overly infatuated with East Asia.


SA

Initialism of North Sulawesi, a province of Indonesia.


RR

en-noun

RR (countable and uncountable, plural RRs)


talk

talk (countable and uncountable, plural talks)

From Middle English talk, talke (“conversation; discourse”), from the verb (see above).

Later, I made sure to have the talk with my son about being a black boy, […]

2012, Crystal McCrary, Inspiration: Profiles of Black Women Changing Our World, →ISBN:

All the black parents I have ever spoken to have had “the talk” with their sons and daughters. “The talk” is a conversation about how to behave and not to behave with police.

2016, Jim Wallis, America's Original Sin: Racism, White Privilege, and the Bridge, →ISBN:

Now, I was a black man in the South, and my folks had had “the talk” with me. No, not the one about the birds and bees. This one is about the black man and the police.

2016, Stuart Scott, Larry Platt, Every Day I Fight, →ISBN, page 36:

(preceded by the) A customary conversation by parent(s) or guardian(s) with their (often teenage) child about a reality of life; in particular:

(US) A customary conversation in which the parent(s) of a black child explain the racism and violence they may face, especially when interacting with police, and strategies to manage it.


race

race (countable and uncountable, plural races)

From Middle English race, partially from Old English rǣs (“a race, swift or violent running, rush, onset”), from Proto-West Germanic *rās; and partially from Old Norse rás (“a running, race”); both from Proto-Germanic *rēsō (“a course”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁s- (“to flow, rush”). Cognate with Middle Low German râs (“a strong current”), Dutch ras (“a strong whirling current”), Danish ræs, Norwegian and Swedish ras, Norwegian rås.

cog

I have lately seen a shuttle machine of Messrs. Grover Baker's construction, in which the shuttle worked in a semi-circular race and produced two stitches at each revolution of the wheel.

1860, Charles Cole, The Sewing Machine, and its Capabilities, page 53:

Meanwhile another lug on the shuttle-band engages another carrier at the other end of the loom, and the belt, continuing to move in the same direction, conveys the carrier across the race in a similar manner as above described.

1872 November 29, “Improved Loom for Weaving Fabrics of Any Width”, in The English Mechanic and Word of Science, volume 16, number 401, page 259:

A guide or channel that a component of a machine moves along:

(sewing, weaving) A groove on a sewing machine or a loom along which the shuttle moves.


race

1560s, via Middle French race from Italian razza (early 14th century), of uncertain origin. Partially displaced native Middle English kinde (“kind, type, sort, race, nature”), whence English kind.
theories
* Diez and some other scholars suggest derivation from Proto-Germanic *raitō (whence Old High German reiza (“line”) and Old Norse ríta (“to score, log, outline”)), perhaps via Lombardic *raiza (“line”), which Körting notes is a literal rendering of Latin linea sanguinis (“bloodline of descent”). Anatoly Liberman says "the semantic fit is good" but the chronology falters; he says the Germanic word went out of use before the Italian word arose, and he says the intermediary is not attested.
* Some scholars suggest derivation from Old Spanish raza, rasa, from earlier ras, res (“head of cattle”), from Arabic رَأْس (raʔs, “head”), but Italian razza predates the Spanish word according to Diez and Meyer-Lübke.
* Meyer-Lübke suggested Latin generatio as the root; Körting says "the disappearance of two initial syllables hardly seems credible", but Meyer-Lübke notes the Venetian form narazza and the Old Bellunesian form naraccia, positing that after the first syllable ge- was lost, the remaining (una) narazza came to be reanalysed as una razza.
* Gianfranco Contini suggests the Italian word comes from Old French haraz (“troop of horses”), whence Modern French haras (“breeding farm for horses; stud farm”), from Old Norse hárr (“grey-haired; hoary”). Liberman considers this derivation the most likely.
* Other suggested Latin etyma:
** radius (perhaps via Vulgar Latin *radia) (per Baist).
** radix (“root”) (per Ulrich); Liberman says "the semantic match is excellent", and race (“rhizome of ginger”) (which definitely derives from radix) shows that the phonology is plausible.
** *raptiare (“breed falcons”) (per Körting).
** The nominative of ratio (perhaps via an unattested intermediate form *razzo), as opposed to ragione which derives from the accusative rationem.
* Other implausible suggestions include Slavic raz and Basque arraca, supposedly meaning "stud animal" (Basque arrazza, "race", derives from Spanish).

raça

a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics

عِرْق

a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics

raça

a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics

And now I give my sensual race the rein.

c. 1603–1604, William Shakespeare, Measure for Measure, act 2, scene 4:

[…]some great race of fancy or judgment in the contrivance[…]

1685, Sir William Temple, Upon the Gardens of Epicurus; or, Of Gardening:

His conversation, too, had a race and flavour peculiarly its own: it was nervous, sententious, and tinctured with genuine wit.

1807, Alexander Fraser Tytler, Lord Woodhouselee, Memoirs of the Life and Writings of the Honourable Henry Home of Kames, volume 1, book 2, chapter 1, Edinburgh: William Creech, page 181:

(obsolete) Characteristic quality or disposition.

In ſeveral orders of knighthood, as in that of Malta, &c. the candidates muſt prove a nobility of four races or deſcents.

1738 [1728], Ephraim Chambers, “Race”, in Cyclopaedia: Or, An Universal Dictionary Of Arts and Sciences, 2nd edition, London: D. Midwinter:

We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them—they are a legacy bequeathed us, by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed race of ancestors.

1838, Abraham Lincoln, Young Men's Lyceum address:

Perhaps this is the reason why it is an article of faith with the servants, handed down from race to race, that the departed Tisher was a hairdresser.

1870, Charles Dickens, “The Nun's House”, in The Mystery of Edwin Drood:

For the old stock is fast dying out, Jennie, / And a young race is taking their place, / In our grandmothers' day they had sense, Jennie, / No powder or paints on their face.

1929 December, Johnny Burke, “No Short Skirts To Their Knees”, in Burke's Popular Songs, St. John's, Newfoundland: Long Brothers:

(obsolete) A step in a lineage or succession; a generation.


race

en-verb

race (third-person singular simple present races, present participle racing, simple past and past participle raced)

races (present singular third-person)
racing (participle present)
raced (participle past)
raced (past)

[…]and after he be-heilde towarde the fier, and saugh the flesshe that the knaue hadde rosted that was tho I-nough, and raced it of with his hondes madly, and rente it a-sonder in peces, and wette it in mylke, and after in the hony, and ete as a wood man that nought ther lefte of the flessh;[…]

c. 1450, chapter 23, in Henry Benjamin Wheatley, editor, Merlin or the Early History of King Arthur, volume 2, Early English Text Society, published 1899, page 424:


echo

en-noun

echo (countable and uncountable, plural echoes or echos)

echoes (plural)
echos (plural)
echoe (alternative)
eccho (alternative)

From Middle English eccho, ecco, ekko, from Medieval Latin ecco, from Latin echo, from Ancient Greek ἠχώ (ēkhṓ), from ἠχή (ēkhḗ, “sound”). Possibly from the same Proto-Indo-European root as sough.

NATO/ICAO Phonetic Alphabet
w:NATO Phonetic Alphabet

(international standards) Alternative letter-case form of Echo from the NATO/ICAO Phonetic Alphabet.


white guilt

Is white guilt supposed to make me forget I'm running a business?

1997, Quentin Tarantino, Jackie Brown, spoken by Max Cherry (Robert Forster):

The individual or collective guilt felt by some white people for harm resulting from past or current racist treatment of other ethnicities by white people.


klavern

“I read a story about the klan in a national magazine. I decided, just for kicks, to see if I could obtain membership. Well, I got my membership card. And I was also appointed ‘Great Titan’ to organize and set up a klavern [local unit] here in Idaho.”

1965 February 25, Paul L. Bellesen, quotee, “The Klan's Man in Idaho A Card-Carrying Negro”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


Ku Klux Klan

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κύκλος (kúklos, “circle”) and clan, split syllabically into three words, with the first letter of clan changing to a 'k' in order to match the initial letters of the previous two words.

bor+

The very suspicion of seditious utterances against the government, suspected complicity in the Ku Klux Klan, or complaint by a negro that a white man had been uppity to him were enough to land a citizen in jail.

1936 June 30, Margaret Mitchell, Gone with the Wind, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC; republished New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, 1944, →OCLC, part IV, page 653:

An American white supremacist secret society and terrorist organization.


racist

1932 (noun), 1938 (adjective). Formed from racism (1928), paralleling French raciste (1892).
Replaced older racialist (1910). Equivalent to race + -ist.

I don't blame racists, sexists, lookists, or any other “ists” for what they personify and perpetuate. They are mere hostages of their egos.

2007, Fran Harris, Will the REAL You Please Stand Up?:

Almost all the students I interviewed and worked with in group-facilitated discussions resisted being called a racist. This label was just too painful and for most students would not be accepted.

2009, Shirley R. Steinberg, Diversity and Multiculturalism: A Reader, page 104:

Narrators demonstrated resistance coping techniques through direct confrontation with aggressors, such as racists, sexists, homophobes, elitists, and misogynoirists.

2022 December 6, LeAnna T. Luney, “Like our foremothers survived: Self-education, direct confrontation, and humor as resistance coping in Black womxn and femme college student being”, in Frontiers in Education, volume 7, →DOI, page 10:

A person who believes in or supports racism; a person who believes that a particular race is superior to others, or who discriminates against other races.

rassis

person who believes a particular race is superior to others.

人種差別主義者

じんしゅさべつしゅぎしゃ


racism

en-noun

racism (usually uncountable, plural racisms)

From French racisme. See race, -ism for more.

For, if racism against non-whites is morally wrong and unjustifiable, then how can racism against whites be morally right and justifiable?

2007, Joseph Godson Amamoo, Ghana: 50 years of independence:

This was partly true, but the biggest thing stopping him was that he had tried going to a college in Adelaide before and grew tired of the little racisms and discrimination that he got there.

2016, Bernard Guerin, How to Rethink Human Behavior, →ISBN:

Prejudice or discrimination based upon race or ethnicity; (countable) an action of such discrimination.

arʹsny öngöör jalgavarlan gaduurxax üzel

арьсны өнгөөр ялгаварлан гадуурхах үзэл


Jim Crow

/ˌdʒɪm ˈkɹoʊ/

From the minstrel show song Jump Jim Crow, written in 1828 by Thomas D. Rice, the originator of blackface performance.

Texas stands for segregation—for Jim Crow cars, for eating in separate restaurants, for sitting in separate rail coaches, for doing all the things which make white and black people in the United States realise how different they are.

1950 February, Leonard Lindsay, in John O'London's Weekly, “The Jim Crow Car”, in Railway Magazine, page 126:

Many of us like to ask ourselves, 'What would I do if I was alive during slavery? Or the Jim Crow South? Or apartheid? What would I do if my country was committing genocide?

2024 February 26, Courtney Kube, Marlene Lenthang, Corky Siemaszko, quoting Aaron Bushnell, “U.S. Air Force member who set himself on fire outside Israeli Embassy in D.C. has died”, in NBC News:

(historical) Southern United States racist and especially segregationist policies in the late 1800s and early to mid 1900s, taken collectively.


Brownshirt

Brownshirts (plural)
brownshirt (alternative)
Brown shirt (alternative)
brown shirt (alternative)

Calque of German Braunhemd, the nickname for a member of the Sturmabteilung, in reference to their brown uniforms. Equivalent to brown + shirt.

A heavy arched door was pouring a raucous and lurching party of Brownshirts on to the trampled snow. […] Half-way up the vaulted stairs a groaning Brownshirt, propped against the wall on a swastika'd arm, was unloosing, in a staunchless gush down the steps, the intake of hours.

1977, Patrick Leigh Fermor, “The Munich Hofbräuhaus”, in A Time of Gifts:

(historical) A uniformed member of the German Nazi Party (NSDAP), especially a storm trooper of the Sturmabteilung.


übermensch

übermenschen (plural)
Übermensch (alternative)
ubermensch (alternative)

Untermensch

antonym(s) of “figure in Nietzschean philosophy”

Unadapted borrowing from German Übermensch.

ubor

(Nazism and white supremacy) A member of the proposed Aryan super race.


Aryan

General American, Mary–marry–merry merger

From Sanskrit आर्य (ā́rya, “noble; noble one”) + -n. The Sanskrit word is from Proto-Indo-Iranian *áryas (the original Indo-Iranian autonym). Borrowed into English in the 19th century, at first as a term for the Indo-Iranian languages, and later partly extended to the Indo-European languages and peoples following a theory by Friedrich Schlegel that connected the Indo-Iranian words arya/ā́rya with German Ehre (“honor”) and some older Germanic names, thus assuming that it was the original Indo-European autonym meaning "the honorable people". The original meaning of the Indo-Iranian autonym and its possible Indo-European origin/cognates are disputed (see the Wikipedia article for further details).
The same Proto-Indo-Iranian root is the ultimate source of the country name Iran.

der

This short sketch of the changes that take place among those races that are only the depositories of a culture also furnishes a picture of the development and the activity and the disappearance of those who are the true founders of culture on this earth, namely the Aryans themselves.

1925–26, Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, translation from German to English by James Murphy, 1939

(theosophy, Germanic mysticism, Nazism) A member of a race defined variously as comprising people of Germanic descent, in the narrowest sense, or all non-Jewish Caucasians, in the broadest sense

One transmission advantage may have been that espousing Aryan-supremacist and overtly Nazi ideology could have been a roundabout way of announcing, […]

2001, Robert J. Sternberg, James C. Kaufman, The Evolution of Intelligence, page 300:

The point is not that southern Republicans are edging toward Aryan-supremacist views but that the rhetoric of their campaigns and some of their political […]

2002, David R. Goldfield, Still Fighting the Civil War: The American South and Southern History, page 263:

(Nazism or white supremacy, informal) A person of Caucasian (white / Northern European) ethnicity; a white non-Jew.

Cal tried to think of words that would convey Wolfgang Stahl to the ears and hands of a woman who’d never seen him and never, until now, had to imagine him.
 […]
 ‘Why not . . . why not think of your chap as a type? Tell me what type you’d sort of put him into.’
 ‘Sort of?’
 ‘You know . . . roughly.’
 ‘He’s an Aryan.’
 ‘Ah, one of those, eh? Odd when you think about it. I mean. How did they arrive at blue-eyed blonds as a racial type? Hitler’s short and dark and looks like Charlie Chaplin. Goebbels is short and ugly and looks like a rat. And as for Goering – well is that what Billy Bunter grew up to be?’

2004, John Lawton, Bluffing Mr. Churchill:

(chiefly US, informal, euphemistic) A Caucasian racist, often one who is an Aryan in the first sense.


neo-Nazi

Originally from postwar (1952) French néonazi, equivalent to neo- + Nazi, used to describe any number of movements, which saw themselves as believers of Nazi ideology or whose ideology had similar attributes. The term spread throughout the Western world acquiring a broader usage.


glow

en-verb

glow (third-person singular simple present glows, present participle glowing, simple past glowed or (dialectal) glew, past participle glowed or (dialectal) glown)

glows (present singular third-person)
glowing (participle present)
glowed (past)
glew (dialectal past)
glowed (participle past)
glown (dialectal participle past)

From Middle English glowen, from Old English glōwan, from Proto-Germanic *glōaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰel-. Cognate with Saterland Frisian gloie, glöie, gluuje, West Frisian gloeie, Dutch gloeien, German glühen, Danish and Norwegian glo, Icelandic glóa, Finnish loistaa. See also glass.

(Internet slang, alt-right) to expose someone to the authorities.

(Internet slang, alt-right) to create a threatening online post that may involve violence, and look suspicious enough to attract a police investigation.


Islamonazism

1989 December 28, “Bumiputra and Islamonazism”, in talk.politics.mideast (Usenet):

From the river to the sea, the whole land will one day be free — free of all the terrorist factions, and free for people of every religious faith to live without fear of Islamonazism, in all its perverse variations.

2002 December 5, Dave Kopel, “A Rich Tradition”, in The National Review:

2010 October 6, “Islamonazism and its historic, systematic and continue persecution of Christians ("Christains" to some)”, in alt.politics.immigration (Usenet):

(chiefly US, derogatory, offensive) Islamist Nazism, Nazi Islamism: a real or imagined conflation of Nazism and Islamism.


blitzkrieg

blitzkrieg Tanks (canonical)
motor vehicles (canonical)
blitzkriegs (plural)

Unadapted borrowing from German Blitzkrieg (literally “lightning war”).

ubor

I rode a tank, held a general's rank / When the Blitzkrieg raged and the bodies stank

1968, Keith Richards, Mick Jagger (lyrics and music), “Sympathy for the Devil”, in Beggars Banquet, performed by Rolling Stones:

A fast military offensive, typically involving a large and highly mobile tank force with air support.


Twinkie

The brand name is said to be a diminutive, twinkle + -ie (or otherwise modified), based on a billboard for "Twinkle Toe Shoes" in St. Louis, although there are also claims for solely one or the other. The meaning in reference to well-assimilated Asians is derived from the slur that they are "yellow on the outside, white on the inside".

(food) A yellow cake with a creamy white filling, known for its artificiality and supposedly long shelf life.

(derogatory, ethnic slur) Synonym of banana: A person of East Asian descent considered to have overly assimilated and to be subservient to white authority, an East Asian race traitor.


Oreo

National Biscuit Company
Oreo
Oreo#Etymology
Wikipedia

Brand name of unknown origin, trademarked by National Biscuit Company on 14 March 1912. See the Etymology section of Wikipedia's Oreo article for various theories. In reference to well-assimilated black people, derived from the slur that they are "black on the outside, white on the inside".

The Oreo is really an antidepressant drug disguised as a cookie. You lost your job? Eat a bag of Oreos... There are two ways to eat Oreos. Kids like to pull the chocolate wafers apart and eat the sweat, creamy middle first. Adults dunk them in milk.

1984 December, Michael Norman, "Junk Food", Cincinnati, p. 67

While Oreo cream may not appear to possess fluid-like properties, it is considered a "yield stress fluid"—a soft solid when unperturbed that can start to flow under enough stress... Curious as to whether other had explored the connection between Oreos and rheology, Owens found mention of a 2016 Princeton University study in which physicists first reported that indeed, when twisting Oreos by hand, the cream almost always came off on one wafer.

2022 April 19, Jennifer Chu, "MIT Engineers Introduce the Oreometer", MIT News

(foods) A cookie made of two wafers joined with a sugary filling, particularly a Nabisco cookie with two alkalized cocoa-powder wafers around a white creme filling.


mulatto

Borrowed from Portuguese and/or Spanish mulato (“of mixed breed, young mule”), from mulo (“mule”), from Latin mūlus (“mule”). Perhaps an allusion to the hybrid origin of mules.

bor

Respectable folk who did not want trouble stayed withindoors; but young apprentices were abroad in force; Negroes and mulattoes; rope- makers and laborers from along the waterfront; and sailors hastening ashore from the ships […]

1949, Edward Nicholas, The hours and the ages: a sequence of Americans, page 77:

The supermodelesque mulatto woman licked her lips and smiled invitingly.

2004, Arthur Herzog, Jr, Icetopia, page 78:

The official mouthpiece of the Rosas government, La Gaceta Mercantil, praised Afro-Argentines as “valiant defenders of liberty who have won fame and glory in a hundred battles,” adding that “General Rosas so appreciates the mulattos and morenos that he has no objection to seating them at his table and eating with them.”
In other respects, however, the persistence of racism against Afro-Argentines, Indians, and gauchos showed regrettable continuities with the colonial past.

2005, Jeffrey M. Shumway, The Case of the Ugly Suitor & Other Histories of Love, Gender, & Nation in Buenos Aires, 1776-1870:

(historical, now sometimes derogatory) A person of mixed black and white descent, especially a person with one black and one white parent or two mulatto parents.


quadroon

From Spanish cuarterón (“¾ white, a child of a European and a mestizo”), from cuarto (“one-fourth”) + -on (“-oon: forming related nouns”), from Latin quartus (“one-fourth”). Doublet of cuarteron.

der

There were slow boys and bashful boys, feeble boys and riotous boys, boys that lisped and boys that stuttered, one or two lame ones, and a merry little quadroon, who could not be taken in elsewhere, but who was welcome to the ‘Bhaer-garten’, though some people predicted that his admission would ruin the school.

1869, Louisa M[ay] Alcott, chapter 47, in Little Women: […], part second, Boston, Mass.: Roberts Brothers, →OCLC:

1938, Xavier Herbert, Capricornia, Chapter V, p. 63; Chapter VIII, p. 120 https://archive.org/details/capricornianovel00herb
Diana was a black quadroon, her father being a blackfellow.
He was the father of four quadroons who were regarded as half-castes because the lighter part of their mother's blood was Asiatic, and he was only too well aware of what their future would be should he desert them.

(dated, chiefly historical) A person considered three-fourths white, having one non-white grandparent.


quadroon

Before them, with her face upraised,
In timid attitude,
Like one half curious, half amazed,
A Quadroon maiden stood.

1842, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, The Quadroon Girl:

"What need you getting drunk, then, and cutting up, Prue?" said a spruce quadroon chambermaid, dangling, as she spoke, a pair of coral ear-drops.

1851 June – 1852 April, Harriet Beecher Stowe, chapter XVII, in Uncle Tom’s Cabin; or, Life among the Lowly, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), Boston, Mass.: John P[unchard] Jewett & Company; Cleveland, Oh.: Jewett, Proctor & Worthington, published 20 March 1852, →OCLC:

The quadroon girl is sold at the auction-stand, the drunkard nods by the bar-room stove, […]

1892, Walt Whitman, “Song of Myself”, in Leaves of Grass […], Philadelphia, Pa.: David McKay, publisher, […], →OCLC, page 40:

(dated, chiefly historical) Of or related to quadroons.

квартерон

three fourths Caucasian and one fourth African in descent


euthanasia

en-noun

euthanasia (usually uncountable, plural euthanasias)

euthanasias (plural)
euthanasy (alternative)

→ Japanese: ユーサネイジア (yūsaneijia)

/juːθəˈneɪʒə/

First attested in 1606, from Ancient Greek εὐθανασία (euthanasía), from εὐ- (eu-, “good”) + θάνατος (thánatos, “death”)

vdekje e lehtë

practice of killing a human being or animal

Nevertheless, as Henry Friedlander pointed out years ago, it was not Jews but mentally and physically disabled people who became targets of the ﬁrst large-scale, systematic killings in Nazi Germany, under the euphemistically labelled “Euthanasia Program.”

2016, Doris L. Bergen, “Introduction”, in War and Genocide: A Concise History of the Holocaust, page 3:

(euphemistic, especially Nazism) The practice of killing a human being who is considered a liability to society, especially a disabled person.


apartheid

apartheid (countable and uncountable, plural apartheids)

Borrowed from Afrikaans apartheid (literally “separateness, apartness”) (1929 in a South African socio-political context), from Afrikaans apart (“separate”) + suffix -heid, cognate of English -hood.

bor

The 1973 Apartheid Convention conferred universal jurisdiction to the state signatories to prosecute those who commit apartheid.

When the doors of a business are open to the public, they must be open to all regardless of race if apartheid is not to become engrained in our public […] .

1963, Justice William O. Douglas, concurring, Lombard v. Louisiana (373 U.S. 267)

Jim Crow miscegenation laws enforced apartheid in marriage.

2006 March 3, Leslie Feinberg, “Civil rights leaders were gay-baited, red-baited”, in Workers World:

(by extension) Any similar policy of racial separation or segregation and discrimination, particularly when in favor of a minority rule.


wapanese

wapanese (plural)
Wapanese (alternative)

Blend of white + Japanese under influence from wigger, ("white" + "nigger"), although sometimes parsed as wannabe + Japanese, popularized by the message board 4chan.

Now, I know some of you Wapanese (Caucasian Japan fanboys) might get your panties in a bunch, but it's my opinion. LIVE WITH IT.

2003 December 16, I. B. Blaqman [username], “I really hate the way Japanese media sensationalizes their so-called "superstars"”, in soc.culture.japan (Usenet):

She wasn't the best, Wapanese.

2006 February 28, Blowhole911 [username], “Re: Arakawa”, in soc.culture.japan (Usenet):

His making the greatest samurai legend in Japanese history a white guy in the middle of the closed country era pretty much sealed it that he's a Wapanese with a pen.

2007 November 5, WrestlingizReel [username], “Re: Too much Hiro in ancient Japan?”, in rec.arts.tv (Usenet):

(derogatory, ethnic slur, dated) Synonym of weeaboo: a person from elsewhere, particularly an unsocial white male, considered overly infatuated with Japanese culture.


putsch

Borrowed from German Putsch, from Alemannic German Putsch (“knock, thrust, blow”), of imitative origin.

onomatopoeic

imitative

Afterward, the ringleaders of the failed putsch were publicly executed.

2010, Thompson, M. 2010. Modernisation theory’s last redoubt: democratisation in east and south east Asia. In Yin-wah Chu and Siu-lun Wong (ed), 'East Asia's new democracies: deepening, reversal, non-liberal alternatives'. London, Routledge.p98.
"They have broken the democratic rules of the game by supporting popular mobilisation that has resulted in what can be dubbed a "people power putsch"."

A coup d'état; an illegal effort to forcibly overthrow the current government.

اِنْقِلَاب

a coup; an illegal effort to forcibly overthrow the current government


swastika

en-noun

swastika (countable and uncountable, plural swastikas)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit स्वस्तिक (svastika), from सु- (su-, “good, well”) + अस्ति (asti), a verbal abstract of the root of the verb "to be", स्वस्ति (svasti) thus meaning "well-being" — and the diminutive suffix क (ka); hence "little thing associated with well-being", corresponding roughly to "lucky charm". First attestation in English in 1871, a Sanskritism that replaced the Grecian term gammadion. From 1932 onwards it often referred specifically to the version used by the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (also called the "hooked cross", or German Hakenkreuz).

sauwastika

left-facing; symbolizing the night or the tantric aspects of Kali

This was signed by Dana Da, who added pentacles and pentagrams, and a crux ansata, and half-a-dozen swastikas, and a Triple Tau to his name, just to show that he was all he laid claim to be.

1888, Rudyard Kipling, “The Sending of Dana Da”, in In Black and White, Folio Society, published 2005, pages 423–4:

It is clear from archaeological finds that they enjoyed wearing Christian crosses, though they might enliven these with such symbols as the Indian swastika which Buddhists had brought them.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 270:

(countable) A cross with arms of equal length all bent halfway along at a 90° angle to the right or to the left, used as a religious symbol by various ancient and modern civilizations, but now mainly seen and used in the West (with arms angled to the right) as a symbol of Nazism and fascism.

swastika

a cross with arms of equal length all bent halfway along at a 90° angle

"Is that what you think of me? I believe in the Grail, not the Swastika!"

1989, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, spoken by Dr. Elsa Schneider (Alison Doody):

“I can’t imagine anyone believes in Communist culprits instead of a contract job commissioned on behalf of the swastika.”

2011, Rudolph Herzog, translated by Jefferson Chase, Dead Funny: Humor in Hitler's Germany, Brooklyn: Melville House, →ISBN, page 36:

(fascism, history, metonymically, uncountable) Nazi rule.

hakenkreuz

chiefly in India referring to the Nazi swastika


reverse racism

Based on the notion that racism is usually directed from the political majority to a political minority.

The unassailable statements that Indians are as good as we are, and better in some respects, and that their tribal ways are an important American value, shade imperceptibly into reverse racism: Indians are better than we are, in all respects, and their tribal ways will save and redeem us.

1935, The New Leader, volume 48, American Labor Conference on International Affairs, page 21:

By claiming that meritocratic judgments trump egalitarian efforts to produce tangible results, neoconservatives cast affirmative action policies as multiracial reverse racism and the major cause of racial divisiveness and low black self-esteem...

1996, George E. Curry, The Affirmative Action Debate, →ISBN, page 33:

(sociology) Racism against the racial majority (either a member or group of that majority or the majority in general).


Uncle Tom

Referring to the character in the novel Uncle Tom's Cabin.

...their master... was no ad for anybody but the most arcane Black Power, he was an old prince of a witch doctor—insult him at your peril—but the other ten musicians with their trumpets and snares and assorted brass would prove no pull for Nixon on TV with any Black votes watching, for they were old and meek, naught but elderly Black Southern musicians, a veritable Ganges of Uncle Toms. They had disappeared with Tom Swift and Little Lord Fauntleroy.

1968, Norman Mailer, “Nixon in Miami”, in Harper's, §6:

Some blacks don't want to deal with the black cop because they see him as an Uncle Tom, a person who stands by while the white cop abuses and shows disrespect toward other blacks.

1985 April 1, Steven Leinen, quoting a police officer, Black Police, White Society, NYU Press:

One of the less entertaining components of the Ali act was the way he tried to "outblack" someone like Frazier, call him an Uncle Tom, an "honorary white," when in fact Frazier had grown up dirt poor in South Carolina.

2014 April 2, David Remnick, King of the World: Muhammed Ali and the Rise of an American Hero, Knopf Doubleday:

"You are an Uncle Tom, Scott. You're for Sessions. How does a black man turn on his own," Scott said, reading criticisms of himself on social media.

2017 February 8, Burgess Everett, “Tim Scott, the lone black GOP senator, rises to Sessions' defense”, in Politico:

(derogatory, ethnic slur) A black man who is servile towards white authority and accepting of white supremacy, a black race traitor.


KKK

[…] 1919, a time when African American hopes for a just future following their service in World War I were dashed by violent reassertions of white supremacy, including the efflorescence and expansion of the KKK into the Midwestern and northwestern U.S.

2015, Heidi Nast, “Pit Bulls, Slavery, and Whiteness in the Mid- to Late-Nineteenth-Century U.S.”, in Rosemary-Claire Collard, Kathryn Gillespie, editors, Critical Animal Geographies, page 138:

(US politics) Initialism of Ku Klux Klan.


wigger

wiggers (plural)
wigga (alternative)
whigger (alternative)
whigga (alternative)

Blend of white + nigger. First use appears c. 1988. See cite below.

I have often heard the word "wigger" used to describe a white person who supposedly acts and talks "black," while the same type of taunting is put upon a black person who supposedly acts "white."

1988 April 20, “How race-conscious are high school students today?”, in The Washington Post, number ?, Washington, D.C., →ISSN, →OCLC, column ?:

To some extent wiggers are simply the most visible examples of a very American brand of teenage rebellion.

1999, Leonard Steinhorn et al., By the Color of Our Skin: The Illusion of Integration and the Reality of Race, page 178:

And I just do not got the patience
To deal with these cocky Caucasians
Who think I'm some wigger who just tries to be black...

cultural appropriator
cultural appropriator

(derogatory, ethnic slur) A white person, typically young and male, considered to be overly infatuated with African-American or (UK) Afro-Caribbean culture, a cultural appropriator.

(by extension, imprecise) A non-black person of any race considered to be inauthentically appropriating black culture and behavior.

The Oprah people were on the phone with my mom. Someone had given them my name as an expert on wiggers. You know, Wiggers. White kids who identify themselves with hip-hop. I was an expert on that.

1994 July 7, William Upski Wimsatt, “Wigger”, in Chicago Reader:

(African-American Vernacular, dated, now uncommon) A white person considered to be sincerely appreciative of black culture, as opposed to poseurs and wannabes.


Führer

Führers (plural)
Führer (plural)
Fuehrer (alternative)
Fuhrer (alternative)
fuhrer (alternative)

Borrowed from German Führer, modelled after Italian Duce.

When the Führer says we is the master race
We "Heil!" (Bronx cheer), "Heil!" (Bronx cheer) right in the Führer's face.

1942, Oliver Wallace (lyrics and music), “Der Fuehrer's Face”:

(historical, Nazism, definite) Adolf Hitler when he was the chancellor of Nazi Germany.


genocide

en-noun

genocide (countable and uncountable, plural genocides)

Armenian genocide
Terminology of the Armenian genocide
The Holocaust
genocide

Coined by lawyer of Polish-Jewish descent Raphael Lemkin in 1943 or 1944 in reference to the Armenian Genocide (then known by other names; see: Terminology of the Armenian genocide) and the Jewish Holocaust. From the stem of Ancient Greek γένος (génos, “race, kind”) (cognate with Latin gēns (“tribe, clan”), whence genus) + -cide (“killing, killer”). Doublet of gendercide. Compare genticide.

der

For the German occupying authorities war thus appears to offer the most appropriate occasion for carrying out their policy of genocide.

1944, November, Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Laws of Occupation, "Analysis of Government - Proposals for Redress", chapter 9, page 79

Shaddam IV: I want fifty legion of Sardaukar on Arrakis at once!
Subordinate: Fifty legions? That's our entire reserves as well.
Shaddam IV: This is genocide: the deliberate and systematic destruction of all life on Arrakis!

1984, 1:49:22 from the start, in Dune (Science Fiction), spoken by Shaddam IV, →OCLC:

Though most of the cases here cover European encounters with non-Europeans, it is not the intention of the book to give the impression that genocide is a function of European colonialism and imperialism alone.

2008 June 1, A. Dirk Moses, “Preface”, in Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation, and Subaltern Resistance in World History, Berghahn Books, →ISBN, page x:

A genocide will always be followed by the denial that it ever happened.

The systematic and deliberate destruction of a group of people, typically by killing substantial numbers of them, on the basis of their ethnicity, religion, or nationality.

(by extension) The systematic killing of substantial numbers of people on other grounds.

ជនឃាត

cĕəʼnĕəʼkhiət

Native Americans in the twentieth century are no longer a "vanishing race" or a silent minority. They have survived centuries of cultural genocide inflicted on them by non-Native Americans— both the well-meaning and the self-seeking— […]

1986, James Stuart Olson, Raymond Wilson, Native Americans in the Twentieth Century, →ISBN:

(by extension) The systematic suppression of ideas or practices on the basis of cultural or ethnic origin; culturicide.

I used genocide in my first ascension, but have been genocideless ever since. Makes the game much more interesting, but then again, if one hasn't ascended yet, it will be interesting anyway.

2000, Kimmo Kasila, “Arch lich at Minetown bones, Help!”, in rec.games.roguelike.nethack (Usenet):

What an Extinctionist tries to do is completely eliminate as many kinds of monsters from the game as possible, either through genocide if it's available, or from just depleting all the kinds of monsters that can be produced.

2020, John Harris, Exploring Roguelike Games, CRC Press, →ISBN:

The three main playstyles are neutral (the player kills some, but not all monsters), pacifist (all monsters are spared) and genocide (all monsters are eliminated).

2022 May 29, Gabriel Elvery, “Undertale’s Loveable Monsters: Investigating Parasocial Relationships with Non-Player Characters”, in Games and Culture, volume 18, number 4, page 477:

(video games, roguelikes) The elimination of an entire class of monsters by the player.


genocide

en-verb

genocide (third-person singular simple present genocides, present participle genociding, simple past and past participle genocided)

genocides (present singular third-person)
genociding (participle present)
genocided (participle past)
genocided (past)

Even though the Soviet constitution and that of the Ukrainian SSR contain provisions guaranteeing freedom of religion and other fundamental liberties, the Soviet government genocided the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church in the 1930's …

1986, Oversight of the Board for International Broadcasting: hearing before the Subcommittee on International Operations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-Ninth Congress, second session, June 17, 1986, volume 4, page 145

A clue appears in the Nazis finding the Gypsies dirty and disorderly (for not only Jews were genocided).

2006, Get 'Em All! Kill 'Em!: Genocide, Terrorism, Righteous Communities, page 8:

You just know it makes much more sense to encourage brutal governments to buy our WMD technology than to get them to put food in the empty bellies of their people or quit genociding the populace.

2007, War on Truth: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About the Invasion of Iraq, page 66:

It is unlikely that Sulla succeeded in genociding the Samnites, since their mountains offered many refuges, but in subsequent centuries the Samnites disappeared, being absorbed into the general population of Italy.

2016, Conflict in Ancient Greece and Rome: The Definitive Political, Social, and Military Encyclopedia, page 1193:

(transitive) To commit genocide (against); to eliminate (a group of people) completely.


Hitler

The surname Hitler is a variation of Hiedler, a surname applied to those who resided near a Hiedl (“subterranean river”) (Bavarian dialect). Earlier theories derived the surname from Hüttler (also spelled Huettler), either meaning "one who lives in a hut", from Hütte (“hut”), or from hüten (“guard, look after”).

The British ruling class are fighting against Hitler, whom they have always regarded and whom some of them still regard as their protector against Bolshevism. That does not mean that they will deliberately sell out; but it does mean that at every decisive moment they are likely to falter, pull their punches, do the wrong thing. Until the Churchill Government called some sort of halt to the process, they have done the wrong thing with an unerring instinct ever since 1931.

1941, George Orwell, The Lion and the Unicorn, Pt. II:

What is one curious about when he asks, What is evil? The question makes no sense, unless the questioner is satisfied with such answers as: Death is evil, pain is evil, Hitler is evil.

1964, David Hugh Freeman, A Philosophical Study of Religion, page 241:

...the description we give of God’s knowledge concerning Hitler has to be different after Hitler’s death; it is manifest that there has been a change on Hitler’s side, and that this, in view of the logic of omniscience, makes a difference to what we can truly say about God’s knowledge; it is not manifest that there must have been a real change of mind on God's side. And Aquinas can say this...

1977, Peter Thomas Geach, Providence and Evil, page 41:

Mueller is even less convincing in his suggestion that World War II might never have happened if Hitler had never been born.

1994, Karen A. Rasler, William R. Thompson, The great powers and global struggle, 1490-1990:

People do evil things (Hitler, Stalin, Saddam Hussein).

2007, Richard Dawkins, The God Delusion:

Ellipsis of Adolf Hitler; Führer of the Nazi Party and chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945; particularly as the embodiment of Nazism.


Afrophobia

Individuals who suffer from Afrophobia often avoid facing this fear by ignoring Africa, its culture, and its people.

1986, Carlton W. Molette, Barbara J. Molette, Black Theatre: premise and presentation, page 35:

1998 (Mar 30), Christopher Ogden, "Good Will Bill", Time 151 (13) https://web.archive.org/web/20000816215306/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/1998/int/980330/africa.good_will_bill.at20.html
The Somalia debacle prompted a fresh bout of Afrophobia in Washington.

Fear, hate, or dislike of Africans and African descendants.


miscegenation

en-noun

miscegenation (countable and uncountable, plural miscegenations)

/mɪˌsɛd͡ʒ.əˈneɪ.ʃən/

Blend of Latin miscēre (“mix”) + Latin genus (“race”) + -ation. Coined by American journalist David Goodman Croly in 1864 and first used in an anonymous pamphlet he coauthored, which claimed to be written by a person who believed in the inherent unity of all racial groups, that marriage between blacks and whites would create a better race, and that the American Civil War was a fight for the latter idea. Later, it was exposed that the pretext of the pamphlet was false and that it had actually been written by a group which hoped to inflame anger, particularly against then-US President Abraham Lincoln who was up for reelection.
Replaced previous amalgamation, from metallurgy.

coinage

Anissimov took to posting paranoid white supremacist rants on Twitter. Why, he asked, do “blacks get your own continent”? “European whites are being replaced and destroyed by ‘diversity,’” he cried. He denounced miscegenation and declared that women should be confined to the home.

2018, Corey Pein, Live Work Work Work Die, Metropolitan Books, →ISBN, unnumbered page:

(chiefly US) The mixing or blending of race in marriage or breeding, interracial marriage.

as is clear in the works of Nathaniel Hawthorne, it has a horror of any spiritual miscegenation between the human and the natural.

1991, Frederick Turner, Rebirth of Value: Meditations on Beauty, Ecology, Religion, and Education, page 57:

... if a miscegenation of Latin and Sanskrit may be permitted.

1981, Dale Maurice Riepe, Asian Philosophy Today, page 22:

...'true English' before it was bastardised in its miscegenation with the Norman French.

2001, Ken Hirschkop, David Shepherd, Bakhtin and Cultural Theory, page 180:

(figuratively) A mixing or blending, especially one which is considered to be inappropriate.


antimiscegenation

antimiscegenation laws

(US, law) Against mixing or blending; especially, against the mixing or blending of races in marriage or breeding.

antimiscigenação

against mixing or blending; especially, against the mixing or blending of races in marriage or breeding


Third Reich

the Third Reich (canonical)
3rd Reich (alternative)

Partial calque of German Drittes Reich (literally “third empire, third realm”). The first “Reich” in this reckoning is the Holy Roman Empire and the second is the German Empire. The Weimar Republic, although officially called Deutsches Reich as well, was rejected by the National Socialists and therefore not counted in.

partial calque

German Empire
Holy Roman Empire
Weimar Republic

Тре́тий рейх m (Trétij rejx) (various capitalisation is used)


one-drop rule

[T]he notorious historian William Estabrook Chancellor […] helped assemble a controversial biographical portrait accusing President Warren Harding of covering up his family’s “colored” past. […] Under the one-drop rule of American race relations, Chancellor claimed, the country had inadvertently elected its “first Negro president.”

2008 April 6, Beverly Gage, “Our First Black President?”, in New York Times, retrieved 2017-01-08:

It was the wadjelas that created the ‘one drop’ rule, that defined anybody with a single bla(c)k ancestor as black. They did that to separate people, to create a caste system, to protect the notion of whiteness, to protect whiteness from the merest ‘impurity’, from the merest influx of colour.

2021 November 7, Claire [G.] Coleman, “Not quite blak enough: ‘The people who think I am too white to be Aboriginal are all white’”, in The Guardian:

(chiefly US) The notion that one drop of black blood (i.e., any African ancestry at all) makes a person black.


Holocaust

en-proper noun

the Holocaust (usually uncountable, plural Holocausts)

the Holocaust (canonical)
Holocausts (plural)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Holocaust.wav

(historical, strictly) The systematic mass murder (genocide) of six million Jews perpetrated by Nazi Germany shortly before and during World War II.

Sjoa

the mass murder of six million Jews by Nazi Germany

Holocaust

the mass murder of 11–14 million people by Nazi Germany


Nazi

1930, from German Nazi, a clipping of Nationalsozialist (“National Socialist”) (1924), earlier attestation (1903) as shortening of national-sozial), since in German the nati- in national /ˌnatsi̯oˈnaːl/ is approximately pronounced Nazi [ˈnäːtsi]; compare the parallel pejorative terms Sozi (“socialist, social democrat”), Kozi (“commie, commo, communist”).
A homonymic term Nazi was in use before the rise of the NSDAP in Bavaria as a pet name for Ignaz and (by extension from that) a derogatory word for a backwards peasant, which may have influenced the use of that abbreviation by the Nazis' opponents and its avoidance by the Nazis themselves.

clipping

(historical) A member of the Nazi Party (the National Socialist German Workers' Party or NSDAP).


Negro

1963, Martin Luther King, Letter from a Birmingham Jail,
Oppressed people cannot remain oppressed forever. The yearning for freedom eventually manifests itself, and that is what has happened to the American Negro. Something within has reminded him of his birthright of freedom, and something without has reminded him that it can be gained.

(dated, now usually offensive) Alternative letter-case form of negro.


Q

In this fantasy world, all of the far right’s wildest dreams come true: Q promises that Clinton, Obama, Podesta, Abedin, and even McCain are all either arrested and wearing secret police-issued ankle monitors, or just about to be indicted; that the Steele dossier is a total fabrication personally paid for by Clinton and Obama; and that the Las Vegas massacre was most definitely an inside job connected to the Saudi-Clinton cabal.

2017 December 19, Paris Martineau, “The Storm Is the New Pizzagate — Only Worse”, in New York, archived from the original on 2018-12-26:

In a thread called “Calm Before the Storm”, and in subsequent posts, Q established his legend as a government insider with top security clearance who knew the truth about a secret struggle for power involving Donald Trump, the “deep state”, Robert Mueller, the Clintons, pedophile rings, and other stuff.

2018 July 31, Julia Carrie Wong, “What is QAnon? Explaining the bizarre rightwing conspiracy theory”, in The Guardian:

At the end of her report, Coaston concluded, “Most people have never heard of QAnon, or Q — and that includes most of Donald Trump’s supporters.” That’s still the case, but the fact that this book is at the top of some of Amazon’s most prominent recommendation lists means that a far larger share of the population will — at a minimum — stumble across these ideas.

2019 March 6, Kaitlyn Tiffany, “How a conspiracy theory about Democrats drinking children’s blood topped Amazon’s best-sellers list”, in Vox, archived from the original on 2019-03-07:

(US politics) Abbreviation of QAnon (“anonymous poster on anonymous online message boards who originated a pro-Trump conspiracy theory”).


Sapphire

I asked her once how a little girl who didn't have blue eyes ended up being called Sapphire. She pursed her lips for a few seconds, clearly wondering how she could get away with not telling me.
'My older brother is called Mistral,' she said in the end. 'My younger sister is Blaze. I'd say I was the lucky one.'
As I say, hippy parents.

2015, Sharon Bolton, Little Black Lies, Corgi Books, →ISBN, page 179:

A female given name from English from the precious stone.


Tom

→ Tokelauan: Toma

From Middle English Thomme. Hypocorism of Thomas.

Poor Tom's a-cold.

c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:

"Good,—that's a whack. What's your name?"
"Becky Thatcher. What's yours? Oh, I know. It's Thomas Sawyer."
"That's the name they lick me by. I'm Tom when I'm good. You call me Tom, will you?"

1876, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter VI, in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Hartford, Conn.: The American Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 70:

What I'm worrying about is what Tom says when he starts talking."
"Uncle Tom?"
"I wish there was something else you could call him except 'Uncle Tom'," said Aunt Dahlia a little testily. "Every time you do it, I expect to see him turn black and start playing the banjo."

1934, P. G. Wodehouse, Right Ho, Jeeves:

"We're not sure - we were expecting a girl for some reason. But we're thinking of something simple like Tom."
"Thomas?"
"No, just Tom."

2008, David Park, The Truth Commissioner, →ISBN, page 366:

At the heart of much of the controversy surrounding DOGE’s review and access to much of the federal government’s financial payment data was the unique pairing of Tom Krause, a long-time software CEO, and Marko Elez, a 25-year-old recent employee at Musk’s company SpaceX.

2025 February 7, Yahya Abou-Ghazala, Curt Devine, Majlie de Puy Kamp and Rene Marsh, “‘Second American Revolution’: The team behind DOGE’s government overhaul”, in CNN:

A diminutive of the male given name Thomas, also used as a formal male given name.


master race

1941 March 22, Konrad Heiden, “Europe Under the “Master Race“”, in The Nation, page 334:

When the Führer says we is the master race
We "Heil!" (Bronx cheer), "Heil!" (Bronx cheer) right in the Führer's face.

1942, Oliver Wallace (lyrics and music), “Der Fuehrer's Face”:

(especially Nazism) A race of people who are superior to others.


herrenvolk

en-noun

herrenvolk (plural herrenvolks or herrenvolker)

herrenvolks (plural)
herrenvolker (plural)
Herrenvolk (alternative)

/ˈhɛɹənfəʊk/

From German Herrenvolk, from Herr (“lord, master, gentleman”) + -en- + Volk (“folk, people”).

af

In their position halfway between the blacks and the white Herrenvolk, they are bound to be unstable, they are petty bourgeois to the core, all of them.

1995 [1954], Doris Lessing, A Proper Marriage, HarperPerennial, page 59:

The political system that was emerging has been aptly described as a 'Herrenvolk democracy', a formally democratic political system in which voting and office holding is limited to members of a dominant ethno-racial group.

2003, George M. Fredrickson, The Historical Construction of Race and Citizenship in the United States^(https://www.unrisd.org/80256B3C005BCCF9/(httpAuxPages)/8A0AE7EACD11F278C1256DD6004860EA/$file/Fredrick.pdf), page 14:

A master race, especially with reference to Nazi ideology.


ethnic cleansing

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-ethnic cleansing.wav

Possibly a calque of Serbo-Croatian etničko čišćenje, though this is probably attested later. Popularized by (and still often associated with) the wars in former Yugoslavia during the 1990s; however, versions of the phrase have been attested since the 1860s in various languages (with the earliest attestation translating directly to the phrase being Romanian purificare etnică from 1941) and it probably arose independently on numerous occasions.

clq

These television stations are part of the apparatus and power of Milosevic. This is the apparatus he has used to do the ethnic cleansing in Kosovo.

1999 April 24, Martin Kettle, Alex Brummer, quoting Tony Blair, “The bombing goes on”, in The Guardian:

(euphemistic) The mass expulsion or killing of people belonging to one ethnic group by those of another.


coconut

en-noun

coconut (countable and uncountable, plural coconuts)

coconuts (plural)
cocoanut (alternative)
coco-nut (alternative)
cokernut (alternative)

→ Japanese: ココナッツ (kokonattsu)

From coco + nut. In reference to assimilated Hispanic or black people, derived from the fruit's exotic origins and the slur that they are "brown on the outside, white on the inside". In reference to Polynesians, from the ubiquity of coconut palms in the area.

that accounts for the milk in the coconut

Your mum is a white whore, you coconut.

2016 June 8, “Containment”, in Cleverman, episode 2, spoken by Waruu West [speaking to half-brother Koen West]:

(South Africa, Australia, derogatory, ethnic slur) A black person considered to have overly assimilated to white culture, a black race traitor.


SS

Initialism of Schutzstaffel.; from German SS


Wehrmacht

Unadapted borrowing from German Wehrmacht.

unadapted borrowing

In the end the Allies battered the Wehrmacht back to the Reich and ended whatever chance the Germans had of escaping their fate.

1996, Robert Doughty, World War II: Total Warfare Around the Globe, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, →ISBN, page 106:

(historical, Nazism) The German armed forces from 1935 to 1945.


Rassenschande

Unadapted borrowing from German Rassenschande (literally “race shame”).

ubor

In fact, some historians’ mistaken belief about the unwavering German implementation of both Rassenschande and their genocidal policy has caused them to turn a blind eye to numerous sources, German and Jewish, that testify to the realities of Jewish women’s experiences during the war.

2010, Helene J. Sinnreich, “The Rape of Jewish Women during the Holocaust”, in Sexual Violence against Jewish Women during the Holocaust, Hanover and London: University Press of New England, page 116:

(Nazism) miscegenation: sexual relations between people of “Aryan” race and “inferior” races, particularly Jews.


kapo

Borrowed from German Kapo, see there for further etymology. Doublet of corporal and capo.

(historical) A prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp who was given food and privileges in return for supervising other prisoners doing forced labor.

kapo

prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp, supervising other prisoners


nativism

en-noun

nativism (countable and uncountable, plural nativisms)

To understand just how rare, look back into history to, say, the Johnson Act of 1924. Its national-origins quota system reverberated with nativism and racism.

1982 March 18, “Not Nativist, Not Racist, Not Mean”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

If there is to be another iteration of a Trump presidency, or a successful campaign by one of his acolytes, the scientific denial may be dialed down somewhat while retaining the reflex nativism.

2021 November 21, Oliver Milman, “Climate denial is waning on the right. What’s replacing it might be just as scary”, in The Guardian:

(chiefly US) A policy of favoring native-born inhabitants over immigrants.

The policy of perpetuating the culture of the natives of a colonised country.

The Columbian Exchange was proof like no other of how, when it comes to food, so often the venue of our greatest nativisms, we, as human beings, easily slip the ties of belonging.

2021 November 11, Aatish Taseer, “Tracing Mexico’s Complicated Relationship With Rice”, in The New York Times Style Magazine:

(countable) A cultural element that is native to a colonised country.

(philosophy) The doctrine that some skills or abilities are innate and not learned.

(linguistics) A theory that some knowledge of grammar is innate.


marabou

marabous (plural)
marabu (alternative)
marabout (alternative)

From French marabou, an older spelling of marabout.

Madimarian , a Marabou, killed me a bullock; I give him one bottle of powder.

1815, Mungo Park, The Journal of a Mission to the Interior of Africa:

(dated, US, Louisiana) A person having five-eighths black ancestry; the offspring of a mulatto and a griffe.


denazification

denazification (countable and uncountable, plural denazifications)

denazifications (plural)
de-nazification (alternative)
de-Nazification (alternative)

The process of the removal of Nazis from public office and positions of responsibility in Germany and Austria after World War II.


jook-sing

Borrowed from Cantonese 竹升 (zuk1 sing1). See jook-sing on Wikipedia.Wikipedia.

(derogatory, ethnic slur) A Chinese person, especially a Cantonese person born in the USA or Canada, who has overly assimilated to Western culture and has little or no command of any Chinese language.

竹升

Overly assimilated Chinese living outside China


oreo

The young woman said, "Well, actually we do have one minority student."
The young man chimed in, "Yeah, but he's an oreo."
"An oreo?" I asked. "Please define the term oreo."
"You know," the young man said. "Black on the outside, and white in the middle."

2012, Walter B.J. Mitchell, Stories I Tell My High School English Students, page 78:


Nazism

Naziism (alternative)
Naziïsm (alternative)
nazism (alternative)

The ideology of the Nazi Party (the National Socialist German Workers' Party or NSDAP), being a form of fascism characterised by Adolf Hitler's cult of personality, hate propaganda, white supremacy, extreme bigotry (especially antisemitism and racism), eugenics, mass violence, genocide, ethnonationalist territorial expansion (Lebensraum) and state capitalism.

nazizëm

the ideology of Adolf Hitler's Nazi Party


Punic

From Latin pūnicus, variant of poenicus, from Poenus + -icus, from Ancient Greek Φοῖνιξ (Phoînix), from Mycenaean Greek 𐀡𐀛𐀑𐀍 (po-ni-ki-jo) under influence from φοινός (phoinós, “crimson red”) owing to its relation to Tyrian purple, apparently from or cognate with Egyptian fnḫw (“Asiatics, Semites”), f:n:x-w-V12:Z2. Equivalent to a modified Phoenician + -ic.


race baiting

The use of racially derisive language, actions, or other forms of communication in order to set people against each other, usually in the context of white and black people.


Shoah

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Shoah.wav

From Hebrew שׁוֹאָה (šōʾā, “catastrophe”).

I never knew him, or any of my other relatives who died in the Shoah. But I would gladly dump every ounce of that gold into the ocean, just to give them a decent burial.

(history) The systematic mass murder of six million Jews perpetrated by Nazi Germany shortly before and during World War II.


shoneen

Borrowed from Irish Seoinín (“Johnny”), from Seán (“John, John Bull”) + -ín (diminutive suffix).

Good Father John O'Hart
In penal days rode out
To a shoneen who had free lands
And his own snipe and trout.

1889, W B Yeats, The Ballad of Father O'Hart:

So then the citizens begin talking about the Irish language and the corporation meeting and all to that and the shoneens that can’t speak their own language

(Ireland, derogatory, ethnic slur) An Irish person considered excessively Anglophile, an Irish person who acts English or desires to be part of English society.


octoroon

octoroons (plural)
octaroon (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish octorón, compare quadroon from cuarterón (“quadroon”).

Quintoon: child of mustiphini and white male
Unspeakable: child of mustiphini and white woman
Octoroon: child of quintoon and white man
Unspeakable: child of quintoon and white woman

2005, Donald Harman Akenson, Irish History of Civilization, page 353:

(dated or historical) Someone having 1/64th black ancestry: the child of a quintoon and a white man.


blackface

blackface (countable and uncountable, plural blackfaces)

blackfaces (plural)
Blackface (alternative)

Soberano hit back at Instagram comments, writing, "This is not any form of blackface." But has since backtracked.

2019, Farah Andrews, “Filipina Actress Liza Soberano Slammed for Mel B 'Blackface'”, in The National News:

(uncountable) The practice in which a non-black person blackens their face using theatrical makeup in order to portray a caricature of a black person.

(countable) A sheep of the Scottish Blackface breed.

The laboratory procedure in the most important tests and methods is printed in blackface type for convenience of reference.

1917, Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, Journal - Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, →OCLC:

(uncountable, countable, typography) Synonym of boldface.


Schutzstaffel

Unadapted borrowing from German Schutzstaffel.

ubor

(historical) The internal security force of Nazi Germany; the SS.

Mühafizə dəstəsi

the internal security force of Nazi Germany


scientific racism

Racism presented as, or purported to be supported by science.


Nuremberg

/ˈnjʊəɹəmbəɡ/

From German Nürnberg, from Medieval Latin Norinberga. The second element is from Berg, origins of the first element unclear.

The trial of Nazi criminals that took place there, after World War II.


racialism

en-noun

racialism (countable and uncountable, plural racialisms)

From racial + -ism. Coined in 1882 based on the older use of "race" as a synonym of "nation, tribe, ethnic group", later senses (from 1890) from the use of "race" for racial categories.

This is The Lie of North American Superiority — an assumption based mainly on our superior living standard. […] This Lie of Superiority, this ill-disguised racialism in us who are always denouncing racialism in other people, is more than an unpleasant breach of good manners. It has deep and evil effects upon the affairs of the world.

Racialism and ultra-nationalism are a major part of the fascist doctrine. We all recall the Hitler emphasis on the Aryan race and I think you can visualize for a moment the Nazi propagandist telling the German people, "You are superior!" Nobody argues with this. If someone confronts you and says, "You know, I am firmly convinced you are the superior type," you don't deny it. […] So the selling of racialism is not nearly as difficult as it might on the surface appear to be. Coupled with this racialism, the ultra-nationalism suggests that if a race is superior why then should it confine itself to the limited territory in which if finds itself.

1959 September 23, E. B. Ader, “Conflicting Political and Economic Systems”, in Naval War College Review, page 8:

Racism, the belief in the existence of different races and the belief that some races are superior to other races; policies or practices which promote the dominance of one or more races over other races.


Waffen-SS

Borrowed from German Waffen-SS, from Waffe (“weapon”) + SS.


drapetomania

Coined in 1851 by Samuel A. Cartwright as a name for a supposed mental illness that caused black slaves to flee captivity. Ancient Greek δραπέτης (drapétēs, “runaway slave”) + μανία (manía, “madness”).

uder

To prevent the full-blown development of drapetomania, exhibited by the actual running away of the slave, whipping is recommended as medical therapy; in a revealing allusion to its historical origins, the treatment is called "whipping the devil out of them."

1987, Thomas Stephen Szasz, Insanity: The Idea and Its Consequences, →ISBN, page 307:

Over the years, psychiatrists have quite properly rejected many other "disorders" that reflected earlier cultural prejudices, such as drapetomania, lack of vaginal orgasm, childhood masturbation disorder, masochism, and nymphomania (Wakefield, 1992).

1996, Carole Wade, Carol Tavris, Psychology, →ISBN, page 560:

Cartwright opined that following proper medical advice prevented drapetomania and its symptom (running away): The recommended cure was to keep slaves in their "natural" position of submission while providing for their needs, along with whipping at the onset of the disorder.

2006, Yo Jackson, Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology, →ISBN, page 158:

Forbidding alcohol, eliminating visits to neighbors at night, and withholding adequate food, shelter, and clothing also were measures taken to prevent drapetomania.

2008, Frederick T. Leong, Encyclopedia of Counseling - Volume 2, →ISBN:

(historical) The desire of slaves to run away, viewed as a mental illness.

漂泊狂

One of these is a supposed form of mental disease, termed by him "Drapetomania, which, like a malady that cats are liable to, manifests itself by an irrestrainable propensity to run away."

I thought I was a hypochondriac because my friends said that I was showing unnecessary concern about my health. Thanks to Dr. Cartwright I now know that I am a diseased man. I suffer from the acute stages of a chronic disease: drapetomania. I have the obsessive desire to run toward freedom. You have the right to know that a diseased man is near you because, and I say this carefully, drapetomania is contagious, and I am glad about it. As a drapetomaniac, I belong at a Freedom Fund Banquet.

1989, David Pilgrim, Race relations "above the veil": speeches, essays, and other writings:

Mark declined and moved into the dark cavern. Strobes and smoke created curtains of imminent light. "You viced up Marky?" said Nick. Faking something close to drapetomania, ...

I still flee from my home to chase dreams. Sometimes I manage to elude capture and sometimes I do not. Is that Drapetomania? Is that Squircular? What do you call it? No results found for squircle. In 2005, for the first time, I wrote but never publicized my personal experience with Drapetomania (or Squircular, if you prefer) in an essalogue with a seven syllable title: An Actor's Tale In the Crazy House with Christ!

2010, Summer Hill Seven (Raymond Abdul-Alim Ákbar), Squircular!: An Actor's Tale, →ISBN, page 87:

(dated) an overwhelming urge to run away (from home, a bad situation, responsibility, etc.)


gauleiter

Borrowed from German Gauleiter, from Gau (“administrative division”) + Leiter (“leader”).

(historical) An official in charge of a district of Nazi Germany.

гаўля́йтар

an official in charge of a district of Nazi Germany


stormtrooper

stormtroopers (plural)
storm trooper (alternative)
storm-trooper (alternative)

A calque of German Sturmtruppen, from Sturm (“storm”) + Truppen (“troops”), equivalent to storm + trooper.

A member of the Sturmabteilung, a Nazi street militia.


National Socialist

en-noun

National Socialist (plural National Socialists)

National Socialists (plural)
national socialist (alternative)

Calque of German Nationalsozialist (noun) and nationalsozialistisch (adjective), respectively.

An adherent of National Socialism; a Nazi.


racialist

1910 (noun), 1917 (adjective). racial + -ist, from older racialism (1882).


removalist

2005, Chris Cooper, Kym Weatherly (editor), Behind the Private Eye: Surveillance Tales & Techniques, self published, Australia, page 63,
It was nearly two hours before there was any further movement, but our wait was richly rewarded as the old Holden returned, together with a large removalist truck.

2006, Allison Burnett, The House Beautiful: A Novel of High Ideals, Low Morals, and Lower Rent, Avalon Publishing, US, page 96,
I had wanted to spend the previous night at Pip′s place, so that I could be there when the removalists arrived, but Pip nixed the plan, claiming that my presence would distract him from “pack-pack.”

2011, James Adonis, Corporate Punishment: Smashing the Management Clichs for Leaders in a New World, John Wiley & Sons Australia, page 8,
She moved her furniture across without a whimper or a hint of worry. I, on the other hand, hired a removalist just to take my bed from one bedroom to the other.

2011, Tim Bonyhady, Good Living Street, Allen & Unwin, Australia, page 1,
Nineteen thirty-eight was a good year to be a removalist in Vienna. As tens of thousands fled the city following the German annexation of Austria, the Nazis seized their businesses, requiring them to pay punitive departure taxes, prevented them from converting their remaining money into foreign currency and stole much of their art. The refudees were usually able to leave with their other household goods, however, because the Nazis were eager to maintain the pretence that Austria′s Jews were leaving voluntarily, and wanted other countries to take them. The result was a surge in demand for removalists in a city where it was common to rent the same apartment for life.

“Three years on, it was time to return home, and the removalists were going through our rooms at lightning speed.”

2020, Kirsty Needham, “The long arm of authoritarian China reached into my seven-year-old’s bedroom”, in The Sydney Morning Herald:

(chiefly Australia) A person or company who specialises in domestic removals, that is, the transportation of household contents when moving house.


Hitlerish

en-adj

Hitlerish (comparative more Hitlerish, superlative most Hitlerish)

more Hitlerish (comparative)
most Hitlerish (superlative)


white supremacist

white supremacist (comparative more white supremacist, superlative most white supremacist)

more white supremacist (comparative)
most white supremacist (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-white supremacist.wav

Even a film like Do the Right Thing is a very white supremacist film.

2007, Haile Gerima, Why We Make Movies, page 200:


white supremacist

en-noun

white supremacist (plural white supremacists)

At the urging of advisers, he then condemned white supremacists and neo-Nazis but almost immediately told aides, “That was the biggest fucking mistake I’ve made” and the “worst speech I’ve ever given,” according to Woodward’s account.

2018 September 4, Philip Rucker, Robert Costa, “Bob Woodward’s new book reveals a ‘nervous breakdown’ of Trump’s presidency”, in The Washington Post:

An advocate of white supremacy, a person who believes that the white race is inherently superior to other races and that white people should have control over people of other races.


white supremacy

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-white supremacy.wav

Among Southern whites, the defence of slavery slid into a defence of white supremacy, since that was a useful way to unite the white population behind a coherent ideology; most Southerners did not actually own slaves, and had no necessary interest in defending that institution alone.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 909:

The ideology which holds that the white race is superior to all others.

A situation in which white people are privileged over other people in society.


white man's burden

From the poem The White Man's Burden (published 1899) by Rudyard Kipling.

Uncle Sam has found his box of tricks heavy, and is having a whiff before going on with his white man's burden to the end.

1902 January 2, The Evening Telegraph, Charters Towers, page 3, column 2:

Germany's appearance as a colonizing power in Africa was greeted in no unfriendly spirit by either France or Great Britain. Each of the latter felt that it was already possessed of about all it could comfortably look after, and both realized that another shoulder under "The White Man's Burden" in the Dark Continent might make the load easier for all.

1915 October 6, Lewis Ransome Freeman, “Germany's Exit From Africa”, in The World's Work, volume XXX:

So into at least one state troops poured, a battalion of decent National Service lads, to continue to carry, posthumously as it must be supposed, the White Man's Burden.

1959, Anthony Burgess, Beds in the East (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 609:

The supposed responsibility of European people to govern and care for their colonial subjects.


Plastic Paddy

Plastic Paddies (plural)
plastic Paddy (alternative)

From the sense of plastic as fake, ersatz, inauthentic, etc. and Paddy (“Patrick”) as a generic name for any Irish man.

(derogatory, ethnic slur) An Irish person considered to be inauthentically Irish, especially (UK) recent Irish arrivals to London.


griffe

The primary use of this is to give the column a broader base and to diminish the amount of the cutting away of the solid stone. The griffe, however, is often used for elaborate ornamentation, being carved into vegetable or even animal form.

2013, Russell Sturgis, Francis A. Davis, Sturgis' Illustrated Dictionary of Architecture and Building: An Unabridged Reprint of the 1901-2 Edition, Courier Corporation, →ISBN, page 323:

A claw-like ornament at the base of a column.


griffe

From Cajun French (in period American English usage) and from general French griffe (in reference to such people in e.g. Haiti), perhaps from (American) Spanish grifo (supposedly "curly-haired").

Saint-Domingue's complex system of racial classification allowed for no fewer than eight “mixed” racial parental combinations that could produce a griffe, as infamously calculated by Moreau.

2017, Terry Rey, The Priest and the Prophetess: Abbé Ouvière, Romaine Rivière, and the Revolutionary Atlantic World, Oxford University Press, →ISBN:

(chiefly US, dialectal, dated or historical) A person of mixed (black and white) race, especially the offspring of a mulatto (person of mixed black and white ancestry) and a person of fully black ancestry.


Hitlerism

From Hitler + -ism, named after German politician Adolf Hitler (1889-1945).

The political philosophy and practices of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party.


Gleichschaltung

Gleichschaltung (countable and uncountable, plural Gleichschaltungs)

Unadapted borrowing from German Gleichschaltung (“synchronisation”).

ubor

Far less identified with the party than the old Freikorps (anticommunist vigilante groups active just after World War I) mercenaries, the new element saw in the SS the true elite organization of the Nazi regime, and did not hesitate to attempt Gleichschaltungs within the Gleichschaltung, that is, to have the SS take over already Nazified organizations.

1973, Dietrich Orlow, The History of the Nazi Party: 1933–1945, volume 2, Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, →ISBN, page 181:

Consequently, Croatia’s new leaders have lost little time in purging these last outposts of the old regime. In the name of democracy and human rights, all the media will henceforth be sympathetic to the new government, a process of Gleichschaltung that is being cheered on by the West.

2000 April 15, John Laughland, “Full circle for communism: Under EU plan, Croatia is starting to resemble old communist Yugoslavia”, in The Gazette, Montreal, page B5:

So what we have today is a university whose uniqueness is to be attacked and destroyed so that it falls in line where a gleichschaltung is achieved, a non dissenting institution with dead pan faces, with caste identities or communal hatred pervasive, unquestioning students roaming around writing meaningless objective type exams for different testing services.

2017 February 10, Rakesh Batabyal, “Casteism and communalism are delegitimising the institutions that have built JNU”, in Hindustan Times:

The forced standardization of political and social institutions under an authoritarian regime, originally with reference to Nazi Germany.


race card

en-verb

race card (third-person singular simple present race cards, present participle race carding, simple past and past participle race carded)

race cards (present singular third-person)
race carding (participle present)
race carded (participle past)
race carded (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-race card.wav

To invoke race in a discussion in order to gain sympathy or an advantage in that discussion.


play the race card

play the race card (third-person singular simple present plays the race card, present participle playing the race card, simple past and past participle played the race card)

plays the race card (present singular third-person)
playing the race card (participle present)
played the race card (participle past)
played the race card (past)

The defense played the race card, but Ito let them.

1997, Mark Fuhrman, Murder in Brentwood, page 153:

Moreover, some leaders on both sides of any racial divide love to play the race card to keep themselves in power.

2002, Donald A. Carson, Love in Hard Places, page 94:

White man: White privilege? Now you're just playing the race card.
Clio: No. I'm not "playing the race card". Because racism isn't a card game to me. It can get me killed or jailed... threaten my livelihood. I don't have the privilege to treat it like a game.
White man: Oooo well played!

2015 May 15, Tatsuya Ishida, “Black Lives 3”, in Sinfest:

(idiomatic, often derogatory) To assert that race or racism is involved in a situation, especially in order to exploit racist or antiracist attitudes.


West Briton

West Britons (plural)
West Brit (alternative)

—Well, I'm ashamed of you, said Miss Ivors frankly. To say you'd write for a rag like that. I didn't think you were a West Briton.

(Ireland, derogatory) An Irish person considered to be excessively Anglophile, an Irish person who acts English or desires to be part of British society.


Amerikkka

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In Amerikkka, this movement is evident from efforts to control the institutions serving and located within Black communities.

1970 July, “White Ethics and Black Power: The Emergence of the West Side Organization”, in Black World/Negro Digest, volume 19, number 9, page 83:

We have said […] that one of the greatest dangers of the continuance of the Vietnam war was that […] it would lead to an inevitable rise of fascism at home. Now that the U.S. is spreading the aggression in Indo-China the danger is coming icily close. The Black Panthers believe this is already a Fascist Amerikkka; we can understand this view from the black ghetto. We happen to hold that many Americans will resist, and there may be a Civil War in which thousands, if not millions, will die. Feeling thus, it is hard to get enthused about cleaning up the Hudson. There is a strong suspicion that Earth Day was a diversion, for at that very moment plans were being put in operation in Washington to spread death and destruction to Cambodia.

1970 June, Broadside, volume 107, page 7:

And get mad, mad 'cause I'm the nigga that flaunt it / AmeriKKKa’s Most Wanted

1990, “AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted”, in AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted, performed by Ice Cube:

[…] it's so obscene and Amerikkka and greedy, but pleasing to the eye […]

2002, Courtney X, Lasting Visions, page 202:

Ben Caldwell recalls the scene as follows:
Life as we know it is about to change
I smell it within the air the weather is getting strange
Drugged up sedated and numb from the pain
The sickness in Amerikkka has spread to her brain [...]

2009, Marcyliena H. Morgan, The real hiphop: battling for knowledge, power, and respect, page 161:

United States of America
United States of America

(derogatory slang) The United States of America. Generally used in depicting the country as fascist or racist.


Gestapo

/ɡɛˈstɑːpəʊ/

/ɡəˈʃtɑːpəʊ/

Unadapted borrowing from German Gestapo, a contraction of Geheime Staatspolizei (“secret state police”).

Fortunately this was Spain and not Germany. The Spanish secret police had some of the spirit of the Gestapo, but not much of its competence.

1938 April, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], chapter XIII, in Homage to Catalonia, London: Secker & Warburg, →OCLC, page 227:

(historical, Nazism) The secret police of Nazi Germany.


Hitlerian

en-adj

Hitlerian (comparative more Hitlerian, superlative most Hitlerian)

more Hitlerian (comparative)
most Hitlerian (superlative)

of Hitlerian proportions

[He had] an almost Hitlerian cowlick on his pale brow.

1955, Vladimir Nabokov, Lolita, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons, published August 1958, →OCLC, part 2, page 190:

Cambodia was subjected to a genocide of Hitlerian proportions.

1987 May, “Playboy Interview: Prince Norodom Sihanouk”, in Playboy, volume 34, number 5, Chicago, Illinois: Hugh M. Hefner, →ISSN, page 61, column 3:

Unable to contain his excitement, Foyʼs voice rose two octaves and took on a Hitlerian fervor.

2015, Paul Beatty, The Sellout, Oneworld Publications (2016), page 217:

War is war — but we need to understand how wrong it is to see the temporary triumph of fascist villainy as the destruction, once and for all, of the German people and the inauguration of an eternal kingdom of Hitlerian darkness.

2019, Vasily Grossman, translated by Robert Chandler and Yury Bit-Yunan, Stalingrad, page 220:

Hitlerian occupation authorities had been preparing action against Polish underground very carefully.

2024 December 27 (last accessed), Ewelina Pawelic, “Nazi’s reprisals on civilians: Executions in Karolin and Kazanów on 18th March 1942”, in Regional Museum in Zwolen:

Of, relating to, or resembling Hitler (the German chancellor) or his actions.


Hitlerian

Since a German Communist state existed, a state peaceful and democratic by definition, it became more difficult to speak of crimes committed by Germans in general. Poles were confronted with a kind of "Marxization" of the German problem that had to be resolved in terms of classes: in the east were the good Germans because they were progressive; in the west, the bad Germsans, reactionaries, heirs of Nazism, even more-or-less camouflaged Hitlerians.

2004, Henry Rousso, Richard Joseph Golsan, Stalinism and Nazism: history and memory compared, page 247:


Japanophobia

Perhaps this is one of the reasons of their Japanophobia. But if Japan became the ally of France, all this fear and suspicion of Japan would disappear, ...

1906, Edward Albert Bell, These meddlesome attorneys:

This would require discarding the extreme Japanophobia that characterises the so-called “revisionists” who are really “regressionists” twice over.

1999, Jagdish Bhagwati et.al., Trading Blocs: Alternative Approaches to Analyzing Preferential Trade Agreements:

A fear or hate of Japan and Japanese people or culture.


globalist

Coordinate term: continentalist

(historiography) One who believes that Adolf Hitler intended to extend the Third Reich beyond the continent of Europe.


Sturmabteilung

A paramilitary division under the German Nazi Party, operating from 1921 until being disbanded in 1934.


Nazi Germany

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(historical) Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler's Nazi Party (from 1933 to 1945).


Anschluss

From German Anschluss (“annexation”) (formerly Anschluß), from anschließen (“to join, unite”).

‘Some of us students protested against the Anschluss.’

1941, W Somerset Maugham, Up at the Villa, Vintage, published 2004, page 44:

Riane Eisler was born in Vienna in 1931. After the German Anschluss of Austria she fled with her family, first to Cuba and then to the U.S.

1988 December 11, John Kyper, “The 'Truth' Of Male-Dominated Social Science”, in Gay Community News, volume 16, number 22, page 8:

Anton Kuh […] was one of the Viennese coffee-house wits whose mastery of the brief critical essay reached its apotheosis in the last nervous years before the Anschluss.

(historical) Political annexation, specifically that of Austria into Nazi Germany in 1938.

آنْشْلُوس

the annexation of Austria into Germany in 1938 or an analogy


klansman

Klansmen — Behold the Deed without a name

1868, Robert Henry Newell, Smoked Glass, page 103:

The fact that nobody foresaw that Chill would blossom into a klansman does not alter the fact that the klansman is one of the flowers of our democracy.

1900, Albert Bushnell Hart with John Gould Curtis, American History Told by Contemporaries, page 851:

Alternative letter-case form of Klansman


Untermensch

Untermenschen (plural)
untermensch (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from German Untermensch.

ubor

His orders are clear and concise – the Scots are viewed as untermenschen and are to be treated accordingly.

2009, John Sadler, Glencoe, Amberley, published 2009, page 19:

(derogatory, especially Nazism) An inferior person; a subhuman, especially in Nazi racial hierarchy.


Klan

The soldiers made arrests right and left, swearing to wipe out the Klan if they had to put every white man in Atlanta in jail.

1936 June 30, Margaret Mitchell, Gone with the Wind, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC; republished New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, 1944, →OCLC, part IV, page 745:

I ain't in the Klan, but I brought my hood with me

2005, “We Major”, in Late Registration, performed by Kanye West ft. Really Doe and Nas:


DWB

A play on DWI (“driving while intoxicated”).

jill We [Jill and her husband James] call it, "Driving While Black." We have a . . . nice car. So we got pulled over for a DWB. . . .

1995, Paul C. Rosenblatt, Terri A. Karis, Richard D. Powell, Multiracial Couples: Black and White Voices (Understanding Families), SAGE Publications, →ISBN, page 147:

Initialism of driving while black (or brown): a sarcastic reference to racial profiling by police investigating driving offences.


bantustan

bantustans (plural)
Bantustan (alternative)

From a Bantu language (ultimately from Proto-Bantu *bantʊ̀ (“people”)) + -stan (“home of”, suffix of Persian origin), after place names such as Hindustan.

affix

(originally South Africa, historical) Any of ten former territories defined as homelands for black South Africans under apartheid policy

bantoestan

territory defined as a homeland for black South Africans


trad

en-noun

trad (countable and uncountable, plural trads)

Traditional climbing
traditional climbing


troon

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *terh₂-der.
Proto-Italic *trānts
Latin trāns
Latin trans-bor.
English trans-
Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁os
Latin genus
Old French gendrebor.
Middle English gendre
English gender
English transgenderblend.
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeǵʰ-
Proto-Indo-European *-ōm
Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm
Proto-Indo-European *-ō
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰmṓ
Proto-Germanic *gumô
Proto-West Germanic *gumō
Old English guma
Middle English gone?
English gooney
English goonblend.
English troon
Blend of transgender + goon (“member of Something Awful”). Coined in the comedy website and internet forum Something Awful in the late 2000s.

etymon

transgender>having a gender different from one's assigned sex

blend

goon<t:member of Something Awful><id:member of Something Awful>

Coordinate term: pooner

Good Woke Boys pretending like they didn't obsessively post "troons are mentally ill" for 5 years is my favorite* part of twitter

2016 September 19, @uchimatador, Twitter, archived from the original on 2023-05-29:

When the troons speak about ‘gender neutral spaces’ ALWAYS maintain they are promoting unisex spaces.

2020 August 29, @fifyfomum, Twitter, archived from the original on 2020-08-29:

how do I wear skirts without coming off like a troon twitter no-fashion-sense transbian

2021 October 26, @coolestrogen, Twitter, archived from the original on 2021-10-26:

(anti-LGBTQ slur, Internet slang, derogatory, offensive) A transgender person; most commonly, a trans woman.


(neo-Nazism) Alphanumeric code for "AB", referring to the Aryan Brotherhood.


Sieg Heil

Unadapted borrowing from German Sieg Heil, from Sieg (“victory”) + Heil, a common chant at political rallies in Nazi Germany, translating as “victory brings salvation” or alternatively as “salvation [to] victory” on the model of Heil Hitler.

ubor

"Ti-to! Ti-to! Ti-to!" has exactly the same rhythm and resonance as "Sieg Heil! Sieg Heil! Sieg Heil!" at the Nazi demonstrations, or "Du-ce! Du-ce! Du-ce!" in Fascist Italy.

[1971, Sydney Morrell, Spheres of Influence, page 216:

All of a sudden a number of the militant homosexuals stood up, raised their hands in a Nazi-style salute and began to chant "Sieg heil! Sieg heil! Sieg heil!" Everyone in the room was paralyzed. How could they accuse us — those who suffered and died in the Holocaust — of being Nazis?

1991, James Davison Hunter, Culture Wars: The Struggle to Define America, page 16:

Tear gas floated into the Hilton, up the air vents, and into the suite of the vice president, who was preparing his acceptance speech. On the street, chanting: "Sieg Heil, Sieg Heil, Sieg Heil," and "The Whole World Is Watching."

1995, Terry H. Anderson, The Movement and The Sixties, page 224:

And so, sometimes, did their direct effects. At many skinhead concerts, bands led fans in swastika flag-waving and chants of Sieg Heil!

2002, John Rodden, Repainting the Little Red Schoolhouse: A History of Eastern German Education, page 202:

Then a few voices started to chant "Sieg heil! Sieg heil!", and these were joined by more voices, and gradually the whole assembly rose to its feet.

2004, Paul Taylor, Jews and the Olympic Games: The Clash Between Sport and Politics, page 101:

The omnious vast regimented rallies we have all seen on television, with adoring crowds shouting Sieg heil! and saluting in unison, were now a feature of German social life. In 1933 Hitler was in a position to seize power.

2007 October 8, Harry Davis, Palace of Crystal, Arena books, →ISBN:

(historical) The greeting Sieg Heil, used by the Nazis, and by neo-Nazis and people comparing others to Nazis today.


Sieg Heil

In the other truck, Hi Hitler giggled piercingly, and the skinheads gave Sieg Heils.

2000, Michael McClister, “The Fifth Day”, in Double Deal, New York, N.Y.: Thomas Dunne Books, →ISBN, page 187:

And Jerry, Jerry doing Sieg Heils around the stage then, in that crumpled suit.

2012, Ada Wilson, “January 3rd 1990, 11am”, in Red Army Faction Blues, Pontefract, West Yorkshire: Route, →ISBN, page 200:

One year they fell foul of the organisers at the West German Grand Prix in some way and they kept goose stepping around the paddock, snapping their heels and doing Sieg Heils.

2015, Chris Carter, Richard Skelton, “Sidecar racers”, in Chris Carter at Large: Stories from a Lifetime in Motorcycle Racing, Poundbury, Dorset: Veloce Publishing, →ISBN, chapter 5, pages 123–124:

Sieg Heil salute
Sieg Heil salute#English

Ellipsis of Sieg Heil salute (“Nazi salute”).


Sieg Heil

en-verb

Sieg Heil (third-person singular simple present Sieg Heils, present participle Sieg Heiling, simple past and past participle Sieg Heiled)

Sieg Heils (present singular third-person)
Sieg Heiling (participle present)
Sieg Heiled (participle past)
Sieg Heiled (past)
sieg-heil (alternative)
sieg heil (alternative)

(It’s worth noting that the video Musk posted of his speech did not show Musk performing the gesture head-on—it cut away to the crowd; a C-SPAN clip shows it in full, though.) Eventually, he will almost certainly deny that he Sieg heiled.^([sic])

2025 January 20, Charlie Warzel, “Did He? Elon Musk either had a slipped-mask moment, or is supremely awkward.”, in The Atlantic, Washington, D.C.: The Atlantic Monthly Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2025-01-21:

(intransitive) To perform a Nazi salute, often while chanting Sieg Heil.


race relations

The patterns of behaviour between ethnic groups of people

rassenrelaties

the patterns of behaviour between ethnic groups of people

The branch of sociology that studies these patterns


racial discrimination

The only racial discrimination on the railway is against Europeans, as they are not issued with tickets below second class, even for trains which consist of third class carriages only.

1950 April, Timothy H. Cobb, “The Kenya-Uganda Railway”, in Railway Magazine, page 267:

Discrimination on grounds of race or ethnicity.