symbol

From French symbole, from Latin symbolus, symbolum (“a sign, mark, token, symbol, in Late Latin also a creed”), from Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “a sign by which one infers something; a mark, token, badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watchword, outward sign”), from συμβάλλω (sumbállō, “I throw together, dash together, compare, correspond, tally, come to a conclusion”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, put”).

der

(crystallography) The numerical expression which defines a plane's position relative to the assumed axes.


regular

en-adj

regular (comparative more regular, superlative most regular)

more regular (comparative)
most regular (superlative)

/ˈɹɛɡ.jʊ.lə/

/ˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/

[ˈɹɛɡ.jɪ̈.lɚ]

From Middle English reguler, from Anglo-Norman reguler, Middle French reguler, regulier, and their source, Latin rēgulāris (“continuing rules for guidance”), from rēgula (“rule”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *reg- (“move in a straight line”).


pyramidal

(geometry) Pyramid-shaped.
(crystallography) Tetragonal.


SC

en-noun

SC (countable and uncountable, plural SCs)

(crystallography) Initialism of simple cubic.


GB

(crystallography) Initialism of grain boundary.


cubic

From Middle French cubique, equivalent to cube + -ic.

cubic cleavage

(crystallography) Having three equal axes and all angles 90°.

مُكَعَّب

having three equal axes and all angles 90°


LCD

LCD monitors offer higher resolution and take up far less space than traditional PC displays.

2001 May 23, James Connell, “Apple to Drop CRT Monitors”, in International Herald Tribune, →ISSN:

liquid crystal display
liquid crystal display#English

(electronics, computing) Initialism of liquid crystal display.


form

form (countable and uncountable, plural forms)

→ Korean: 폼 (pom)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: form

From Middle English forme (“shape, figure, manner, bench, frame, seat, condition, agreement, etc.”), borrowed from Old French forme, from Latin fōrma (“shape, figure, image, outline, plan, mold, frame, case, etc., manner, sort, kind, etc.”).
The now dated UK school sense ("division grouping school students") is derived from public school nomenclature, which was later used by state schools. It is sometimes said to be from the sense of "bench", where students of certain ages would sit together, though this is disputed, or alternatively from the sense of "established method of expression or practice".

der

imitation is the sincerest form of flattery

(crystallography) The combination of planes included under a general crystallographic symbol. It is not necessarily a closed solid.


crystal

en-noun

crystal (countable and uncountable, plural crystals)

→ Hindi: क्रिस्टल (krisṭal)

→ Japanese: クリスタル (kurisutaru)

From Middle English crystal, cristal, criȝstall, from Old English cristalla (“crystal”), a borrowing from Latin crystallum (“crystal, ice”) (later reinforced from Anglo-Norman cristall and Middle French cristal, from Latin crystallum), from Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”), from Proto-Indo-European *krews- (“hard, hard outer surface, crust”).

der

He tells me he's been shooting crystal, which I already pretty much know because he does not bother to keep his sleeves rolled down over the needle tracks.

1968, Joan Didion, “Slouching Towards Bethlehem”, in Slouching Towards Bethlehem:

methamphetamine hydrochloride
methamphetamine hydrochloride

(uncountable, slang) Crystal meth: methamphetamine hydrochloride.


lattice

→ Japanese: ラティス (ratisu)

From Middle English latis, from Middle French lattis (“lathing”), from Old French lattis, from latte (“a lath”), from Frankish *lattā, *lattu (“a lath”), from Proto-Germanic *lattǭ, *lattō, *laþþō (“board; plank; ledge”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)latn-, *(s)lat- (“beam; log”). Cognate with Old High German latta (“lath”), (German Latte), Old English lætt (“lath”), Middle Low German lāde (“plank, counter, sales counter”), German Laden (“shop”). More at lath.

cog

(crystallography) A regular spacing or arrangement of geometric points, often decorated with a motif.


parameter

[pəˈɹæm.ə.ɾɚ]

From French paramètre, from New Latin parametrum (“parameter”), from Ancient Greek παρα- (para-, “beside”) + μέτρον (métron, “measure”).

(crystallography) The ratio of the three crystallographic axes which determines the position of any plane.

(crystallography) The fundamental axial ratio for a given species.


immure

en-verb

immure (third-person singular simple present immures, present participle immuring, simple past and past participle immured)

immures (present singular third-person)
immuring (participle present)
immured (participle past)
immured (past)

From Middle English enmuren and Middle French emmurer, both from Old French enmurer, from Latin immūrō, from in- + mūrus (“wall”). Modern spelling is modelled after the Latin.

1975, American Institute of Physics, American Crystallographic Association, Soviet Physics, Crystallography, Volume 19, Issues 1-3, page 296,
On increasing the supercooling, the step starts completely immuring the impurity and v rises sharply.

(transitive, crystallography and geology, of a growing crystal) To trap or capture (an impurity); chiefly in the participial adjective immured and gerund or gerundial noun immuring.


motif

From French motif (1848), with the meaning of "main idea or theme". Doublet of motive.

(crystallography) The physical object or objects repeated at each point of a lattice. Usually atoms or molecules.


crystallization

en-noun

crystallization (countable and uncountable, plural crystallizations)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-crystallization.wav

The formation of a solid from a solution, melt, vapour or from a different solid phase


dome

Borrowed from Middle French dome, domme (modern French dôme), from Italian duomo, from Latin domus (ecclesiae) (literally “house (of the church)”), a calque of Ancient Greek οἶκος τῆς ἐκκλησίας (oîkos tês ekklēsías). Doublet of domus and duomo.

cal

οἶκος τῆς ἐκκλησίας

(crystallography) A prism formed by planes parallel to a lateral axis which meet above in a horizontal edge, like the roof of a house; also, one of the planes of such a form.


twin

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From Middle English twinne, twynne, from Old English ġetwin, ġetwinn (“twin, multiple”, noun) and twinn (“twin, two-fold, double, two by two”, adjective), from Proto-Germanic *twinjaz, *twinahz (“two each”), from Proto-Indo-European *dwino- (“twin”), from *dwóh₁ (“two”). Cognate with Scots twyn (“twin”), Dutch tweeling (“twin”), German Zwilling (“twin”), Danish tvilling (“twin”), Swedish tvilling (“twin”), Faroese tvinnur (“a double set”), Icelandic tvenna (“duo, pair”), Lithuanian dvynys (“twin”), Russian двойня (dvojnja, “twin”).


zone

→ Korean: 존 (jon)

→ Punjabi: ਜ਼ੋਨ (zon)

From Latin zōna, from Ancient Greek ζώνη (zṓnē, “girdle, belt”).

der

(crystallography) A series of planes having mutually parallel intersections.


CNC

consensual non-consent
consensual non-consent#English

(BDSM) Initialism of consensual non-consent.

(computing, manufacturing) Initialism of computer numerical control and computerized numerical control.

(organic chemistry) Initialism of cellulose nanocrystal.


CNC

(China, historical) Initialism of Chinese National Currency.


orthoclastic

en-adj

orthoclastic (comparative more orthoclastic, superlative most orthoclastic)

more orthoclastic (comparative)
most orthoclastic (superlative)

From ortho- + Ancient Greek κλαστός (klastós, “broken”) + -ic.

uder

(crystallography) Having cleavage planes at right angles, as in orthoclase.


orthometric

(crystallography) Having axes at right angles.


ortho-

E.g. orthochrysotile is an orthorhombic chrysotile, orthopyroxene is a pyroxene that forms orthorhombic crystals, orthohexagonal is having orthorhombic hexagonal symmetry.

(crystallography) Orthorhombic crystal structure.


orthorhombic

/ɔː(ɹ)θəˈɹɒmbɪk/

A short form of the word pseudoorthorhombic; equivalent to ortho- + rhombic.

(crystallography) Having three unequal axes at right angles.

ortoròmbic

having three unequal axes at right angles


X-ray crystallography

(analytical chemistry) A technique in which the patterns formed by the diffraction of X-rays on passing through a crystalline substance yield information on the lattice structure of the crystal, and the molecular structure of the substance.


crystallography

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-crystallography.wav


crystalline

From Middle English cristallyn, cristallyne, from Old French cristallin, from Latin crystallinus, from Ancient Greek κρυστάλλινος (krustállinos), from κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal”).

der

κρυστάλλινος


dextrorotatory

Dexibuprofen is the active dextrorotatory enantiomer of ibuprofen.

(chemistry, of an optically active compound or crystal) That rotates the plane of polarized light to the right, or clockwise. Notation: (+) or formerly lowercase d-.

dekstrorotatorinen

that rotates the plane of polarized light to the right


levorotatory

Levofloxacin is the levorotatory enantiomer of the medication ofloxacin.

(chemistry) (of an optically active compound or crystal) That rotates the plane of polarized light to the left, or counter-clockwise. Notation: (−) or formerly lowercase l-.

lévogyre

that rotates the plane of polarized light to the left


water of crystallization

(chemistry) The water present in the crystals of the salts of certain metals; it is weakly bound by electrostatic forces and may normally be removed by heating.


summit

PIE word
 *upó
The noun is derived from Late Middle English somet, somete (“head, top”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman sumet and Middle French sommet (masculine), somete, sommette (“top of a thing; highest point of a mountain”) (feminine) (modern French sommet), from Old French somet, sommette, from som, sum (“highest point, summit”) + -et (suffix forming diminutive masculine nouns), -ete, -ette (suffix forming diminutive feminine nouns). Som, sum are derived from Latin summum (“top, summit”), a noun use of the neuter of summus (“greatest, highest; top, uppermost”, adjective) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *upó (“below, under”) + *-m̥mós, *-tm̥mós (“suffix forming superlative adjectives”)). The modern English spelling was influenced by summity (“height or top of a thing; utmost degree, perfection”) (obsolete).
The verb is derived from the noun.

The topmost point or surface of a thing; the apex, the peak.

(crystallography, rare) One of the two vertices of a crystal with a rhombohedral shape where the angles of each face are equal; also, the highest point of a crystal with a pyramidal or tetrahedral shape.


anhydrous

en-adj

anhydrous (comparative more anhydrous, superlative most anhydrous)

more anhydrous (comparative)
most anhydrous (superlative)

From an- + Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr, “water”) + -ous.

Volatiles of kecap manis and its raw materials were extracted using Likens-Nickerson apparatus with diethyl ether as the extraction solvent. The extracts were then dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated using a rotary evaporator followed by flushing using nitrogen until the volume was about 0.5 ml.

1997, A. J. Taylor, D. S. Mothram, editors, Flavour Science: Recent Developments, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 63:

water of crystallization
water of crystallization

(physical chemistry) Having no water of crystallization.


polymorphism

en-noun

polymorphism (countable and uncountable, plural polymorphisms)

polimorfisme

crystallography: ability of a material to exist in more than one form

(crystallography) The ability of a solid material to exist in more than one form or crystal structure; pleomorphism.


sphenoid

From New Latin sphenoides, from Ancient Greek σφηνοειδής (sphēnoeidḗs, “wedge-shaped”), from σφήν (sphḗn, “wedge”) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-form, -like”).

af

(crystallography) A wedge-shaped crystal bounded by four equal isosceles triangles; the hemihedral form of a square pyramid.


dendrite

From Ancient Greek δενδρίτης (dendrítēs, “of or pertaining to a tree”). Equivalent to dendr- + -ite.

uder

(crystallography, metallurgy) Tree-like structure of crystals growing as material crystallizes


diploid

(crystallography) Of a certain symmetry class with 24 congruent irregular quadrilateral faces.


tetragonal

(crystallography) Having two equal axes and one unequal, and all angles 90°.

тетрагонален

having two equal axes and one unequal, and all angle 90°


prism

→ Japanese: プリズム (purizumu)

→ Korean: 프리즘 (peurijeum)

→ Thai: ปริซึม (bprí-sʉ̂m)

[ˈpʰɹ̠̊ɪzm̩]

Learned borrowing from Late Latin prisma (“(geometry) prism”), from Ancient Greek πρίσμᾰ (prísma, “anything sawn; sawdust; (Koine, geometry) prism”), from πρῐ́ζω (prízō) (a variant of πρῑ́ω (prī́ō, “to saw”), further etymology unknown) + -μᾰ (-ma, suffix forming neuter nouns denoting the effect or result of an action, etc.).

prizëm

transparent block used to reflect or refract light

(geometry) A polyhedron with parallel ends of the same polygonal shape and size, the other faces being parallelogram-shaped sides.

(crystallography) A crystal in which the faces are parallel to the vertical axis.


liquid crystal

en-noun

liquid crystal (countable and uncountable, plural liquid crystals)

(chemistry, physics) A phase of matter similar to a liquid, in which the molecules are arranged regularly in one or two dimensions.


crystallize

en-verb

crystallize (third-person singular simple present crystallizes, present participle crystallizing, simple past and past participle crystallized)

crystallizes (present singular third-person)
crystallizing (participle present)
crystallized (participle past)
crystallized (past)

We crystallized the fruit by coating in sugar.

(transitive) to coat something with crystals, especially with sugar


trapezohedron

en-noun

trapezohedron (plural trapezohedra or trapezohedrons)

trapezohedra (plural)
trapezohedrons (plural)

From trapezium + -hedron, with trapezium used in the US sense of a convex irregular quadrilateral.

The general form is called the tetragonal trapezohedron. In this case also there are both left- (Fig. 97) and right-handed (Fig. 98) forms.

1969, Carl W. Correns, translated by William D. Johns, Introduction to Mineralogy: Crystallography and Petrology, 2nd edition, page 40:

This trapezohedron, or antidiamond, is composed of ten quadrilaterals. In each quadrilateral, three of the angles are 108° and one is 36°.

2002, John Montroll, A Plethora of Polyhedra in Origami, page 105:

(geometry, crystallography) Any of a class of polyhedra that have kite-shaped faces and are dual polyhedra of antiprisms.

trapezopluredro

any of several forms of crystal with trapezia as faces

A trapezohedron has 24 equal faces, each a four-sided figure or trapezium. Unlike the forms already described, which are always the same, there are several different trapezohedrons, all having the same number of faces but differing in the angles between the faces.

1998, Cornelius S. Hurlbut Jr., W. Edwin Sharp, Dana's Minerals and How to Study Them (After Edward Salisbury Dana), page 23:

deltoidal icositetrahedron
deltoidal icositetrahedron

(crystallography) A deltoidal icositetrahedron.


zirconoid

From zircon + -oid, because this form often occurs in zircon crystals.

(crystallography) A double eight-sided pyramid, a form common with tetragonal crystals.


GBS

(crystallography) Initialism of grain boundary sliding.


allomorph

(chemistry) Any of the different crystalline forms of a substance.


hexagonal

(crystallography) Having three equal axes which cross at 60° angles, and an unequal axis which crosses the others at 90° angle.

хексагонален

crystallography: having three equal axes crossing at 60° and an unequal one crossing at 90°


asbestiform

(crystallography) Having a particular kind of fibrosity in which fibers have high tensile strength and flexibility


macropinacoid

(crystallography) One of the two planes of an orthorhombic crystal which are parallel to the vertical and longer lateral (macrodiagonal) axes.


twinning

(crystallography) the formation of twin crystals


crystal twinning

(crystallography) The intergrowth of two twin crystals.


twin crystal

(crystallography) either of two separate crystals that share crystal lattice points in a symmetrical manner and intergrow


allomorphism

allomorphism (usually uncountable, plural allomorphisms)

(chemistry) The property of a compound which has more than one crystalline form or allomorph.


epitaxy

epitaxy (usually uncountable, plural epitaxies)

(crystallography) An overgrowth in which the overlying crystal is either induced into the same orientation, or otherwise grows under the influence of the underlying crystal into the same orientation.


monoclinic

(crystallography) Having three unequal axes with two perpendicular and one oblique intersections.


triclinic

(crystallography) Having three unequal axes all intersecting at oblique angles.

三斜

having three unequal axes all intersecting at oblique angles


alcoholate

(obsolete, organic chemistry) A crystalline salt containing alcohol in place of water of crystallization.


space group

Dorothy also learned to identify the space group of a molecule, an essential prerequisite for finding the structure, by looking for spots that were missing from the regular array in an X-ray photograph.

1998, Georgina Ferry, Dorothy Hodgkin: A Life:

(crystallography, mineralogy) The set of all symmetry operations that can be applied to a given crystal without changing it.


single crystal

A material formed from by the growth of a crystal nucleus without secondary nucleation or impingement on other crystals; a regular three-dimensional structure extends throughout the material


crystal lattice

crystal lattice (plural crystal lattices)

(crystallography) A regular three-dimensional geometric arrangement of atoms, molecules or ions in a crystal


trichroism

The property of some optically anisotropic crystals of transmitting different colours of light in three different spatial directions.


cohesive energy

cohesive energy (countable and uncountable, plural cohesive energies)

(physical chemistry) Standard enthalpy of formation of the constituent atoms from a solid phase.


immured

en-adj

immured (comparative more immured, superlative most immured)

more immured (comparative)
most immured (superlative)

(crystallography and geology, of impurities in a growing crystal) trapped or captured (within the surrounding matrix).


form factor

(crystallography) A function that describes the scattering power of an atom as function of the scattering angle


rhombohedral

(crystallography) Having three equal axes and oblique angles.

romboèdric

having three equal axes and oblique angles


nanocrystalline

nanocrystalline (comparative more nanocrystalline, superlative most nanocrystalline)

more nanocrystalline (comparative)
most nanocrystalline (superlative)

From nano- + crystalline or nanocrystal + -ine.

Of, pertaining to, or composed of nanocrystals


nanocrystal

Dr. Berger and his colleagues created their multisize nanocrystals with one enzyme, in water at room temperature.

2016 May 6, Joanna Klein, “How a Mysterious Bacteria Almost Gave You a Better TV”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

A crystalline entity whose size is measured in nanometers; an individual nanometer-sized crystal of such a material.


diclinous

From di- (“two”) + κλίνη (klínē, “bed”) + -ous.

yksineuvoinen

having stamens and pistils in different flowers


microtexture

(crystallography) The set of crystallographic orientations whose components are linked to their individual location in the microstructure


morphotropic

morphotropic (comparative more morphotropic, superlative most morphotropic)

more morphotropic (comparative)
most morphotropic (superlative)

(crystallography) Of or pertaining to morphotropism


crystallizer

chemical engineering
chemical engineering

(chemical engineering) The chemical engineering vessel in which the crystallization of a solution takes place.


trigonal

trigonal (comparative more trigonal, superlative most trigonal)

more trigonal (comparative)
most trigonal (superlative)

From Latin trigōnālis (“triangular”), equivalent to trigon + -al.

(crystallography) Of or pertaining to a crystal system with three equal and equally inclined but not perpendicular axes.


epigene

(crystallography) Foreign; unusual; not natural to the substance in which it was found.


mesophase

(physical chemistry) Any of the phases of a liquid crystal


gyroid

pentagonal icositetrahedron
pentagonal icositetrahedron#English

pentagonal icosikaitetrahedron
pentagonal icosikaitetrahedron#English

(crystallography) Synonym of pentagonal icositetrahedron or pentagonal icosikaitetrahedron


calamitic

calamitic (comparative more calamitic, superlative most calamitic)

more calamitic (comparative)
most calamitic (superlative)

(chemistry) Describing rod-shaped liquid crystals


cryptomorphic

Coined by Garrett Birkhoff before 1967, for use in the third edition of his book Lattice Theory.

Both have 'cryptomorphic' types which are similar in composition but in which no felspar has crystallized.

1925, The Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society - Volume 20, page 309:

(crystallography) Composed of minerals that are not expressed in their crystalline form.


anticlined

anticlined (comparative more anticlined, superlative most anticlined)

more anticlined (comparative)
most anticlined (superlative)

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) Describing two equivalent chains of a crystalline polymer having opposite orientation


axialite

(physical chemistry) A multilayer aggregate of lamellar crystals spreading out from a common edge


trilling

Diametrically opposed rays of these stellate groups are of the same optical orientation and the twins are, therefore, trillings ( fig. 29 ).

1966, Geological Survey Professional Paper - Issues 509-510, page 55:

Chrysoberyl is orthorhombic in symmetry. Like many orthorhombic minerals, it readily forms an intergrowth with two other individual crystals to make trillings with six sides or, at least, V-shaped twins.

1974, Mineral Digest, volumes 6-8, page 148:

In the embryonic stage, pseudohexagonal trillings resemble those of the post-embryonic stage (Figure 2D,E), and are 1 to 3 μm in diameter.

2013, Federico Olóriz, Francisco J. Rodríguez-Tovar, Advancing Research on Living and Fossil Cephalopods, page 235:

(crystallography) A compound crystal consisting of three individuals.


syntaxis

en-noun

syntaxis (countable and uncountable, plural syntaxes)

From the Late Latin syntaxis, from the Ancient Greek σύνταξις (súntaxis). Doublet of syntax.


Burgers vector

Named after Dutch physicist Jan Burgers.

(crystallography) A mathematical vector that represents the magnitude and direction of the distortion in a dislocation in a crystal lattice.


pinacoid

Ancient Greek πινάκιον (pinákion, “slab, tablet”) + -oid.

uder

The crystallographic symmetry is initially broken toward dilation symmetry by the splitting of the basal pinacoid or the pseudohexagonal bipyramidal faces of the growing crystal core.

2009 January 16, Juan Manuel Garcia-Ruiz et al., “Morphogenesis of Self-Assembled Nanocrystalline Materials of Barium Carbonate and Silica”, in Science, volume 323, number 5912:

(crystallography) The face of a crystal parallel to two of the axes.


fcc

(crystallography) Initialism of face-centered cubic.


gliding plane

(crystallography) A plane of molecular weakness that allows movement without fracture.


unit cell

The first task for a crystallographer is to establish the shape of the unit cell.

(crystallography) The smallest repeating structure (parallelepiped) of atoms within a crystal, from which the structure of the complete crystal can be inferred.


macroseeding

Repeated cycles of macroseeding were required to obtain crystals of sufficient size for data collection[…].

1998 March 6, Lance Stewart et al., “A Model for the Mechanism of Human Topoisomerase I”, in Science, volume 279, number 5356, →DOI, pages 1534–1541:

(biochemistry, macromolecular crystallography) The seeding of crystallization using an intact crystal that has already been grown


cryohydrate

(physical chemistry) Any salt that forms crystals containing water of crystallization only at low temperatures


crystalloid

(physical chemistry) Any substance that can be crystallized from solution; a water-soluble crystalline substance that can diffuse through a semipermeable membrane, as opposed to a colloid which cannot.

criostalóideach

any substance that can be crystallized from solution

(biochemistry, botany) One of the microscopic particles resembling crystals, consisting of protein matter, which occur in certain plant cells.


crystalloid

en-adj

crystalloid (comparative more crystalloid, superlative most crystalloid)

more crystalloid (comparative)
most crystalloid (superlative)

Crystal-like; transparent like crystal, or shaped like a crystal.


merohedry

(crystallography) The condition of a crystal whose point group is a subgroup of that of its lattice


photodifference

(crystallography) Used attributively to describe a map of the electron density differencies between parts of a sample that had been irradiated


paracrystal

(crystallography) Any crystalline material that has a highly distorted lattice with unit cells of highly variable shape and size


pseudomerohedry

(crystallography) The condition of being pseudomerohedral


cryobench

(crystallography) An optical bench designed for cryocrystallography


anorthic

(crystallography) Having three unequal axes that intersect obliquely


beamstop

X-ray crystallography
X-ray crystallography

(crystallography) Any of several devices used in X-ray crystallography to avoid damage by X-rays


cryobuffer

(crystallography) A solution, which will not solidify on cooling, in which crystals may be grown at low temperature


microseed

(crystallography) A very small crystal used to seed the formation of larger ones.


microseeding

(crystallography) A technique in which very small crystals are used to seed the formation of much larger ones


liquid crystal display

en-noun

liquid crystal display (plural liquid crystal displays)

A display device that uses liquid crystals to control luminance of each pixel or pattern.


detwinned

(crystallography) Describing the components of a twinned crystal that have been separated.


cubatic

(physical chemistry) Describing a liquid crystal in which the molecules have no long-range translational order, but whose orientations have cubic symmetry (pointing along the x-, y- and z-axes with equal probability)


indicatrix

Borrowed from Latin indicatrix; equivalent to indicate + -trix.

(mathematics, crystallography) An ellipsoid whose three axes represent the refractive indices of an anisotropic crystal for light following different directions with respect to the crystal axes


chromonic

(physical chemistry) Describing a liquid crystal that has a structure of linear aggregates of relatively flat molecules


pedion

From Ancient Greek πεδίον (pedíon, “plain, field”).

uder

(crystallography) An asymmetric triclinic crystal form that only has one face.


bimesogenic

(physical chemistry) Capable of forming two distinct mesophases


hemimorphic

en-adj

hemimorphic (comparative more hemimorphic, superlative most hemimorphic)

more hemimorphic (comparative)
most hemimorphic (superlative)

(crystallography) Having the two ends (of an axis) modified with unlike planes.


Czochralski process

After its inventor, Polish chemist Jan Czochralski (1885-1953).

Coordinate term: Kyropoulos method

(inorganic chemistry) A method of crystal growth used to obtain single crystals of semiconductors, metals, salts, and synthetic gemstones.


fluoroid

From fluor + -oid. The shape is a common form of fluorite.


orthotomous

orthotomous (comparative more orthotomous, superlative most orthotomous)

more orthotomous (comparative)
most orthotomous (superlative)

From orthotomy + -ous or ortho- + -tomous.

(crystallography) Having two cleavages at right angles with one another.


trimorph

(crystallography) A substance which crystallizes in three distinct forms, or which has three distinct physical states.

(crystallography) Any of the three forms of such a substance.


clinopinacoid

(crystallography) The plane in monoclinic crystals that is parallel to the vertical and the inclined lateral (clinidiagonal) axes.


fourling

(crystallography) A compound or twin crystal consisting of four individuals.


hemiholohedral

(crystallography) Presenting hemihedral forms in which half the sectants have the full number of planes.


hemitrope

Half turned round; half inverted; (crystallography) having a twinned structure.


hemitrope

(crystallography) A twin crystal having a hemitropal structure.


scalenohedral

(crystallography) Of or pertaining to a scalenohedron.


scalenohedron

en-noun

scalenohedron (plural scalenohedrons or scalenohedra)

scalenohedrons (plural)
scalenohedra (plural)

Though the hexagonal scalenohedron is derived from the double twelve-faced pyramid, by the development of half its faces, and might be constructed from that figure, it is more readily obtained from the positive or negative rhomboid which may be supposed to be inscribed in the scalenohedron.

1859, James Tennant, Walter Mitchell, Mineralogy and Crystallography: Being a Classification of Crystals According to Their Form, page 408:

By bringing together the rhombohedron and the scalenohedron, as has been done in Fig. 119, it will be noticed that the lateral edges of the two forms have a similar position towards the axes, so that for every scalenohedron there must be a rhombohedron whose lateral edges coincide with the lateral edges of the other form. This rhombohedron is called the inscribed rhombohedron of the scalenohedron.

1866, Josiah Parsons Cooke, Elements of Chemical Physics, page 154:

1907, Benjamin K. Emerson, Joseph H. Perry, The Green Schists and Associated Granites and Porphyries of Rhode Island, US Geological Survey, Bulletin Number 311, page 24,
Other steep scalenohedrons of the principal zone are also often present, sometimes in addition to y, sometimes taking its place.

Calcite crystals show a great variety of habits — acute and obtuse rhombohedra and scalenohedra, prisms, and thin tabular forms.

1940, John W. Evans, George MacDonald Davies, Elementary Crystallography, page 111:

(geometry, mineralogy, crystallography) A polyhedron having twelve sides, each in the form of a scalene triangle, that is topologically equivalent to a hexagonal bipyramid and whose middle section can be said to inscribe a rhombohedron.


hemitropy

(crystallography) Synonym of hemitropism.


orthodiagonal

(crystallography) The diagonal or lateral axis in a monoclinic crystal which is at right angles with the vertical axis.


isogonism

(crystallography) The property of certain substances of crystallizing in similar forms while differing in chemical composition.


orthopinacoid

(crystallography) Either of the two planes in the monoclinic system which are parallel to the vertical and orthodiagonal axes.


hemihedron

hemihedron (plural hemihedrons or hemihedra)

The tetrahedron is a hemihedron.

(crystallography) A solid hemihedrally derived.


eightling

(crystallography) A compound or twin crystal made up of eight individuals, such as are common with rutile.


isomeromorphism

(crystallography, dated) isomorphism between substances that are isomeric


hemihedrism

hemihedrism (countable and uncountable, plural hemihedrisms)


tetrahexahedral

tetrahexahedral morphology

tetrahexahedral particles

(crystallography) Pertaining to a tetrahexahedron.


brachydome

(crystallography) A dome parallel to the shorter lateral axis.


stauroscope

(crystallography) An optical instrument used in determining the position of the planes of light-vibration in sections of crystals.


brachypinacoid

(crystallography) A plane of an orthorhombic crystal which is parallel both to the vertical axis and to the shorter lateral (brachydiagonal) axis.


idiocyclophanous

From idio- + cyclo- (“circle”) + -phanous, from the ring-like appearance of interference structures.


tautozonal

tautozonal planes

(crystallography) Belonging to the same zone.


gyroidal

(crystallography) Having the planes arranged spirally, so that they all incline to the right (or left) of a vertical line; said of certain hemihedral forms.


enhydrous

(crystallography) Having water within; containing fluid drops.


idiophanous

en-adj

idiophanous (comparative more idiophanous, superlative most idiophanous)

more idiophanous (comparative)
most idiophanous (superlative)

(crystallography) Exhibiting interference figures without the aid of a polariscope, as certain crystals do.


triakisoctahedron

en-noun

triakisoctahedron (plural triakisoctahedrons or triakisoctahedra)

triakisoctahedrons (plural)
triakisoctahedra (plural)

From Ancient Greek τριάκις (triákis, “thrice”) + English octahedron.

der

(crystallography) A trigonal trisoctahedron.


tetrakishexahedron

en-noun

tetrakishexahedron (plural tetrakishexahedrons or tetrakishexahedra)

tetrakishexahedrons (plural)
tetrakishexahedra (plural)


diclinic

From di- (“two”) + κλίνη (klínē, “bed”) + -ic.

(crystallography) Having two of the intersections between the three axes oblique.


tetartohedral

From Ancient Greek τέταρτος (tétartos) + -hedral.

(crystallography) isometric and tetragonal, but having one fourth of the number of planes required for complete symmetry


tetartohedrism

tetartohedrism (usually uncountable, plural tetartohedrisms)

(crystallography) The property of being tetartohedral.


clinodiagonal

(crystallography) That diagonal or lateral axis in a monoclinic crystal which makes an oblique angle with the vertical axis.


pseudomorphism

pseudomorphism (countable and uncountable, plural pseudomorphisms)

From pseudo- + -morphism or pseudomorph + -ism.

(crystallography) The state of having, or the property of taking, a crystalline form unlike that of the species.

bréagmhorfacht

having or taking a crystalline form unlike that of the species


hypidiomorphic

(crystallography) Partly idiomorphic; having a distinct crystalline form in only some of its constituents.


leucitoid

(crystallography) The trapezohedron or tetragonal trisoctahedron, the form of the mineral leucite.


trimorphism

trimorphism (countable and uncountable, plural trimorphisms)

Titanium dioxide exhibits trimorphism: its three forms are rutile, octahedrite, and brookite.

(crystallography) The property of crystallizing in three distinct forms.


trisoctahedron

trisoctahedron (plural trisoctahedrons or trisoctahedra)

trisoctahedrons (plural)
trisoctahedra (plural)

(crystallography) A solid of the isometric system bounded by 24 equal faces, three corresponding to each face of an octahedron.


cubooctahedron

cubooctahedron (plural cubooctahedrons or cubooctahedra)

cubooctahedrons (plural)
cubooctahedra (plural)

(crystallography) A combination of a cube and octahedron, especially one in which the octahedral faces meet at the middle of the cubic edges.


sectant

(crystallography) One of the parts of a crystal into which it is divided by the axial planes.


clinorhombic

From clino- + rhombic: compare French clinorhombique.

(crystallography) Possessing the qualities of a prism, obliquely inclined to a rhombic base; monoclinic.


tessular

en-adj

tessular (comparative more tessular, superlative most tessular)

more tessular (comparative)
most tessular (superlative)

From (assumed) New Latin tessula (diminutive of Latin tessera) + English -ar.


plagihedral

plagihedral (comparative more plagihedral, superlative most plagihedral)

more plagihedral (comparative)
most plagihedral (superlative)

(crystallography) Having an oblique spiral arrangement of planes, as in levogyrate and dextrogyrate crystals.


emarginated

emarginated (comparative more emarginated, superlative most emarginated)

more emarginated (comparative)
most emarginated (superlative)

(crystallography) Having the edges truncated.


lattice constant

en-noun

lattice constant (plural lattice constants)

(crystallography) A constant which describes the geometry of a unit cell in a crystal lattice.


crystal system

The crystal system to which a particular molecule belongs can make a considerable difference to how easy it is to solve.

(crystallography) Any of the seven distinct symmetry classifications of crystals: cubic, tetragonal, hexagonal, orthorhombic, monoclinic, triclinic and trigonal.


orthodome

(crystallography) A dome that is parallel to the orthodiagonal in a monoclinic crystal.


clinodome

(crystallography) A dome that is parallel to the inclined axis in a monoclinic crystal


micropipe

(crystallography) A defect in a single crystal substrate.


crystal field theory

(physical chemistry, quantum mechanics) A description of various properties of transition element complex compounds that compares the effects of its ligands to that of neighbouring atoms in a crystal


pseudoorthorhombic

(crystallography, obsolete) Having three unequal axes at right angles.


Bravais lattice

Bravais lattice (plural Bravais lattices)

(geometry, crystallography) An infinite array of discrete points generated by a set of discrete translation operations mathbf R=n_1 mathbf a₁+n_2 mathbf a₂+n_3 mathbf a₃, where nᵢ are any integers and aᵢ are known as the primitive vectors which lie in different directions and span the lattice.


tetartoid

(crystallography) A crystal of a certain symmetry class with 12 congruent irregular pentagonal faces.


NCC

(Philippines) Initialism of New Clark City.


nanocrystallization

The results show that the quenched sample is completely amorphous without any trace of nanocrystallization and macroscopic phase separation.

2015 July 13, Wei Xu et al., “Evidence of liquid–liquid transition in glass-forming La50Al35Ni15 melt above liquidus temperature”, in Nature Communications, volume 6, →DOI:


heteronanocrystal

A nanocrystal composed of two or more elements or other materials


syntaxial

(crystallography) Relating to, or displaying, syntaxy.


distaxy

(crystallography) An overgrowth in which both the original crystal and the crystal growing on it have different orientations.


syntaxy

(crystallography) An overgrowth in which both the original crystal and the crystal growing on it have the same orientation.


topotaxy

(crystallography) A reaction in which the parent material determines the orientation of the product.


crystal class

(crystallography) Any of 32 possible classes of crystals, arising from the 32 possible combinations of symmetry operations.


crystal habit

(crystallography) The characteristic external shape of an individual crystal or crystal group.


time crystal

Coined by American biologist Arthur Winfree in 2001. An analogue to crystals, which have repetitive patterns in space.


hemitropal

By surface analysis, hemi- + -trope + -al

surf

(crystallography) Of a crystal: having one part in reverse position with reference to the other part; twinned.


hemitropic

By surface analysis, hemi- + -trope + -ic

(crystallography) Synonym of hemitropal.


didecahedral

(crystallography) Having five planes on each extremity.


optic axis

(crystallography, mineralogy) The direction in which a ray of light passing through a crystal does not suffer double refraction.


rotoreflection

en-noun

rotoreflection (countable and uncountable, plural rotoreflections)

Coordinate term: rotoinversion

(mathematics, crystallography) rotation (about an axis) and reflection (in a plane perpendicular to that axis)


pseudorhombic

(geometry, crystallography) describing a structure that is almost rhombohedral


Czochralski

From Polish Czochralski, a surname. Named after the inventor of the process, Jan Czochralski (1885–1953), Polish chemist.

Mascher et al. (1989b) presented a correlated investigation of electron-irradiation-induced divacancies in silicon by positron annihilation, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and infrared absorption. The defects were created by 2-MeV irradiation of Czochralski-grown Si at room temperature to a dose of 1×10¹⁸ cm⁻².

1999, Reinhard Krause-Rehberg, Hartmut S. Leipner, “Basics of Positron Annihilation in Semiconductors”, in Positron Annihilation in Semiconductors: Defect Studies (Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences; 127), Berlin: Springer, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 104:

The energy required to produce electronic grade silicon (EG-Si) from MG-Si is 100 kWh kg⁻¹ and there is a 90% yield. The EG-Si is melted in a Czochralski crystal puller at 1400 °C and the silicon slowly crystallizes to form a single crystal ingot of silicon.

2011, Basant Agrawal, G. N. Tiwari, “Life Cycle Energy Analysis”, in Building Integrated Photovoltaic Thermal Systems: For Sustainable Developments (RSC Energy Series; 4), Cambridge: RSC Publishing, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 284:

Czochralski process
Czochralski process#English

(attributive, inorganic chemistry) Short for Czochralski process.


pinacoidal

(crystallography) Relating to the pinacoid.


clinohedral

(crystallography) That has a plane of symmetry but not an axis of symmetry


rotoinversion

rotoinversion (countable and uncountable, plural rotoinversions)

Coordinate term: rotoreflection

(mathematics, crystallography) The combination of a rotation and an inversion in a point on the axis.


Kyropoulos method

Named after Spyro Kyropoulos, who proposed the technique in 1926.

Coordinate term: Czochralski process

A method of bulk crystal growth, involving a seed crystal dipped into molten alumina and slowly pulled and rotated to form a single large crystal.


pseudoaxis

(crystallography) A pseudosymmetric axis


pseudoracemic

(chemistry) Containing a mixture of nonracemic crystals


Schottky defect

Schottky defect (plural Schottky defects)

(crystallography) A type of point defect in a crystal lattice in which a set of points in the lattice (anion and cation sites) are vacant in such a way that the overall charge of the solid is neutral.


Frenkel defect

Named after its discoverer, Yakov Frenkel.

(crystallography) A type of point defect in crystalline solids, occurring when an atom or smaller ion (usually cation) leaves its place in the lattice, creating a vacancy, and becomes an interstitial by lodging in a nearby location.


clinopinacoidal

(crystallography) Relating to the clinopinacoid.


Kyropoulos technique

Kyropoulos method
Kyropoulos method#English


Czochralski method

(inorganic chemistry) Synonym of Czochralski process


peripolygonal

(crystallography, rare) Having very many sides or angles.


Wigner-Seitz cell

Wigner-Seitz cell (plural Wigner-Seitz cells)

Named after Eugene Wigner and Frederick Seitz.

Voronoi decomposition
Voronoi decomposition

(crystallography) A primitive cell constructed by applying Voronoi decomposition to a crystal lattice, used in the study of crystalline materials.


Laue equations

Named after physicist Max von Laue (1879–1960).

(physics, crystallography) A set of equations relating incoming waves to outgoing waves in the process of elastic scattering.


brachyaxis

(crystallography) The shorter lateral axis of some crystals.


relrod

(crystallography) A rod-like shape due to reciprocal lattice points becoming elongated in one direction


hemitropism

(crystallography) The quality of being hemitropal.


monohedron

Then, in the above example, to RPS lying on the equator there corresponds a prism, to those lying outside the equator, a pyramid, and to the polar point, a monohedron.

2013, Boris K. Vainshtein, Fundamentals of Crystals, page 185:


monoclinicity

The weak coupling between the structural monoclinicity and the vestigial nematicity should not impact the physics of interest.

(crystallography) the state of being monoclinic


-tomous

Possibly analogical to acrotomous, from Ancient Greek ἀκρότομος (akrótomos, “cut off sharp”), ultimately from Ancient Greek τόμος (tómos, “slice, something cut”).

der

(mineralogy, crystallography) Describes the cleavage of minerals