ca. sa.

I've noted down the amount of the taxed costs and damages for which the ca-sa was issued, and we had better settle at once and lose no time.

1836 March – 1837 October, Charles Dickens, “(please specify the chapter name)”, in The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1837, →OCLC:

capias ad satisfaciendam
capias ad satisfaciendam#English

(law) Abbreviation of capias ad satisfaciendam.


crime wave

“A small minority has tried to weaponize this tragedy to advance a narrative about a crime wave that just isn’t borne out by the data in San Francisco,” Kevin Benedicto, a police commissioner and lawyer, said on Thursday.

2023 April 7, Kate Conger, Shawn Hubler, quoting Kevin Benedicto, “Stabbing of Cash App Creator Raises Alarm, and Claims of ‘Lawless’ San Francisco”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


malice in fact

But falsehood and want of probable cause are in themselves evidence of malice in fact.

1845 January, Peter Vivian Daniel, “White v. Nicholls et al.”, in Benjamin C. Howard, editor, United States Reports, volume 44, Philadelphia: T & J. W. Johnson, page 281:

A private individual very often made a statement out of malice, but a newspaper very often published these matters not for malice in fact, but because it answered their purpose to do so […]

1888 June 6, William Vernon Harcourt, parliamentary debates (House of Commons):

(law) Provable intent to commit a crime or otherwise do harm.


C&D

cease and desist
cease and desist#English


heat of passion

(law) An outburst of anger that leads one to commit a criminal act, and is itself influenced by preceding events that might cause a reasonable person to lose self control.


supervening cause

superseding cause
superseding cause#English


superseding cause

(law) An unforeseeable event that occurs after a tortfeasor's initial act of negligence and causes injury to a victim, generally absolving the tortfeasor of liability for injury.


intervening cause

(law) A foreseeable event that occurs after a tortfeasor's initial act of negligence and causes injury to a victim, generally not absolving the tortfeasor of liability for injury.


positional asphyxia

A form of asphyxia which occurs when one's position prevents them from breathing adequately.


charitable trust

en-noun

charitable trust (plural charitable trusts)

A trust established for charitable purposes.

fideicomiso público

In some jurisdictions, a trust designed for the general benefit of the public.

confianza pública

A trust designed for the general benefit of the public


officer of the court

officer of the court (plural officers of the court)

(law) One who, as a function of their professional duties, must promote the effective operation of the judicial system.


collateral review

In the wake of Miller, the Mississippi Supreme Court concluded that Miller applied retroactively on state collateral review.

2021, Jones v. Mississippi (U.S. Supreme Court No. 18–1259), Justice Kavanaugh

(law) A legal avenue to upset a judgment that has otherwise become final.


culpable negligence

One who causes another's death by culpable negligence is guilty of second-degree manslaughter.

(law) Gross negligence subject to criminal liability.

negligenza colposa

gross negligence subject to criminal liability


crisis intervention

crisis intervention (plural crisis interventions)

A time-limited intervention with a specific psychotherapeutic approach to immediately stabilize those in emotional crisis.


VIW

VIW (countable and uncountable, plural VIWs)

(law enforcement) Abbreviation of victim/informant/witness.


take the bench

en-verb

take the bench (third-person singular simple present takes the bench, present participle taking the bench, simple past took the bench, past participle taken the bench)

takes the bench (present singular third-person)
taking the bench (participle present)
took the bench (past)
taken the bench (participle past)

(US) To start a session of a court of law.


invasion of privacy

en-noun

invasion of privacy (plural invasions of privacy)

(also law) A transgression into one's personal or private matters.

invasione della privacy

transgression into one's private matters


before the fact

Coordinate term: after the fact

accessory before the fact


corrections center

corrections center (plural corrections centers)

correctional center
correctional center#English

(formal, euphemistic) Alternative form of correctional center.


correctional centre

correctional centre (plural correctional centres)

(Commonwealth, formal, euphemistic) Alternative form of correctional center.


correctional center

correctional center (plural correctional centers)

(formal, euphemistic) A prison, reformatory, or similar institution in which people are confined for the purpose of punishment and/or social rehabilitation.


corrections centre

corrections centre (plural corrections centres)


correction centre

correction centre (plural correction centres)


correction center

correction center (plural correction centers)


wrongful death

(law) A civil claim against a person who can be held liable for the death of another.


LTT

Land Transaction Tax
w:Land Transaction Tax

(UK) Initialism of Land Transaction Tax.


state capture

Among his more notable and criticized decisions was declining to charge officials linked to allegations of state capture by the Guptas, an Indian business family with close ties to Mr. Zuma.

2018 August 13, Kimon de Greef, “Ouster of Zuma Loyalist Bolsters South Africa’s Corruption Fight”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

A type of systemic political corruption in which a small number of private businesses influence government policy to their own advantage.


TSG

tactical support group
tactical support group#English

(UK, law enforcement) Initialism of tactical support group.


bar table

(law) A table in a common law courtroom at which advocates sit or stand.


at bar

(law) Before the court; under consideration by the court.


hold in contempt

en-verb

hold in contempt (third-person singular simple present holds in contempt, present participle holding in contempt, simple past and past participle held in contempt)

holds in contempt (present singular third-person)
holding in contempt (participle present)
held in contempt (participle past)
held in contempt (past)

(law) To judge someone to have been in contempt of court.


litiscontestation

(law) The situation where both parties in a case have stated their pleas and agreed to abide by the judge's decision.


Old Sparky

[…]and I think that, for most of those men, the truth of what was happening to them finally hit all the way home when their ankles were being clamped to the stout oak of “Old Sparky’s” legs.

1996, Stephen King, The Green Mile, page 3:

(US, slang) Nickname for an electric chair used for executions.


name change

(law) The legal act by a person of changing their name.


follow the money

follow the money (third-person singular simple present follows the money, present participle following the money, simple past and past participle followed the money)

follows the money (present singular third-person)
following the money (participle present)
followed the money (participle past)
followed the money (past)

Popularized in All the President's Men (1976).

No, I have to do this my way. You tell me what you know, and I'll confirm. I'll keep you in the right direction if I can, but that's all. Just… follow the money.

1976, William Goldman, All the President's Men, spoken by Deep Throat:

Then follow the money: We know that President Bashar Assad turned an ophthalmologist's blind eye to Saddam's use of the Syrian port of Tartus to import missile fuel components from China and night-vision goggles from Russia.

2003 April 21, William Safire, “Follow the Money”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

His success in tackling and convicting members of Cosa Nostra was by following the money; this is the only way leading members of organised crime syndicates will ever be convicted.

2018 April 29, Aubrey A Jones, “Letters: beat fraud: follow the money”, in The Guardian:

To analyze money flows in order to uncover corruption or other criminal activities.


Master of the Rolls

en-noun

Master of the Rolls (plural Masters of the Rolls)

The sense of a baker is a pun alluding to bread rolls.

The President of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales, Civil Division, and Head of Civil Justice; a judge who is second in seniority in England and Wales only to the Lord Chief Justice.


turn king's evidence

en-verb

turn king's evidence (third-person singular simple present turns king's evidence, present participle turning king's evidence, simple past and past participle turned king's evidence)

turns king's evidence (present singular third-person)
turning king's evidence (participle present)
turned king's evidence (participle past)
turned king's evidence (past)

turn queen's evidence
turn queen's evidence#English

(British, law) Alternative form of turn queen's evidence (used when the monarch is male)


turn queen's evidence

turn queen's evidence (third-person singular simple present turns queen's evidence, present participle turning queen's evidence, simple past and past participle turned queen's evidence)

turns queen's evidence (present singular third-person)
turning queen's evidence (participle present)
turned queen's evidence (participle past)
turned queen's evidence (past)

Coordinate term: (when the monarch is male) turn king's evidence

(British, law) Of a person accused of a crime, to give evidence against one's accomplices in the hope of receiving a lighter punishment. Used when the monarch is female.


BTAS

(law) Initialism of Bar Tribunal and Adjudication Services.


FDAC

(law) Initialism of family drug and alcohol court.


conflict out

conflict out (third-person singular simple present conflicts out, present participle conflicting out, simple past and past participle conflicted out)

conflicts out (present singular third-person)
conflicting out (participle present)
conflicted out (participle past)
conflicted out (past)

“Conflicting out” attorneys is the way a husband will make sure his wife doesn't hire any of the most aggressive lawyers in town.

conflict of interest
conflict of interest

(transitive, law) To eliminate (a legal representative) due to a conflict of interest.


VRO

The Brownlow medallist [Ben Cousins] breached the VRO in October when he visited his ex-partner's house and shouted for his children.

2016 December 13, “Ben Cousins fined for breaching AVO and drug offences”, in Nine News:

restraining order
restraining order#English

(law, Western Australia) Initialism of violence restraining order.


VCP

vehicle checkpoint
vehicle checkpoint#English

(UK, law enforcement) Initialism of vehicle checkpoint.


ayel

From Middle English ayel, aiel, from Old French aiol, aiel, from Vulgar Latin *aviolus, ultimately from Latin avus. Compare modern French aïeul.

(law, obsolete) A legal writ under which a grandchild can legally remove a stranger from land belonging to the grandchild's grandfather, which the stranger had seized upon the grandfather's death.


rest, residue and remainder

en-noun

rest, residue and remainder (uncountable)

(law) The part left over (especially of an estate).


right, title and interest

right, title and interest (plural rights, titles and interests)

(law) All of the rights a party has e.g. over a property.


clearance rate

(crime, law enforcement) The proportion of crimes that are solved by the police with respect to the total number of crimes reported.


domestic enquiry

domestic enquiry (plural domestic enquiries)

(India, Malaysia, labour law) A formalized procedure on the part of the employer to verify allegations of misconduct before dismissing an employee or imposing any penalty or censure on him.

disciplinary enquiry

when about government servants, or when in South Africa


rest one's case

en-verb

rest one's case (third-person singular simple present rests one's case, present participle resting one's case, simple past and past participle rested one's case)

rests one's case (present singular third-person)
resting one's case (participle present)
rested one's case (participle past)
rested one's case (past)

(law) To conclude one's presentation of the evidence during a trial.


companies register

en-noun

companies register (plural companies registers)

(law) A register of organizations in the jurisdiction they operate under.


fundamental right

fundamental right (plural fundamental rights)

While the term itself occurs often enough in the 17th century already, it isn’t always with the same meaning and it is problematic to trace how it became a set term. While usage in the United States is an independent development, its codification in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union is surely owed to German Grundrecht, already occurring in the Frankfurt Constitution. The drafting of the Constitution of India containing fundamental rights follows temporally close to, and not without motivational nexus, after the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, which included fundamental rights. The Constitution of Bangladesh, containing fundamental rights and the Constitution of Nepal containing fundamental rights in translation followed the neighbour’s example much later.

Synonym of human right, sometimes with subtle differences.

Fundamental rights in the German Constitution

Fundamental rights of the people of Bangladesh


Baker Act

en-verb

Baker Act (third-person singular simple present Baker Acts, present participle Baker Acting, simple past and past participle Baker Acted)

Baker Acts (present singular third-person)
Baker Acting (participle present)
Baker Acted (participle past)
Baker Acted (past)

The legislation was nicknamed the “Baker Act” after Florida Democratic state representative from Miami, Maxine Baker, who served from 1963 to 1972. She had a strong interest in mental health issues, served as chair of the House Committee on Mental Health, and was the sponsor of the bill.

Court records show he was previously ruled not competent for prosecution, Baker Acted 33 times and released back onto the street. The Baker Acts include the child molestation and prior indecent exposure arrests.

2018 February 27, Kent Justice, “Jacksonville man charged with masturbating in front of kids”, in News4Jax:

(US, law, transitive, intransitive) To invoke the Baker Act, i.e., the involuntary institutionalization and examination of an individual in the state of Florida, or (by extension) elsewhere in the United States.


cyberflashing

For years, the Law Commission has been advising the government to plug this gap in legislation – a chasm between how we punish real-world behaviours and the same behaviour online – by introducing a specific cyber-flashing offence.

2023 April 19, Sophie Gallagher, “Cyber-flashing is just as damaging as the ‘real world’ equivalent. When will the law catch up?”, in The Guardian:

(computing, crime) The unsolicited sending of sexually explicit pictures of oneself to another person by means of a computer or telecommunication network.


alias summons

(law) A second summons served when the first attempt to serve a summons was unsuccessful.


Bukit Aman

From Malay Bukit Aman (literally “Peace Hill”), which is the location of the Royal Malaysia Police's headquarters building.

bor

(Malaysia, informal, colloquial, metonymically) The Royal Malaysia Police; the police.


movement control order

en-noun

movement control order (plural movement control orders)

Calque of Malay Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan.

calque

(Malaysia) Any of a series of national quarantine and cordon sanitaire measures imposed by the Malaysian government to halt the spread of COVID-19.

限行令 (xiànxíng lìng, literally “restriction order”)

மலேசிய அரசு இயக்க கட்டுப்பாட்டு உத்தரவு

malēciya aracu iyakka kaṭṭuppāṭṭu uttaravu


crown witness

(UK law) A person implicated in a criminal case who turn against their accomplices by serving as a witness for the state and who may enter into a witness protection program afterwards.


LOAC

(law, military) Acronym of laws of armed conflict.


compulsory purchase order

en-noun

compulsory purchase order (plural compulsory purchase orders)

The plans also required several Compulsory Purchase Orders to acquire nearby land.

2021 July 28, Peter Plisner, “The race to the Games has begun”, in RAIL, number 936, page 57:

(law, UK, Ireland) An order made, usually for the purchase of land required for a construction project.


lease for lives

lease for lives (plural leases for lives)

term of years determinable
term of years determinable

(law, England and Wales, historical) A kind of lease for a term of years determinable, popular in the 17th and 18th centuries, which typically named three individuals – the "lives" – and determined upon the death of all three.


and company

(law) Used as part of the name of a company with multiple owners.


sharing is caring

Sharing is Caring [title]

2012, Dan Bull (lyrics and music), “Sharing is Caring”:

There are also hundreds of books and papers written by hundreds of very smart people debating whether or not it is right to prevent the sharing of protected digital works and whether it would instead be better if we all just lived in a utopian society where creative industry capitalism is banished and sharing is caring.

2014, Emma Sadleir, Tamsyn de Beer, Don't Film Yourself Having Sex, Penguin Random House South Africa, →ISBN:


corporate death penalty

corporate death penalty (plural corporate death penalties)

(law) The revocation of a corporation's charter for significant harm caused to society.


shadow docket

(US, law) The cases resolved by the US Supreme Court that do not involve briefing, oral argument, or full judicial opinions.


IPL

IPL (countable and uncountable, plural IPLs)

international private law
international private law#English

(law) Initialism of international private law.


noxally

noxally liable


Daubert motion

(US, law) A special motion in limine raised before or during trial, to exclude the presentation of unqualified evidence to the jury.


Quistclose trust

Quistclose trust (plural Quistclose trusts)

In reference to the 1968 case of Barclays Bank Ltd v Quistclose Investments Ltd.

(law) A trust created where a creditor has lent money to a debtor for a particular purpose. If the debtor uses the money for other purposes, it is held on trust for the creditor. Any inappropriately spent money can then be traced and returned to the creditor.


tea money

Calque of Burmese လက်ဖက်ရည်ဖိုး (lakhpak-ranyhpui:, “tea money”) likely.

calque

လက်ဖက်ရည်ဖိုး

Low-ranking officers in Thailand’s 200,000-strong police force are poorly paid and are infamous for topping up salaries with "tea money" for everything from minor driving offences to serious crimes.

2021 August 25, SCMP Reporter, “Death of Thai man after police extortion attempt captured on viral video, sparks public anger”, in This Week in Asia, South China Morning Post, retrieved 2021-08-25:

(slang, regional, Myanmar) A bribe, especially for facilitating a business dealing.


balance of equities

en-noun

balance of equities (plural balances of equities)

(law) A judicial analysis under which a court weighs factors like the public interest, injury to the parties, fairness, etc. in deciding on a matter.


OIS

OIS (countable and uncountable, plural OIS)

But an objective overview of the current literature and research associated with post-OIS officer support compared to various aspects of the research ...

2007, David E. Hatch, Randy Dickson, Officer-Involved Shootings and Use of Force: Practical Investigative Techniques, Second Edition, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 188:

Officer-involved shooting (OIS) investigations are directed at the determination of whether the shooter officer's decision to use deadly force was "objectively reasonable […]"

2017, Darrell L. Ross, Gary M. Vilke, Guidelines for Investigating Officer-Involved Shootings, Arrest-Related Deaths, and Deaths in Custody, Routledge, →ISBN, page 285:

The SHOT database gathered a dataset of 4283 officer-involved shootings (OIS) that have occurred in 50 states between January 2000 and December 2017 […]

2019, James F. Albrecht, Garth den Heyer, Perry Stanislas, Policing and Minority Communities: Contemporary Issues and Global Perspectives, Springer, →ISBN, page 117:

officer-involved shooting
officer-involved shooting#English

(law enforcement) Initialism of officer-involved shooting.


highway patrol

(law enforcement) any police unit which is primarily responsible for overseeing and enforcing of regulations on roads and highways


life imprisonment

life imprisonment (usually uncountable, plural life imprisonments)

(law) The state of being imprisoned for the rest of one's life.

(Malaysia, law) a sentence of imprisonment for 30 years; reclusión perpetua


narrow construction

narrow construction (plural narrow constructions)

strict construction
strict construction#English

(law) Alternative form of strict construction


on trial

Undergoing a trial in a court of law. (of a person)


elitocracy

elitocracy (countable and uncountable, plural elitocracies)


warranty of title

(law) An implied warranty implying that the seller of goods has the right to sell them.


common recovery

common recovery (plural common recoveries)

(UK, law, historical) A legal proceeding in England that enabled lawyers to convert an entailed estate into absolute ownership, fee simple, by means of a legal fiction.


voter suppression

I identify four types of voter suppression messages: election boycott, deception (lying about time, location or manner of voting), third-party candidate promotion (e.g., the promotion of Jill Stein targeting likely Hillary Clinton voters), and same-side candidate attack (i.e., an in-kind candidate attack, such as an attack on Clinton targeting likely Clinton voters).

2020 March 5, Kim Young Mie, “New Evidence Shows How Russia’s Election Interference Has Gotten More Brazen”, in Brennan Center:

A strategy to influence the outcome of an election by discouraging or preventing specific groups of people from voting.


Irish clubhouse

Irish clubhouse (plural Irish clubhouses)


in dubio pro reo

benefit of the doubt
benefit of the doubt

(law) benefit of the doubt to the accused


victim impact statement

victim impact statement (plural victim impact statements)

(law, criminology) A written or oral statement by the victim, or the relatives of the victim of a crime, made as part of the judicial process to convey the impact that the crime has had upon the victim or their relatives.


Nelsonian knowledge

Derived from a tale told of Admiral Horatio Nelson of the British Navy.

(law) Knowledge which is attributed to a person who has engaged in willful ignorance of that knowledge and ought to have known it.


totality of the circumstances

totality of the circumstances (uncountable)

The voluntariness of a confession is based on a totality of the circumstances test.

(law) A method of analysis where decisions are based on all available information rather than bright-line rules.


crisis response team

crisis response team (plural crisis response teams)

(law enforcement) a group of individuals trained to provide trauma mitigation and education in the aftermath of a critical incident


transfemicide

transfemicide (countable and uncountable, plural transfemicides)

When Monica Loera was shot to death near our North Austin home on January 22, her murder became the first of the nation's twenty-seven trans* homicides and the first of Texas's four transfemicides.

2018, Omise'eke Natasha Tinsley, Beyoncé in Formation: Remixing Black Feminism, page 145:

In recent years, contemporary protest movements such as NiUnaMenos (NotOne[Woman]Less) have drawn attention to the country's rising number of femicides, a category that in Argentina includes transvesticides and transfemicides.

2019, C. J. W.-L. Wee, “Contemporary theatre, the contemporary, and historicity”, in Helena Grehan, Peter Eckersall, editors, The Routledge Companion to Theatre and Politics, unnumbered page:

At the same time, it enables higher levels of sexist violence in society, with its wake of femicides, transvesticides, transfemicides and other hate crimes.

2020, Celeste Fierro, Feminism in Debate, Reform or Revolution?, unnumbered page:

The killing of a trans woman because of her gender, especially when motivated by transmisogyny.


disprobative

en-adj

disprobative (comparative more disprobative, superlative most disprobative)

more disprobative (comparative)
most disprobative (superlative)

(law) Tending to disprove a particular proposition or to persuade someone of the falsity of an allegation.


Puertopia

[…] to "crypto-currency" traders building their own version of a libertarian, tax-free "Puertopia" built on Bitcoin.

2018, Mimi Sheller, Mobility Justice: The Politics of Movement in an Age of Extremes, unnumbered page:

Their arrival came as residents of the island struggled from the devastation wreaked by Hurricane Maria, but the young millionaires—some of them were billionaires—had another priority: creating "Puertopia."

2020, Jeff John Roberts, Kings of Crypto: One Startup's Quest to Take Cryptocurrency Out of Silicon Valley and Onto Wall Street, unnumbered page:

Puerto Rico has become a hotbed for this virtual currency as ultra rich advocates, such as Brock Pierce, flocked to their Caribbean “Puertopia” to evade taxes and to maximize their blockchain profits.

2021, Catalina M. de Onís, Energy Islands: Metaphors of Power, Extractivism, and Justice in Puerto Rico, page 210:

(cryptocurrencies slang) Puerto Rico as a cryptocurrency tax haven.


case the joint

en-verb

case the joint (third-person singular simple present cases the joint, present participle casing the joint, simple past and past participle cased the joint)

cases the joint (present singular third-person)
casing the joint (participle present)
cased the joint (participle past)
cased the joint (past)

(idiomatic, slang, criminology) To thoroughly observe or examine a place, in order to familiarize oneself with its workings in preparation for criminal activity, often robbery.


sunrise clause

(business, law) A contract provision that extends coverage to events that occurred before the contract was signed.


slips and capture

A type of cognitive error whereby a person inadvertently performs one action while intending to do another.

(law enforcement) Particularly, the error by which a police officer bears a gun while intending to take out a Taser instead.


stand-your-ground law

en-noun

stand-your-ground law (plural stand-your-ground laws)

(law) A legal principle that permits the use of lethal force when it is necessary to defend oneself against great bodily harm, kidnapping, rape, robbery or any other serious crime without a duty to retreat.


duty to retreat

duty to retreat (plural duties to retreat)

(law) A legal requirement in some jurisdictions that a threatened individual cannot harm another in self-defense when it is possible instead to retreat to a place of safety.


aggrieved party

aggrieved party (plural aggrieved parties)

(law) An individual or collective whose rights have been violated and who is entitled to commence a lawsuit; victim.


police commissioner

police commissioner (plural police commissioners)

A senior rank of a member of a police force.


in witness whereof

(law) Turn of phrase used to introduce the concluding clause in deeds.


sidebar comment

sidebar comment (plural sidebar comments)

(chiefly US, law) An unnecessary, often argumentative remark made by an attorney or witness during a trial or deposition.

(chiefly US, law) Conversation in the courtroom between lawyers and the judge that jury members are not able to hear.


take the ride

en-verb

take the ride (third-person singular simple present takes the ride, present participle taking the ride, simple past took the ride, past participle taken the ride)

takes the ride (present singular third-person)
taking the ride (participle present)
took the ride (past)
taken the ride (participle past)

(idiomatic, slang, US, law enforcement) To concede to be arrested for a crime and be transported to jail.


mental inquest warrant

en-noun

mental inquest warrant (plural mental inquest warrants)

(chiefly US, law) A court order requested by a citizen to summon an individual for a psychiatric evaluation because of concerns regarding that individual's mental instability.


prior restraint

prior restraint (plural prior restraints)

(law) A restriction on expression imposed before the fact against particular speech or ideas (as opposed to restrictions against general subject matter or imposed after the fact against a particular instance of expression).


black letter law

black-letter law
black-letter law#English

(law) Alternative spelling of black-letter law


trap car

(law enforcement) A vehicle used by law enforcement agencies as bait to capture car thieves or thieves who steal items from cars.


rule of the shorter term

(law) A feature of the copyright law of some countries, whereby the duration of protection granted by the country in question to a work created in a foreign country is limited to no greater than that which it would have received in its country of origin, even if it would have been eligible for a greater duration had it been created in the country in question; the rule that, when a copyrighted work passes into the public domain in its country of origin, it will also pass into the public domain in the country in question if it has not already done so.


Armenian genocide

(historical) The systematic mass murder of around one million ethnic Armenians in the Ottoman Empire during World War I (1915–1917).

Meds Yeghern

used especially by Armenians when speaking English


amober

Coordinate term: merchet

(historical, law) In Wales, a maiden-fee paid to a lord on the marriage of a maiden in his manor.


nonentrenchment

(law) The principle that laws are free to be amended by future legislative majorities.


building permit

building permit (plural building permits)

planning permission
planning permission#English


GULAG

Borrowed from Russian ГУЛА́Г (GULÁG), the acronym of Гла́вное управле́ние исправи́тельно-трудовы́х лагере́й (Glávnoje upravlénije ispravítelʹno-trudovýx lageréj, “Chief Administration of Corrective-Labor Camps”): see the definition.

One important difference between the GULAG system and the Nazi concentration camps was that a person sentenced to five years of hard labor in a Soviet labor camp could expect, assuming he or she survived, to be released at the end of the sentence.

[2006?], David Hosford, Pamela Kachurin, Thomas Lamont, “Day 1 Content Essay: The Establishment and Scope of the GULAG System”, in GULAG: Soviet Prison Camps and Their Legacy […], [U.S.A.]: National Park Service; Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies, Harvard University, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-10-31, page 7, column 1:


cognizable offence

cognizable offence (plural cognizable offences)

(South Asia, criminal law) a criminal offence, usually serious in nature, that the offender may be arrested without warrant.


have got someone's six

en-verb

have got someone's six (third-person singular simple present has got someone's six, present participle having got someone's six, simple past and past participle had got someone's six)

has got someone's six (present singular third-person)
having got someone's six (participle present)
had got someone's six (participle past)
had got someone's six (past)

Six is slang for "rear; behind", which is itself an ellipsis of six o'clock; see more at the entry for six.

I've got your six!

have someone's back
have someone's back#English

(US, chiefly military and law enforcement slang) Synonym of have someone's back


Anor

(UK, law) another, used in case citations


blow from a gun

blow from a gun (third-person singular simple present blows from a gun, present participle blowing from a gun, simple past blew from a gun, past participle blown from a gun)

blows from a gun (present singular third-person)
blowing from a gun (participle present)
blew from a gun (past)
blown from a gun (participle past)

(transitive, military, historical, of a person) To execute by tying against the muzzle of a loaded cannon, which is then fired.

Indian Rebellion of 1857
blowing from a gun


MPL

Mozilla Public License
w:Mozilla Public License

(computing, copyright law) Initialism of Mozilla Public License.


en-proverb

when the looting starts, the shooting starts

Originally used by Walter E. Headley, the police chief of Miami, Florida, in response to an outbreak of violent crime during the 1967 Christmas holiday season. He accused "young hoodlums, from 15 to 21", of "taking advantage of the civil rights campaign" that was then sweeping the United States.

(US) Lethal force is justified against rioters and looters.


predpol

Predictive policing, using data and analytics to anticipate crimes.


E&W

England and Wales
England and Wales#English

(UK, law) Abbreviation of England and Wales.


England & Wales

(UK, law) Alternative form of England and Wales.


exchange contracts

en-verb

exchange contracts (third-person singular simple present exchanges contracts, present participle exchanging contracts, simple past and past participle exchanged contracts)

exchanges contracts (present singular third-person)
exchanging contracts (participle present)
exchanged contracts (participle past)
exchanged contracts (past)

(law, England and Wales, Northern Ireland, idiomatic) To formally contract to purchase, sell or otherwise be party to a disposition of an estate in land; usually requiring the payment of a deposit by one of the parties.

legal representative
legal representative

(law, England and Wales, Northern Ireland, chiefly by legal practitioners) To create a contract for the disposition of an estate in land between negotiating parties, by a process which is immediately followed by the exchange of executed counterparts of the contract between each party's legal representative.


exchange of contracts

en-noun

exchange of contracts (plural exchanges of contracts)

(law, England and Wales, Northern Ireland) The act of exchanging contracts.

(law, England and Wales, Northern Ireland, idiomatic) The point or stage at which a conveyancing contract comes into existence between negotiating parties for the carrying out of a disposition of an estate in land; usually requiring the payment of a deposit.


profit à prendre

profit à prendre (plural profits à prendre)

Learned borrowing from Law French profit à prendre (“profit to be taken”).

lbor

(property law) A nonpossessory interest in land which grants the legal right to enter onto another person's real property (real estate) for the purpose of taking from its soil, mines and minerals, natural produce or flora and fauna.


mines and minerals

Near-synonym: mineral rights

(property law, England and Wales, idiomatic) The legal title to geological resources in the subsurface of a piece of land, usually by reference to being in the same or separate ownership to the surface of that land.


deed of appointment

en-noun

deed of appointment (plural deeds of appointment)

(law, England and Wales) A deed executed by the trustees or beneficiaries of a trust appointing one or more new trustees.

(law, England and Wales) A deed executed by the trustees of a trust appointing sums or property out of the trust to one or more beneficiaries.


deed of retirement

deed of retirement (plural deeds of retirement)

(law, England and Wales) A deed executed by the trustees of a trust under which one or more voluntarily retire from being trustees.


fee simple absolute in possession

fee simple absolute in possession (uncountable)

From fee simple + absolute + in possession.

(law, England and Wales, formal, idiomatic) The unqualified and unrestricted ownership of an estate in land; freehold tenure.


term of years

(law, formal) An estate in land held under a lease which is not perpetual or indefinite in length, though in some cases may be contingent on some guaranteed occurrence.

(law, idiomatic) The lease under which that estate in land is held.


perimeter check

perimeter check (plural perimeter checks)

(law enforcement) A patrol conducted by law enforcement to monitor or secure an area.


statutory instrument

statutory instrument (plural statutory instruments)

delegated legislation
delegated legislation

(UK, Ireland, Canada, Australia, law) In some common law jurisdictions, a form of delegated legislation enacted under a power derived from an act of parliament.


gangster ride

... so he'd avoid being pulled over by cops ; another cold car driven by a getaway driver would follow , with the three robbers bringing up the rear in a “gangster ride” or “G-ride,” a recently stolen or carjacked vehicle.

2004, William J. Rehder, Gordon Dillow, Where the Money Is: True Tales from the Bank Robbery Capital of the World, W. W. Norton & Company, →ISBN, page 122:

This was a getaway bucket with style, maybe a G-ride, a gangster ride, stolen out of a driveway in Beverly Hills, and behind the wheel sat the shooter's ace kool, his backup homey, ready to shave the tires bald in a pedal-jammed escape..

2009, Dean Ray Koontz, The Face, Bantam, →ISBN, page 163:

(slang) A stolen car, especially if stolen by gang members.


hot pencil

A police officer uses a pencil to write tickets, which would get warm if used a lot due to friction.

He was a hot pencil who kept CHP brass happy by writing more tickets than anybody. Secretly, he was using his highly polished Badge 861 1 to stalk young women for weird, sexually tinged power games.

From what he could ascertain, he was at least as good or even better as a police detective and as a partner than Charga ever was or could ever be. “he was more than a hot pencil when he was in uniform.” Dunne continued, “Did you know ...

2011, Joseph "Champagne Joe" Militello, Canister Of Evil, AuthorHouse, →ISBN, page 34:

Exposing Police Sexual Misconduct Tom Barker. about the same time as the police. ... As is common in police agencies, his fellow officers were aware of his bizarre antics. ... Known as “hot pencil,” he averaged 250 tickets a month.

2020, Tom Barker, Aggressors in Blue: Exposing Police Sexual Misconduct, Springer Nature, →ISBN, page 104:

(law enforcement slang) A police officer who writes many tickets.


G-ride

Casper's crews accounted for dozens of such carjackings; at times he'd have a virtual motor pool of stolen G-rides stashed in alleys and apartment building parking lots. But sometimes Casper showed more restraint — and even some real ...

2004, Gordon Dillow, William J. Rehder, Where the Money Is: True Tales from the Bank Robbery Capital of the World, W. W. Norton & Company, →ISBN, page 129:

This was a getaway bucket with style, maybe a G-ride, a gangster ride, stolen out of a driveway in Beverly Hills, and behind the wheel sat the shooter's ace kool, his backup homey, ready to shave the tires bald in a pedal-jammed escape.

They were in a G-ride (a stolen car) and weren't trying to get knocked by The Rollers before they carried out their assignment. Keep thinking I'm candy 'til your fucking skull get popped/ and your brain jump out the top like Jack in the ...

2018, Tranay Adams, Me and My Hittas 5, Tranay Adams:


legal notice

(Hong Kong, law) In some common law jurisdictions, a form of delegated legislation enacted under a power derived from an enactment.


heartbeat bill

(US, law) A form of abortion restriction legislation which makes abortion illegal as soon as the fetal heartbeat can be detected.


bomb squad

They isolate; they evacuate the area; and they call the bomb squad. We then go in and do our examination.

1978, United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Criminal Laws and Procedures, Tagging of Explosives: Hearings Before the Subcommittee..., page 181:

Sam and the informant were quickly arrested, and the bomb squad defused the bombs.

2015, Robert A Casper Sr., The FBI, a Vocation to Serve:

A division of a police force or the military responsible for safely defusing or detonating hazardous explosive devices.


return fraud

(law) The act of defrauding a retail store by means of the return process.


FYLSE

(law) Initialism of First-Year Law Students' Examination.


baby bar

(law, slang) The First-Year Law Students' Examination (FYLSE), taken by certain law students in California.


color of authority

(Canada, US law) The claimed legitimization of a person's acts by his/her role as an agent of governmental power.


color of office

(US law) The appearance of authority under which a public official acts.


color of title

(US law) The situation where a claim to title in real estate appears valid but may be legally defective.


sit in judgement

en-verb

sit in judgement (third-person singular simple present sits in judgement, present participle sitting in judgement, simple past and past participle sat in judgement)

sits in judgement (present singular third-person)
sitting in judgement (participle present)
sat in judgement (participle past)
sat in judgement (past)

to perform the role of a judge; to take on the power of judgement


Act of Parliament

en-noun

Act of Parliament (plural Acts of Parliament)

act of parliament
act of parliament#English

(chiefly formal) Alternative letter-case form of act of parliament


Act

Act of Parliament
Act of Parliament#English


Mexican divorce

Mexican divorce (plural Mexican divorces)

(law, historical, sociology) An easier, quicker, and less expensive form of divorce than a divorce in most US states, sought by some Americans.


radio car

Daniels: Can I get you out of a radio car? ... I'm short two men in ops and my follow-up squad couldn't make a case to save its life. You're too damned good to be humpin' calls.

2006 Sept. 10, David Simon & al., "Boys of Summer", The Wire, 00:23:10

(US law enforcement slang) Synonym of police car.


pro eo quod

Borrowed from Latin prō eō quod (literally “for this, that”).


unrebuildable

en-adj

unrebuildable (comparative more unrebuildable, superlative most unrebuildable)

more unrebuildable (comparative)
most unrebuildable (superlative)

A Kentucky salvage certificate of title may be issued from an out-of-state junking certificate or other ownership document bearing a designation of "junk," "unrebuildable,” or other similar classification that disqualifies the vehicle from being titled for use on the highway in that state with the following provisions:

1969, Absalom Crosem Russell, Ray Corns, Baldwin's Kentucky Revised Statutes, with Rules of Practice, page 45:

Just as far as when a vehicle is determined unrebuildable and salvage, basically it is good for parts only.

2006, United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Commerce, Trade, and Consumer Protection, Car Title Fraud, page 134:

These are the same vehicles that are not allowed on the road in the U.. but they bring the cars here and fix them back to about 85% of their original state. The U.S. calls these vehicles salvage vehicles and unrebuildable title cars and they can only be shipped out of the country or used for parts.

2011, Julian Pedican, Progress: Answers and Solutions for a More Progressive Bahamas, page 47:

(law, automotive) Unable to be made roadworthy; legally usable for parts or scrap only.


effluxion of time

[...] we often fail to make sufficient allowance for the changes in standards brought about by the effluxion of time.

1944 March and April, Cecil J. Allen, “British Locomotive Practice and Performance”, in Railway Magazine, page 89:

(law, formal, idiomatic) The determination of a term of years due to the passage of time, rather than the occurrence of a specific event.


term of years absolute

en-noun

term of years absolute (plural terms of years absolute)

(law, England and Wales, formal, misleading) An estate in land held for a term of years of either a specified length or on a periodic basis, and which is not a term of years determinable (though may be determinable for other reasons); a leasehold estate in land.

(law, England and Wales, idiomatic) The lease under which that estate in land is held.


term of years determinable

term of years determinable (plural terms of years determinable)

(law, England and Wales, formal, historical) An estate in land held for a term of years which determined on the deaths of certain individuals, or the cessation of certain life interests.

(law, England and Wales, idiomatic, historical) The lease under which that estate in land was held.


interest in land

interest in land (plural interests in land)

(law) A proprietary interest (such as ownership, a right or some other benefit) in relation to some land, which may be held in gross or appurtenant to some other interest.


UUW

(law, US) Initialism of unlawful use of weapon.


goodify

en-verb

goodify (third-person singular simple present goodifies, present participle goodifying, simple past and past participle goodified)

goodifies (present singular third-person)
goodifying (participle present)
goodified (participle past)
goodified (past)

From good + -ify.
* (kill a black person): Coined in reference to the phrase "the only good nigger is a dead nigger", a popular saying among white supremacists.

All its goodness wears a sickly hue: it is only the badness of the reckless brother that claims our interest, and even he is “goodified” at the end.

1879, The International Review, volume 6, page 712:

Black may be planning to 'goodify' his bad bishop with a future ...♗g5, in which case he has the ...hxg5 option.

2015, Cyrus Lakdawala, Tal: Move by Move, London: Everyman Chess, →ISBN, page 301:

Ellacu, if you will allow me the expression—which I believe is a neologism—those who are grateful have the ability “to goodify reality” [“buenear la realidad”].

2018, Robert Lasalle-Klein, Jon Sobrino: Spiritual Writings:

(transitive, rare, nonstandard) To make good; to improve.

2015 January 24, Fred Oinka, “Scum nigger shot his family, killing 3, then goodified himself”, in alt.fan.rush-limbaugh (Usenet), retrieved 2022-08-23:

The trigger niggers, Samuel Fayomi Brown, 20, of Hyattsville, and Tierek Ty Jay Thomas, 20, of Washington, police say, had a plan: Lure a marijuana dealer, to a dead-end street, surround its hooptie and take its $1,000 worth of pot.
Goodified in the incident was Waasi Harron Raheem Young, 20, a Washington crapper that went by “YC” or “TrapFlavaCee,” according to court records.

2017 March 16, Rick Mathers, “"You are shooting me!"”, in soc.culture.african-american (Usenet), retrieved 2022-08-23:

An 18-year-old trigger teennigger, Dakale Bowman aka Sean Bowman, was arrested Monday and charged with murder in the goodification of 16-year-old anus lipped teendusa Taiyania Thompson that was ventilated in an apepartment near Gallaudet University on Thursday and gave a bat its wings the following Sunday, January 28, authorities said.

2018 February 21, Hansi Gehirn-Schaden, “Anus lipped teendusa posing with guns for social media was goodified by its boonfriend”, in talk.politics.guns (Usenet), retrieved 2022-08-23:

Pastor Weathers goodified nigger bucksow Slough ^([sic]) with a single gunshot to the chest.

2019 April 10, Robert Wolfe, “Nigger pastor kills tranny in Detroit”, in alt.checkmate (Usenet), retrieved 2022-08-23:

2020 September 10, Siri Cruise, “Chimpopo goodifies and aggravated knife weilding groid”, in soc.culture.african.american (Usenet), retrieved 2022-08-23:

(transitive, Internet slang, offensive, ethnic slur) To kill or murder a black person.


Shaggy defense

Coined by Slate writer Josh Levin in 2008 to describe the defense tactics used by singer R. Kelly on trial for child pornography charges. The term refers to reggae musician Shaggy's 2000 single "It Wasn't Me", which narrates a story of shamelessly denying one's infidelity.

(informal) A legal defense strategy in which the defendant categorically denies any involvement.


goodification

en-noun

goodification (usually uncountable, plural goodifications)

From good + -ification or goodify + -ication.

It took until 2012 for the change to actually be implemented, but when it was, it was trumpeted as the 'Goodification' of KFC.

(rare, nonstandard) The state or process of being goodified or made good.


financial agreement

financial agreement (plural financial agreements)

contractual agreement
contractual agreement

(finance, law) A contractual agreement relating to finance.


contractual agreement

contractual agreement (plural contractual agreements)

(law) A legal agreement containing a contract.


legal agreement

legal agreement (plural legal agreements)

(law) An agreement that is legally binding on the parties in some way.


IHT

(taxation, UK) Initialism of inheritance tax.


MOWP

making off without payment
making off without payment#English

(law, UK) Acronym of making off without payment.


make off without payment

en-verb

make off without payment (third-person singular simple present makes off without payment, present participle making off without payment, simple past and past participle made off without payment)

makes off without payment (present singular third-person)
making off without payment (participle present)
made off without payment (participle past)
made off without payment (past)

making off without payment
making off without payment

(UK, law, formal) To commit the criminal offence of making off without payment.


making off without payment

en-noun

making off without payment (uncountable)

(UK, law, formal) The criminal offence of bilking.


alter or change

en-verb

alter or change (third-person singular simple present alters or changes, present participle altering or changing, simple past and past participle altered or changed)

alters or changes (present singular third-person)
altering or changing (participle present singular third-person)
altered or changed (participle past present singular third-person)
altered or changed (past present singular third-person)

[…] or if at any time the common published council shall deem it expedient to alter or change any such grade in whole or in part, it shall be the duty of the commissioner of public works to give notice of such application or intention […]

1882, New York (State), New York City Consolidation Act of 1882: An Act to Consolidate Into One Act and to Declare the Special and Local Laws Affecting Public Interests in the City of New York, Being Chapter 410 of the Laws of 1882, page 655

[…] then any person aggrieved or desiring to alter or change said by-road may apply in writing to three of the chosen freeholders of the county nearest to the said by-road, to lay out, alter or change the said road, […]

1896, New Jersey, General Statutes of New Jersey, page 2827:

Every railroad company in this state, may, by the vote of two-thirds of all its directors, alter or change the route or any portion of the route of its railroad, […]

1919, Wisconsin Statutes, Wisconsin: Legislative Reference Bureau, page 1543:


frozen peaches

(derogatory) Alternative form of freeze peach.


T&Cs

terms and conditions
terms and conditions#English

(law) Abbreviation of terms and conditions.


headlease

(property law) A lease to a landlord or lessor; commonly from the perspective of a sublease to that lease.


head lease

(property law) Alternative form of headlease.


underleaser

(property law, informal) Synonym of sublessor.


head landlord

superior landlord
superior landlord#English

(property law, uncommon) Synonym of superior landlord.


superior tenant

en-noun

superior tenant (plural superior tenants)


superior landlord

superior landlord (plural superior landlords)

(property law) The landlord of a headlease, from the perspective of an underlease to that lease.


head tenant

(property law) The tenant of a headlease, who in turn is landlord to subtenants.


subsublease

(property law) Synonym of subunderlease.


subsubtenant

(property law) Synonym of subundertenant.


subundertenant

(property law) A tenant of a subunderlease; someone leasing a piece of property from a tenant who is subleasing from a tenant who is in turn leasing it from a landlord.


subsublessor

(property law) Synonym of subunderlessor.


subunderlease

(property law) A lease subunderlet by a subtenant to a subundertenant; a third-order lease.


subsublet

en-verb

subsublet (third-person singular simple present subsublets, present participle subsubletting, simple past and past participle subsublet)

subsublets (present singular third-person)
subsubletting (participle present)
subsublet (participle past)
subsublet (past)


subunderlet

subunderlet (third-person singular simple present subunderlets, present participle subunderletting, simple past and past participle subunderlet)

subunderlets (present singular third-person)
subunderletting (participle present)
subunderlet (participle past)
subunderlet (past)

(transitive, property law) To grant a subunderlease out of property held under a sublease.


subunderlessor

(property law) A subtenant that grants a subunderlease; one who subunderlets.


farm business tenancy

en-noun

farm business tenancy (plural farm business tenancies)

Coined by the Parliament of the United Kingdom in 1995 in the Agricultural Tenancies Act 1995.

coinage

(property law, England and Wales) An agricultural tenancy agreed on or after 1 September 1995, made under the Agricultural Tenancies Act 1995.


full agricultural tenancy

en-noun

full agricultural tenancy (countable and uncountable, plural full agricultural tenancies)

(property law, England and Wales) An agricultural tenancy agreed before 1 September 1995, to which the Agricultural Holdings Act 1986 applies.


1986 Act tenancy

1986 Act tenancy (plural 1986 Act tenancies)

full agricultural tenancy
full agricultural tenancy#English

(property law, England and Wales) Synonym of full agricultural tenancy.


Agricultural Holdings Act tenancy

Agricultural Holdings Act tenancy (plural Agricultural Holdings Act tenancies)

Agricultural Holdings Act tenancies (plural)


sub-subunderlease

(property law) A lease sub-subunderlet by a subundertenant to a sub-subundertenant.


clan lab

A laboratory where illegal drugs are manufactured.


twyhyndman

Learned borrowing from Old English twihynde / twyhynde man(n).

lbor

In this computation a twelfhyndman was valued at six ceorls or twyhyndmen, because the weregild of a twelfhyndman was equal to the weregilds of six ceorls.

1849, John Allen, Inquiry into the Rise and Growth of the Royal Prerogative in England, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, […], page 115:

The English burgess was probably eorl or ceorl, twelfhyndman or twyhyndman, according to his birth and descent;

1885, John Beddoe, The Races of Britain: A Contribution to the Anthropology of Western Europe, Bristol: J. W. Arrowsmith, […]; London: Trübner and Co., […], page 63:

They are grouped with the sokemen and liberi homines as twyhyndmen whose wergild was two hundred shillings, as distinct from the thegn class or twelfhyndmen whom to slay involved a penalty of twelve hundred shillings.

1915, E[phraim] Lipson, An Introduction to the Economic History of England, volume I (The Middle Ages), London: A. & C. Black, Ltd., […], page 27:

(criminal law, historical) A man worth two hundred shillings in wergeld.


sixhyndman

Learned borrowing from Old English syxhynde mon.

The nobility are frequently, and in later records generally, styled Thanes; which honour seems to be a territorial designation. They are also indicated by the fines imposed on them for crimes, and by the composition payable for their lives. And thus we find them divided into Twelfhyndmen and Sixhyndmen; according as 1200 or 600 shillings was the amount of their were or composition.

1832 July, “The Rise and Progress of the English Commonwealth. […] By Francis Palgrave, […]. The History of England; Anglo-Saxon Period. (Family Library.) By Francis Palgrave, […].”, in The Edinburgh Review, or Critical Journal, volume LV, number CX, Edinburgh: […] Ballantyne and Company, for Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman, London; and Adam Black, Edinburgh, page 310:

It is remarkable that, though the syxhyndman is named at first, nothing more is said of him; and the twelfhyndman is defined to be a thane.

1848, Henry Hallam, Supplemental Notes to the View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, London: John Murray, […], page 210:

Both the twelvehyndman and the sixhyndman are gesithcundmen, followers of chiefs, and enjoy their privileged position in regard to were and wite, and in other respects, by reason of the exalted patronage bestowed on them.

1905, P[aul] Vinogradoff, The Growth of the Manor, London: Swan Sonnenschein & Co., Lim.; New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Co., page 125:

It was the acquisition of five hides that enabled a warrior to aspire to the rank of king’s thane, and led to the passage into the class of twelvehyndmen for him, or to sixhyndmen in the case of the prosperous wealh.

1908, Paul Vinogradoff, English Society in the Eleventh Society: Essays in English Mediaeval History, Oxford: at the Clarendon Press, page 344:

These wealhs, as well as ceorls, appear to have been able to attain to the rank of king’s thane, but it has been suggested that the thane of Welsh extraction (wealh) was only appraised at half the value of the English thane; in fact that the twelvehyndman with his were of 1,200s. was the English thane, and the sixhyndman with the were of 600s. the Welsh thane.

1909 February 18, Mrs. King Warry, “The Status of Peasantry in Portland”, in Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club, volume XXX, Dorchester: […] the “Dorset County Chronicle” Office, page 76:

(criminal law, historical) A man worth six hundred shillings in wergeld.


twelfhyndman

Learned borrowing from Old English twelfhynde man(n) / mon(n).

The oath of a twelfhind man was equal to the oaths of ſix ceorles; and if revenge was taken for the murder of a twelfhynd man it might be wrecked on ſix ceorles.

1805, Sharon Turner, The History of the Manners, Landed Property, Government, Laws, Poetry, Literature, Religion, and Language, of the Anglo-Saxons, London: […] Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, […], page 317:

But what was the social rank of these burgesses? Were they thegns—twelfhyndmen?

1864, Henry Charles Coote, A Neglected Fact in English History, London: Bell and Daldy, […], page 125:

From about the opening of the tenth century, if not from the close of the ninth, frank-tenure and gentle-tenure became identified with the tenure of the Thegn (or Dienstman) throughout English Mercia and the South-country, all who held by it acquiring the position of Twelfhyndmen, though they were not necessarily Gesithcund, or of gentle birth and descent.

1872, E[ben] William Robertson, Historical Essays in Connexion with the Land, the Church &c., Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas, page lvi:

The twelfhyndmen, the highest grade of eorls, became converted into the king’s thegns, who owned him as their immediate hlaford.

1873, Philip Vernon Smith, History of the English Institutions, London, Oxford, Cambridge: Rivingtons, page 5:

And on the analogy of the Frankish laws, the Anglo-Saxon twelfhynde men were those who owed special service to the king as his comites, antrustions, or thegns;

1889 October, A[ndrew] G[eorge] Little, “Gesiths and Thegns”, in Mandell Creighton, editor, The English Historical Review, volume IV, number 16, London: Longmans, Green, and Co. and New York: […], page 728:

He remarks on the growth of the pretensions of the invaders since the treaty between Alfred and Guthrum which put the Northern warriors only on the same level as the twelf[-]hyndmen, or ordinary thegns.

1906, Thomas Hodgkin, The History of England from the Earliest Times to the Norman Conquest, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., […]; New York; Bombay, page 436:

(criminal law, historical) A man worth twelve hundred shillings in wergeld.


FSMA

w:Financial Services and Markets Act 2000

(UK, law) Acronym of Financial Services and Markets Act 2000.


UCTA

Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977
w:Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977

(UK, law) Acronym of Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977.


made-wine

(UK, taxation) An alcoholic drink made from fermentation, other than grape wine, beer, black beer, spirits or cider, for the purposes of excise tax.


Schedule

(law, formal) Alternative letter-case form of schedule, commonly used in legislation and legal documents.


feu duty

en-noun

feu duty (usually uncountable, plural feu duties)

(Scotland, property law, historical) Money payable by the tenant of a feu to the feudal superior.


English law

The common law legal system of England and Wales, supplemented in Wales by Welsh law.


Scots law

(formal) The legal system of Scotland, a hybrid of civil law and common law.


Welsh law

That part of the common law legal system of Wales that supplements English law.


title plan

(property law, England and Wales) A plan issued by HM Land Registry that accompanies a title register, showing the extent of the legal title described in that register, and sometimes other interests in land that affect the title.


agé

en-verb

agé (third-person singular simple present agés, present participle agéing, simple past and past participle agéed)

agés (present singular third-person)
agéing (participle present)
agéed (participle past)
agéed (past)

Probably from Latin age, imperative of Latin agere.

(Scots law) To act for another (as a law agent or solicitor).


long title

(law, Commonwealth, US, Philippines) The formal, official title of an act (or other piece of legislation); such titles are rarely (if ever) used in practice, and in some cases consist of hundreds of words.

Foreign Interference (Countermeasures) Act 2021


collective title

en-noun

collective title (plural collective titles)

(law, UK, Ireland, formerly Hong Kong) A title given to a collection of related acts (or other pieces of legislation) to facilitate citation.

Offences against the State Acts 1939–1998


Consolidated Fund Act

Consolidated Fund Act (plural Consolidated Fund Acts)

(UK, law) A stock short title used for an Act of Parliament that authorises HM Treasury to issue funds out of the consolidated fund.


Appropriation Act

Appropriation Act (plural Appropriation Acts)

(UK, law) A stock short title used for an Act of Parliament that authorises HM Treasury to issue funds out of the consolidated fund, and which also appropriates those funds for particular use.


Representation of the People Act

Representation of the People Act (plural Representation of the People Acts)

Representation of the People Acts (plural)

(law, Commonwealth) A stock short title used for legislation relating to the electoral system.


Representation of the People Acts

Representation of the People Act#United Kingdom

Representation of the People Act
Representation of the People Act

(law, UK) A collective title for a particular collection of Acts of Parliament of the United Kingdom relating to the electoral system; not merely equivalent to every Representation of the People Act.


CIPA

(US, law, Internet) Acronym of Children's Internet Protection Act.


market overt

Learned borrowing from Law French market overt, a calque of Anglo-Norman marché ouvert (“open market”).

calque

(law, England and Wales, historical) A rule in English law that overrode the general rule that the purported sale of stolen goods would not transfer ownership, if the goods were openly sold at a designated market between sunrise and sunset.

Sale of Goods (Amendment) Act 1994
market overt


MARPOL

(shipping, international law) The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships.


Companies Act

(law, Commonwealth) A stock short title used for legislation relating to companies.


GDL

Graduate Diploma in Law
w:Graduate Diploma in Law

(law, England and Wales) Initialism of Graduate Diploma in Law.


airworthiness directive

en-noun

airworthiness directive (plural airworthiness directives)

(aviation, law) A regulation issued by the civil aviation authority of a country or region, generally in response to the discovery of an unsafe condition affecting particular aircraft, requiring that certain actions (such as specified modifications or enhanced maintenance or inspection requirements) be performed on these aircraft in order for them to remain legally airworthy.


letter of wishes

letter of wishes (plural letters of wishes)

(law) A letter from a settlor to their trustees or a testator to their executors containing non-binding instructions.


AETR

(road transport, international law) The European arrangement in regard to the work of driving personnel engaged in international traffic.


UNIDROIT

(international law) The International Institute for the Unification of Private Law.


LPMPA

w:Law of Property (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1989

(property law, England and Wales) Initialism of Law of Property (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1989.


nawm

NHS Redress (Wales) Measure 2008 (2008 nawm 1)

(UK, law, in citation) Measure of the National Assembly for Wales; a type of legislation passed by the (then) National Assembly for Wales - now the Senedd - between 2008 and 2011; still used despite the change of name.


murder book

(law enforcement) A case file of a murder investigation.


POFMA

The Minister in the Prime Minister's Office and Leader of the House has instructed the Pofma Office to do so.

2022 February 12, Sue-Ann Tan, “Pofma office issues correction direction to Wake Up, Singapore over COP statements”, in Straits Times:

2020 January 27, “SPH Magazines complies with Pofma correction order on false HardwareZone post”, in Business Times:

The ICJ has previously highlighted how POFMA on its face is not compliant with international law and standards protecting the right to freedom of opinion, expression and information.

2021 October 4, “Singapore: ICJ calls on government to repeal or substantially amend the POFMA, two years after it entered into force”, in International Commission of Jurists:

w:Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019

(Singapore) Initialism of Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act, a controversial Singaporean law aiming to suppress fake news


POFMA

en-verb

POFMA (third-person singular simple present POFMAs, present participle POFMAing, simple past and past participle POFMAed or POFMA-ed)

POFMAs (present singular third-person)
POFMAing (participle present)
POFMAed (participle past)
POFMAed (past)
POFMA-ed (participle past)
POFMA-ed (past)

When you POFMA someone, it draws attention to what the person said in the first place.

2023 August 2, Koh Ewe, “A Wave of Scandals Is Testing the Singaporean Government's Ability to Take Criticism”, in Time:

(transitive, informal, Singapore) To accuse someone of spreading falsehoods online under the same law.


ꝓchein

Abbreviation of prochein, using the orthographic borrowing from Medieval Latin ꝓ- as a substitution for pro-.

obor

(law, obsolete) Scribal abbreviation of prochein.


horcrux

Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
Lord Voldemort

Coined by author J. K. Rowling through the random "transposition of syllables," though fans have pointed to the possible influence of Middle English hore (“iniquity, evil, sin”) and English crux (“the central or essential part”). The term first appears in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2005).

They stared at it as if it was the one ring or the holy grail or a horcrux, or perhaps all of them rolled into one. An empty, plastic cat food bowl.

2013, Adam Rawlins, The Strange Encounter of Sally Shakespeare and Toby Tinker, page 24:

They were standard fit, vintage wash, pretty expensive, and I showed them to him and I said, “These are yours if you want them.” And do you know what he did? He actually flinched. Like these were haunted pants or something. Like these were Horcrux jeans with a piece of Lord Voldemort’s soul in them.

2013, Teddy Steinkellner, Trash Can Days: A Middle School Saga, page 20:

Again, he didn’t say anything and she asked him about the arrowhead—was it his Horcrux or something? was there a piece of his soul trapped inside it?—and he shrugged it off.

2016, Joe Halstead, West Virginia, page 38:

In the Harry Potter series, an object in which a wizard has concealed a part of their soul through magic, rendering them immortal until the object is irreparably damaged or destroyed.


nobile officium

(law) The equitable jurisdiction of the Supreme Courts of Scotland.


transferred intent

(law) The situation where, when the intention to harm one party inadvertently causes a second party to be harmed instead, the perpetrator is still held responsible.


hustlement

en-noun

hustlement (countable and uncountable, plural hustlements)

From Middle English ostelment, borrowed from Old French ostillement, ultimately from Vulgar Latin *usitilium, from neuter plural *usitilia, from Latin utensilia (“utensils”).

Theye haue allso abundaunce of bed coueryngs in their houses, and of all other wollen stuffe. They haue greate store of all hustlements and implements of houshold.

1567, John Fortescue, chapter 36, in Robert Mulcaster, transl., A Learned Commendation of the Politique Lawes of Englande, London: Richard Tottel:

the minute Bodies and smallest sort of Creatures about us, which have been by them [the ancients] but sleightly and perfunctorily described, as being the disregarded pieces and huslement of the Creation

1664, Henry Power, Experimental Philosophy, London: John Martin and James Allestry, Preface:

(UK, Yorkshire, US, Virginia, law, obsolete) Miscellaneous household items; odds and ends.


aggravating circumstance

aggravating circumstance (plural aggravating circumstances)

(law, or general usage, chiefly in the plural) A factor that increases the culpability or deleterious consequences of a wrongful act.

verzwarende omstandigheid

a factor that increases the culpability or deleterious consequences of a wrongful act


professional secrecy

All medical men recognize the binding character of the obligation of professional secrecy.

1936, George W. Jacoby, Physician, Pastor and Patient: Problems in Pastoral Medicine, page 332:

All pieces of information handed over confidentially shall be covered by the professional secrecy which must be respected unless the person(s) involved explicitly authorize(s) the journalist to quote his (their) name(s) or information has been provided by a person who knew it was untrue and who, in one way or antoher, misused the good faith of the journalist.

1989, Kaarle Nordenstreng, Hifzi Topuz, Journalist: Status, Rights and Responsibilities:

Since this provision does not lift bankers' professional secrecy and does not imply an obligation to institute an inquiry it does not ensure that complete information is obtained.

1989, Paul Joan George Kapteyn, Pieter Verloren van Themaat, Laurence William Gormley, Introduction to the Law of the European Communities, page 464:

This requires that a therapist carefully maintains professional secrecy, be truly concerned for the patient, be prompt in appointments, and be reasonably available for consultation.

2006, Benedict M. Ashley, Health Care Ethics, page 151:

The minister is bound to professional secrecy, in such a case, of course, like the lawyer or physician.

2006, John Williamson Nevin, Sam Hamstra, The Reformed Pastor, page 71:

In Norway, legal professional secrecy is regarded as a fundamental guarantee of the rule of law promoting the interests of the client, respect for the administration of justice and the laws of society.

2013, Professional Secrecy of Lawyers in Europe, page 393:

(law) The legal protection of confidentiality for disclosures made to certain professionals by their clients.


legal capacity

(law) Capacity of a person to make binding amendments to their rights, duties and obligations, such as getting married or merging, entering into contracts, making gifts, or writing a valid will.


ingrossment

ingrossment (countable and uncountable, plural ingrossments)

(UK, historical, law) Prior to the abolition of inrollment in 1849, the act of preparing a parliamentary bill for royal assent by entering it onto a roll, incorporating any amendments.


bifurcated divorce

bifurcated divorce (plural bifurcated divorces)

(law) A divorce in which the issue of marital status is handled separately from any other issues such as division of property.


escheatery

/ɪsˈt͡ʃiːtəɹi/

A calque from Middle English or Anglo-Norman escheterie; equivalent to escheat + -ery.

Thomas Singleton, bailiff of the escheatery of the town of Lancaster, rendered account in 1441 of £8 4s. 7d. due from ancient rents and various burgages and plats of land which had escheated to the king as duke from various causes.

1914, “Lonsdale Hundred (North of the Sands)”, in William Farrer, J. Brownbill, editors, Victoria History of the County of Lancaster, volume 8, Constable and Company, page 39:

Most importantly, the administrative “experiments” of the Despensers—the home staple, escheatery restructuring, and the designation of “chamber lands”—were brought to an end or modified.

2008 October 27, J. S. Bothwell, “The More Things Change: Isabella and Mortimer, Edward III, and the Painful Delay of a Royal Majority (1327-1330)”, in Charles Beem, editor, The Royal Minorities of Medieval and Early Modern England, Palgrave Macmillan US, →ISBN, page 85:

In view of Clement’s advanced age and busy legal practice, the demands of the escheatery must have been onerous for him.

2014, Christopher Starr, “Escheator”, in Medieval Lawyer: Clement Spice of Essex, Essex Society for Archaeology and History, →ISBN, page 85:

(England and Wales law, historical and rare) The medieval English governmental office that recorded escheated property.


unequal treaty

unequal treaty (plural unequal treaties)

In China, where a subcolonial state had resulted from a series of unequal treaties imposed upon her, the Russian Communists found fertile soil for the reception of their ideas, and thus prepared the way for their subversive infiltration.

1957, Chung-cheng (Kai-shek) Chiang, “Introduction”, in Soviet Russia in China: A Summing-up at Seventy, New York: Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 5:

Officials charged with managing China’s foreign relations offered concessions in various cities — but they deliberately invited multiple sets of foreigners to share in the spoils, so that they could “use barbarians against barbarians” and avoid dominance by any one power. They eventually insisted on scrupulous adherence to the “unequal treaties” with the West and to foreign principles of international law, not because Chinese officials believed them to be valid, but because such conduct provided a means to circumscribe foreign ambitions.

2011, Henry Kissinger, On China, New York: Penguin Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 59–60:

treaty forced upon weaker nations (China) by imperialist power

不平等條約

treaty forced upon weaker nations by imperialist power


arrestable offence

arrestable offence (plural arrestable offences)

From arrestable + offence. First defined and introduced in English law by the Criminal Law Act 1967 (c. 58).

(criminal law, Ireland, Hong Kong, Singapore, historical in UK) A criminal offence such that the offender may be arrested without warrant.

Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005


utrubi

(law, historical) In Ancient Roman law, a kind of interdict relating to disputes of possession over movable property.


expeditation

expeditation (countable and uncountable, plural expeditations)

(UK, obsolete, transitive, law, forest law) The process of expeditating.


trespass on the case

trespass on the case (countable and uncountable, plural trespasses on the case)

(law) A catch-all tort from English common law, involving trespass against anything else other than an individual which may be actionable.


kharaj

(Islam) A kind of individual Islamic tax on agricultural land and its produce.

(Islam, historical) A lump sum duty levied by Muslims upon the lands of conquered provinces.

(Islam, historical) A land tax levied by Muslim rulers on non-Muslim subjects or dhimmis.


Macau scam

From Macau, where such scams were first reported. Compare Tagalog lutong makaw.

(Malaysia) A scam where criminals impersonate a legal authority, a lottery, a kidnapper demanding a ransom, or a bank authority, to trick people into paying them money.


blawgosphere

Right now large firms are underrepresented in the "blawgosphere."

2005, "Between Lawyers Roundtable: The Future of Legal Blogging", Law Practice Magazine, July/August 2005

While the number of judge-authored blawgs is less than the number of blawgs published by other members of the legal community, such as attorneys or law professors, they do have a presence in the blawgosphere that cannot be denied.

2009, Brian A. Craddock, “2009: A Blawg Odyssey: Exploring How the Legal Community Is Using Blogs and How Blogs are Changing the Legal Community”, in Mercer Law Review^(https://ursa.mercer.edu/bitstream/handle/10898/9195/62_60MercerLRev1353(2008).pdf?sequence=1), volume 60, number 4, page 1359:

Women are underrepresented throughout legal academia from the ranks of professors down to the “blawgosphere” of law professor blogging.

2021, Dara E. Purvis, “Legal Education as Hegemonic Masculinity”, in Villanova Law Review, volume 65, number 5, page 1145:

(Internet) The totality of blawgs (law blogs); the community of blawgers.


blawger

Attorneys are finding fans (and some fame) by posting legal commentary on the Internet. Here's a look at four such blawgers.

2003, ABA Journal, March 2003, page 2 (table of contents)

First, there is fear that the lack of accountability conferred by the cloak of anonymity will permit blawgers to make false or scurrilous claims.

2009, Judy M. Cornett, "The Ethics of Blawging: A Genre Analysis", Loyola University Chicago Law Journal, Volume 41, Issue 1, Fall 2009, page 240

Intellectual property lawyers are perhaps the most enthusiastic blawgers.

2011, Peter Groves, A Dictionary of Intellectual Property Law, page 32:

(Internet) A person who runs a blawg (law blog).


legal gender

(law) Person's sex or gender which is recognized under the law.


church tax

(economics) A tax collected by the state from members of some religious denominations to provide financial support of churches, such as the salaries of its clergy and to pay the operating cost of the church


state electrician

state electrician (plural state electricians)

(US) A person hired by a state government to execute condemned criminals in the electric chair.


hearsay evidence

(law) In a legal forum, testimony which is from an under-oath witness who is reciting an out-of-court statement, the content of which is being offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted.


circumstantial evidence

(law) Evidence that relies on an inference to connect it to a conclusion of fact.


specific performance

(law) A legal remedy in which the court orders a party to perform a specific act, such as fulfilling the terms of a contract.


ex testamento

And even if the legatee had purchased such bequeathed property of another, he might recover the value ex testamento.

1840, Arthur Browne, A Compendious View of the Civil Law, and of the Law of the Admiralty, page 300:

To the first ordinance was added that it should apply when the mother inherited ex testamento

1883, Ferdinand Mackeldey, Moses Aaron Dropsie, Handbook of the Roman Law - Volumes 1-2, page 441:

If in 1903 the survivor passed ownership, the children would have to pay transfer duty, because it was not ex testamento.

1916, Alexander Fraser Russell, Gerard Molyneux Swift, Reginald Craufurd Streeten, The South African Law Reports. Appellate Division, page 67:

[…] distinction between trusts inter vivos and trusts ex testamento

1976, The Law of South Africa - Volume 31:

Later putting on a gladiatorial display in memory of someone, provided it was ex testamento, was a way around the lex Tullia de ambitu ( see above on 31.6-7 ) .

1985, Quintus Asconius Pedianus, Bruce A. Marshall, A Historical Commentary on Asconius, page 301:


TARU

(New York City) Initialism of Technical Assistance Response Unit


pregnant denial

pregnant denial (plural pregnant denials)


affirmative pregnant

affirmative pregnant (plural affirmatives pregnant)

(law) An affirmative statement which implies or does not preclude a corresponding negative statement which might favor the adverse party.


Rogers test

In reference to the legal case of Rogers v. Grimaldi.

(US, law) A legal test that is used to determine whether the use of a celebrity's name in the title of a creative work infringes on that celebrity's trademark rights.


child sex abuse

A 2020 study that examined three decades of research on sex education found that comprehensive sex ed that begins in elementary school can help prevent child sex abuse, among other benefits.

2022 April 14, Olga Khazan, “Republicans Have Sex Ed All Wrong”, in The Atlantic:

Online child sex abuse has increased by 27 per cent in just two years, as the NSPCC called for tougher laws to combat “digital breadcrumbing” that signposts paedophiles to illegal content.

2022 April 15, Charles Hymas, “Online child sex abuse up by 27 per cent in two years”, in The Telegraph:

child sexual abuse
child sexual abuse#English

(crime) Alternative form of child sexual abuse.


child sexual abuse

Alternative form: child sex abuse

More than $100 million has been paid out to victims of institutional child sexual abuse in Queensland, amid more than 13,000 national applications for redress.

2022 April 14, Cloe Read, “$100m paid out to child sexual abuse victims in schools, churches”, in Brisbane Times:

One meta-analysis found that European countries, many of which offer comprehensive, mandatory sex ed, including for young children, tend to have the lowest rates of child sexual abuse in the world.

(crime) Sexual abuse of a child by an adult or older child.


copyreich

Between that article and the arogant^([sic]) article about copyreich and trademarx enforcement, I was beginning to wonder why I still get that magazine. In fact, will I be on their mauling list forever?

1995 March 1, Mark W. Sandifer, “Spring Enthusiast”, in rec.motorcycles.harley (Usenet), retrieved 2022-04-17:

Ah, I forgot to check out one of the companies in the copyreich at the bottom of the page. Outflow? Sounds spammish. Oh *them*! They've been mentioned here before.

2004 February 22, Android Cat, “Co$ uses Amnesty International”, in alt.religion.scientology (Usenet), retrieved 2022-04-17:

shsshhh...you're probably infringing on someone's copyreich.

2008 June 22, Crash Gordon, “home alarm system?”, in alt.security.alarms (Usenet), retrieved 2022-04-17:

(informal, derogatory) Copyright, regarded as an oppressive system.


colpindach

(Scots law, obsolete) A two-year-old heifer.


street pharmacist

street pharmacist (plural street pharmacists)

drug dealer (aka street pharmacist :) I can't get a real job yet, so yeah that's my job. I get it from my dad and sell it myself. :)

1999 February 5, chase, “What's your day job?”, in alt.guitar (Usenet), retrieved 2022-04-19:

Joe, being sick of Bob's BS, and constant sucking up, bludgeons Bob about the head with his Prayer Book. Bob arrives at the Pearly Gates and Joe inherits all of Bob's worldly possessions. God no longer loves Joe, but mearly likes him. Joe becomes a pimp and street pharmacist.

1999 October 18, John Kozin, “OT: THEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING EXAM 1”, in alt.toys.gi-joe (Usenet), retrieved 2022-04-19:

They are not a prostitute, they are" Social Workers ".The same is for the drug dealers, they are not a drug dealers, they are "Street Pharmacist!!!!

2000 March 1, firefly, “Street prostitution in Bratislava”, in soc.culture.czecho-slovak (Usenet), retrieved 2022-04-19:


A variant of the British 999, originally selected as an appropriate number for rotary-dial telephones and adapted in New Zealand because the formatting on its pulse-dial system made 1 equivalent to 9 as processed by its British-made telecommunications equipment.

When you call 111 in New Zealand, the Spark operator usually answers the phone with "111 Emergency. Do you require fire, ambulance, or police?"

The telephone number for emergency services in New Zealand and Nauru.


The telephone number for law enforcement in Peru.


ULC

unlimited liability corporation
unlimited liability corporation#English

(Canada, taxation, business, law) Initialism of unlimited liability corporation.


Areopagitican

Of or relating to Areopagitica, a 1644 prose polemic by John Milton opposing licensing and censorship.


IT law

IT law (countable and uncountable, plural IT laws)

information technology
information technology

information technology law
information technology law

(law) Law as it relates to information technology, including computing and the internet, information technology law.


JAWI

w:ms:Jabatan Agama Islam Wilayah Persekutuan

(Malaysia, Islam) Acronym of Jabatan Agama Islam Wilayah Persekutuan (“Islamic Religious Department of the Federal Territory, a branch of the government organisation JAKIM”).

JAIS

Islamic law enforcement agency in Selangor


JAKIM

(Malaysia, Islam) Acronym of Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia (“Department of Islamic Development Malaysia”).


POCSO

It is argued that the petitioner and the victim were good friends and the petitioner who is a minor had no intention to kidnap the minor victim or commit any sexual offence envisaged under the POCSO Act. Further, it is said the POCSO act is not intended to bring within its ambit the romantic relationship between adolescents or teenagers.

2022 April 25, Mustafa Plumber, “Can POCSO Case Against Minor Be Quashed On Parties Arriving At A Mutual Settlement? Karnataka High Court To Consider”, in LiveLaw.in:

(India, law) Acronym of Protection of Children from Sexual Offences, an Act.


veredictum

From Latin veredictum. Doublet of verdict.

It was an improvement on this ancient cuſtom, that the jurators were named by the court instead of being selected by the parties. It was a further progreſs towards our preſent mode of jury, that the jurators were to hear the ſtatements of both parties before they gave their deciding veredictum, or oath of the truth.

1805, Sharon Turner, “The Trial by Jury”, in The History of the Manners, Landed Property, Government, Laws, Poetry, Literature, Religion, and Language, of the Anglo-Saxons, London: […] Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, book V (The History of the Laws of the Anglo-Saxons), page 342:

The fact that the Surrey veredicta are uncancelled, and indeed their very survival, can doubtless be explained by the suspension of the eyre in June 1294, when consideration of the crown pleas had barely begun;

1982, Public Record Office Handbooks, page 35:

None of the original veredicta survive for this eyre, but one of the best surviving examples, and the only one so far to be printed, comes from the Wiltshire eyre which began in the southern eyre circuit at Wilton on the same day as the 1281 Derbyshire eyre began at Derb, and which provides a valuable insight into the nature and contents of the lost Derbyshire veredicta.

2000, Aileen Hopkinson, editor, The Rolls of the 1281 Derbyshire Eyre, Derbyshire Record Society, →ISBN, page xvi:

(historical, law) A written document in Old English law detailing the facts presented as true at a trial.


trigger law

(politics, law) A law which is not active until a particular event comes to pass, converting the inactive law into an active law on the books.

An unenforceable law which awaits conditions that allow its enforcement to come to pass and then automatically comes active on the books.


en-verb

kill0r (third-person singular simple present kill0rs, present participle kill0ring, simple past and past participle kill0red)

> How did you know it was Fury?
The "We are the Furbies and will kill0r j00 4ll!" msgs to the GC probably gave it away.

2001 June 19, Kit, “When Furby attacks......”, in rec.games.computer.planetarion (Usenet), retrieved 2022-05-06:

Anyone who listened to my song, thanks, but I've missed any comments - my NNTP server only keeps posts for a week, then it kill0rs them. Boo-urns!

2001 September 4, Jonathan McArthur, “Eh, fuck it.”, in alt.music.radiohead (Usenet), retrieved 2022-05-06:

14) Spike and Angel are trying to kill0r the middle huge demons but are doing sweet FA damage. Cue some Fatherly and Son dialogue between Spike, Angel and Connor.

2004 May 23, Dan Lam, “Part two of the Angel Final Episode”, in alt.tv.angel (Usenet), retrieved 2022-05-06:

I HAVE TEH KILL0rED 10 MILLION PEOPLES. I BLAME THE WAR ON TERROR AS I EMULATED THE SHOOTERS

2004 July 29, David Beamish, “BAN THIS SICK FILTH! AGAIN!”, in uk.games.video.misc (Usenet), retrieved 2022-05-06:

I'm pretty sure that if Ganon had been left out of TP, Mr Guest would be saying 'TEHY HVAE KILL0RED TEH Z3LDAR!!11!!one!'

2006 January 25, Sir Chewbury Gubbins, “Zelda TP developer: "we're preparing more than you could possibly ever, ever, ever expect"”, in alt.games.video.nintendo.gameboy.advance (Usenet), retrieved 2022-05-06:


cofeoffee

From Middle English cofeffe, cofeoffe, confeoffe, equivalent to co- + feoffee.

[…] that then ſuch and ſo many of the ſaid twelue Cofeoffees aforenamed, which ſhal ſo depart away forth of the ſaid towne of C. and inhabite ⁊ dwell in any other place, ſhall not […] take, receiue, or diſpoſe, any of the rents, iſſues, or profits of the ſaid tenements ⁊ premiſſes: […]

1615, William West, The First Part of Simboleography. […], London: […] Companie of Stationers, page 249:

But where the Lands of any Cofeoffee are omitted, there ſuch Perſon, whoſe Lands are extended, muſt bring his Audita Qeurela againſt the Conuſee, and ſuch Cofeoffee; […]

a. 1726, Lord Chief Baron Gilbert [i.e., Jeffrey Gilbert], The Law of Executions. […], London: […] W. Owen […], published 1763, page 45:

The other acts of this reign that are at all of a juridical nature, are the following: one was to declare that wherever the king was co-feoffee of lands to the use of the feoffer, the land should be in the co-feoffees; which was to prevent the conclusion of law that would give, in such case, the whole to the kind: another required a certain qualification of property in jurors who served in the sherrif's tourn.

1869, [John Reeves], chapter XXIV, in W[illiam] [Francis] Finlason, editor, Reeves' History of the English Law, […], Vol. III. From the Reign of Edward IV to the Reign of Elizabeth, London: Reeves & Turner […], page 16:

He [John Broke] last appears as an attorney in 1400, though afterwards, for nearly ten years, he was frequently named as cofeoffee in Hartfield hundred.

1974, Eleanor Searle, Lordship and Community: Battle Abbey and Its Banlieu, 1066-1538, Toronto, O.N.: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, →ISBN, page 422:

(law, historical) A joint feoffee; one of a group of individuals jointly holding a fief.


hanger and flogger

en-noun

hanger and flogger (plural hangers and floggers)

I am certainly not a hanger and flogger and I hate the occasions when we have to deprive someone of their liberty, but sometimes that has to be done.

1994 April 25, Joan Seccombe, Baroness Seccombe, “Criminal Justice And Public Order Bill”, in parliamentary debates (House of Lords), column 487:

Kenneth Clarke yesterday intensified his assault on Iain Duncan Smith when he dismissed his rival for the Tory leadership as a rightwing "hanger and flogger".

2001 August 30, Nicholas Watt, “Clarke dismisses Tory rival as a 'hanger and flogger'”, in The Guardian:

Later, as shadow home secretary, with her devout Catholicism informing her political positions, she [Ann Widdecombe] had opposed gay marriage, opposed the equalization of the age of consent for men, opposed abortion, but hadn't opposed the death penalty – a hanger and a flogger, she wanted that brought back.

2019, Louis Theroux, Gotta Get Theroux This: My Life and Strange Times in Television, Pan Macmillan:

(UK politics, derogatory) A person who is in favour of severe criminal penalties, especially capital punishment or corporal punishment.


PFIC

passive foreign investment company
w:passive foreign investment company

(taxation) Acronym of passive foreign investment company


From the section of the U.S. federal tax code.

(US, taxation, organizations) An organization that complies with section 501(c)(3) of the U.S. federal tax code. A non-profit organization exempt from some federal income taxes, due to being dedicated to charitable, religious, educational, scientific, public safety, promotion of amateur sport at the national or international level, prevention of cruelty to women or children or animals, or literary purposes.


(US, taxation, organizations) An organization that complies with section 501(c)(4) of the U.S. federal tax code. A non-profit organization exempt from some federal income taxes, due to being dedicated social welfare purposes.


Nigerian prince scam

Nigerian prince scam (plural Nigerian prince scams)

Referring to earlier scams that claim to be from royalty in Nigeria who sought money to escape their country.

A scam in which the solicitor offers large sums of money in return for a smaller up front investment.


domestic terrorism

domestic terrorism (usually uncountable, plural domestic terrorisms)

A bomb went off outside the offices of a Greek business federation in the heart of Athens early on Tuesday, causing damage but no injuries, the police said. It was the first such attack under the country’s leftist-led government, fueling fears of a possible resurgence of domestic terrorism.

2015 November 24, Niki Kitsantonis, “Athens Blast Hurts None but Fuels Fears of Domestic Terrorism”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

In a statement on Tuesday, the president of the F.B.I. Agents Association, Brian O’Hare, urged Congress “to make domestic terrorism a federal crime. This would ensure that F.B.I. agents and prosecutors have the best tools to fight domestic terrorism.”

2019 August 7, Charlie Savage, quoting Brian O’Hare, “What Could a Domestic Terrorism Law Do?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Expressing deep concern about violence tied to white supremacy and other forms of bigotry, Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo proposed on Thursday to make New York the first state to classify “hate-fueled” killings as domestic terrorism.

2019 August 15, Vivian Wang, “New York Moves to Classify Killings Fueled by White Supremacy as Domestic Terrorism”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

A form of terrorism in which victims within a country are targeted by a perpetrator with the same citizenship as the victims.


serial kill

en-verb

serial kill (third-person singular simple present serial kills, present participle serial killing, simple past and past participle serial killed)

serial kills (present singular third-person)
serial killing (participle present)
serial killed (participle past)
serial killed (past)

When the idea that Samantha had been kidnapped by a serial killer first came up in last night's "paper hearts", my sis and I droned out the ensuing commercials by babbling at each other:
"Oh no! She was serial killed! It all makes sense! Poor Mulder!"

1996 December 16, Claire Kerr, “Moose's Mum Confessed So Whut Wuz He Thinkin'?”, in alt.tv.x-files (Usenet), retrieved 2022-05-18:

Wayne Williams(black) was responsible for the serial killings of several black childern in Atlanta. He committed serial murder in proportion to his race that comprises nearly 13% of the total U.S. population . Charles Eng(Asian) killed serveral people of various races in the northern California area. He serial killed in proportion to his race that comprises less than 3% of the total U.S. population

1999 September 2, Jim, “Why do negros kill people?”, in alt.rush-limbaugh (Usenet), retrieved 2022-05-18:

Sure, there are non-whites who murder whites. I can't think of a single case in the U.S., however, where a non-white has serial killed as many victims as Franklin on the basis of racist ideology.

2000 July 31, birk...@my-deja.com, “We need more like Benjamin Smith.”, in alt.revisionism (Usenet), retrieved 2022-05-18:

> I think MB would make a good serial killer; better than dumb, old Henry Lucas or those lame Hillside Stranglers.
A person would be proud to be serial killed by MB.

2003 June 19, righter, “I almost had to shoot somebody tonight”, in alt.tv.sopranos (Usenet), retrieved 2022-05-18:

Again, quality over quantity. Avoid the elderly and sick, as they tend to be ignored also. Children are OK, but only if they have parents who can cry for the cameras. You almost never hear of orphans being serial killed, and not because they aren't.

2005 March 13, Offshore Eddie, “Re: Serial Killer DOs and DON'Ts”, in alt.true-crime (Usenet), retrieved 2022-05-18:

(transitive) To kill as part of a series of murders.


windfall tax

The windfall tax was the political glue in the 1980 deal to get Washington out of the business of setting oil prices. Producers were freed from cumbersome, costly controls, while the public was assured a portion of any gain from OPEC-led price gouging.

1988 April 23, “Time for the Windfall Tax to Fall”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Companies at the centre of the global grain trade have enjoyed a record bonanza amid soaring food prices around the world, raising concerns of profiteering and speculation in global food markets that could put staples beyond the reach of the poorest, and prompting calls for a windfall tax.

2022 August 23, Fiona Harvey, “Record profits for grain firms amid food crisis prompt calls for windfall tax”, in The Guardian:

Ellipsis of windfall profits tax, a higher tax rate on profits from sudden gains (“profiteering”) in certain industries.


outrage of modesty

en-noun

outrage of modesty (countable and uncountable, plural outrages of modesty)

(criminal law, Singapore, Malaysia, India, Pakistan) molestation; indecent assault, especially against women


death threat

A threat to kill another person or a group of people.


HMP

(Newfoundland, law enforcement) Initialism of Her/His Majesty's Penitentiary.

(Commonwealth, law enforcement) Abbreviation of Her/His Majesty's Prison. The name of several prisons in the British Commonwealth and British Empire.


HMP

HMP (countable and uncountable, plural HMPs)

(UK, law enforcement) Initialism of Her/His Majesty's Prison.: The prefix used in the names of prisons in the United Kingdom.


ADX

administrative maximum
w:supermax prison

(US) Abbreviation of administrative maximum; supermax.


MSJ

summary judgment
summary judgment#English

(law) Initialism of motion for summary judgment.


three-strikes law

three-strikes law (plural three-strikes laws)

See three strikes and you're out § Etymology.

(US, New Zealand, law) A criminal-sentencing structure under which the third conviction results in a mandatory life sentence.