roundhouse

[T]he gentlemen in the coffee room insisted upon the watch being called, or a constable. With considerable difficulty the two heroes were carried off to the round-house, and there lodged for the night.

1808–10, William Hickey, Memoirs of a Georgian Rake, Folio Society 1995, p. 137

A circular prison, especially a small local lockup or station house.

(nautical, now historical) A privy near the bow of a vessel, especially as reserved for officers.

Crewe North Motive Power Depot is to be modernised completely. This includes the provision of a new coaling plant, ash handling plant, and two new locomotive sheds of the latest roundhouse type, each with 32 roads radiating from a 70-ft. dia. turntable.

1948 November and December, “Crewe M.P.D. to be Modernised”, in Railway Magazine, page 372:

Archaeologists working on HS2 in Birmingham have uncovered the remains of what is believed to be the world's oldest railway roundhouse at Curzon Street station.

2020 March 25, “Network News: HS2 work uncovers oldest roundhouse”, in Rail, page 16:

(rail transport) A circular building in which locomotives are housed.

депо

a circular building in which locomotives are housed

A central stone slab cist containing the burial was surrounded by a circles of stones placed on edge, probably to represent the round house in which the deceased had lived.

2019, Alan Staniforth, Cleveland Way, page 66:

(archaeology) A prehistoric dwelling typical of northwest Europe in the Iron Age and Bronze Age.

casa circular

(card games) In the game of pinochle, a meld consisting of a queen and king in each of the four suits.


garnishment

en-noun

garnishment (countable and uncountable, plural garnishments)

(law) A judgment that a third party should pay money owing to a defendant directly to a plaintiff.

Pfändung

a judgment that a third party should pay money owing to a defendant directly to a plaintiff


abaddon

UK C19. From Abaddon, from Middle English, from Late Latin, from Ancient Greek Ἀβαδδών (Abaddṓn, “Abaddon”), from Hebrew אבדון (ābaddōn, “destruction, abyss”), from אבד (ābad, “to be lost, to perish”).

der

The prisoner, Money Moses, better known among thieves and fences as Moses the abaddon, has been, to my knowledge, for the last twenty years a receiver and dealer in stolen property.

c. 1839, Report of the Trial of the Great Gold Dust Robbery:

(archaic, British slang) An informer; a criminal who informs on other criminals to the authorities.


registrability

(law) The property of being registrable as a trademark.


guardroom

A jail cell in which military prisoners are kept.


black letter

en-noun

black letter (countable and uncountable, plural black letters)

[The US Supreme Court] did not raise the fundamental normative question of the patent-ability of genes. Instead, it took a black letter approach to interpreting the Patent Act, which had first been enacted in 1790, and which in its current form states that “whoever invents or discovers any new and useful process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof, may obtain a patent therefor, subject to the conditions and requirements of this title.”

2020, Katharina Pistor, “5: Enclosing Nature's Code”, in The Code of Capital […] , Princeton University Press, →ISBN:

(law) The basic standard elements for a particular field of law, which are generally known and free from doubt or dispute.


Black Maria

Unknown, though such vans were traditionally painted black. First attested in the 1830s.

The Upper Ten Thousand have plenty of cash—
At the Central Park, on the “Drive,” cut a dash;
They have their light wagons, fast horses beside;
In the free “Black Maria” the Lower Ten ride.

1867, Tony Pastor, “The Upper and Lower Ten Thousand”, in Tony Pastor’s Book of Six Hundred Comic Songs and Speeches:

(slang) A police van for transporting prisoners.


compulsory purchase

(law, UK, Ireland) The power of a state to expropriate private land within its jurisdiction for public use.

onteigening

government's right to expropriate private land

expropriation pour cause d’utilité publique


memorialize

en-verb

memorialize (third-person singular simple present memorializes, present participle memorializing, simple past and past participle memorialized)

memorializes (present singular third-person)
memorializing (participle present)
memorialized (participle past)
memorialized (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-memorialize.wav

(law) To create a written record of a meeting or conversation.


negotiable

en-adj

negotiable (comparative more negotiable, superlative most negotiable)

more negotiable (comparative)
most negotiable (superlative)

/nɪˈɡəʊʃəbəl/

/nɪˈɡoʊʃəbəl/

/nɪˈɡəʉʃəbəl/

(law, finance) Able to be transferred to another person, with or without endorsement, in exchange for money.

negociable

able to be transferred to another person, with or without endorsement


tortfeasance

From Anglo-Norman tortfesance, from Old French tort (“a misdeed, a wrong”) + fesance (“act, action, deed”).

The defendant's tort-feasance is now set forth with the damage, and the plaintiff says, that the defendant with an intention to injure him in the enjoyment of his commonable estate, during the time of his being so entitled to his common, wrongfully put and depastured several cattle on the waste there, in consequence of which, he has been unable to make use of his commonable profits in as ample and beneficial a manner as he otherwise might.

1824, Humphry W[illiam] Woolrych, “Of Pleading Rights of Common, etc.”, in A Treatise on the Law of Rights of Common, London: Joseph Butterworth and Son, law booksellers, 43, Fleet Street, →OCLC, page 278:

Among the various matters of which, either from ancient authors or the testimony of grammarians, we know the Thesmothetæ to have had cognizance, are the following— […] Also a great variety of civil actions; as those for the recovery of land, houses, and mesne profits: actions for debt, deposit, breach of contract, abusive language, damage or tort-feasance: […]

1856, Demosthenes, “Appendix IV. The Archons.”, in Charles Rann Kennedy, transl., The Orations of Demosthenes against Leptines, Midias, Androtion, and Aristocrates. Translated, with Notes, &c. (Bohn's Classical Library), volume III, London: Henry G[eorge] Bohn, York Street, Covent Garden, →OCLC, pages 260–261:

In the case of successful tort subrogation claims against the federal government, for example, the economic losses resulting from government tortfeasance are shifted from the industry to the government; hence, they are distributed presumably through taxation rather than spread equally among policyholders of a specific class.

1964, Ronald C. Horn, Subrogation in Insurance Theory and Practice (S. S. Huebner Foundation for Insurance Education, Studies), Homewood, Ill.: Published for the S. S. Huebner Foundation for Insurance Education, University of Pennsylvania, by R. D. Irwin, →OCLC, page 107:

The conspicuous absence of the use of the term "joint" tortfeasor can be taken to mean that the position of the Ontario Court of Appeal is that the tortfeasance that is sufficient to attract the operation of § 2(1) of the Act may be joint or concurrent (several) tortfeasance.

1980, Chitty's Law Journal, volume 28, Toronto: Jonah Publications, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 235, column 2:

To procure another's tort will render the procurer jointly liable in tort. By the doctrine of joint tortfeasance, the procurement leads the law to 'impute' the commission of the same wrongful act to two or more persons at once.

2010, Hazel Carty, “Inducing Breach of Contract”, in An Analysis of the Economic Torts, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 60:

(chiefly law) The condition, or an act, of doing wrong; the act of committing a tort.


death squad

An armed group that carries out clandestine, extrajudicial killings.


Blackacre

If A. have Black Acre and C. have White Acre, and A. has a way over White Acre to Black Acre, and then purchases White Acre, the way will be extinct; and if A. afterwards enfeoff C. of White Acre without excepting the road, it is gone.

1790, Francis Buller, An Introduction to the Law Relative to Trials at Nisi Prius, page 74:

Example: Alvin holds Blackacre for investment and wishes to exchange it for like kind property to be held for investment. Becky wants Blackacre, but has only cash.

2008, Gwendolyn Griffith Lieuallen, Basic Federal Income Tax, page 209:

For example, a gift of Blackacre today, when Blackacre is worth $100,000, will freeze the value of Blackacre at $100,000 forever when determining the value of the transferor's transfer tax base, assuming Blackacre will not be brought back into the transferor's estate under I.R.C. § 2036, 2037, or 2038 because the grantor has retained some right or power over Blackacre.

2010, Louis A. Mezzullo, An Estate Planner's Guide to Family Business Entities, page 123:

(law) A placeholder name of a fictitious or hypothetical estate in land commonly used to discuss the rights of various parties to a piece of real property.


jury duty

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-jury duty.wav

I can't come to work next week as I am on jury duty and I can't get out of it.

A period of time during which a person is obliged to be a member of a panel of people who may be called as members of one or more juries.


re-surveillance

(law) A follow-up sub rosa investigation after an unsuccessful or unfruitful covert investigation.


six-pack

Officer Bahash then obtained a copy of Grant's photograph from the DMV and placed it in a six-person photograph array (also known as a “six-pack”) for possible identification by two earlier victims.

2008, John N. Ferdico, Henry F. Fradella, Christopher D. Totten, Criminal Procedure for the Criminal Justice Professional, 10th edition, page 792:

(US, informal, law enforcement) A selection of six photographs, including one of a suspect, used for identification by a witness.


notarization

en-noun

notarization (countable and uncountable, plural notarizations)


no-fault

(law, of vehicle insurance) In which a claimant is compensated for actual economic loss without blame being assigned to a particular party.

(law, of a divorce or an eviction) In which neither party is assigned blame.


stop up

en-verb

stop up (third-person singular simple present stops up, present participle stopping up, simple past and past participle stopped up)

stops up (present singular third-person)
stopping up (participle present)
stopped up (participle past)
stopped up (past)

stop down

antonym(s) of “increase the aperture of a photographic lens”

(UK, law) To permanently close or block (a road or path); to legally extinguish a right of way.


crime against humanity

en-noun

crime against humanity (plural crimes against humanity)

Be faithful to your friend that doth entrust you; remembring that perfidiousness or falseness to a friend, is a crime against humanity, and all society.

1629, Richard Baxter, Christian Directory, IV.25:

Courage remained a virtue. And that exploitation of courage, if I may be allowed to say a thing so obvious, was the essential tragedy of the War, which, as everyone now agrees, was a crime against humanity.

1929, Siegfried Sassoon, Memoirs of a Fox-Hunting Man:

A Spanish judge has charged five suspected former leaders of the armed Basque separatist movement ETA with crimes against humanity for attacks carried out by the group after 2004 which killed 12 people.

(now chiefly law) A very destructive and immoral act; later specifically, something causing widespread human misery or loss of life; an atrocity.

جَرِيمَة ضِدَّ الْإِنْسَانِيَّةَ

a large-scale persecution of, or atrocity against, a body of people


unorganized

en-adj

unorganized (comparative more unorganized, superlative most unorganized)

more unorganized (comparative)
most unorganized (superlative)

Citizens liable for military service but not organized on a military basis

disorganized

a negative term indicating inadequate organization

Palmyra Atoll is an unorganized territory.

Not organized: not having been organized.

(US, law) (of a territory) Lacking a normal system of government.


subtenant

en-verb

subtenant (third-person singular simple present subtenants, present participle subtenanting, simple past and past participle subtenanted)

subtenants (present singular third-person)
subtenanting (participle present)
subtenanted (participle past)
subtenanted (past)

(property law, informal) Synonym of sublet.


gendarmerie

We must defend it till the Gendarmerie turn out. Keep after me.

1908, G[ilbert] K[eith] Chesterton, The Man Who Was Thursday: A Nightmare, Bristol: J[ames] W[illiams] Arrowsmith, […]; London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Company, →OCLC, page 259:

A military body charged with police duties among the civilian population.


sublease

(property law) A lease sublet by a tenant or lessee to a subtenant.


sublease

sublease (third-person singular simple present subleases, present participle subleasing, simple past and past participle subleased)

subleases (present singular third-person)
subleasing (participle present)
subleased (participle past)
subleased (past)

These had been sub-leased from EMR (and previously East Midlands Trains) for more than a year to cover for Mk 4s undergoing planned maintenance.

2019 November 20, “Fleet News”, in Rail, page 31:


unititular

(law) Owned by a single person or company.


skimmer

(crime) A device used to read and record the magnetic code from a credit card for later fraudulent use.


usufructuary

/ˌjuːz(j)ʊˈfɹʌkt͡ʃʊˌəɹi/

From Late Latin ūsūfructuārius, from ūsūfructus (“a usufruct”) + -ārius (suffix forming a noun denoting an agent of use from another noun); compare French usufructuaire, Italian usufruttuario, Portuguese usufructuario.

By this longobard Law the Tenant had only a uſufructuary poſſeſſion of the Fee, the Lord reſerving the propriety or Dominum directum to himself.

1657, [Matthew Hale], “The Preface”, in A Treatise of the Just Interest of the Kings of England, in Their Free Disposing Power, and the Validity of Their Grants Made to Any of Their Subjects. And the History of Acts of Resumption, and How They have been Gain’d. Written at the Request of a Person of Honour, in the Year 1657, by a Person Learn’d in the Laws, Suppos’d My Lord Chief Justice Hales. To which is Added, a Prefatory Discourse, in Answer to a Discourse on Grants and Resumptions, and another of the Exorbitant Grants of W[illiam] III, London: Printed for Thomas Osborne in Gray's-Inn near the Walks, published 1703, →OCLC, page xvi:

[T]he French are not ſo ſcruplous; but in the abſoluteſt Monarchy of Europe, plainly declare that their King hath but a uſufructuary right to his Kingdom, and the Territories belonging thereunto, or that he can any way charge them with his debts, or alienate, or diſpoſe of them; without the conſent of the States of France, […]

1681, “a Lover of Truth and of his Country” [pseudonym; James Tyrrell], “chapter IV”, in Patriarcha non Monarcha. The Patriarch Unmonarch’d: Being Observations on a Late Treatise and Divers Other Miscellanies, Published under the Name of Sir Robert Filmer Baronet. In which the Falseness of those Opinions that would Make Monarchy Jure Divino are Laid Open; and the True Principles of Government and Property (especially in Our Kingdom) Asserted, London: Printed for Richard Janeway, in Queens-head-Alley in Pater-Noster-Row, →OCLC, page 122:

While water itself is personal property, a water right is a real property interest, a so-called usufructurary right, a right to use water from a specific source for a specific use.

2001, The Journal of the Kansas Bar Association, volume 70, [Topeka, Kan.]: Kansas Bar Association, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 27, column 1:


usufructuary

/ˌjuːz(j)ʊˈfɹʌkt͡ʃʊˌəɹi/

It was queſtioned, whether Seius had ſtill the right as uſufructuary of the Profits; in regard Titius had only the property given unto him, without the fruits, and profits, belonging to Seius during his life, Julianus answered that Seius having drown'd his right as uſufructuary to the profits, in purchaſing the property, by conſolidating the ſeverall intereſts, The rights which were before diſtinguiſhed, being made one, Titius ſhall have the ſole, and full right in the Land, and Seius by his own act looſe the right of all profits, as uſufructuary to the ſame.

1652, [Richard Zouch], “Of Profits, and Property Consolidated”, in Cases and Qvestions of Right and Judicature, Resolved in the Civil-Law, part I, Oxford: Printed by Leon. Lichfield, printer to the University, for Tho[mas] Robinson, →OCLC, title II (Of Title to Goods or Lands, and of Common Right or Property), section II (Of Speciall Right or Commodity), pages 36–37:

[T]hat great Aſſembly des notables called by K. Francis the Firſt, to give their Judgment of the Articles of Peace lately made with the Emperour Charles V. at Madrid, their ſenſe was, that Burgundy which by thoſe Articles was to be delivered up, was an inſeparable Member of the Crown, of which he was but the uſufructuary, and ſo he could not diſpoſe of the one any more than of the other; […]

1681, “a Lover of Truth and of his Country” [pseudonym; James Tyrrell], chapter IV, in Patriarcha non Monarcha. The Patriarch Unmonarch’d: Being Observations on a Late Treatise and Divers Other Miscellanies, Published under the Name of Sir Robert Filmer Baronet. In which the Falseness of those Opinions that would Make Monarchy Jure Divino are Laid Open; and the True Principles of Government and Property (especially in Our Kingdom) Asserted, London: Printed for Richard Janeway, in Queens-head-Alley in Pater-Noster-Row, →OCLC, pages 122–123:

(law) A person who holds property, or the use of assets, by usufruct; a fructuary.

usufructuari

a person who holds property, or the use of assets, by usufruct


commissary

From Late Latin commissarius, from commissus, past participle of committō (“to commit, entrust to”). Doublet of commissar.

A store primarily serving persons in an institution, most often soldiers or prisoners.

лавка

“We tried to provide for you while you were in there. We may not have put as much on your commissary as your in-laws, but what we gave was more to us.”

2018, Tayari Jones, An American Marriage, Oneworld Publications, page 183:

An account which a prisoner uses to buy provisions, or the balance of that account.

(Scots law) The judge in a commissary court.


freelancing

(EMS, fire service, law enforcement) The act of performing one's duties outside of the chain of command and SOPs.


copyhold

en-noun

copyhold (countable and uncountable, plural copyholds)

"[…] this quiz with all the strange old terms in it, curtilage and messuage and socage and fee simple and fee tail and feoffee and copyhold and customary freehold and mortmain and devises and lex loci rei sitae."

(property law, historical) A former form of tenure in which the title deeds were a copy of the manorial roll.


avvocato

No one, not even the avvocato, ever asked the direct question, 'Do you know who made the fire, Peppina?'

1917, Florence Converse, “The Culprit”, in The Atlantic Monthly, volume 119, page 57:


lord of the manor

lord of the manor (plural lords of the manor or lords of the manors)

lords of the manor (plural)
lords of the manors (plural)

(law, historical) The feudal lord of a manor estate.


kashrut

Borrowed from Hebrew כַּשְׁרוּת (kashrut).

bor+

(Jewish law) The Jewish dietary laws, stating which foods are fit to eat.


indenture

From Anglo-Norman endenture, from Old French endenteure, from endenter (“to dent”). The name of the contract derives from the irregular dent-shaped cut (indentation) used to prove the authenticity of the two parts, similar to a chirograph.

And so the schoolmistress reconciled the recommendation to her conscience, and the indentures were cancelled, and the apprentice was free.

1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter II, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:

(law) A contract which binds a person to work for another, under specified conditions, for a specified time (often as an apprentice).

(law) A contract relating to lending (typically for issuing a bond), a real estate transaction, or a bankruptcy that imposes additional conditions on one or both parties.

Walking the street very hungry, and not knowing what to do with himself, a crimp's bill was put into his hand, offering immediate entertainment and encouragement to such as would bind themselves to serve in America. He went directly, sign'd the indentures, was put into the ship, and came over, never writing a line to acquaint his friends what was become of him.

1771–1790, Benjamin Franklin, “The Autobiography [Part 1]”, in John Bigelow, editor, Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. […], Philadelphia, Pa.: J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott & Co., published 1868, →OCLC, page 159:

It was the critical moment of Oliver’s fate. If the inkstand had been where the old gentleman thought it was, he would have dipped his pen into it, and signed the indentures, and Oliver would have been straightway hurried off.

1837 March, Boz [pseudonym; Charles Dickens], “Relates How Oliver Twist Was Very Near Getting a Place, Which Would Not Have Been a Sinecure”, in Oliver Twist; or, The Parish Boy’s Progress. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], published 1838, →OCLC, page 46:

For the next two years, Ann's position in the family grew to be more and more that of a daughter. If it had not been for the indentures lying serenely in that tall wooden desk, she would almost have forgotten, herself, that she was a bound girl.

1886, Mary E. Wilkins, The Adventures of Ann:

(law, often in the plural) A document, written as duplicates separated by indentations, specifying either of the above contracts.


indenture

en-verb

indenture (third-person singular simple present indentures, present participle indenturing, simple past and past participle indentured)

indentures (present singular third-person)
indenturing (participle present)
indentured (participle past)
indentured (past)

(law) To bind a person under such a contract.


final account

(law) The statement submitted at the close of the matter.


industrial tribunal

en-noun

industrial tribunal (plural industrial tribunals)

(law, India, dated in England and Wales) A tribunal with jurisdiction to hear labour disputes.


in camera

Borrowed from Latin in camerā (“in the chamber”).

The trial was held in camera because the accused was a minor.

Ma'am, I must protest most strongly your decision to conduct this inquest in camera.

2011, M. R. Hall, The Disappeared: A Jenny Cooper Mystery, →ISBN, page 309:

Any transcription of the proceedings at the in camera hearing, as well as any physical evidence presented at the hearing, shall be ordered sealed by the court, and only a court may have access to its contents.

2014, John Snape, California Evidence Code 2014, →ISBN, page 43:

An inquest in camera and they would all be vindicated.

2018, Kate Atkinson, Transcription, →ISBN, page 293:

(law) Without the presence of the public or the media (in court)

i gcúirt iata

without the presence of the public or the media


enactment

enactment (countable and uncountable, plural enactments)

The enactment of this law will be a great step backward for our country.

The act of enacting, or the state of being enacted.

(law) The act of making (a bill) into law.

The enactments passed by the council that year included sweeping reforms.

(law) A piece of legislation that has been properly authorized by a legislative body.

göstəriş

a piece of legislation that has been properly authorized by a legislative body


slush fund

Originally in reference to money for miscellaneous uses that sailors made by selling slush (“a soft mixture of grease and other ingredients”).

He is said to have used his party’s slush fund to buy votes in the election.

7: CERN bestows slush fund on the LHC. Take all pennies from the CERN space.

2008 September 28, Illiad [pen name; J. D. Frazer], “The Large Hadron Collider Game”, in Userfriendly.org, archived from the original on 2019-05-07:

To do this, [the Lord Mayor] has at his disposal a multibillion-pound slush fund for use in lobbying the UK government and governments around the world to bring in laws that are friendly to banks and multinational companies.

2017, Jason Hickel, “The Tax Evaders”, in The Divide […] , London: William Heinemann, →ISBN:

(finance) Money stored for illegal or dishonest purposes.

pimeä rahasto

money stored for illegal or dishonest purposes


coppish

And it was early morning, and the world was moist, when the crystal-gazer's husband, a freak in knickerbockers with an open coppish and a sabbath gamp, came over the stones outside his house to meet the holy travellers.

a. 1954 (date written), Dylan Thomas, “The Holy Six”, in Adventures in the Skin Trade (A New Directions Paperbook; no. 183), New York, N.Y.: New Directions Publishing Corporation, published 1969, →ISBN, page 129:


connivance

connivance (countable and uncountable, plural connivances)

From early 18th c., replaced earlier form connivence (late 16th c.), from Latin connīventia, from connīvēns (“winking”).

The Abbot’s house, which formed the third side of the square, was, though injured, still inhabited, and afforded refuge to the few brethren who yet, rather by connivance than by actual authority, were permitted to remain at Kennaquhair.

1820, [Walter Scott], chapter XIII, in The Abbot. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne & Co.] for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and for Archibald Constable and Company, and John Ballantyne, […], →OCLC, page 271:

(law) The process of conniving or conspiring.

թողտվություն

(law) the process of conniving or conspiring


Mr. Big

Now the quality of arrests will presumably receive an emphasis that long overdue. The “Mr. Bigs” will properly become targets.

1971 November 26, “Getting ‘Mr. Big’”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

In this view the very idea of there being these marvelous Government secrets is comforting. As long as our guys have the secrets, we are safe. If Mr. Big, or Blofeld, or Ming of the planet Mungo, or the K.G.B. should get our secrets, they might be able to control the world.

1973 May 26, Russell Baker, “The Mr. Big Myth”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(informal) The head of a crime syndicate, a high-ranking criminal.


a non domino

From Latin, literally "from the non-owner".

(law) Describing a disposition of property granted by a party who has no title to it.


legal duty

I've done my legal duty.

(law, idiomatic) A duty prescribed by the law, to act or forbear from acting.


primary offense

primary offense (plural primary offenses)

(law) The most serious offence of a group of offenses that a person committed at the same time, or is charged with committing at the same time.

(US, law) An offence of such seriousness that a police officer may arrest the person involved, or impose an instant fine.


John Law

A personification of law enforcement; a police officer.


statie

Alan supposed the Staties would arrest him if they ran across him while they pursued other lines of investigation, but otherwise, no. They had more important things to do.

(New England, slang, law enforcement) A state trooper.


plainclothes

Ordinary civilian clothes, rather than uniform.


anticonstitutionally

en-adv

anticonstitutionally (comparative more anticonstitutionally, superlative most anticonstitutionally)

more anticonstitutionally (comparative)
most anticonstitutionally (superlative)


hedonic damages

(law) Damages awarded to the plaintiff, in a personal injury case, for the loss of joy of living.


murther

en-verb

murther (third-person singular simple present murthers, present participle murthering, simple past and past participle murthered)

murthers (present singular third-person)
murthering (participle present)
murthered (participle past)
murthered (past)

/ˈmɜː(ɹ)ðə(ɹ)/

In the meane time it chaunced, that Marcus Papyrius ſtroke one of the Galles on the heade with his ſtaffe, because he preſumed to ſtroke his bearde: with whiche iniurie the Gaulle beeing prouoked, ſlue Papyrius (as he ſate) with hys ſworde, and therewith the ſlaughter being begun with one, all the reſidue of thoſe auncient fatherly men as they ſat in theyr Chayres were ſlaine and cruelly murthered.

1577, Raphaell Holinshed, “The Historie of Englande”, in The Firste Volume of the Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande […], volume I, London: […] [Henry Bynneman] for Iohn Harrison, →OCLC, page 26, columns 1–2:

What wilt thou do? Thou wilt not murther me?

c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:


bar examination

en-noun

bar examination (plural bar examinations)

An examination that must be passed by persons who wish to practice law.


fruit machine

From fruit + machine.
* (slot machine): From originating with machines with fruit pictures
* (criminology): From being a machine used to identify fruits (“homosexuals”)
* (food): From being a machine containing fruits

(Canada, criminology, slang) A device developed to identify homosexual people by measuring their physical responses to different kinds of pornography.


reductive

en-adj

reductive (comparative more reductive, superlative most reductive)

more reductive (comparative)
most reductive (superlative)

From Middle French réductif, from Late Latin reductivus, from the participle stem of Latin reducere (“to reduce”).

(Scots law, now rare) Pertaining to the reduction of a decree etc.; rescissory.


hatchet man

The crime lord dispatched his favorite hatchet man to make sure the witness would not testify.


remainderman

(law) A person entitled to receive a remainder interest in any property.

(law) A person entitled to the assets of a trust at the end of some specified period or after some event. For instance a man's will might put his assets into a trust with the income to go to his wife until she dies (being a life interest), at which time the capital (remainder interest) goes to their children. The children are remaindermen.


preliminary injunction

en-noun

preliminary injunction (plural preliminary injunctions)

(law) A court order prohibiting a party to litigation from carrying on a course of action until a trial has determined whether the course of action is proper.


assume the position

en-verb

assume the position (third-person singular simple present assumes the position, present participle assuming the position, simple past and past participle assumed the position)

assumes the position (present singular third-person)
assuming the position (participle present)
assumed the position (participle past)
assumed the position (past)

A day or two later we took down another seller and this time the rookie performs the search. Assume the position! he tells the guy. So the guy leans against the side of the car.

2002, James Harper Walker, Inside Your Local Police:

(idiomatic, US, law enforcement) To turn away, with one's hands in a visible and unmovable position, so that one can be searched.


direct examination

en-noun

direct examination (countable and uncountable, plural direct examinations)

(law) In a legal trial, the questioning of a witness by the attorney for the party who has called the witness to testify.


hostile witness

hostile witness (plural hostile witnesses)

(law) A witness who intentionally gives unfavorable evidence against the party that called him or her as its witness.

敵對證人

person called to testify by a party to whom that witness is opposed


defensor

(law) a defender or advocate in court; a guardian or protector


purposive approach

(law) doctrine of interpreting an enactment according to the spirit of the law and in the context of its drafting


literal rule

(law) The method of strictly interpreting a statute according to the meaning, established by convention, of the words used therein.


assault and battery

(law, idiomatic) The combination of two violent crimes: assault (the threat of violence) and battery (physical violence). This legal distinction exists only in jurisdictions that distinguish assault as threatened violence rather than actual violence.


bright-line rule

bright-line rule (plural bright-line rules)

(law) A clearly defined rule or standard, composed of objective factors, which leaves little or no room for varying interpretation.


stakeout

The police had a stakeout in place where they expected the crime to occur.

The act of watching a location or people, generally covertly.


de die in diem

The workers are paid de die in diem.

She received her salary de die in diem.


et uxor

From Latin et (and) and uxor (his wife).

I confirmed at Whitegate church about 300 persons, and returned to Vale Royal, where dined with me Sir Thomas Grosvenor et uxor, and Mrs. Rigby, Sir Philip Egerton, uxor et filius, Mr. Leftwich Oldfeild, Mr. Dean, Mr. Woods, vicar of Over, Mr. Marbury, rector of Davenham, Mr. Hanmore, Mr. Oakes, curate of Astbury, Mr. Oakes, Mr. Colley; and at supper Captain Birch and Captain Mainwaring more.

post 1687, The Diary of Dr. Thomas Cartwright, Bishop of Chester; commencing at the time of his Elevation to that See, August M.DC.LXXXVI.; and terminating with the Visitation of St. Mary Magdalene College, Oxford, October M.DC.LXXXVII. Now first printed from the original MS. in the Possession of the Rev. Joseph Hunter, F.S.A., London, 1843, page 28

… Keyes plaintant, Hill et uxor, defendants. Anno 22 Eliz.

1616, Reports, or Causes in Chancery, collected by Sir George Cary, one of the Masters of the Chancery, Anno 1601. Out of the Labours of Mr. William Lambert. Reprinted from the Edition of 1820, London, 1872, page 129

Coordinate term: et conjunx

(law) "And the wife" or "and his wife"; often used in the context of a legal document to include a man's wife in whichever obligation, ownership, etc. the document indicates.


chummy

What happens when the Old Bill turns up and want to look at 'chummies^([sic]) dental records, guv, 'cos 'e's bitten a bloke's ear off in the pub'?

2002, Roy C. Lilley, Paul Lambden, The Tool Kit for Dental Risk Management, page 21:

(law enforcement slang) Nickname for a person, especially a suspect or criminal.


kirkbuzzer

(UK, archaic) A robber who preys on churches.


dirty money

Corruption is a force multiplier for the West's enemies, and yet the West continues to accept dirty money into its economies by the billion.

2018, Oliver Bullough, chapter 1, in Moneyland, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 15:

Taken together, the articles exposed a dark truth: “Dirty money” — terrorist financing, drug cartel funds, fortunes embezzled from developing nations, the profits from organized crime — flows so freely through the world’s most powerful financial institutions that it has become inextricable from the so-called legitimate economy.

2021 June 10, Mark Schoofs, “She Exposed the Truth About ‘Dirty Money’: It’s Everywhere”, in The New York Times:

(idiomatic, business, law) Money that is illegally gained, illegally transferred or illegally utilized, especially money gained through forgery, bribery, prostitution, money laundering, or theft.


PC Plod

From the policeman in Enid Blyton's Noddy books.

(British, informal, derogatory) A policeman (implying that he is dull and slow).


accessory after the fact

accessory after the fact (plural accessories after the fact)

[…] some of that atrocious wickedness in Jones, […] might perhaps be derived from the encouragement he had received from this fellow, who […] had been what the law calls an accessary^([sic]) after the fact […]

1749, Henry Fielding, chapter II, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book III:

(law) An individual who assists someone who has committed a crime so as to protect them from legal prosecution.

postkomplico

person who assists someone who has committed a crime


retorsion

retorsion (countable and uncountable, plural retorsions)

(law) An act of retaliation taken by one nation against another as a reprisal.


restorative justice

(law) Any of several forms of justice that attempt to repair the harm done to the victim, sometimes by having the offender make restitution.


misfeasance

misfeasance (countable and uncountable, plural misfeasances)

(law) An actual or alleged wrong that arises from an action; often, the wrongful use of legal authority.


ad valorem

Borrowed from Latin ad valorem (“by value”).

bor+

It would have been a most tedious if not impossible task for any American tax-payer, I care not how skillful in mathematics or conversan^([sic]) with Federal statutes or expert in custom-house rules and regulations he may have been, to have commenced on the 1st day of January, 1883, with all the lights before him, and by the most scrupulous observance of his food and raiment, investments and expenditures, specifics and ad valorems, every art and part of the cost of his daily life, up to the 1st day of January, 1884, and then told how much taxes he paid to the General Government during the year, either in separate items or aggregate amounts; and the problem would be still more embarrassing if it involved the segregation of the legitimate contributions to governmental support from those which went to the benefit of class interests through maltaxation.

1884, Congressional Record, volume 15, number 4, page 3250, column 1:


jurispendence

1776, Edward Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire


raper

"Jesus Christ!" Grimm says, profanely pushing Hightower aside as he goes on to shoot Christmas and to emasculate him, according to the custom of lynchers punishing the dark rapers of white women.

1963, Edwin M. Moseley, Pseudonyms of Christ in the Modern Novel: Motifs and Methods, page 149:

Turning round, Cleitophon finds he is standing by a painter's studio which is exhibiting a painting of the whole story of the rape of Philomela, including the tapestry she weaves telling her own story after her raper, Tereus, has cut out her tongue.

1995, Simon Goldhill, Foucault's Virginity, page 71:

(informal) A person who has raped someone; a rapist.


watchhouse

A small prison attached to a police station, usually used on a temporary basis.


copyright infringement

en-noun

copyright infringement (countable and uncountable, plural copyright infringements)

(copyright law) The unauthorized use of copyrighted material in a manner that violates one of the copyright owner's exclusive rights, such as the right to reproduce or perform the copyrighted work, or to make derivative works that build upon it.


rapporteur

/ˌɹæ.pɔːˈtɜː/

/ˌɹæ.pɔɹˈtɜɹ/

(law, politics) A person appointed by a deliberative body to investigate an issue or a situation, and report back to that body.

докладчик

a person appointed by a deliberative body to investigate an issue or a situation, and report back to that body


wooden-top

The expression may be a reference to the wooden construction of a bobby's custodian helmet.

Immediately a big wooden-top came in. He was young and blond.

1988, Derek Raymond, The Devil's Home on Leave, Ballantine Books, page 151:

It is Detective Chief Superintendent Cohn Harpur, one of the bosses, but just a wooden-top like all the rest.

1991, Bill James, The Lolita Man, W. W. Norton & Company, page 41:

(British, informal, idiomatic) A uniformed police officer.


checkoff

checkoff (countable and uncountable, plural checkoffs)

(US) The optional allocation of part of a citizen's income tax towards the presidential election campaign fund.


municipal corporation

municipal corporation (plural municipal corporations)

(law): A municipality; a governing body within a larger state formed by the enactment of a governing document.


municipal incorporation

municipal incorporation (countable and uncountable, plural municipal incorporations)

(law) The creation of a municipality by the enactment of a governing document.


external risk

external risk (countable and uncountable, plural external risks)

(insurance) Risks that are produced by a non-human source and are beyond human control. They are unexpected but happen regularly enough in a general population to be broadly predictable. Good examples of external risks are natural disasters such as earthquakes and volcanoes.


proximate cause

proximate cause (plural proximate causes)

(law) An event which, in a natural and continuous sequence, unbroken by any efficient intervening cause, produces an injury, and without which the injury would not have occurred.

adækvans

event without which an injury would not have occurred


nemine contradicente

From Latin nemine contradicente (“with nobody contradicting”).

uder

The patents of 9, 13, The 2 proclamations, the Indenture and proclamations of 16 et 18, both in the creation, makynge, grantyng, and execution, by question (nemine contradicente) found greevances.

1621, The House of Commons of the Great Britain Parliament, Commons Debates, 1621, page 279:

75. On the 11ᵗʰ of May, 1759, the Lords amend a turnpike road Bill, by inſerting a clauſe, “That no gate ſhall be erected within a mile of Enſham Ferry”. The conſideration of this amendment is reſolved, nemine contradicente, to be put off for a month.

1796, John Hatsells, Precedents of Proceedings in the House of Commons: With Observations, page 102:

It was so evident that even now he had everything to learn. He did not know there were physical laws and economic laws, quantities and reactions that all humanity voting nemine contradicente cannot vote away, and that are disobeyed only at the price of destruction.

1904, H. G. Wells, The Food of the Gods and How It Came to Earth:

Near twelve millions have been granted this year, not only nemine contradicente, but nemine quicquid dicente.

1912, Charles Stokes Carey, Letters Written by Lord Chesterfield to His Son, page 306:

Under the patronage of Titus and Jones the vote of the previous House was now read, and passed nemine contradicente for the first time.

2002, Jonathan Scott, Algernon Sidney and the Restoration Crisis, 1677–1683, page 67:

(law, archaic) With nobody contradicting; by consensus; without dissent.


hijacker

/ˈhaɪˌd͡ʒækəɹ/


en banc

From French en banc, literally "on a bench".

(law) As a group, particularly with respect to a legal decision rendered by all of the judges sitting on a court, rather than by a smaller panel of judges from that court.


non-binding

A non-binding vote on the Government's decision to scale back plans for HS2 and Northern Powerhouse Rail [...] took place in the House of Commons on December 8.

2021 December 29, “Labour demands NPR action after "rail betrayal"”, in RAIL, number 947, page 7:

(law) That does not bind the participants


good time

en-noun

good time (countable and uncountable, plural good times)

let the good times roll

a good time was had by all

Q: Did you have a good time at your friend's wedding reception? A: Yes, it was a good time for everyone.

(countable) A period of time spent doing some pleasant, enjoyable or entertaining activity.

Sex on female units is treated as a "disgusting and degrading practice," and women have lost accrued good-time and gone to solitary confinement for as little as a peck on the cheek.

1984 August 18, R. L. Richardson, “Women In Cages”, in Gay Community News, volume 12, number 6, page 7:

(uncountable) The reduction of a prisoner's sentence for good conduct while imprisoned.


law review

(law) A scholarly journal focusing on legal issues, normally published by an organization of students at a law school or through a bar association.

Joe has an excellent publication record - he has two books, a law review, and a regular magazine article under his belt.

(law) An article published in such a journal.

Students compete in various ways to be able to join the law review.

(law) The student organization responsible for publishing such a scholarly journal.


clerkship

clerkship (countable and uncountable, plural clerkships)

(law) A temporary job of assisting a judge in writing legal opinions, generally available to a beginning attorney for one to two years.


moot court

(law) In law school, an activity wherein students compete by making arguments with respect to a hypothetical case, or a case that has already been decided by an actual court.

(law) A law school organization which organizes such competitions and prepares competitors.


lethal injection

lethal injection (countable and uncountable, plural lethal injections)

Reggie Clemons has one last chance to save his life. After 19 years on death row in Missouri for the murder of two young women, he has been granted a final opportunity to persuade a judge that he should be spared execution by lethal injection.

2012 August 21, Ed Pilkington, “Death penalty on trial: should Reggie Clemons live or die?”, in The Guardian:

A means of execution or of euthanasia in which a person is injected with a fatal dose of drugs.


moral turpitude

Here we see that both Lord TENTERDEN and Lord WYNFORD apply the test of moral turpitude to crime when considering the degree of punishment that ought to be annexed to it.

1836, The Punishment of Death: A Selection of Articles from the Morning Herald:

In their efforts to achieve a satisfactory definition of moral turpitude, the courts have been faced with the problem of arriving at a definition that is restrictive enough to facilitate application to a particular fact situation and yet not so broad as to distort the statutory intent. In this context moral turpitude is generally defined as a base or vile act that violates the accepted social relationship among men. This definition, however, is not completely satisfactory, and the courts generally base their decision upon the fact situation involved in the particular case. Moreover, this procedure has not been conductive to obtaining uniformity among the various jurisdictions.

1959, David H. Kleiman, "Tax Evasion and Moral Turpitude", 49 Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science 145 at 146

In characterizing moral turpitude, courts have consistently returned to themes traditionally associated with the concept of immorality. Typically included offenses are fraud, deceit, dishonesty, misrepresentation for the purpose of financial gain, and corruption, as well as offenses involving sexual misconduct and murder. In addition, many courts require a finding of knowledge or intent. However, the rationales which courts use to reach a finding of moral turpitude vary among the jurisdictions.

1988, John T. Burnett, "Attorney Discipline under DR 1-102(A)(3): Imposing Sanctions Absent a Finding of Moral Turpitude", (1988) 13 Journal of the Legal Profession 245

In fact, one view expressed at the time was that work on the farm was free from the moral turpitude of city sweatshops and that farm labor taught children valuable lessons and skills.

1998, Charles Jeszeck, Child Labor in Agriculture:

When Mr. Marsden, the mill's overseer, tells the superintendent of the factory that Lyddie did not have moral turpitude. (Book set in the 1800's during the time of the mills and Industrial Revolution)

(law) Any base or vile conduct, contrary to accepted morals, that sometimes accompanies a crime


learned treatise

learned treatise (plural learned treatises)

(law) A text that is sufficiently well received in its field that it may overcome a hearsay objection and be admitted into evidence in a court of law.


sublicensee

(law) A person to whom a sublicense is granted.


sublicensor

(law) A licensee that grants a sublicense to another.


licensor

(law) A party that grants a license to another.

լիցենզատու

a party that grants a license to another


sublicense

Joe received a license from McDonald's to develop twenty McDonald's restaurants in Dearborn, which included permission to grant a sublicense to the individual restaurant managers.

(law) A license granted by a licensee to a third party, under the authority of the license originally granted by a licensor to the licensee.


sublicense

en-verb

sublicense (third-person singular simple present sublicenses, present participle sublicensing, simple past and past participle sublicensed)

sublicenses (present singular third-person)
sublicensing (participle present)
sublicensed (participle past)
sublicensed (past)


gaffle

From Middle English gaffolle, a borrowing from Middle Dutch gaffel, gafel (“fork”), ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *gabulu (“fork”), related to Old English gafol, ġeafel (“fork”).

(historical, weaponry) A portable fork of iron or wood in which the heavy musket formerly in use was rested that it might be accurately aimed and fired.


gaffle

gaffle (third-person singular simple present gaffles, present participle gaffling, simple past and past participle gaffled)

gaffles (present singular third-person)
gaffling (participle present)
gaffled (participle past)
gaffled (past)

In other words , you know the trouble around here — and this is pertinent , too — that there have been too many committees in which the minority has allowed itself to be gaffled into submission and silence.

1958, René Albert Wormser, Foundations, Their Power and Influence, page 363:

They then stole a maroon Oldsmobile Delta Eighty-Eight from a parking lot on Harvard Avenue and resumed their search for a victim to “gaffle."

1994, North eastern reporter. second series - Volume 623, page 76:

SHEILA: I'm late — 'cause I just got gaffled G ROC (Overlapping): Got gaffled?! Whatchu mean you got gaffled?!

2004, Harry Justin Elam, Robert Alexander, The Fire this Time: African-American Plays for the 21st Century, page 410:

Boo savored the sweetness of strength and gaffled his peers for their lunch money.

2008, Jeffery Renard Allen, Holding Pattern: Stories, page 226:

I thought back to the last time I'd seen my first and only boyfriend, recalling his smile as he'd gone off to do battle for me, saving me from getting gaffled.

2012, Kresley Cole, Poison Princess, page 149:

There really are no paying customers with any sense of good, orderly direction going to any perceivable destination with purpose, except to sponge off of others or to gaffle intending drug buyers.

2015, Douglas Meriwether, The Dao of Doug 2: the Art of Driving a Bus, page 154:

So I commenced to yell, And old man Pease he hugged his knees and gaffled to his pail.

1916, Holman Day, Up in Maine: Stories of Yankee Life Told in Verse, page 189:

The honey birds gaffle – I'm coming to you soon, I'm coming to you as they leave , and one insect starts to call, and will call all night, with the exact monotonous cheep-cheep of young English house-sparrows in June.

Leaving that to the rappers, it's their business But to be down or not to be down Is still debatable for plausible reasons For one seldom knows the directions others are traveling in Or if one-time wants to do some gaffling

2011, Hakim Askia, Compelling Thoughts, page 125:

To talk without a purpose, usually about inane or pointless topics; to babble.


skimming

en-noun

skimming (countable and uncountable, plural skimmings)

(crime) The act of fraudulently copying a magnetic stripe from a magnetic stripe card, such as found on credit cards and bank cards, through the use of a skimmer


genericide

Of course, the irony is that genericide occurs at the very moment a product manager's dream comes true and the product brand becomes synonymous with the product itself.

2007, Paul Goldstein, Intellectual Property: The Tough New Realities That Could Make or Break Your Business, Penguin, →ISBN:

A legal determination of genericide is an instantaneous elimination of the associations between mark and product built up in the minds of consumers.

2008, Graeme B. Dinwoodie, Mark D. Janis, editors, Trademark Law and Theory: A Handbook of Contemporary Research, Edward Elgar Publishing, →ISBN, page 87:

Imagine the glee in Microsoft headquarters if Google lost its trademark protection to genericide. If “google” becomes synonymous with conducting an Internet search, then Microsoft could legally and confusingly advertise by saying: “Use Bing for all of your most complicated googling!”

2009 July 18, Noam Cohen, “The Power of the Brand as Verb”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Because a claim of genericide must relate to a particular type of good or service and because verb use does not necessarily constitute generic use, the district court did not err when it refused to frame its inquiry as whether the relevant public primarily uses the word “google” as a verb.

Escalator, cellophane, and laundromat have all lost their trademark status to genericide.

2019 June 25, Whitson Gordon, “How a Brand Name Becomes Generic”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(trademark law) The process by which trademark rights are diminished or lost as a result of common use in the marketplace.

(uncommon) The act or process of letting a trademark term become so common that the trademark is indefensible.


in pari materia

canon of construction
canon of construction

(law) A canon of construction holding that the meaning of an ambiguous law can be determined in light of other statutes on the same subject matter.


share dilution

share dilution (countable and uncountable, plural share dilutions)

(finance) The loss in value of the shares of a company or a lowering of someone’s stake in it resulting from the issuance of new shares.

osakepääoman liudentuminen

loss of stock value or shares due to new issues


tax clinic

(US) A volunteer organization where income tax returns are prepared for qualifying low income tax payers.


income tax return

income tax return (plural income tax returns)

An official document that income tax payers are required to complete to state income amounts, deductions, contributions and related financial information for tax purposes.


unconstitutionality

unconstitutionality (countable and uncountable, plural unconstitutionalities)

Coordinate term: anticonstitutionality

I have heard again and again, remonstrances have been addressed to me more than once, because of the condemnation which Democratic speakers so continually utter about the unnationality as well as the unconstitutionality of the Republican party.

1858, Jefferson Davis, quoting Caleb Cushing, The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton and Company, published 1881, page 551:

(law) The status of being unconstitutional, or of not being in accord with the provisions of a constitution.


agreement in principle

agreement in principle (plural agreements in principle)

(law) A legally enforceable, but incompletely specified, agreement between parties that identifies the fundamental terms that are intended to be or are agreed upon.


constitutionality

constitutionality (usually uncountable, plural constitutionalities)

(law) The status of being constitutional; of being in accord with the provisions of the appropriate constitution.


get life

en-verb

get life (third-person singular simple present gets life, present participle getting life, simple past got life, past participle (UK) got life or (US) gotten life)

gets life (present singular third-person)
getting life (participle present)
got life (past)
got life (UK participle past)
gotten life (US participle past)

(law, informal, idiomatic) To receive a life sentence.


domiciliary

From French domiciliaire, from Medieval Latin domiciliārius, from Latin domicilium (“dwelling”).

Joe travels all over the country, but he is a domiciliary of New York.

(law): A person who legally resides in a particular place.


life sentence

(law) A sentence of imprisonment for the remainder of the defendant's life.

سَجْن مَدَى اَلْحَيَاة

sentence of imprisonment for the rest of the defendant's life


death sentence

Tyrion’s tears contain the symbolic weight of his whole life; he wouldn’t be here if not for Jaime, as he admits, and his last hope is to give the man who risked everything to help him survive the same chance. Tyrion knows it’s a death sentence from Daenerys to betray her in this way, but he no longer cares.

2019 May 12, Alex McLevy, “Westeros faces a disastrous final battle on the penultimate Game of Thrones (newbies)”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 2019-05-15:

Comrades, here and now I pronounce the death sentence upon Snowball.

1943 November – 1944 February (date written; published 1945 August 17), George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Animal Farm […], London: Secker & Warburg, published May 1962, →OCLC:

(law) A decree that someone be put to death as a punishment for a crime; a sentence of execution.

ପ୍ରାଣଦଣ୍ଡାଜ୍ଞା

prāṇadaṇḍājñā


OP

en-noun

OP (countable and uncountable, plural OPs)

(military, law enforcement) Initialism of observation post.


free energy

Helmholtz free energy
Helmholtz free energy

absolute temperature
absolute temperature

(physical chemistry) The energy available in a particular chemical system to do useful work. In more detail:

Helmholtz free energy, A: the internal energy of a system minus the product of its entropy and absolute temperature.

Gibbs free energy, G: the enthalpy of a system minus the product of its entropy and absolute temperature.


determinative

en-adj

determinative (comparative more determinative, superlative most determinative)

more determinative (comparative)
most determinative (superlative)

Coordinate term: dispositive

When assigning custody, the preference of the child will be considered, but it is not determinative.

This proceeding, though not presenting questions difficult of determination, or points of law that are novel, is unusual in many of its features, and is important as determinative of the disposition and welfare of a number of little children, ignorant of the contest that is being carried on in regard to them.

1905 January 21, Ch. Kent, opinion, New York Foundling Hospital v. Gatti, Arizona [Territorial] Supreme Court, as reported in, 1907, The Lawyers Reports Annotated, new series, volume 7, page 313 http://books.google.com/books?id=N6m2AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA313&dq=determinative

It is therefore clear that, even in adoption cases where it might play a more important role, race is not a determinative factor and its importance will depend greatly on the facts.

2001, Michel Bastarache, “Van de Perre v. Edwards”, in CanLii:

An entity does not automatically conclude that any observed transaction price is determinative of fair value.

2009 July, International Accounting Standards Board, Financial Instruments, →ISBN, page 617:

(law) Sufficient to decide something (such as a question of fact or of law).


mistrial

“We move for a mistrial based on the testimony this morning,” Blanche said. “There’s no way to unring that bell, in our view.”

2024 May 7, Victoria Bekiempis, quoting Todd Blanche, “Trump hush-money trial: Stormy Daniels describes being ‘startled’ by sexual encounter”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(law) A trial that has been declared invalid because of an error in procedure, or because of hung jury.


engendered reliance

(law) A situation in which an institution has encouraged its customers to become reliant on their services, and is therefore legally obligated to continue to provide those services.


cognizable

cognizable (comparative more cognizable, superlative most cognizable)

more cognizable (comparative)
most cognizable (superlative)

But there are many cases involving the question of federal power which are not cognizable before the federal courts; and, of course, as to these, we must look out for some other umpire.

1840, Abel Upshur, A Brief Enquiry into the Nature and Character of our Federal Government, Campbell, page 64:

(law) Within the jurisdiction of a particular court.


not guilty

If you do not plead, a plea of not guilty will be entered for you.

(law) A formal plea by a defendant of not being culpable for the crime with which the defendant is charged.

My heart beats through five not guilties. Six, seven, nine, eleven. Seventeen not guilties. The prosecutor's lips curl.

2003, D.B.C. Pierre, Vernon God Little, →ISBN, page 238:

(law) A verdict or formal finding by the legal system that a defendant is not culpable for the crime with which the defendant was charged.


not guilty

syytön

legally innocent of a crime of which one has been accused in a court of law

He was found not guilty because there was a reasonable doubt.

(law) Of a person, legally innocent of a crime which they have been accused of in a court of law.


copyrightable

The four criteria that Congress, courts, and theorists have traditionally employed to distinguish the copyrightable from the uncopyrightable are: […]

1984, MJ Touponse, “Application of Copyright Law to Computer Operating System Programs: Apple Computer, Inc. v. Franklin”, in Connecticut Law Review, page 665:

(copyright law) Able to be protected by copyright law.


crusher

From crush + -er (agent noun suffix), or, for one who elicits a crush, + -er (patient suffix).

Anything about the police sets them a talking at once. […] 'The blessed crushers are everywhere,' shouted one. 'I wish I'd been there to have had a shy at the eslops,' said another. And then a man sung out: 'O, don't I like the Bobbys?'

1851, Henry Mayhew, “The Literature of Costermongers”, in London Labour and the London Poor, volume 1, page 25:

Back in the lobby he bought a copy of Time but didn't like the way the plain-clothes crushers looked at him, and left.

1977, John Le Carré, The Honourable Schoolboy, Folio Society, published 2010, page 110:


bricking

(law) A type of return fraud in which a working electronic item is purchased, then deliberately damaged or stripped of valuable components in order to render it unusable, and then returned to the merchant for a refund as a profit.


consensual

consensual (comparative more consensual, superlative most consensual)

more consensual (comparative)
most consensual (superlative)

a consensual contract

(law) Existing, or made, by the mutual consent of two or more parties.


parade of horribles

en-noun

parade of horribles (plural parades of horribles)

The Chief Justice was adamant, if alone:
 'Nothing in the language or gloss previously placed on this provision of the Fifth Amendment remotely justifies the treatment which the Court today accords to the collateral-estoppel doctrine. Nothing in the purpose of the authors of the Constitution commands or even justifies what the Court decides today; this is truly a case of expanding a sound basic principle beyond the bounds — or needs — of its rational and legitimate objectives to preclude harassment of the accused.'
His position rested on the proposition that a second prosecution was barred only if it was for the same offense and here the victims were different and, therefore, the offenses were different. After a parade of horribles, the Chief Justice concluded:
 'What the Court is holding is, in effect that the second and third and fourth criminal acts are "free", unless the accused is tried for the multiple crimes in a single trial — something defendants frantically use every legal device to avoid, and often succeed in avoiding. This is the reality of what the Court holds today; it does not make good sense and it cannot make good law.' .

1970, Philip B. Kurland, “Enter the Burger Court: The Constitutional Business of the Supreme Court”, in The Supreme Court Review, Vol. 1970, pages 48–49:

To buttress his argument, the petitioner, with the support of amicus, points to grave risks that may be generated by research endeavors such as respondents. The briefs present a gruesome parade of horribles. Scientists, among them Nobel laureates, are quoted suggesting that genetic research may pose a serious threat to the human race, or, at the very least, that the dangers are far too substantial to permit such research to proceed apace at this time. We are told that genetic research and related technological developments may spread pollution and disease, that it may result in a loss of genetic diversity, and that its practice may tend to depreciate the value of human life. These arguments are forcefully, even passionately, presented; they remind us that, at times, human ingenuity seems unable to control fully the forces it creates — that, with Hamlet, it is sometimes better 'to bear those ills we have than fly to others that we know not of.'
It is argued that this Court should weigh these potential hazards in considering whether respondent's invention is patentable subject matter under §101. We disagree. The grant or denial of patents on micro-organisms is not likely to put an end to genetic research or to its attendant risks. The large amount of research that has already occurred when no researcher had sure knowledge that patent protection would be available suggests that legislative or judicial fiat as to patentability will not deter the scientific mind from probing into the unknown any more than Canute could command the tides. Whether respondent's claims are patentable may determine whether research efforts are accelerated by the hope of reward or slowed by want of incentives, but that is all.

1980, Warren E. Burger, “Diamond v. Chakrabarty, 447 U.S. 303 (1980)”, in Justia U.S. Supreme Court Center: Diamond v. Chakrabarty, 447 U.S. 303 (1980), page 316:

The majority trotted out a parade of horribles in which judicial line-drawing concerning accommodation would displace legitimate democratic choices.

1992, Geoffrey R. Stone, Richard Allen Epstein, Cass R. Sunstein, The Bill of Rights in the Modern State, page 356:

(law, informal) Any rhetorical device presenting a series of terrible results that notionally might follow from an act, instead of confining the argument to the explicit terms of any applicable law.


subtenancy

subtenancy (countable and uncountable, plural subtenancies)


carding

carding (countable and uncountable, plural cardings)

(countable) A piece of wool rolled by a carding machine.

(uncountable) The fraudulent trafficking of credit card details.

(Canada, law enforcement) A police practice where an officer stops, questions, and documents information from a person to gather intelligence, when no crime or suspicion of crime has been committed.


underhanded

en-adj

underhanded (comparative more underhanded, superlative most underhanded)

more underhanded (comparative)
most underhanded (superlative)

His underhanded trick backfired and he was disqualified.

They were actually underhanded threats to call off the lawsuit and then all insurance agents in the hospital district would get a dividend for the premiums paid.

2007, Dewey Anderson, When Satan Came to Moose Lake, →ISBN, page 118:

Was the federal government being underhanded and hypocritical in officially praising the merits of federalism, but in missing no opportunity to promote Canadian nationalism?

2009, Alain-G. Gagnon, Contemporary Canadian Federalism, →ISBN:

The pap phoned and we told him that Kirschner probably peddled them himself and now was accusing you of acting underhanded so he did not have out to pay out any more dough.

2010, Al Walentis, Polly Kahl, The Secret World of Jon and Kate, →ISBN, page 152:

There were underhanded ploys that were effective but were deplored by the hospital administration.

2014, Carl Douglass, The Long Climb, →ISBN:


boscage

en-noun

boscage (countable and uncountable, plural boscages)

From the Middle English boskage, from the Old French boscage, from Vulgar Latin *boscāticum, from Late Latin boscus, from Frankish *busk (compare Middle Dutch busch), from Proto-Germanic *buskaz (“forest, woods”).

der

(law) Mast-nuts of forest trees, used as food for pigs, or any such sustenance as wood and trees yield to cattle.


pursuivant

From Middle English pursevant et al., from Old French pursuivant, present participle of pursuivre (“to follow”). Doublet of pursuant.

(law enforcement, by extension) A warrant officer.


conservancy

en-noun

conservancy (countable and uncountable, plural conservancies)

From conservant + -cy or conserve + -ancy.

1986 April 16, “Midland Insurance was placed in conservancy.”, in Los Angeles Times:

(US, law) A state in which a company is allowed to continue trading without incurring any new financial liabilities or disposing of any assets.


constructionism

constructionism (countable and uncountable, plural constructionisms)

(law) A strict interpretation of the actual words and phrases used in law, rather than any underlying intent.


canon law

canon law (countable and uncountable, plural canon laws)

The canon law on this matter conflicts with several other canon laws.


testable

en-adj

testable (comparative more testable, superlative most testable)

more testable (comparative)
most testable (superlative)

(law) Capable of being devised, or given by will.


corespondent

It was simply a certified copy of the decree in the divorce case of a prominent society woman, Mrs. Percy Schermerman, who had named as corespondent a still more prominent woman, Mrs. Willoughby Worthington. The evidence had been sealed, and the yellower papers had toiled in vain to find out just who the prominent corespondent was.

1913 June 7, Rupert Hughes, “Memling Must Have an Alibi”, in The Popular Magazine, volume 28, number 6, page 160:

(law) One of two or more persons against whom a lawsuit is made; but especially a person charged with committing adultery with the defendant in a divorce proceeding.


sumptuary tax

The author seems favourable to a tax on dress, when, exceeding the limits of necessity and decency, it luxuriates in finery and ornament. A tax which should fall only on the superfluous embellishments, and costliness, of apparel would be a sumptuary tax, and might form a new source of supply to the necessities of the state, if an easy, simple, and economical mode of raising it could be devised. We have taxes on hats, and on hair-powder; and might not a salutary tax be levied on jewels and lace, and various other exterior decorations

1810, “[review of] What is the Influence of the different Species of Taxation on the Morality, the Activity, and the Industry of Nations? By M. de Monthion, formerly Counsellor of State. Paris”, in The Critical Review:

Although the influence of a very patriotic sumptuary tax has diminished the number of dogs, we have still “ thousands too many.”

1812, Thomas Tusser, Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry, page 125:

I do not consider that the Carriage Tax is a tax intended to pay for the upkeep of the roads at all; I do not think that ever entered into the idea of it. I think it was a purely sumptuary tax intended to hit a luxury. / 14905. Like the Window Tax, which was also aimed at a supposed luxury ? / —Yes.

1906, “[testimony of] Sir Henry William Primrose, 8 Feb. 1906”, in Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command:

A sumptuary tax is a tax whose effects are desired on moral or ethical grounds. It is levied on certain products or services the consumption of which is discouraged. Example of sumptuary taxes are those imposed on the production, sale, or consumption of tobacco products, alcoholic drinks, playing cards, billiard tables, cabaret admissions, and many others. A tax for regulatory purposes should be distinguished from sumptuary tax.

1982, Florentino G. Ayson, C. O. Resurreccion, The fundamentals of agrarian reform, page 173:

(economics, taxation) A government levy on goods considered to be socially undesirable goods or nonessential luxuries, most commonly alcohol and tobacco.


warrant of attorney

en-noun

warrant of attorney (plural warrants of attorney)

(US, law) A document in which someone admits liability for a debt and allows an attorney to admit this in court so that no action will be taken.


criminally

en-adv

criminally (comparative more criminally, superlative most criminally)

more criminally (comparative)
most criminally (superlative)

The move will transfer the facility’s more than 200 prisoners, including 50 deemed criminally insane, from a fortresslike building with bars on the windows and cement walls and ceilings into a unit of Manhattan Psychiatric Center, a civilian hospital close by on Wards Island.

2019 December 13, Annie Correal, “Why Workers Fear Moving 50 Criminally Insane Patients”, in The New York Times:


tip wage credit

en-noun

tip wage credit (countable and uncountable, plural tip wage credits)

(US labour law, singular only, the tip wage credit) A law that allows an employer to count tips received by an employee toward the latter's minimum wage.

US labour law; the tip wage credit; US labour law; the tip wage credit


extraterritoriality

extraterritoriality (usually uncountable, plural extraterritorialities)

/ˌɛk.stɹəˌtɛ.ɹɪˌtɔː.ɹɪˈæl.ɪ.ti/

Although both home country and host country extraterritoriality involve the extension of national law over foreign corporations, the two differ sharply in the nature of application.

1993, Phillip I. Blumberg, The Multinational Challenge to Corporation Law: The Search for a New Corporate Personality, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 187:

(law, uncountable) Immunity from the local laws of a certain area, especially due to diplomatic negotiation.

治外法權

immunity from the local laws of a certain area


cosigner

(law) A person who accepts joint responsibility for the debt of another

fiador

person who accepts joint responsibility for a debt


bailsman

(law) A person who provides bail for another; bail bondsman


criminality

criminality (countable and uncountable, plural criminalities)

From French criminalité, from Latin criminalitas, from Latin criminalis. See criminal.

(uncountable) The state of being criminal.

rampant criminality

The memorandum of understanding between the Rail Accident Investigation Branch, the Office of Rail and Road and the police states: "In the absence of a clear indication that serious criminality has caused the accident, RAIB will normally have precedence in respect of the investigation and will assume lead responsibility for the investigation."

2020 December 2, Philip Haigh, “A winter of discontent caused by threat of union action”, in Rail, page 63:

The storm-centre of a combined newspaper attack lasting for months, Daylight's character had been torn to shreds. There was no fact in his history that had not been distorted into a criminality or a vice. This public making of him over into an iniquitous monster had pretty well crushed any lingering hope he had of getting acquainted with Dede Mason.

1910 October, Jack London, chapter VIII, in Burning Daylight, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, part II, pages 181–182:


power of attorney

power of attorney (countable and uncountable, plural powers of attorney)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-power of attorney.wav

From attorney (“any personal representative”). Attorney now rarely has that sense outside of fixed expressions like this one.

He confirmed that he had power of attorney.

(uncountable, law) The legal authorisation of one person to act as the agent of another.

Here you can apply for a power of attorney.

(countable, law) A legal document allowing one person to act as the agent of another.


embracery

embracery (countable and uncountable, plural embraceries)

(law) An attempt to bribe or illegally influence a jury or a member of a jury to one side or the other.


FSB

From Russian ФСБ (FSB), initialism of Федеральная Служба Безопасности (Federalʹnaja Služba Bezopasnosti, “Federal Security Service”).

Possible victims included Roman Tsepov, Putin’s bodyguard in 1990s St Petersburg, who died after drinking tea in 2004 at a local FSB office.

2020 August 20, Luke Harding, “Alexei Navalny and the long history of poisoned Kremlin critics”, in The Guardian:

(initialism, Russia, politics, espionage, law enforcement) The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation.


testacy

(law) The condition of being testate, of having left a valid will at one's death.


court of cassation

court of cassation (plural courts of cassation)

Calque of French cour de cassation, from cour (“court”) + de (“of”) + cassation, from the verb casser (“to break”), indicating the power of such a court to quash the ruling of the court below.

(law) In many legal systems, the highest-level court of appeal in procedural matters, which is asked to squash a verdict but then refers the case back for a new court case at the previous level.


misdescriptiveness

(law) In United States trademark law, the characteristic of a trademark being misdescriptive.


unregistrable

(law) In United States trademark law, incapable of receiving trademark registration.


unregistrability

(law) In United States trademark law, the characteristic of a trademark being unregistrable.


genericness

(law) In United States trademark law, the characteristic of a trademark being generic, and therefore unregistrable.


misdescriptive

en-adj

misdescriptive (comparative more misdescriptive, superlative most misdescriptive)

more misdescriptive (comparative)
most misdescriptive (superlative)

"Superhealth Yogurt" would be a misdescriptive trademark for a yogurt that was very high in fat.

(law) In United States trademark law, tending to mislead consumers about the qualities of the product represented by the mark.


registrable

From register + -able (“able, capable”).

(law) In United States trademark law, capable of receiving trademark registration.


attractive nuisance

en-noun

attractive nuisance (plural attractive nuisances)

(law) In the legal area of torts, a hazardous object or condition that is likely to attract children who are unable to appreciate the risk posed by the object or condition, and to whom the landowner can therefore be held liable for injuries.


tooler

Pickpockets took to housebreaking and housebreakers joined gangs of street thieves; cracksmen's mistresses were often toolers and shoplifters.

1970, Kellow Chesney, The Anti-society: An Account of the Victorian Underworld, page 168:

A tooler was the most elite of the pickpockets, a planner and plotter, a boy with brains, daring and courage. At any one time Ikey hoped for four toolers in the making and two fully blown and working at the top of their trade.

2010, Bryce Courtenay, The Potato Factory, volume 1, page 103:


forestage

(UK, law, historical) A duty or tribute payable to the king's foresters.

(UK, law, historical) A service paid by foresters to the king.


traitorous

en-adj

traitorous (comparative more traitorous, superlative most traitorous)

more traitorous (comparative)
most traitorous (superlative)

/ˈtɹeɪtəɹəs/

From Middle English trayterous, traytrous, (also Middle English traytours, treytours), from Anglo-Norman traiterous, traitourous and Old French traitros.

(law) Constituting treason; treasonable or seditious.

στασιαστικός

law: constituting treason; treasonable or seditious


lay a venue

en-verb

lay a venue (third-person singular simple present lays a venue, present participle laying a venue, simple past and past participle laid a venue)

lays a venue (present singular third-person)
laying a venue (participle present)
laid a venue (participle past)
laid a venue (past)


annexure

en-noun

annexure (countable and uncountable, plural annexures)

This aspect of the publication appears in one of the annexures at the end of the lectures.

1989, Nagendra Singh, The Role and Record of the International Court of Justice, page xiv:

In addition a comprehensive set of annexures had to be submitted with each application that included the following […]

2001, Case Studies on the Allocation of Transferable Quota Rights in Fisheries, number 411, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations:

The reports of the seminars and their recommendations are included in the annexures of the book. The population data and other relevant information are also given in the annexures.

2006, Braja Bihārī Kumāra, Illegal Migration from Bangladesh, page xvii:

An affidavit may refer to and identify documents and other things which are part of the evidence-in-chief of a witness. These are referred to variously as annexures or exhibits. A neutral term used here for annexures and exhibits is 'attachment'.

2013, John Levingston, The Law of Affidavits, page 99:

(especially India and UK law, otherwise dated) An appendix or attachment to a document.


England and Wales

(UK, law) The jurisdiction covering England and Wales, two constituent countries of the United Kingdom, which share a single legal system and are treated as a single country for various purposes.


tax collector

After the assessment has been made, the file passes to the tax collector.

One who has the responsibility for collecting taxes.

հարկահավաք

one who has the responsibility for collecting taxes


appellate jurisdiction

(US, law) The power of a court to review and potentially modify the decisions made by another court or tribunal.


personalty

personalty (countable and uncountable, plural personalties)

(law) Any property that is movable; that is, not real estate.

(law) The property that goes to the executor or administrator of the deceased, as distinguished from the realty, which goes to the heirs.


ethnocide

The deliberate and systematic destruction of an ethnic group, accomplished either by destroying the members of the group (genocide) or by destroying its cultural identity (culturicide).


presentment

presentment (countable and uncountable, plural presentments)

From Anglo-Norman presentment, presentement, Middle French presentement, corresponding to present + -ment.

In 1771, a grand jury presentment in Georgia revealed that "Slaves are permitted to rent houses …."

1993, Peter Kolchin, American Slavery, Penguin History, paperback edition, page 62

(law) A statement made on oath by a jury.

the presentment of a nuisance, a libel, etc.

(law) The notice taken by a grand jury of any offence from their own knowledge or observation, without any bill of indictment laid before them.


Bluebeard

Calque of French Barbe-Bleue (literally “blue beard”).

calque

A famous fairy tale written by Charles Perrault in 1697 about a violent nobleman who has the habit of murdering his wives and the attempts of his current wife to avoid the same fate.


material support

(US, law) (in the context of support for terrorism) Any property, or service, including currency or monetary instruments or financial securities, financial services, lodging, training, expert advice or assistance, safe houses, false documentation or identification, communications equipment, facilities, weapons, lethal substances, explosives, personnel, and transportation, except medicine or religious materials


statute law

säädösoikeus

complete corpus of legislatively-enacted laws

(law, countable) A law enacted by a legislative body, as opposed to a regulation made by the executive branch or case law made by court precedent.

(law, uncountable) The completecorpus of laws enacted by legislation and currently in effect within a jurisdiction, as opposed to regulations or case law.

statutory law

the complete corpus of laws enacted by legislation and current in effect within a jurisdiction


renvoi

en-noun

renvoi (countable and uncountable, plural renvois)

As has been shown, the renvoi, if logically carried out, involves a perpetual deadlock. But both England and America try the validity of a will of personalty by the law of the testator's last domicil.

1908, Edwin Hale Abbot, Is the Renvoi a Part of the Common Law?, page 8:

The application of renvoi in matters of personal status, family relationships and succession involves mainly conflicts between the national law and the law of the domicile, but it may also comprise a renvoi from the personal law to the lex rei sitae, notably in matters of matrimonial property and succession. This may result in a partial renvoi, e.e. when immovables forming part of a succession are situated outside the country, the law of which governs the succession as the personal law.

1991, K. Zweigert, K. Drobnig, International Encyclopedia of Comparative Law, →ISBN, page 22:

However, it could be alternatively argued that there is a general principle at common law that renvoi does not apply in relation to what are termed “obligations” for the purposes of private international law.

2000, George Panagopoulos, Restitution in Private International Law, page 106:

(law) A situation in which a court, tasked with deciding which state's law should apply to a case, decides to apply the law of the forum, based on the determination that a court from another involved state would also apply the law of the forum.


defeasible

en-adj

defeasible (comparative more defeasible, superlative most defeasible)

more defeasible (comparative)
most defeasible (superlative)

Back-formation from defeasance + -ible, from Anglo-Norman defesaunce, Old French desfaisance, a deverbal noun from desfaire (“to undo”) (Modern French défaire), from des- (“un-, apart”) + fere, faire (“to do”) + -able, reflecting Latin dis- + facere + -ābilis. Near-doublet of defeatable.

The accounting charge for the non-callable debt is defeasible by an escrow.

(law, logic) Capable of being defeated, terminated, annulled, voided or invalidated.

breekbaar

capable of being defeated, invalidated, …


billa vera

From the Latin, literally "the bill is true".

(law) Signifying that a presenter has furnished probable evidence, and is worthy of further consideration, presented to a party to indict them of the crime, and legally must confess or follow through the indictment.


in specie

Borrowed from Latin in + specie, ablative singular form of species (“kind, form; type”).

(law, finance) In the actual form, especially in the context of a distribution of assets or a loan repayment.

"The estate of £500 a-year I have given to you, Mr Jones: and as I know the inconvenience which attends the want of ready money, I have added £1000 in specie."

1749, Henry Fielding, chapter VII, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book V:

(law, finance) In coin or monetary metal, in contrast to fiat currency or other paper.


sexual slavery

(criminology) A criminal activity that involves forced sexual acts upon a person who is usually held hostage as a slave.


human trafficking

A criminal activity in which people are recruited, harbored, transported, bought, or kidnapped to serve an exploitative purpose, such as sexual slavery, forced labor, or child soldiery.

mensehandel

criminal activity in which people are recruited, etc. to serve an exploitative purpose


criminalness

The criminalness, rebellion, transgression, the disobedience that is in sin, …

1655, John Owen, Vindiciae Evangelicae, published in The Works of John Owen, (William H. Goold, editor), page 515

There is a great deal of difference as to the criminalness of false persuasions upon this account: the same error which one person may hold very pardonably, (as being, without much fault of his own, either through weakness of parts, or prejudice from education, or want or opportunity of knowing better, unavoidably, in a manner, led into it; I say, that very same error,) may be extremely dangerous in other persons, that have better parts, [...]

1754, John Sharp, The Works of the Most Reverend Dr. John Sharp, volume III, fifth edition:

The Constitution of the United States permits the suffrage of women. . . . Under it legally constituted women—as to age, freedom from criminalness, etc.—may vote for all officers from president to township supervisor.

1896, W. S. Harwood, “Constitutional Suffrage for Women”, in North American Review, volume 162, number 474, retrieved 2010-12-05, page 632:

(rare, dated) The state or quality of being criminal.


lienee

1910, Georgia Supreme Court, Georgia Court of Appeals, West Publishing Company, North Carolina Supreme Court, South Carolina Supreme Court, West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals, The Southeastern Reporter, Volume 65, page 443,
The warrant failed to allege that the cotton was sold “without the written consent of the lienee.”

But the position is that lienees are still protected and will be under this Bill which will not apply until the harvest of 1941.

1940, Australian Parliament, Parliamentary Debates, volume 4, page 2602:

2004, Peter Gillies, Business Law, 12th Edition, The Federation Press, Australia, page 722,
The lienee has no right of sale in relation to the goods (in the absence of a provision in an express contractual lien conferring a power of sale).

The right can only be exercised where the lienee has:
(i) given notice to the bailor of his intention to sell goods; or
(ii) taken reasonable steps to trace or communicate with the bailor but failed.

2007, Robert Bradgate, Fidelma White, Commercial Law, page 329:

(law) One who has right of possession of goods but not right of property; the registered owner.


ex facie

From Latin ex facie (“out of the face”).

(law) Of contempt of court, not committed directly in court in the presence of the judge.


commissionaire

/kəˌmɪʃəˈnɛː/

/kəˌmɪʃəˈnɛɹ/

/kəˌmɪsjəˈnɛɹ/

Borrowed from French commissionaire, from Latin commissio. Doublet of commissioner.

(law) An undisclosed agent under European civil law.


pretrial

/pɹɪˈtɹaɪəl/

As a result, another pretrial review was to be held on 17 February.

(law) A preliminary trial held in advance of a court trial.

предварително производство

a preliminary trial held in advance of a court trial


seigniory

en-noun

seigniory (countable and uncountable, plural seigniories)

From Middle English seignurie, from Old French seignurie, from seignor + -ie.

(law) The lordship (authority) remaining to a grantor after the grant of an estate in fee simple.


endangerment

endangerment (countable and uncountable, plural endangerments)

(law) The exposure of someone, especially a child, to danger or harm.


read out

en-verb

read out (third-person singular simple present reads out, present participle reading out, simple past and past participle read out)

reads out (present singular third-person)
reading out (participle present)
read out (participle past)
read out (past)

Coordinate term: count out

(transitive, law) To interpret a part of a law so that it is not struck down but is rendered of no effect or applicability.


engrossment

en-noun

engrossment (countable and uncountable, plural engrossments)

/ɛnˈɡɹəʊsmənt/

(countable, law) The fact or instance of preparing the final draft legal document for execution or completion.

(countable, law, informal) Such document that has not yet been executed or completed.


aval

(finance, law) A financial guarantee by a third party to assume the burden of a debt, especially a bill of exchange in the event of default.


lock-in

vendor lock-in

(law) A situation in which members of an industry have agreed to adopt a certain standard and have retooled their production to meet this standard, thus making it very costly to change to a different standard.

inlåsning

a situation in which members of an industry


vis major

(law) A greater force; an act of God; an unavoidable accident.


paraphernal

From Medieval Latin paraphernālis, from Late Latin parapherna + Latin -ālis (suffix forming adjectives). By surface analysis, parapherna + -al.

vaimon omaan yksityiseen omaisuuteen liittyvä

(law) Of or pertaining to a woman's paraphernalia


extralegal

Extra-legal raids in Moscow and Leningrad in which 130 males were arrested in late summer 1933 were the harbinger of the recriminalization of male homosexuality later that year.

2030 October 7, Leslie Feinberg, “Can a homosexual be a member of the Communist Party?”, in Workers World:

Occurring outside the law; not governed by law; lawless.


drawlatch

A fastener consisting of a latch body mounted on one side of a door or lid, and a hook or catch mounted on the opposite side. When the latch is engaged, the hook or catch pulls the two sides tightly together, creating a secure closure.


paraphernalia

Borrowed from Medieval Latin paraphernālia (“goods which a wife brings over and above her dowry”), use as noun (short for paraphernālia bona (“paraphernal goods”)) of neuter plural of paraphernālis, from Late Latin parapherna + Latin -ālis (suffix forming adjectives), from Ancient Greek παράφερνα (parápherna), a compound of παρά (pará, “beside”) + φερνή (phernḗ, “dowry”). In the propertied classes, a dowry was placed under the control of the husband, while the paraphernalia which she brought with her remained the wife’s property.

com

So she told her what her husband had said and sat with her awhile; but, presently, up came porters, who brought all her clothes and paraphernalia and what not else belonged to her of goods and vessels from her husband’s house and deposited them in that of her mother.

1901, Unknown, “The House with the Belvedere”, in John Payne, transl., The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night, volume 5:

(archaic, family law) Things a married woman owns, such as clothing and jewellery, apart from her dowry.


prepetition

(law) Of a claim, event, or condition existing prior to a bankruptcy petition.


superintendency

en-noun

superintendency (countable and uncountable, plural superintendencies)

(uncountable) The condition of being a superintendent.


jus accrescendi

(law) The right of survivorship. This is often applied to survivorship in joint tenancy situations.


fraudulently

en-adv

fraudulently (comparative more fraudulently, superlative most fraudulently)

more fraudulently (comparative)
most fraudulently (superlative)

From Middle English fraudulently; equivalent to fraudulent + -ly.


contract killer

en-noun

contract killer (plural contract killers)

A person who contracts to kill a specified person for an agreed sum of money.


fraudulence

fraudulence (countable and uncountable, plural fraudulences)

From Old French fraudulence, from Latin fraudulentia (“deceitfulness, disposition to defraud; fraudulence”), from fraudulentus (“deceitful, fraudulent”) + -ia (suffix forming abstract nouns). Fraudulentus is derived from fraus (“deceit, fraud”) (from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrew- (“to mislead”)) + -ulentus (“abounding in, full of”).

der

I ſuppoſe ſome of my friends, to whom I read the firſt part, gave notice of my deſign, and, perhaps, ſold the treacherous intelligence at a higher price than the fraudulence of trade will now allow me for my book.

1759 May 5, Samuel Johnson, “[The Idler]”, in The Universal Chronicle, or, Weekly Gazette, number 55, [London]: [J. Payne], →OCLC; republished in The Works of Samuel Johnson, new edition, volume VII, London: Printed for T[homas] Longman et al., 1796, page 223:

We should therefore not make too much of the fraudulence of all that on-screen wailing. Just because North Korean TV never films anything before rehearsing all spontaneity out of it does not mean the average citizen was unmoved.

2012 January 7, B. R. Myers, “Dynasty, North Korean-style”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 2012-01-08:

Among other fraudulences, Enron perfected the art of “mark to market” accounting, tagging mere estimates of future profits as actual on-the-books assets.

2015, Elizabeth Hass, Terry Christensen, Peter J. Haas, Projecting Politics: Political Messages in American Films, 2nd edition, New York, N.Y., Abingdon, Oxon.: Routledge, →ISBN, page 280:

The condition of being fraudulent; deceitfulness.


foreperson

en-noun

foreperson (plural forepersons or forepeople)

forepersons (plural)
forepeople (plural)

(law) The member of a jury who presides over it and speaks on its behalf.


flatfoot

From flat + foot. Piecewise doublet of platypus.

(colloquial, archaic, derogatory, law enforcement) (plural typically flatfoots) A policeman.


gonk

(UK, crime, slang) A prostitute's client.


stamp duty

stamp duty (countable and uncountable, plural stamp duties)

stamp duty land tax
w:stamp duty land tax

(UK) Ellipsis of stamp duty land tax, a tax on land transactions in England and Northern Ireland.


QPP

QPP (countable and uncountable, plural QPPs)

Sûreté du Québec
Sûreté du Québec#English

(law enforcement, Canada, uncountable) Initialism of Quebec Provincial Police (Sûreté du Québec); the police force of the Canadian province of Quebec..


tax break

A deduction in tax that is given in order to encourage a certain economic activity or a social objective

douceur

for selling works of art to public collections


tax incentive

An inducement offered in the form of an abatement of taxes.

daňová pobídka

inducement offered in the form of tax abatement


perambulation

perambulation (countable and uncountable, plural perambulations)

From Middle English perambulacioun, from Anglo-Norman and Latin. By surface analysis, perambulate + -ation or per- + ambulation.

surf

1902, Transactions of the Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society, published by the Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society
Another forest not named in the perambulation is that of Horwich.

1929, Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, published by the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society
The earliest known reference to the stone is that in the perambulation of the parish of Puddletown recorded in the Cartulary of Christchurch Priory.

(law) An English legal ceremony in which an official from a town or parish walks around it to delineate and record its boundaries.


feebate

(economics, taxation) A tax or user charge imposed by government that charges users of socially undesirable items and applies the money to payments for users of socially desirable items.


recusation

en-noun

recusation (countable and uncountable, plural recusations)

Borrowed from Latin recusatio, recusationis. Compare French récusation.

[…]permit a man to refuse a judge, if he himself is of opinion he has any cause, without assigning what that cause is, is therefore in general very silent about what sort of consanguinity is, or is not, a good ground for recusation

1750, William Blackstone, An Essay on Collateral Consanguinity:

(law) The act of disqualifying a judge or jury in a specific case on the grounds of possible partiality or prejudice.


impugnation

impugnation (countable and uncountable, plural impugnations)