registered trademark

en-noun

registered trademark (plural registered trademarks)

A trademark that has been officially registered with the government by its owner. Indicated by the symbol ®.


caveat

Learned borrowing from Latin caveat (“may he beware of”), third-person singular present active subjunctive of caveō (“I beware of”). Doublet of show.

lbor

If I adhered to the system of caveats, which would throw it upon an individual to be cautious, and to look out lest he should not have notice, if he did not enter a caveat I would require him to specify in respect of what he entered his caveat. General caveats, I think, should not be allowed against all the world and against general inventions, for the same reasons that I would not allow a person to have a patent for a general title without specifying upon what improvements he applied for a patent.

1849 August 25, Thomas Webster, “Law of Patents.—Report of the Committee on the Signet and Privy Seal Offices. Extracts from Minutes of Evidence.”, in J[oseph] C[linton] Robertson, editor, Mechanics’ Magazine, Museum, Register, Journal, and Gazette, volume LI, number 1359, London: Robertson and Co., Mechanics' Magazine Offices, No. 166, Fleet-street, London; and No. 99B, New-Street, Birmingham, →OCLC, pages 185–186:

The necessity for caveats arise in two cases: one class of caveats is prohibitory as regards some contemplated dealing or transaction affecting the property described in the caveat; while another class of caveats arises out of adverse claims to the land itself, or to some estate or interest in the land.

1861 May 29, William Charles Belt, “Minutes of Evidence”, in Real Property Law Commission, South Australia (chairman: Chief Justice Charles Cooper), Report of the Real Property Law Commission, with Minutes of Evidence and Appendix. Ordered by the Parliament to be Prited ([Parliamentary Paper, 1861]; no. 192), Adelaide, S.A.: Printed by authority, by W. C. Cox, Government Printer, Victoria-Square, published November 1861, →OCLC, page 94:

The purpose of a caveat is to give a person who has an unregistered interest in a property the ability to protect that interest from the harshness of indefeasibility of title, which is enjoyed by a later interest which is registered, assuming there is no exception to indefeasibility available to the holder of the earlier unregistered interest. Section 74H of the Real Property Act provides that a caveat operates to prevent dealings that are subsequently lodged from obtaining registration. In the absence of a caveat precluding the later interest from becoming registered, the later interest would be registerd and upon registration would enjoy the benefit of immediate indefeasibility of title.

2005, Geoffrey Moore, “Torrens Title: Priorities between Unregistered Interests”, in David Barker, editor, Essential Real Property (Cavendish Essential Series), Coogee, N.S.W.: Cavendish Publishing (Australia), →ISBN, page 76:

(law) A formal notice of interest in land under a Torrens land-title system.

(law) A notice requesting a postponement of a court proceeding.

Einspruch

notice requesting a postponement of a court proceedings

xodátajstvo o priostanóvke sudébnovo razbirátelʹstva

хода́тайство о приостано́вке суде́бного разбира́тельства


caveat

en-verb

caveat (third-person singular simple present caveats, present participle caveating or caveatting, simple past and past participle caveated or caveatted)

caveats (present singular third-person)
caveating (participle present)
caveatting (participle present)
caveated (participle past)
caveated (past)
caveatted (participle past)
caveatted (past)

But of all the Strategems to prevent the obtaining of Licences, commend me to that of entring Caveats againſt one another's Curates; a Project of vaſt Contrivance, and worthy the renowned Head that firſt invented it. By this means, 'tis eaſy to ſee, that if there be but Confederacy enough among the Incumbents, and Corruption enough in the Officer that receives them, the whole Body of Curates may be demoliſhed at once. "Tis but changing Hands, my caveating yours, and your caveating my Curate, and then a Fig for the Canons, that require them to be licenc'd Preachers."

1722, “a clergyman of the Church of England” [pseudonym; Thomas Stackhouse], The Miseries and Great Hardships of the Inferiour Clergy, in and about London. And a Modest Plea for Their Rights, and Better Usage; in a Letter to the Right Reverend Father in God, John Lord Bishop of London, London: Printed for T[homas] Payne, at the Crown in Pater-Noster-Row, →OCLC, paragraph 3, page 175:

With the facts that may thus be brought distinctly before the public, it may soon become generally understood whether Professor [Royal Earl] House's Letter Printing telegraph (the only American telegraph patented in Great Britain and other European kingdoms as well as in the United States) is any infringement of Prof. [Samuel] Morse's patent, or of anything which Prof. Morse has a right to claim; and it will also be seen whether the telegraph system caveatted in the United States Patent office by Col. Charles B. Moss, of Virginia, under claim for a patent, (in the same way that Prof. Morse caveatted his "vital" "principle" as late as 1845–6) is or is not at least as original and effective as any telegraph that makes arbitrary signs like the dots and lines first used by [Carl August von] Steinheil and by Davey^([sic – meaning Edward Davy]) in 1837 and 1838, and afterwards combined by Prof. Morse in his first patent of 1840.

1847 October 16, “Magnetic Telegraph”, in American Railroad Journal and General Advertiser for Railroads, Canals, Steamboats, Machinery and Mines, volume III, number 42 (Second Quarto Series; volume XX, number 591 overall), Philadelphia, Pa.: Published by D. K. Minor, editor and proprietor, No. 105 Chestnut Street, →OCLC, page 659, column 2:

Hurst in right of his wife, by counsel, on the 21st June, 1855, entered his caveat against the foregoing return and vouchers, and objected. […] 3d. He caveats the charge of fifty dollars paid McIntyre & Young, for making returns, as illegal and not a proper charge against ward. 4th. He also caveats the two expenditures to McIntyre & Ward and C. B. Cole, each for $150 00, as illegal, being for professional services rendered in defending himself in a suit against for mal-administration as guardian.

1857, B. Y. Martin (reporter), “No. 7.—William H. Hendry, guardian, plaintiff in error, vs. James M. Hurst and wife, defendants in error.”, in Reports of Cases in Law and Equity, Argued and Determined in the Supreme Court of the State of Georgia, …, volume XXII, Columbus, Ga.: Times and Sentinel Steam Press, published 1858, →OCLC, page 314:

(transitive, law) To formally object to something.

It is unclear whether or not a purchaser upon exchange of contracts will be regarded as guilty of postponing conduct if failing to caveat.

2005, Geoffrey Moore, “Torrens Title: Priorities between Unregistered Interests”, in David Barker, editor, Essential Real Property (Cavendish Essential Series), Coogee, N.S.W.: Cavendish Publishing (Australia), →ISBN, page 93:

(transitive, law, specifically) To lodge a formal notice of interest in land under a Torrens land-title system.

The answer further alleged that the intestate, in right of his wife, caveated the probate in Virginia of the will of one William Hill, her relation; […]

1838 June, Judge William Gaston, “Hannah Gee v. Henry Gee and Peyton R. Tunstall”, in Thomas P. Devereux, William H[orn] Battle, editors, Reports of Cases in Equity, Argued and Determined in the Supreme Court of North Carolina. From June Term, 1838, to December Term, 1839, both Inclusive, volume II, Raleigh, N.C.: Published by Turner and Hughes; Thos. J. Lemay, printer, published 1840, →OCLC, page 108:

The defendant, father of the testator, had caveated against granting of probate on the ground that the will was not duly executed, and that deceased did not know or approve of its contents.

1913 December 6, Justice Street, “Probate Court. (Before Mr. Justice Street.) Disputed Will. Wills v. Craven.”, in The Sydney Morning Herald, page 5:

(transitive, law, dated) To issue a notice requesting that proceedings be suspended.


prescribe

prescribe (third-person singular simple present prescribes, present participle prescribing, simple past and past participle prescribed)

prescribes (present singular third-person)
prescribing (participle present)
prescribed (participle past)
prescribed (past)

Borrowed from Latin praescrībere, from prae- (“before, in front”) and scrībere (“to write”).

Most probable that one presentation and 40 years possession thereafter, is sufficient to prescribe a right of patronage.

1753, Andrew McDouall, An Institute of the Laws of Scotland in Civil Rights […] , volume 3, Table of Contents, page 86:

[…] held, in a question with a party who had acquired right from the commissioners of the forfeited estates to the estate of the forfeited superior, as it stood in his person, that the crown charter of the vassal was a valid title on which to prescribe a right to the coal […]

1834, Patrick Shaw, Digest of Cases Decided in the Courts of Session, Teinds, and Justiciary in the House of Lords, 1821–1833 […] , page 135:

Because of the juristic difficulties associated with the Donation of Constantine, the question of whether the papacy had in any case prescribed its jurisdiction in the patrimony had become a common topic amongst jurists […]

1987, Joseph Canning, The Political Thought of Baldus de Ubaldis, page 53:

(law) To develop or assert a right; to make a claim (by prescription).


bill

→ Swahili: bili

→ Thai: บิล (bin)

→ Tokelauan: pili

→ Jamaican Creole: bills

From Middle English bille, from Anglo-Norman bille, from Old French bulle, from Medieval Latin bulla (“seal", "sealed document”). Compare bull.

der

l-vocalizing: UK, General Australian, New Zealand

... the legion of bills in the suit have been transformed into mere bills of mortality ...

1852 March – 1853 September, Charles Dickens, chapter 1, in Bleak House, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1853, →OCLC:

(obsolete, law) A declaration made in writing, stating some wrong the complainant has suffered from the defendant, or a fault committed by some person against a law.

法案

law: declaration made in writing, stating some wrong the complainant has suffered from the defendant


criminologist

When he finished his stint in Brooklyn, Weisburd decided to team up with Larry Sherman, another young criminologist.

2019, Malcolm Gladwell, Talking to Strangers, page 283:

A person who is skilled in, or practices criminology.


birth certificate

en-noun

birth certificate (plural birth certificates)

[T]he pleasure of writing on wax with a stylus is exemplified by the fine, flowing hand of a Roman scribe who made out the birth certificate of Herennia Gemella, born March 128 AD.

2013 September 14, Jane Shilling, “The Golden Thread: the Story of Writing, by Ewan Clayton, review [print edition: Illuminating language]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Review), page R28:

An official document certifying the details of a an individual's birth, indicating the name, date, and parents' names, and details such as parents' occupation and religion.

geboortesertifikaat

official document certifying the details of a person's birth

出生証明書

しゅっせいしょうめいしょ


whereas

From where + as (“that”); first attested in the meaning of "where" First attested in the 14ᵗʰ century. Compare thereas.

And Whereas it hath pleased the Great Governor of the World to incline the hearts of the legislatures we respectively represent in Congress, to approve of, and to authorize us to ratify the said Articles of Confederation and perpetual Union.

1778, United States Articles of Confederation:

(chiefly law) It being the fact that; inasmuch as. (Often used to begin recitals; sometimes emboldened or emphasized as a signifier.)


knock off

en-verb

knock off (third-person singular simple present knocks off, present participle knocking off, simple past and past participle knocked off)

knocks off (present singular third-person)
knocking off (participle present)
knocked off (participle past)
knocked off (past)

→ Dutch: afnokken (calque)

In the verb sense of stopping work, said to be from the practice aboard slave galleys to have a man beat time for the rowers by knocking on a block or drum; when he stopped, the rowers could rest.

faligi

to remove by hitting, to hit (something) off

They decided to knock off a liquor store downtown.


innuendo

en-noun

innuendo (plural innuendoes or innuendos or innuendis)

innuendoes (plural)
innuendos (plural)
innuendis (plural)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-innuendo.wav

From the Latin innuendō (“by nodding”), ablative singular form of innuendum (“a nodding”), gerund of innuō (“I give a nod”).

(law) Part of a pleading in cases of libel and slander, pointing out what and who was meant by the libellous matter or description.


innuendo

en-verb

innuendo (third-person singular simple present innuendos, present participle innuendoing, simple past and past participle innuendoed)

innuendos (present singular third-person)
innuendoing (participle present)
innuendoed (participle past)
innuendoed (past)

A statement that a person's presence at a certain club may be "irksome," may be innuendoed that the person is of such bad character as not to be a fit associate with honourable men.

1894, Frank Towers Cooper, A Handbook of the Law of Defamation and Verbal Injury, page 119:

(transitive, law) To interpret (something libellous or slanderous) in terms of what was implied.


affect

affect (third-person singular simple present affects, present participle affecting, simple past and past participle affected)

affects (present singular third-person)
affecting (participle present)
affected (participle past)
affected (past)

From Middle English affecten, from Latin affectāre, from Latin affectus, the participle stem of Latin afficere (“to act upon, influence, affect, attack with disease”), from ad- + facere (“to make, do”).

der

(transitive, Scots law) To burden (property) with a fixed charge or payment, or other condition or restriction.


trademark

Sutho took a pull at his Johnny Walker and Coke and laughed that trademark laugh of his and said: `Okay. I'll pay that all right.'

1996, Jon Byrell, Lairs, Urgers and Coat-Tuggers, Sydney: Ironbark, page 294:

Riise did crash a fantastic, trademark free-kick against the bar from 25 yards but it was the Potters who increasingly posed the greater threat.

2011 October 15, Owen Phillips, “Stoke 2 - 0 Fulham”, in BBC Sport:

(informal) Distinctive, characteristic, signature.


element

From Middle English element, from Old French element, from Latin elementum (“a first principle, element, rudiment”) (see further etymology there).

element

simplest or essential part or principle of anything

One of the simplest or essential parts or principles of which anything consists, or upon which the constitution or fundamental powers of anything are based.

(law) A required aspect or component of a cause of action. A deed is regarded as a violation of law only if each element can be proved.


tap

The noun is derived from Middle English tappe (“hollow device for controlling the flow of liquid from a hole, cock, faucet, spigot; hole through which the liquid flows; the liquid which thus flows”), from Old English tæppa, from Proto-West Germanic *tappō, from Proto-Germanic *tappô (“a plug, tap; peg; tapering stick”), from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂p- (“to lose; to sacrifice”).
The verb is derived from Middle English tappen (“to obtain (liquid, chiefly liquor) from a tap; to obtain and sell (liquor)”), from Old English tæppian (“to provide (a container) with a stopper; to obtain (liquid) from a tap”), and then either:
* from Old English tæppa (see above) + -ian (suffix forming verbs); or
* from Proto-Germanic *tappōną, from *tappô (noun) (see above).
Verb sense 1.3.5 (“to turn over (a playing card or playing piece) to remind players that it has already been used in that round”) alludes to the abilities or resources of the card or piece having been drawn on to the point of temporary exhaustion: see verb sense 1.3.2.

rubinet

hollow device used to control the flow of a fluid — see also faucet

(communication, chiefly law enforcement)

A device used to listen in secretly on telephone calls or other communications.

salakuuntelulaite

telephone tap

It is true—and undisputed—that, in the weeks between the 2016 election and Trump's inauguration, several top Obama administration officials asked the National Security Agency to reveal the identity of an American citizen overheard on phone taps speaking with Russian Ambassador Sergei Kislyak—a request known as "unmasking."

2020 May 14, Fred Kaplan, “‘Obamagate’ wasn’t even a Scandal the First Time”, in Slate, New York, N.Y.: The Slate Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-05-30:

A secret interception of telephone calls or other communications using such a device; also, a recording of such a communication.

подслу́шване

secret interception of telephone calls or other communications using such a device; recording of such a communication


tap

en-verb

tap (third-person singular simple present taps, present participle tapping, simple past and past participle tapped)

taps (present singular third-person)
tapping (participle present)
tapped (participle past)
tapped (past)
tap (infinitive)

точа

to draw off (a liquid) from a container or other source; to draw off a liquid from (a container or other source)

They can’t tap the phone without a warrant.

mitchener. Why didn't you telephone? / balsquith. They tap the telephone. Every switchboard in London is in their hands, or in those of their young men.

1909, [George] Bernard Shaw, Press Cuttings: A Topical Sketch […], London: Constable and Company, →OCLC, page 3:

On 3 May the Government decided to take over the Telephone Exchange, which had been operated since the beginning of the war mainly by C.N.T. workers; it was alleged that it was badly run and that official calls were being tapped.

1938 April, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], chapter XI, in Homage to Catalonia, London: Secker & Warburg, →OCLC, pages 160–161:

"Oh, there is one thing," the Minister called after Lebel, "how did you know to tap the telephone line of Colonel Saint-Clair's private apartment?" Lebel turned in the doorway and shrugged. "I didn't," he said, "so last night I tapped all your telephones. Good day, gentlemen."

1971 August 6, Frederick Forsyth, “Anatomy of a Kill”, in The Day of the Jackal, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Viking Press, →ISBN, page 347:

Ever worry about shadowy forces tapping your phone calls and listening in on your private conversations? Well, astronomers have some good news for you: it won't be aliens with their ears (or whatever auditory sensory organs they have evolved) to the speaker getting into your business—unless they've done a lot better than we have at funding radio astronomers.

2023 May 23, “Is E.T. Eavesdropping on Our Phone Calls?”, in Scientific American, New York, N.Y.: Springer Nature America, Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-10-03:

(communication, chiefly law enforcement) To connect a listening and/or recording device to (a communication cable or device) in order to listen in secretly on telephone calls or other communications; also, to secretly listen in on and/or record (a telephone call or other communication).

подслушвам

to connect a listening and/or recording device to (a communication cable or device) in order to listen in secretly on telephone calls or other communications; to secretly listen in on and/or record (a telephone call or other communication)


reception

en-noun

reception (countable and uncountable, plural receptions)

/ɹɪˈsɛp.ʃn̩/

Borrowed from Middle French reception, from Latin recipiō(n) (“the act of receiving; reception”), from recipiō (“receive”), from re- (“back”) + capiō (“I hold”).

der

Among the numerous receptions of Roman law one event stood out, to the extent that, at least in central Europe, it almost monopolized the term.

1942 October, Ernst Levy, “Reflections on the First "Reception" of Roman Law in Germanic States”, in The American Historical Review, →JSTOR, page 20:

(law) The conscious adoption or transplantation of legal phenomena from a different culture.

vastaanotto

adoption of legal phenomena from a different culture


score

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

From Middle English score, skore, schore, from Old English scoru (“notch; tally; score”), from Old Norse skor, from Proto-Germanic *skurō (“incision; tear; rift”), which is related to *skeraną (“to cut”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“cut”). Cognate with Icelandic skora, Swedish skåra, Danish skår. Related to shear.
For the sense “twenty”: The mark on a tally made by drovers for every twenty beasts passing through a tollgate.

der

Let's pull a score!

Batman: Dangerous crowd you're stealing from.
Catwoman: Jesus. Is this how you get your kicks, hon? Sneaking up on girls in the dark?
Batman: Is that why you work in the club? It was all just a score?

2022, Matt Reeves, Peter Craig, The Batman:

(US, slang, crime) A criminal act, especially:

A criminal act, especially:
A bribe paid to a police officer.

He made a big score.

A criminal act, especially:
An illegal sale, especially of drugs.

A criminal act, especially:
A prostitute's client.


score

en-verb

score (third-person singular simple present scores, present participle scoring, simple past and past participle scored)

scores (present singular third-person)
scoring (participle present)
scored (participle past)
scored (past)
score (infinitive)

→⇒ Irish: scóráil

(transitive, intransitive) To obtain something desired.

(US, crime, slang, of a police officer) To extract a bribe.

To obtain something desired.
To extract a bribe.


grease

grease (third-person singular simple present greases, present participle greasing, simple past and past participle greased)

greases (present singular third-person)
greasing (participle present)
greased (participle past)
greased (past)

From Middle English grece, from Anglo-Norman grece, from Vulgar Latin *grassia, noun derived from Latin crassus (“fat, thick”).

the greas'd advocate that grinds the poor

1693, Decimus Junius Juvenalis, John Dryden, transl., “[The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis.] The Third Satyr”, in The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis. Translated into English Verse. […] Together with the Satires of Aulus Persius Flaccus. […], London: Printed for Jacob Tonson […], →OCLC:

Then you remember we greased him to the tune of five hundred.

2008, Byron Archibald Dunn, With Lyon in Missouri:

His employee status didn't entitle him to one, but Magdy on reception would slip him a key if Sabr greased him with a fifty.

2009, Dan Richardson, GOG - an End Time Mystery:


lawyer

From Middle English lawier, lawyer, lawer, equivalent to law + -yer.

A professional person with a graduate law degree that qualifies for legal work (such as Juris Doctor)


purge

purge (third-person singular simple present purges, present participle purging, simple past and past participle purged)

purges (present singular third-person)
purging (participle present)
purged (participle past)
purged (past)

From Middle English purgen, from Old French purgier, from Latin pūrgō (“I make pure, I cleanse”), from pūrus (“clean, pure”) + agō (“I make, I do”).

(transitive, law) To clear of a charge, suspicion, or imputation.

оневинявам

to clear of a charge, suspicion, or imputation


process

→ Japanese: プロセス (purosesu)

From Middle English proces, from Old French procés (“journey”), from Latin prōcessus (“course, progression”), nominalization of prōcēdō (“proceed, advance”).

But if either at Calling by the Clerk, after the Session Bell, or before the Ordinary by the Roll, an Advocat compears, and craves to be Marked for the Defender, and to see the Process; The Clerk in the first Case, and the Judge in the second, will allow him to see it

1711, John Spotiswood, The Form of Process, section 39:

(law) Documents issued by a court in the course of a lawsuit or action at law, such as a summons, mandate, or writ.


process

process (third-person singular simple present processes, present participle processing, simple past and past participle processed)

processes (present singular third-person)
processing (participle present)
processed (participle past)
processed (past)

When I saw that he would not let me alone, I processed him for £12. My mother was with his brother John, and he allowed her six guineas for clothes; and if she did not want the money, he would allow it to me in the rent, and I made him pay that when he would not leave me alone.

1845, Report from Her Majesty's Commissioners of inquiry into the state of the law and practice in respect to the occupation of land in Ireland:

(transitive, law) To take legal proceedings against.


minor

en-adj

minor (comparative more minor, superlative most minor)

more minor (comparative)
most minor (superlative)

antonym(s) of

serious, grave, severe, dangerous, fatal, life-threatening, acute (informal)

From Middle English minor, menor, menour, etc., from Latin minor (“lesser; young; young person”) both directly and via Norman and Middle French menor, menour, etc. Doublet of minus but not mini-. Cognate with minister, minify, Minorca, Menshevik, and possibly minnow. Compare Latin minimum and minuō, Old High German minniro, Cornish minow.

der

The defendant resides at 123 Fake Street with his partner and two minor children.

Lesser, smaller in importance, size, degree, seriousness, or significance compared to another option, particularly:

(law) Underage, not having reached legal majority.


minor

byvak

subject of secondary undergraduate study

No, he can't get a mortgage or sell the house. He's still a minor. For the most part, he can't sign a legally binding contract.

He was only a minor when he succeeded his father to the barony.

King Richard the second... for the first tenne yeares of his raigne, was a Minor.

1612, John Davies, A Discouerie of the True Causes Why Ireland Was Neuer Entirely Subdued..., page 88:

(law) A child, a person who has not reached the age of majority, consent, etc. and is legally subject to fewer responsibilities and less accountability and entitled to fewer legal rights and privileges.

(Scots law, obsolete) An adolescent, a person above the legal age of puberty but below the age of majority.


panda

→ Malay: panda

→ Japanese: パンダ (panda)

→ Korean: 판다 (panda)

→ Tagalog: panda

→ Thai: แพนด้า (pɛn-dâa)

Borrowed from French panda, of unclear ultimate origin but probably from the second element of nigálya-pónya, a local name for the red panda recorded in Nepal and Sikkim by Brian Houghton Hodgson (1800 or 1801 – 1894), an ethnologist, naturalist and the British Resident of Nepal, possibly from Nepali निँगाले (nĩgāle, “relating to a certain species of bamboo”) (the adjectival form of निँगालो (nĩgālo), a variant of निङालो (niṅālo, “Drepanostachyum intermedium, a species of bamboo”)) + a regional Tibetan name for the animal (compare regional Tibetan ཕོ་ཉ (pho nya, “messenger”)).
Attributive uses of sense 2 (“giant panda”) generally refer to that animal’s distinctive black and white coat colour.

Before the confrontation, the youth sighted a police personnel carrier, two dog patrol vans, a motorway style car, at least two pandas and one unmarked police car.

1975, Darcus Howe, editor, Race Today, London: Race Today Collective, →OCLC, page 279:

(British, law enforcement, colloquial) Short for panda car (“a black-and-white police car”).


cross

en-verb

cross (third-person singular simple present crosses, present participle crossing, simple past and past participle crossed)

crosses (present singular third-person)
crossing (participle present)
crossed (participle past)
crossed (past)
cross (infinitive)

From Middle English cross, cros, from Old English cros (“rood, cross”), perhaps from Old Irish cros (compare Welsh croes, Irish crois), perhaps from Latin crux (cruci). In this sense displaced native Middle English rood, from Old English rōd; see rood.
The sense of "two intersecting lines drawn or cut on a surface; two lines intersecting at right angles" without regard to religious signification develops from the late 14th century.
cognates
*Old Norse kross (“cross”)
*Icelandic kross (“cross”)
*Faroese krossur (“cross”)
*Danish kors (“cross”)
*Swedish kors (“cross”)
*German Kreuz (“cross”)
*Dutch kruis (“cross”)

(law) To conduct a cross examination; to question a hostile witness.


fare

en-noun

fare (countable and uncountable, plural fares)

From Middle English fare, from the merger of Old English fær (“journey, road”) and faru (“journey, companions, baggage”), from Proto-Germanic *farą and *farō (“journey, fare”), from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“a going, passage”).

der

General American, Mary–marry–merry merger

(countable, UK, crime, slang) A prostitute's client.


bar

en-noun

bar (countable and uncountable, plural bars)

→ Albanian: bar m

→ Arabic: بَار m (bār)

→ Armenian: բար (bar)

→ Bulgarian: бар (bar)

→ Burmese: ဘား (bha:)

→ Chichewa: bála

→ Cantonese: 吧 (baa¹)

→ Czech: bar m

→ Danish: bar c

→ Dutch: bar m

→ Esperanto: baro

→ Estonian: baar

→ French: bar m
→ Romanian: bar

→ Galician: bar m

→ Georgian: ბარი (bari)

→ German: Bar f

→ Greek: μπαρ n (bar)

→ Gulf Arabic: بار (bār)

→ Hebrew: בָּר (bar), בָּאר (bár)

→ Hungarian: bár (also via German)

→ Icelandic: bar m

→ Irish: beár m

→ Italian: bar m

→ Japanese: バー (bā)

→ Khmer: បារ (baa)

→ Korean: 바 (ba)

→ Lithuanian: bãras m

→ Macedonian: бар m (bar)

→ Malagasy: ba

→ Mandarin: 吧 (bā)

→ Norwegian:

Bokmål: bar m

Nynorsk: bar m

→ Persian: بار (bâr)

→ Polish: bar m

→ Portuguese: bar m

→ Russian: бар m (bar)

→ Serbo-Croatian: ба̑р m, bȃr m

→ Slovene: bȃr m

→ Spanish: bar m

→ Swahili: baa

→ Swedish: bar c (see there for further descendants)

→ Thai: บาร์ (baa)

→ Turkish: bar

→ Xhosa: íbhári

→ Zulu: ibha

From Middle English barre, from Old French barre (“beam, bar, gate, barrier”), from Vulgar Latin *barra, of uncertain origin. Doublet of barre.

der

(UK, law) The railing surrounding the part of a courtroom in which the judges, lawyers, defendants and witnesses stay.

He's studying hard to pass the Bar this time; he's failed it twice before.

(US, Philippines, law, usually with the) The bar exam, the legal licensing exam.

He was called to the bar. ― He became a barrister.

(law, metonymically, "the Bar", "the bar") Collectively, lawyers or the legal profession; specifically applied to barristers in some countries, but including all lawyers in others.

"the Bar"; "the bar"; "the Bar"; "the bar"


real

en-adj

real (comparative realer or more real, superlative realest or most real)

realer (comparative)
more real (comparative)
realest (superlative)
most real (superlative)

fictitious

antonym(s) of “that has physical existence”

imaginary

antonym(s) of “relating to numbers with a one-to-one correspondence to the points on a line”

UK

US

From Middle English real, from Old French reel, from Late Latin reālis (“actual”), from Latin rēs (“matter, thing”), from Proto-Indo-European *reh₁ís (“wealth, goods”). Doublet of realis.

der

the real treasure is the friends we made along the way

real estate; real property

Many are perfect in men's humours that are not greatly capable of the real part of business.

1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Cunning”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:

(law) Relating to immovable tangible property.

անշարժ

law: relating to immovable tangible property


offer

→ Tokelauan: ofo

From Middle English offer, from Old English offrian (“offer or make a sacrifice”) rather than from Old French offre (“offer”), from offrir (“to offer”), from Latin offerō (“to present, bring before”). Compare North Frisian offer (“sacrifice, donation, fee”), Dutch offer (“offering, sacrifice”), German Opfer (“victim, sacrifice”), Danish offer (“victim, sacrifice”), Icelandic offr (“offering”). See verb below.

cog

His first letter was not a real offer, but an attempt to determine interest.

(law) An invitation to enter into a binding contract communicated to another party which contains terms sufficiently definite to create an enforceable contract if the other party accepts the invitation.

nabídka

law: invitation to enter binding contract


mug

en-verb

mug (third-person singular simple present mugs, present participle mugging, simple past and past participle mugged)

mugs (present singular third-person)
mugging (participle present)
mugged (participle past)
mugged (past)

Early 16th century (originally Scots and northern English, denoting "earthenware, pot, jug"), of unknown origin, perhaps from North Germanic (compare Swedish mugg (“mug, jug”), Norwegian mugge (“pitcher, open can for warm drinks”), Danish mugge), or Low German mokke, mukke (“mug”), German Low German Muck (“drinking cup”), Dutch mok (“mug”), also of unknown origin. Perhaps related to Old English muga (“stack”) and Old Norse múgr (“mass, heap (of corn)”). Compare also Middle English mug, mog (“a measure of salt”).
"Face" sense possibly from grotesque faces on certain drinking vessels. "Assault" sense of verb possibly from hitting someone in the face.

cog

(transitive) To assault for the purpose of robbery.


evergreen

en-verb

evergreen (third-person singular simple present evergreens, present participle evergreening, simple past and past participle evergreened)

evergreens (present singular third-person)
evergreening (participle present)
evergreened (participle past)
evergreened (past)

(patent law, pharmaceuticals) To extend the term of a patent beyond the normal legal limit, usually through repeated small modifications.


robber

Inherited from Middle English robbour, robbere, either directly taken from or from a calque of Old French robeor. Equivalent to rob + -er.
Compare reaver ("robber, plunderer"), a native English word derived from Proto-Germanic *raubārijaz that is ultimately of more or less the same composition as robber. And compare rover ("a pirate"), another word of the same composition.


lock

From Middle English lok, lokke, from Old English locc (“hair of the head, hair, lock of hair, curl, ringlet”), from Proto-West Germanic *lokk, from Proto-Germanic *lukkaz, from Proto-Indo-European *lugnó-, from Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“to bend”).
Cognate with West Frisian lok, lokke, Dutch lok (“earlock, curl”), German Locke (“lock of hair, curl”), Danish lok, Swedish lock (“lock of hair, curl”). It has been theorised that the word may be related to the Gothic verb *𐌻𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽 (*lukan, “to shut”) in its ancient meaning "to curb".

inh

(Scots law, historical) A quantity of meal, the perquisite of a mill-servant.


nude

en-adj

nude (comparative nuder, superlative nudest)

nuder (comparative)
nudest (superlative)

Entered English 1531 as a legal term, meaning "unsupported, not formally attested," from Latin nūdus (“naked, bare”).

A void sale is that which can never take effect; in which the articles opposed to each other, or one of them, not bearing any legal value the contract is nude.

1825, Sir William Hay Macnaghten, Principles and Precedents of Moohummudan Law:


waste

en-noun

waste (countable and uncountable, plural wastes)

→ Japanese: ウエス (uesu)

→ Wu: 違司／违司 (we⁶-sy¹)

From Middle English wast, waste (“a waste”, noun), from Anglo-Norman, Old Northern French wast, waste (“a waste”), from Frankish *wōstī (“a waste”), from Proto-Germanic *wōstaz, *wōstuz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁weh₂- (“empty, wasted”).
Displaced native Old English essian and strȳndan. Largely overtook Old English forspillan and weste.

der

(law) A cause of action which may be brought by the owner of a future interest in property against the current owner of that property to prevent the current owner from degrading the value or character of the property, either intentionally or through neglect.

hävittäminen

legal: cause of action against degrading the value or character of a property


waste

en-verb

waste (third-person singular simple present wastes, present participle wasting, simple past and past participle wasted)

wastes (present singular third-person)
wasting (participle present)
wasted (participle past)
wasted (past)
waste (infinitive)

From Middle English wasten (“to waste, lay waste”), from Anglo-Norman, Old Northern French waster (“to waste, devastate”) (compare also the variant gaster and French gâter from a related Old French word); the Anglo-Norman form waster was either from Frankish *wōstijan (“to waste”), from Proto-Indo-European *wāsto- (“empty, wasted”), or alternatively from Latin vastāre, present active infinitive of vastō and influenced by the Frankish; the English word was assisted by similarity to native Middle English westen ("to waste"; > English weest). Cognate with Old High German wuostan, wuastan, wuostjan (“to waste”) (Modern German wüsten), Old English wēstan (“to lay waste, ravage”).

gloss

"to waste"; > English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">weest</i>

cog

Waste in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

(law) To damage, impair, or injure (an estate, etc.) voluntarily, or by allowing the buildings, fences, etc., to fall into decay.


service

en-noun

service (countable and uncountable, plural services)

From Middle English servise, from Old French servise (French service), from the verb servir, from Latin servitium (compare Portuguese serviço, Italian servizio, Norman sèrvice, Spanish servicio), from servus (“servant; serf; slave”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ser-wo-s (“guardian”), possibly from *ser- (“watch over, protect”). Displaced native Old English þeġnung.

He Suſpends on theſe Reaſons, that Thomas Rue had granted a general Diſcharge to Adam Muſhet, who was his Conjunct, and correus debendi, after the alleadged Service, which Diſcharged Muſhet, and conſequently Houstoun his Partner.

1668 July 3, James Dalrymple, “Thomas Rue contra Andrew Houſtoun” in The Deciſions of the Lords of Council & Seſſion I (Edinburgh, 1683), page 548

The service happened yesterday.

(law) The serving, or delivery, of a summons or writ.


burglarize

en-verb

burglarize (third-person singular simple present burglarizes, present participle burglarizing, simple past and past participle burglarized)

burglarizes (present singular third-person)
burglarizing (participle present)
burglarized (participle past)
burglarized (past)

/ˈbɜː(ɹ)ɡləɹaɪz/

People who would now attempt to burglarize in top-boots, would be as mad as if they were to adopt that costume for picking pockets.

1829 July 5, [ William Hazlitt ?], “The Advantages of Committing Burglary in cuerpo Elucidated”, in The Atlas, London, page 442:

[M]en exclaim against you as the most bungling of "cabbagers" ... that ever burglarised upon the property of Shakespeare!

1839 December 7, "Mustard-Seed", “To Sir Charles Shaw, K. C. T. S., &c., &c.”, in Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser, Manchester, page 6:

In this dilemma there were but two resources open to the infuriated stewards, -- one to carry the key vi et armis; the other, to burglarize the cellar.

1840 May 1, "Shamrock", “Steeple-Chasing in Ireland”, in The Sporting Review, London, page 364:

Deaseley Brothers & Dodge, wholesale dry goods store, was burglarized last night, and three thousand dollars worth of silks taken. No arrests.

1856 November 1, Louisville Daily Courier, Louisville, KY, page 3:

I also told you my house had been thoroughly burglarized three times,

1856 December 16, "The London Scoundrel", “A Plea for the Gallows (Letter to the Editor)”, in The Times, London, page 10:

We see in a telegraphic despatch from across the boundary line that a store was "burglarized" a short time ago.

1865 September 20, Upper Canada Law Journal, Toronto, page 228:

Burglarize, to, a term creeping into journalism. ... The word has a dangerous rival in the shorter burgle.

1872, M. Schele De Vere, Americanisms: The English of the New World, New York: Charles Scribner, page 587:

During a recent burglary epidemic a police superintendent one night made a tour of inspection through the burglarised district.

1903 March 31, “From Day To Day”, in The Express and Telegraph, Adelaide, page 1:

This attempt to burglarize the house betrayed the caliber of the enemy.

1922, Victor Appleton, chapter 9, in Tom Swift And His Electric Locomotive, New York: Grossett and Dunlap, page 82:

Police said they believed the woman interrupted Harvey as he attempted to burglarize nearby cars.

2007 December 14, Robert Muirhead, “Man sent to prison for robbing woman at gunpoint”, in Journal Inquirer.com, Connecticut, page 228:

(transitive, intransitive, chiefly Canada, US) To commit burglary.


burgle

burgle (third-person singular simple present burgles, present participle burgling, simple past and past participle burgled)

burgles (present singular third-person)
burgling (participle present)
burgled (participle past)
burgled (past)

In St. Louis, burglars burgle by daylight

1867 March 14, “This and That”, in Delaware Tribune, Wilmington, DE, page 1:

The New York World has coined a new verb -- "to burgle."

1867 August 24, Sydney Morning Herald, Sydney, page 8:

The language grows apace. A "cablegram" has been received, and $400 have been "burgled."

1868 February 13, Louisville Daily Courier, Louisvile, KY, page 4:

Burgled his safe and bolted with the tin.

1868, John Brougham, Much Ado About a Merchant of Venice, New York: Samuel French, page 13:

[S]he went and burgled three pears out of the dish ...

1869, Joanna H. Mathews, Bessie at School, London: James Nisbet & Co., page 183:

Conceive the Great Lexicographer admitting to his Dictionary such excrescencies as: "Burgle, verb active, To break into a dwelling-house,"

1870 February 5, “American Slangography”, in Punch, London, page 44:

When an American says, "I've been burgled" -- where an Englishman would say, "My house has been broken into by thieves" -- he succeeds in shortening the statement by more than half ...

1873 April 21, Albert Julius Mott, “Inaugural Address”, in Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool, volume xxvii, London: Longman, Greens, Reader & Dyer, page 30:

Well, I hope to goodness the house won’t be burgled during the night.

1892, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, “The Beryl Coronet”, in The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, HTML edition, The Gutenberg Project, published 2011:

(UK, Ireland, Commonwealth) To commit burglary.


thieve

thieve (third-person singular simple present thieves, present participle thieving, simple past and past participle thieved)

thieves (present singular third-person)
thieving (participle present)
thieved (participle past)
thieved (past)

From Middle English *theven (found in Middle English thevinge (“thieving”)), from Old English þēofian, ġeþēofian, ġeþīefian (“to thieve, steal”).


pool

1. From French poule (“collective stakes in a game”). The French word "poule" in this context is an abbreviation of "poulain, pouliche" (foal, filly), and referred to races with female horses under 3 years old. It then became used by punters to designate bets on that race, and started to be used from the racetrack to the stadiums.
2. The OED suggests that this may be a transferred use of poule (“hen”), which has been explained anecdotally as deriving from an old informal betting game in France - 'jeu de poule' - Game of Chicken (or Hen, literally) in which poule became synonymous with the combined money pot claimed by the winner.

bor

pull (accents with FOOT-GOOSE merger or full-fool merger)

(law) An aggregation of properties or rights, belonging to different people in a community, in a common fund, to be charged with common liabilities.

yhtymä

legal: aggregation of properties or rights


ordinance

From Middle English ordinaunce (ca. 1300), from Old French ordenance (“decree, command”) (modern French ordonnance), from Medieval Latin ordinantia, from ordinans, the present participle of ordino (“put in order”) (whence ordain). Doublet of ordonnance.

der

(US) A local law, passed by e.g. a city.

An edict or decree, authoritative order.

(England) Prior to the Third English Civil War, a decree of Parliament.

(UK, pre-1992 universities, Commonwealth) Detailed legislation that translates the broad principles of the university's charter and statutes into practical effect.

(Hong Kong) A law enacted by the Hong Kong Legislative Council.

(India, Pakistan) A temporary legislation promulgated by the president on the recommendation of the cabinet.


incorporeal

en-adj

incorporeal (comparative more incorporeal, superlative most incorporeal)

more incorporeal (comparative)
most incorporeal (superlative)

/ɪŋkɔː(ɹ)ˈpɔːɹiəl/

(law) Relating to an asset that does not have a material form; such as a patent.


thief

From Middle English thef, theef, þef, from Old English þēof, from Proto-West Germanic *þeub, from Proto-Germanic *þeubaz. Spelling from Northern England, where /eːo/ became [iə] rather than [eː]. (Compare the spelling of deep from Old English deop.)

But hear you, my Worthy Brethren: do not you, where you see a thief in the candle, call presently for an extinguisher[…]

(obsolete) A waster in the snuff of a candle.


bobby

Bro I’m booky, I’ll take your food if my belly starts rumblin
They rap about bootings, they ain’t blammed nobody
Hold that properly when I bang that dotty
I put sniff in a rex, and I slang that bobby

2017, “Next Up?”, Digga D (lyrics), performed by 1011 (Digga D x Sav'O x T.Y):


steel

I was lugged before the beak, who gave me six doss in the steel. [...] six months in the Bastille (the old House of Corrections), Coldbath Fields.

1862, Havelock Ellis, The Criminal, page 162:

He said he had been in the “steel” (Coldbath Fields Prison) eight times.

1866, George Augustus Sala, Edmund Hodgson Yates, Temple Bar, volume 16, page 507:

This time I got two moon for assaulting the reelers when canon. For this I went to the Steel (Bastile^([sic]) — Coldbath Fields Prison), having a new suit of clobber on me and about fifty blow in my brigh (pocket).

1879, Macmillan's Magazine, volume 40, page 502:

(UK, crime, slang, obsolete) Coldbath Fields Prison in London, closed in 1877.


in flagrante delicto

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-in flagrante delicto.wav

Unadapted borrowing from Medieval Latin in flagrante delicto (literally “while the crime is blazing”), from in + flāgrō (“burn”) + dēlictō, form of dēlictum (“crime, misdeed”).

ubor

We've already established that you were one of Miss Scarlet's clients. That's why you were so desperate to get your hands on those negatives. Photographs of you and Yvette in flagrante delicto, remember?

1985, Jonathan Lynn, Clue, spoken by Colonel Mustard (Martin Mull):

I would add to that the fact that, if we are happy to be caught in flagrante delicto in a picturesque setting, there would be something almost humiliating about being caught somewhere as ugly as that.

2002, Adriana Hunter, transl., The Sexual Life of Catherine M., translation of La Vie Sexuelle de Catherine M. by Catherine Millet, page 146:

When his housemates, two men and a woman, found them in flagrante delicto, one reported, “She said she didn’t want us to think of her as ‘that girl.’ ”

2015 February 8, Naomi Schaefer Riley, “Columbia mattress rape case is not justice — it’s shaming without proof”, in New York Post:

As a student of the fossil record, I can assure you that it’s not often that creatures are transformed, in flagrante delicto, into memento mori.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: A Natural History, page 65:


pirate

→ Niuean: pairēti

From Old French pirate, from Latin pīrāta, from Ancient Greek πειρατής (peiratḗs), from πεῖρα (peîra, “trial, attempt, plot”). Displaced native Old English wīċing, which was the word for both "pirate" and "viking".

You should be cautious due to the Somali pirates.

(crime) A criminal who plunders at sea; commonly attacking merchant vessels, though often pillaging port towns.

And Gnutella, Freenet and other pirate tools will offer plunderings beyond Fanning's fantasies.

2001, unidentified insider, quoted in John Alderman, Sonic Boom: Napster, MP3, and the New Pioneers of Music, Da Capo Press, page 178

They had watches that said Gucci or Rolex on them even though it was obvious they'd come straight here from some pirate factory in China.

If we untangle the claim that technology has turned Johnny Teenager into a pirate, what turns out to be fueling it is the idea that if Johnny Teenager were to share his unauthorized copy with two million of his closest friends the effect on a record company would be pretty similar to the effect of some CD factory's creating two million CDs and selling them cheap.

2008, Martha Vicinus, Caroline Eisner, Originality, Imitation, and Plagiarism: Teaching Writing in the Digital Age, page 21:

intellectual property
intellectual property

(by extension) One who breaks intellectual property laws by reproducing protected works without permission.

плагиат

one who breaks intellectual property laws


pirate

en-verb

pirate (third-person singular simple present pirates, present participle pirating, simple past and past participle pirated)

pirates (present singular third-person)
pirating (participle present)
pirated (participle past)
pirated (past)

If a book is pirated there is a remedy for the author and publisher; if a photograph or an engraving is made of a picture without permission the law protects the painter.

1904, Edward Elgar, in a speech on 4 July, 1904:

(transitive, copyright law) To create and/or sell an unauthorized copy of.

Not willing to pay full price for the computer game, Heidi pirated a copy.

In the 1970s cable companies began to pirate some of the football games that the networks had contracted to televise.

2002, John Sayle Watterson, College Football: History, Spectacle, Controversy, page 343:

College students, with their limited budgets, often pirate software to save their money for buying more important items (like beer).

2004, Wally Wang, Steal this File Sharing Book: What They Won't Tell You about File Sharing:

Many college students now expect to sample, if not outright pirate, movies, music, software, and TV programs.

2007, Diane Kresh, Council on Library, Information Resources, The Whole Digital Library Handbook, page 85:

(transitive, copyright law) To knowingly obtain an unauthorized copy of.


killer

en-noun

killer (countable and uncountable, plural killers)

→ German: Killer

→ Italian: killer

→ Japanese: キラー (kirā)

→ Russian: ки́ллер (kíller)

From Middle English killer, kyller. By surface analysis, kill + -er.

There’s a killer on the loose.

My cat is a habitual bird killer.

Carbon monoxide is a silent killer.


scilicet

(law) Done in the appropriate place within a jurisdiction for the documented act.


derogatory

en-adj

derogatory (comparative more derogatory, superlative most derogatory)

more derogatory (comparative)
most derogatory (superlative)

/dɪˈɹɒɡətɹi/

/dɪˈɹɑɡətɔɹi/

Borrowed from Late Latin dērogātōrius, from Latin dērogāre; corresponding to derogate + -ory.

(law, of a clause in a testament) Being or pertaining to a derogatory clause.


special

special (comparative more special or specialer, superlative most special or specialest)

more special (comparative)
specialer (comparative)
most special (superlative)
specialest (superlative)

common

antonym(s) of “distinguished by a unique or unusual quality”

From Middle English *special, especial, especiall, from Old French especial (whence also French spécial), from Latin speciālis (from speciēs). In this sense displaced native Old English synderlīċ. Doublet of especial.

מיוחד \ מְיֻחָד

of or related to disabilities, especially learning or intellectual disabilities

For the few times the U.S. Supreme Court has to actually try a case, they will appoint a special master to do so.

After the Watergate break in, a special prosecutor was appointed.

(law) Appointed specifically to examine a single event or issue.


felon

The adjective is derived from Middle English feloun, felun (“base, wicked; hostile; of an animal: dangerous; of words: angry, harsh, slanderous; of things: dangerous, deadly; false, fraudulent; unlucky”) [and other forms], from Old French felon (“bad, evil, immoral”) (compare fel (“evil; despicable, vile”)), from Early Medieval Latin fellōnem; further etymology uncertain.
Doublet of fell (“of a strong and cruel nature; fierce; grim; ruthless, savage”).
Sense 3 (“obtained through a felony”) is derived from the noun.
The noun is derived from Middle English feloun, felun (“criminal, specifically one who has committed a felony, felon; cruel, hostile, violent, etc., person; deceiver; evildoer, monster, sinner; traitor; bold or fierce warrior; deceit, falseness; wickedness, wrongdoing; treachery”) [and other forms], from feloun, felun (adjective): see above.
cognates
* Catalan felló (adjective)
* French félon (adjective, noun)
* Italian fellone (adjective, noun)
* Occitan felon, felhon, fellon (adjective)
* Spanish fellon (adjective, noun)

nb...

feleyn, felon, felone, feloune, felune, felown, felowne

I doe defie thy coniurations: / And doe attach thee as a fellon heere.

c. 1591–1595 (date written), [William Shakespeare], […] Romeo and Juliet. […] (First Quarto), London: […] Iohn Danter, published 1597, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii], signature K, verso:

And therefore they are but like the Fellon that ſtandeth before the Judge, he quakes and trembles, and ſeems to repent most heartily; but the bottom of all is, the fear of the Halter, not of any deteſtation of the offence; as is evident, becauſe, let but this man have his liberty, and he vvill be a Thief, and ſo a Rogue still, vvhereas, if his mind vvas changed, he vvould be othervviſe.

1678, John Bunyan, The Pilgrim’s Progress from This World, to That which is to Come: […], London: […] Nath[aniel] Ponder […], →OCLC, pages 215–216:

Hovv, vvith leſs reading than makes felons 'ſcape, / Leſs human genius than God gives an ape, / Small thanks to France, and none to Rome or Greece, / A paſt, vamp'd, future, old, reviv'd, novv piece, […]

1728, [Alexander Pope], “Book the First”, in The Dunciad. An Heroic Poem. […], Dublin, London: […] A. Dodd, →OCLC, page 13, lines 225–228:

If the diſguſting detail of the accumulated inſults vve have received, in vvhat vve have very properly called our "ſolicitation," to a gang of felons and murderers, had been produced as a proof of the utter inefficacy of that mode of proceeding vvith that deſcription of perſons, I ſhould have nothing at all to object to it.

1797, Edmund Burke, “Letter III.”, in A Third Letter to a Member of the Present Parliament, on the Proposals for Peace with the Regicide Directory of France, London: […] F[rancis] and C[harles] Rivington, […]; sold also by J[ohn] Hatchard, […], →OCLC, page 3:

Looking at the Jury and the turbulent audience, he might have thought that the usual order of things was reversed, and that the felons were trying the honest men.

1859, Charles Dickens, “Triumph”, in A Tale of Two Cities, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, book III (The Track of a Storm), pages 189–190:

The felon is the logical extreme of the epicure and coxcomb. Selfish luxury is the end of both, though in one it is decorated with refinements, and in the other brutal. But my point now is, that this spirit is not American.

1878 March 30, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Fortune of the Republic. Lecture Delivered at the Old South Church, March 30, 1878, Boston, Mass.: Houghton, Osgood and Company […], published 1878, →OCLC, pages 83–84:

(criminal law) A person who has committed a felony (“serious criminal offence”); specifically, one who has been tried and convicted of such a crime.

злачы́нец

person who has committed a felony; one who has been tried and convicted of such a crime

convict

one who has committed a felony; if convicted


burglar

/ˈbɜːɡlə(ɹ)/

-ɜː(ɹ)ɡlə(ɹ)

Borrowed from British Medieval Latin burglātor, from Old French burgeor (“burglar”), from Medieval Latin burgātor (“burglar”), from burgō (“to commit burglary”), from Late Latin burgus (“fortified town”), probably from Frankish *burg (“fortress”), from Proto-Germanic *burgz, *burgiją (“borough, watch-tower”). The -l- may have been inserted under influence from Latin latro (“thief”).

The burglar made off with a large diamond from the museum.

A person who breaks in to premises with the intent of committing theft.


murder in the first degree

en-noun

murder in the first degree (countable and uncountable, plural murders in the first degree)

first-degree murder
first-degree murder#English


IP

IP (countable and uncountable, plural IPs)

In the past year, Disney has announced 4 sequels and one reboot, but not a single new IP

intellectual property
intellectual property#English

(law, countable and uncountable) Initialism of intellectual property.

(law, uncountable) Initialism of indigenous peoples.

(law enforcement) Initialism of injured party.


first-degree murder

first-degree murder (countable and uncountable, plural first-degree murders)

(law, chiefly US, Canada) The criminal offence of murder in a form considered by law to be the most serious; the precise distinction may vary by jurisdiction but typically involves premeditation, or the choice of victim or other circumstances being regarded as especially blameworthy.

moord

premeditated or especially serious murder

előre megfontolt szándékkal elkövetett emberölés

(law, chiefly US, Canada) An act that constitutes the crime of first-degree murder.


trust

trust (countable and uncountable, plural trusts)

From Middle English trust (“trust, protection”). Long considered a borrowing from Old Norse traust (“confidence, help, protection”), itself from Proto-Germanic *traustą, but the root vocalism is incompatible, and so it is considered a reflex of an unattested Old English *trust, from a rare zero-grade proto-Germanic variant of the same root also attested in Middle High German getrüste (“host”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *deru- (“be firm, hard, solid”). Akin to Danish trøst (“comfort, solace”), Saterland Frisian Traast (“comfort, solace”), West Frisian treast (“comfort, solace”), Dutch troost (“comfort, consolation”), German Trost (“comfort, consolation”), Gothic trausti (“alliance, pact”). Doublet of tryst. More at true, tree.

cog

I put the house into my sister's trust.

(law) The confidence vested in a person who has legal ownership of a property to manage for the benefit of another.

vertrouwen

the confidence vested in a person who has legal ownership of a property to manage for the benefit of another

(trust law) An arrangement whereby property or money is given to be held by a third party (a trustee), on the basis that it will be managed for the benefit of, or eventually transferred to, a stated beneficiary; for example, money to be given to a child when he or she reaches adulthood.


trust

en-adj

trust (comparative more trust, superlative most trust)

more trust (comparative)
most trust (superlative)


rob

en-verb

rob (third-person singular simple present robs, present participle robbing, simple past and past participle robbed)

robs (present singular third-person)
robbing (participle present)
robbed (participle past)
robbed (past)

From Middle English robben, from Anglo-Norman robber, from Late Latin raubāre, from Frankish *raubōn (compare Dutch roven) and Old High German roubōn, raubōn (“to rob, steal, plunder”), from Proto-Germanic *raubōną. Doublet of reave.

The best way to rob a bank is to own one.

I never robbed the soldiers of their pay.

1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies. […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene v]:

(transitive) To deprive of, or withhold from, unjustly or injuriously; to defraud.

Her house was robbed.

2008 September 4, National Public Radio, All Things Considered:


crimp

Uncertain. Likely from etymology 1, above, but the historical development is not clear. Attested since the seventeenth century.

(specifically, law) One who infringes sub-section 1 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1854, applied to a person other than the owner, master, etc., who engages seamen without a license from the Board of Trade.


rub out

rub out (third-person singular simple present rubs out, present participle rubbing out, simple past and past participle rubbed out)

rubs out (present singular third-person)
rubbing out (participle present)
rubbed out (participle past)
rubbed out (past)

Coordinate term: rub off

The teacher wanted to rub out the chalk marks on the blackboard.

(transitive) To delete or erase or remove (something) by rubbing, especially with a rubber (eraser).

It was just a week to the day since Mr. Martin had decided to rub out Mrs. Ulgine Barrows.

'Mr Grimaldi,' fills in Smoke, 'what I believe Fay has too much tact to spit out and say is this: the Rey woman might be imagining we rubbed out Dr Sixsmith.'

2004, David Mitchell, Cloud Atlas, London: Hodder and Stoughton, →ISBN:

(transitive, criminal slang) To kill, especially to murder.


estate

From Middle English estat, from Anglo-Norman estat and Old French estat (French: état), from Latin status. Doublet of state and status.

(law) The nature and extent of a person's interest in, or ownership of, land.

تركة

law: nature and extent of a person's interest in, or ownership of, land

oikeus maa-alueeseen (no exact translation for this umbrella term)


jam sandwich

(UK, Ireland, slang) (from the common UK colour scheme of white with a red reflective horizontal band) A police car.


opposition

/ˌɒp.əˈzɪʃ.ən/

/ˌɑ.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/

From Middle English opposicioun, from Old French oposicion (whence French opposition), from Late Latin oppositiō, translating Ancient Greek ἀντίθεσις (antíthesis), from the past participle stem of classical Latin oppōnō (“I set against”).

(law) In United States intellectual property law, a proceeding in which an interested party seeks to prevent the registration of a trademark or patent.

kiistäminen

legal: proceeding to prevent registration of a trademark or patent


job

→ Antillean Creole: djòb

→ French: job

→ Louisiana Creole: djòb

From the phrase jobbe of work (“piece of work”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from a variant of Middle English gobbe (“mass, lump”); or perhaps related to Middle English jobben (“to jab, thrust, peck”), or Middle English choppe (“piece, bargain”). More at gob, jab, chop.

der

“He was ex-job, Beavis. Detective sergeant out of County, Banbury, retired in ‘59.”

2018 February 11, Colin Dexter, Russell Lewis, 14:17 from the start, in Endeavour(Cartouche), season 5, episode 2 (TV series), spoken by DS Endeavour Morse (Shaun Evans):

But there it was on the screen: The personal details of his old colleague from Kennington station in the late nineties.[…]She’s job. We used to work together.

2018 July 24, Chris Merritt, Last Witness:A Gripping Crime Thriller You Won’t Be Able To Put Down:

“I’m job, D.S Townsend. I have to report a missing person.”

2022 February 9, Daragh Carville, Richard Clark, Furquan Akhtar, 01:33 from the start, in The Bay, season 3, episode 5, spoken by D.S Jenn Townsend (Marsha Thomason):

The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English

w:A Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English

(UK, slang, law enforcement) The police as a profession, act of policing, or an individual police officer.


replevin

Anglo-Norman, from Old French replevir (“recover”), from re- + plevir (apparently from a Germanic word which was also the source of English pledge).

(law) An action to recover personal property unlawfully taken, especially that seized by way of distraint; the writ or procedure of such action.


duty

en-noun

duty (countable and uncountable, plural duties)

right

antonym(s) of “that which one is obligated to do”

From Middle English duete, from Middle English dewe) + Middle English -te, (borrowed from Old French -te from Latin -tātem, accusative masculine singular of -tās). Equivalent to due + -ty (Alternative form of -ity).

customs duty; excise duty

A tax placed on imports or exports; a tariff.


vacation

vacation (countable and uncountable, plural vacations)

From Middle English vacation, vacacion, vacacioun, from Anglo-Norman vacacioun, from Old French vacacion, vacation, from Latin vacātiō. Equivalent to vacate + -ion.

(US, law) The act of making legally void.


reply

From Middle English replyen, replien, borrowed from Old French replier (“to reply”), from the Latin replicō, replicāre (“I fold back”) (in Late or Medieval Latin "to reply, repeat"), from re + plicō (“I fold”); the noun derives from the verb by nominalisation. Doublet of replicate and replica.

der

(US, law) A document written by a party specifically replying to a responsive declaration and in some cases an answer.


fiction

en-noun

fiction (countable and uncountable, plural fictions)

→ Irish: ficsean

→ Scottish Gaelic: ficsean

From Middle English ficcioun, from Old French ficcion (“dissimulation, ruse, invention”), from Latin fictiō (“a making, fashioning, a feigning, a rhetorical or legal fiction”), from fingō (“to form, mold, shape, devise, feign”). Displaced native Old English lēasspell (literally “false story”).


location

→ German: Location

/ləʊˈkeɪʃən/

Borrowed from Latin locatio, locationis (“a placing”), from locare (“to place, put, set, let”), from locus (“a place”). Equivalent to locate + -ion.

(law, Scotland) A contract for the use of a thing, or service of a person, for hire.

(law, US) The marking out of the boundaries, or identifying the place or site of, a piece of land, according to the description given in an entry, plan, map, etc


detail

en-noun

detail (countable and uncountable, plural details)

Borrowed from Middle French détail, from Old French detail, from detaillier, from de- + taillier (“to cut”).

Frequently members of the small police detail dispatched to the scene joined in.

2022, Gary Gerstle, chapter 7, in The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order […] , New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, Part II. The Neoliberal Order, 1970–2020:

(military, law enforcement) A temporary unit or assignment.


detail

en-verb

detail (third-person singular simple present details, present participle detailing, simple past and past participle detailed)

details (present singular third-person)
detailing (participle present)
detailed (participle past)
detailed (past)

Two years after England’s World Cup victory, Stiles was at Wembley again to help Manchester United become the first English team to win the European Cup final. Again Eusébio was one of his opponents, playing for Benfica, and again Stiles was detailed to keep him quiet. […]

2020 October 30, Brian Glanville, “Nobby Stiles obituary”, in The Guardian:

(transitive, military, law enforcement) To assign to a particular task.

komentaa

military: to assign to a particular task


battery

en-noun

battery (countable and uncountable, plural batteries)

Korean: 배터리 (baeteori)

Borrowed from Middle French batterie, from Old French baterie (“action of beating”), from batre (“battre”), from Latin battuō (“beat”), from Gaulish. Doublet of batterie.

der

[…] A battery is the actual infliction of unlawful personal violence. […] [The defendant] fell to the ground and lashed out with his feet and in doing so kicked the hand of one of the police officers, fracturing a bone. He was charged with assault […] although this was a battery.

2003, Mike Molan, Modern Criminal Law, 5th edition, 7.2.2-3, pages 221–222:

He offered three types of battery for which Mr. Trump might be liable under New York law: rape, sexual abuse and forcible touching.

2023 May 9, Lola Fadulu, “New York law gave jurors three types of battery to consider in the Trump case.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

An order asserted itself, and the hoods on the furnaces were oped wide, and a final march was organized. The wails of the injured and the roars of the dead-on-the-march overwhelmed the tinny speakers in the cell, and they all watched as nearly one thousand people reduced themselves to a few frantic hundred in less than an hour, then settled into a sustained orgy of battery, rapine and rape with no end in sight but the total depopulation of the entire facility.

2024 September 28, HarryBlank, “Not Ready for Prime Time”, in SCP Foundation, archived from the original on 2024-09-29:

(law) The infliction of unlawful physical violence on a person, legally distinguished from assault, which includes the threat of impending violence.


canon

en-noun

canon (countable and uncountable, plural canons)

From Middle English canoun, from Old French canon and Old English canon, both from Latin canōn, from Ancient Greek κανών (kanṓn, “measuring rod, standard”), akin to κάννα (kánna, “reed”), from Semitic (compare Hebrew קָנֶה (qane, “reed”) and Arabic قَنَاة (qanāh, “reed”)). Doublet of qanun. See also cane, cannon, canyon, canal.

der

A eucharistic prayer, particularly the Roman Canon.


flour

en-noun

flour (usually uncountable, plural flours)

→ Drehu: falawa

→ Maori: parāoa

→ Palauan: blauang

→ West Uvean: falawa

flower (for people who pronounce flour as two syllables or flower as one)

Spelled (until about 1830) and meaning flower in the sense of flour being the "finest portion of ground grain" (compare French fleur de farine, fine fleur). Doublet of flower. Partially displaced native meal.
The U.S. standard of identity comes from 21CFR137.105.

standards of identity
standard of identity

(US standards of identity) The food made by grinding and bolting cleaned wheat (not durum or red durum) until it meets specified levels of fineness, dryness, and freedom from bran and germ, also containing any of certain enzymes, ascorbic acid, and certain bleaching agents.


acquiescence

acquiescence (countable and uncountable, plural acquiescences)

(law) Inaction, passivity, or neglect to take legal action when it is called for in order to assert, preserve, or safeguard a right, and which inaction implies the abandonment of said right.

rechtsverwerking

inaction to take legal recourse which implies the abandonment of a right


acquittal

acquittal (countable and uncountable, plural acquittals)

(law) A legal decision that someone is not guilty with which they have been charged, or the formal dismissal of a charge by some other legal process.


credit

credit (countable and uncountable, plural credits)

Borrowed from Middle French crédit (“belief, trust”), from Latin crēditum (“a loan, credit”), neuter of crēditus, past participle of crēdere (“to believe”). The verb is from the noun. Doublet of shraddha, creed.

In view of your payment record, we are happy to extend further credit to you.

(uncountable, law, business, finance) A privilege of delayed payment extended to a buyer or borrower on the seller's or lender's belief that what is given will be repaid.


actionable

en-adj

actionable (comparative more actionable, superlative most actionable)

more actionable (comparative)
most actionable (superlative)

From action + -able. Compare Late Latin actionabilis. See action.

I'm sure it's not good of me to write that he's a lush, but is it actionable?

Clearly the libelous book is actionable, but I'm not commenting on anything to do with legal issues.

"It may be so, or it may not, Mr. Holmes," said he, "but if you are so very sharp you ought to be sharp enough to know that it is you who are breaking the law now, and not me. I have done nothing actionable from the first, but as long as you keep that door locked you lay yourself open to an action for assault and illegal constraint."

1891 [September, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. Adventure III.—A Case of Identity.”, in Geo[rge] Newnes, editor, The Strand Magazine: An Illustrated Monthly, volume II (July to December), number [9], London: […], page 258, column 1:

(law) Affording grounds for legal action.


ghost

en-verb

ghost (third-person singular simple present ghosts, present participle ghosting, simple past and past participle ghosted)

ghosts (present singular third-person)
ghosting (participle present)
ghosted (participle past)
ghosted (past)

Inherited from Middle English gost, from Old English gāst (which was the word for “spirit” as well as “ghost”; the original sense survives in Modern English Holy Ghost), from Proto-West Germanic *gaist, from Proto-Germanic *gaistaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéysdos, derived from *ǵʰéysd- (“anger, agitation”).
The ⟨h⟩ in the spelling appears in the Prologue to William Caxton's Royal Book, printed in 1484, in a reference to the ‘Holy Ghoost’, likely introduced by Caxton's assistant, Wynkyn de Worde, as a result of Flemish influence, where it was spelled gheest at the time. Doublet of geist.

His power base, however, is undermined by him being constantly, “ghosted”, or moved from prison to prison.

2020, Jamie Bennett, Victoria Knight, Prisoners on Prison Films, page 26:

(transitive) To transfer (a prisoner) to another prison without the prior knowledge of other inmates.


discovery

en-noun

discovery (countable and uncountable, plural discoveries)

from discover + -ery, on the pattern of the pair recover, recovery. Displaced native Old English onfundennes.

The prosecution moved to suppress certain items turned up during discovery.

(law, uncountable) A pre-trial phase in which evidence is gathered.

vyšetřování

legal: pre-trial phase in which evidence is gathered

The defense argued that the plaintiff's discovery was inadequate.

(law, uncountable) Materials revealed to the opposing party during the pre-trial phase in which evidence is gathered.

näyttö

legal: materials revealed to the opposing party during the pre-trial phase


admiralty

admiralty (countable and uncountable, plural admiralties)

From French amirauté, for an older amiralté (“office of admiral”), from Late Latin admīrālitās. See admiral. Analyzable as admiral + -ty.

(law) The court which has jurisdiction of maritime questions and offenses.

(law) The system of jurisprudence of admiralty courts.


adhere

en-verb

adhere (third-person singular simple present adheres, present participle adhering, simple past and past participle adhered)

adheres (present singular third-person)
adhering (participle present)
adhered (participle past)
adhered (past)

From Middle English *adheren (suggested by Middle English adherande (“adhering, adherent”, present participle)), from Latin adhaerēre, adhaesum: ad (“to”) + haerēre (“to stick”). Compare French adhérer.

cog

(intransitive, Scots law) To affirm a judgment.


admission

en-noun

admission (countable and uncountable, plural admissions)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-admission.wav

Borrowed from Latin admissio, admissionis; compare French admission. See admit.

(law) Acquiescence or concurrence in a statement made by another, and distinguishable from a confession in that an admission presupposes prior inquiry by another, but a confession may be made without such inquiry.

признание

(law) acquiescence or concurrence in a statement made by another

(British, ecclesiastical law) Declaration of the bishop that he approves of the presentee as a fit person to serve the cure of the church to which he is presented.


same

From Middle English same, from Old Norse samr (“same”) and/or Old English same, sama (“same”) in the phrase swā same (swā) (“in like manner, in the same way (as)”), both from Proto-Germanic *samaz (“same”), from Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same”). Doublet of -some.
Cognate with Scots samin (“same, like, together”), Dutch samen (“together”), Danish samme (“same”), Swedish samma (“same”), Norwegian Bokmål samme (“same”), Norwegian Nynorsk same (“same”), Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌰 (sama), a weak adjectival form, Ancient Greek ὁμός (homós, “same”), Old Irish som, Russian са́мый (sámyj), Sanskrit सम (samá), Persian هم (ham, “also, same”), Finnish sama (“same”), Estonian sama (“same”).

The question is his credibility or lack of same.

Light valve suspensions and films containing UV absorbers and light valves containing the same (title of US Patent 5,467,217)

Methods of selectively distributing data in a computer network and systems using the same (title of US Patent 7,191,208)

(formal, often law) It or them, without a connotation of similarity.


admittance

admittance (countable and uncountable, plural admittances)

(British, law) The act of giving possession of a copyhold estate.


shadow

shadow (countable and uncountable, plural shadows)

From Middle English schadowe, schadewe, schadwe (also schade > shade), from Old English sċeaduwe, sċeadwe, oblique form of sċeadu (“shadow, shade; darkness; protection”), from Proto-West Germanic *skadu, from Proto-Germanic *skadwaz (“shade, shadow”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃- (“darkness”).
Cognates:
Cognate with Scots scaddow, schaddow (“shadow”), Saterland Frisian Skaad (“shade, shadow”), Dutch schaduw (“shadow”), German Schatten (“shadow, shade”), Norwegian skodde (“fog, mist”), Irish scáth (“shadow”), Ancient Greek σκότος (skótos, “darkness, gloom”).

cog

(UK, law enforcement) A trainee, assigned to work with an experienced officer.


advancement

en-noun

advancement (countable and uncountable, plural advancements)

From Middle English avancement, Old French avancement. See advance.
Morphologically advance + -ment

(law) Property given, usually by a parent to a child, in advance of a future distribution.

voorschot op de erfenis

property given in advance of future distribution


murder

murder (countable and uncountable, plural murders)

From Middle English murder, murdre, mourdre, alteration of earlier murthre (“murder”) (see murther), from Old English morþor (“secret slaying, unlawful killing”) and Old English myrþra (“murder, homicide”), both from Proto-West Germanic *morþr, from Proto-Germanic *murþrą (“death, killing, murder”), from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥tro- (“killing”), from Proto-Indo-European *mer-, *mor-, *mr̥- (“to die”). Akin to Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐍂 (maurþr, “murder”), Old High German mord (“murder”), Old Norse morð (“murder”), Old English myrþrian (“to murder”) and morþ.
The -d- in the Middle English form may have been influenced in part by Anglo-Norman murdre, from Old French murdre, from Medieval Latin murdrum (whence the English doublet of murdrum), from Frankish *morþr, *murþr (“murder”), from the same Germanic root, though this may also have been wholly the result of internal development (compare burden, from burthen).
(crows): Attested at least since 1475.

inh

(uncountable) The crime of killing a person unlawfully, especially with predetermination.

(uncountable, law, in jurisdictions which use the felony murder rule) The act of committing or abetting a crime that results in the killing of a person, regardless of intent, and even if the committer or abettor is not the one who killed the person: felony murder.


murder

en-verb

murder (third-person singular simple present murders, present participle murdering, simple past and past participle murdered)

murders (present singular third-person)
murdering (participle present)
murdered (participle past)
murdered (past)

The woman found dead in her kitchen was murdered by her husband.

In the meane time it chaunced, that Marcus Papyrius ſtroke one of the Galles on the heade with his ſtaffe, because he preſumed to ſtroke his bearde: with whiche iniurie the Gaulle beeing prouoked, ſlue Papyrius (as he ſate) with hys ſworde, and therewith the ſlaughter being begun with one, all the reſidue of thoſe auncient fatherly men as they ſat in theyr Chayres were ſlaine and cruelly murthered.

1577, Raphaell Holinshed, “The Historie of Englande”, in The Firste Volume of the Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande […], volume I, London: […] [Henry Bynneman] for Iohn Harrison, →OCLC, page 26, columns 1–2:

To illegally kill (a person or persons) with intent, especially with predetermination


discover

discover (third-person singular simple present discovers, present participle discovering, simple past and past participle discovered)

discovers (present singular third-person)
discovering (participle present)
discovered (participle past)
discovered (past)

conceal

antonym(s) of “expose something previously covered”

From Middle English discoveren, from Old French descovrir, from Late Latin discoperīre < discooperiō, discooperīre, from Latin dis- + cooperiō. Displaced native Old English onfindan.

Indeed, the plaintiffs suggest that they may not need to call Ms. Samji at all if they are allowed to discover the defendant on the new documents before any new trial takes place.

2019 July 2, Ward K. Branch, “Gordon v. Canada, 2017 FC 454”, in CanLII, retrieved 2021-04-13:

(law, transitive) To question (a person) as part of discovery in a lawsuit.


acting

en-noun

acting (countable and uncountable, plural actings)

(countable, law) Something done by a party—so called to avoid confusion with the legal senses of deed and action.


ticket

→ Assamese: টিকট (tikot)

desc

→ Bengali: টিকিট (ṭikiṭ), টিকট (ṭikoṭ), টিকেট (ṭikeṭ) — anglicized pronunciation

→ Catalan: tiquet

→ Dhivehi: ޓިކެޓް (ṭikeṭ)

→ Dutch: ticket
→ Indonesian: tiket

→ French: ticket

→ German: Ticket

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: टिकट (ṭikaṭ)

Urdu: ٹکٹ (ṭikaṭ)

→ Irish: ticéad

→ Italian: ticket

→ Japanese: チケット (chiketto)

→ Korean: 티켓 (tiket)

→ Malay: tiket

→ Maori: tīketi

→ Marathi: तिकीट (tikīṭ)

→ Nepali: टिकट (ṭikaṭ)

→ Odia: ଟିକଟ (ṭikaṭa)

→ Portuguese: tíquete

→ Scottish Gaelic: tiogaid

→ Serbo-Croatian: тикет (tiket)

→ Spanish: ticket, tique, tiquete

→ Tagalog: tiket

→ Tamil: டிக்கட்டு (ṭikkaṭṭu)

→ Tamil: டிக்கட்டு (ṭikkaṭṭu)

→ Tibetan: ཏི་ཀ་སི (ti ka si, “postage stamp”)

→ Tok Pisin: tiket

From Middle English ticket, from Middle French etiquet m, estiquet m, and etiquette f, estiquette f (“a bill, note, label, ticket”), from Old French estechier, estichier, estequier (“to attach, stick”), (compare Picard estiquier (“to stick, pierce”)), from Frankish *stikkjan, *stekan (“to stick, pierce, sting”), from Proto-Germanic *stikaną, *stikōną, *staikijaną (“to be sharp, pierce, prick”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to be sharp, to stab”). Doublet of etiquette. More at stick.

der

Ticket in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

[…] I need a ticket, Bobby.” Agnor knew a ticket meant a search warrant.

1999, Doug Most, Always in Our Hearts, page 148:


aggravated

en-adj

aggravated (comparative more aggravated, superlative most aggravated)

more aggravated (comparative)
most aggravated (superlative)

/ˈæɡ.ɹə.veɪ̯tɪd/

(criminology) Of or characterized by factors that increase the heinousness or offensiveness of the criminal offense.


aggrieved

aggrieved (comparative more aggrieved, superlative most aggrieved)

more aggrieved (comparative)
most aggrieved (superlative)

The aggrieved person may present their petition to the court for review.

(law) Having one's rights denied or curtailed.


administration

en-noun

administration (usually uncountable, plural administrations)

/ədˌmɪnəˈstɹeɪʃən/

From Middle English administracioun, from Old French administration, from Latin administratio, from administrare; see administer; compare French administration.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

The company went into voluntary administration last week.

The other ambitions, and much of Prescott's plan, foundered just south of Hatfield that October, when a GNER express derailed on a shattered rail […], plunging the railway into a crisis that led to private track owner Railtrack being put into administration.

2024 September 4, Philip Haigh, “Can public-private partnerships be made to deliver?”, in RAIL, number 1017, page 52:

(uncountable, law, UK) An arrangement whereby an insolvent company can continue trading under supervision.


allotment

allotment (countable and uncountable, plural allotments)

From Old French alotement (modern French allotement).

Maynard used to help before he got sick, but there was no income except what I brought in my allotment.

2013, Maxine Holsinger, The Life of Maxine Holsinger:

(law) The allowance of a specific amount of money or other credit of a particular thing to a particular person.

betoelaging

law: the allowance of a specific amount of money or other credit of a particular thing to a particular person


tender

From Middle English tendren, from Old French tendre (“stretch out”).

We will submit our tender to you within the week.

(law) A formal offer to buy or sell something.


administrator

Borrowed from Latin administrātor (literally “he that is near to attend”). Doublet of administrador.

bor

(law) A person who manages or settles the estate of an intestate, or of a testator when there is no competent executor; one to whom the right of administration has been committed by competent authority

опеку́н

law: one to whom the right of administration has been committed


exclude

en-verb

exclude (third-person singular simple present excludes, present participle excluding, simple past and past participle excluded)

excludes (present singular third-person)
excluding (participle present)
excluded (participle past)
excluded (past)

Borrowed from Latin exclūdō, from prefix ex- (“out”) + variant form of verb claudō (“close”).

(transitive, law) To refuse to accept (evidence) as valid.

отхвърлям

law: to refuse to accept (evidence) as valid


instrument

From Middle English instrument, from Old French instrument, from Latin īnstrūmentum (“an implement, tool”),
From īnstruō (“build, construct; arrange”) + -mentum.

suffix

A bond indenture is the instrument that gives a bond its value.

Negotiable instruments are the foundation of the debt markets.

(law) A legal document, such as a contract, deed, trust, mortgage, power, indenture, or will.


advise

en-verb

advise (third-person singular simple present advises, present participle advising, simple past and past participle advised)

advises (present singular third-person)
advising (participle present)
advised (participle past)
advised (past)
advise (infinitive)

From Middle English avisen (“to perceive, consider, inform”), from Old French aviser, from avis, or from Late Latin advisō, from ad + visō, from Latin videō (“to see”), visum (“past participle of videō”). See also advice.

inh

(Scots law) To deliver judgment after a case has been reserved for further consideration.


diversion

en-noun

diversion (countable and uncountable, plural diversions)

/daɪˈvɜːʃən/

/daɪˈvɜːʒən/

From French diversion, from Medieval Latin diversiō, from Latin divertō (“to divert”); see divert.

(law) Officially halting or suspending a formal criminal or juvenile justice proceeding and referral of the accused person to a treatment or care program.


amendment

amendment (countable and uncountable, plural amendments)

From French amendement, from Late Latin amendamentum, equivalent to amend + -ment.

(law) Correction of an error in a writ or process.


tale

From Middle English tale, from Old English talu (“tale, series, calculation”), from Proto-West Germanic *talu, from Proto-Germanic *talō (“calculation, number”), from Proto-Indo-European *del- (“to reckon, count”).
Cognate with West Frisian taal (“speech, language”), Dutch taal (“language, speech”), German Zahl (“number, figure”), Danish tale (“speech”), Icelandic tala (“speech, talk, discourse, number, figure”), Latin dolus (“guile, deceit, fraud”), Ancient Greek δόλος (dólos, “wile, bait”), Albanian ndjell (“to lure”), Northern Kurdish til (“finger”), Old Armenian տող (toł, “row”). Related to tell, talk.


intent

en-noun

intent (countable and uncountable, plural intents)

Existing since Middle English entente, from Old French entent or entente, ultimately from Latin intentus. Modified later in spelling to align more closely with the Latin word. Compare intention.

(law) The state of someone’s mind at the time of committing an offence.


aid

aid (countable and uncountable, plural aids)

From Middle English aide, eide, ayde, from Old French eide, aide, from aidier, from Latin adiūtō, adiūtāre (“to assist, help”). Cognates include Spanish ayuda, Portuguese ajuda and Italian aiuto.

aide

aide-de-camp; obsolete except in sense of

(countable, law) A pecuniary tribute paid by a vassal to his feudal lord on special occasions.


allow

en-verb

allow (third-person singular simple present allows, present participle allowing, simple past and past participle allowed)

allows (present singular third-person)
allowing (participle present)
allowed (participle past)
allowed (past)
allow (infinitive)

From Middle English allowen, alowen, a borrowing from Anglo-Norman allouer, alouer, from Medieval Latin allaudāre, present active infinitive of allaudō, merged with alouer, from Medieval Latin allocō (“to assign”). Doublet of allaud (via allaudāre) or allocate (via allocāre).
The similarity with Middle English alyfen (from Old English ālīefan) and German erlauben, both from Proto-Germanic *uzlaubijaną (“to allow”) is coincidental.

cog

to allow an objection ― to find in favour of the objection and forbid the conduct objected to

to allow an appeal ― to decide the appeal in favour of the appellant (contrast grant leave to appeal, to permit an appeal to be heard)

(law, transitive) To decide (a request) in favour of the party who raised it; to grant victory to a party regarding (a request).


stuffing

en-noun

stuffing (countable and uncountable, plural stuffings)

(US, finance, law) A tax loophole whereby a corporation acquires property that will result in a loss of revenue, purely in order to reduce its tax liability.


altercation

altercation (countable and uncountable, plural altercations)

/ˌɔːltəˈkeɪʃn̩/

/ˌɔltɚˈkeɪʃən/

/ˌɑltɚˈkeɪʃən/

From Late Middle English altercacioun (“quarrelling, wrangling; argument or discussion about a controversy, debate, disputation; argument advanced during a disputation”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman altercacion, altercacione, altercacioun, Middle French altercacion, altercation, and Old French altercation (“quarrelling, wrangling; debate, disputation; question and answer in a law court”) (modern French altercation), and from its etymon Latin altercātiōnem, the accusative singular of altercātiō (“altercation, dispute; argument, debate; question and answer in a law court”), from altercātus (“argued”) + -iō (suffix forming abstract nouns from verbs). Altercātus is the perfect active participle of altercor (“to have a discussion or difference with another, argue, dispute, quarrel, wrangle; to contend, struggle; to put questions to someone in a law court”), from alter (“the other”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“other”)) + -icō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs, sometimes with a frequentative sense)
cognates
* Catalan altercació
* Italian altercazione
* Occitan altercatio, altercassion
* Portuguese altercação
* Spanish altercación

nb...

altercacion, altercacione, altercacioun, altercacyon, altircacioune, altricacioun

der

The vvhole of this proceſs is denominated the pleading; in the ſeveral ſtages of vvhich it muſt be carefully obſerved, not to depart or vary from the title or defence, vvhich the party has once inſiſted on. For this (vvhich is called a departure in pleading) might occaſion endleſs altercation.

1768, William Blackstone, “Of Pleading”, in Commentaries on the Laws of England, book III (Of Private Wrongs), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 310:

(countable, law, historical) An act of posing questions to, and obtaining answers from, a witness in a court of law.

審判

(countable) act of posing questions to, and obtaining answers from, a witness in a court of law


alibi

From the 18th century, from Latin alibī (“elsewhere, at another place”, adverb). Probably after French alibi, which has this use since the late 14th century.

bor

to set up an alibi

to prove an alibi

Alibi is different from all of the other defenses . . . it is based upon the premise that the defendant is truly innocent.

(law) The plea or mode of defense under which a person on trial for a crime proves or attempts to prove being in another place when the alleged act was committed.

現場不在証明

げんじょうふざいしょうめい


passport

en-verb

passport (third-person singular simple present passports, present participle passporting, simple past and past participle passported)

passports (present singular third-person)
passporting (participle present)
passported (participle past)
passported (past)

From French passeport, from passer (“pass”) + port (“port”). Compare portpass. Equivalent to pass + port.

Did we not pass an Act last year which passported the money directly through to the schools and gave local authorities very little discretion?

2002, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords, The Parliamentary Debates (Hansard).: House of Lords official report:

They are talking about whether the money that goes into district councils ends up getting passported through to the operators through concessionary fares.

2011, Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Transport Committee, Bus services after the Spending Review:

To regulate how money given to a local authority must be spent.


agree

agree (third-person singular simple present agrees, present participle agreeing, simple past and past participle agreed)

agrees (present singular third-person)
agreeing (participle present)
agreed (participle past)
agreed (past)

From Middle English agreen, from Old French agreer (“to accept or receive kindly”), from a gré (“favorably”), from Latin ad (“to”) + gratum (“pleasing”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (“to welcome, greet, praise”).

der

(intransitive, law) To consent to a contract or to an element of a contract.


walk

en-verb

walk (third-person singular simple present walks, present participle walking, simple past and past participle walked)

walks (present singular third-person)
walking (participle present)
walked (participle past)
walked (past)
walk (infinitive)

Chinese Pidgin English: walkee

From Middle English walken (“to move, walk, roll, turn, revolve, toss”), a conflation of Old English wealcan (“to move round, revolve, roll, turn, toss”) (ġewealcan (“to go, traverse”)) and Old English wealcian (“to curl, roll up”); both from Proto-West Germanic *walkan, from Proto-Germanic *walkaną, *walkōną (“to twist, turn, roll about, full”), from Proto-Indo-European *walg- (“to twist, turn, move”).
Cognate with Scots walk (“to walk”), Saterland Frisian walkje (“to full; drum; flex; mill”), West Frisian swalkje (“to wander, roam”), Dutch walken (“to full, work hair or felt”), Dutch zwalken (“to wander about”), German walken (“to flex, full, mill, drum”), Danish valke (“to waulk, full”), Latin valgus (“bandy-legged, bow-legged”), Sanskrit वल्गति (valgati, “amble, bound, leap, dance”). More at vagrant and whelk. Doublet of waulk.

cog

If you can’t present a better case, that robber is going to walk.

(intransitive, colloquial, law) To "walk free", i.e. to win, or avoid, a criminal court case, particularly when actually guilty.

gå fri

colloquial: to avoid a criminal court case


trap

en-noun

trap (countable and uncountable, plural traps)

From Middle English trappe, from Old English træppe, treppe (“trap, snare”) (also in betræppan (“to trap”)) from Proto-West Germanic *trappjā (“trap, snare”), from Proto-West Germanic *trappjan (“to step”), from Proto-Germanic *trapjaną (“to tread, stamp”), from Proto-Indo-European *drebʰ- (“to step, trip, trample”).
Cognate with Dutch trap (“trap, snare”), German Low German Trapp (“trap”). Akin also to West Frisian traap (“stepping, treading, stairway”), German Treppe (“step, stair”), Old English træppan (“to step, tread”). Connection to "step" is "that upon which one steps". French trappe and Spanish trampa are ultimately borrowings from Germanic.

cog

trap street

(by extension, cartography, law, technical) A (usually fictional) location or feature originally added to a map to detect plagiarism and copyright violations by other map makers or map services.


convention

en-noun

convention (countable and uncountable, plural conventions)

Recorded since about 1440, borrowed from Middle French convention, from Latin conventiō (“meeting, assembling; agreement, convention”), from conveniō (“come, gather or meet together, assemble”), from con- (“with, together”) + veniō (“come”).

der

The Vienna convention at the Vienna Congress (1814-15) standardized most of diplomatic conduct for generations.

(international law) A treaty or supplement to such.


stale

en-adj

stale (comparative staler, superlative stalest)

staler (comparative)
stalest (superlative)

From Middle English stale, from Old French estale (“settled, clear”), but probably originally from Proto-Germanic *stāną (“to stand”): compare West Flemish stel in the same sense for ‘beer’ and ‘urine’.

a stale affidavit

a stale demand

The jury will rarely give credit to a stale complaint.

1769, William Blackstone, Common Laws of England, IV xv 211:

(law) Unreasonably long in coming, in reference to claims and actions.


stale

From Middle English stale (“bird used as a decoy”), probably from uncommon Anglo-Norman estale (“pigeon used to lure hawks”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic, probably *standaną (“to stand”). Compare Old English stælhran (“decoy reindeer”) and Northumbrian stællo (“catching fish”).

der

Their mynisters, be false bretherne or false sustern, stales of the deuyll.

1526, W. Bonde, Pylgrimage of Perfection, section III:

This is Captain Whibble, the Towne stale, For all cheating imployments.

(crime, obsolete) An accomplice of a thief or criminal acting as bait.

Spare not to tell him, that he hath wronged his honor in marrying the renowned Claudio...to a contaminated stale.

1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii], line 23:

But to be leaft for such a one as she, The stale of all, what will folke thinke of me?

...detesting as he said the insatiable impudency of a prostitute Stale.

c. 1641, Ralph Montagu, Acts & Monuments, section 265:

(crime, obsolete) A prostitute of the lowest sort; any wanton woman.


register

en-verb

register (third-person singular simple present registers, present participle registering, simple past and past participle registered)

registers (present singular third-person)
registering (participle present)
registered (participle past)
registered (past)

/ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪs.tə/

/ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪs.tɚ/

From Medieval Latin registrum, from Late Latin regesta (“list, items recorded”), from Latin regerō (“to record, to carry back”), from re- + gerō (“to carry, bear”). Compare Latin registoria (“a treasurer”). Some senses influenced by association with unrelated Latin regō (“to rule”).

der

(law) To voluntarily sign over for safe keeping, abandoning complete ownership for partial.