literary executor

literary executor (plural literary executors)

Albert Bigelow Paine, his biographer to be and literary executor, who has been constantly with him, said that for the last year at least Mr. Clemens had been weary of life. When Richard Watson Gilder died, he said: "How fortunate he is. No good fortune of that kind ever comes to me."

1910 April 22, “Mark Twain is Dead at 74”, in New York Times:

(law) A person acting on behalf of beneficiaries (e.g. family members, a designated charity, a research library or archive) under the author's will.


pay-to-stay

But despite improvements, Mr Baruch says some complaints persist. “Pay to stay [cash to secure shelf space] is front and centre of the complaints we receive — it’s supply chain bullying and anti-competitive. They shouldn’t try to create barriers to business — it’s fundamentally unfair, particularly at a time when small business confidence is at an all-time low.”

2016 August 21, Paul McClean, “Supermarkets and suppliers take stock of relationships”, in Financial Times:

(business) The practice where retailers charge manufacturers a slotting fee to place their products on the shelves of stores.

(US) A scheme where prison inmates are charged for their accommodation (meals, clothing etc.) while in prison.

In what is commonly called “pay-to-stay” or “private jail,” a constellation of small city jails — at least 26 of them in Los Angeles and Orange counties — open their doors to defendants who can afford the option. […] The region’s pay-to-stay jails took in nearly $7 million from the programs from 2011 through 2015, according to revenue figures provided by the cities.

2017 March 9, Alysia Santo, Victoria Kim, Anna Flagg, “Upgrade your jail cell – for a price”, in Los Angeles Times:

(US) A scheme where prisoners can pay to be moved to a more desirable prison.

In 1979, 42% of Britons lived in council homes. Today that figure is just under 8%. Now, by scrapping secure tenancies and bringing in a pay-to-stay scheme, the government’s new housing bill could mark the end of a century-old dream[.]

2016 January 4, John Harris, “The end of council housing”, in The Guardian:

Under the so-called “pay to stay” plans, families or individuals with a total annual income of £30,000 outside London or £40,000 in the capital will have to pay rents “at market or near-market levels”.

2016 March 23, Nigel Morris, “Pay to stay: Moves to impose increases on rents paid by better-off council tenants set to be thrown out by peers”, in The Independent:

(UK) A United Kingdom government policy, due to come into effect in April 2017 but never implemented, whereby council tenants earning £30,000 (£40,000 in London) would have to pay "market or near market rents".


purple judge

So called because in most cases their dress code would include a purple or lilac robe or sash or tippet of some kind.

The criminal defendant sees a difference between a 'red judge' and a purple judge.

2012, David Kelly, Gary Slapper, Sourcebook on English Legal System, page 174:


red judge

So called because in most cases their dress code would include a red robe or sash or tippet of some kind.

The fact is that ever since the piece appeared in The Times about Leonard being appointed to the High Court bench and becoming a Red Judge, things have been more than a little slow.

2006, John Mortimer, chapter 26, in Rumpole and the Reign of Terror:


Gillick competence

Based on the 1985 decision of the House of Lords in Gillick v West Norfolk and Wisbech Area Health Authority.

(UK, law) The capacity of a child to consent to medical treatment without parental permission or knowledge.


summary dismissal

en-noun

summary dismissal (countable and uncountable, plural summary dismissals)

(law) A determination by a court that no relevant factual issues are being presented, that the case to be decided has no basis, and so cannot be allowed to proceed.


OTS

The chancellor has asked the Office of Tax Simplification (OTS) to report on how CGT rates compare with other taxes, and how the present rules may distort behaviour. […] The OTS is likely to consider a lot of tinkering around the edges.

2020 July 15, Patrick Collinson, “Capital gains tax review: your questions answered”, in The Guardian:

Office of Tax Simplification
w:Office of Tax Simplification

(UK, taxation) Initialism of Office of Tax Simplification.


lawcode

(law) A body of law that is sanctioned by legislation.


boedelscheiding

(South Africa, law) The division of an estate.


polac

An accident involving a police car is known as a 'polac', and is investigated 'independently' by the area traffic department rather than by the division to which the driver belongs.

1990, Robert Chesshyre, Force: Inside the Police, Pan Macmillan, →ISBN:

Before getting out of his van, he sent out a Polac (police accident) bulletin on his radio.

2001 February 12, John Sutherland, The Guardian:

Two weeks in my opinion cant surely be enough.¶ Oh well, whatever saves money. (they way to stop Polacs is apparently to create an initial phase pursuit course (1 to 2 days)! mmmm I think perhaps the way might be to stop decreasing the length of the course and to give drivers some appropriate vehicles, but thats another thread!

2007 January 2, magoo, “Standard Driving Test for Special Constables”, in Police Community, archived from the original on 2021-02-05, Roads Policing:

(UK, law enforcement) A road-traffic accident that occurs due to presence of a police vehicle.


POLAC

I doubt that the organisation is going to be terribly concerned that you arrive at that call thirty seconds later than you would have done otherwise but can be pretty sure that they would have something to say had you smashed up your police car on the way there. I doubt also that CPS would be satisfied with the defence of '...It was my first night duty … and I was rather tired...' after your high profile POLAC gets splashed all over the national newspapers and television news.

2019, Darren Moor, How To Survive Your Police Career, Troubador Publishing, →ISBN:

And it really brought it home to me when I was involved in my own POLAC (police accident) in March 2012.

2015 January 14, Jessica Davies, “Pc moved into office role 'after telling bosses blue-flashing lights on police cars don't work'”, in The Telegraph:

First, a woman goes missing, and leaves her things and a mysterious note in her car. Now a POLAC with a DCI in the passenger seat.

2015, Martin Edwards, The Dungeon House, Allison & Busby, →ISBN:

When you have an at fault POLAC on camera!

2018 February 1, StopFightingTheDog, “That moment you have a POLAC . . . in the middle of the day in town . . . whilst being recorded for a television programme”, in Reddit, r/PoliceUK:

(UK, law enforcement) Alternative letter-case form of polac


POLAC

(Nigeria, law enforcement) The Police Academy of Nigeria.


habitualize

en-verb

habitualize (third-person singular simple present habitualizes, present participle habitualizing, simple past and past participle habitualized)

habitualizes (present singular third-person)
habitualizing (participle present)
habitualized (participle past)
habitualized (past)

Third, in all but two circuits [those encompassing Miami and Sarasota], the habitual offender sanctions are much more likely to be used against black offenders than non-black offenders, even after adjusting for prior record, the nature of the current offense and a variety of other factors that might have a bearing on the decision to habitualize.

2019, Marc L. Miller, Ronald F. Wright, Criminal Procedures: Prosecution and Adjudication, page 152:

(US, law) To classify as a habitual offender (which has implications for sentencing).


legislative process

en-noun

legislative process (plural legislative processes)

(law) The stages a bill must go through before it becomes law.


mute of malice

(law) Of a defendant: deliberately refusing to enter a plea.


flying freehold

flying freehold (plural flying freeholds)

From the idea that the "ground" on which the freehold estate stands is above the actual ground, and hence that the freehold is flying.

These flying freehold rights are more trouble than they are worth because all sorts of complicated covenants and easements have to be confirmed to ensure that there are no doubts over who is responsible for roof repairs and to guarantee that there are no arguments over access.

1994, Justice of the Peace & Local Government Law:

We have made a modification whereby we have 'taken' part of the loft of one to give to next door (this enables us to gain easy access to loft space and therefore create another bedroom). This now protrudes over next door by about 5ft. I understand this has created a situation known as 'flying freehold', which apparently makes a property difficult to sell and to mortgage.

2004, Sarah O'Grady, The Complete Guide to Buying and Selling Property:

This approach to the freehold estate seems, however, to be an unnecessary complication and it has been pointed out for centuries that there is no real justification for the view that there is some difficulty involved in creating a flying freehold.

2018, Judith-Anne MacKenzie, Aruna Nair, Textbook on Land Law, page 618:

(law, UK) The freehold of property in an upper storey above a lower storey that belongs to a different freehold; the converse of creeping freehold.


abatement ab initio

(law) A common law legal doctrine stating that the death of a defendant who is appealing a criminal conviction vacates the conviction.


alienation of affection

An action for alienation of affection by enticing away does not lie against one who has not enticed the abandoning spouse away, or who has not by his wrongful conduct brought about or contributed to the estrangement, and hence it does not lie where the abandoning spouse acts of his or her free will and without inducement by a third person.

1993, J. Cezar S. Sangco, Philippine Law on Torts and Damages - Volume 2, page 838:

The first four points relate to the trial court's dismissal of Mr. Thornburg's claim against the defendants for alienation of affection.

2007, Philip Chase, 25 Doctrines of Law You Should Know, page 23:

In the concept “alienation of affection” there is a third party involved; but alienation may occur without such personal intervention; it may be brought on by any conflicting interest.

2013, Albert Ellis, Albert Abarbanel, The Encyclopædia of Sexual Behaviour - Volume 2, page 926:

(law) Estrangement or loss of affection between two people who have a claim on each other's affections (such as two spouses or a parent and child) that is willfully caused by interference from a third party.


stick on

en-verb

stick on (third-person singular simple present sticks someone on, present participle sticking someone on, simple past and past participle stuck someone on)

sticks someone on (present singular third-person)
sticking someone on (participle present)
stuck someone on (participle past)
stuck someone on (past)

[…] took him to the nick, stuck him on, and he spent the night in the flowery.

1931, The Police Journal, volume 4, page 501:

You can be stuck on for anything from serious misconduct to minor infringements of the police's absurdly draconian and catch-all disciplinary codes, which make it possible for a senior officer with a grudge against a junior to stick him on for almost anything. For example, the PC may have been caught slipping unobtrusively into a restaurant or pub on his ground to scrounge […] a drink or a meal.

1995, Verbatim, volume 22, number 3, page 13:

But because you're under pressure for numbers and it looks good on your report that you done x number of processes, you can't come in and say 'Well, I didn't stick him on because I felt that it was a better result just to tell him off.'

quoted in 2005, Mike McConville, Dan Shepherd, Watching Police, Watching Communities (page 200)

(transitive, UK, law enforcement, slang) To charge (someone) with an offence.


strike suit

(law) A lawsuit of questionable merit brought in the hope of gaining a private settlement, before going to court, that would be less than the defendant's legal costs.


danger in delay

(law) One of two conditions which must be asserted in an action to obtain a protective order or injunction to be granted and relief sought (the other condition being fumus boni iuris).


pseudo-legality

Isser Woloch sees this as one questionable episode in the public life of modern France, 'a nation where coups clothed in pseudo-legality have repeatedly changed the rules of the game'.

2003, Geoffrey Ellis, The Napoleonic Empire:

Many executions by the military rebels were given a veneer of pseudo-legality by trials, although they were effectively little different from extra-judicial murder.

2012, Paul Preston, The Spanish Holocaust:

Will it not also be obvious 'pseudo-legality' to have that which seeks to legitimize itself in order to defend intransigently a mechanism prepared to assure voting by the illiterates, prohibited by law?

2014, John W. F. Dulles, Unrest in Brazil: Political-Military Crises 1955-1964:


gate fever

(colloquial) The anxious excitement felt by a prisoner whose release is imminent.


gate-happy

en-adj

gate-happy (comparative more gate-happy, superlative most gate-happy)

more gate-happy (comparative)
most gate-happy (superlative)

(colloquial) Excited about one's imminent release from prison.


gas meter bandit

en-noun

gas meter bandit (plural gas meter bandits)

We might not have had that much to pinch, but they'd still have your brass candlesticks off the mantelpiece. There's always wrong 'uns, in every walk of life, who'll have whatever you've got from under your nose. Bloody gas-meter bandits, […]

2000, Gilda O'Neill, My East End: Memories of Life in Cockney London:

At the lowest end of the scale are petty criminals, shoplifters, sneak thieves, joyriders, muggers (or 'street robbers', as they are now called) and gas-meter bandits. Up a step are burglars, car thieves, fraudsters and drug dealers.

Fucking gas-meter bandits, thought Billy. Some fucking gang. I'm stuck with a couple of gas-meter bandits. Stan and his nagging missus. His non-existent job that he's never late for.

(chiefly British, slang) A small-time thief.


for and on behalf of

(law) Acting for; acting as an agent of.


dawn raid

(law enforcement) An early-morning visit by police or law enforcement with the intention of taking the suspects by surprise.


harman

Harman is a common compound in several foods, plants and beverages. Numerous studies have demonstrated its mutagenic, co-mutagenic and carcinogenic effects; however, the exact mechanism has not been fully identified.

2010, El Gendy MA, El-Kadi AO, Harman induces CYP1A1 enzyme through an aryl hydrocarbon receptor mechanism., Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, page 55

(organic chemistry) An indole alkaloid, 1-methyl-9H-β-carboline (C12H10N2) found in several foods, plants and beverages which is carcinogen. It is a specific, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A.


petit serjeanty

(law, historical) A kind of land tenure requiring serjeanty (i.e. personal service other than military service) to a mesne lord rather than the king or a lord paramount.


grand serjeanty

(law, historical) A kind of land tenure by serjeanty (i.e., requiring personal service other than military service) direct from a lord paramount, typically the king.


debt obligation

debt obligation (countable and uncountable, plural debt obligations)

(law) A duty by which a party to an agreement is legally bound to pay the maturity of a debt at a time and in a manner as is stipulated within a given contract or promissory note.


zygnomic

en-adj

zygnomic (comparative more zygnomic, superlative most zygnomic)

more zygnomic (comparative)
most zygnomic (superlative)

Coined by Robert L. Kocourek as zyg- + -nomic

A mesonomic relation is that kind of legal relation which in a jural series may result in the creation, alteration, or destruction of a zygnomic relation.

1932, Illinois Law Review - Volume 26, page 860:

In Kocourek's terminology, therefore, the offer is the exercise of a "mesonomic" power — not totally outside the law ("anomic") nor already coercive ("zygnomic"), but potentially capable of becoming coercive.

1939, Roscoe Pound, Nathan Isaacs, William Waite Beardsley, The National Law Library: Property, page 22:

Legally this power was recognized (was made a zygnomic power) (') by revolutionary governments to be exercised against their enemies.

1971, Revista del Colegio de Abogados de Puerto Rico, page 235:

. In Professor Kocourek's newer terminology the claim descends from the zygnomic to the mesonomic plane on the running of the Statute.

2020, Sovereignty Education and Defense Ministry (SEDM), Legal Fictions, Form #09.071, page 50:


PIT maneuver

(law enforcement, automotive) A technique in which a pursuing car bumps the rear fender of a pursued car, causing it to spin out, in order to terminate a car chase.


Ponsonby Rule

Named after British politician and legislator Arthur Ponsonby, 1st Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede.

named-after

(UK politics) A constitutional convention (which acquired legal force in 2010) dictating that most international treaties had to be laid before Parliament 21 days before ratification.


Negative Commerce Clause

Dormant Commerce Clause
Dormant Commerce Clause#English

(US, law) Synonym of Dormant Commerce Clause


Commerce Clause

(US, law) A clause in the United States Constitution stating that Congress shall have the power "[t]o regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes."


intermediate scrutiny

(law) A standard for judicial review, according to which a law must have been enacted to further a compelling governmental interest and have been narrowly tailored to achieve that interest.


Dormant Commerce Clause

(US, law) A legal doctrine inferred from the Commerce Clause that prohibits states from discriminating against interstate or international commerce.


rational basis review

(law) A standard for judicial review, according to which a law must be rationally related to a legitimate state interest.


narrow tailoring

en-noun

narrow tailoring (plural narrow tailorings)

(law) The legal principle that a law must be written specifically and narrowly only to accomplish the state's intended goals.


prophylactic rule

prophylactic rule (plural prophylactic rules)

(law) A judge-made rule that overprotects a constitutional right in order to safeguard that right or facilitate detection of violations of it.


tax shift

(economics) a change in taxation that eliminates or reduces some taxes and establishes or increases others, thereby keeping the overall revenue the same


anticanon

(chiefly US, law) a legal text that is now viewed as wrongly decided


blue pencil doctrine

blue pencil doctrine (plural blue pencil doctrines)

From the act of editing written copy with a blue pencil.

(law) A legal concept where a court finds that portions of a contract are unenforceable, but other portions of the contract are enforceable.


loose constructionism

loose constructionism (plural loose constructionisms)

(chiefly US, law) the legal philosophy that the Constitution should be read in a broad way that adapts to the changing times


living tree doctrine

(Canada, law) A doctrine of constitutional interpretation according to which the constitution must be read in a broad and progressive way so as to adapt it to the changing times.


loose construction

loose construction (plural loose constructions)

(chiefly US, law) a broad interpretation of the Constitution, especially one strays from literal, textualist meaning and adapts to evolving circumstances


living constitution

living constitution (plural living constitutions)

(chiefly US, law) the claim that the Constitution holds a dynamic meaning that evolves to new circumstances and should be understood in accordance with the needs and views of society


thin skull rule

thin skull rule (plural thin skull rules)


eggshell rule

(law) The common-law rule according to which the unexpected frailty of an injured person is not a valid defense to the seriousness of any injury caused to them.


crumbling skull rule

crumbling skull rule (plural crumbling skull rules)

(law) a common-law rule according to which a defendant is not liable for the plaintiff's conditions or injuries that predate the tort, except to the degree that the tort worsened or hastened that injury or condition


shopkeeper's privilege

(law) A law in the United States, according to which a shopkeeper can detain a suspected shoplifter on store property for a reasonable amount of time, as long as the shopkeeper has cause to believe that the detainee actually committed, or attempted to commit, theft of store property.


blind trust

(law) A trust set up so that the beneficiaries have no knowledge of the holdings of the trust, and no right to intervene in their handling.


dog handler

A person trained to handle a dog, especially a police dog or a K-9 unit in the military


court case

(law) a legal case to be resolved in a court


conscriptive

en-adj

conscriptive (comparative more conscriptive, superlative most conscriptive)

more conscriptive (comparative)
most conscriptive (superlative)

For example, statements made by the accused will be conscriptive. So too will blood samples, breath samples, pulled hairs, re-enactments of the crime, or even the act of standing in an identification lineup.

1999, David M. Paciocco, Getting away with murder: the Canadian criminal justice system:

In deciding what constitutes a fair trial, the court has relied heavily on a distinction between what it has labelled as "real" evidence and "conscriptive" evidence.

2002, Janet L. Hiebert, Charter Conflicts: What is Parliament's Role?, page 137:

The first stage requires courts to classify the evidence as either conscriptive or non-conscriptive. If the evidence is classified as conscriptive, the second stage then requires the party seeking to admit the evidence to prove on a balance of probabilities that the evidence could have been discovered by alternative, non-conscriptive means.

2002, Canadian criminal cases, page 248:

(law) Produced through the compulsory participation of the accused; violating the accused's right to avoid self-incrimination.


condonance

en-noun

condonance (countable and uncountable, plural condonances)


squatter's rights

squatter's rights pl (normally plural, singular squatter's right)


open and notorious

(law) A requisite condition of adverse possession stipulating that the disseisor's occupation of the property must be visible and provide reasonable (if tacit) notice to the disseisee.


government name

government name (plural government names)

One of the most prominent tribal chiefs of the South, the late Chief Jambo of the Moru tribe, once remarked, when he was asked by his tribe how he came to acquire the Muslim name of Ibrahim, that it was his 'government name'.

1981, Bona Malwal, People & power in Sudan: the struggle for national stability, page 60:

Operation Ivy was formed in Berkeley, California, during the summer of 1987 by guitarist Lint (who would become better known under his government name, Tim Armstrong), bassist Matt Freeman, drummer Dave Mello, and […]

2007, Matt Diehl, My So-Called Punk: Green Day, Fall Out Boy, The Distillers, Bad Religion---How Neo-Punk Stage-Dived Into the Mainstream, Macmillan, →ISBN, page 5:

“Excuse me, Mr. Prince!” No sooner had the officer called him by his government name than Pistol G had drawn his pistol. Eight words made him stop. “Mr. Rosalini would like to speak with you.” Prince couldn't believe what he'd just heard.

2012, Sherard H. Adams, The Prince of Pentium: A Life of a Hustler and a Computer Hacker, Trafford Publishing, →ISBN, page 123:

When the Neil-looking white dude answered the phone, Sam called him by his government name and said, “What's up, Benny? I haven't heard from you.”

2012, Main D, Mo Money Mo Power, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN, page 101:

Now, by no means is any rapper, performer or entertainer expected or obligated to build their career and perform under their government name. Many rappers and performers use names that are more catchy and clever-sounding […]

2019, Kolie Crutcher, Rick Ross, The 21 KEYS Of Success: Ridin’ With Rick, Kolie Crutcher, →ISBN, page 165:

One's (partial or full) legal name, as opposed to one's nickname or street name; one's government-recognized name.


alternative liability

(law) a legal doctrine that allows a plaintiff to shift the burden of proving causation of her injury to multiple defendants, even though only one of them could have been responsible


fireman's rule

(law) A common law rule in some jurisdictions where police officers, firefighters, and other professional rescuers cannot collect on damages that occur in the course of their duties even in cases of clear negligence by other parties.


baseball rule

(US, law) A common law rule according to which a baseball team cannot be held liable for injuries suffered by a spectator struck by a foul ball so long as the team has offered some protected seating.


lying in wait

(law) The act of hiding and waiting for someone with the intent to kill or inflict serious bodily harm to them.


rule of sevens

(law) A common law rule that establishes three age brackets for determining a juvenile's culpability for a tort or a crime.


stuff gown

The appointment of a stuff gown is a decided step towards a more efficient discharge of the duties of Law Adviser, and this is no small matter […]

1869, The Irish Law Times and Solicitors' Journal, volume 3, page 114:


rule of lenity

(law) A common law rule according to which an ambiguous criminal law should be interpreted in the way most favorable to the defendant.


last antecedent rule

(law) A doctrine of statutory interpretation according to which qualifying phrases attach and refer to only the last antecedent.


minor child

(law) A child below the age of majority, consent, &c.


orphan work

(copyright law) A copyright-protected work for which rightsholders are positively indeterminate or uncontactable.


UNFCCC

COP stands for conference of the parties under the UNFCCC, and the annual meetings have swung between fractious and soporific, interspersed with moments of high drama and the occasional triumph (the Paris agreement in 2015) and disaster (Copenhagen in 2009).

2019 December 2, Fiona Harvey, “Climate crisis: what is COP and can it save the world?”, in The Guardian:

w:United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

(law, climate change) Initialism of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.


open texture

Coined by Austrian philosopher Friedrich Waismann in 1945.

coin

(law) The phenomenon that legal rules are a function of language and are thus subject to attempts at definition of vague or interpretative terms.


open-textured

en-adj

open-textured (comparative more open-textured, superlative most open-textured)

more open-textured (comparative)
most open-textured (superlative)

Lacking any clear textual or historical definition of its own, the phrase "probable cause" is every bit as open-textured as these other terms of art and is every bit in need of sound analytical and doctrinal exposition.

March 30, 2020, Andrew Manuel Crespo, “Probable Cause Pluralism”, in Yale Law Journal, page 8:

(law) subject to constant attempts at ascribing a meaning, due to a legal rule's vagueness or multiple interpretations


libellary

libellary (comparative more libellary, superlative most libellary)

more libellary (comparative)
most libellary (superlative)

From Latin libellus (“petition”) + Latin adjective suffixes -aris and -arius.

Towards the end of the formulary period, during the libellary period and especially at the time of the Justinian compilation the word condictio conveyed a purely juridical notion and was equivalent to reptitio, repetere.

1942, South African Law Journal - Volume 59, page 16:

Chancery pleading and practice, like the Roman adjective law, in its third or libellary stage, were essentially unitary in character.

1954, The Catholic University of America Law Review - Volumes 4-5, page 90:

In 1930 Steinwenter, in a study devoted to the nature of commencement of trial (litis contestatio) in the so-called libellary procedure of the later Empire, made the first reference to P. Thead. 16 and P. Lips. 41 from a procedural point of view.

1974, David Daube, Alan Watson, Daube noster: essays in legal history for David Daube, page 194:

But we do find a general similarity between the English equity system and the Roman libellary procedure in the absence of a separate body for the trial of facts and hence the absence of emphasis upon the formation of an issue.

2008, John T. Cross, Leslie W. Abramson, Ellen E. Deason, Civil procedure: cases, problems and exercises, page 269:

(law) Pertaining to the Roman form of law in which the plaintiff files a formal petition.


UNCTAD

w:United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

(UN, international law) Initialism of United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.

UN; international law; UN; international law


RBP

(business, law) Initialism of restrictive business practice.


TRIM

(law) Acronym of trade-related investment measure.


ratione temporis

(law) By reason of time (for example, referring to the temporal scope of a law or of a court's jurisdiction).


neighbouring right

en-noun

neighbouring right (plural neighbouring rights)

(copyright law) Synonym of related right


related right

(copyright law, usually in the plural) A right of a creative work not connected with the work's actual author.


transmiss

From Latin trānsmissus, past participle of Latin trānsmittere.

... was presented to the House and read the first Time, and ordered to be read a second Time to-morrow Morning. Ordered, that a Committee be appointed to compare the Transmisses of the said Bills, with the Heads of the said Bills sent ...

1782, Ireland. Parliament. House of Commons, Journals of the House of Commons of the Kingdom of Ireland, page 261:

Prerogative, when any party shall require a transmiss to be made out for the Court of Appeal, ...

1832, Great Britain Parliament House of Commons, “COURTS OF JUSTICE, IRELAND. SUGGESTIONS AND REGULATIONS”, in Accounts and Papers of the House of Commons, volume 35, page 32:

Transmisses were the Bills sent by the King in Council to the Council Board in Ireland, as having the King's sanction to be debated and passed by the Parliament in Ireland.

1920, Robert Henry Murray, Ireland, 1494-1603, page 3:

They are in court-hand, like transmisses; but they have no writs & the membranes are connected, not at bottom, like transmisses, but at the side. We refer to them by the letter D.

1941, Irish Manuscripts Commission, Analecta Hibernica, page 162:

This document, known as a transmiss, was sent to the Irish council, and further transmisses, containing additional legislation, might be sent during the lifetime of the parliament. The transmisses were usually enrolled on the patent rolls of the ...

2002, Henry Fitz-Patrick Berry, James Morrissey, Statute Rolls of the Parliament of Ireland ...: Richard III - Henry VIII, Ireland:

(law, formal) A (version of a) bill or other document sent or transmitted to a council, court, or other body; a transmission.


transmiss

en-verb

transmiss (third-person singular simple present transmisses, present participle transmissing, simple past and past participle transmissed)

transmisses (present singular third-person)
transmissing (participle present)
transmissed (participle past)
transmissed (past)

Treaties transmissed by the President to the Senate for ratification […]

1890, United States. Congress House, ...Constitution of the United States: Jefferson's Manual, the Rules of the House of Representatives...and a Digest and Manual of the Rules and Practice of the House of Representatives.., page 188:

A data processor 10 makes data communication with other data processor via a loop line with a transmissing receiving circuit 39.

1984, Patents Abstracts of Japan: Unexamined Applications:

THE MODEL OF THE MEMBRANE SENSOR AS A DELAY LINE There is a possibility of modelling of the transmissing loss line in the SPICE programme.

1998, Optoelectronic and Electronic Sensors, Society of Photo Optical

Urgency clause read and adopted, bill passed, and ordered transmissed to the Assembly.

1999, California. Legislature. Senate, Journal of the Senate, Legislature of the State of California, page 4976:

[…] a good microbiological safety record, there remains the theoretical risk of transmissing infectious agents […]

2014, P. L. Roberts, “Virus elimination during the purification of monoclonal antibodies by column chromatography and additional steps”, in Biotechnology progress:

(chiefly law, computing, medicine, formal) To transmit.


reverse palming off

(law) The act of reselling a genuine product under one's own trade name rather than that of the true manufacturer.


general warrant

en-noun

general warrant (plural general warrants)

Wilkes himself was placed in the Tower, but in two appearances in Westminster Hall at the beginning of May he denounced general warrants as illegal […].

2016, Peter Ackroyd, Revolution, Pan Macmillan, published 2017, page 200:

(law, now historical) A warrant issued without naming any specific person, which can be issued to anyone suspected of an offence.


EEE

(technology, law) Initialism of electrical and electronic equipment.


CRA

Consumer Rights Act 2015
w:en:Consumer Rights Act 2015

(UK, law) Initialism of Consumer Rights Act 2015.

Cyber Resilience Act
w:Cyber Resilience Act

(European Union, law) Initialism of Cyber Resilience Act.


arcifinious

(law, dated) Having a natural boundary, like a river, rather than an artificial dividing line.


WFH

WFH (countable and uncountable, plural WFHs)

(US copyright law) Initialism of work for hire.


furnish and supply

en-verb

furnish and supply (third-person singular simple present furnishes and supplies, present participle furnishing and supplying, simple past and past participle furnished and supplied)

furnishes and supplies (present singular third-person)
furnishing and supplying (participle present)
furnished and supplied (participle past)
furnished and supplied (past)

"For the purpose of performing said general law enforcement services, County shall furnish and supply all necessary labor, supervision, equipment, communication facilities, and supplies necessary to maintain the agreed level of service to be rendered hereunder."

2015, Larimer County, Colorado and the Town of Wellington Colorado, Municipal law enforcement services agreemnet by and between Larimer County, Colorado and the Town of Wellington Colorado:


patent trolling

/ˈpætənt ˌtɹəʊlɪŋ/

From patent troll, which is derived from patent + troll (“in folklore, a grotesque humanoid creature living in caves or hills, or under bridges”), a reference to trolls in folktales who block the path of travellers or threaten to harm them unless some payment is made.

(patent law, informal, derogatory) The practice of owning and enforcing patents in an aggressive and opportunistic manner, often with no intention of marketing or promoting the subjects of the patents


outbranch

The same contention was pressed in an earlier outbranch of the case in the supreme court.

1897, Atlantic Reporter - Volumes 37-38, page 671:

A suit on a bond given on appeal is not an original suit, but an outbranch of the suit in which the bond was given, and the jurisdiction of the original suit gives jurisdiction over the subject-matter of the suit on the bond.

1915, Peyton Boyle v, The Federal Reporter - Volume 223, page 281:

This portion of this article is therefore an outbranch of the general law of agency, and should be so understood.

The pension to the widow is an outbranch of the retirement payment to the policeman in that it is premised upon the previous service and the contributory payments, while in service, of the policeman, although it is distinguishable in that supporting contributory payments must be made by the policeman until his death, so that the enforced contributions from the pension of a policeman who desires to preserve his pension privileges to his wife in the event that she outlives him are of a kind, in so far as legislative control thereover is concerned, with those mandatorily made from his salary payments during the years of his active service.

1991, New Jersey statutes annotated, page 25:

(law) Something that results from a law, ruling, or record, but which is separate from that law, ruling, etc.


scène à faire

(law) An element of a creative work which is customary to the genre and therefore not eligible for copyright protection.


domitae naturae

From Latin domum(?) and natura, therefore meaning 'of a domestic nature'.

(law) applied to domestic animals which can be claimed as their property.


Bill of Rights

(UK) An Act of Parliament enacted in 1689 that guarantees certain human rights and regulates the succession to the British Crown.


state of exception

en-noun

state of exception (plural states of exception)

Calque of German Ausnahmezustand, primarily as used by the German jurist and philosopher Carl Schmitt; popularised in English by the Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben in the 1990s–2000s.

Out of such rhetoric emerged an American state of exception, and with it, the disturbing outlines of inquisitorial behavior.

2006, Arthur Versluis, The New Inquisitions: Heretic-Hunting and the Intellectual Origins of Modern Totalitarianism, page 127:

Regardless of how we conceive of them, rights are just abstract entitlements that, given a state of exception, can be suspended at will by the very same states that profess a belief in the universality and inalienability of these rights!

2010, Flora Sapio, Sovereign Power and the Law in China, page 252:

The progressive normalization of the state of exception has eroded rule-bound procedures that give substance to conventional regulatory regimes.

2017, Martin J. Murray, The Urbanism of Exception: The Dynamics of Global City Building in the Twenty-First Century, page 311:

(law, philosophy) A condition in which ordinary laws or norms have been suspended by a political authority.


state of siege

Calque of French état de siège, first codified in a 1791 law of the Constituent Assembly during the French Revolution as an aggravated condition of war justifying the subordination of the civilian government to military authorities. Extended to apply to internal rebellion by a French law of 1797; subsequently broadened again in 1849 to denote any political state of emergency.

Several gentlemen of authority of the city of Belfast actually waited upon the Government and requested them not only to abolish the local police force but to proclaim a state of siege in the town of Belfast.

1865 May 29, Sir Robert Peel, 3rd Baronet, “Constabulary Force (Ireland) Act Amendment Bill”, in parliamentary debates (House of Commons), volume 179, column 982:

As soon as Nicaragua entered the war, Somoza declared a state of siege that remained in effect for four years.

1995, David E. Whisnant, Rascally Signs in Sacred Places: The Politics of Culture in Nicaragua, page 116:

(law) An exceptional legal condition in which constitutional limits on the powers of the government are suspended, usually owing to military necessity and implying martial law.

French Revolution
National Constituent Assembly (France)


final and conclusive

(law, of a ruling, evidence etc) Binding, decisive.


time-barred

statute of limitations
statute of limitations

(law) That can not be brought to court because the statute of limitations has passed.


GOA

(US, law enforcement) Initialism of gone on arrival. where the intended target was not present at the location that was sought when an agent arrived


fumus boni iuris

Learned borrowing from Latin fūmus bonī iūris (“smoke of a good right”).

lbor

(law) A likelihood of success based on the merit of a case; a requirement for admission to certain benefits, such as legal aid and injunctions.


en-verb

5150 (third-person singular simple present 5150s, present participle 5150ing, simple past and past participle 5150ed)

From Section 5150 of California's Welfare and Institutions Code, regarding involuntary commitment for psychological evaluation and treatment.

And they're all, "He's over there against the tree, he's not talking to us, he's not saying anything and he has a history of being a psychiatric patient and so we're 5150ing him."

1998, Timothy R. Tangherlini, Talking trauma: paramedics and their stories, page 117:

Sure, if you've ever been 5150ed by the Psychiatric Evaluation Team (no thanks to you and Rachael. Just because I was flipping my wig, flinging dishes and threatening to kill myself didn't mean I was actually SUICIDAL, guys! Jeez!) […]

2000, Clint Catalyst, Cottonmouth Kisses, page 150:

“I'm going to keep him under sedation until tomorrow morning, and then 5150 him at UCI Medical Center Psychiatric Unit.”

2006, J. T. McCalla, Reversal of Fear, page 187:

Finally she said, “Zach, i'm calling 911 and have them 5150 you.”

2007, Allison Brennan, Karin Tabke, Roxanne St. Claire, What You Can't See, page 382:

Then, almost immediately on the heels of Beverly came Dante, who'd been 5150ed by his mother.

2010, Jane Vandenburgh, A Pocket History of Sex in the Twentieth Century, page 358:

And it's not possible to 5150 him [place him on a psychiatric hold]. He's not a danger to self, not a danger to others.

2011, Patricia Benner, Patricia Hooper-Kyriakidis, Daphne Stannard, Clinical Wisdom and Interventions in Acute and Critical Care, page 438:

(transitive, US slang) To involuntarily confine a person for a mental illness that poses a risk to themselves or others.


composition fee

en-noun

composition fee (plural composition fees)

Originally from an obsolete sense of composition, “payment to settle an obligation”, from Medieval Latin compositiō (“payment made in amends or settlement”), see citations; compare legal sense of compound, “settle with a smaller payment than the claim”. Later reanalysed in some cases as meaning “aggregate”.

der

The subscribers of three guineas per annum were to be called governors, and were permitted to pay a composition fee of twenty guineas to obtain the privilege of life governor.

1845, Erasmus Wilson, The History of the Middlesex Hospital during the First Century of its Existence, page 4:

The maximum composition fee for an offence was raised from six hundred to a thousand dollars.

1974, Thean Soo Lim, Sukumaran Nair, S. Mohd Razak, The Impact of Customs, Republic of Singapore, page 38:

Payment of a University Composition Fee under these regulations shall entitle a matriculated student without additional fee ¶ (a) to attend any course within the University which is listed in the table of fees attached to these regulations […]

2009, Statutes and Ordinances of the University of Cambridge, →ISBN, page 159:

(chiefly law) A payment of amends or to acquire a certain privilege, (universities) a tuition fee.


hide the ball

en-verb

hide the ball (third-person singular simple present hides the ball, present participle hiding the ball, simple past hid the ball, past participle hidden the ball)

hides the ball (present singular third-person)
hiding the ball (participle present)
hid the ball (past)
hidden the ball (participle past)

(law, slang) To withhold evidence in a trial that may hurt one's case.


ostrich instruction

en-noun

ostrich instruction (plural ostrich instructions)

After the supposed habit of the ostrich of burying its head in the sand to avoid danger by not seeing it.

Based on this evidence, we concluded an ostrich instruction was appropriate because a jury could reasonably conclude that he had deliberately avoided the truth.

(law) An instruction to jurors telling them they may equate willful ignorance with actual knowledge.


debellatio

Unadapted borrowing from Latin dēbellātiō.

ubor

According to the International Law doctrine of debellatio (KO’d by war), under which we profess to operate, it is the coalition, through Ambassador L. Paul Bremer III and his administration, that makes the important political and economic decisions for the Iraqis.

2003 February 22, Victor T. Le Vine, “Factions Need Some Autonomy”, in St. Louis Post-Dispatch:

The invasion of Iraq by the British and U.S.-led Coalition forces in March 2003 silently effected debellatio, the ancient doctrine by which a military victor takes title to territory in which the defeated government has ceased to function.

2006, Melissa Patterson, “Who’s Got the Title: or, The Remnants of Debellatio in Post-Invasion Iraq”, in Harvard International Law Journal, volume 47, number 2, page 467:

Further, occupation based on debellatio must be distinguished from the situation in which a belligerent conquers the whole territory of an adverse party but meets resistance movements (including those of sporadic nature).

2009, Yutaka Arai-Takahashi, The Law of Occupation, →ISBN, page 38:

(international law) Debellation, the annihilation of a sovereign state through complete destruction in a war.


bare license

1995 Rite-Hite Corp. v. Kelley Co., Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
If the party has not received an express or implied promise of exclusivity under the patent, i.e., the right to exclude others from making, using, or selling the patented invention, the party has a "bare license," and has received only the patentee's promise that that party will not be sued for infringement.

(law) A license to use intellectual or real property without any promise of exclusivity.


naked licensing

Because we find that TFN engaged in naked licensing and thereby abandoned its trademarks, we affirm.

2010, FreecycleSunnyvale v. The Freecycle Network, Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals:

(law) The act of granting a naked license.


naked license

We have held that the proponent of a naked license theory of trademark abandonment must meet a “stringent standard of proof.”

(law) A license of a trademark granted without quality control over the use of the trademark.


qualified immunity

It is no disparagement of the offices held by petitioners to hold that Presidential aides, like Members of the Cabinet, generally are entitled only to a qualified immunity.

Erma Aldaba sought to hold police liable for her son’s deadly encounter with police, but qualified immunity ended her lawsuit before it could even get to trial.

(law, US) A doctrine protecting some government officials from suit if no prior court decision had declared similar conduct to be actionable, or if they acted in good faith.

제한적 면책특권

a doctrine protecting some government officials from suit


hadbot

Learned borrowing from Old English hādbōt.

lbor

(Anglo-Saxon, historical, law) Recompense demanded under old English law for violence or insult to a person in holy orders.


serial rapist

(criminology) Someone who commits multiple rapes, whether with multiple victims or a single victim repeatedly over a period of time.


take to court

en-verb

take to court (third-person singular simple present takes to court, present participle taking to court, simple past took to court, past participle taken to court)

takes to court (present singular third-person)
taking to court (participle present)
took to court (past)
taken to court (participle past)

(transitive, law) To sue; to begin a legal process against; to take legal action against.


formal heresy

Calque of Ecclesiastical Latin haeresis fōrmālis.

calque

(Roman Catholicism) The teaching or expression of an opinion in the conscious knowledge that it is contradictory to the teachings of the Church, and as such heretical.


juridical act

(civil law, Louisiana, Philippines) Any conduct by a person intended to create, modify, transfer, preserve, or extinguish a right, obligation, or legal relationship.

retshandel

volitional act intended to bring about legal effects


basic law

A law or set of laws given to have constitutional powers and effect.


red notice

Interpol issues red notice for 'fugitive' Anne Sacoolas

Under a red notice, local authorities make the arrests on behalf of the country that requested it. The notices cannot force countries to arrest or extradite suspects, but can put government leaders on the spot and limit suspects' travel.

June 29, 2020, “Iran issues arrest warrant for Trump, asks Interpol to help”, in Al Jazeera:

(law enforcement) A notice from Interpol that a person is an international fugitive and should be arrested.


jackboy

We ducked and dodged law, and jackboys, only to hand our hard earned cash over to another hustler; a hustler greater than us.

Ordell asked one of his jackboys to get him a car with keys in it and leave it in the Ocean Mall parking lot over by the beach. The jackboy asked him what kind of car he wanted. Ordell said, 'One has a big trunk with a shotgun in it.' He liked jackboys because they were crazy. They made their living ripping off street dealers for their blow and change and busting into crack houses with assault weapons.

"Get you stupid ass over there by the chip display and don't move," the robber instructed as he positioned himself to where he could see both David and Nicole with minimal movement. That act alone let David know the guy in the Oakland Raiders pullover was an experienced jackboy.

2014, Antonio David Hart, Chess Game of the Gods:

A street thug who is part of a gang of thieves.


subfelony

en-adj

subfelony (comparative more subfelony, superlative most subfelony)

more subfelony (comparative)
most subfelony (superlative)

(US, law) below the level of a felony; relating to a misdemeanor


fingerprint powder

en-noun

fingerprint powder (plural fingerprint powders)

The stairs were dusted with fingerprint powder, and immediately, a clear impression of a running shoe was evident.

2001, Forensic Files, "Frozen Evidence" (season 6, episode 8)

(criminology) Any fine powder used in dusting for fingerprints by crime scene investigators and others in law enforcement.


CITES

Marine species proposals are prominent at this CoP, with proposals to list spiny dogfish, porbeagle shark, European eel, red and pink corals, sawfishes, and several other marine species in the CITES Appendices.

2013, “40 Years of CITES AT-A-GLANCE”, in US Fish and Wildlife Service, archived from the original on 2020-03-29:

But commercial timber and fish species are increasingly coming under the CITES remit, despite strong opposition from both industries.

2014, Rosalind Reeve, Policing International Trade in Endangered Species, →ISBN, page 315:

(international law) Acronym of Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species.


signature authority

Officers or employees who file an FBAR to report signature authority over an employer’s foreign financial account don’t need to personally keep records on their employer’s accounts.

2019, “Understand how to report foreign bank and financial accounts”, in Internal Revenue Service:

(law) Control over a financial account with ones signature.


absolute immunity

The District Court denied the motion to dismiss on the ground that the conduct asserted amounted to “administrative,” not “prosecutorial,” conduct; hence it fell outside the scope of the prosecutor’s absolute immunity to §1983 claims.

2009, Van de Kamp et al. v. Goldstein (555 U.S. 335)

The Secretary's principal defenses in this case implicate claims of absolute immunity from suit.

2013, Goldstein v. Galvin (1st Cir. 2013 No. 12-2184)

(law) A doctrine providing immunity from suit by private parties for certain government officials and witnesses in judicial proceedings, even if the act or testimony was illegal, false, or made in bad faith.


cluster zoning

When development is appropriate, Smart Growth tools such as cluster zoning and mitigation fees should be used to minimize the impact of the development on agriculturally or environmentally sensitive land.

2003, Robert H. Freilich, “Smart Growth in Western Metro Areas”, in Natural Resources Journal, volume 43, number 3, →JSTOR:

(law) A type of zoning ordinance regulating average density rather than the size of each lot, generally requiring some amount of shared open space.


shaliah

bor

Hebrew שָלִיחַ

(Judaism) A legal agent; one who performs an act of legal significance for another.


cyberlibel

The news website Rappler, Ressa, its executive editor, and former researcher and writer Reynaldo Santos Jr were accused of cyberlibel over a story that alleged links between a businessman and a top judge.

2020 June 15, Maria Ressa, “Journalist Maria Ressa found guilty of 'cyberlibel' in Philippines”, in The Guardian:

(Philippines, Internet, law) The act or crime of making a defamatory statement (libel) about someone on the Internet; such a statement.


confessing Sam

The first potentially believable confessing Sam, Daniel Voorhees, arrived at police headquarters on the same day as the second note from The Avenger. During an interview with LAPD Consulting Psychiatrist Dr. Paul De River, Voorhess ^([sic]) claimed that he "couldn't stand [keeping such a dark secret] any longer." The police knew that Voorhees was not The Avenger […]

2017, Jon Lewis, Hard-Boiled Hollywood: Crime and Punishment in Postwar Los Angeles, page 27:

(Canada, US, law enforcement slang) A person who falsely confesses to a crime.


Mann Act

Named for the law's author, Congressman James Robert Mann.

Enacted during a time of great change and "moral panic," the Mann Act was originally designed to combat forced prostitution.

2008 March 11, Eric Weiner, “The Long, Colorful History of the Mann Act”, in All Things Considered:

(US, law) A federal law passed in 1910 prohibiting transportation of women across state lines for immoral purposes.


police lives matter

Coined in analogy to black lives matter.

black lives matter
black lives matter#English

(US, politics, law enforcement) A phrase used to counter "black lives matter", rallying people to defend police officers and their use of lethal force in carrying out their duties.


GEN

(taxation, US) Initialism of group exemption number.


blue lives matter

Coined in analogy to black lives matter; the color blue is frequently used for police uniforms.

police lives matter
police lives matter#English

(US, law enforcement, politics) Synonym of police lives matter


plainclothesperson

en-noun

plainclothesperson (plural plainclothespersons or plainclothespeople)

plainclothespersons (plural)
plainclothespeople (plural)

(rare) A police officer (especially a detective) of any gender who wears civilian clothes when on duty.


NYCL

New York Consolidated Laws
w:New York Consolidated Laws

(law) Initialism of New York Consolidated Laws.


police work

The complement will consist of 290 persons, and these cruisers should prove valuable additions to our service, especially in the line of police-work—the peace time duty of most of our ships not assigned for manœuvres.

1899, Carl Schurz, George Brinton McClellan Harvey, George William Curtis, Henry Loomis Nelson, Henry Mills Alden, John Bonner, John Foord, John Kendrick Bangs, Montgomery Schuyler, Norman Hapgood, Richard Harding Davis, Samuel Stillman Conant (editors), Harper's Weekly, page 1090:

Many who are unfamiliar with real police work little realize the extent to which police science has developed.

1927, National Probation Association (U.S.), Annual Report and Proceedings of the Annual Conference, Volume 21, page 243:

All the ordinary developments in telecommunications can be applied to police work.

1951, Anthony K. Martienssen, Crime and the Police, page 96:

White officers were more likely to select skilled or other protective service positions (such as fireman) as a preferred employment at the time they entered police work.

1967, Albert J. Reiss, Donald J. Black, Studies in Crime and Law Enforcement in Major Metropolitan Areas: Patterns of Behavior in Police and Citizen Transactions, page 16:

Many puzzling aspects of police work fall into place when one ceases to look at it as primarily concerned with law enforcement and crime control, and only incidentally and and often incongruously concerned with an infinite variety of other matters.

1980, Susan Ehrlich Martin, Breaking and Entering, Policewomen on Patrol, page 81:

As a result, there exists little or no transparency in police work at the station house level.

1999, James Vadackumchery, Indian Police and Equal Justice Under Law, page 160:

That's not a bad motto for police work overall, he thought. A vain and arbitrary search for a needle in a haystack, that's exactly what it always seemed to be like.

2012, Håkan Nesser, Münster's Case, An Inspector Van Veeteren Mystery:

(law enforcement) Work performed by police; the investigation of criminal activities.


GVR

Normally, this situation would call for a GVR order: The court would send the case back down to the court of appeals, which could decide whether a different result is required in light of Merit Management.

2018 May 7, Dan Epps, “Quorums and conflicts of interest on the Supreme Court”, in SCOTUS blog:

(US, law, informal) An order from the Supreme Court of the United States summarily disposing of a petition for certiorari by granting the petition, vacating the judgment of the lower court, and remanding to the lower court for reconsideration.


GVR

en-verb

GVR (third-person singular simple present GVRs, present participle GVRing, simple past and past participle GRV'd)

GVRs (present singular third-person)
GVRing (participle present)
GRV'd (participle past)
GRV'd (past)

If you blinked, you'd miss the fact that the Court passed on six abortion-related petitions! First, the Court GVR'd Box v. Planned Parenthood of Indiana and Kentucky in light of June Medical.

2020 July 3, Josh Blackman, “Overtime July begins with Emanations and Penumbras from the Shadow Docket”, in The Volokh Conspiracy:

(US, law, informal) To issue a GVR order.


res communis

Biological examples of res communis include fish and mammals in high seas.

(law) The commons, or common heritage of mankind.


res integra

(law) A new point that has not previously been decided in law.


nonoriginalism

A legal theory that rejects originalism and thus allows interpretations of a legal text other than those intended by its authors.


sponge tax

Following various versions of the Massachusetts estate tax in response to the changes in the Internal Revenue Code, in 2002, the Legislature amended § 2A to use a "sponge tax" calculation based upon the Federal credit for State death taxes that would have been allowable to a decedent's estate in 2000.

2020, Elspeth B. Cypher writing for the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts in Shaffer v. Commissioner of Revenue, case number SJC 12812https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2020/07/10/q12812.pdf

(US, law, historical) An estate tax imposed by a state that was credited against the federal estate tax, raising revenue for a state without increasing the overall tax burden.


mafiya

Borrowed from Russian ма́фия (máfija), from Italian mafia. Doublet of mafia.


pretextual stop

en-noun

pretextual stop (plural pretextual stops)

(US) The stopping by police of a motor vehicle in the case of a minor infringement of the law, in order to investigate other suspected criminal activity.


Tax Freedom Day

en-proper-noun

Tax Freedom Day (plural Tax Freedom Days)

The first day of the year on which a nation as a whole has theoretically earned enough income to pay its taxes.


Tax Day

(US, colloquial) The day on which individual income tax returns are due to be submitted to the federal government, or within an individual state.


Jordan rule

From the defendant, Barrett Richard Jordan, in the Canadian criminal court case, known as R v Jordan, whose resolution, the ruling decision, that established the rule.

(Canada, crime, law, politics, constitution, human rights) A rule about how long criminal court cases can take, and when exceeding the determined limit, is considered excessive and violating constitutional rights, and thus the criminal proceedings are summarily terminated with no recourse, and the defendant released. The limit of 18 or 30 months from placing criminal charges to trial is established in the rule.

crime; constitution; human rights; crime; constitution; human rights


sentencing range

Range of allowed punishments for a given crime (This entry is a translation hub.).

量刑範圍

range of allowed punishments for a given crime


UFTA

Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act
w:Fraudulent conveyance

(US, law) Initialism of Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act.


LWOP

In two of these studies, LWOP inmates had rates of prison misconduct that were equivalent to parole-eligible inmates.

2008, Matt DeLisi, Peter John Conis, Violent Offenders: Theory, Research, Public Policy, and Practice, Jones & Bartlett Learning, →ISBN, page 244:

(criminal law) Initialism of life (sentence) without (the possibility of) parole.


law agent

(Scots law) A solicitor, certified by the Law Society of Scotland.


cestui que trust

en-noun

cestui que trust (plural cestuis que trust or (rare) cestuies que trust)

cestuis que trust (plural)
cestuies que trust (plural rare)

(law) One who has the equitable and beneficial interest in property, the legal interest in which is vested in a trustee.


routous

a routous assembly

(law) With that violation of law called a rout.


SLED

(US, law enforcement) Abbreviation of South Carolina Law Enforcement Division.


declaration of will

declaration of will (plural declarations of will)

Calque of Latin dēclārātiō voluntātis, directly and indirectly from calques of it.

(law) A private outward manifestation of intention which is directly aimed at bringing about a legal effect.

意思表示

manifestation of intent aimed at creating a legal effect


declaration of intent

declaration of intent (plural declarations of intent)

(law) A formal statement of what a person or organization intends to do, which is not binding in the way a contract is.


have a visual on

en-verb

have a visual on (third-person singular simple present has a visual on, present participle having a visual on, simple past and past participle had a visual on)

has a visual on (present singular third-person)
having a visual on (participle present)
had a visual on (participle past)
had a visual on (past)

“We have a visual on you,” the pilot of Gopher Alpha stated, ...

2012, Robert G. Davis, Ten Short Mysteries, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 102:

“Hey, partner, where the hell's your twenty? I should have a visual on you by now and I' m overdue to begin my rounds.”

2004, Michael Pinchot, Panamanian Tundra, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN, page 157:

“This is Alpha Sky Four. I have a visual on the suspect running east on Hudson Avenue.

2012, Sherard H. Adams, The Prince of Pentium: A Life of a Hustler and a Computer Hacker, Trafford Publishing, →ISBN, page 25:

(transitive, law enforcement and military) see


OIML

w:International Organization of Legal Metrology

(law, standardisation) Initialism of International Organization of Legal Metrology. (French abbreviation)


crime scientist

en-noun

crime scientist (plural crime scientists)

(criminology) Someone who studies crime science, especially someone who does so professionally.


criminal scientist

criminal scientist (plural criminal scientists)

(criminology) Synonym of crime scientist


crime science

(criminology) The study of crime in order to find ways to prevent it.


gang war

gang war (countable and uncountable, plural gang wars)

A conflict or feuding between two or more gangs (criminal groups).


pincite

(law) pinpoint citation; a type of citation in which the exact page for certain information is provided


(US, taxation) An IRS form for tax-exempt organizations (such as charities).


(UK, taxation) A tax return form for non-residents and dual residents.


(UK, taxation) A tax return form for UK property income.


(UK, taxation) A tax return form for employees and company directors.


(UK, taxation) A tax return form for foreign income or gains.


(US, taxation) A variant of the 1040 income tax return for non-resident tax payers.


(UK, taxation) The main tax return form for individuals.


section 104 holding

section 104 holding (plural section 104 holdings)

Described by section 104 of the Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992.

(taxation, UK) The situation where certain shares are pooled and treated as a single asset for tax purposes.


(UK, taxation) A tax return form for capital gains.


(US, taxation) A form to declare that someone is not a U.S. tax payer or to request reduced tax withholding.


(US, taxation) A form to declare that someone is a U.S. tax payer.


dual resident

(law, taxation) A person who is a resident for tax purposes in two or more countries.


double tax agreement

double tax agreement (countable and uncountable, plural double tax agreements)

(taxation) A bilateral treaty between two countries to resolve issues related to double taxation.

kaksinkertaista verotusta koskeva sopimus

soglašénije ob izbežánii dvojnóvo nalogoobložénija

соглаше́ние об избежа́нии двойно́го налогообложе́ния

dogovór ob izbežánii dvojnóvo nalogoobložénija

догово́р об избежа́нии двойно́го налогообложе́ния


OMON

From Russian ОМО́Н (OMÓN), Отря́д Ми́лиции Осо́бого Назначе́ния (Otrjád Mílicii Osóbovo Naznačénija, “detachment of special-purpose police”).

Special Purpose Mobile Unit, the riot police in Russia and Belarus.

АМА́П

Special Purpose Mobile Unit, a law enforcement force in Russia and Belarus


puttage

From put + -age, perhaps because the questions posed are often introduced with the expression “I put it to you that …”.

(law, Victoria (Australia)) The putting of questions to a witness during cross-examination in accordance with the Rule in Browne v Dunn, specifically, questions that present a version of events that contradicts the witness's own testimony in order to elicit denials or explanations.


pseudolaw

Supposed law or legal doctrine that is actually false.


novus actus interveniens

The fact that the bouncer’s act may have been a novus actus interveniens, or an intervening act, is part of the analysis of whether legal causation has been established and whether the appellants should be held legally accountable for the death.... The Manitoba Court of Appeal held that, in order for novus actus interveniens to apply to sever legal causation, the intervening act had to be, in some way, extraordinary or unusual.

2012 May 18, A. Karakatsanis, J., “R. v. Maybin, 2012 SCC 24”, in CanLII, retrieved 2020-09-21:

(law) A doctrine of law that, in certain circumstances, an intervening event can break the chain of causation between a person's action and its result, potentially depriving that person of legal liability for the result; such an intervening event.


accident neurosis

compensation neurosis
compensation neurosis#English


compensation neurosis

A psychic symptom of an injured claimant where he practices a rejectionist attitude towards gainful activity not because his sufferings induced by the injury have transformed into somatic complaints but due to character faults or perverse legal understanding and on this basis demands that the ensuing financial losses be compensated by the tortfeasor.

korvausneuroosi

Rejection of gainful activity after an injury because of vice

Unfallneurose

uncommon and misleading, since this has also meant any neurosis following causally from an accident, but only the described one excludes liability for the ensuing losses


judicial police

A type of police structure reporting to the judiciary in some countries.


contingency cost

contingency cost (plural contingency costs)

From contingency + cost. Do not confuse with cost contingencies.

(accounting) An expense incurred precautionarily for a use that may not occur such as an event of damage or a change order.


coplaintiff

(law) Any of several plaintiffs bringing the same charge.


HVE

(US, law enforcement) Abbreviation of homegrown violent extremist.


DVE

(US, law enforcement) Abbreviation of domestic violent extremist.


MNPI

(law, business, finance) Initialism of material non-public information: information which is relevant to a trading decision but is not publicly known, giving rise to the possibility of insider trading.


colegislator

A legislative body acting as a necessary supporter of a statute during the legislative process.


colegislate

en-verb

colegislate (third-person singular simple present colegislates, present participle colegislating, simple past and past participle colegislated)

colegislates (present singular third-person)
colegislating (participle present)
colegislated (participle past)
colegislated (past)

From co- + legislate. Owing to its relative frequency, and legislate too having been back-formed, probably often back-formation from colegislator.

Even in Congress the States seem to bear a major vote. No act has gone beyond federal limits—many important ones have stopped far short. The States, on the other hand, keep up an almost incessant siege. There is scarcely an article which some of them have not colegislated upon.

1860, John Church Hamilton, Life of Alexander Hamilton. A history of the Republic of the United States of America, as traced in his writings and in those of his contemporaries, volume V, pages 113–114:

[…] it seems we can also say that since most of his subjects are his own product, the supreme authority in a state, the sovereign, has the right to lead them into a war as he would take them on a hunt, and into battles as on a pleasure trip.
While such an argument for this right (which may well be present obscurely in the monarch’s mind) holds with regard to animals, which can be one’s property, it simply cannot be applied to human beings, especially as citizens of a state. For they must always be regarded as colegislating members of a state (not merely as means, but also as ends in themselves), and must therefore give their free assent, through their representatives, not only to waging war in general but also to each particular declaration of war.

1996, Immanuel Kant, “The Metaphysics of Morals”, in Mary J. Gregor, transl., Practical Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, published 1999, →ISBN, of the Academy edition 6:345–346, pages 483–484:

[…] so, scheint es, könne man auch von der obersten Gewalt im Staat, dem Souverän sagen, er habe das Recht, seine Unterthanen, die dem größten Theil nach sein eigenes Product sind, in den Krieg wie auf eine Jagd und zu einer Feldschlacht wie auf eine Lustpartie zu führen.
Dieser Rechtsgrund aber (der vermuthlich den Monarchen auch dunkel vorschweben mag) gilt zwar freilich in Ansehung der Thiere, die ein Eigenthum des Menschen sein können, will sich aber doch schlechterdings nicht auf den Menschen, vornehmlich als Staatsbürger, anwenden lassen, der im Staat immer als mitgesetzgebendes Glied betrachtet werden muß (nicht bloß als Mittel, sondern auch zugleich als Zweck an sich selbst), und der also zum Kriegführen nicht allein überhaupt, sondern auch zu jeder besondern Kriegserklärung vermittelst seiner Repräsentanten seine freie Beistimmung geben muß.

(uncommon) To necessarily bring about a statute together with another legislative body or legislature, to be a colegislator.


repeated bodily harm

Maguire's troubles started in August when he was given a suspended sentence of 21 months and 10 days in prison after he was found guilty of repeated bodily harm, attempted bribery, violence against public employees and insult after a trial on the Greek island of Syros.

2020 October 14, Phil McNulty, “England 0-1 Denmark: 'Harry Maguire looked devoid of confidence in Nations League loss'”, in BBC Sport:


bent copper

From bent (“not straight, corrupt, dishonest”) + copper (“policeman”), a variant of cop. It could also be a pun taken from a bent copper coin.

Onay remembered that he had placed 40 kilos at the bottom of his wardrobe. That meant approximately three and a half kilos had disappeared during the police raid. Bulent kept quiet but the officers eventually found out and a bent copper was later blamed for the alleged theft.

2007, Graham Johnson, Druglord, Mainstream Publishing, →ISBN:

Anticorruption is a double-edged sword. We need to find just enough bent coppers to avoid accusations of a cover-up, but not so many that the public starts to wonder if the police can be trusted.

2016 April 28, “Getting to the Truth”, in Line of Duty, season 3, episode 6, spoken by Gill Biggeloe (Polly Walker), archived from the original on 2021-05-17:

He had always been a bent copper. He had joined the police force with the intention of being a bent copper. In that, he had been eminently successful.

2019, Alan Jacobs, Me? I Kill People, Troubador Publishing, →ISBN, page 298:

(UK, informal, law enforcement) A corrupt police officer.


slaughterbot

(science fiction) Synonym of killbot (“robot designed for killing”)


CHIS

(UK, law enforcement) Initialism of covert human intelligence source.


ultima ratio

Since punishment (including death and prison in the United States) is the harshest type of public measure or burden that the state may take or impose against an individual and the state has the duty to consider the rights and interests of all people involved or affected by a situation (including those who cause harm), the ultima ratio principle requires that less harmful responses or measures, including noncriminal ones, be adopted if those responses or measures would adequately advance a legitimate goal such as addressing harmful behavior.

2020, Máximo Langer, “Penal Abolitionism and Criminal Law Minimalism: Here and There, Now and Then”, in Harvard Law Review, volume 134, number 42, page 73:

(law) legal philosophy under which penal redress to crime should only be used as a measure of last resort


case note

A discussion of this question may be found in a case note to Waller v. Ross, 12 L.R.A. (N.S.) 721

1910, Lawyers' Reports Annotated - Book 24, page 1308:

This case note analyses the High Court's approach to the corporations power in s 51(xx) of the Constitution in Williams v Commonwealth (No 2) (2014) 88 ALJR 701.

2016, Anna Olijnyk, Case Note: The Corporations Power in Williams (No 2).:

(law) A legal analysis of a case that has been tried.


licensed premises

(British, Ireland, law) a place which is licensed for the sale of alcoholic beverages to the public for consumption on the premises; a public house or bar


legal cynicism

Sampson and Bartusch measure legal cynicism using five variables designed to assess general beliefs about the legitimacy of law and social norms.

2006, James W. Burfeind, Juvenile Delinquency: An Integrated Approach, page 488:

(law) A perspective under which criminal law and law enforcement are seen as unresponsive or indifferent to public safety, and instead serve primarily to exclude disfavored communities from society.


antisubordination

(law) Legal philosophy holding that the law must address and reform structures that maintain social inequality with respect to disadvantaged groups.


harm principle

(law) A legal principle under which the state should only limit an individual's actions to the extent that they would cause harm to another.


protected term

(law) a term which legally may only be applied to products produced in a specific region


RCEP

(East Asia, trade, law, Hong Kong, Southeast Asia, Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, Australia, New Zealand) Abbreviation of Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership.

East Asia; trade; Southeast Asia; East Asia; trade; Southeast Asia


forum selection clause

en-noun

forum selection clause (plural forum selection clauses)

choice of court agreement
choice of court agreement#English

A contractual provision determining the territorial (or less often only international, or subject matter) jurisdiction for a legal dispute concerning a concrete legal relationship.

協議管轄條款

contractual clause for the place of legal dispute


demosprudence

Coined by Lani Guinie and Gerald Torres in 2008. Blend of demography + jurisprudence.

coin

(law, neologism) perspective that emphasizes ordinary people's agency to recognize rights and influence legal interpretation


hitperson

en-noun

hitperson (plural hitpersons or hitpeople)


purposivism

purposive approach
purposive approach#English


NRST

(taxation) Abbreviation of national retail sales tax.

(Canada, taxation) Abbreviation of non-resident speculation tax.


law dictionary

law dictionary (plural law dictionaries)

A dictionary designed to give information about terms used in the world of law.


false imprisonment

false imprisonment (countable and uncountable, plural false imprisonments)

(law) The intentional restriction of a person's movement within any area without legal authority, justification, or the restrained person's permission.


charge sheet

A record kept by the police, notionally on a sheet of paper, stating the criminal offence(s) which a suspect is charged with (accused of committing).


ILR

indefinite leave to remain
indefinite leave to remain#English

(UK, law) Initialism of indefinite leave to remain.


anticonstitutionality

anticonstitutionality (countable and uncountable, plural anticonstitutionalities)

Coordinate term: unconstitutionality

(law) The status of being against the constitution


zero-rate

en-verb

zero-rate (third-person singular simple present zero-rates, present participle zero-rating, simple past and past participle zero-rated)

zero-rates (present singular third-person)
zero-rating (participle present)
zero-rated (participle past)
zero-rated (past)

For example, zero-rating machinery invites attempts to redesignate as such other machinery likely to be used by exempt traders.

2001, Ebril Liam, Michael Keen, Jean-Paul Bodin, Victoria Summers, “Treatment of Agriculture”, in The Modern VAT, International Monetary Fund (IMF), →ISBN, page 103:

We have to balance either zero-rating some of the goods or distributing them through spending. There are certain goods, however, that even if you zero-rated them, the poor still cannot afford them yet they are essential then we distribute them through spending.

2018 February 28, Given Majola, “Stability at the Treasury crucial for better service”, in Independent Online (IOL), retrieved 2020-12-08:

Local firms have also been for long objected that Ugandan illegally introduced a 12 per cent inspection fee in 2017 for Kenya’s pharmaceutical exports while it zero-rated Uganda- made^([sic]) drugs.

2020 July 15, Elizabeth Kiuva, “Kenya’s trade in EAC up despite tensions”, in Business Daily, retrieved 2020-12-08:

(transitive) To subject (a good) to no value-added tax when sold (but in which the supplier can still recover VAT attributable to it).


desk sergeant

After arriving at the Area A police station, I renewed my protests that as a working reporter with visible police credentials, I should not have been arrested. The desk sergeant insisted that I be booked, however, and I was put into the holding tank, a fifteen-by-fifteen dark and filthy cell, with 49 other people.

1983 December 24, Larry Goldsmith, “Cops Bust 70 Anti-Nuke Demonstrators”, in Gay Community News, volume 11, number 23, page 6:

A woman ran into the police station and told the desk sergeant she had been robbed.

(law enforcement) A sergeant who has an administrative position inside of a police station.


SOFA

international relations
international relations

status of forces agreement
status of forces agreement#English

(international relations, military, law, politics) Acronym of status of forces agreement.


testilie

testilie (third-person singular simple present testilies, present participle testilying, simple past and past participle testilied)

testilies (present singular third-person)
testilying (participle present)
testilied (participle past)
testilied (past)

Blend of testify + lie. Possibly a back-formation from the noun testilying, which appeared a few years earlier and is more common.

In Manhattan, grand jury prosecutors are urged to interview police officers separately if there is any possibility they may be fabricating evidence or about to testilie.

1999 January, Larry Cunningham, “Taking on Testilying”, in Criminal Justice Ethics, volume 18, →DOI, pages 26–40:

Higher rank officers in New York advocated that those officers who testilied should not be prosecuted because testilying was a police tradition.

2007, Jack R. Greene, “Courtroom testimony and ‘testilying’”, in The Encyclopedia of Police Science, volume 1, page 274:

(US, law, informal, euphemistic) To commit perjury (as a police officer).


Crown Court

(England, Wales) A senior court that sits regularly in various regional locations, normally with a judge and jury. It deals with indictable offences and either-way offences referred from magistrates' courts, as well as appeals against the decisions of magistrates' courts.


magistrates' court

en-noun

magistrates' court (plural magistrates' courts)

In England and Wales, a lower court of law that deals with less serious offences, as well as initial hearings for serious offences prior to referring these to the Crown Court. Cases are heard by two or three magistrates, or sometimes a district judge, without a jury.


iudex non calculat

Unadapted borrowing from Latin iūdex nōn calculat (literally “a judge does not calculate”).

ubor

(law) The principle that a judge should base their decision on the strength of the arguments rather than their quantity.


Howey test

Established as a result of the US legal case SEC v. W. J. Howey Co. (1946).

(law) A test to determine whether an instrument qualifies as an "investment contract" for the purposes of the Securities Act of 1933: it must be "a contract, transaction or scheme whereby a person invests his money in a common enterprise and is led to expect profits solely from the efforts of the promoter or a third party".


bullet fee

A financial charge levied on the family of an executed prisoner.


megafraud

en-noun

megafraud (countable and uncountable, plural megafrauds)


LSST

(US, military, law) Abbreviation of Legal Services Support Team.


disorderly conduct

(law, crime) The criminal offence of misbehaving in a public place, for example, by being drunk or loitering.


picking quarrels and provoking trouble

picking quarrels and provoking trouble (uncountable)

Calque of Chinese 尋釁滋事／寻衅滋事 (xúnxìn zīshì).

calque

(Mainland China, law) A collection of vague criminal offences, mainly concerning undermining public order by creating a disturbance in a public place.

picking quarrels and stirring up trouble


hit a lick

en-verb

hit a lick (third-person singular simple present hits a lick, present participle hitting a lick or hittin' a lick, simple past and past participle hit a lick)

hits a lick (present singular third-person)
hitting a lick (participle present)
hittin' a lick (participle present)
hit a lick (participle past)
hit a lick (past)

In its basic meaning, a reference to a robbery of a liquor store.

I figure frauds never hit a lick before
 So they don't know the feeling when them things get across

2007, “Roc Boys (And the Winner Is)…”, in American Gangster, performed by Jay-Z:

Fucked my first bitch, passed her to my nigga
 Hit my first lick, passed with my nigga

2014, “My Nigga”, in My Krazy Life, performed by YG:

Listen up I'm about to go and get rich
 Fuck with me my nigga
 We gon' circle round the Ville and hit a lick

2014, “A Tale of 2 Citiez”, in 2014 Forest Hills Drive, performed by J. Cole:

Oh shit, the Pharaoh finna trip again
If I ever go broke I'm hitting licks again
It ain't shit for me to strip a man
Back in high school I used to get it in

2016 January 15, “Get It In (Remix)”, performed by Nef the Pharaoh, 4:13–4:23:

Not banging them clicks and hitting them licks
I'm probably in uptown fucking your bitch
I love these bands, I can't go lidge, Imma scam, trap, or hit them licks

2021 August 17, “London Scammer (Remix)”performed by Tankz ft. Tarm, 2:17:

(African-American Vernacular, MLE) To earn a large sum of money in a short amount of time, usually illegally.


Public Domain Day

First mentioned by Lawrence Lessig in 2004, but it is unclear when observance began.

An annual observance on January 1 of when copyrights expire and works enter into the public domain. Copyrights usually expire every year on January 1 based on the individual copyright laws of each country.


form book

(US, law) A binder of loose-leaf forms, or a book containing specimens of such forms, for use by attorneys in their work.


penal populism

(law) A process in which the major political parties compete with each other to be tough on crime.


tough on crime

en-adj

tough on crime (comparative more tough on crime, superlative most tough on crime)

more tough on crime (comparative)
most tough on crime (superlative)

Biden will face skepticism from reform advocates critical of his role championing tough on crime legislation that had a disproportionate impact on low income communities and communities of color.

2020 December 14, Candice Norwood, Daniel Bush, “What a Biden administration could mean for criminal justice reform”, in PBS Newshour:

That establishes stricter criminal penalties, especially as a reaction to violent and property crime.


Norwich Pharmacal order

en-noun

Norwich Pharmacal order (plural Norwich Pharmacal orders)

First granted in 1974 in the case of Norwich Pharmacal Co. v Customs and Excise Commissioners.

(UK, Ireland, law) A court order granted against a third party which has been innocently mixed up in wrongdoing, forcing the disclosure of documents or information.


protective order

protective order (plural protective orders)

restraining order
restraining order#English


(US politics) Abbreviation of First Amendment.


impaired driving

(law, automotive, chiefly Canada) A criminal offense; the act of driving while impaired (such as by alcohol or drugs).


VPD

Police Department
police department#English

(law enforcement) Initialism of Vancouver Police Department.

(Canada) The police service of the city of Vancouver, in British Columbia, Canada.

(US) The police service of the city of Vancouver, in the State of Washington, USA.


rubber heels

[…] Going in to do the work of the Rubber Heels.'
She asked what the Rubber Heels were, when they were at home.
'The Rubber Heels, heart, are the police investigation department. […]

2003, John E. Gardner, The Streets of Town, page 14:

[…] their programme may actually have served to enhance the attractiveness and legitimacy of CIB work, a job much reviled in the heyday of The Sweeney when the 'rubber-heels' brigade of A10 were portrayed as yet another hurdle in the pursuit of villains and justice.

2012, Frank Leishman, Paul Mason, Policing and the Media, page 147:

(UK, dated, informal) Police officers tasked with investigating corruption within the police force.


SISEA

(law, US) Acronym of Stop Internet Sexual Exploitation Act.


H.Res.

(US politics, law) Abbreviation of House Resolution; also H. Res.


H. Res.

(US politics, law) Abbreviation of House Resolution; also H.Res.


litigation friend

litigation friend (plural litigation friends)


damnous

en-adj

damnous (comparative more damnous, superlative most damnous)

more damnous (comparative)
most damnous (superlative)


swearing contest

en-noun

swearing contest (plural swearing contests)

Dershowitz pithily illustrates the dilemma of the courts in deciding the swearing contest in his “rules” of the criminal justice system: […]

1985, Dublin University Law Journal, page 47:

Such one-on-one “swearing contests” are routinely decided in favor of law enforcement officers, but in this case the district court sided with the accused bank robber.

1999, United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Criminal Justice Oversight, The Clinton Justice Department's Refusal to Enforce the Law on Voluntary Confessions: Hearing, page 56:

(law, informal) A trial whose outcome comes down to which of two parties swearing to the truth of opposing accounts is to be believed.


inquisitorial system

inquisitorial system (plural inquisitorial systems)

(law) a trial system in which the prosecutor also acts as judge


house of detention

house of detention (plural houses of detention)

Mama looked down and spit on the ground / Every time my name gets mentioned / The papa say "Oy, if I get that boy / I'm gonna stick him in the house of detention"

1972, Paul Simon (lyrics and music), “Me and Julio Down by the Schoolyard”, in Paul Simon:


joint and several

The debt of a general partnership is a joint and several liability of each general partner.

The full amount of the rent is the joint and several obligation of each signatory, including non-tenant co-signers, of the lease.

(law, of a legal obligation) Undertaken by or assigned to two or more parties, each having liability for the entire obligation.


in limine

Unadapted borrowing from Latin in līmine (literally “in the threshold”).

ubor

(chiefly US, law) At the beginning, as a preliminary matter; specifically, before a particular procedure or proceeding takes place.


in limine

(chiefly US, law, of a motion, hearing, ruling, etc.) Pertaining to a request made at the start of a trial that the judge rule that certain evidence may not be introduced in a trial; most common in criminal trials where evidence is subject to constitutional limitations, such as statements made without Miranda warnings.


abyll

(Chester) A mode of copyhold tenure mentioned in the records of the Stockport Grand Leet Court.


absque dubio

From Latin absque (“without”) + dubiō (“doubt”).

(chiefly US, law) Without doubt; used in pleadings where a statement needs no proof.


overpenalization

(law) The process of administering excessive punishment, especially in response to crime.


minister of justice

en-noun

minister of justice (plural ministers of justice)


arsonical

He cleared out the coals from under the staircase, built a neat fire of firewood and paper there, he splashed about paraffine and arranged the lamps and can even as he had designed, and made a fine inflammable pile of things in the little parlour behind the shop. “Looks pretty arsonical,” he said as he surveyed it all.

1909, H. G. Wells, chapter 8, in The History of Mr Polly, New York: Grosset & Dunlap, page 214:

1978, Jan Morris, Farewell the Trumpets, New York and London: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Part 2, Chapter 18, p. 393,
In Cyprus he must deal with Greeks and Turks whose methods of debate were murderous or arsonical.

Of or relating to arson (the crime of deliberately starting a fire with intent to cause damage).


focused deterrence

A crime prevention strategy which aims to deter crime by implementing a mix of law enforcement, social services, and community mobilization.


prisonization

prisonization (usually uncountable, plural prisonizations)

The process of assimilation to the customs, social norms, etc. of a prison.


nonjailable

The heart of Gail Atwater’s civil rights claim was that going to jail for a nonjailable offense should be a presumptively unreasonable seizure under the Fourth Amendment.

2020, Alexandra Natapoff, “Atwater and the Misdemeanor Carceral State”, in Harvard Law Review, volume 133, number 147, page 157:


incarcerative

Misdemeanor appeals are rare for a variety of reasons, including lack of access to counsel, high plea rates, and the typically short duration of incarcerative sentences.

2020, Alexandra Natapoff, “Atwater and the Misdemeanor Carceral State”, in Harvard Law Review, volume 133, number 147, page 161:


succession duty

a tax imposed on every succession to property, according to its value and the relation of the person who succeeds to the previous owner.


overpolice

en-verb

overpolice (third-person singular simple present overpolices, present participle overpolicing, simple past and past participle overpoliced)

overpolices (present singular third-person)
overpolicing (participle present)
overpoliced (participle past)
overpoliced (past)

Black people in America fit that description of being overpoliced and oversentenced.

2016 January 7, Cory Doctorow, “White House plan to use data to shrink prison populations could be a racist dumpster fire”, in Boing Boing:

(transitive) To police too much, as by patrolling a neighborhood excessively or meting out a punishment incommensurate to the severity of a crime.


accessaryship

(law) The condition of being an accessary.


accessoryship

(law) The condition of being an accessory.


notice and comment

(law) A process of rulemaking in which a proposed rule is published in the Federal Register and is subject to comment by members of the general public.


on the beat

bobby on the beat

From midsize departments like the one in Indianapolis to big-city forces like New York City's, from top commanders to officers on the beat, police officers nationwide were unprepared to calm the summer's unrest, and their approaches consistently did the opposite.

2021 March 20, Kim Barker, Mike Baker, Ali Watkins, “In City After City, Police Completely Mishandled Black Lives Matter Protests”, in The New York Times:

(law enforcement) Of a police officer: patrolling his or her assigned area; on duty.


criminal prosecutor

en-noun

criminal prosecutor (plural criminal prosecutors)

criminal prosecution
criminal prosecution

Someone who is occupied with pursuing criminal prosecution.


legal assistant

legal assistant (plural legal assistants)

Someone occupied with legal services in place of a lawyer.


command and control

"American police simply were not prepared for the challenge that they faced in terms of planning, logistics, training and police command-and-control supervision," said Chuck Wexler, the executive director of the Police Executive Research Forum, a nonprofit that advises departments on management and tactics.

(military, law enforcement) The management and logistics of a military or paramilitary force.


prison farm

correctional facility
correctional facility

A large correctional facility in which convicts are forced to do manual labor, largely in open air.


field stop

(law enforcement) An on the ground stop made by a police officer.


transformative justice

(crime) A series of practices and philosophies aimed at rehabilitating perpetrators of crime, especially of interpersonal violence.


first impression

first impression (plural first impressions)

Because the law was just recently passed, this is a case of first impression.

(law) (of a case, issue, etc.) The state of not having been previously raised within a particular jurisdiction. ᵂᵖ


OCCB

(New York, law enforcement) Initialism of organized crime control bureau. of the New York Police Department


insurance fire

The other fifty-four cases were insurance fires, that is the motive was that of burning to collect insurance.

1921, Office of the Fire Marshal of the State of Louisiana, Annual Report - Volumes 17-35, page 7:

A more likely theory is that it was an insurance fire, as the Bennett brothers were in financial trouble...

2009, Jessie Munro, The Story of Suzanne Aubert, page 419:

Most of the people thought it was an insurance fire, that Aronez or someone hired by him had set it.

2012, David Holmberg, The Tinderbox, page 87:

They're even hinting that the loss of our Ingleside printing plant was an insurance fire, for God's sake!

2016, Stephen Birmingham, The Rothman Scandal, page 619:

(law) A form of arson in which a fire is intentionally started in order to enable collection from an insurance policy that protects against accidental fires.


asked and answered

(US, law) A type of objection in which the same attorney continues to ask the same question but has already received an answer.


rule of engagement

rule of engagement (plural rules of engagement)

The military, which acknowledged that the killings violated its rules of engagement, announced the deaths on Friday, hours after saying it had recovered the bodies of three other Israeli hostages in Gaza.

2023 December 16, Aaron Boxerman, Ben Hubbard, Thomas Fuller, “Israel Says 3 Hostages Bore White Flag Before Being Killed by Troops”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(military, law enforcement, chiefly in the plural) An internal rule among a military, police, etc. force defining the circumstances in which and manner with which to use force.

voimankäyttösääntö

internal rules defining how to use force


pain compliance

The use of painful stimulus to control a subject, including the use of pressure on painful areas, hyperextension or hyperflexion, weapons, or chemical irritants.


read into

en-verb

read into (third-person singular simple present reads into, present participle reading into, simple past and past participle read into)

reads into (present singular third-person)
reading into (participle present)
read into (participle past)
read into (past)

The Supreme Court of Canada read "sexual orientation" into section 15 of the Charter of Rights in Egan v. Canada.

(transitive, law, of a court or ruling) To establish that a legislative text should be understood to include certain words or concepts not explicitly found there, by necessary implication and/or to obey constitutional imperatives or similar.


malice in law

[…] in actions of slander, though it should appear that the defendant was not actuated by ill-will against the plaintiff, malice in law will be inferred from the fact of intentional publication, unless the defendant can show that his language was excusable as a privileged communication […]

1858, John Pitt Taylor, chapter V, in A Treatise on the Law of Evidence, As Administered in England and Ireland, 3rd edition, volume 1, London: W. Maxwell, Law Bookseller and Publisher, page 121:

The actions of the president and the government advising him on the matter of Justice Isa were stained by malice in law, says the court. The president failed to apply his independent mind to the advice given to him […]

2020 October 28, Abdul Moiz Jaferii, “Facts and malice in law”, in The News International:

Any use of discretionary power exercised for an unauthorized purpose amounted to malice in law. It is immaterial whether the authority acted in good faith or bad faith.

2021 January 5, “Any use of discretionary power exercised under Rule 86A for an unauthorized purpose amounts to malice in law – HC”, in Faceless Compliance:

(law) The state of having done something illegal without an intention of breaking the law.


manner of death

en-noun

manner of death (plural manners of death)

A legal (as opposed to pathological or biological) determination by a coroner, medical examiner, police, or similar as to the factors leading to a person's death.


battered person syndrome

A more recent, gender-neutral formulation based on battered woman syndrome.

(law) A legal defense according to which a murderer had no choice but to kill their violent partner in response to cumulative abuse rather than a single provocation.