allocute

en-verb

allocute (third-person singular simple present allocutes, present participle allocuting, simple past and past participle allocuted)

allocutes (present singular third-person)
allocuting (participle present)
allocuted (participle past)
allocuted (past)

Ms. Collotta had to be steadied several times by her lawyers as she allocuted to the facts on the Macromedia deal and admitted to taking part in a larger conspiracy.

2007 May 11, Mark Hamblett, "Attorney Couple Plead Guilty to Insider Trading," New York Law Journal (retrieved from law.com, 10 May 2008)

(chiefly US, law) To make an allocution.


inlaw

inlaw (third-person singular simple present inlaws, present participle inlawing, simple past and past participle inlawed)

inlaws (present singular third-person)
inlawing (participle present)
inlawed (participle past)
inlawed (past)

From Middle English inlawen, inlaghen, from Old English inlagian, ġeinlagian (“to restore to the protection of the law, inlaw”), equivalent to in- + law.

The king, indignant that an attempt should be made to exempt the vast ecclesiastical lands from taxation at a time of national crisis, sequestrated the estates of the see of Canterbury, and copied John’s conduct in 1208 by outlawing the whole body of the clergy. Winchelsea in return excommunicated all those who refused to recognize the authority of the pope’s bull... Harassed by these domestic troubles, the king could not carry out his intention of sailing for Flanders in the spring, and spent the greater part of the campaigning season in wrangles with his subjects. He was obliged to come to a compromise. If the clergy would give him a voluntary gift, which was in no way to be considered a tax, he agreed to inlaw them.

1911, Charles William Chadwick Oman, "English History", Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th ed., Vol. IX, p. 497

(UK, law, historical, transitive) To clear of outlawry or attainder, to return to the protection of the law


contract of sale

en-noun

contract of sale (plural contracts of sale)

(law) A contract that involves an exchange of goods, services or property to be exchanged from seller (or vendor) to buyer (or purchaser) for an agreed upon value in money (or money equivalent) paid or the promise to pay same.


employment contract

employment contract (plural employment contracts)

(law, business, human resources) A category of contract used in labor law to attribute right and responsibilities between parties to a bargain.


statute of limitations

statute of limitations (plural statutes of limitations)

(law) A law passed by a legislative body that sets a maximum time limit after an incident, in which legal proceedings may be initiated.

消滅時效

law that sets a time limit after some legal action may not take place — see also prescription


homologation

homologation (countable and uncountable, plural homologations)


man on the Clapham omnibus

man on the Clapham omnibus (plural (rare) men on the Clapham omnibus)

men on the Clapham omnibus (plural rare)

First put to legal use in a reported judgement by Sir Richard Henn Collins MR in the 1903 English Court of Appeal libel case, McQuire v. Western Morning News, who attributed it to Lord Bowen.

(UK, law) Any hypothetical reasonable person used by the Courts in considering questions of reasonableness; an everyman.


Jim Crow law

From the song Jump Jim Crow (c. 1830) which mockingly portrayed African-Americans. It became a generic term for African-Americans in the early- to mid-19th century.

(US, historical) Any law that racially segregated public facilities and which was enacted in Southern and border states in the United States between 1876 and 1965.


advowson

From Middle English avowson, from Anglo-Norman avouson, from Latin advocātiō. Doublet of advocation.

The advowson of the parsonages of Sempringham and Tirington, being the right of his father, he [St. Gilbert] was presented by him [his father] to those united livings, in 1123.

1866, Rev. Alban Butler, chapter IV, in The Lives of the Saints, volume II (February):

Advowson is the right to appoint the incumbent clergy of a parish, so three advowsons meant three incumbents.

2017, Ben Aaronovitch, The Furthest Station, Gollancz, page 88:

(UK, ecclesiastical law) The right to present a nominee to a vacant ecclesiastical benefice or church office.


counterparty

(finance, insurance, law) The other party to a financial transaction.


carceral

From Late Latin carcerālis (“carceral”), from Latin carcer (“jail, prison”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to bend, turn, in the sense of an enclosure”)) + -ālis (suffix forming relational adjectives).

der

[O]n his showing signs of penitence, through favour they were contented that he should be released from his carceral endurance, in case he would put in sufficient surety in the king's chancery, and swear that he would never hold or favour any such opinions hereafter. And so, taking an oath of him, the archbishop committed him to the custody of the bishop of Worcester, to whom power and authority were permitted to release him, upon the conditions aforesaid.

1855, John Foxe, “Book VI. Pertaining to the Last Three Hundred Years from the Loosing Out of Satan.”, in The Church Historians of England. Reformation Period. The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe. […], volume III, part II, [London]: Seeleys, […], →OCLC, page 582:

This moon-calf of the imagination binds your reason, sir, in carceral chains.

[1861?], Bracebridge Hemyng, “Coaches, Whales, and Wings”, in The Dark Cloud with the Silver Lining, London: James Blackwood, […], →OCLC, page 32:

For [Michel] Foucault makes no bones about it: we live – as direct heirs to the impulses and institutions first manifested in the high tide of rising of bourgeois society – under a ‘universal reign of the normative’ dominated by agents of normalcy and surveillance: the teacher-judge, the doctor-judge, the educator-judge, the social-worker-judge. And such a social world is plainly ‘a carceral network’ in ‘compact or disseminated forms’. […] The ‘carceral system’, therefore, extends ‘well beyond legal imprisonment’; prison is at bottom just its ‘pure form’ within a continuum of disciplinary apparatuses and ‘regional’ institutions.

1987, J[osé] G[uilherme] Merquior, “Charting Carceral Society”, in Foucault, Berkeley, Los Angeles, Calif.: University of California Press, →ISBN, pages 95–96:

Instead, this article seeks to demonstrate the extent to which evangelical and feminist antitrafficking activism has been fueled by a shared commitment to carceral paradigms of social, and in particular gender, justice (what I here develop as “carceral feminism”) and to militarized humanitarianism as the preeminent mode of engagement by the state.

2010 autumn, Elizabeth Bernstein, “Militarized Humanitarianism Meets Carceral Feminism: The Politics of Sex, Rights, and Freedom in Contemporary Antitrafficking Campaigns”, in Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, volume 36, number 1, Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 45–71:

Neoliberal penality and its earlier iterations have fertilized the carceral sphere. They have made possible, by resolving any possible cognitive dissonance, a world in which 71 percent of American respondents could favor the free-market economy as the very best system on which to base the future of the world and, at the very same time, live in a place that operates the world's biggest, most expensive, government-run, interventionist, prison system that incarcerates more than one out of every hundred adults in the country.

2011, Bernard E. Harcourt, “The Paris Marais and the Chicago Board of Trade”, in The Illusion of Free Markets: Punishment and the Myth of Natural Order, Cambridge, Mass., London: Harvard University Press, →ISBN, pages 42–43:

By legitimizing the conduct that produces this double consciousness, this case tells everyone, white and black, guilty and innocent, that an officer can verify your legal status at any time. It says that your body is subject to invasion while courts excuse the violation of your rights. It implies that you are not a citizen of a democracy but the subject of a carceral state, just waiting to be cataloged.

2016, Sonia Sotomayor, “Utah v. Strieff”, in U.S. Reports, volume 579, Washington, D.C.:

Whereas rates of COVID-19 vary nationwide, our results add to a growing body of literature epmhasizing high COVID-19 rates in carceral settings and the importance of testing and decarceration.

2020 August 21, Jiménez, M. C. et al., “Epidemiology of COVID-19 among incarcerated individuals and staff in Massachusetts jails and prisons”, in JAMA, →DOI:

(formal or literary) Of or pertaining to imprisonment or a prison.

سِجْنِيّ

of or pertaining to imprisonment or a prison

penitentiary

of or relating to the punishment of criminals


crowbar hotel

Many unfortunate suckers, finding themselves losers, even in an honest game, became obstreperous, and the services of the bouncer, or even of a resident gunhand, might be required to pacify them, after which the complainant would be hauled to the crowbar hotel to recover enough of his equanimity to appear peacefully before a justice of the peace.

1981, Watson Parker, Deadwood: The Golden Years, University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN, page 190:

Correctional Services Minister Nick Leluk often refers to his "guests" in his chain of "hotels". What do these guests have to do to earn their keep in Ontario's crowbar hotels?

1983 October 21, Orland French, “Gnomes grind out the gems”, in The Globe and Mail, Canada:

If Vick gets 18 months in the crowbar hotel, as speculated, that essentially means two seasons away from the NFL.

2007 August 22, Dave Perkins, “NFL will paper over Vick scandal”, in Toronto Star, Canada:


country of origin

en-noun

country of origin (plural countries of origin)

(law) The country in which a person or thing is deemed to have originated for the purposes of laws and regulations.


corpus delicti

From New Latin corpus dēlictī (literally “body of the crime”).

bor

(law) The evidence that a crime has occurred.


clawback

en-noun

clawback (countable and uncountable, plural clawbacks)

Deverbal from claw back. In the financial senses, refers to something being "clawed back", or reclaimed; in the sense of a flatterer, it suggests the idea of a person's back being scratched (see scratch someone's back).

(US law of evidence) A rule that permits a party to take back evidentiary materials that were mistakenly turned over to the other party but to which the other party would not have been entitled.

(US taxation law) Money that a party is entitled to keep under one tax provision but is taken by another tax provision.


semisweet chocolate

semisweet chocolate (countable and uncountable, plural semisweet chocolates)

clause (a) (3):
Semisweet chocolate or bittersweet chocolate is sweet chocolate that contains not less than 35 percent by weight of chocolate liquor complying with the requirements of Sec. 163.111 and calculated in the same manner as set forth in paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
clause (c), in part:
The name of the food is “sweet chocolate”, “sweet chocolate coating”, “semisweet chocolate”, “semisweet chocolate coating”, “bittersweet chocolate”, or “bittersweet chocolate coating”, as appropriate.

a. 1998, United States Code of Federal Regulations revised as of April 1, 1998, Title 21, Volume 2 and Chapter I, Part 163, Section 123 (21CFR163.123)

standards of identity
standard of identity

(uncountable, US law, standards of identity) See quotation.


subpoena duces tecum

subpoena duces tecum (plural subpoenas duces tecum)

(law) A writ requiring someone to appear in court to give testimony, and to bring something (usually documents) to accompany that testimony.


duces tecum

Learned borrowing from Latin duces tecum, from duces (“you will lead, you will guide”) + tecum (“with you”).


rap sheet

From RAP (“record of arrest and prosecution”) + sheet.

af

Three counts of breaking and entering, four counts of assault, seven misdemeanors for carrying illegal substances, and a partridge in a pear tree,” Paul finished with a smirk, handing the rap sheet to Mason.

Seeking a new approach, he applied for an editor position at the Earth First! Journal, an environmental newsletter in Eugene, Ore. His application included a copy of his rap sheet; he was hired immediately.

2022 May 26, Matthew Wolfe, “The Rise and Fall of America’s Environmentalist Underground”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(US, law, criminology) A printed police record of an individual's citations, arrests, convictions, and incarcerations, usually in a single jurisdiction.


adiate

en-verb

adiate (third-person singular simple present adiates, present participle adiating, simple past and past participle adiated)

adiates (present singular third-person)
adiating (participle present)
adiated (participle past)
adiated (past)

Coined in the mid-19th century. Latin adīre + -ate, cf Dutch adiëren.

If he adiates, the adiation should take place unconditionally and without limitation of time.

1844, Hercules Tennant, The Notary's Manual: Containing: Instructions for the Notaries at the Cape of Good Hope:

(South Africa, law) To receive an inheritance.


appealable

en-adj

appealable (comparative more appealable, superlative most appealable)

more appealable (comparative)
most appealable (superlative)

(law, of a verdict etc.) That may be appealed, or sent to a higher court for judgement.


demurrer to evidence

en-noun

demurrer to evidence (plural demurrers to evidence)

(law) A stop or pause by a party to an action in order to ask the court to determine the question of whether the evidence as it stands ought to be admitted, based on the law of admissibility of evidence.


M.D.

(law) Middle District, used in case citations to identify courts, particularly United States Federal courts designated to cover the central part of a multi-district state.


mesne

From Anglo-Norman mesne, a variant of moien. Doublet of mean.

a mesne lord

Thus all the land in the kingdom is supposed to be holden, mediately or immediately, of the sovereign, who is styled the lord paramount, or above all. Such tenants as held under the crown immediately, when they granted out portions of their lands to inferior persons, became also lords with respect to those inferior persons, as they were still tenants with respect to the king; and, thus partaking of a middle nature, were called mesne, or middle, lords. So that if the king granted a manor to A., and he granted a portion of the land to B., now B. was said to hold of A., and A. of the king ... A. was both tenant and lord, or was a mesne lord : and B. was called tenant paravail, or the lowest tenant; being he who was supposed to make avail or profit of the land.

1767, William Blackstone, “The Rights of Things”, in Commentaries on the Laws of England, volume 2, page 60:


mesne

Lord, mesne, and tenant; the tenant holdeth by four pence, and the mesne by twelve pence.

1628, Sir Edward Coke, Sir Thomas Littleton, Francis Hargrave, Charles Butler, Sir Matthew Hale, Heneage Finch Earl of Nottingham, The First Part of the Institutes of the Laws of England, Or, A Commentary Upon Littleton, 16th edition, volume 1, L. Hansard & Sons,, published 1809, page 20:


special damages

(law) Damages that can be quantified precisely, including such things as plaintiff's medical expenses, lost wages, and similar out-of-pocket costs (as contrasted with general damages, such as pain and suffering, which must be estimated).


lost wages

(law) Income that a plaintiff in a lawsuit would have received but for the actions of the defendant, and for which the defendant is therefore liable.


preceptive

en-adj

preceptive (comparative more preceptive, superlative most preceptive)

more preceptive (comparative)
most preceptive (superlative)

If it was necessary, that Christ as our surety should suffer the penalty of the law in our stead, because we have sinned; then it was also necessary that as our Surety, he should yield obedience to the preceptive part of the law also;

1677, John Owen, The Doctrine of Justification by Faith:

(law) Of, pertaining to, or based on precepts


distraint

en-noun

distraint (countable and uncountable, plural distraints)

From distrain, on the model of such pairs as constrain, constraint and restrain, restraint.

(law) The legal right of a landlord to seize the property of a tenant in the event of nonpayment of rent.


querele

(law, obsolete) A complaint to a court in Old English law.


querela

From Latin querēla (“complaint, grievance”).


ability to pay

ability to pay (plural abilities to pay)

ability-to-pay taxation

an ability-to-pay approach

Progressive taxes attempt to reduce the tax burden of people with a lower ability to pay.

(taxation, often attributive) An individual's level of wealth or income, as a measure of the tax rate they can afford to pay.


surrogatum

1800s. Latin, neuter singular of surrogatus

(Scots law) A thing put in the place of another; a substitute.


right of counsel

(US, law) The right of a person accused of a crime to consult with an attorney before speaking with police.


warrantless search

warrantless search (plural warrantless searches)

(US, law) A search of someone's body or property conducted by law enforcement personnel without the issuance of a search warrant.


fruit of the poisonous tree

fruit of the poisonous tree (plural fruits of the poisonous tree)

(US, law, idiomatic) Evidence that has been obtained as the result of an illegal act on the part of law enforcement personnel (such as an unlawful warrantless search, or continued questioning of a witness who has invoked the right of counsel), and which is therefore excluded from being admitted as evidence in a trial.


nuncupate

en-verb

nuncupate (third-person singular simple present nuncupates, present participle nuncupating, simple past and past participle nuncupated)

nuncupates (present singular third-person)
nuncupating (participle present)
nuncupated (participle past)
nuncupated (past)

Borrowed from Latin nuncupātus, past participle of nuncupō (“pronounce, name as heir”), contraction of nōmen (“name”) and capiō (“take, seize”).

(transitive, law) To declare, usually of a will, by word of mouth only.


REIT

real estate investment trust
w:real estate investment trust

(law) Acronym of real estate investment trust, an investment device where the holding company uses the funds invested to hold real estate.


sandbagging

en-noun

sandbagging (countable and uncountable, plural sandbaggings)

“Sandbagging” in the M&A legal context refers to the right of the buyer to seek indemnification for a breach of a seller’s reps and warranties even though the buyer had knowledge of the misrepresentation on which it is basing its claim prior to the closing date. U.S. case law on sandbagging varies widely across jurisdictions and is subject to change over time.

2017, Stephen M. Bainbridge, Mergers and Acquisitions: A Transactional Perspective, St. Paul, MN: Foundation Press, →ISBN, page 346:

In the United States, sandbagging is a matter of state law, and the state laws are inconsistent on the matter.

2023, Robin A. Boyle-Laisure, Teaching Contract Drafting, page 55:

(law, M&A) The act of bringing a claim for breach of a covenant or misrepresentation even though the person bringing the claim knew about the issue before closing the transaction and did it anyway.


circuit court

(law) A court that sits at more than one location in the district that it serves.


peace treaty

An agreement to end fighting or conflict.

مُعَاهَدَة سَلَام

an agreement to end fighting or conflict


commutate

en-verb

commutate (third-person singular simple present commutates, present participle commutating, simple past and past participle commutated)

commutates (present singular third-person)
commutating (participle present)
commutated (participle past)
commutated (past)

Back-formation from commutation (in the late 19th century), as is commutator (noun) too.

Specifically, the seminary was challenged by industrial millers who petitioned to build steam-powered mills and by large Montreal property holders who demanded that the crown commutate their lands.

1986, Brian J. Young, In Its Corporate Capacity: The Seminary of Montreal as a Business Institution 1816-1876., →ISBN, page 52:

(transitive, law) To remove or reduce the legal obligations or restrictions on


strata title

(Australia, Singapore, British Columbia) (law) A form of title over parts of real property, originally designed to facilitate ownership and mortgage of separate parts of a building, often on multiple levels. Usually some common property is the responsibility of all strata title holders via an owner's corporation.


quoad hunc

(law) With reference to the non-consummation of a marriage


uncopyrightability

(copyright law) The condition of being uncopyrightable.


shimming

(crime) The act of fraudulently copying a chip from a chip-and-pin card, such as found on credit cards and bank cards, through the use of a shimmer


Rand formula

From Supreme Court of Canada Justice Ivan C. Rand (1884–1969), who developed the formula in 1946.

collective agreement
collective agreement

(Canada, law) The principle, widely recognized in Canadian law and in collective agreements, that all employees of a unionized workplace must pay dues to the labor union, whether they choose to be members of the union or not.


right to choose

Strict abortion laws have been attacked in the courts, on the grounds that they violate a woman's fundamental right to choose whether or not to bear children.

1969 November 12, “Significant Step Taken on Abortion”, in St. Petersburg Times (Washington Post Service), retrieved 2009-03-22, page 7D:

(public policy, law, ethics) The moral or legal entitlement of a pregnant woman to make the full and final decision either to give birth to her child or to abort the fetus.

(public policy, law, ethics) The entitlement of a person to make the decision to end their own life through euthanasia.


right to life

(public policy, law, ethics) The right of a human being to the continuation of his or her life.

Texas Right to Life, a statewide, anti-abortion, anti-euthanasia organization, was organized last summer. Right to Life groups in Dallas and Houston have been active for some time.

1974-03, Martha Hume, "Abortions in Texas", Texas Monthly, page 65

That means women should have the right to be free about their own bodies. I believe a woman has a right to life. The opposition is an anti-freedom group, rather than, as they have very effectively called themselves, a right-to-life group.

1987-06, Dale Keiger, "The Quiet Minority", Cincinnati Magazine, page 68

(US, public policy, law, ethics) The moral or legal entitlement of an unborn child to be born, and not have its birth prevented through an abortion or other medical procedure.


pocket veto

en-noun

pocket veto (plural pocket vetoes or pocket vetos)

pocket vetoes (plural)
pocket vetos (plural)

(US) A (de facto) veto of a bill by the US President by restricting Congressional action on the bill, as, figuratively, by carrying the bill in his pocket until the deadline for signing it has passed.


avizandum

avizandum (countable and uncountable, plural avizandums)

From Late Latin avizō (“consider”), from Latin a + vīsō (“look carefully”).

The judge made avizandum with the cause.

(law) time for a judge to consider a case and reach a decision.


ab extra

First attested in the mid 17th century. Learned borrowing from Latin ab extra (literally “from outside”) From Late Latin ab (“from”) extra (“outside”).

learned borrowing

Sometimes I wonder if this country is being controlled ab extra.

The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles

Oxford University Press
w:Oxford University Press


quindecim

From Medieval Latin quindecima (“15th”), from quindecim (“15”). In reference to 2-week periods, based upon the Roman and medieval practice of counting inclusively.

(chiefly Christianity, archaic) Synonym of quindene, the 14th day after a festival, the fortnight after a festival.


ab intra

/ˌæb ˈɪn.tɹə/

Borrowed from New Latin ab intrā (“from within”).

We need to get information ab intra to win this case.


traverse

From Middle English traversen, from Old French traverser, from Latin trans (“across”) + versus (“turned”), perfect passive participle of Latin vertere (“to turn”).

(law) A formal denial of some matter of fact alleged by the opposite party in any stage of the pleadings. The technical words introducing a traverse are absque hoc ("without this", i.e. without what follows).


traverse

en-verb

traverse (third-person singular simple present traverses, present participle traversing, simple past and past participle traversed)

traverses (present singular third-person)
traversing (participle present)
traversed (participle past)
traversed (past)

Without their coſt, you terminate the cauſe; / And ſave th' expence of long litigious laws: / Where ſuits are travers'd; and ſo little won, / That he who conquers, is but laſt undone: […]

a. 1701 (date written), John Dryden, “Epistle the Thirteenth. To My Honoured Kinsman, John Dryden, of Chesterton, in the County of Huntingdon, Esq”, in The Miscellaneous Works of John Dryden, […], volume II, London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson, […], published 1760, →OCLC, page 186:


PHOSITA

person having ordinary skill in the art#English

(patent law) Abbreviation of person having ordinary skill in the art.


usufruct

From Late Latin ūsufrūctus, from ūsus + frūctus (“usage of the fruits of production”). Cognate with French usufruit, Italian usufrutto, usofrutto, Occitan usufrug, Portuguese usufruto, Spanish usufructo.

We ought to obſerve, that Uſufruct or Uſe for the Profits, and other ſort of Servitudes are the Rights which we enjoy gratuitouſly: For if we pay an Annual Rent, 'twill be then a kind of Letting or Hiring.

1729, [Samuel von Pufendorf], “Of Right over Other Mens Goods or Possessions”, in Basil Kennett, transl., Of the Law of Nature and Nations. Eight Books. Written in Latin by the Baron Pufendorf, Counsellor of State to His Late Swedish Majesty, and to the Late King of Prussia. …, 4th corr. edition, London: Printed for J. Walthoe, R. Wilkin, J. and J. Bonwicke, S. Birt, T. Ward, and T[homas] Osborne, →OCLC, page 407, § VII, footnote 1:

[T]eaching the Koran is not property; neither does usufruct constitute property (according to the sentiments of our doctors), because that is not substantial or permanent, whereas property is a thing of a permanent nature, and what constitutes actual wealth; […]

1870, [Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani], Standish Grove Grady, “Of the Mihr, or Dower”, in Charles Hamilton, transl., The Hedaya, or Guide: A Commentary on the Mussulman Laws, 2nd edition, volume I, London: W[illia]m H. Allen & Co., 13 Waterloo Place, S.W., →OCLC, book II (Of Nikkah, or Marriage), page 47, column 2:

In that old former time this one was Chang, that one was Eng. The sympathy existing between the two was most extraordinary; it was so fine, so strong, so subtle, that what the one ate the other digested; when one slept, the other snored; if one sold a thing, the other scooped the usufruct.

1888 November, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], “Dinner to Hamilton W[right] Mabie”, in Mark Twain’s Speeches, New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, published 1910, →OCLC:

Every American college president, it appears, is in duty bound to write and utter at least one book upon the nature, aims and usufructs of the Higher Education.

1931 September, H[enry] L[ouis] Mencken, “The Boon of Culture”, in The American Mercury, Torrance, Calif.: American Mercury, ISSN 0002-998X, →OCLC, page 36; reprinted in H. L. Mencken, editor, A Mencken Chrestomathy: Edited and Annotated by the Author, New York, N.Y.: Vintage Books, May 1982, part XVII (Pedagogy), page 313

International law recognizes a use right that is akin to the civil law usufruct or the common law life estate, lease, or profit. Like other property rights, such a usufruct may be characterized as an entitlement of a person that is related to an immovable or movable thing. It differs from ownership in certain respects. First, although the holder is entitled to the exclusive possession and use of the thing, and to all fruits it produces, he or she may not cause damage to the thing itself. Second, the duration of a usufruct may be limited in time, unlike ownership which is usually viewed as perpetual. Finally, the rights of the usufruct holder are effective against both the owner and the world in general.

2014, John G. Sprankling, “An International Definition of ‘Property’”, in The International Law of Property, Oxford, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN:

(law) The legal right to use and derive profit or benefit from property that belongs to another person, as long as the property is not damaged.


usufruct

usufruct (third-person singular simple present usufructs, present participle usufructing, simple past and past participle usufructed)

usufructs (present singular third-person)
usufructing (participle present)
usufructed (participle past)
usufructed (past)

An enabling myth is just that—a myth that enables those who benefit from the status quo to keep on benefiting. Thorstein Veblen would say that it enabled the usufructuaries to keep on usufructing.

1992, William M. Dugger, “Three Modes of Income Distribution”, in Underground Economics: A Decade of Institutionalist Dissent (Institutional Economics Series), Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, →ISBN, page 315:

The use of the property of an orphan by a guardian who carries out his guardianship, is allowed for the latter's daily subsistence. Such use should be just and reasonable. […] According to al-Sha'bá, such just and reasonable use is like usufructing the milk of cattle, having services from servants and riding animals or vehicles, as long as such usufruction does not impair or damage the property itself.

1994, Abdullah Alwi Haji Hassan, “Loans, Deposit and al-Ḥajr”, in Sales and Contracts in Early Islamic Commercial Law, Islamabad: Islamic Research Institute, International Islamic University, (Islamic Research Institute, Islamabad; no. 92), →OCLC; republished Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia: The Other Press, 2007, page 199

The El Ferrocarril newspaper on May 26, 1889 worried that foreign capital had transformed the nitrate region into "a kind of English India, usufructed [i.e. deriving profit from land which is not theirs] by a multitude of limited companies organized outside Chile, without any national interest, whose directors can easily come to understandings on monopolies of production and consumption, leaving the nation with a sovereignty more nominal than real" (author's translation).

2011, William Edmundson, The Nitrate King: A Biography of “Colonel” John Thomas North (Studies of the Americas), New York, N.Y.: Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN:

So they got together for a big meeting someplace and started an organization that would protect bullies from people who would not allow them to usufruct with impunity.

2012, Frederic Voss, “The Origins of Usufruct”, in The Newshawk Reports: The Writings of a Politically Incorrect Newsbird, [Bloomington, Ind.]: Xlibris, →ISBN, page 257:

[Lucio] Gutiérrez was sold to public opinion as an ally of the popular sectors, with the promise of putting an end to the oligarchic elites who had usufructed and seized the Ecuadorian state. The truth is that, once in power, Gutiérrez broke the pact with the indigenous sector; three years later, in April 2005, he was deposed from government.

2016, Octavio Humberto Moreno Velador, “The National-Popular Alternative and the Processes of Democratization from Below in the Andean Nations”, in Emelio Betances, Carlos Figueroa Ibarra, editors, Popular Sovereignty and Constituent Power in Latin America: Democracy from Below, New York, N.Y.: Palgrave Macmillan, →DOI, →ISBN, page 54:

(law, also figuratively) To use and derive profit or benefit from property that belongs to another person.

usufructuar

to use and derive profit or benefit from property that belongs to another person


service mark

(law) A trademark denoting the source of a service rather than a product.


hymenorrhaphy

(medicine) Reconstructive surgery in which a woman's hymen is restored to the unbroken condition ordinarily characteristic of virginity.


letter agreement

en-noun

letter agreement (plural letter agreements)

An agreement, specifically a legally binding contract, reached by the parties' exchange of letters.


cybercrime

cybercrime (countable and uncountable, plural cybercrimes)

(uncountable) Crime committed using computer networks.


copy protection

A software or hardware mechanism designed to prevent copying.


base rent

base rent (countable and uncountable, plural base rents)

(law) The amount of rent assessed before inclusion of additional expenses or other factors that increase the amount of rent to be paid.

perusvuokra

Rent paid before inclusion of other factors


legally binding

en-adj

legally binding (comparative more legally binding, superlative most legally binding)

more legally binding (comparative)
most legally binding (superlative)

A contract is a legally binding agreement.


nonapplication

(law) The failure to apply an existing law, rule, regulation etc.


lawyer up

en-verb

lawyer up (third-person singular simple present lawyers up, present participle lawyering up, simple past and past participle lawyered up)

lawyers up (present singular third-person)
lawyering up (participle present)
lawyered up (participle past)
lawyered up (past)

By the time patrol cars got to the friend's house, so had her lawyer. With her attorney running blocker, police could not even ascertain if Grubman had been driving the car, says Suffolk County district attorney James Catterson. "She was lawyered up, as we like to say."

2001 July 15, Amanda Ripley, “Rage Of The Hamptons”, in Time, archived from the original on 2012-03-29:

In the summer of 2019, when the boys are involved in the death of the young woman at that swimming hole, the parents of Barton Hills do what any caregivers might do, if they are rich or rich-adjacent. They lawyer up, and when this strategy fails to provide a sufficient shield between their boys and whatever they may or may not have been party to, the families up their game.

2022 April 5, Elizabeth Wetmore, “How Far Will Parents Go to Protect Their Sons?”, in The New York Times:

(intransitive, chiefly US, informal) To exercise one's right to legal representation; to engage the services of a lawyer.

Whenever we do business with those guys, we lawyer up to protect ourselves.

And I'll bet what you hated the most was that they identified me as a co-founder of Facebook, which I am. You better lawyer up asshole, because I'm not coming back for 30%, I'm coming back for EVERYTHING.

2010, Aaron Sorkin, The Social Network, spoken by Eduardo Saverin (Andrew Garfield):

(intransitive, chiefly US, informal, business) To conduct matters in accord with legal formalities or so as to avoid legal risk.

By the time we finished lawyering up the agreement, we didn't want to sign it.

(transitive, informal, business) To arrange in a way reflecting legal advice.


right to roam

Meanwhile, Scotland shows us a successful alternative to restrictive English laws, with a national “right to roam” – despite nearly 60% of its land being privately owned.

2023 January 17, Sophie Pavelle, “The Dartmoor wild camping ban further limits our right to roam. It must be fought”, in The Guardian:


freedom to roam

The Forestry Commission generally operated a freedom to roam policy whereby public access was not constrained except where young trees had been planted.

1998, Andrew Light, Jonathan M. Smith, Philosophy and Geography II: The Production of Public Space, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page 179:

The general public's right to access public or privately owned land for their own recreation or exercise.


hereditament

From mediaeval Latin hērēditāmentum, from late Latin hērēditō (“to inherit”), from hērēs (“heir”).

The captain […] had been greatly enamoured; that is to say, of Mr Allworthy's house and gardens, and of his lands, tenements, and hereditaments[…].

1749, Henry Fielding, Tom Jones, Folio Society, published 1979, page 25:

And be it further ordained and enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That […] the Domains, Lands, Reservations, Buildings, Messuages, Tenements, and Hereditaments within the said several Fiefs and Seigniories now held and possessed by them as Proprietors thereof, […] shall be and they are hereby confirmed and declared good, valid, and effectual in the Law […].

1840 June 8, C[harles] Poulett Thomson, “An Ordinance to incorporate the Ecclesiastics of the Seminary of Saint Sulpice of Montreal[No. 164 of 1840]”, in Copy of Ordinances Passed by the Governor and Special Council of Lower Canada, in the Third and Fourth Years of the Reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria (Accounts and Papers. United Kingdom. Parliament. House of Commons; 1841, session 1), volume XV, published 3 February 1841, →OCLC, pages 151–152:


AWDWWITK

(law, US) Initialism of assault with a deadly weapon with intent to kill.


GBI

(law) Initialism of great bodily injury. This term is American criminal justice jargon.


coparcenary

en-noun

coparcenary (countable and uncountable, plural coparcenaries)

From co- + parcenary (from the Old French parçonerie).

(law) Joint inheritance or ownership of property.

сона́следство

joint inheritance or ownership of property


mittimus

From Latin mittimus (the opening word of such a document), first-person plural of mittō (“send”).

Away George, away, raise the watch at Ludgate, and bring a Mittimus from the Iustice for this desperate villaine.

1607 (first performance), [Francis Beaumont], The Knight of the Burning Pestle, London: […] [Nicholas Okes] for Walter Burre, […], published 1613, →OCLC, Act III, signature F2, verso:

But she pertinaciously refused to make any response. So that he was about to make her mittimus to Bridewell when I departed.

1749, Henry Fielding, chapter X, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book IV:

(law, archaic outside the US) A warrant issued for someone to be taken into custody.


personal property

personal property (countable and uncountable, plural personal properties)

(law) Any property that is movable, that is, not real estate.


trover

trover (countable and uncountable, plural trovers)

Nominal use of Old French trover (“to find”).

How did he like it when the live creatures
Tickled and toused and browsed him all over,
And worm, slug, eft, with serious features
Came in, each one, for his right of trover?

1844, Robert Browning, "Garden Fancies," II. Sibrandus Schafnaburgennis

(law) Taking possession of personal property which has been found.

The pocket-book was a late present from Mrs Western […]. A prudent person […] would not have offered more than a shilling, or perhaps sixpence, for it; nay, some perhaps would have given nothing, and left the fellow to his action of trover, which some learned serjeants may doubt whether he could, under these circumstances, have maintained.

1749, Henry Fielding, Tom Jones, Folio Society, published 1973, page 431:

By a fiction of law, actions of trover are now permittedto be brought against any person who hath got into his possession by any means whatsoever the goods of another, and sold them or used them without the consent of the owner, or refused to deliver them when demanded.

1792, Richard Burns, John Burns, “Trover”, in A New Law Dictionary, volume II:

(law) A legal action brought to recover such property by its original owner.


petty theft

petty theft (countable and uncountable, plural petty thefts)

Coordinate term: grand larceny

A theft of property having a value lower than a certain small amount set forth in a statute, and considered to be a less serious class of crime.


unappealable

en-adj

unappealable (comparative more unappealable, superlative most unappealable)

more unappealable (comparative)
most unappealable (superlative)

(law, of a verdict etc) Not appealable; that may not be appealed, or sent to a higher court for a second judgement.

неподлежащ на обжалване

not appealable; that may not be appealed


legal recourse

(law) An action that can be taken by an individual or a corporation to attempt to remedy a legal difficulty.


adminicle

From Latin adminiculum (“support pole”).


copyfraud

A compound of copy + fraud. Coined in an August 2005 article, "Copyfraud" http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=787244 by Jason Mazzone, an Associate Professor of Law at Brooklyn Law School.

Copyfraud is falsely claiming copyright ownership of works in the public domain. […] Mazzone's article describes copyfraud within the context of US copyright law, but he points out that: ‘As a result of the Berne Convention, there are some basic similarities throughout much of the world.[’]

2006, Mark Jordan, Putting Content Online: A Practical Guide for Libraries, →ISBN, pages 47, 48:

The GPL and GPL FAQ don't say that applying a copyright and license (GPL) to Public Domain works after a trivial modification is copyfraud either, but it is.

2008 January 25, Rod Pemberton, “Re: modernization of FORTH, Age Results”, in comp.lang.forth (Usenet):

Made possible because people trust in the veracity of something that at times is nothing more than a chimera, copyfraud is a particularly acute problem when exacerbated by public institutions like museums.

2008, Eva Hemmungs Wirtén, “‘I am Two Mowglis’: Kipling, Disney, and a Lesson in How to Use (and Abuse) the Public Domain”, in Terms of Use: Negotiating the Jungle of the Intellectual Commons, →ISBN, page 105:

(law) False claims of copyright, such as a claim of copyright ownership of public domain material.


gallows bird

From gallows + bird. Compare virtually identical German construction Galgenvogel (literally “gallows-fowl" or "gallows-bird”), and French construction gibier de potence, as well as similar English jailbird.

Everybody along Long Wharf knows you called him a gallows bird. He's not used to it.

1943, Esther Hoskins Forbes, Johnny Tremain:

The story of the man who bit off his father's nose for rearing him as a gallows bird is as old as Aesop, but no known source before Brant mentions the son's name.

2012, Sebastian Brant, The Ship of Fools:

Before me stood not Philippe but a gallows bird no respectable citizen would want to meet up with on a lonely road.

2015, Paul Steinberg, Speak You Also: A Holocaust Memoir:

(archaic) A person who deserves, or is likely, to be hanged.


filiation

en-noun

filiation (countable and uncountable, plural filiations)

First attested in c. 1520. From French filiation

(countable, law) The determination of paternity.

The filiations are from a common stock.

(countable, law) One that is derived from a parent or source; an offshoot.


clinically dead

Twelve dogs have been brought back to life with no signs of permanent damage after being clinically dead for two hours.

1974, “Natural Sciences: Supercooling dogs,”, in Science News, volume 106, number 23, page 360:

(medicine, law) In a state in which usual medically observable vital signs—such as respiration, heartbeat, and corneal reflex—are not present, but from which patients are sometimes revived.


clinical death

clinical death (countable and uncountable, plural clinical deaths)

The body dies in stages, beginning at clinical death, then brain death, biological death, and finally, cellular death.

1988, Andrea K. Scott, “Death Unto Life: Anencephalic Infants as Organ Donors,”, in Virginia Law Review, volume 74, number 8, page 1533:

(medicine, law) A state in which usual medically observable vital signs—such as respiration, heartbeat, and corneal reflex—are not present, but from which patients are sometimes revived.

vdekja klinike

state in which usual vital signs are not present


officer-involved shooting

officer-involved shooting (plural officer-involved shootings)

(US, euphemistic) An incident in which a police officer shoots at another person.


substantive law

(law) The statutory or written law that governs rights and obligations of those who are subject to it.


procedural law

(law) The law that comprises the rule by which a court hears and determines what happens in civil or criminal proceedings.


gibbeting

gibbetings and executions


nonfeasance

nonfeasance (countable and uncountable, plural nonfeasances)

(law) The intentional failure to perform an official duty or legal requirement.

(law) The lack of liability associated with the failure to act.


toto caelo

/ˈtəʊtəʊˈsiːləʊ/

From Latin tōto (“whole, all”) + caelō (“heaven”), literally “by the whole [extent] of heaven”.

All which three, viz. Things as they are in themselves knowable; Actions as they depend on us, in order to Happiness; and the right use of Signs in order to Knowledge, being toto cælo different, they seemed to me to be the three great Provinces of the intellectual World, wholly separate and distinct one from another.

1689, John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, London: Thomas Basset, Book 4, Chapter 20, p. 362:

The Ingævones, according to Pliny’s own account, were the Chauci, &c. who were all on the west, not the east, so that he errs toto cælo.

1789, John Pinkerton, An Enquiry into the History of Scotland Preceding the Reign of Malcolm III. or the Year 1056, London: George Nicol, Volume 2, Appendix, p. 204:

[…] where local agents differed toto cælo in capacity and character, where the personnel was continually changing, the outcome was necessarily varied.

1903, W. E. B. Du Bois, chapter 2, in The Souls of Black Folk, Chicago: McClurg, page 31:

(law) By diametrical opposition, as far apart as possible.


actual malice

(law) In United States defamation law, the level of knowledge that must be demonstrated for a public figure to prevail as a plaintiff in a lawsuit for defamation; the defendant must have either known that information published about the plaintiff was false, or must have shown reckless disregard for the truth by not a making simple inquiry or investigation which would have disclosed it.


intestableness

(law) The state or characteristic of being legally disqualified from making a will, as by reason of being under the age of majority or mentally incompetent.


intestable

1838, S. Toller and F. Whitmarsh, The Law of Executors and Administrators, 7th ed., Saunders & Benning (London), ch. 1: Of Wills and Codicils, p. 11,
Outlaws also, though merely in civil cases, are intestable, in respect to their personal property, while their outlawry subsists.

(law) Not legally permitted to make a will, as by reason of being under the age of majority or mentally incompetent.


digital rights management

(computing) A set of access control technologies that restrict the use of proprietary hardware and digital files by an end user, so as to enforce copyright restrictions.

デジタル著作権管理

でじたるちょさくけんかんり


mobilia sequuntur personam

Latin mōbilia (“chattels”) + sequuntur (“they follow”) + persōnam (“person”) = “chattels follow the person”.

(law, archaic) Common law doctrine holding that personal property held by a person is governed by the same law that governs that person, so that if a person who is legally domiciled in one jurisdiction dies with property in a second jurisdiction, that property is legally treated as though it were in the first jurisdiction.


aggravated assault

aggravated assault (countable and uncountable, plural aggravated assaults)

(US criminal law) Assault with disregard for the value of life, or with a deadly weapon.


heavy cream

heavy cream (countable and uncountable, plural heavy creams)

(US standards of identity) Pasteurized cream at least 36 percent of which is milkfat, optionally homogenized, and optionally containing added flavor, nutritive sweetener, emulsifier, or stabilizer.


light cream

The standard of identity is from 21 CFR §131.155.

(US standards of identity) Pasteurized cream at least 18 percent of which, but less than 30% of which, is milkfat, optionally homogenized, and optionally containing added flavor, nutritive sweetener, emulsifier, or stabilizer.


OIC

(law enforcement) Initialism of officer in the case.


verbatim et literatim

Latin verbātim (“word-for-word”) + et (“and”) + līterātim (“letter-for-letter”).

This fact is not otherwise important than as it tends to prove, that no verbatim et literatim copy of the original has as yet been published.

1825, Sir Nicholas Harris Nicolas, A Synopsis of the Peerage of England: Exhibiting, under Alphabetical Arrangement, The Date of Creation, Descent, and Present State of Every Title of Peerage Which has Existed in this Country since the Conquest. In Two Volumes, page 807:

It is true the pardon was granted with so many precautions and conclusions, especially as regarded the poor bridegroom, that, if delivered as it was received, verbatim et liberatim, Mrs. Palmer could not fail to be assured it would be rejected, not only by the gentleman, but the fond wife, who honoured not less than she loved him.

1838 (date written), L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XVI, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], published 1842, →OCLC, page 210:

The only liberty which has been taken in reprinting this Dedication, is in reference to the supplying of modern punctuation, and the division of it into paragraphs; but in other respects it is given verbatim et literatim.

Following is a copy of a letter received last week from a man in Texas by a bran company here, given verbatim et literatim: […]

1902 October 13, R. E. Sterling, “Kansas Department”, in The Northwestern Miller, volume 54, number 16, Minneapolis, Minn.: The Miller Publishing Co., published 1902 October 15, page 795, column 4:

But the meaning is in all cases clearly conveyed, and, in justice both to the author and the reader, they have been printed verbatim et literatim, as in the original manuscripts.

2004, Peter Esprit Radisson, Voyages of Peter Esprit Radisson, page 2:


obligor

(law, finance) The party bearing a legal obligation to another party (the obligee).


refoulement

refoulement (countable and uncountable, plural refoulements)

/ɹəˈfuːlmɒ̃/

Borrowed from French refoulement (“act of pushing something back (as gunpowder into a gun barrel, or water by a dam); act of water overflowing; forced relocation of a group of people; forced repatriation of asylum-seekers or refugees”), from refouler (“to cause to flow or turn back; to repress, suppress; to repulse; to trample on again”) (from re- (prefix meaning ‘again’) + fouler (“to impress, stamp; to trample, walk on; to mistreat, oppress”) (ultimately from Medieval Latin fullare (“to make cloth denser and firmer by soaking, beating and pressing, to full”), from Latin fullō (“one who fulls cloth, fuller”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃- (“to blow; to inflate, swell”)) + -ment (suffix forming nouns from verbs, usually denoting resulting actions or states).

der

He also expressed concern that at the same time there could be cases of refoulement with asylum seekers being returned to their countries of origin, where they are at risk of persecution and in an apparent breach of international law.

2020 August 26, Gabriel Ewepu-Abuja, “AYM [Afrika Youth Movement] receives UNESCO’s Support to Create Awareness on Migration, COVID-19 in Nigeria, 7 Others”, in Vanguard, Lagos, Nigeria: Vanguard Media:

(international law, uncountable) The sending of a refugee involuntarily to a geographic region where they will likely experience substantial harm; (countable) an instance of this.

palauttaminen vaaralliselle alueelle

The sending of a refugee involuntarily to a geographic region where they will likely experience substantial harm; an instance of this


in court

See you in court!

(law) Inside of a courthouse, for a legal trial.


plea bargaining

(law) The process of negotiating a verdict and sentence without a complete trial.

認罪協商

negotiating a verdict and sentence without a trial


cop a plea

en-verb

cop a plea (third-person singular simple present cops a plea, present participle copping a plea, simple past and past participle copped a plea)

cops a plea (present singular third-person)
copping a plea (participle present)
copped a plea (participle past)
copped a plea (past)

But blow wise to this, buddy, blow wise to this: Never play cards with a man called Doc. Never eat at a place called Mom's. Never sleep with a woman whose troubles are worse than your own. Never let nobody talk you into shaking another man's jolt. And never you cop another man's plea. I've tried 'em all and I know. They don't work.

1958, Nelson Algren, A Walk on the Wild Side, page 312:

(slang, law) To plead guilty to a lesser criminal charge than one had been charged with.


restitutor

(chiefly law) One who (or that which) restores or makes restitution.


servient

en-adj

servient (comparative more servient, superlative most servient)

more servient (comparative)
most servient (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin serviēns, servientis. Doublet of servant and sergeant.

servient youth, and magisterial eld


fugitive from justice

en-noun

fugitive from justice (plural fugitives from justice)

(US, law) A person who is convicted or accused of a crime and who then flees from law enforcement and runs across state lines to evade arrest.


trust fund

(law) Property held by a trustee in a trust established by a grantor for a beneficiary.

Treuhandfonds

property held by a trustee for a beneficiary


ejusdem generis

From Latin ejusdem generis ("of the same kind").

I would submit to the court that in order to determine the legislature's intent of the final phrase we need to apply the interpretive maxim of ejusdem generis to the sentence that contains the sequence.

Or what relation has debating \ Of church-affairs with bear-baiting? \ A just comparison still is \ Of things ejusdem generis: \ And then what genus rightly doth \ Include, and comprehend them both?

1663, Samuel Butler, Hudibras (poem), London, →OCLC, →OL, Part 1, canto 1, lines 853–858:

Ejusdem Generis: Where general words follow specific words in a statutory enumeration, the general words are construed to embrace only objects similar in nature to those objects enumerated by the preceding specific words. Where the opposite sequence is found, i.e., specific words following general ones, the doctrine is equally applicable, and restricts application of the general term to things that are similar to those enumerated.

1984 [1891], N. J. Singer, C. D. Sands, J. G. Sutherland, Statutes and statutory construction, 4th edition (reference; hardcover), Chicago: Callaghan, revision of Statutes and Statutory Construction by Sutherland, →OCLC, §47.17:

The wording of §1 calls for the application of the maxim ejusdem generis, the statutory canon that "[w]here general words follow specific words in a statutory enumeration, the general words are construed to embrace only objects similar in nature to those objects enumerated by the preceding specific words."

2001 March 21, Anthony M Kennedy, Supreme Court of the United States, Circuit City Stores, Inc. v. Adams, 532 U.S. 105 (United States Reports; 532) (judicial opinion), Washington, DC: Supreme Court, →ISBN, Court's majority opinion, page 114:

(law) A canon of construction holding that when a general term follows a list of particular terms, the general term only applies to things similar to the particular terms. For example, in the list "sun, moon, and other large objects", the phrase "other large objects" only includes celestial bodies, not houses and elephants.


tivoization

/ˈtiːvəʊ.ɪˌzeɪʃən/

From TiVo + -ization. Coined by Richard Stallman in 2007, in reference to TiVo's use of GNU GPL-licensed software on the TiVo brand digital video recorders.

(computing, copyright law) The creation of a system that incorporates software under the terms of a copyleft software license, but uses hardware to prevent users from running modified versions of the software on that hardware.


pay-to-play

Davis's pay-to-play reputation, demanding donations before he would consider policies or appointments favorable to the potential donors, was used against him.

2004, Larry N. Gerston, Terry Christensen, Recall!: California's Political Earthquake:

(by extension, politics, of a politician or a party) Accepting donations in exchange for favors; corrupt.


power behind the throne

power behind the throne (plural powers behind the throne or powers behind thrones)

powers behind the throne (plural)
powers behind thrones (plural)

(idiomatic) Someone who appears to be without special status, but who has great covert influence on a person in authority.


safe harbor

(business, law) A statutory, regulatory, or contractual provision that provides protection, usually from a penalty or liability.


riot gear

All the protective clothing, shields and weaponry worn or carried by a force attempting to control a riot.

tenuta antisommossa

protective clothing worn by a force controlling a riot


promisor

Each of two or more joint promisors may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally with himself to the performance of the promise, unless a contrary intention appears from the contract.

1873, Andrew Lyon, Law of India, Volume 1: The Codes, page 15:

[…]the creditor may request the promisor to perform his obligation to a third party.

2018, Adrian Briggs, Andrew Burrows, “Chapter 22: Formation and Third Party Rights in the Myanmar Law of Contract”, in Mindy Chen-Wishart, Alexander Loke, Stefan Vogenauer, editors, Formation and Third Party Beneficiaries, Oxford University Press, page 476:

This may be attributable to a personal mistake of the promisor or negligence of her estate planner.

2022, Alexandra Braun, Claiming a Promised Inheritance: A Comparative Study, Oxford University Press, page 105:

w:Webster's Dictionary#Webster's New International Dictionary 1909

(law, finance) One who engages or undertakes; a promiser.


parol

from Middle French parole, from Latin parabola, from Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ). Doublet of parable.

Parol, or extrinsic evidence should only be used where it may clarify ambiguous terms of a contract.


parol

Leases , like other conveyances , were good at common law If by deed , by parol

1765–1769, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, (please specify |book=I to IV), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC:


extrajudicial

An extrajudicial conveyance is effected by the act of the parties and does not involve, as in the fine and recovery, judicial proceedings.

(law) Out of or beyond the power or authority of a court or judge; beyond jurisdiction.

(law, of a punishment) Carried out without legal authority.


archmurderer

(rare) One who kills many people; a murderer who surpasses the profile of a normal serial killer.


partner in crime

partner in crime (plural partners in crime)


porrect

en-verb

porrect (third-person singular simple present porrects, present participle porrecting, simple past and past participle porrected)

porrects (present singular third-person)
porrecting (participle present)
porrected (participle past)
porrected (past)

From Latin porrectus, past participle of porrigō (“stretch out”).

The Court said, it was a general rule, that the Wife's Proctor, at this stage of the cause, was at liberty to porrect his Bill of Costs, as against the Husband.

1824, Thomas Poynter, A Concise View of the Doctrine and Practice of the Ecclesiastical Courts in Doctors' Commons:

(law) To proffer (a document) for inspection.


obligator

It should here be explained that in this form of natural-law theory, there is a distinction between the "obligator" who puts us under the obligation to do our duty, and the beneficiary of this duty.

1993, Michael J. Lacey, Knud Haakonssen, A culture of rights: the Bill of Rights in philosophy, politics, and law, page 29:

(law) One who establishes an obligation under law


headborough

(historical, law) Synonym of tithingman: the head of a tithing.

(historical, law) Synonym of tithingman: a peace officer or underconstable.


insider trading

Wall Street wants repeal of the provisions for penalizing executives (and large stockholders) who trade in their company's securities. It claims that publicity on such "insider" trading is enough.

1942 February 9, “Back to Philadelphia”, in Time:

The aim of insider trading law is simple: prohibit people from profiting from advance knowledge of a stock-moving event—be it a merger, an earnings warning or a soon-to-be-published news story.

2003 June 5, Jake Ulick, “Insider trading: A primer”, in CNNMoney.com, retrieved 2008-10-25:

(business, finance, law) The illegal trading of a public company's stock or other securities based on material, nonpublic information about the company.

內線交易

trading of securities by a person who has privileged access to information

insájdɛrskije torgóvyje operácii s cénnymi bumágami

инса́йдерские торго́вые опера́ции с це́нными бума́гами


forfeitability

The forfeitability of the claimant’s vehicle was likely due to the fact that she, the claimant, had sold illegal narcotics from the vehicle on three separate occasions.


deodand

From Anglo-Norman deodande, from Latin deodandum, from Deo dandum (“to be given to God”).

Really, it’s hard not to wonder whether some current civil forfeiture practices represent much less than a revival of the archaic common-law deodand.

2024 May 9, Neil Gorsuch, “CULLEY ET AL. v. MARSHALL, ATTORNEY GENERAL OF ALABAMA, ET AL.”, in Opinions, Supreme Court of the United States:

(historical, law) An object forfeited to the state (and supposedly to God) because it had caused the death of a person.

pay the deodand

(historical, law) A fine equal to the value of this object, paid by the owner of the object.


preponderance of evidence

preponderance of the evidence
preponderance of the evidence#English

(law) Alternative spelling of preponderance of the evidence


extradotal

(obsolete, law) Describing the part of a wife's property that does not form part of her dowry and is administered by her husband


de minimis non curat lex

(law) The law does not concern itself with trifles; expression of the rule that the law will not remedy an injury that is minimal.


collateralized

en-adj

collateralized (comparative more collateralized, superlative most collateralized)

more collateralized (comparative)
most collateralized (superlative)

(law) Secured by a pledge of collateral.


prior art

The significance of this language in section 102(e)(2) is that a PCT application can serve as prior art even though the applicant never files in the United States.

2022, Craig Allen Nard, The Law of Patents, Aspen Publishing, →ISBN:

(patent law) In most systems of patent law, all information that has been made available to the public in any form before a given date that might be relevant to a patent's claims of originality, and to which the patent application is compared to determine if it in fact describes a new invention.

tekniikan taso

information that has been made available to the public — see also state of the art

the level of knowledge that was public prior to the patent


FRAND

(law) Abbreviation of fair, reasonable and nondiscriminatory: a standard used with respect to licensing.


hypothecary

Their only real advantage now is that the hypothecary can obtain an order of attachment, […]

1983, Brian Reginald Bamford, The Law of Shipping and Carriage in South Africa, page 24:

(law) The holder of a hypothec, or pledge


honour killing

The prevailing patriarchal and misogynist practices prevailing in Muslim countries have created an association between Muslim countries and honour killing in the public mind. However, according to UNICEF, the practice of honour killing is an ancient one and involves men killing female relatives in the name of family honour for forced or suspected sexual activity outside marriage, even when the women have been victims of rape.

2008, Riaz Hassan, Inside Muslim Minds, Melbourne University Press, page 200:

Such honour killings are justified by quoting Sura 4:15. A man who kills his wife, mother, daughter or sister for sexual indiscretion or for eloping (both acts that are regarded as bringing dishonour to the family) is either lightly fined or immune from prosecution.

2009, John Azumah, My Neighbour's Faith: Islam Explained for African Christians, WordAlive Publishers, unnumbered page:

What is true of forced marriages is also true of the horrific practice of ‘honour’ killings, a term that acts as a fig leaf for the (often premeditated) murder of young women who have supposedly brought ‘shame’ to the honour of families.

2011, Ali Rattansi, Multiculturalism: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press, page 55:

(euphemistic) A typically Middle Eastern and South Asian cultural practice whereby a family member, usually female, is murdered by other family members, the act being justified as retribution for a (usually sexual) slight upon the family's honour.

רֶצַח עַל חִלּוּל כָּבוֹד הַמִּשְׁפָּחָה


constructive notice

(law) A notice of a fact which is created by an operation of law, despite a lack of an actual notice.


ground game

en-noun

ground game (countable and uncountable, plural ground games)

1. Every occupier of land shall have, as incident to and inseparable from his occupation of the land, the right to kill and take ground game thereon, concurrently with any other person who may be entitled to kill and take ground game on the same land.

(British, law, uncountable) Rabbits and hares


W.D.

(law) Initialism of Western District, used in case citations to identify courts, particularly United States Federal courts designated to cover the western part of a multi-district state.


E.D.

(law) Initialism of Eastern District, used in case citations to identify courts, particularly United States Federal courts designated to cover the eastern part of a multi-district state.


attorney of record

attorney of record (plural attorneys of record)

(law) In a legal proceeding, an attorney who has submitted his name to the court or tribunal as the person responsible for representation of the client, irrespective of which attorneys perform work for that client.


N.D.

(law) Northern District, used in case citations to identify courts, particularly United States federal courts designated to cover the northern part of a multi-district state


S.D.

United States Federal courts
w:United States Federal court

(law) Abbreviation of Southern District. Used in case citations to identify courts, particularly United States Federal courts designated to cover the southern part of a multi-district state.


C.D.

(law) Central District, used in case citations to identify courts, particularly United States Federal courts designated to cover the central part of a multi-district state.


5th Cir.

w:United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit

(law) Abbreviation of United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.


Ct. of App.

court of appeals
court of appeals#English


9th Cir.

w:United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit

(law) Abbreviation of United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.


4th Cir.

w:United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit

(law) Abbreviation of United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit.


1st Cir.

w:United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit

(law) Abbreviation of United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit.


2d Cir.

w:United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit

(law) Abbreviation of United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.


6th Cir.

w:United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit

(law) Abbreviation of United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit.


Fed. Cir.

w:United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit

(law) Abbreviation of United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.


10th Cir.

w:United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit

(law) Abbreviation of United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit.


7th Cir.

w:United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit

(law) Abbreviation of United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit.


11th Cir.

w:United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit

(law) Abbreviation of United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit.


8th Cir.

w:United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit

(law) Abbreviation of United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit.


D.C. Cir.

w:United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit

(law) Abbreviation of United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.


3d Cir.

w:United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit

(law) Abbreviation of United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit.


litogen

(US, informal, law) Any drug or similar substance, administered during pregnancy, that though probably harmless can lead to lawsuits


bailment

(law) The handing over of control over, or possession of, personal property by one person, the bailor, to another, the bailee, for a specific purpose upon which the parties have agreed.


free as in speech

(used only predicatively) Free in the sense of having no restrictions; libre.


graymail

From gray + mail: in the threat sense, by analogy with blackmail.

(US, law) The threatened exposure of state secrets in order to manipulate legal proceedings.


graymail

en-verb

graymail (third-person singular simple present graymails, present participle graymailing, simple past and past participle graymailed)

graymails (present singular third-person)
graymailing (participle present)
graymailed (participle past)
graymailed (past)

(US, law) To threaten exposure of state secrets in order to manipulate legal proceedings.


obligee

(law, finance) The party owed an obligation by another party, the obligor.


buy off

buy off (third-person singular simple present buys off, present participle buying off, simple past and past participle bought off)

buys off (present singular third-person)
buying off (participle present)
bought off (participle past)
bought off (past)

Then, Sir, as to Bribery and Corruption at Elections ... every Elector has a natural Byass to vote for one Man rather than another, and every Elector will vote according to his natural Byass, if he is not bought off: whoever endeavours to buy him off, must certainly come up to his Price, and this Price will be higher or lower, according to the Elector's Honour and Circumstances, and the natural Byass he has for the other Candidate. A great many Men may be perhaps bought off with 100 or 1000 Guineas, who, if half that sum were offered, would spurn it away with an honest Disdain.

1742, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, The history and proceedings of the House of Commons from the Restoration to the present time, Volume 8, page 166:

You like to hear about gold.
A king filled his prison room
As full as the room could hold
To the top of his reach on the wall
With every known shape of the stuff.
’Twas to buy himself off his doom.

1936, Robert Frost, “The Vindictives”, in A Further Range:

(transitive) To pay off, convince to refrain etc. by corrupt payment or other service.


issuable

(law) Leading to, producing, or relating to, an issue; capable of being made an issue at law.

a writ issuable on these grounds


citator

From Latin citator, agent noun of citare (“to cite”).

A citator will tell you the history and treatment of a case or of a statute or constitutional provision.

1980, Robert Stuart Lorch, Democratic Process and Administrative Law, →ISBN, page 70:

(law) An index of citations of legal cases and other sources


shop right

(US, law) In United States patent law, an implied license under which a firm may use a patented invention, invented by an employee who was working within the scope of their employment, using the firms' equipment, or inventing at the firms' expense.


Fed. Cl.

(law) United States Court of Federal Claims, as used in case citation.


case reporter

(law) A bound volume containing printed legal opinions from a specific jurisdiction.


dessert wine

en-noun

dessert wine (countable and uncountable, plural dessert wines)

The standard of identity is from the Code of Federal Regulations, title 27, section 4.21(a)(3).

standards of identity
standard of identity

(US standards of identity) Grape wine with an alcohol content of more than fourteen, but at most twenty-four, percent, by volume.


person of ordinary skill in the art

person of ordinary skill in the art (plural persons of ordinary skill in the art or people of ordinary skill in the art)

persons of ordinary skill in the art (plural)
people of ordinary skill in the art (plural)

(US, law) In United States patent law, the hypothetical individual whose likely knowledge determines whether an improvement on existing technology would be obvious, and therefore not patentable.


BPAI

w:Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences

(law) Abbreviation of Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences.


prosecution history

prosecution history (plural prosecution histories)

(US, law) The record of the examination of a patent application, including the original application, responses made by the examiner, and amendments made by the applicant to address objections raised by the examiner.


derivative work

derivative work (plural derivative works)

(law) In copyright law, a work that is a variation of an original work sufficiently similar to contain protected elements of the original work, but sufficiently different to qualify for copyright protection independent of the original work.


M.D. Ala.

(law) United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama, as used in case citations.


N.D. Ala.

(law) United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama, as used in case citations.


S.D. Ala.

(law) United States District Court for the Southern District of Alabama, as used in case citations.


S.D.N.Y.

United States District Court
United States District Court#English

(US, law) Abbreviation of Southern District of New York. (The federal jurisdiction (district) containing the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York)

United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, as used in case citations.

Various law enforcement bodies associated with the district, such as the prosecutor's office (U.S. Attorney)

“I have heard from a good number of people in the S.D.N.Y. who have said, ‘Why the heck would Todd do this — why would he ever take this case?’” said Elie Honig, the CNN senior legal analyst, who worked with Mr. Blanche at the Southern District and speaks highly of him.

2024 April 4, Maggie Haberman, Ben Protess, Alan Feuer, “Trump’s Trial Lawyer Gambled a Gilded Manhattan Career to Represent Him”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


debt instrument

debt instrument (plural debt instruments)

In this case, Entity A would be required to separate the equity conversion option (the embedded derivative) from the host debt instrument

2005, Abbas Ali Mirza, Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Workbook, page 235:

The creditworthiness of a publicly traded debt instrument is often judged in terms of the credit ratings assigned to it by investment rating

2005, James C. Van Horne with John Martin Wachowicz, Fundamentals of Financial Management, page 525:

(finance, law) A document evidencing a debt; the debt so evidenced.


NDA

‘Thereʼs a fairly ferocious NDA involved.’

2020, Ben Aaronovitch, False Value, Gollancz, page 82:

And how is her love life these days? “People bring up NDAs,” she said. “It’s come up. At least as a joke.”

2024 February 16, Minju Pak, quoting Young Kim, “Ode to a Punk Rock ‘Sex God’”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

For me, the craziest parties I've been to I should’ve signed NDAs for. So out of respect for those involved, I'm not gonna clock their tea. So let me keep some of those memories in my memory bank.

2024 May 10, Justin Moran, quoting Isaac Dunbar, “Isaac Dunbar and Kerri Colby Were Built for This”, in Paper:

non-disclosure agreement
non-disclosure agreement#English

(law, business) Initialism of non-disclosure agreement.


NDA

In general, there are two major types of prescription drug applications to obtain agency product approval, which are NDA and ANDA.

2021, Julia Huang, “What Is A CBE 30 Filing? What Is A PAS? What's The Difference Between ANDA And NDA?”, in Pharmaceutical Online:

New Drug Application
w:New Drug Application

(US, law) Initialism of New Drug Application, an application for approval by the Food and Drug Administration of a new pharmaceutical compound for introduction to the market.


rulemaking

Having conducted 15 negotiated rulemakings for five federal agencies, I expected OSHA to publish the rule in 2006.

2008 June 12, Susan Podziba, “Safety Starts at the Top”, in New York Times:

(law) The act or process of creating rules, especially regulations (as opposed to statutes).


non-disclosure agreement

non-disclosure agreement (plural non-disclosure agreements)

Shepard: What sort of work do you do here?
Dr. Palon: I can't say. I signed a non-disclosure agreement. If we survive, I'd like to keep my job.
Dr. Palon: The location is terrible, but the pay is better than any other commercial lab.

2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Rift Station, Noveria:

Due to Non-Disclosure Agreements, he was unable to confirm too much regarding the work on the '92s', […].

2021 January 27, “Network News: Hydro-treated Vegetable Oil performs well in DBC tests”, in RAIL, issue 923, page 11:

(law, business) A contract that enjoins a party not to disclose certain information.

اِتِّفَاقِيَّة عَدَم الإِفْصَاح

contract not to disclose certain information

all also with -erklärung f and rarely -abrede


summing up

summing up (plural summings up or summing ups)

summings up (plural)
summing ups (plural)

Here is one of the most masterly summing ups of the present industrial warfare 'between men and women that has come to this column. It shows the present dilemma and how it has come to be, but it does not suggest a solution, for the writer realizes, in common with most thinking people, that at present there is no solution.

1921 September 1, “Cry on Geraldine’s Shoulder”, in Oakland Tribune, volume XCV, number 53, Oakland, Calif.: Tribune Publishing Co., page 10, column 6:

SOME SUMMING UPS / A lawyer’s opening address is properly a short talk to arouse interest in a selling proposition, the evidence is the sample and the summing up a final effort to close the sale.

1922, Robert Stewart Sutliffe, Impressions of an Average Juryman, New York, N.Y.: Herbert H. Foster, page 36:

What the English call in their courts the trial judge’s “summing up” we call in our country the “charge to the jury.” […] When I have contrasted the exercise of this judicial function, as I have been reading summing ups and charges to the jury, the superiority of the summing up of the British judge over the charge to the jury of the American judge for all beneficial purposes has been clearly seen.

1956, Marshall Van Winkle, “The Bond Street Mystery: The Two Trials of Madame Rachel”, in Sixty Famous Cases: 29 English Cases – 31 American Cases, from 1778 to the Present, volume 1, Long Branch, N.J.: Warren S. Ayres, →LCCN, pages 67–68:

A summary of the main points, especially (law) a judge's recapitulation of the evidence given to a jury before it withdraws to consider its verdict.


solicitee

(law) The recipient of a solicitation; one who is solicited


CDS

CDS (countable and uncountable, plural CDSs or CDSes or CDS)

CDSs (plural)
CDSes (plural)
CDS (plural)

Controlled Dangerous Substances
Controlled Dangerous Substances#English

(law, US, Maryland) Initialism of Controlled Dangerous Substances.


gaming board

A governmental agency that regulates casino and other types of gaming in a defined geographical area, usually a state, and of enforcing gambling law in general.


rayah

From Turkish reaya, from Arabic رَعَايَا (raʕāyā), plural of رَعِيَّة (raʕiyya).

der

Arabic رَعَايَا (raʕāyā)

(derogatory) A member of the tax-paying lower class of Ottoman society.


best efforts

en-noun

best efforts pl (normally plural, singular best effort)

(law) An assurance of good-faith effort to achieve best results under prevailing circumstances.


psyops

psyops pl (normally plural, singular psyop)

‘Russia Today’, he said, his finger marking each syllable with a thud on the table in front of us, ‘is psy-ops’—short for psychological operations. […] ‘It is run directly from the Kremlin. It's following Kremlin's narratives. It's a psy-ops operation. And it's black psy-ops.’

2018, Carl Miller, quoting Mark Laity, chapter 6, in The Death of the Gods […] , William Heinemann, →ISBN:

Techniques used by military and police forces to influence the beliefs, emotions and behaviour of citizens.


nonpatentable

(law) Not patentable; not subject to patent protection.


patentable

en-adj

patentable (comparative more patentable, superlative most patentable)

more patentable (comparative)
most patentable (superlative)

The funding gap is not the sole, or primary reason so few drugs are approved. Whether a product is patentable, and therefore profitable for a pharmaceutical company, is a major determinant in the rate at which it will proceed along the NIH process.

1988 August 13, Miranda Kolbe, “A PWA Movement of Guerrilla Clinics”, in Gay Community News, volume 16, number 5, page 8:

(law) Able to be protected by a patent; for which a patent can be granted.


implead

en-verb

implead (third-person singular simple present impleads, present participle impleading, simple past and past participle impleaded or impled)

impleads (present singular third-person)
impleading (participle present)
impleaded (participle past)
impleaded (past)
impled (participle past)
impled (past)

(law) to sue in court, raise an action against a defendant


affeerment

(obsolete, law) The act of affeering or assessing an amercement, according to the circumstances of the case.


shareholders' derivative action

en-noun

shareholders' derivative action (plural shareholders' derivative actions)

shareholders' derivative actions (plural)

(US, law) A lawsuit brought on behalf of a corporation by a shareholder in that corporation, against a third party usually an insider of the corporation, such as an executive officer or director.


affeer

en-verb

affeer (third-person singular simple present affeers, present participle affeering, simple past and past participle affeered)

affeers (present singular third-person)
affeering (participle present)
affeered (participle past)
affeered (past)

From Middle English afferen, aferen, from Old French aferer, afuerer, afeurer, aforer, from Medieval Latin afforāre.

(transitive, obsolete, law) To assess or reduce an arbitrary penalty or amercement to a precise sum; to fix the market value of.


corporate tax

Corporate taxes were levied on capital or net income, subject to an annual minimum.

(economics) A tax levied on a corporation, especially on its profits; corporation tax

yhteisövero

tax levied on the profit of corporations


anticircumvention

The anticircumvention and rights-management provisions have been the focus of nearly all opposition to Title I and of much of the opposition to the DMCA as a whole.

2006, Aaron Schwabach, Internet and the Law: Technology, Society, and Compromises, page 91:

(law) In opposition to circumvention of a prohibition, or of a means to carry out a prohibition.


preponderance of the evidence

en-noun

preponderance of the evidence (uncountable)

(law) A legal standard, applied in many jurisdictions for deciding the outcome of civil disputes, which requires that evidence be sufficient to determine that a claim is more likely to be true than not.


clear and convincing evidence

clear and convincing evidence (uncountable)

(law) A legal standard for deciding the outcome of a dispute: evidence that clearly indicates that a claim is more likely to be true than not, without needing to eliminate all doubt.

(no exact equivalent exists; literal translation given) 清晰而有說服力的證據


beyond a reasonable doubt

(law) A legal standard for deciding the outcome of a criminal charge, requiring evidence that is sufficient to eliminate any doubts that a reasonable person might entertain about whether a claim is true or false.


crime against nature

crime against nature (plural crimes against nature)

(law) Any of various sexual deviations that, at one time or another, have been considered to be so unnatural as to be illegal.


legal person

(law) An aggregate of people, legal entity, or body corporate who have (some of) the legal rights and responsibilities of a natural person under the law.


antiterrorism

Antiterrorism funding was increased after 2001.

(law enforcement, military, often attributive) Activity aiming at opposing or preventing terrorism.


harborage

harborage (countable and uncountable, plural harborages)

A. The exterior of the premises and all structures thereon shall be kept free of all nuisances, unsanitary conditions and fire or safety hazards in the public areas and any of the foregoing shall be removed and abated promptly by the owner or manager.
B. Without limiting the generality of Subsection A, the maintenance includes: . . . (3) Keeping the premises free of conditions conducive to infestation by vermin or insects, such as rodent harborages or stagnant water, and other known sources of infestation.

2016, Jersey City, N.J. Code of Ordinances § 254-43. - Maintenance of exterior of premises:

Even with little notice of the meeting at which Waste Management's application was approved, Appellants' attorney appeared and presented documents describing problems with the proposed plan, including concerns relating to traffic, pollution and flooding, and problems with potential insect, rodent, and bird harborage and attraction to the site.

1997, Eastern Consolidation & Distribution Servs., Inc. v. Bd. of Comm'rs of Hampden Twp., 701 A.2d 621, 624 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 1997) (Jiuliante, J., writing for a unanimous court)

(US, law) A condition on land favorable to infestation by animals considered pests.


LPC

Legal Practice Course
w:Legal Practice Course

(law, England and Wales) Initialism of Legal Practice Course.


PCC

police clearance certificate
w:police clearance certificate

(law enforcement) Initialism of police clearance certificate.


freedom of the press

/ˈfɹiː.dəm əv ðə ˈpɹɛs/

Since the press, commanding the service of every other means of communication, is the common carrier of information, delivering it almost instantly and simultaneously through out a nation, and there is no other carrier a thousandth part so efficient any restriction upon the information it may convey deprives every citizen in some degree of capacity for intelligent thought and wise action. This is obviously of great importance in relation to the affairs of government and that is why since its vital connection with the welfare of peoples has been understood, the freedom of the press has been so jealously guarded no more by its own servants than by the statesman, the publicist, and the enlightened citizen.

1917 May 30, “The Freedom of the Press”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), The New York Times, page 8:

The term free speech, which appears in this book's subtitle as well as in its text, is used more or less interchangeably with freedom of the press, freedom of speech, and freedom of expression to refer to all of the expressive rights guaranteed by the forty-five words of the First Amendment, as interpreted by the U.S. courts.

2003, Mike Godwin, Cyber Rights, The MIT Press, →ISBN, page 2:

The right of citizens or the media to print, or otherwise disseminate, speech, ideas and opinions without fear or harm of prosecution.

حُرِّيَّة اَلصِّحَافَة

right of media to disseminate ideas and opinions


periculum

(law) accident or casus, as distinguished from dolus and culpa, and hence relieving one from the duty of performing an obligation


de bonis non administratis

en-adj

de bonis non administratis (not comparable)

From Latin, literally meaning "of goods not administered."

(law) concerning assets remaining in an estate after the death or removal of the estate administrator; remaining assets as distributed by the second administrator (administrator bonis non)


debond

en-verb

debond (third-person singular simple present debonds, present participle debonding, simple past and past participle debonded)

debonds (present singular third-person)
debonding (participle present)
debonded (participle past)
debonded (past)

The Company shall give three months' prior notice to the Customs Collector in case they decide to debond the shipyard.

1962, India Central Board of Revenue, Indian Sea Customs Manual, page 301:


bribable

en-adj

bribable (comparative more bribable, superlative most bribable)

more bribable (comparative)
most bribable (superlative)

He liked always, where Lambert Strether was concerned, to know the worst, and what he now seemed to know was not only that he was bribable, but that he had been effectually bribed. The only difficulty was that he couldn't quite have said with what. It was as if he had sold himself, but hadn't somehow got the cash.


precedented

precedented (comparative more precedented, superlative most precedented)

more precedented (comparative)
most precedented (superlative)

c. 1650 precedent + -ed, possibly a back-formation from unprecedented.

We have a right to take any method that is legal and is precedented.

1905, George Pierce Baker, Henry Barrett Huntington, The Principles of Argumentation, page 660:

(rare, chiefly law) Having a precedent; not novel


invariant section

en-noun

invariant section (plural invariant sections)

* (law): Coined by Free Software Foundation in free software copyright licenses.

I had to include the GNU Manifesto, as it was part of an invariant section.

(law) Something that must not be removed or modified during redistribution.


patentability

(law) The state or condition of being patentable.


antidiscrimination

The antidiscrimination laws prohibit hiring based on race.

(law) Opposing or disallowing discrimination


appealability

This exception relates to the appealability of the case. Often the very first issue before the appellate court is whether the court should hear the appeal.

1995, William P. Statsky, R. John Wernet, Case Analysis and Fundamentals of Legal Writing, →ISBN, page 109:

(law) The quality of being entitled to review in an appellate court.

apelabilidade

the quality of being entitled to review in an appellate court


antiretaliation

Whistleblowers are protected by the antiretaliation statute.

(law, of a law) Disallowing or preventing retaliation


N.D.N.Y.

(law) United States District Court for the Northern District of New York, as used in case citations.


E.D.N.Y.

(law) United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, as used in case citations.


W.D.N.Y.

(law) United States District Court for the Western District of New York, as used in case citations.


designee

The commissioner of the Texas Department of Public Health is proposing that the commissioner of health, or the designee of the commissioner of health, be able to institute quarantine measures for people with AIDS.

1985 December 28, Kim Westheimer, “Boston Quarantine Proposal Withdrawn”, in Gay Community News, volume 13, number 24, page 11:

The bill authorizes the President's designee, to access funds that the Congress has already appropriated for the auto industries.

2008 December 11, “Automakers to remain under pressure for months yet”, in Birmingham Star:


trade dress

trade dress (usually uncountable, plural trade dresses)

(law) Those characteristics of the visual appearance of a product or its packaging that may be registered and protected from use by competitors in the manner of a trademark.


police state

Likely a calque of German Polizeistaat adopted following the Carlsbad Decrees of 1819 and the ensuing Demagogenverfolgungen, culminating in the crackdown of liberal and anarchical movements popular in the 1840s during the German revolutions of 1848–1849. Equivalent to police + state.

You didn't know there is […] an active campaign, propaganda and otherwise, […] against all kinds of security procedures on the ground that they are all police state methods and all interfere with individual rights?

1964 September 16, J. G. Sourwine, “Hearings Before the Subcommittee to Investigatee the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee on the Judiciary United States Senate Eighty-Ninth Congress First Session”, in hearing (US Senate), volume 10, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, page 674:

[Mo:] But out there in the real world they're bombing abortion clinics... holding Nazi and KKK rallies... trying to quarantine people who might have AIDS. They're making secret weapons deals to illegally fund so-called "freedom fighters" and calling it "the Lord's work"!! We're living in a Protestant police state […]

1987, Alison Bechdel, “High Anxiety”, in Dykes to Watch Out For:

A gun up in our faces and they never gave a reason / The writing's on the wall, the politics are fake / Its clear to me we're livin' in a police state […] The prisons are for profit, its society's mistake / How macabre, we been living in a police state

2015, “Police State”, in Police State, performed by Tropidelic:

(usually derogatory) A polity whose government exercises strict and repressive control of the people.

Carlsbad Decrees
German revolutions of 1848–1849
de:Demagogenverfolgung
police state

polisiestaat

nation whose government controls people by police


doctrine of equivalents

(law, US) A legal rule in most patent systems that allows a court to hold a party liable for patent infringement when the infringing device or process does not fall within the literal scope of a patent claim, but nevertheless is equivalent to the claimed invention.


M.D. Fla.

w:United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida

(law) Abbreviation of United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida, as used in case citations.


N.D. Fla.

w:United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida

(law) Abbreviation of United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida, as used in case citations.


hostage negotiator

hostage negotiator (plural hostage negotiators)

Modern hostage negotiation principles began in 1972 when, then New York Police Detective Harvey Schlossberg, a police officer with a PHD in psychology, recognized the need for trained personnel in the intervention of hostage situations.

(politics, law) A person who negotiates with a person, or groups of persons, for the release of a person, or groups of persons.

túsztárgyaló

a person who negotiates with a person, or groups of persons, for the release of a person, or groups of persons


druglord

A person who controls a large network of people involved in the illegal drug trade.

наркобаро́н

person who controls a network of persons involved in the illegal drug trade


future interest

future interest (plural future interests)

(law) In property law and real estate, a legal right to property ownership which will vest in the future, but which does not include the right to present possession or enjoyment of the property.


S.D. Fla.

w:United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida

(law) Abbreviation of United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida, as used in case citations.


long arm of the law

It is my belief that I could have felt no greater dismay, if the long arm of the Law had laid its hold on me while he was speaking.

1889, Wilkie Collins, chapter 60, in The Legacy of Cain:

The long arm of the law does not protect banks the way it used to.

1979 September 3, “Pass the Buck”, in Time, archived from the original on 2010-09-01:

"Repeat violent offenders will hopscotch over state lines to avoid the long arm of the law," said Maryland Gov. Martin O'Malley.

2008 September 12, Lisa Rein, “Jurisdictions Share Data on Ex-Offenders”, in Washington Post:

(idiomatic, almost always preceded by the) The influence or effectiveness of law enforcement institutions; law enforcement officers collectively.


smart money

September 30 1893, Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 6th Marquess of Londonderry, "Empolyers' Liability Bill", quoted in The Parliamentary Debates
it made was paid by employers to workmen employers liable for injuries resulting as smart money

(law) Vindictive or exemplary damages; damages beyond a full compensation for the actual injury done.


paternity suit

A lawsuit to identify a child's father and establish child support.


LPA

Coordinate term: EPA

lasting power of attorney
lasting power of attorney#English

(countable, law, England and Wales) Initialism of lasting power of attorney.


jeofail

From Old French j'ai failli (“I have failed”).

uder

(law) An oversight in pleading, or the acknowledgment of a mistake or oversight.


repeat offender

en-noun

repeat offender (plural repeat offenders)

A person who has previously offended against the law, often someone who may be deemed incorrigible.


antibribery

The antibribery laws in this country are very strict.

(law) Opposing or prohibiting bribery, especially of public officials


talesman

(law) Someone summoned to a jury when a tales is awarded, to make up numbers.


tax evader

One who illegally avoids paying tax (for example, by not declaring income).


servicer

The servicer is responsible for the collection of interest and principal, which is passed along to the trustee.

2002, Frank J. Fabozzi, The Handbook of Financial Instruments, page 373:

(law, finance) One who services a loan or other obligation, by collecting receivables and carrying out related actions such as enforcement


antiterror

(law enforcement, military) Opposing or preventing terrorism.


pseudonymously

(computing, law) Pertaining to pseudonymization.


traversable

en-adj

traversable (comparative more traversable, superlative most traversable)

more traversable (comparative)
most traversable (superlative)

Presentment of a felo de se before justices of peace, or oyer and terminer, traversable by the executor.

1736, Sir Matthew Hale, Historia Placitorum Coronæ:

(law) Deniable; liable to legal objection.