NOD

(law) Initialism of notice Of disagreement; filed by an appellant in response to a denial of veteran's benefits in United States law.


amicable suit

(law) An action to secure clarification on a point of law, in concord and in the mutual interest of the parties involved.


legal fiction

An assumption, not necessarily true, made by a court in order to apply a legal rule.


laogai

From Mandarin 勞改／劳改 (láogǎi, literally “labour rehabilitation”).

zh-l

Ethan Gutmann (2010) Hacker Nation: China's Cyber Assault, archived from the original on 2010-05-16: “The 6-10 Office also created fake refugees—young, trained to mimic Falun Gong behavior, and holding paperwork confirming time spent in laogai, China’s penal system.”

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

The use of prison labor and prison farms in the People's Republic of China.


annotatrix

2008: CLT Scotland Conferences, The Human Rights Conference 2008 (brochure), page 2, “Speakers” column
Rosalind McInnes is in-house solicitor with the BBC. Rosalind is co-author of the textbooks, Contempt of Court in Scotland and Scots Law for Journalists and is annotatrix of the Freedom of Information (Scotland) Act 2002.


Lemon test

After Lemon v. Kurtzman, the United States Supreme Court case in which the test was first spelled out.

Establishment Clause
Establishment Clause

The test for whether a government action violates the Establishment Clause of the United States' constitution: it does so if it lacks a secular purpose, has its primary effect as promoting or inhibiting religion, or fosters an excessive entanglement of government with religion.


deep state

A calque of Turkish derin devlet (“deep state”) (early uses were in relation to Turkey, especially the 1996 Susurluk scandal).

calque

The ‘deep state’ remains hidden from the public. It is staffed by the security personnel. Its activities and the driving principles behind those activities are not decided by the legislature, controlled by the judiciary, or challenged by the popular will […]

1997, Turkish Probe, Ankara, Turkey: Turkish Daily News, →OCLC, page 111:

The term "deep state" is used in two different senses in Turkey. The first is rooted in a type of secret organization affiliated with NATO, which, with time, degenerated into an organized crime group engaged in the pursuit of private gain. In the second sense, the "deep state" is a type of special organization entrenched within the state apparatus and strives to keep the state on a predetermined course.

2010, Atay Akdevelioğlu [et al.], translated by Mustafa Akşin, edited by Baskın Oran, Turkish Foreign Policy, 1919–2006: Facts and Analyses with Documents (Utah Series in Turkish and Islamic Studies), Salt Lake City, Utah: University of Utah Press, →ISBN, page 658:

Since 1989–90, Pakistan’s ‘deep state’ – the army and the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) – has been waging a war against India through asymmetric means. The deep state has been sponsoring radical extremist organisations […]

2017, Gurmeet Kanwal, “India: Reluctant Nuclear Power”, in Sharpening the Arsenal: India’s Evolving Nuclear Deterrence Policy, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India: HarperCollins Publishers India, →ISBN:

Deep states do not arise in economic and historic vacuums; rather, they reflect their societies' economies and histories. Most deep state analysis comes out of the United States and Turkey and concentrates on military and security interests joining with corporate, technological, and financial interests to form deep states.

2017, Kevin Taft, “Oil and the Deep State”, in Oil’s Deep State: How the Petroleum Industry Undermines Democracy and Stops Action on Global Warming – in Alberta, and in Ottawa, Toronto, Ont.: James Lorimer & Company, →ISBN, part 2 (Capture), page 121:

The Storm boils down to the idea that the US president is working to wipe out the effects of globalisation, a concept much hated by his supporters. To achieve this, he will apparently dismantle the 'deep state'.

2018 January 15, Kashmira Gander, “What is The Storm? Conspiracy theory that mysterious White House official QAnon is leaking secrets”, in International Business Times:

But over the last three weeks, the deep state has emerged from the shadows in the form of real live government officials, past and present, who have defied a White House attempt to block cooperation with House impeachment investigators and provided evidence that largely backs up the still-anonymous whistle-blower.

2019 October 23, Peter Baker, Lara Jakes, Julian E. Barnes, Sharon LaFraniere, Edward Wong, “Trump’s War on the ‘Deep State’ Turns Against Him”, in The New York Times:

The group was convinced modern Germany was run by a “deep state” conspiracy that was about to be exposed by an alliance of German intelligence agencies and the militaries of foreign states including Russia and the US.

2022 December 7, Philip Oltermann, “German police raids target far-right extremists ‘seeking to overthrow state’”, in The Guardian:

(politics, conspiracy research) A large group of people, typically members of government agencies and the military, believed to have enduring political influence that is difficult for an administration that is voted into power to counter or dislodge.

دَوْلَة عَمِيقَة

large group of people believed to have long-lasting political influence


axe-murder

en-verb

axe-murder (third-person singular simple present axe-murders, present participle axe-murdering, simple past and past participle axe-murdered)

axe-murders (present singular third-person)
axe-murdering (participle present)
axe-murdered (participle past)
axe-murdered (past)

From axe + murder or Back-formation from axe-murderer.

So […] the macabre episode of the two Americans axe-murdered […] became another chapter in the bloody annals of the Korean conflict.

1976 September 20, NEA London Economist News Service, “Touchy Issue: How Should U.S. Define Its Allies”, in Gadsden Times:

As it turned out, Mrs. Talbot was a perfectly nice woman, and the students she axe-murdered for her unholy rituals weren't close acquaintances anyway.

2004, Jeff Strand, Out of Whack, page 21:


carousel fraud

en-noun

carousel fraud (countable and uncountable, plural carousel frauds)

(finance, taxation) The theft of value-added tax from a government by exploiting the way VAT is treated within multijurisdictional trading where the movement of goods between jurisdictions is VAT-free.


strike down

en-verb

strike down (third-person singular simple present strikes down, present participle striking down, simple past struck down, past participle struck down or stricken down)

strikes down (present singular third-person)
striking down (participle present)
struck down (past)
struck down (participle past)
stricken down (participle past)

Later, in 1967, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down bans on interracial marriages remaining in 16 states, all in the old Confederacy and border states.

2004 October 29, Peter Wong, “Interracial-marriage ban used in Measure 36 comparisons”, in Statesman Journal, volume 152, number 214, Salem, OR, page 2A:

(law) To invalidate (a law, statute etc.)


anti-copyright

en-adj

anti-copyright (comparative more anti-copyright, superlative most anti-copyright)

more anti-copyright (comparative)
most anti-copyright (superlative)


antivandal

(law enforcement) Opposing or proscribing vandalism.


deceaser

(law) One who deceases; a person who dies.


crimewave

A large increased incidence of crimes within a relatively short period of time.


plastic plod

(UK, slang, derogatory) A police community support officer, a PCSO.


PCSO

Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office
w:Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office

(Philippines) Initialism of Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office.


superpredator

From super- + predator. Sociology sense coined by John DiIulio in 1995.

In 1996 [DiIulio] authored an incendiary warning of a "rising tide of juvenile superpredators" [and in the National Review] "[a]ll that's left of the black community in […] urban America is deviant, delinquent, and criminal adults[.]"

2001 February 9, Vincent Schiraldi, “DiIulio needs more scrutiny”, in Star News:

Superpredators theoretically arise from dysfunctional homes, inadequate schools, and morally bankrupt communities.

2005, Gus Martin, Juvenile justice: process and systems:

(sociology) A youth who repeatedly commits violent crimes, said to be a result of being raised without morals.


ancient document

en-noun

ancient document (plural ancient documents)

(law) In the law of evidence, a document which is admissible as an exception to the hearsay rule, and which is considered self-authenticating, because it is older than a certain age (usually twenty years) and in a condition that makes it free from suspicion concerning its authenticity, and was found in a place where such a writing was likely to be kept.


self-authenticating

(law) In the law of evidence, being a piece of evidence that will automatically be presumed authentic for purposes of admissibility based on the character of the evidence itself. Examples include certified copies of public or business records, official publications of government agencies, and newspaper articles.


kotwal

Borrowed from Hindi कोतवाल (kotvāl); see there for more.

Why do people pay taxes, offer their wrists for manacling when the kotwal or even an ordinary policeman shows up at the door to arrest a man who is accused of committing a theft or murder?

1997, Kiran Nagarkar, Cuckold, HarperCollins, published 2013, page 437:

The local police chief or magistrate of a town or city in India or the East Indies.


wardship

wardship (usually uncountable, plural wardships)

The majority said temporary wardship, which allowed the girl to receive a transfusion, was justified.

2009 February 21, Tracey Tyler, “A many-ringed circus”, in Toronto Star:

(chiefly law) The state of being a ward of someone.


in fee

(law, idiomatic, archaic) Of an estate in land, inherited or owned by one who has the absolute right to dispose of the land as they desire, including the right to select an inheritor of the land.


fee tail

From Middle English fee taille, fetayll, from Anglo-Norman fee tailé, from Medieval Latin foedum talliātum.

(law) An estate in land in common law in which the land is inherited, but cannot be sold, devised by will, or otherwise alienated by the owner, but which passes by operation of law to the owner's heirs upon his death.

限嗣繼承地產

estate in land in common law wherein the land is inherited


arrestment

arrestment (countable and uncountable, plural arrestments)

(law, Scotland) The process that prohibits a debtor from making payment to the creditor until another debt due to the person making use of the arrestment by such creditor is paid.


arrestable

A person who lies frequently may be cut of the same mental fabric as the arrestable criminal.

2000, Samuel Yochelson, Stanton Samenow, The Criminal Personality: A Profile for Change, page 253:

(law enforcement) Capable of, or suitable for, being arrested (taken into police custody).

Playing music too loud isn't an arrestable offence.

(law) For which one can be arrested (taken into police custody).


crookery

crookery (countable and uncountable, plural crookeries)

It was always intriguing to hear about some new form of crookery or deception.

But this is small time crookery to the real manipulators and deceivers.

2003, Martin Howell, Predators and profits: 100+ ways for investors to protect their nest eggs:

What the people never knew at the time was the scale and audacity of the crookeries of Harding's advisers. In 1923 the Senate investigated 'irregularities' in the Veterans' Bureau. It had been defrauded of tidy sums by its chief […]

2008, Alistair Cooke, Alistair Cooke's America:


pseudonymized

en-adj

pseudonymized (not generally comparable, comparative more pseudonymized, superlative most pseudonymized)

more pseudonymized (comparative)
most pseudonymized (superlative)

(computing, law) Synonym of pseudonymous


hear both sides

en-verb

hear both sides (third-person singular simple present hears both sides, present participle hearing both sides, simple past and past participle heard both sides)

hears both sides (present singular third-person)
hearing both sides (participle present)
heard both sides (participle past)
heard both sides (past)

(law) To ensure that an accused person has the chance to seek to refute the accusations.

يسمع من الطرفين

hear both sides of the argument for fair judgement


tenendum

(law) The clause in a deed wherein the tenure of the land is defined and limited.


depublish

depublish (third-person singular simple present depublishes, present participle depublishing, simple past and past participle depublished)

depublishes (present singular third-person)
depublishing (participle present)
depublished (participle past)
depublished (past)

[…] the California Supreme Court declined either to depublish or accept the case for review even though it received extensive amicus briefs in support of United California Bank's petition from six leading California banks […]

For example, in the courts of the state of California, the Supreme Court can “depublish” or remove from all official records, and thus from legal authority, prior case opinions it delivered but has since decided are not good examples of legal analysis.

2015, Justin B. Richland, Sarah Deer, Introduction to Tribal Legal Studies, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page 123:

(California, law) To remove legal opinions from the record such that they can no longer be used as precedent.


countrymade

(in India) Describing a weapon manufactured illegally in a cottage industry


in gross

appurtenant

antonym(s) of “held independently in law”

an easement in gross, a hereditary office held in gross

(law) Held independently of anything else; not annexed to or appended to anything else.


bastille

French Revolution
Poor Law Amendment Act 1834
William Cobbett
William IV
storming of the Bastille

The noun is derived from Middle English bastile, bastel (“fortification for attack mounted on a barge or wheels; projecting part of a fortification, bastion, turret; fortified encampment of a besieging army; structure carrying armed men on an elephant’s back; (figuratively) refuge, shelter; protector”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman bastile, bastille, Middle French bastille, and Old French baastel, basstel (“fortification; fortified tower; temporary fortification constructed for attack or defence; (small) castle or fortress”) (modern French bastille; compare Medieval Latin bastīle), from bastide (“fortification; fortress”) with the ending modified after nouns ending in -ille (from Latin -īle (suffix forming place names)). Bastide is derived from Old Occitan bastida (“fortification; (Provence) country mansion”), from bastir (“to build, construct”) + -ida (suffix forming nouns); while bastir is from *bastīre, from Frankish *bastijan (“to sew; to weave”), from Proto-West Germanic *bast (“fibre; rope”), from Proto-Germanic *bastaz (“fibre; rope”); further etymology uncertain, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰask- ~ *bʰasḱ- (“bundle, heap, load”) but this is disputed.
Sense 2.1 (“jail or prison, especially one regarded as mistreating its prisoners”) is from the Bastille in Paris, France. Known in full as the Bastille Saint-Antoine, it was a former fortress used as a prison by the French monarchy in the 17th and 18th centuries. The Bastille was stormed by a crowd on 14 July 1789 at the start of the French Revolution and later demolished, becoming an important symbol for the French Republican movement.
Sense 2.2 (“workhouse”) was possibly popularized by the English politician William Cobbett (1763–1835) who opposed the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 (4 & 5 William IV, chapter 76; often called the “New Poor Law”). This Act made relief or welfare for poor people only available through workhouses, and ensured that the working conditions were harsh so that only the truly destitute would apply for relief.
The verb is derived from the noun.
cognates
* Late Latin bastile (“wooden siege tower”), bastilla, bastillia, bastillus, bastellum (“fortification; wooden siege tower”)

nb...

bastayle, bastele, bastell, bastelle, bastil, bastill, bastyle, bastyll, bastylle, (Northern England) baistell,

nb...

Commencing with the Accession of William IV.

J. Booker; Longman, Rees, Orme, and Co.; J. M. Richardson; Parbury, Allen, and Co.; J. Hatchard and Son; J. Ridgway; E. Jeffery and Son; J. Rodwell; Calkin and Budd; R. H. Evans; J. Booth; and T. C. Hansard.

cog

(British, derogatory) Synonym of workhouse (“an institution for homeless poor people funded by the local parish, where the able-bodied were required to work”)


pleadable

en-adj

pleadable (comparative more pleadable, superlative most pleadable)

more pleadable (comparative)
most pleadable (superlative)

From Middle English pledable, from Old French; equivalent to plead + -able.


recaption

en-noun

recaption (countable and uncountable, plural recaptions)

The ordinance affirmed the common-law right of masters to recapture fugitives on their own, without coming before a magistrate. By contrast, Article IV omitted mention of self-help recaption or reclamation.

2005, Akhil Reed Amar, America's Constitution: A Biography:

(law) The lawful claim and recovery, by a person, of goods wrongly taken from him


declarant

(law) A person who makes a formal declaration or statement

declarant

a person who makes a formal declaration or statement


hot check

From sense hot (“illegal, stolen”) – compare hot property (“stolen goods”).

And you don’t go writing hot checks down in Mississippi,

1978, Johnny Cash, Waylon Jennings, “There Ain’t No Good Chain Gang”, in I Would Like to See You Again, Columbia Records:

(US, Texas) A check with non-sufficient funds (not enough money in the bank to back it up), written fraudulently.

bad check

check with insufficient funds, written fraudulently


pupillage

(law) A form of apprenticeship for prospective barristers


devilling

(law) The pupillage of a prospective advocate or barrister.


Act of God

Heavy rainfall is not the kind of exceptional phenomenon to which the Act of God exception applies.

In road and rail traffic liability is excluded for accidents which are due to circumstances amounting to an Act of God.

“Pardon me,” I said, preserving with an effort the polished suavity demanded from an English gentleman when chewing the rag with one of the other sex, “you're talking through the back of your fatheaded little neck. I did not trip over my flat feet. I was hurled into the depths by an Act of God, to wit, a totally unexpected dachshund getting between my legs.”

1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter XVI, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:

(law, usually "an") Alternative letter-case form of act of God


releasor

(law) A person who releases (surrenders) a claim on an estate.


miscarriage of justice

miscarriage of justice (plural miscarriages of justice)

The Incarcerations is an unsettling indictment of Modi's India, and alleges grave miscarriages of justice, […].

2024 May 4, John Reed, “How to interpret India?”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 9:

(law) An error at a trial which led to an unjust outcome, such as the conviction of a person for a crime they did not commit.


suspensive

en-adj

suspensive (comparative more suspensive, superlative most suspensive)

more suspensive (comparative)
most suspensive (superlative)

Effect of an appeal – In principle, an appeal has a suspensive effect (Art. 51(1) VRP). The term suspensive effect denotes the fact that the legal consequence prescribed by the ruling does not become effective until the conclusion of the appeal procedure.

(chiefly law) That suspends (temporarily stops)


shorthold

(UK, law) Describing a tenancy that exists for an agreed term, at the end of which the property may be recovered by the landlord.


verd

(obsolete, UK, law) The privilege of cutting green wood within a forest for fuel.

(obsolete, UK, law) The right of pasturing animals in a forest


code enforcement

(law, government) The act of enforcing a set of rules, principles, or laws, especially written ones, and ensuring observance of a system of norms or customs.


supersedere

Mr Sweepclean, secede paulisper, or, in your own language, grant us a supersedere of diligence for five minutes.

1816, Sir Walter Scott, The Antiquary, Oxford University Press, published 2002, page 406:

(law) A creditor's voluntary surcease of personal execution in behalf of a debtor.


lathi

en-noun

lathi (countable and uncountable, plural lathis)

Lathi shares its basic principles with other martial arts.

(uncountable) A martial art based on stick fighting originally practiced in India.


executioneress

Twelve umbrellas, covering as many Bo-fetiche priestesses, followed by two brass shields, a large drum, two large scimitar-shaped blades, fretted as usual, and having skulls on the hilts, eighteen Bo Kpo in red avo, six executioneresses in leopard cloths of yellow with black spots, silver horns and bracelets; a number of black affairs like Highlanders’ targets, and five flags.

1874, J. A[lfred] Skertchly, “The So-Sin Custom—(continued)”, in Dahomey as It Is: Being a Narrative of Eight Months’ Residence in That Country, […], London: Chapman and Hall, […], page 267:


pilfery

pilfery (countable and uncountable, plural pilferies)


proferens

From Middle French proference, from Medieval Latin proferentia. Doublet of proferans.

(law) The person who proposes a contract (or one of its clauses)


nonassignment

a nonassignment clause

(law) Prohibiting the assignment of something to another party.


doctrine of foreign equivalents

(law) A rule applied in United States trademark under which foreign words are translated into English to determine whether they are registrable as trademarks, or are either descriptive or confusingly similar with existing marks.


dedimus

From Latin dedimus (“we gave”), from do (“I give”). So called because the writ began "Dedimus potestatem […] ".

A Dedimus was awarded to take the Conuſance of a Fine from Baron and Feme, and the Conuſance of Baron only was returned, and the Feme would not acknowledge it.

1742, Charles Viner, A General Abridgement of Law and Equity:

(law) A writ to commission private persons to do some act in place of a judge, such as to examine a witness, etc.


asportation

asportation (countable and uncountable, plural asportations)

Kidnapping usually includes the seizing, confining, and carrying away (asportation) of another by force, threat, or deception, and without consent.

2011, James W. H. McCord, Criminal Law and Procedure for the Paralegal, page 128:

(law) The illegal movement of goods or carrying away of a person.


capias

Borrowed from Latin capiās (“you should seize, you are to seize”), from capiō (“to seize”).

bor

All which when Cupid heard, he by and by / In great displeasure wild a Capias / Should issue forth t'attach that scornefull lasse.

1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book VI, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

(law) An arrest warrant; a writ commanding officers to take a specified person or persons into custody.


conjurator

(obsolete, law) A person who swears an oath along with others


acte clair

(law) The doctrine, in European law, that cases involving a law with a reasonably obvious interpretation do not need to be referred to the European Court of Justice.


Hildebrand rules

After the 1992 case Hildebrand v. Hildebrand.

Previously, a spouse who came across information showing their partner was hiding money could copy it and put it before the court – a protection called the Hildebrand rules that was intended to help the financially impoverished.

2010 July 30, Natalie Hanman, “Covertly found assets no longer valid in divorce”, in The Guardian:

(law) The unofficial acceptance of the use of one's spouse's private documents in court during a divorce.


carveout

These laws create special exemptions for farms through statutory and regulatory carveouts.

2018, Jacob E. Gersen, Margot J. Pollans, Michael T. Roberts, Food Law and Policy, page 825:

(law) An exception to a legal provision.


bandulu

en-noun

bandulu (countable and uncountable, plural bandulus)

(Caribbean, Jamaica) Crime; something illicit; a scam.


examinership

(Ireland, law) A legal process whereby a company gets protection from the Court, in order to survive.


copywrong

copywrong (countable and uncountable, plural copywrongs)

We do it with less compunctious visitings of conscience, on the score of copyright or copywrong, as we are informed by the New York bookseller, that the demand, since we commenced the publication of our extracts, has been greater than the supply...

1847, Freeman Hunt, Hunt's merchants' magazine, page 539:

But immediately we run headlong into the issue of copywrong. For instance, take a sample of some artist and mix it with other samples and sounds to create a new work and you will get a composition that will attract entertainment lawyers like a garbage bin gathers flies.

1998 March 23, Network World, volume 15, number 12:

For me personally, the copyrights and "copywrongs," as I have called them, simply boil down to either one or two things, and that is it's either an act of distribution or it is an act of consumption.

2005, Gerard M Stegmaier, The Digital Millennium Copyright Act: 2005 supplement:

(nonce word) The unethical use of, or disregard for, copyright law.


briefless

en-adj

briefless (comparative more briefless, superlative most briefless)

more briefless (comparative)
most briefless (superlative)

Consequently a briefless barrister who is totally without connexion, as it is delicately phrased, which means who has no attorney blood in him, who has not married an attorney's daughter, and who has no rich relations who bring grist to the attorney mill, cannot hope by any change of administration to become a briefed barrister.

1849 November, “The Avatar of Attorneyism”, in Fraser's Magazine for Town and Country, volume 40, page 572:

As an advocate he had no success, for after walking the floor of the Parliament House, as it is called in Edinburgh, along with other briefed and briefless advocates, and securing only one case, which brought him four guineas, he abandoned that practice and settled down seriously to his true life work of literature.

1899 June 10, H. B. Baildon, “Robert Louis Stevenson: Essayist, Novelist and Poet”, in The Living Age, volume 221, number 2866, page 683:

No one can accuse the Unionist Party of seeking to make indecent capital out of the folly, the misfortunes and the scandals which have become the chief stock-in-trade of latter-day Radicalism since the great historic Party fell under the auspices of barristers— briefed and briefless.

1913 June, L. J. Maxse, “The End of the Asquith Legend”, in The National Review, volume 61, number 364, page 684:


nonjoinder

(law) The omission of a party that was necessary to an action


riparian right

(law) The right of a person who owns the land by a river, stream or creek to have access to and use of the shore and water. Depending on jurisdiction, this may include fishing rights and/or the right to use the water for domestic and garden purposes.


tomato concentrate

en-noun

tomato concentrate (usually uncountable, plural tomato concentrates)

The standard of identity is from 21CFR155.191.

standards of identity
standard of identity

(US standards of identity) Any food obtained from the liquid of ripe tomatoes, strained, with any of: ingredients to regulate pH, water, salt, lemon juice, acid, sodium bicarbonate, spices, and flavoring.


plain flour

plain flour (usually uncountable, plural plain flours)

plain (“regular”) + flour.
The U.S. standard of identity comes from 21CFR137.105.

(US standards of identity) exact synonym of flour


white flour

white flour (usually uncountable, plural white flours)

The U.S. standard of identity comes from 21CFR137.105.


covin

From Old French covin, from Latin convena (“a meeting, a coming together”), from conveniō.


wheat flour

en-noun

wheat flour (countable and uncountable, plural wheat flours)

From Middle English weth-floure, equivalent to wheat + flour.


JSC

joint-stock company
joint-stock company#English

(business, law) Initialism of joint-stock company.

АО

акционерное общество


volens

From Latin volens (literally “wishing, willing”).

bor

Coordinate term: sciens

A man who unwillingly performs dangerous work because he would otherwise lose his employment is not volens. A man does not act voluntarily unless he acts free from legal or moral compulsion.

1889, The Law Reports: Appeal cases before the House of Lords and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, also peerage cases, volume 14, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords, page 182:

(law) In the state of mind where one voluntarily accepts a specific risk.


umpirage

en-noun

umpirage (countable and uncountable, plural umpirages)

When the umpire enters upon his umpirage, he may reexamine the witnesses; but it has been holden not to be objectionable, for the umpire to receive the evidence from the arbitrators, unless the parties require him to do otherwise.

1838, John Frederick Archbold, The practice of country attornies and their agents, in the courts of law at Westminster:

(law, archaic) The office (or term of office) of an umpire


e-crime

e-crime (countable and uncountable, plural e-crimes)

When asked what e-crimes were committed against their organizations in 2004, respondents cited virus or other malicious code as most prevalent (82%)...

2007, Jay D. White, Managing information in the public sector:

The National Hi Tech Computer Crime Unit was established as a specialist e-crime unit and was folded into the Serious and Organised Crime Agency in 2006.

2009, Lord Carter, Digital Britain: final report:


shochet

shochet (plural shochets or shochetim or shochtim)

shochets (plural)
shochetim (plural)
shochtim (plural)

From Hebrew שׁוֹחֵט (shokhét, “slaughterer, butcher”).

uder

2001, Oliver Sacks, Uncle Tungsten: Memories of a Chemical Boyhood, Alfred A. Knopf (2001), 9,
He was by profession a boot and shoe manufacturer, a shochet (a kosher slaughterer), and later a grocer […]

A person certified under Jewish law to slaughter cattle and poultry


atextual

en-adj

atextual (comparative more atextual, superlative most atextual)

more atextual (comparative)
most atextual (superlative)

Neither party to the present case challenges the atextual extension of the habeas statute to United States citizens held beyond the territorial jurisdictions of the United States courts...

Rasul v. Bush, 542 U.S. 466 (2007), Scalia, J., dissenting

(law) Of an interpretation of a statute or similar governing provision, derived from something other than the text of the provision.


disafforest

en-verb

disafforest (third-person singular simple present disafforests, present participle disafforesting, simple past and past participle disafforested)

disafforests (present singular third-person)
disafforesting (participle present)
disafforested (participle past)
disafforested (past)

The Charter of the Forests had for its object the disafforesting several of those tracts; the prevention of future afforestings: the mitigation and ascertainment of the punishments for breaches of the Forest Law.

1760, Edmund Burke, “An Essay towards an Abridgment of the English History. […]”, in [Walker King], editor, The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke, new edition, volume X, London: […] [R. Gilbert] for C[harles] and J[ohn] Rivington, […], published 1826, →OCLC, book III, page 534:

(UK, law) To change the status of land from that of a forest to ordinary land.


blood tax

France is the mother of Conscription. What has she gained by that blood-tax?

I appeal to the working men of Great Britain..not to be misled by catch-phrases about ‘the liberty of the subject’ and the ridiculous cant about a ‘Blood Tax’!

They would have paid their blood-tax, done their own part in the immemorial human warfare against nature.

A tax paid by bloodshed; especially, a derogatory term for military conscription.

imposto de sangue

a tax paid by bloodshed; especially, a derogatory term for military conscription


antipaedophile

en-adj

antipaedophile (comparative more antipaedophile, superlative most antipaedophile)

more antipaedophile (comparative)
most antipaedophile (superlative)

For example, a voice accusing a man of being a paedophile might be based on recent TV news programmes about antipaedophile vigilante groups, plus the memory of having been accused of being a pervert by a neighbour, plus fears that he might be a secret paedophile because he enjoyed reading Lolita.

2005, Hazel E. Nelson, Cognitive-behavioural therapy with delusions and hallucinations, page 217:


probator

(law, UK, obsolete) One who, when indicted for crime, confessed it and accused his accomplices in order to obtain pardon.


confirmor

The confirmor must have such an estate and property in the thing of which the confirmation is made, as may enable him to confirm the estate to the confirmee; Dyer 109.

1826, S. F. T. Wilde, editor, A Supplement to Mr. Barton’s Precedents in Conveyancing […], volume 2, page 325, note 1:

deed of confirmation
deed of confirmation

(law) One who performs the confirmation of an estate; the grantor of a deed of confirmation.


significavit

Latin, (he) has signified, perf. ind. of significare (“to signify”).

the Kings Courts can receive Significavits from none but the person to whom (if need be) they may write to discharge the Prisoner

(UK, law, historical) A writ issuing out of chancery, upon certificate given by the ordinary, of a man's standing excommunicate by the space of forty days, for the laying him up in prison till he submit himself to the authority of the church.


vicibus

From the Latin vicibus, the ablative plural form of vicis (“change”, “alternation”, “turn”; “succession”).

(chiefly occurring in phrases in law) By turns; in succession; alternatim.


babysitter test

The babysitter, presumably between the ages of ten and 15, is quite explicitly expected to function in a way usually expected of mature individuals.

1993, Gideon Koren et al., “Maturity of Children to Consent to Medical Research: The Babysitter Test,”, in Journal of Medical Ethics, volume 19, number 3, page 146:

To highlight the inadequacy of such evidence, we propose what we call “the babysitter test” for future prosecution witnesses in death penalty cases. We suggest that, to send someone to the gurney or the electric chair on the word of one witness, the prosecutor must agree to hire that witness as a babysitter for her or his kids for one evening.

2001, Michael L. Radelet, Hugo Bedau, “Erroneous Convictions and the Death Penalty,”, in Wrongly Convicted: Perspectives on Failed Justice, Saundra Westervelt and John A. Humphrey eds., →ISBN, page 274:

I use a babysitter test when it comes to Israel, Indyk said. Do I trust this man or woman with my child? Will he or she be in the trenches when it really counts? Obama would.

2008 October 25, Emily Baltz, “U.S. Ambassador Calls On Jewish Voters To Drop Republican Support, Back Obama”, in cbsnews.com, retrieved 2010-08-25:

(idiomatic, social sciences, law, public policy) An informal method for assessing the maturity, reliability, or probity of a person, inviting one to judge whether one would entrust this person with the care of one's own children.


praemunire

George Fox
Holker Hall
John Pettie
Margaret Fell

Borrowed from Latin praemūnīre, shortened form of praemunire facias (“that you cause to be forewarned”) from the opening words of the writ: praemūnīre (“to fortify (defend in advance)”) (an error for praemonēre (“to forewarn”)) + faciās (“you make”).

Lord Cardinall, the Kings further pleaſure is, / Becauſe all thoſe things you haue done of late / By your power Legatiue within this Kingdome, / Fall into' th' compaſſe of a Premunire; / That therefore ſuch a Writ be ſued againſt you, / To forfeit all your Goods, Lands, Tenements, / Caſtles, and whatſoever, and to be / Out of the Kings protection. This is my Charge.

1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 222, column 2:

The effect of the ſtatute of 16 R. 2 [Statute of Praemunire (16 Ric. II, chapter 5)] is, if any purſue or cauſe to be purſued in the court of Rome, or elſewhere, any thing with toucheth the king, againſt him, his crowne and regality, or his realme, their notaries, procurators, &c. fautors, &c. ſhall be out of the kings protection. […] This offence is called a premunire of the words of the writ, grounded upon this and other ſtatutes for puniſhment thereof.

1644, Edward Coke, Institutes of the Lawes of England; reprinted as The Third Part of the Institutes of the Laws of England […], 15th edition, London: E. and R. Brooke, 1797, →OCLC, pages 119–*120:

For I have heard of a judge, who upon the criminal's appeal to the dreadful day of judgment, told him, he had incurred a premunire, for appealing to a foreign jurisdiction; and of another in Wales, who severely checked the prisoner for offering the same plea […]

1724, Jonathan Swift, The Works of the Rev. Jonathan Swift, volume 9, The Drapier’s Letters 5

Whoſoever procures from the ſee of Rome, or any foreign court, any appeals, proceſs, ſentences, &c., or refuſes to obſerve this act, ſhall incur the forfeitures, &c. of premunire, 24 H. 8, c. 12. [Ecclesiastical Appeals Act 1532 (24 Hen. VIII, chapter 12)] § 4. 10. 25 H. 8, c. 19. [Submission of the Clergy Act 1533 (25 Hen. VIII, chapter 19)] § 5. vol. 4.

1769, Danby Pickering, The Statutes at Large, from Magna Charta to the End of the Eleventh Parliament of Great Britain, Anno 1761 […], volume XXIV, Cambridge: Charles Bathurst, →OCLC, page 456:

What haue you to shew for your selues, for I tell you, I heard some say, that for vrging subscription, you were all within the premunire, insomuch that you haue bene driuen closely to buie your pardons, you haue forfayted all that you haue vnto her Maiestie, and your persons are voyde of her Maiesties protection: you knowe the danger of a premunire, I trowe?

1843, Martin Mar-prelate, Puritan Discipline Tracts: An Epistle to the Terrible Priests of the Convocation House, 2nd edition, London: John Petheram, →OCLC, pages 27–28:

These penalties were first imposed by the stat. 16 Rich. II. c. 5 (commonly called the Statute of Præmunire); and it is by reference to that statute that all subsequent præmunires have been made punishable.

1846, [George Long], Political Dictionary […], volume II, London: Charles Knight and Co., →OCLC, page 184:

After cornering and ruining two bishops in the conflict, and as a part of a more general restructuring of government after the Black Death, Edward III restored the fortunes of those two bishops and instituted premunire as a more regularized procedure for crushing future opposition.

2002, Robert C. Palmer, Selling the Church: The English Parish in Law, Commerce, and Religion, 1350–1550, Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, →ISBN, page 23:

William, angry that he had been forced to answer in an ecclesiastical court outside the realm of England, filed a suit of premunire against Richard Tylhe in the court of the king's bench during the Easter term of 1380, claiming £1,000 in damages. The statutes of premunire prohibited any Englishman from bringing suit in an ecclesiastical court if the cognizance, or jurisdiction, belonged to the king's courts.

2006, Diane Martin, “Prosecution of the Statutes of Provisors and Premunire in the King's Bench, 1377–1394”, in J. S. Hamilton, editor, Fourteenth Century England, Woodbridge, Sussex: Boydell Press, →ISBN, page 109:

The law of praemunire dates from another century. No one who is alive now quite knows what it means.

2009, Hilary Mantel, Wolf Hall, London: Fourth Estate, →ISBN; republished New York, N.Y.: Picador, 2010, →ISBN, page 153:

(law, now historical) The offence in English law of bringing suit in or obeying a foreign (especially papal) court or authority, thus challenging the supremacy of the Crown. The offence was created by the Statute of Praemunire 1393 (16 Richard II, chapter 5), and abolished by the Criminal Law Act 1967 (chapter 58).


praemunire

en-verb

praemunire (third-person singular simple present praemunires, present participle praemuniring, simple past and past participle praemunired)

praemunires (present singular third-person)
praemuniring (participle present)
praemunired (participle past)
praemunired (past)

A Thief having ſtoln two Beaſts from one of thoſe called Quakers, was impriſoned: But ſome body having informed the Judge that the Man that proſecuted was a Quaker, and he (the Judge) perceiving that he would not ſwear, would not hear what the Man could ſay, but tender'd him the Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy, which the ſaid Quaker refuſing, the Judge premunired him, and let the thief go free.

1722, William Sewel, The History of the Rise, Increase, and Progress of the Christian People Called Quakers, Intermixed with Several Remarkable Occurrences. Written Originally in Low-Dutch by William Sewel, and by Himself Translated into English. Now Revis'd and Publish'd, with some Amendments, rev. edition, London: Printed by the Assigns of J. Sowle, at the Bible in George-Yard, Lombard-Street, →OCLC, page 476:

And the ſame year was impriſoned at Warwick, and præmunired for refuſing to take the oath of allegiance: where he was a priſoner in all about nineteen years (as aforeſaid) and four of them kept cloſe priſoners; but being freed by the king's declaration of indulgence, in 1672, while he had a little reſpite he travelled pretty much […]

1791, John Whiting, Persecution Exposed, in Some Memoirs Relating to the Sufferings of John Whiting, and many others of the People Called Quakers, for Conscience Sake, in the West of England, &c. With Memoirs of Many Eminent Friends Deceased, and Other Memorable Matters and Occurrences, Concerning the Sufferings of the said People; and Remarkable Providences Attending Him and Them, during his Long Imprisonment at Ivelchester, till the General Release, in 1686; and Continued Down to the Year 1696, 2nd edition, London: Printed by James Phillips, George-Yard, Lombard-Street, →OCLC, pages 385–386:

He [George Fox] then told them, there was no sentence passed upon him, neither was he præmunired, that he knew of; and therefore he was not made the king's prisoner, but was the sheriff's […]

1834, William Sewel, The History of the Rise, Increase, and Progress of the Christian People Called Quakers. Intermixed with Several Remarkable Occurrences. Written Originally in Low Dutch, and also Translated by Himself into English, 6th edition, volume II, London: Darton and Harvey, →OCLC, pages 136–137:

Besides in this case of our premunired friends, if the king had not re-conveyed their estates as he did, by his letters patent – under the great seal of England, – from him and his heirs, to them and their heirs, they had remained forfeited, and liable to future claims, and the proper owners to be dispossessed thereof […]

1844, William Evans, Thomas Evans, editors, The Friends' Library: Comprising Journals, Doctrinal Treatises, and Other Writings of Members of the Religious Society of Friends, volume VIII, Philadelphia, Penn.: Printed for William and Thomas Evans, by Joseph Rakestraw, →OCLC, page 352:

C[h]ristopher Soper beinge one off yᵉ persons aforesᵈ yᵗ was sent to gaole by Justice Sawle & others as aforesᵈ & for refuseinge to swear præmunired […]

1928, Thomas Lower, edited by Norman Penney, Record of the Sufferings of Quakers in Cornwall 1655–1686 [Journal of the Friends Historical Society; Supplement 14], London, Philadelphia, Penn.: Friends Book Centre; Anna W. Hutchinson, →OCLC, page 133:

[H]e was indeed "discharged of his praemunire but stands yet a prisoner for a fine of £100 for speaking at a burial since he was praemunired; for when he was praemunired his estate was the King's – surely then they fine the King's estate, and £100 is more than the Conventicle Act allows of and it is a hard thing to make a riot of a burial ...".

1979, W. Pearson Thistlethwaite, Yorkshire Quarterly Meeting (of the Society of Friends), 1665–1966, Harrogate: W. Pearson Thistlethwaite, →OCLC, page 49:

A penalty of praemunire involved imprisonment for an indefinite period, ending only with death or the King's pardon. Examples of long continuous imprisonment of praemunired Quakers were the imprisonment of Francis Howgill from 1664 till his death in prison […]

1995, Constance Braithwaite, Conscientious Objection to Various Compulsions under British Law, York: William Sessions, →ISBN, page 20:

[George] Fox and [Margaret] Fell were arrested in January 1664, and Fell was praemunired in August (her estates were later returned) and imprisoned in Lancaster Castle. She was released in 1668. Francis Howgill was praemunired in Appleby and imprisoned for life. He died in the prison there in January 1669.

2000, Rosemary [Anne] Moore, Light in Their Consciences: The Early Quakers in Britain, 1646–1666, University Park, Penn.: Penn State Press, →ISBN, page 185:

(law, historical) To charge with the offence of praemunire; to subject to the penalties of praemunire.


adminiculate

adminiculate (third-person singular simple present adminiculates, present participle adminiculating, simple past and past participle adminiculated)

adminiculates (present singular third-person)
adminiculating (participle present)
adminiculated (participle past)
adminiculated (past)

(transitive, Scots law) To prove; to corroborate.


chargee

A chargee proposing to sell or grant a lease of an object under paragraph 1 otherwise than pursuant to a court order shall give reasonable prior notice in writing of the proposed sale or lease to interested persons.

1998, Air and Space Law - Volume 23, page ii:

A charge differs from a trust because the chargee's right to the chargor's right is defeasible upon the chargor paying what he owes.

2012, Horst Eidenmüller, Eva-Maria Kieninger, The Future of Secured Credit in Europe, page 89:

(law) The holder or beneficiary of a charge or right in security (such as a debenture).

But the chargee will be entitled to a proportionate abatement of the price of the animal if the carcass is later sold.

1954, Taslim Olawale Elias, Groundwork of Nigerian Law, page 237:

Among the Yorubas, the first breed belongs to the owner of the animal, the next to the chargee, the third to the owner, and so on.

1970, E. Cotran, N. N. Rubin, Readings in African Law, Volume 1, page 222:

In the latter case the potential chargee made a direct approach to his relative, friend or neighbour who possessed livestock (goats, for instance) or was capable of procuring some, indicating his interest in being a chargee for his animal.

1984, Odu: A Journal of West African Studies - Issues 25-31, page 97:

(law, Africa) One who is given charge of caring for another's animal or herd.


compurgator

From Medieval Latin compurgator or Middle French compurgateur, from Latin compurgō (“to purify”).

If a wise woman fell under suspicion from the authorities her neighbours might rally to her defence, providing compurgators in court, or drawing up certificates testifying to her innocence.

1971, Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, Folio Society, published 2012, page 244:

Someone who vouches for another person's innocence, trustworthiness etc.

(now historical, law) A character witness in canon law who swore an oath that the accused was innocent.

(historical, law) An ‘oath-helper’ in Anglo-Saxon or Germanic law who testified to the character of an accused person.


reconviction

en-noun

reconviction (countable and uncountable, plural reconvictions)

Only Illinois and New York, besides Texas, have had more convictions overturned by genetic testing than Dallas County, a fact attributable in part to evidence retained to assure reconviction in the event of a successful appeal.

2007 June 3, Ralph Blumenthal, “For Dallas, New Prosecutor Means an End to the Old Ways”, in New York Times:


burglariously

en-adv

burglariously (comparative more burglariously, superlative most burglariously)

more burglariously (comparative)
most burglariously (superlative)

John Hornby was committed on Monday last to Newgate by Justice Ward, for Burglariously entering the House of a Watchmaker in Essex-street and feloniously stealing thence seven Watches; […]

1728 April 18, “Saturday's Post: From the New London Evening Post, April 11: London, April 11”, in The British Spy: Or, Derby Post-Man, volume 1, number 40, page 1:

Cheops erected the first Pyramid / And largest, thinking it was just the thing / To keep his memory whole, and mummy hid; / But somebody or other rummaging, / Burglariously broke his coffin's lid […]

On Wednesday night two rascals burglariously entered the residence of a Mr. M'Knight, on Stanwix street, near the Point, by forcing open the back door.

1853 November 21, “Daring Outrage”, in The Daily Pittsburgh Gazette, page 3:

[…] then and there feloniously and burglariously did steal, take and carry away.

1914, Arthur Percival Will, Standard Encyclopædia of Procedure, page 243:

Under Rev. St. 1900, § 4528, permitting a charge both of burglary and larceny, when the larceny is committed at the time of the burglary in the building burglariously entered, to be joined in the same count of an information […]

1915, “STATE v. BURNS”, in The Southwestern Reporter, volume 173, page 1070:

(dated, law) As a burglar; in order to burgle.


adversarial system

en-noun

adversarial system (plural adversarial systems)

(law) A system of law in which advocates represent the prosecution and the defence and an impartial person (judge) or people (jury) determine the truth of the matter


petitor

(law) The claimant or plaintiff in ancient legal systems.


absolvitor

Borrowed from Latin absolvitor (literally “let him be acquitted”), the third-person singular future passive imperative form of absolvō (“I absolve, acquit, or declare innocent”). Compare absolutory.

bor

Pitmedden purſues Seaton of Menzies as Repreſenting his Father, who was one of the Purſuers Brothers Tutors, for his Fathers Intromiſſion with the Pupils Means, who alleadged Abſolvitor.

1668 December 19, James Dalrymple, “Mr. Alexander Seaton contra Menzies” in The Deciſions of the Lords of Council & Seſſion I (Edinburgh, 1683), page 575

(Scots law) A decision or decree made by a court in favour of the defendant in a given action; dismissal.


circumduce

en-verb

circumduce (third-person singular simple present circumduces, present participle circumducing, simple past and past participle circumduced)

circumduces (present singular third-person)
circumducing (participle present)
circumduced (participle past)
circumduced (past)

But come, Dominie, I have allowed you a competent space to express your feelings. I must circumduce the term; you must let me proceed in my examination.

1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC:

(archaic, law, Scotland, transitive) To declare elapsed, as the time allowed for introducing evidence.


retraxit

From Latin retraxit (“[he] has withdrawn”), inflection of retraho (“[I] withdraw”).

(law, obsolete) A dismissal with prejudice based on a plaintiff's withdrawal of the suit.


misuser

(law) unlawful use of a right; use in excess of, or varying from, one's right


placitum

(UK, law, obsolete) A court, or cause in court.

By deleting in placitum the amount of 7c and inserting in lieu thereof the amount of 9c.

(law) A plea; a pleading; a judicial proceeding; a suit.

(law, US, Australia) a legal decision made by a judge or court.


eigne

Old French aisné, ainsné. Compare esnecy.

Because the canon law (following the civil) did allow such bastard eignè to be legitimate, on the subsequent marriage of his mother: and therefore the laws of England (though they would not admit either the civil or canon law to rule the inheritance of this kingdom, yet) paid such a regard to a person thus peculiarly circumstanced, that, after the land had descended to his issue, they would not unravel the matter again, and suffer his estate to be shaken.

1771, William, Sir Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, volume 2, page 248:

(law, obsolete) entailed; belonging to the eldest son


supplicavit

(law, historical) A writ issued by the King's Bench or Chancery for taking the surety of the peace against a person.


quominus

a quominus clause

(law, historical, sometimes attributive) A writ and legal fiction that (until the late 19th century) allowed the Court of Exchequer to obtain a jurisdiction over cases normally brought in the Court of Common Pleas, based on having the plaintiff in a debt case claim that he was a debtor to the king, and that the defendant's debt prevented him paying the king.


postea

From Latin: "after these or those (things), afterward".

1821, Arnold v Mundy, N.J. Lexis 2.
[…]and upon coming in of the Postea there was a rule to shew cause why that nonsuit should not be set aside and a new trial granted.

(law) The return of the judge before whom a cause was tried, after a verdict, of what was done in the cause, which is endorsed on the nisi prius record.


Dworkinian

en-adj

Dworkinian (comparative more Dworkinian, superlative most Dworkinian)

more Dworkinian (comparative)
most Dworkinian (superlative)

Of or pertaining to Ronald Dworkin (1931-2013), Jewish-American philosopher, jurist, and scholar of United States constitutional law.


siblicide

en-noun

siblicide (countable and uncountable, plural siblicides)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-siblicide.wav

From sibli(ng) + -cide (suffix meaning ‘killing; killer’).

suffix

I continue to question the interpretation of "fatal sibling aggression" and active brood reduction as a means of maximizing productivity[…]. To me, the data clearly indicate a simple response to food availability, with the oldest young passively out-competing its smaller sibling for a limited resource. I still have not seen data to support "siblicide" as a strategy.

1981 winter, Ralph W. Schreiber, “Book Review: The Eastern Bering Sea Shelf: Oceanography and Resources, 1981. Edited by D. W. Hood and J. A. Calder. 2 Volumes. 1339 pp. Available from the University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA 98105. $65.00/volume.”, in Pacific Seabird Group Bulletin, volume 8, number 2, Stinson Beach, Calif.: Pacific Seabird Group, →OCLC, page 111:

Oophagy and adelphophagy, which are forms of embryonic cannibalism, occur in both cartilaginous and bony fishes. They are variations on the tactic of siblicide (Mock, 1984) as a reproductive strategy. In oophagy, embryos feed upon sibling eggs. […] Adelphophagy, literally eating one's brother, is also known in sharks as intrauterine embryonic cannibalism[…].

1988, John P. Wourms, Bryon D. Grove, Julian Lombardi, “The Maternal–Embryonic Relationship in Viviparous Fishes”, in W. S. Hoar, D. J. Randall, editors, Fish Physiology, volumes XI (The Physiology of Developing Fish), part B (Viviparity and Posthatching Juveniles), San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press, →ISBN, page 43:

Obligate siblicide is best known in various eagles, boobies, and pelicans. All lay two eggs, hatching is asynchronus, and usually the elder sib kills its younger sib soon after hatch. From the parent's perspective, the second egg/chick serves as insurance against the unexpected failure of the first[…]. Interestingly, obligate siblicide seems to be independent of prevailing food at the time of the junior sibling[']s demise.

1994, L. Scott Forbes, Douglas W. Mock, “Proximate and Ultimate Determinants of Avian Brood Reduction”, in Stefano Parmigiani, Frederick S. vom Saal, editors, Infanticide and Parental Care […] (Ettore Majorana International Life Sciences Series; 13), Chur, Switzerland, Camberwell, Victoria: Harwood Academic Publishers, →ISBN, page 245:

If siblicides are victim-based, a mother clearly cannot improve her fitness by producing fewer eggs. Less obviously, mothers may eventually be able to gain by laying more, until eventually they are constrained by the costs of eggs.

1997, Douglas W. Mock, Geoffrey A[lan] Parker, The Evolution of Sibling Rivalry (Oxford Series in Ecology and Evolution), Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 230:

One of the more recent examinations of siblicide cases is [John M.] Dawson and [Patrick A.] Langan's Special Report on Murder in Families, published through the Bureau of Justice Statistics (1994). […] According to their findings, 85% of siblicide offenders and 73% of siblicide victims were male. […] Alcohol was reported to play a role in approximately one half of the siblicides in Dawson and Langan's study.

2003, Rocky Underwood, “Family Homicide”, in edited by Eric Hickey, Encyclopedia of Murder & Violent Crime, Thousand Oaks, Calif., London: SAGE Publications, →ISBN, page 167, column 2:

Infanticide, siblicide, cannibalism, rape, and lethal combat have been documented in many kinds of animals.

2011, Steven Pinker, “The Pacification Process”, in The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence has Declined, New York, N.Y.: Penguin Books, published 2012, →ISBN, page 39:

(chiefly zoology) The killing of a sibling, especially as observed among certain species of animals.


wardress

The door opened and the wardress came in.

1993, Pat Barker, The Eye in the Door (The Regeneration Trilogy), Penguin, published 2014, page 369:


nontort

(law) Not being or pertaining to a tort.


similiter

(law) The form by which either party, in pleading, accepts the issue tendered by his/her opponent; a joinder in issue.


noncompete clause

en-noun

noncompete clause (plural noncompete clauses)

Lee is just one of a series of execs who have bolted slow-growing Microsoft in the last year for the bright lights of Google. . . . Microsoft turned to its lawyers, accusing Lee of violating his noncompete clause.

2005 July 21, Jay Greene, “Microsoft Sues over Google's Hire”, in Businessweek, retrieved 2010-09-22:

When Pizza Hut's owner, Tricon (now called Yum Brands), tried to revise his franchise agreement in 1999 to put in a noncompete clause stipulating that Heinecke needed permission to operate other food businesses, Heinecke, who by then already ran a number of fast-food chains, sued for breach of contract.

2009 October 5, Ron Gluckman, “Bill's Excellent Adventure”, in Forbes, retrieved 2010-09-22:

(law) A provision within a business agreement or employment contract which stipulates that the contracting party must abstain from competitive practices not in the interests of an identified firm, such as starting a competing business or accepting a job with a competitor, and often extending for a period of time after the termination of the original employment or other business relationship.


po-po

→ Dutch: popo

Green's Dictionary of Slang
Police officer

From various words by shortening and reduplication.
The "posterior" sense may be reduplication of the initial syllable of that word, with modification of the vowel according to its spelling. Compare German Popo (“bottom”) from Latin pōdex (“anus”).
The "police" sense may come from either the initial syllable of police or the initial letters of the words police officer. Compare PO.

(by extension) A prison officer, corrections officer, prison guard.


inlock

(law, UK dialectal, Northern England) Any corner or part of a common field plowed up and sowed with oats, etc. and sometimes fenced in with a dry hedge while the lave of the field lies fallow and common.


no-fly list

The no-fly list created by U.S. authorities, which singles out passengers who are potential terrorist threats, is the target of frequent criticism that it's incomplete and unreliable.

2005 April 18, Timothy J. Burger, “Extending the No-Fly Zone”, in Time:

(law, aviation) A confidential list containing the names of people who are not permitted to board an aircraft, prepared by government authorities in various jurisdictions and distributed to commercial airlines.


FAT

FAT (countable and uncountable, plural FATs)

full agricultural tenancy
full agricultural tenancy#English

(countable, property law, England and Wales) Initialism of full agricultural tenancy.


plagium

plagium (usually uncountable, plural plagiums)

From Latin plagium (“kidnapping”), compare plagiarism, probably from plaga (“a net, snare, trap”).

(Scots law) abduction, especially of a child


flight risk

flight risk (usually uncountable, plural flight risks)

The court took flight risk into consideration when deciding bail for Mr Smith.

(law, uncountable) The possibility that a person under the custody of law enforcement will abscond if granted bail.

潛逃風險

The court refused to grant Mr Smith bail as he was considered a flight risk.

(law, countable) A person who is considered likely to abscond.

(usually used as a verb "to be a flight risk"; noun translation given) 有潛逃風險的人


speed trap

A section of a roadway where speeds of vehicles are monitored by authorities.


table wine

table wine (countable and uncountable, plural table wines)

The standard of identity is from the Code of Federal Regulations, title 27, section 4.21(a)(2).

(US standards of identity) A grape wine containing at most fourteen percent alcohol by volume.


withername

From Middle English, from Old English wiþernām (“seizure”, literally “a take-back”), from Old Norse viðrnam, equivalent to wither- (“against”) + nim. More at wither, nim.

inh

(law) A second or reciprocal distress of other goods in lieu of goods which were taken by a first distress and have been eloigned; a taking by way of reprisal


with cause

(law, ethics) Alternative form of for cause


penalty unit

In 1987 the Penalty Units and Other Penalties Act introduced a new scheme for financial penalties. The penalty provisions in a number of Acts containing commonly occurring offences were amended to specify the fine in penalty units rather than a specific sum. The value of a penalty unit is specified in the Penalty Units and Other Penalties Act, s 4, currently at $100. All offences now specify fines in penalty units.

2002, Kate Warner, Sentencing in Tasmania, page 124:

Usually an Act sets a maximum fine or penalty for a particular offence, measured in penalty units, which have a monetary equivalent. For example, under Section 46(2) of the Road Safety Act 1986, ‘a person who fails to stop the vehicle when requested or signalled is guilty of an offence. Penalty: eight penalty units’.

2008, Jules Aldous, Making and Breaking the Law: VCE Units 3 and 4, page 311:

A person must not use a listening device to record a private conversation to which the person is a party. Where an individual breaches this provision, the person may be liable to a fine of 50 penalty units ($5,000). Where the offence is committed by a corporation, the corporation may be liable to a fine of 50 penalty units ($25,000).

2010, CCH Australia Limited, Australian Master Human Resources Guide 2010, page 1144:

(Australia, criminal law) An amount of money, used as a basis of a penalty fine, which can be adjusted by the government without the need to pass new legislation.

sakkoyksikkö

amount used as a basis of a penalty fine


for cause

Section 863. Removal of Guardian for Cause.—The court of chancery may remove all guardians, whether appointed by probate tribunals or by the court itself, or by testament, or by the legislature, whenever the guardian abuses his trust, or the interests of the ward require it.

1889, John Davison Lawson, Rights, Remedies, and Practice, at Law, in Equity, and Under the Codes, volume 2, Bancroft Whitney, page 1556:

A common bee will sting and kill another common bee, for cause, but when it is necessary to kill the queen other ways are employed.

c. 1917, Mark Twain, Concerning Tobacco:

As a result, Grace said, its directors decided "to request Mr. Bolduc's resignation, but not to seek his termination for cause."

1995 April 10, John Greenwald et al., “Sex, Lies and W. R. Grace”, in Time:

The court noted this August, that an employee can be fired for cause based on incompetence, if he or she consistently fails to meet reasonable standards.

2009 October 28, “Incompetence is cause for firing”, in Financial Post, Canada, retrieved 2010-10-19:

(law, ethics) For a legitimate, specific reason; with justification.


targeted killing

en-noun

targeted killing (countable and uncountable, plural targeted killings)

The moral legitimacy of targeted killing becomes even clearer when compared to the alternative means of fighting terror – that is, the massive invasion of the community that shelters and supports the terrorists in an attempt to catch or kill the terrorists and destory their infrastructure.

2005, Timothy Shanahan, Philosophy 9/11: Thinking About the War on Terrorism, Open Court Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 191:

Even if the targeted killing is deemed to fall within the laws of armed conflict, the rules relating thereto protect non-combatants. While civilians cannot be targeted, if they are killed or injured during an attack on a military target, then as long as the means employed were discriminate and proportionate, there is no violation of the laws of armed conflict.

2006, Geoff Gilbert, Responding to International Crime, BRILL, →ISBN, page 307:

In wartime, however, the prohibition against targeted killing is more elusive because the law stipulates that combatants, regardless of their rank or official role, are potential targets. Since war is a contest between states, not persons, the killing in war is not murder.

2008, Mark R. Amstutz, International Ethics: Concepts, Theories, and Cases in Global Politics, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc, →ISBN, page 147:

The real issue – one emphasized in informal conversations – seems to be that unless the target is a duly designated "combatant," the targeted killing would become an "assassination."

2009, Benjamin Wittes, Legislating the War on Terror: An Agenda for Reform, Brookings Institution Press, →ISBN, page 366:

There is no announced U.S. policy directive regarding targeted killing. Assassination is addressed in Executive Order 12333, which does not prohibit killing absolutely, but only without presidential approval. Assassination and targeted killing are very different acts, however.

2010, Gary D. Solis, The Law of Armed Conflict: International Humanitarian Law in War, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 542:

In his submission to the UN, [Christof] Heyns points to the experience of drones. Unmanned aerial vehicles were intended initially only for surveillance, and their use for offensive purposes was prohibited, yet once strategists realised their perceived advantages as a means of carrying out targeted killings, all objections were swept out of the way.

2013 June 7, Ed Pilkington, “‘Killer robots’ should be banned in advance, UN told”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 6:

(warfare, euphemistic) The intentional killing by a government or its agents of a civilian or "unlawful combatant" who is not in that government's custody, and who is taking part in an armed conflict or terrorism, whether by bearing arms or otherwise, and is thus regarded by the government as having lost the immunity from being targeted that he or she would otherwise have under the Geneva Conventions.


enterprise liability

(law) A legal doctrine and form of secondary liability under which individual entities can be held jointly liable for some action on the basis of being part of a shared enterprise.


secondary liability

(law) The legal responsibility arising when a party materially contributes to, facilitates, induces or is otherwise responsible for directly infringing acts carried out by another party.


vicarious liability

(law) The legal liability imputed to the superior for the acts of their subordinate, even though the superior is not personally at fault.


intra legem

('Equity Intra Legem') - A court's power to interpret and apply the law to achieve the most equitable result.


public property

public property (countable and uncountable, plural public properties)

(law, property law) Property, assets or information directly owned by or under the control of the state.


private property

private property (countable and uncountable, plural private properties)

All your private property is / Target for your enemy / And your enemy is we

1969, Paul Kantner (lyrics and music), “We Can Be Together”, performed by Jefferson Airplane:

(law, property law) Property to which individuals or corporations have certain exclusive property rights, but do not necessarily possess.

энчилӱ јӧӧжӧ

enčilü ǰööžö

(law, property law) Property to which the state or other public organizations do not have exclusive property rights.

yksityisomaisuus

property to which the state does not have rights


lenocinium

Borrowed from Latin lenocinium (“pimping, prostitution”).

bor

(Scots law) A husband's connivance at his wife's adultery.


mischarge

en-verb

mischarge (third-person singular simple present mischarges, present participle mischarging, simple past and past participle mischarged)

mischarges (present singular third-person)
mischarging (participle present)
mischarged (participle past)
mischarged (past)


disponent

(law) One who dispones, or takes over legal authority.


correctional facility

en-noun

correctional facility (plural correctional facilities)

For inmates in the state's correctional facilities, a typical breakfast menu consists of cereal, toast, jam, jelly, doughnuts, coffee and fruit.

1982 December 19, Donovan Wilson, “Prison Food: Not Fancy, But—”, in New York Times, archived from the original on 2020-12-21:

On Oct. 19, the Standish city council voted to allow federal prisoners, including detainees from Gitmo, to be housed at the local correctional facility.

2009 October 22, Steven Gray, “Michigan: Send Us Your Prison Inmates”, in Time, archived from the original on 2019-08-08:

(chiefly US, formal, euphemistic) A prison, reformatory, or similar institution in which people are confined for the purpose of punishment and/or social rehabilitation.


joint custody

(law) An arrangement whereby parents or guardians (who are not a couple or cease to be one) share the physical and legal custody of a child.

custòdia compartida

arrangement in both parents have the custody of a child


liferent

liferent (countable and uncountable, plural liferents)

The said William Aitken, being of new solemnly sworn, &c., depones he is a Burgess of Hawick, and had the property of a house which he now liferents, the fee being disponed to his son-in-law, Bailie Robert Scot, for the use of his son William, his daughter, Bailie Scot's wife, having paid the price of the house; depones sixty years ago Gilbert Elliot was tenant in Nether Southfield, who broke Hawick Common by plowing a part of it, which the Deponent saw at the Common-Riding when the Magistrates and other persons at the Common-Riding potched the ground he had plowed, and was then sown that he might not reap the crop of this.

1898, R. S. Craig, Adam Laing, The Hawick Tradition of 1514: The Town's Common Flag and Seal, page 240:

(Scots law) The right to receive for life the benefits of a property or other asset, without the right to dispose of it.


MDR

(law) Initialism of mandatory declassification review.


consent search

consent search (plural consent searches)

A warrantless search made by United States law enforcement personnel with the consent of the individual whose person or property is being searched.


RMI

(law) Abbreviation of Rights Management Information.


QEF

qualified election fund
w:passive foreign investment company

(taxation) Acronym of qualified election fund


work release

work release (countable and uncountable, plural work releases)

A prisoner's release from prison for set hours so he or she can work.


hatchman

A prison guard charged with checking on the prisoner by looking through the hatch.


counternotice

Draper (1990) produced a harsh result for the tenant who responded to a section 25 notice by a counternotice and an application to the court for a new tenancy […]

1995, Douglas Scarrett, Property Asset Management:

(law) A legal notice sent in reply to an earlier notice from an opposing party.


assumpsit

Latin, he undertook, preterite of Latin assumere. See assume.

(law) A promise or undertaking, either express or implied, founded on a consideration.

(law) An action to recover damages for breach or nonperformance of such a promise.


cessavit

(UK, law, obsolete) A writ given by statute to recover lands when the tenant has for two years failed to perform the conditions of his tenure.


tenant-in-chief

(law, historical) A tenant holding title to their land directly from a lord paramount beholden to no-one; particularly, a lord holding title directly from the king, owing additional responsibilities such as personal military service.


replevinger

(law, historical) An agent authorised by a sheriff to enforce a writ of replevin.


respondentia

respondentia (usually uncountable, plural respondentias)

From Latin respondentia; see also respondence.

In some places of Italy, money may be lent on respondentia to persons who are not interested in the ship, but those loans must be made in the form of a wager.

1824, Wilhelm Benecke, A Treatise on the Principles of Indemnity in Marine Insurance, Bottomry and Respondentia, page 110:

1831, William Selwyn, Henry Wheaton (notes to the decisions), Thomas I. Wharton (additional notes), An Abridgement of the Law of Nisi Prius, Volume 2, 4th American Edition, page 230,
In the case of a loan, the money is at the risk of the borrower, and must be repaid at all events. But where money is lent on bottomry or respondentia, the money is at the risk of the lender during the voyage.

1999 [1880], John Bouvier, Daniel A. Gleason, Institutes of American Law, Volume 1, New Edition, page 311,
The contract is called respondentia because the money is lent on the personal security of the borrower. It differs from bottomry principally in the following circumstances: bottomry is a loan on the ship, respondentia on the goods; the money is to be repaid to the lender, with maritime interest, in the one case upon the arrival of the ship, and of the goods in the other. In all other respects the contracts are nearly the same, and are governed by the same principles.

(law, commercial law) A loan upon goods laden on board a ship.


reprobator

(Scots law, historical) An old form of action to prove a witness to be perjured or biased.


prosecutive

en-adj

prosecutive (comparative more prosecutive, superlative most prosecutive)

more prosecutive (comparative)
most prosecutive (superlative)

1993, United States Department of Justice, Report to the Deputy Attorney General on the Events at Waco, Texas
Following the ATF raid, the prosecutive focus shifted to-building cases against any Branch Davidians who were responsible for killing and wounding ATF agents, or attempting to do so, during the two shootouts on February 28.


under seal

The terms of the settlement will remain under seal indefinitely.

Other members of the LAPD who were involved in the disaster have also remained anonymous, their discipline under seal.

2023 July 14, Brittney Mejia, Libor Jany, Richard Winton, “LAPD refused to ID officers behind a huge fireworks explosion. Now we have their names”, in Los Angeles Times:

(law) Legally bound not to be disclosed.


artful pleading

en-noun

artful pleading (countable and uncountable, plural artful pleadings)

Suing his employer for negligence rather than for violation of the Federal Employers Liability Act was an artful pleading, and the defendant properly removed the proceedings to federal district court.

(US law) The filing under state law of a claim naturally arising under federal law.


revivor

There may be also a bill of revivor when the suit is abated by the death of any of the parties

1765–1769, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, (please specify |book=I to IV), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC:

(UK, law) revival of a suit which is abated by the death or marriage of any of the parties.

Where any enactment not repealed by this Act has been confirmed, revived or perpetuated by any enactment hereby repealed, such confirmation, revivor or perpetuation shall not be affected by the repeal.

1962 Statute Law Revision (Pre-Union Irish Statutes) Act, 1962 §2(2) Irish Statute Book, No. 29 of 1962

(Ireland, law) revival into force of a statute which had previously been repealed


9-1-1
Federal Communication Commission
National Emergency Number Association
United States

The official form of the service's name in regulations and materials from the United States National Emergency Number Association and Federal Communication Commission.


9-1-1 (countable and uncountable, plural 9-1-1s)


pignus

Thirdly, pignus is the object itself upon which the creditor acquires such real right.

1851, Sir Patrick MacChombaich de Colquhoun, A Summary of the Roman Civil Law, page 392:

Pledge is the pignus of the Roman law; and it is from this source that most of the principles governing the subject are derived.

1895, Thomas Beven, Negligence in Law, page 937:

A commonly accepted notion is that pignus is not a generic term at all; that it is limited (1) to movables, and particularly (2) to the pledgee's possession.

1898, Harvard Law Review, volume 11, page 23:

A pignus can be given for other reasons besides money, as where one gives someone a pignus against his acting as guarantor.

1998, Alan Watson, quoting Ulpian, Edict, book 28, The Digest of Justinian, University of Pennsylvania Press, →ISBN:

Pignus was created by traditio, which is by surrender of civilis possessio to the chargee.

2004 August 26, Eva-Maria Kieninger, editor, Security Rights in Movable Property in European Private Law, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 41:

(law, obsolete, Ancient Rome) A pledge or pawn.


PSPO

(UK, law) Initialism of public space protection order.


primitia

primitia (plural primitias or primitiae)

the primitias of your parsonage

1591, Ed[mund] Sp[enser], “Prosopopoia. Or Mother Hubberds Tale.”, in Complaints. Containing Sundrie Small Poemes of the Worlds Vanitie. […], London: […] William Ponsonbie, […], →OCLC:

(UK, law, obsolete) The first year's whole profit of an ecclesiastical preferment.


suicide bombing

suicide bombing (plural suicide bombings)

An attack carried out by a suicide bomber or a group of them.

عَمَلِيَّة تَفْجِيرِيَّة إِنْتِحَارِيَّة


in respect of

(law) On account of; by reason of; because of.


contempt of court

contempt of court (usually uncountable, plural contempts of court)

[T]hey never could see the Missionaries dispose of their legs in the attitude of kneeling, or hear them begin a hymn in chorus, without bursting into roars of irrepressible laughter. It is much to be hoped that no member of this facetious tribe may ever find his way to England and get committed for contempt of Court.

1869, Charles Dickens, chapter 28, in The Uncommercial Traveller:

If a researcher refused, a contempt of court order might result in incarceration of the researcher (see Hagan 1984).

1994, Brian Burtch, Trials of Labour: The Re-emergence of Midwifery, page 27:

On the same day, Judge Walsh issued a contempt of court decree against Chair Peter McDonald and the Navajo tribal government for having failed to comply with his order to reduce Dine livestock in the JUA.

1996, Ward Churchill, From a Native Son: Selected Essays in Indigenism, 1985-1995:

The Attorney General applied for an order for contempt of court against the New Statesman.

2007, Helen Fenwick, Civil Liberties and Human Rights, page 405:

(law, uncountable) Open disrespect for or willful disobedience of the authority of a court of law or legislative body, typically punishable by such sanctions as a fine or incarceration.

For my part, I am quite satisfied that there may also be consecutive or successive contempts of court constituted by repeated omissions to comply with a mandatory order positively to do something.

2011 August 17, Lord Justice Hughes, “In the matter of W (a Child)”, in England and Wales Court of Appeal (Civil Division) Decisions, retrieved 2014-04-16:

When defendant committed the contempts of court at issue here, he was not at the time incarcerated in a penal or reformatory institution and he was not an escapee.

2012 December 18, “People v. Veilleux”, in Supreme Court of Michigan, retrieved 2014-04-16:

(law, countable) A particular act of open disrespect for or willful disobedience of the authority of a court of law.

Certain reports have appeared in the media that the Hon’ble Delhi High Court has issued a contempt of Court against the Chief of Army Staff.

2010 July 6, “Press Releases: Ministry of Defence”, in Press Information Bureau—Government of India, retrieved 2014-04-16:

There have been unconfirmed reports that the Lahore High Court has issued a contempt of court to the telecom companies for charging higher rates to international incoming callers.

2013 February 19, “Stocks falter on profit-taking in telecoms”, in Karachi Stock Exchange—Daily Market Trend, retrieved 2014-04-16:

(law, countable) A court order which, in the context of a court trial or hearing, declares a person or organization to have disobeyed or been disrespectful of the court's authority.


minorat

(law, historical) A custom or right, analogous to borough English in England, formerly existing in various parts of Europe, by which certain entailed estates, such as a homestead and adjacent land, descended to the youngest male heir.


NFA

Home Minister Hamzah Zainuddin said the case has been classified as "no further action" (NFA) due to lack of evidence.

2020 November 24, “Individuals linked to Chin Peng's ashes will not face charges - minister”, in Malaysiakini:

ACP Nik Ezanee closed the investigation by classifying it as no further action (NFA) after hearing about the woman's plight.

2021 January 31, Farik Zolkepli, “PJ police go the extra mile to help the needy”, in The Star:

Police have completed investigations into a Physical Education (PE) teacher who allegedly made a rape joke in front of his students at school, and have classified it as No Further Action (NFA).

2021 August 5, Muhaamad Hafis Nawawi, “Case of teacher who allegedly made rape joke classified as NFA”, in New Straits Times:

no further action
no further action#English

(law enforcement, criminal law, UK, Malaysia) Initialism of no further action; a potential outcome for a suspect from a police investigation.


NFA

en-verb

NFA (third-person singular simple present NFAs, present participle NFAing or NFA'ing, simple past and past participle NFAd or NFA'd or NFAed)

NFAs (present singular third-person)
NFAing (participle present)
NFA'ing (participle present)
NFAd (participle past)
NFAd (past)
NFA'd (participle past)
NFA'd (past)
NFAed (participle past)
NFAed (past)

After that interview, I think we can NFA him.

(law enforcement slang, UK) To formally end the police investigation of a suspect with no further action.


re-restitution

(law) An order returning property lost by a previous legal proceeding.


gay panic defense

en-noun

gay panic defense (plural gay panic defenses)

(informal, law) A claim of self-defense against an unwanted homosexual advance.


deductor

From deduct + -or under influence from Latin dēductor.

One who deducts something, particularly one who deducts tax from wages or deducts certain expenditures from payment of tax.


deductor

From Latin dēductor (“guide; founder”). See deduce.

(historical) The formal patron of a Roman colony.


latitat

Latin, meaning "he lies hidden", from latito.

This bill of Middlesex must be served on the defendant by the sheriff, if he finds him in that county; but , if he returns “non est inventus" then there issues out a writ of latitat to the sheriff of another county

1765–1769, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, (please specify |book=I to IV), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC:

(UK, law, historical) A writ based upon the presumption that the person summoned was hiding.


antismuggler

Thailand has built an antismuggler and antiterrorist fence along the Malaysian border.

1996, Martin Ira Glassner, Political geography, page 90:

(law enforcement) Acting to combat or prevent the activities of smugglers.


shaken baby syndrome

shaken baby syndrome (countable and uncountable, plural shaken baby syndromes)

A trauma on the head that occurs when a child is violently shaken, creating a whiplash-type motion that causes acceleration-deceleration injuries, often without external signs of trauma.


attempted rape

attempted rape (countable and uncountable, plural attempted rapes)

(law) A crime in which rape was the motive for an assault, although no rape was carried out.


barrable

The doctrine of perpetuity was excluded not because the remainder was legal but because it was barrable.

1876, Sir Henry Studdy Theobald, A concise treatise on the construction of wills:

The question then is brought to this, is it barrable by common deed?

1883, Reports of Cases Argued and Adjudged in the Court of Appeals and the High Court of Chancery of Maryland, page 229:

(law) Capable of being barred (prevented).


dwellinghouse

(law) A house intended as a residential building (and not, for example, as a place of business).


aperitif wine

aperitif wine (countable and uncountable, plural aperitif wines)

The standard of identity is from the Code of Federal Regulations, title 27, section 4.21(g).

(US standards of identity) Grape wine, mixed with brandy or alcohol, with natural flavors (including herbs), and optionally with caramel for color, that matches the general description of aperitif wine but not of vermouth.

vinho aperitivo

wine mixed with brandy or alcohol and natural flavours


grape wine

grape wine (countable and uncountable, plural grape wines)

The standard of identity is from the Code of Federal Regulations, title 27, section 4.21(a)(1).

(US standards of identity) Fermented juice of sound, ripe grapes (optionally with condensed grape must added before or after fermentation, and grape brandy or alcohol added after fermentation, with additional restrictions on the adding of such spirits if the wine is domestic and has a lot of alcohol); optionally with sugar or water added during or after fermentation (but only up to a specified maximum amount added, and, if the amount added is more than a specified benchmark, so that the resulting wine does not exceed specified maxima on solid, alcohol, and acid content); and with a specified maximum acidity.


partially defatted pork fatty tissue

partially defatted pork fatty tissue (uncountable)

The standard of identity is from the Code of Federal Regulations, title 9, section 319.29.

(US standards of identity) Fresh pork fatty tissue, excluding skin, that has been rendered at a temperature not more than 120 degrees Fahrenheit and is pinkish, fresh-looking, and fresh-smelling.


leaf lard

The standard of identity is from the Code of Federal Regulations, title 9, section 317.8(b)(18) and 319.702.

(US standards of identity) White lard made from fresh, clean, sound leaf (abdominal) fat of swine, reasonably free of blood, free of foreign odors and tastes, and having not more than set maxima of potassium hydroxide, peroxide, moisture, volatile matter, and insoluble impurities.


devastavit

Borrowed from Medieval Latin dēvastāvit (“he has wasted”), from dēvastāre, from dēvastō (“I devastate, I lay waste”), from de- + vastāre (from vastō (“I devastate, I lay waste, I ravage”), from vastus (“deserted, wasted”), from Proto-Indo-European *weh₂st- (“empty; wasted”)).

der

Court of Hustings
Lord Mayor of London
Richard Whittington

Waſt may be committed by ſelling or confuſing the Teſtator's Goods, leaving debts unpaid. By […] not having enough to pay them by ſelling of the Teſtator's Goods at an undervalue if by Covin, but if upon a judgment the Sheriff ſell them at undervalue, this is no Devaſtavit in the Executor.

1702, The Law of Executors and Administrators, being a Common Law Treatise. Shewing, Directions for the Management of their Office and Duty, in the Several Branches of It. …, London: Printed by the assigns of R. and Edw. Atkins Esquires. For J. Walthoe in the Middle Temple Cloysters, and M. Wotton at the Three Daggers in Fleet-street, →OCLC, page 191:

If an Executor pay an Uſurious Bond, other Creditors may make a Devaſtavit of it, Hob. p. 167. If a Man be bound in an Obligation Uſurious, the Bond is void between the Parties, yea and Strangers ſhall take the advantage of it; and therefore if ſuch an Obligor makes his Executor and die, and the Executor pay the uſurious Bond, other Creditors may ſhew it, and make a Devaſtavit of it, in Winchcomb and the Biſhop of Wincheſter’s Caſe.

[1710?], A Common Law Treatise of Usury, and Usurious Contracts: Wherein is Set forth, the Nature of Usury, and what Contracts are Said Usurious in our Law. …, London: Printed for John Wickins, and are to be sold by Robert Gosling, at the Mitre over against Chancery-Lane-End in Fleet-Street, →OCLC, page 4:

An executor is guilty of a devastavit if he pays legacies before the debts. […] If an administrator pay the debts of the intestate in such order as the law appoints to the value of all the goods with his own money, he may lawfully dispose of the goods as he pleases, and it will not be a devastavit.

1832, Thomas Coventry with Samuel Hughes, An Analytical Digested Index to the Common Law Reports: From the Time of Henry III. to the Commencement of the Reign of George III. with Tables of the Titles and Names of Cases. … In Two Volumes, 1st American edition, volume I, Philadelphia, Pa.: R. H. Small, law bookseller, 15 Minor Street, →OCLC, page 490:

In the case of an executor committing a devastavit, and a decree for payment of the amount, the debt is considered as due from the time of the devastavit, and not from the date of the decree; […]

1832, Edward Vaughan Williams, A Treatise on the Law of Executors and Administrators. … In Two Volumes, volume II, London: Saunders and Benning, law booksellers, (successors to J[oseph] Butterworth and Son,) 43 Fleet-Street, →OCLC, page 1259:

A representative may, as we have seen, be answerable personally to creditors of the deceased, even for acts done to the best of his judgment, or in the conscientious discharge of his duty. Much more is he so for wrongful acts. These acts are known in legal language as devastavits or acts whereby he has "wasted" or squandered the assets.

1861, Charles Francis Trower, The Law of Debtor and Creditor (The Law Library), Philadelphia, Pa.: T. & J. W. Johnson & Co., law booksellers and publishers, No. 535 Chestnut Street, →OCLC, page 260:

He was without authority, as the administrator in chief was without duty to him, for defaults or devastavits during the preceding administration.

1905, Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Supreme Court of Alabama, volume 41, Montgomery, Ala.: Brown Printing Co., →OCLC, page 128:

(property law) Waste or misapplication of the assets of a deceased person by an executor or administrator; devastation.

(property law) In full, writ of devastavit: a writ issued against an executor or administrator claiming compensation for such misapplication of assets.


sex-plus

She brought a sex-plus case against her employer for hiring older men but refusing to hire older women.

Her theory was a “sex plus” discrimination claim, alleging that the company did not promote fat women.

2008, Anna Rutherford, Fat rights: dilemmas of difference and personhood, page 163:

[…] the latter can perhaps be protected either by including the employee's private life among the grounds of prohibited discrimination, or under the ground of sex, as a sex-plus situation.

2010, Roger Blanpain, Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations in Industrialized Market Economies:

(law, US, of a discrimination case) Having as factors a person's gender and some other factor related to that gender.


fit up

en-verb

fit up (third-person singular simple present fits up, present participle fitting up, simple past and past participle fitted up)

fits up (present singular third-person)
fitting up (participle present)
fitted up (participle past)
fitted up (past)

The gun was placed in her car in an effort to fit her up.

(criminology, slang) Conspire to incriminate falsely a presumably innocent person.


OSC

order to show cause
order to show cause#English

(law) Initialism of order to show cause.


nonguideline

(chiefly law) Not having or pertaining to guidelines.


commodate

Latin commodatum (“something lent, a loan”).


sexual abuse

en-noun

sexual abuse (usually uncountable, plural sexual abuses)

Statutory-rape laws concerning voluntary intercourse would probably be taken off the books, though both young boys and young girls could still be protected against any sexual abuse by older persons.

1971 October 4, ‘Facing Equality for Women’, Time:

1987, Lou Sullivan, personal diary, quoted in 2019, Ellis Martin, Zach Ozma (editors), We Both Laughed In Pleasure
I believe that I was the victim of sexual abuse in my relationship with T. It was always the way HE wanted it & I wasn't to do anything I wanted. So I just "submitted" to him & was glad that he would have anything to do with me.

Argentine priest Julio Grassi begins 15-year sentence over sexual abuse.

2013, The Guardian, (headline), 29 Sep 2013

(crime) Any sexual activity that is undesired by one participant but forced on them nonetheless, especially when considered to be more sustained or frequent than an incident of sexual assault.

seksuele misbruik

forcing of undesired sexual activity by one person on another


delation

delation (countable and uncountable, plural delations)

Some curious circumstances respecting delation, prison life, and autos da fe are here minutely recorded.

1858, John Addington Symonds, Renaissance in Italy, Volumes 1 and 2:

Such public defiance might become Valentinian; but it could leave no room for the unworthy delation of the philosopher Maximus, which supposes some more private offence, (Zosimus, l. iv. p. 200, 201.)

1789, Edward Gibbon, The History of The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire:

A wise woman who was popular with her neighbours might escape delation; whereas one who had fallen out with them might find herself accused not just of charming, but even of black witchcraft.

1971, Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, Folio Society, published 2012, page 253:

2012, Bradford E. Hinze, Chapter 1: A Decade of Disciplining Theologians, Richard R. Gaillardetz (editor), When the Magisterium Intervenes, Liturgical Press (Michael Glazier), page 9,
Delations frequently come from a local bishop, but there have been cases where vigilante groups (e.g., Catholics United for the Faith) and individuals have complained about a theologian's writings or lectures.

(law) An accusation or charge brought against someone, especially by an informer; the act of accusing someone.


crime lord

The place felt more like a crime lord's den than anything else.

A person who is in charge of a criminal organization.

犯罪頭目

person in charge of a criminal organization


Mickey Mouse Protection Act

the Mickey Mouse Protection Act (canonical)

So called because it served to prevent Disney's Mickey Mouse character from entering the public domain for a further period.

(informal, derogatory) The Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act.


POSITA

person of ordinary skill in the art#English

(law) Acronym of person of ordinary skill in the art.


prosecution history estoppel

prosecution history estoppel (uncountable)

(law) In United States patent law, the circumstance under which a person who has filed a patent application, and then made amendments to the application to accommodate the patent law and secure issuance of the patent, is prevented from bringing a cause of action for infringement of the patent where the allegedly infringing acts falling within the matter disclaimed by the amendment.


public comment

The purpose of the hearings, according to John Dyer, RTD general manager, will be to receive public comment on the environmental impact statement

1983 July 14, “Public Hearings on Metro Rail Impact Study Set”, in Los Angeles Times:

The draft code, which is out for public comment, calls for regular meetings between the external auditors and the regulators of major financial firms and also encourages more informal dialogue

2011 February 10, Brooke Masters, “Bank auditors to help provide early warning system”, in Financial Times:

The public comment deadline on the plan had been Thursday. But numerous people wanted more time to consider and comment on the plan, and the agencies agreed. Comments will now be accepted until March 3.

2011 February 16, Matt Weiser, “Public will have more time to comment on location of flooding nerve center”, in Sacramento Bee:

(politics, law) Input given by the public to governmental (or rarely other) bodies, about proposed legislation or regulation(s), during a period—and by means—set aside and prescribed by law.


good cop bad cop

A psychological tactic used for interrogation, involving one police officer playing the role of intimidating adversary, and another that of friend with whom the subject is encouraged to bond.


peculium

Borrowed from Latin peculium. See peculiar.

(law, historical) The savings of a son or a slave, with the father's or master's consent; a little property or stock of one's own.


killbot

(especially science fiction) A robot designed to kill; a robotic assassin.


withdraught

/wɪðˈdɹɑːft/

From Middle English wyþdraȝþ, wedraught, etc, equivalent to with- + draught or withdraw + -th.

(law, obsolete) Retraxit: a dismissal with prejudice based on a plaintiff's withdrawal of the suit.

(law, obsolete) A fine imposed on plaintiffs for such a dismissal.


rule of recognition

(law) A notion of what should "count" as law.


distringas

Latin, that you distrain, from distringere. See distrain.

(law, historical) A writ commanding the sheriff to distrain a person by his goods or chattels, to compel a compliance with something required of him.