hazel

en-adj

hazel (comparative more hazel or (rare) hazeler, superlative most hazel or (rare) hazelest)

more hazel (comparative)
hazeler (comparative rare)
most hazel (superlative)
hazelest (rare superlative)

As she grew up and her hazel eyes became hazeler and her dark hair darker and her white skin whiter, and her form a sigh on every boy’s lips, she concentrated on one dream.

1956 January 7, James L. Collings, “Syndicates: Oh Marie! Whatta Gal and Whatta Reporter”, in Robert U[tting] Brown, editor, Editor & Publisher, volume 89, number 1, New York, N.Y.: Editor & Publisher Co., Inc., →ISSN, page 40, column 1:

The shrewd eyes, more hazel than her son’s but with the same straight brows, were fixed on Clary’s face.

1986, Robyn Donald, chapter 4, in A Willing Surrender, London: Mills & Boon Limited, →ISBN, page 81:

SAGE: Don’t my eyes look hazeler? (or: periwinkler) / CHLO: (as GARTH) Yes. / SAGE: You said you loved my hazel eyes. (or: periwinkle) Don’t you love them more hazely? (or: periwinkly)

1996, Adryan Russ, Doug Haverty, “Act Two”, in Inside Out, New York, N.Y.: Samuel French, Inc., →ISBN, page 58:

The drummer’s eyes took the small woman in slowly, starting with her face, down to her feet and then back up into the hazelest eyes she’d ever seen.

2005, Sharon Smith, chapter 2, in Into the Dark, Nederland, Tex.: Yellow Rose Books, →ISBN, page 12:

What’s that line on “Hazel Eyes”: “I’ve never seen a set of eyes more hazeler”? [Justin Hawkins:] “I’ve never seen a set of eyes more hazelerer.”

2005 December, Doug Brod, “Burning Sensation”, in Sia Michel, editor, Spin, volume 21, number 12, New York, N.Y., →ISSN, page 73, column 2:

Doolittle had the hazelest eyeballs, the winsomest spinal pelt.

2011, Margaret Fiske, “Sense & Circuitry: Cyberth 1813”, in Peter Archer, Jennifer Lawler, editors, Bad Austen: The Worst Stories Jane Never Wrote, Avon, Mass.: Adams Media, F+W Media, Inc., →ISBN, part 2 (If Jane Could See Us Now), page 96:

His eyes were somewhere indefinite between green and hazel. Sometimes appearing hazeler or greener depending on how the light flickered on them.

2012 March 8, Francine J. Colangelo, chapter 10, in Marah Hein: The Legend of a Viking Woman, Bloomington, Ind.: Balboa Press, Hay House, →ISBN, page 84:

And now I should probably say something, but that would involve words, and WHAT EVEN ARE WORDS, and he’s looking at me with the hazelest eyes and the softest, most upturned mouth.

2017 April 11, Becky Albertalli, chapter 16, in The Upside of Unrequited, New York, N.Y.: Balzer + Bray, HarperCollins Publishers, →ISBN, page 178:

Of a greenish-brown colour. (often used to refer to eye colour)


ruby

en-noun

ruby (countable and uncountable, plural rubies)

From Middle English ruby, rube, from Old French rubi, from Medieval Latin rubīnus.

Elgin. Topaz a Saltier and Chief Ruby, on a Canton Pearl a Lyon Rampant Saphyr, which last is their paternal Coat; and the Field Topaz, and Saltier, and Chief Ruby, was the Arms of King Robert the Bruce, they altering the Field from Pearl (as he bore it) to Topaz.

1720, Francis Nichols, Rudiments of Honour, page 296:

The Field is Ruby, on a Bend Topaz, three Martlets Diamond. [...] Checkie Topaz and Saphire, a Fesse within a Bordure Ruby, by the Name of Clifford.

1726, John Guillim, The Banner Display'd; Or, an Abridgment of Guillim, page 504:

(1) Pearl, a Cross, Ruby, with the Effigies of our Saviour thereon, Topaz, born in Memory of one of the Family's fighting against the Turks. (2) Topaz, a Chief Indented, Saphire. (3) Ruby, three covered Cups, Topaz [...]

1754, John Lodge, The Peerage of Ireland; Or, a Genealogical History of the ..., page 71:


ruby

en-verb

ruby (third-person singular simple present rubies, present participle rubying, simple past and past participle rubied)

rubies (present singular third-person)
rubying (participle present)
rubied (participle past)
rubied (past)

With sanguine drops the walls are rubied

1725–1726, Homer, “Book 20”, in [William Broome, Elijah Fenton, Alexander Pope], transl., The Odyssey of Homer. […], London: […] Bernard Lintot, →OCLC:

(transitive, poetic) To make red; to redden.


sapphire

en-noun

sapphire (countable and uncountable, plural sapphires)

→ Tokelauan: hafaila

→ Welsh: saffir

From Middle English saphir, from Old French saphir, from Latin sapphir, sappir, sapphīrus, from Ancient Greek σάπφειρος (sáppheiros, “precious stone, gem”), from a Semitic language such as Hebrew סַפִּיר (sappī́r, “lapis lazuli”), originally from Assyrian Akkadian šipirtu (“lapis lazuli”).

cog

Elgin. Topaz a Saltier and Chief Ruby, on a Canton Pearl a Lyon Rampant Saphyr, which last is their paternal Coat; […]

3. Saphire, ten Bezants, 4, 3, 2, 1, by the Bisset.

(2) Topaz, a Chief Indented, Saphire.

Topaz, on a Cross, Sapphire, a Crosier thrust through a Mitre, Topaz.

1756, Francis Nichols, The Irish Compendium, Or, Rudiments of Honour, Containing the Descent, Marriage, Isssue, Titles, Posts, and Seats, of All the Nobility of Ireland..., page 440:

(heraldry) Azure, when blazoning by precious stones.


chestnut

en-noun

chestnut (countable and uncountable, plural chestnuts)

→ Gujarati: ચેસ્ટનટ (cesṭanaṭ)

Formerly chesten nut, from Middle English chesten, Middle English chesteyne, chasteine, from Old English ċisten and reinforced by Old French chastaigne, both from Latin castānea, from Ancient Greek καστάνεια (kastáneia). Latin castānea also is the ultimate source of English castanet.

pull someone's chestnuts out of the fire

chestnut:

(uncountable) A dark, reddish-brown colour, as seen on the fruit of the chestnut tree.


charcoal

charcoal (usually uncountable, plural charcoals)

/ˈtʃɑː.kəʊl/

From Middle English charcole, from charren (“to change, turn”) + cole (“coal”), from Old English cierran (“to change, turn”) + col (“coal”); equivalent to char (Etymology 3 (verb)) + coal.

The grate was laid with charcoal, to that she put a light, and then, as if she had forgotten something, hurried to the library, and carefully locked the door. First returning to see that the fire had kindled, she then went to the window, which, with the first gleam of moonlight, she cautiously unclosed, and stepped into the shrubbery.

1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, pages 325–326:

But through the oligopoly, charcoal fuel proliferated throughout London's trades and industries. By the 1200s, brewers and bakers, tilemakers, glassblowers, pottery producers, and a range of other craftsmen all became hour-to-hour consumers of charcoal.

2006, Edwin Black, chapter 2, in Internal Combustion:

destructive distillation
destructive distillation

(countable, uncountable) impure carbon obtained by destructive distillation of wood or other organic matter, that is, heating it in the absence of oxygen.

He takes the prepared charcoal used by artists, brings it to a white heat, and suddenly plunges it in a bath of mercury, of which the globules instantly penetrate the pores of charcoal, and may be said to metallize it.

1879, Th Du Moncel, The Telephone, the Microphone and the Phonograph, page 166:

(countable) A stick of black carbon material used for drawing.

(countable) A drawing made with charcoal.


charcoal

en-adj

charcoal (comparative more charcoal, superlative most charcoal)

more charcoal (comparative)
most charcoal (superlative)

/ˈtʃɑː.kəʊl/


carnation

en-noun

carnation (countable and uncountable, plural carnations)

From Middle French carnation (“person's color or complexion”).

Dianthus caryophyllus

plant, flower; ancestor of the carnation

Dianthus caryophyllus
Dianthus caryophyllus#Translingual

(botany) A type of Eurasian plant widely cultivated for its flowers.

other members of genus Dianthus and hybrids

The type of flower they bear, originally flesh-coloured, but since hybridizing found in a variety of colours.

carnation:

(archaic) The pinkish colors used in art to render human face and flesh


amethyst

From Middle English ametist, from Old French ametiste (French améthyste), from Ancient Greek ἀμέθυστος (améthustos, “not drunk”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + μεθύω (methúō, “I am drunk”), from μέθυ (méthu, “wine”).

The Field is Topaz, a Lion rampant Amethyst [...]

1726, John Guillim, The Banner Display'd, page 407:

Purple, on the arms of princes Mercury, of peers amethyst, and of commoners purpure, [is represented] by diagonal lines from the sinister chief to the dexter base.

1834, The Art of Heraldry; Explaining the Origin and Use of Arms and Armorial Bearings, Etc, page 14:

1st & 4th grand Quarter alike viz. Field Pearl, on a bend Sapphire 3 Buckheads, coup'd topaz for Stanley. The 2d Quarter, Field Sapphire with an inverted Chief, amethyst. The 3d, A Checque topaz & Amethyst, this seems prior to Bosworth field, to have belong'd to Sr Robt Goushill whose Dr a Stanley married …

1906 (printed), The Beetham Repository, 1770 (eds. William Hutton, John Rawlinson Ford), page 115

(heraldry) The tincture purpure, when blazoning by precious stones.


buff

en-noun

buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)

From buffe (“leather”), from Middle French buffle (“buffalo”).

He’s a real history buff. He knows everything there is to know about the civil war.

(informal) A person who is very interested in a particular subject.

liefhebber

a person who is very interested in a particular subject


PU

IMO, this stinks. PU.

1994 February 28, zombie, “Future Images”, in rec.arts.comics.misc (Usenet), retrieved 2022-06-20:

1997 February 19, K.A.J., “PU, whats that smell......”, in rec.equestrian (Usenet), retrieved 2022-06-20:

1999 April 7, Thomas Mac Donald, “99 Interior Smell - PU”, in rec.autos.makers.mazda.miata (Usenet), retrieved 2022-06-20:

THIS NEWSGROUP STINKS
PU

2000 March 19, thunde...@webtv.net, “PU WHO CUT THE FRIKIN CHEESE?”, in alt.cheese (Usenet), retrieved 2022-06-20:

Phew can mean you are exhausted, hot, and other things which leave you overwhelmed. Pew is a bench you sit on in church. PU means that something stinks. I feel no connection between these words. While Phew *may* mean "what a stink", PU can mean *only* "what a stink". By the way, PU has been around at least since was a young kid 60 years ago.

2000 February 22, Karl Reinhardt, “How to spell???”, in alt.usage.english (Usenet), retrieved 2022-06-20:

PU? As in Stinks? :^)
Sam (Pee Euw) Sands

2000 October 7, Samuel Sands, “Truck”, in atl.arno (Usenet), retrieved 2022-06-20:

(slang) Alternative form of P U; expression used when encountering a displeasing smell; exaggerated pronunciation of pew.


hear

en-verb

hear (third-person singular simple present hears, present participle hearing, simple past and past participle heard)

hears (present singular third-person)
hearing (participle present)
heard (participle past)
heard (past)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓws
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱh₂owsyéti
Proto-Germanic *hauzijaną
Proto-West Germanic *hauʀijan
Old English hīeran
Middle English heren
English hear
From Middle English heren, from Old English hīeran (“to hear”), from Proto-West Germanic *hauʀijan, from Proto-Germanic *hauzijaną (“to hear”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱh₂owsyéti (“to be sharp-eared”), from *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”) + *h₂ows- (“ear”) + *-yéti (denominative suffix).
Cognates
Cognate with Saterland Frisian heere (“to hear”), West Frisian hearre (“to hear”), Dutch horen (“to hear”), German hören (“to hear”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål høre (“to hear”), Norwegian Nynorsk høyra (“to hear”), Icelandic heyra (“to hear”), Ancient Greek ἀκούω (akoúō, “I hear”).

inh

there are none so deaf as those who will not hear

I was deaf, and now I can hear.

(intransitive, stative) To perceive sounds through the ear.

I heard a sound from outside the window.

Mr. Cooke at once began a tirade against the residents of Asquith for permitting a sandy and generally disgraceful condition of the roads. So roundly did he vituperate the inn management in particular, and with such a loud flow of words, that I trembled lest he should be heard on the veranda.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

(transitive, stative) To perceive (a sound, or something producing a sound) with the ear, to recognize (something) in an auditory way.

Agayne there was dissencion amonge the iewes for these sayinges, and many of them sayd: He hath the devyll, and is madde: why heare ye hym?

1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, John:

It had been his intention to go to Wimbledon, but as he himself said: “Why be blooming well frizzled when you can hear all the results over the wireless. And results are all that concern me. […]”

1935, George Goodchild, chapter 3, in Death on the Centre Court:

(transitive) To exercise this faculty intentionally; to listen to.

Eventually the king chose to hear her entreaties.

(transitive) To listen favourably to; to grant (a request etc.).

Your case will be heard at the end of the month.

(transitive, law) To listen to (a person, case) in a court of law; to try.


listen

en-verb

listen (third-person singular simple present listens, present participle listening, simple past and past participle listened)

listens (present singular third-person)
listening (participle present)
listened (participle past)
listened (past)

From Middle English listenen, listnen, alteration (due to Middle English listen (“to listen, give heed to”)) of Old English hlysnan (“to listen”),
from Proto-Germanic *hlusnijaną, *hlusnōną (compare Middle High German lüsenen), from Proto-Germanic *hlusēną (compare Old High German hlosēn),
from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to hear”).
Compare Ancient Greek κλαίω (klaíō, “I make known, famous”), Welsh clywed (“to hear”), Latin clueō (“I am famous”), Lithuanian klausýti, Old Church Slavonic слушати (slušati, “to hear”), Sanskrit श्रोषति (śróṣati, “an exclamation used in making an offering with fire to the gods or departed spirits”) & Sanskrit श्लोक्य (ślókya, “voice, sound, noisy”)).
Related to loud and German lauschen.

cog

talk to the hand 'cause the face ain't listening

Please listen carefully as I explain.

It was April 22, 1831, and a young man was walking down Whitehall in the direction of Parliament Street.[…]. He halted opposite the Privy Gardens, and, with his face turned skywards, listened until the sound of the Tower guns smote again on the ear and dispelled his doubts.

1906, Stanley J[ohn] Weyman, chapter I, in Chippinge Borough, New York, N.Y.: McClure, Phillips & Co., →OCLC, page 01:

He reined Wrangle to a walk, halted now and then to listen, and then proceeded cautiously with shifting and alert gaze.

1912 January, Zane Grey, chapter 4, in Riders of the Purple Sage […], New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, →OCLC:

'But, sir, lyars ye have lystened, and that hath caused grete debate betwyxte you and me.'

1485, Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte d'Arthur, Book XX:

Lady, vouchsafe to listen what I say.

1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii]:

Here laid his Scrip, with wholesome Viands fill'd, / There, listening every Noise, his watchful Dog.

a. 1749 (date written), James Thomson, “Summer”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, →OCLC:

I'm listening to what you say / Even though I look the other way / But you could never understand / The feeling of what I'm needing

2007, KT Tunstall (lyrics and music), “Saving My Face”, in Drastic Fantastic:

(intransitive except in archaic usage) To use one's sense of hearing in an intentional way; to make deliberate use of one's ears; to pay attention to or wait for a specific sound.


listen

Give the motor a listen and tell me if it sounds off.

The diss song, “Back to Back,” now has more than 124 million listens, a sign that the streaming can attract a sizable audience for a single track.

2016 March 29, Victor Luckerson, “There's a New Way To Listen To All the Remixes You Want”, in Time:

I hadn't spoken to her in a year, but she could still see my listens on the music platform we both used.

2020, Emily Segal, Mercury Retrograde, New York: Deluge Books, →ISBN:


touch

en-verb

touch (third-person singular simple present touches, present participle touching, simple past and past participle touched)

touches (present singular third-person)
touching (participle present)
touched (participle past)
touched (past)
touch (infinitive)

From Middle English touchen, tochen, from Old French tochier (“to touch”) (whence Modern French toucher; compare French doublet toquer (“to offend, bother, harass”)), from Vulgar Latin *tuccō (“to knock, strike, offend”), from Frankish *tukkōn (“to knock, strike, touch”), from Proto-Germanic *tukkōną (“to tug, grab, grasp”), from Proto-Indo-European *dewk- (“to draw, pull, lead”). Displaced native Middle English rinen, from Old English hrīnan (whence Modern English rine).
Cognates
Cognate with Old High German zochhōn, zuhhōn (“to grasp, take, seize, snatch”) (whence German zucken (“to jerk, flinch”)), German Low German tucken, tocken (“to fidget, twitch, pull up, entice, throb, knock, repeatedly tap”), Middle Dutch tocken, tucken (“to touch, entice”) (whence Dutch tokkelen (“to strum, pluck”)), Old English tucian, tūcian (“to disturb, mistreat”) (whence Modern English tuck). Compare also Old High German tokkōn, tockōn (“to abut, collide”). Outside Germanic, cognate to Albanian cek (“to touch”), Old Church Slavonic тъкнѫти (tŭknǫti). More at tuck, take.

der

not touch something with a ten-foot pole

The man was arrested for touching a girl without her consent.

(transitive) To make intimate physical contact with a person.


vert

en-noun

vert (countable and uncountable, plural verts)

From Middle English vert, borrowed from Old French vert, from Vulgar Latin virdis, syncopated from Classical Latin viridis. Doublet of virid, which was borrowed directly from Latin.

vert:

(heraldry) A green colour, now only in heraldry; represented in engraving by diagonal parallel lines 45 degrees counter-clockwise.


vert

en-adj

vert (comparative more vert, superlative most vert)

more vert (comparative)
most vert (superlative)

(heraldry) In blazon, of the colour green.


canary

en-noun

canary (countable and uncountable, plural canaries)

From French canarie, from Spanish canario, from the Latin Canariae insulae (“Canary Islands”) (Spanish Islas Canarias); from the largest island Insula Canaria (“Dog Island" or "Canine Island”), named for its dogs, from canārius (“canine”), from canis (“dog”).

der

Ile to my honeſt knight ſir Iohn Falſtaffe, / And drinke Canary with him.

c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, […] [T]he Merrie Wiues of Windsor. […] (First Quarto), London: […] T[homas] C[reede] for Arthur Ihonson, […], published 1602, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

And though the annals of the period do not show us that there was less ale drawn, or less canary called for; men got dry with the heat of polemical discussion, and drunk with a text, not the fag end of a ballad, in their mouths; and people made a sort of morality of straight hair, long faces, and sad-coloured garments.

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XVII, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 190:

Or maybe you'd accept iv a couple o' bottles of claret or canaries?

1863, J[oseph] Sheridan Le Fanu, “In Which a Liberty Is Taken with Mr. Nutter’s Name, and Mr. Dangerfield Stands at the Altar”, in The House by the Church-yard. […], volume II, London: Tinsley, Brothers, […], →OCLC, page 234:

(countable, uncountable) A light, sweet, white wine from the Canary Islands.


smell

en-noun

smell (countable and uncountable, plural smells)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *(s)meld-
Proto-West Germanic *smalljan
Old English *smiellan
Middle English smellen
English smell
From Middle English smellen, smillen, smyllen, smullen, from Old English *smyllan, *smiellan (“to smell, emit fumes”), from Proto-West Germanic *smallijan (“to glow, burn, smoulder”), from Proto-Indo-European *smel- (“to burn, smoke, smoulder; tar, pitch”). The noun is from Middle English smel, smil, smul (“smell, odour”). Related to Saterland Frisian smeele (“to smoulder”), Middle Dutch smōlen (“to burn, smoulder”) (whence Dutch smeulen (“to smoulder”)), Middle Low German smölen (“to be hazy, be dusty”) (whence Low German smölen (“smoulder”)), Low German smullen (“emit smoke”), West Flemish smoel (“stuffy, muggy, hazy”), Danish smul (“dust, powder”), Lithuanian smilkyti (“to incense, fumigate”), Lithuanian smilkti (“to smudge, smolder, fume, reek”), Lithuanian smalkinti (“to fume”), Middle Irish smál, smól, smúal (“fire, gleed, embers, ashes”), Russian смола́ (smolá, “resin, tar”). Compare smoulder, smother.

cog

I love the smell of fresh bread.

The penetrating smell of cabbage reached the nose of Toad as he lay prostrate in his misery on the floor, and gave him the idea for a moment that perhaps life was not such a blank and desperate thing as he had imagined. But still he wailed, and kicked with his legs, and refused to be comforted. So the wise girl retired for the time, but, of course, a good deal of the smell of hot cabbage remained behind, as it will do, and Toad, between his sobs, sniffed and reflected, and gradually began to think new and inspiring thoughts: of chivalry, and poetry[…]

1908 October, Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC:

A sensation, pleasant or unpleasant, detected by inhaling air (or, the case of water-breathing animals, water) carrying airborne molecules of a substance.

aroma

(sensation): see Thesaurus:smell; pleasant

niff

(sensation): see Thesaurus:smell; unpleasant


smell

en-verb

smell (third-person singular simple present smells, present participle smelling, simple past and past participle smelled or smelt)

smells (present singular third-person)
smelling (participle present)
smelled (participle past)
smelled (past)
smelt (participle past)
smelt (past)

ощуща́ть за́пах

oščuščátʹ zápax

ruik

to have a particular smell, whether good or bad; if descriptive, followed by "like" or "of"

I do smell all horse-piss

1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:

en:omit odor whether good or bad
en:have the odor of

whiff

informal; these words refer to unpleasant smells

(intransitive, copulative) Followed by like or of if descriptive: to have a particular smell, whether good or bad.

(by extension, intransitive, copulative) To smell of; to have a smell of

Ew, this stuff smells.

en:omit odor whether good or bad
en:omit bad odor

(intransitive, without a modifier) To smell bad; to stink.

A report smells of calumny.

Praises in an enemy are superfluous, or smell of craft.

1649, J[ohn] Milton, ΕΙΚΟΝΟΚΛΆΣΤΗΣ [Eikonoklástēs] […], London: […] Matthew Simmons, […], →OCLC:

en:smack of something whether literally or figuratively

(intransitive, figurative) To have a particular tincture or smack of any quality; to savour.


chamois

Borrowed from Middle French chamois, from Late Latin camox, from Gaulish camox (5th c. AD, Polemius Silvius), probably from an extinct Alpine language (Raetic, Ancient Ligurian), possibly Proto-Indo-European *kem- (“without horns”). Compare also Old High German gamiza (“chamois”) (whence modern German Gämse).


raspberry

→ Japanese: ラズベリー (razuberī)

From earlier raspis berry, possibly from raspise (a sweet rose-colored wine), from Anglo-Latin vinum raspeys, of uncertain origin. Possibly related to rasp (“coarse, rough”), of Germanic origin.

عُلَّيْق m (ʕullayq) (which also means blackberry)

Any of many other (but not all) species in the genus Rubus.

The juicy aggregate fruit of these plants.


raspberry

en-adj

raspberry (comparative raspberrier, superlative raspberriest)

raspberrier (comparative)
raspberriest (superlative)

She wore a raspberry beret / The kind you find in a second hand store

1985, Prince (lyrics and music), “Raspberry Beret”, in Around the World in a Day, performed by Prince and the Revolution:


raspberry

en-verb

raspberry (third-person singular simple present raspberries, present participle raspberrying, simple past and past participle raspberried)

raspberries (present singular third-person)
raspberrying (participle present)
raspberried (participle past)
raspberried (past)

[…] she stuck burrs in my bed and lead me through the nettle-patch when we were raspberrying, because she knew I did n't know nettles; […]

1903, M. E. Waller, A Daughter of the Rich, Little, Brown, and Company, published 1903, page 137:

"Owen and she went raspberrying in the woods back of her farm," answered Anne. "They won't be back before supper time—if then."

1917, Lucy Maud Montgomery, chapter 37, in Anne's House of Dreams:

[…] Mrs. Thrifty was picking pie cherries, two boys were raspberrying, and the fourth son, as I recall it, blueberrying.

1944, Cornelius Weygandt, The Heart of New Hampshire: Things Held Dear by Folks of the Old Stocks, G. P. Putnam's Sons, published 1944, page 129:

My mother told my sister Sally and me that if we were good little girls we might go raspberrying up on the mountains when the raspberries were ripe.

1976, Emily Ward, The Way Things Were: An Autobiography of Emily Ward, Newport Press (1976), page 4

In strawberry time she had seen individual bears grazing in the meadows along the bluff, and later, while raspberrying, she heard one gobbling fruit and snorting on the other side of the bush.

1988, Charles McCarry, The Bride of the Wilderness, MysteriousPress.com, published 2011, →ISBN:


raspberry

Cockney rhyming slang, from raspberry tart = fart (though "raspberry" is rarely used for a fart, merely a noise which imitates it). Compare raspberry ripple = cripple.

Of the announcement, Osborne said: "They have spent a hundred billion pounds of public money and they've got a massive raspberry from everyone as far as I can see. As a PR exercise, it's been an object lesson in how not to make a government announcement."

2021 December 1, “Network News: Integrated Rail Plan: Osborne predicts HS2 eastern leg will return”, in RAIL, number 945, page 8:

(colloquial) A noise intended to imitate the passing of flatulence, made by blowing air out of the mouth while the tongue is protruding from and pressed against the lips, or by blowing air through the lips while they are pressed firmly together or against skin (often a form of tickling) used humorously or to express derision.


sweet

en-adj

sweet (comparative sweeter, superlative sweetest)

sweeter (comparative)
sweetest (superlative)

nonsweet

antonym(s) of “containing a sweetening ingredient”

dry

of wines: retaining a portion of natural sugar

decaying

antonym(s) of “not decaying, fermented, rancid, sour, spoiled, or stale”

sour

antonym(s) of “free from excessive unwanted substances”

lame

antonym(s) of “(informal) very pleasing”

From Middle English swete, from Old English swēte (“sweet”), from Proto-West Germanic *swōtī, from Proto-Germanic *swōtuz (“sweet”), from Proto-Indo-European *swéh₂dus (“sweet”).
Cognate and synonymous with Scots sweit (“sweet”), North Frisian sweete (“sweet”), Saterland Frisian swäit (“sweet”), West Frisian swiet (“sweet”), Dutch zoet (“sweet”), German Low German sööt (“sweet”), German süß (“sweet”), Danish sød (“sweet”), Swedish söt (“sweet”), Norwegian søt (“sweet”), Icelandic sætur (“sweet”), Latin suāvis, Sanskrit स्वादु (svādú), Ancient Greek ἡδύς (hēdús). Doublet of suave.

money won is twice as sweet as money earned

sweet butter

a sweet scent

Though the breath of these flowers is sweet to me, / I will give them all back again.

1838 October, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “The Reaper and the Flowers”, in Voices of the Night, Cambridge, Mass.: […] John Owen, published 1839, →OCLC, page 8:


eyelid

From Middle English eyelidd, eye-led, eiȝelid, eghe-lydd, yȝe-lydd, ehlid, yhelidd, equivalent to eye + lid. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Oogenlid (“eyelid”), West Frisian eachlid (“eyelid”), Dutch ooglid (“eyelid”), German Low German Ooglidd (“eyelid”), German Augenlid (“eyelid”).
Generally superseded non-native Middle English palpebre (“eyelid”), borrowed from Latin palpebra (“eyelid”) (see Modern English palpebra).

By his neeſings a light doth ſhine, and his eyes are like the eye-liddes of the morning.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 41:18, column 2:

[…] the frightened or insane eyes of an animal, sometimes with eyelids closed in escapeful slumber.

2000, Joshua P. Warren, The Evil in Asheville, page 246:

Allergan, the company that turned an obscure muscle paralyzer for eyelid spasms, Botox, into a blockbuster wrinkle smoother, hopes to perform cosmetic alchemy yet again.

2009 January 14, Natasha Singer, “Love the Eyelashes. Who Is Your Doctor?”, in The New York Times:

A thin skin membrane that covers and moves over an eye.

ooglid

anatomy: a thin skin membrane that covers and moves over an eye


blow

blow (comparative blower or more blow, superlative blowest or most blow)

blower (comparative)
more blow (comparative)
blowest (superlative)
most blow (superlative)

From Middle English blo, bloo, from Old English blāw (“blue”), from Proto-Germanic *blēwaz (“blue, dark blue, grey, black”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlēw- (“yellow, blond, grey”). Cognate with Latin flavus (“yellow”). Doublet of blue.

der

(now chiefly puristic, dialectal, Northern England) Blue.


blond

en-adj

blond (comparative blonder or more blond, superlative blondest or most blond)

blonder (comparative)
more blond (comparative)
blondest (superlative)
most blond (superlative)

Borrowed from Middle French blond m, from Old French blond, blont, blund, (> Medieval Latin blondus), from Frankish *blund (“a mixed color between golden and light-brown”), from Proto-Germanic *blundaz (“mixed, blinding”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlendʰ- (“to become turbid, see badly, go blind”). Compare Old English blondenfeax (“grey-haired”), Old English blandan (“to mix”). More at blend.
Alternative etymology connects Frankish *blund to Proto-Germanic *blundaz (“blond”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰl̥ndʰ-, *bʰlendʰ- (“blond, red-haired”). If so, then it would be cognate with Sanskrit ब्रध्न (bradhná, “ruddy, pale red, yellowish”).

cog

“She was so blond, that where it said 'sign here,' she wrote Gemini.” He had given her only the weakest of smiles.

2010, Mariah Stewart, Moon Dance, Simon & Schuster, →ISBN:

Katelyn's laugh was nearly uncontrollable. “You are so blond sometimes,” she said with a long laughing sigh, but then calmed herself down.

2002, Michael Jay, The Altherian Code, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 118:

Alternative spelling of blonde (“stupid”)


blonde

Alternative form of blond (person of fair hair). (Used especially of a woman. See the usage notes in the entry blond.)

blond

blonde:

Alternative form of blond (pale golden brown color).

Coordinate term: redhead

Most [camera crews] carry two blondes and three redheads or their equivalents. Blondes are 2000 watt lamps traditionally with yellow heads (or shells) used to light fairly large areas — also referred to as 2Ks — and redheads smaller 800 watt lamps traditionally with red shells to light faces.

2012, Colin Hart, Television Program Making, page 63:

(film, television, theater) A kind of 2,000-watt lamp.


blonde

en-verb

blonde (third-person singular simple present blondes, present participle blonding, simple past and past participle blonded)

blondes (present singular third-person)
blonding (participle present)
blonded (participle past)
blonded (past)

Most women who blonde their hair today have been doing it for several years.

1964, LIFE, volume 56, number 10, page 25:

(especially of a woman) Alternative form of blond


flaxen

From Middle English flaxen, flexon, flexin, from Old English fleaxen (“of flax; flaxen”), equivalent to flax + -en (“made of”). Compare Dutch vlassen.

flaxen:

The couple and their children have flaxen hair.

(of hair) A pale yellow brown as of dried flax; blonde.


flesh

en-noun

flesh (usually uncountable, plural fleshes)

From Middle English flesh, flesch, flæsch, from Old English flǣsċ, from Proto-West Germanic *flaiski, from Proto-Germanic *flaiski, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁ḱ- (“to tear, peel off”).

der

For all flesh is as grasse, and all the glory of man as the flowre of grasse: the grasse withereth, and the flowre thereof falleth away.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Peter 1:24:

For the flesh lusteth against the Spirit, and the spirit against the flesh: and these are contrary the one to the other: so that yee cannot doe the things that yee would.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Galatians 5:17:

1929 January, Bassett Morgan (Grace Jones), Bimini, first published in Weird Tales, reprinted 1949, in Avon Fantasy Reader, Issue 10,
But death had no gift for me, no power to free me from flesh.

(religion) The mortal body of a human being, contrasted with the spirit or soul.

She opened [...] a third that was the peachy white that crayon companies used to call “flesh”.

2018, Tayari Jones, An American Marriage, Oneworld Publications, page 243:

flesh:

A yellowish pink color; the color of some Caucasian human skin.


wine

en-noun

wine (countable and uncountable, plural wines)

Tok Pisin: wain
→ Rotokas: uain

→ Burmese: ဝိုင် (wuing)

→ Central Melanau: wain

→ Chuukese: wain

→ Ewe: wein

→ Hawaiian: waina

→ Japanese: ワイン (wain)

→ Kannada: ವೈನ್ (vain)

→ Korean: 와인 (wain)

→ Malay: wain

→ Maori: wāina

→ Navajo: wáán

→ Tamil: வைன் (vaiṉ)

→ Thai: ไวน์ (waai)

From Middle English wyn, win, from Old English wīn, from Proto-West Germanic *wīn, from Proto-Germanic *wīną, either directly or via Latin vīnum (from Proto-Italic *wīnom) from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom (“wine”). Doublet of vine and vino.

خَمْر

alcoholic beverage made from other fruits, vegetables or plants

And David's Lips are lock't; but in divine
High piping Péhlevi, with "Wine! Wine! Wine!
Red Wine!" — the Nightingale cries to the Rose
That yellow Cheek of her's to'incarnadine.

1859, Edward Fitzgerald, The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám: The Astronomer-Poet of Persia, page 2:

In Europe then [1925] we thought of wine as something as healthy and normal as food and also as a great giver of happiness and well being and delight. Drinking wine was not a snobbism nor a sign of sophistication nor a cult; it was as natural as eating and to me as necessary, and I would not have thought of eating a meal without drinking either wine or cider or beer.

1964, Ernest Hemingway, A Moveable Feast, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC, page 156:

Wine is usually stronger than beer.

"Wine improves with age but I improve with wine," she slurred as she slid gracefully beneath the table.

An alcoholic beverage made by fermenting grape juice, with an ABV ranging from 5.5–16%.

...dandelion wine, rice wine, plum wine...

An alcoholic beverage made by fermenting other substances, producing a similar ABV.

wine:

(uncountable) The color of red wine, a deep reddish purple.


wine

A variant of wind with simplification of the final consonant cluster; for the vowel quality, compare find, mind, rind.

Vor voices rawze upon tha wine

1850, James Orchard Halliwell, A Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words, Obsolete Phrases, Proverbs, and Ancient Customs, from the Fourteenth Century:

Aw how sholl I tell o’m—vor âll pirty maidens / When I pass’d ’em look’d back—ther smill rawze on tha wine.

1869, James Jennings, The Dialect of the West of England, particularly Somersetshire:


wine

en-verb

wine (third-person singular simple present wines, present participle wining, simple past and past participle wined)

wines (present singular third-person)
wining (participle present)
wined (participle past)
wined (past)

From Jamaican Creole [Term?], related to wind (verb).

Even when there are positive comments, as in the responses to “white boy wines to dancehall,” the origin of the white boy's ability to dance is attributed to skills derived from others: […].

2010, Andoni Alonso, Pedro Oiarzabal, editors, Diasporas in the New Media Age: Identity, Politics, and Community, University of Nevada Press, →ISBN:

(dance, intransitive) To perform a Jamaican dance, such as the Dutty Wine.


invisibly

en-adv

invisibly (comparative more invisibly, superlative most invisibly)

more invisibly (comparative)
most invisibly (superlative)

These beings have some very extraordinary and useful properties; they can, for instance, go about invisibly, or turn themselves into any shape; they can foresee future events; they can confer prosperity, or the contrary, on a family[.]

1850, Thomas Keightley, The Fairy Mythology, London: H.G. Bohn, page 96:

In a way that can not be seen; in an invisible manner.


stink

From Middle English stinken, from Old English stincan, from Proto-Germanic *stinkwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *stengʷ-, *stegʷ- (“to push, thrust, strike”). Cognate with West Frisian stjonke (“to stink”), Dutch stinken (“to stink”), German stinken (“to stink”), Danish stinke (“to stink”), Swedish stinka (“to stink”), Icelandic stökkva (“to spring, leap, jump”).


bitter

en-adj

bitter (comparative more bitter or bitterer, superlative most bitter or bitterest)

more bitter (comparative)
bitterer (comparative)
most bitter (superlative)
bitterest (superlative)

Sranan Tongo: bita

From Middle English bitter, bittre, from Old English bitter, biter (“bitter”), from Proto-West Germanic *bitr, from Proto-Germanic *bitraz (“bitter”), equivalent to bite + -er (agent noun suffix) used attributively. Cognate with Saterland Frisian bitter, West Frisian bitter, Low German bitter, Dutch bitter, German bitter, Swedish bitter, Icelandic bitur (all meaning “bitter”).

The coffee tasted bitter.

Long after his cigar burnt bitter, he sat with eyes fixed on the blaze. When the flames at last began to flicker and subside, his lids fluttered, then drooped; but he had lost all reckoning of time when he opened them again to find Miss Erroll in furs and ball-gown kneeling on the hearth[…].

1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter III, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:

A few types of molecules get sensed by receptors on the tongue. Protons coming off of acids ping receptors for "sour." Sugars get received as "sweet." Bitter, salty, and the proteinaceous flavor umami all set off their own neural cascades.

2018 May 16, Adam Rogers, “The Fundamental Nihilism of Yanny vs. Laurel”, in Wired:

Having an acrid taste (usually from a basic substance).


camel

→ Coeur d'Alene: keemel

→ Eastern Arrernte: kamule

→ Tsonga: kamela

From Middle English camel, through Old English camel and Old Northern French camel (Old French chamel, modern French chameau), from Latin camēlus, from Ancient Greek κάμηλος (kámēlos), from a Semitic source, ultimately from Proto-Semitic *gamal-; compare Arabic جَمَل (jamal), Hebrew גמל (gamál), Aramaic ܓܡܠܐ (gamlā), Coptic ϭⲁⲙⲟⲩⲗ (camoul). As a marine device, from Dutch. As an ethnic slur, short for camelfucker, camel jockey, etc.

a camel is a horse designed by a committee

it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God

Returne our Mules and emptie Camels backe,
That we may trauell into Siria, […]

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:

Achilles! a drayman, a porter, a very camel.

c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:

As sometimes happens in countries of small civilisation, a leader arose from among the Arabs. None knew from where he sprang, and it was said that he had been a camel driver.

1907, W. Somerset Maugham, chapter IV, in The Explorer:

oont

India (Anglo-Indian), Australia, colloquial

A beast of burden, much used in desert areas, of the genus Camelus.

camel:

A light brownish color, like that of a camel (also called camel brown).

(ethnic slur) A person of Middle Eastern origin.


camel

→ Spanish: cámel

[…] try to select accessories that are in the same color family as your coat," says millinery designer Patricia Underwood. To pick up the weave of a brown tweed jacket, for instance, choose a camel hat and black gloves.

Of a light brown color like that of a camel.


beaver

en-noun

beaver (countable and uncountable, plural beavers)

The beards were false ones. I could see the elastic going over their ears. In other words, I had fallen among a band of criminals who were not wilful beavers, but had merely assumed the fungus for purposes of disguise.

(countable) A beard or a bearded person.

Referring to a beard.
A beard or a bearded person.

(uncountable, historical) A game, in which points are scored by spotting beards.


ermine

ermine (countable and uncountable, plural ermines or ermine)

From Middle English ermine, ermin, ermyn, from Old French ermin, ermine, hermine.
There are two main theories for the origin of Old French ermine. Germanic origin is suggested via Old Dutch *harmino (“stoat skin”), from *harmo (“stoat, weasel”) (compare Dutch hermelijn and dialectal herm), from Proto-Germanic *harmǭ, *harmô (compare Old English hearma, Old High German harmo (harmin (adjective), obsolete German Harm), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱormō (compare Romansch carmun, obsolete Lithuanian šarmuõ). Romance sources identify the animal with the corresponding word for Armenian, possibly from Medieval Latin mūs Armenius (“Armenian mouse”) or a posterior compound.

der

(heraldry) The fur of this animal, used as a heraldic tincture: a white field with a repeating pattern of stylized black spots.

hermelín

(heraldry) a white field with black spots


ermine

(heraldry) In blazon, of the colour ermine (white with black spots).

hermelínový

of white colour with black spots on a coat of arms


goggles

Probably from goggle, from the appearance it gives the wearer.


narrow

en-adj

narrow (comparative narrower, superlative narrowest)

narrower (comparative)
narrowest (superlative)

From Middle English narow, narowe, narewe, narwe, naru, from Old English nearu (“narrow, strait, confined, constricted, not spacious, limited, petty; limited, poor, restricted; oppressive, causing anxiety (of that which restricts free action of body or mind), causing or accompanied by difficulty, hardship, oppressive; oppressed, not having free action; strict, severe”), from Proto-West Germanic *naru, from Proto-Germanic *narwaz (“constricted, narrow”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ner- (“to turn, bend, twist, constrict”).
Cognate with Scots naro, narow, narrow (“narrow”), North Frisian naar, noar, noor (“narrow”), Saterland Frisian noar (“bleak, dismal, meager, ghastly, unwell”), Saterland Frisian Naarwe (“scar”), West Frisian near (“narrow”), Dutch naar (“dismal, bleak, ill, sick”), Low German naar (“dismal, ghastly”), German Nehrung (“spit, narrow peninsula”), Norwegian norve (“a clip, staple”), Icelandic narrow- (“njörva-”, in compounds).

cog

(phonetics) Formed (as a vowel) by a close position of some part of the tongue in relation to the palate; or (according to Bell) by a tense condition of the pharynx; distinguished from wide.

suppea

phonetics: formed (as a vowel) by a close position of some part of the tongue in relation to the palate


brass

en-noun

brass (usually uncountable, plural brasses)

From Middle English bras, bres, from Old English bræs (“brass, bronze”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps representing a backformation from Proto-Germanic *brasnaz (“brazen”), from or related to *brasō (“fire, pyre”). Compare Old Norse and Icelandic bras (“solder”), Icelandic brasa (“to harden in the fire”), Swedish brasa (“a small controlled fire”), Danish brase (“to fry”); French braser ("to solder"; > English braise) from the same Germanic root. Compare also Middle Dutch braspenninc ("a silver coin", literally, "silver-penny"; > Dutch braspenning), Old Frisian bress (“copper”), Middle Low German bras (“metal, ore”).
In the military sense an ellipsis of the brass hats.

unc

uncertain

gloss

"to solder"; > English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">braise</i>

"a silver coin", literally, "silver-penny"; > Dutch <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">braspenning</i>

духов

related to brass instruments (attributive use)

cold enough to freeze the balls off a brass monkey

A few measures later, the brass comes in strong!

(music) A class of wind instruments, usually made of metal (such as brass), that use vibrations of the player's lips to produce sound; the section of an orchestra that features such instruments.


brass

By ellipsis from brass nail, in turn from "nail[ing]" (fig.) and "brass blonde" (see "brazen"); and also shortened from Cockney Rhyming slang brass flute for "prostitute".


liver

From Middle English lyvere, lyver, from Old English lifer (“liver”), from Proto-West Germanic *libru, from Proto-Germanic *librō, from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to smear, smudge, stick”), from Proto-Indo-European *ley- (“to be slimy, be sticky, glide”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Líeuwer, Lieuwer (“liver”), West Frisian lever (“liver”), Dutch lever (“liver”), German Leber (“liver”), Danish, Norwegian and Swedish lever (“liver”) (the last three from Old Norse lifr (“liver”)). Related to live.

der

His friend Rothwell, who had the use of the best Laveracks for breeding purposes, wrote him that one of his puppies was liver and white.

2006, Rawdon Briggs Lee, A History and Description of the Modern Dogs of Great Britain & Ireland, →ISBN, page 298:

Of the colour of liver (dark brown, tinted with red and gray).


smooth

en-adj

smooth (comparative smoother, superlative smoothest)

smoother (comparative)
smoothest (superlative)

From Middle English smothe, smethe, from Old English smēþe, smōþ, both from Proto-West Germanic *smanþī, of unknown origin. Cognate with Scots smuith (“smooth”), Low German smood and smödig (“smooth, malleable, ductile”), Dutch smeuïg (“smooth”) (from earlier smeudig).

a smooth sea never made a skilled sailor

the course of true love never did run smooth

This smooth discourse and mild behavior oft / Conceal a traitor.

1712 (date written), [Joseph] Addison, Cato, a Tragedy. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], published 1713, →OCLC, (please specify the page):

This feeling, grounded on the experience of centuries of oppression, was not to be allayed by smooth explanations on the part of the advocates of the Constitution.

1912, Gustavus Myers, History of the Supreme Court of the United States, page 133:


rough

From Middle English rough, roughe, roȝe, row, rou, ru, ruȝ, ruh, from Old English rūg, rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhaz.
Cognate with Scots ruch, rouch (“rough”), Saterland Frisian ruuch, rouch (“rough”), West Frisian rûch (“rough”), Low German ruuch (“rough”), Dutch ruig (“rough”), German rau(h) (“rough”), Danish ru (“uneven on the surface, "rough", "rugged"”).

cog

In Wellington Street my brother met a couple of sturdy roughs, who had just rushed out of Fleet Street with still wet newspapers and staring placards. "Dreadful catastrophe!" they bawled one to the other down Wellington Street. "Fighting at Weybridge!"

1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 124:


sand

en-noun

sand (usually uncountable, plural sands)

From Middle English sand, from Old English sand, from Proto-West Germanic *samd, from Proto-Germanic *samdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *sámh₂dʰos, from *sem- (“to pour”).
See also West Frisian sân, Dutch zand, German Sand, Danish, Swedish and Norwegian sand, Latin sabulum, Ancient Greek ἄμαθος (ámathos), English dialectal samel (“sand bottom”), Old Irish do·essim (“to pour out”), Latin sentina (“bilge water”), Lithuanian sémti (“to scoop”), Ancient Greek ἀμάω (amáō, “to gather”), ἄμη (ámē, “water bucket”).

enough sense to pound sand into a rathole

sand:

A light beige colour, like that of typical sand.


sand

Of a light beige colour, like that of typical sand.


stone

stone (countable and uncountable, plural stones or (UK colloquial, as unit of weight) stone)

stones (plural)
stone (UK colloquial plural)

Sranan Tongo: ston

→ Esperanto: ŝtono

From Middle English ston, stone, stan, from Old English stān, from Proto-West Germanic *stain, from Proto-Germanic *stainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *steyh₂- (“to stiffen”).
See also West Frisian stien, Saterland Frisian Steen, Dutch steen, German Stein, Danish and Swedish sten, Norwegian stein; also Russian стена́ (stená, “wall”), Ancient Greek στία (stía, “pebble”), στέαρ (stéar, “tallow”), Albanian shtëng (“hardened or pressed matter”), Sanskrit स्त्यायते (styāyate, “it hardens”)). Doublet of stein.

cog

stone:

A dull light grey or beige, like that of some stones.


stone

Of a dull light grey or beige, like that of some stones.


smoke

en-noun

smoke (countable and uncountable, plural smokes)

From Middle English smoke, from Old English smoca (“smoke”), probably a derivative of the verb (see below). Related to Dutch smook (“smoke”), Middle Low German smôk (“smoke”), dialectal German Schmauch (“smoke”).

If those were the days, however, when steam was triumphant, they were also the days of smoke. Nowhere was this so apparent as at "Kings Cross (Suburban)" where, one after another, the Great Northern tank engines thumped their way up the incline and emerged from the tunnel, in clouds of steam and smoke, to pound their way up the last few hundred feet of gradient alongside the platform.

1952 October, C. A. Johns, “One Hundred Years at Kings Cross—1”, in Railway Magazine, page 657:

Since the mid-1980s, when Indonesia first began to clear its bountiful forests on an industrial scale in favour of lucrative palm-oil plantations, “haze” has become an almost annual occurrence in South-East Asia. The cheapest way to clear logged woodland is to burn it, producing an acrid cloud of foul white smoke that, carried by the wind, can cover hundreds, or even thousands, of square miles.

2013 June 29, “Unspontaneous combustion”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 29:

(uncountable) The visible vapor/vapour, gases, and fine particles given off by burning or smoldering material.

anta intai

visible particles and vapour given off by burning material


smoke

en-verb

smoke (third-person singular simple present smokes, present participle smoking, simple past smoked, past participle smoked or (rare, nonstandard) smoken)

smokes (present singular third-person)
smoking (participle present)
smoked (past)
smoked (participle past)
smoken (nonstandard participle past rare)

Dutch: smoken

Sranan Tongo: smoko

From Middle English smoken, from Old English smocian (“to smoke, emit smoke; fumigate”), from Proto-West Germanic *smokōn, from Proto-Germanic *smukōną (“to smoke”), ablaut derivative of Proto-Germanic *smaukaną (“to smoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mewg- (“to smoke”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian smookje (“to smoke”), West Frisian smoke (“to smoke”), Dutch smoken (“to smoke”), Low German smöken (“to smoke”), German Low German smoken (“to smoke”). Related also to Old English smēocan (“to smoke, emit smoke; fumigate”), Bavarian schmuckelen (“to smell bad, reek”).

cog

He was first smoked by the old Lord Lafeu.

c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene vi]:

I alone / Smok'd his true person, talk'd with him.

1614–1615, Homer, “(please specify the book number)”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., Homer’s Odysses. […], London: […] Rich[ard] Field [and William Jaggard], for Nathaniell Butter, published 1615, →OCLC; republished in The Odysseys of Homer, […], volume (please specify the book number), London: John Russell Smith, […], 1857, →OCLC:

Upon that […] I began to smoke that they were a parcel of mummers.

1715 June 1 (Gregorian calendar), Joseph Addison, “The Free-holder: No. 44. Saturday, May 21. [1715.]”, in The Works of the Right Honourable Joseph Addison, Esq; […], volume IV, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], published 1721, →OCLC:

The squire gave him a good curse at his departure; and then turning to the parson, he cried out, "I smoke it: I smoke it. Tom is certainly the father of this bastard. […]

1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:

(obsolete, transitive) To smell out; to hunt out; to find out; to detect.


flame

en-noun

flame (countable and uncountable, plural flames)

From Middle English flawme, blend of Old French flame and flambe, flamble, the first from Latin flamma, the second from Latin flammula, diminutive of flamma, both from pre-Latin *fladma; Proto-Italic *flagmā, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to shimmer, gleam, shine”). Displaced native Old English līeġ.

der

[M]arked by myriad clouds of every sunset-colour - flame, purple, pink, green, violet, and all the tints of gold.

1897, Bram Stoker, Dracula, published 1993, page 73:

A brilliant reddish orange-gold fiery colour.
flame:

The cello has a two-piece back with a beautiful narrow flame.

(music, chiefly lutherie) The contrasting light and dark figure seen in wood used for stringed instrument making; the curl.


flame

Of a brilliant reddish orange-gold colour, like that of a flame.


flame

en-verb

flame (third-person singular simple present flames, present participle flaming, simple past and past participle flamed)

flames (present singular third-person)
flaming (participle present)
flamed (participle past)
flamed (past)

From Middle English flawmen, from Old French flamber, flammer.

The main blaze of it is past, but a small thing would make it flame again.

c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:

To produce flames; to burn with a flame or blaze.


ash

en-noun

ash (countable and uncountable, plural ashes)

From Middle English asshe, from Old English æsċ, from Proto-Germanic *askaz, *askiz (compare West Frisian esk, Dutch es, German Esche, Danish/Norwegian/Swedish ask), from Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃s- (compare Welsh onnen, Latin ornus (“wild mountain ash”), Lithuanian úosis, Russian я́сень (jásenʹ), Albanian ah (“beech”), Ancient Greek ὀξύα (oxúa, “beech”), Old Armenian հացի (hacʻi)).

Alternative forms: æsc, æsh

The traditional name for the ae ligature (æ), as used in Old English.


snow

snow (countable and uncountable, plural snows)

The noun is derived from Middle English snaw, snou, snow (“snow; accumulation of snow; snowfall; snowstorm; whiteness”), from Old English snāw (“snow”), from Proto-West Germanic *snaiw (“snow”), from Proto-Germanic *snaiwaz (“snow”), from Proto-Indo-European *snóygʷʰos (“snow”), from *sneygʷʰ- (“to snow”).
The verb is derived from Middle English snouen (“to snow; (figurative) to shower”), from snou, snow (noun) (see above) + -en (suffix forming the infinitive of verbs). Displaced Old English snīwan, whence English snew (obsolete).
Verb sense 2.3.2 (“to convince or hoodwink (someone)”) probably refers to a person being blinded or confused by a snowstorm.
Cognates
* Albanian nehë (“place where the snow melts”) (dialectal)
* Ancient Greek νίφα (nípha)
* Danish sne (“snow”)
* Dutch sneeuw (“snow”)
* German Schnee (“snow”)
* Icelandic snjór (“snow”)
* Latin nix (“snow”)
* Norwegian snø (“snow”)
* Russian снег (sneg)
* Sanskrit स्नेह (snéha, “oil, grease”)
* Scots snaw (“snow”)
* Swedish snö (“snow”)
* West Frisian snie (“snow”)

сы

partly frozen, crystalline state of water that falls from the atmosphere as precipitation in flakes; falling of such flakes; accumulation of them as a white layer

there may be snow on the mountaintop but there's fire in the valley

there may be snow on the rooftop but there is fire in the furnace

Something resembling snow (sense 1) in appearance or colour.

(figurative, slang, dated) White linen which has been washed.


artichoke

→ Bengali: হাতিচোক (haticōk)

→ Cantonese: 雅枝竹 (ngaa⁵ zi¹ zuk¹)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आटिचोक (āṭicok)

Urdu: اٹچوک (āṭicok)

→ Indonesian: articok

→ Korean: 아티초크 (atichokeu)

desc

→ Japanese: アーティチョーク

→ Japanese: アーティチョーク

→ South Levantine Arabic: أرضي شوكي

→ Thai: อาติโช๊ค (aa-tí-chóok)

/ˈɑɹ.tɪˌtʃoʊk/

/ˈɑː.tɪˌtʃəʊk/

From Lombard articioch (cf. articiocco), from Occitan artichaut, from Old Spanish alcarchofa, from Andalusian Arabic الْخَرْشُوف (al-ḵaršūf), from Arabic الْخُرْشُوف (al-ḵuršūf), definite form of خُرْشُوف (ḵuršūf).

der

Arabic الْخُرْشُوف (al-ḵuršūf)

Cynara cardunculus

the currently accepted taxonomic name, which also includes cardoons

A plant related to the thistle with enlarged flower heads eaten as a vegetable while immature, Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus.

أَرْضِي شَوْكِي

ʔarḍī šawkī, ʔarḍī šōkī

artichoke:

A dull green colour, like that of an artichoke.


mandarin

→ Irish: mandairín

From Portuguese mandarim, mandarij, from Malay menteri, manteri, and its source, Sanskrit मन्त्रिन् (mantrin, “minister, councillor”), from मन्त्र (mantra, “counsel, maxim, mantra”) + -इन् (-in, an agent suffix). In Chinese folk etymology, the word originates from Mandarin 滿大人 /满大人 (Mǎndàrén, literally “Manchu important man”).

com

LIKE THE MANDARINS of old, the rulers of China live behind high walls. When they emerge, which they rarely do, they travel in cars with rear windows curtained like sedan chairs.
They live in the Chung Nan Hai, a walled park adjacent to the Forbidden City from where ancient dynasties ruled the Celestial Empire.

1991, Chris Mullin, The Year of the Fire Monkey (Fiction), London: Chatto & Windus, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 252:

(historical) A high government bureaucrat of the Chinese Empire.

Its sting preserved to literature a fierce peculiar genius [Waugh] who, in the 40 years before his death last week at 62, achieved recognition as the grand old mandarin of modern British prose and as a satirist whose skill at sticking pens in people rates him a roomy cell in the murderers’ row (Swift, Pope, Wilde, Shaw) of English letters.

1966 April 22, “The Beauty of His Malice”, in Time, archived from the original on 2012-11-06:

When mandarins on the court pointed to obscure language in the Constitution to overturn a century of precedent and declare the income tax unconstitutional, Harlan sided with precedent[.]

2021 June 23, Peter S. Canellos, “Why The ‘Trump Court’ Won’t Be Like Trump”, in Politico:

When institutional mandarins such as this eminent pair set out to undermine the traditional basis for remunerating the products of the mind, you might expect a lowly scribe (such as your reviewer) to take umbrage.

2024 January 13, Boyd Tonkin, “The culture of copyright creep”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 9:

(sometimes derogatory) A pedantic senior person of influence in academia or literary circles.

(informal, British) A senior civil servant.


mandarin

From French mandarine, feminine of mandarin, probably formed as Etymology 1, above, from the yellow colour of the mandarins' costume.

Ellipsis of mandarin orange.:
A small, sweet citrus fruit.

Citrus reticulata
Citrus reticulata#Translingual

A tree of the species Citrus reticulata.

mandarin:


coffee

en-noun

coffee (countable and uncountable, plural coffees)

coffee [from 1598] (canonical)
coffees (plural)

Tok Pisin: kopi

desc

→ Mon: ကဝ်ဖှဳ

→ Mon: ကဝ်ဖှဳ

→ Gujarati: કૉફી (kŏphī)

→ Hausa: kṑfī

desctree

→ Hindi: कॉफ़ी (kŏfī), काफ़ी (kāfī), कोफ़ी (kofī), कॉफी (kŏphī), काफी (kāphī), कोफी (kophī)
→ Sanskrit: काफी (kāphī)

→ Korean: 커피 (keopi)

→ Maia: kopi

→ Marathi: काफी (kāphī)

→ Marshallese: ko̧pe

→ Navajo: gohwééh

→ Scottish Gaelic: cofaidh

→ Welsh: coffi

Conservative, Received Pronunciation, dated

Etymology tree
Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa)bor.
Ottoman Turkish قهوهbor.
Italian caffèbor.
Dutch koffiebor.
English coffee
Borrowed from Dutch koffie, from Italian caffè, from Ottoman Turkish قهوه (kahve), from Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa). Doublet of café and caffè and cognate with the words for "coffee" in other major European languages, most of which are derived from the Turkish and Italian words.

etymon

that and a dollar will get you a cup of coffee

that and a nickel will buy you a cup of coffee

that and twenty-five cents will get you a cup of coffee

coffee:

A pale brown color, like that of milk coffee.


coffee

Of a pale brown colour, like that of milk coffee.


peach

en-noun

peach (countable and uncountable, plural peaches)

i

from the plural <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">peaches</i>

→ Abenaki: biches (from the plural peaches)

→? Arapaho: biisib

→ Bengali: পীচ (pic) (probably)

→ Haida: píichas

→ Malay: pic (probably)

→? Maori: pītiti

→ Swahili: pichi (probably)

→ Thai: พีช (píit)

From Middle English peche, borrowed from Old French pesche (French pêche), Vulgar Latin *pessica (cf. Medieval Latin pesca) from Late Latin persica, from Classical Latin mālum persicum, from Ancient Greek μᾶλον περσικόν (mâlon persikón, “Persian apple”). Displaced Middle English persogʒe, from Old English persoc, from the same Latin root above.

der

μᾶλον περσικόν

To dye one chip bonnet peach colour, put four ounces of cudbear in one gallon of water, make it boil, and put one ounce of soda in the liquor.

1854, Thomas Love, The Art of Cleaning, Dyeing, Scouring and Finishing, etc, page 242:

If the dye is for a light color such as peach, more dry dye could be used.

1990, Lila Fretz, Hooking Rugs: Storey’s Country Wisdom Bulletin, page 27:

Circle Quilt throw in peach and green

2013, Kim Eichler-Messmer, Modern Color—An Illustrated Guide to Dyeing Fabric for Modern Quilts, page 61:

peach:

(uncountable) A light yellow-red colour.


cardinal

en-noun

cardinal (countable and uncountable, plural cardinals)

From Middle French cardinal, from Latin cardinālis (“pertaining to a hinge, hence applied to that on which something turns or depends, important, principal, chief”), from cardin-, cardō (“hinge”) + -ālis, adjectival suffix.

der

His uncle, a Cardinal, engages a Spanish youth of Moorish descent called Diego, an expert singer and player on the virginal, to unlock the secrets of the heart,[…]and cure him by the spell of his music.

1932, Maurice Baring, chapter 16, in Friday's Business:

Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic Church

(Roman Catholicism) One of the officials appointed by the pope in the Roman Catholic Church, ranking only below the pope and the patriarchs, constituting the special college which elects the pope.


sense

en-noun

sense (countable and uncountable, plural senses)

→ Afrikaans: sense

From Middle English sense, from Old French sens, sen, san (“sense, perception, direction”); partly from Latin sēnsus (“sensation, feeling, meaning”), from sentiō (“feel, perceive”); partly of Germanic origin (whence also Occitan sen, Italian senno), from Vulgar Latin *sennus (“sense, reason, way”), from Frankish *sinn ("reason, judgement, mental faculty, way, direction"; whence also Dutch zin, German Sinn, Swedish sinne, Norwegian sinn). Both Latin and Germanic from Proto-Indo-European *sent- (“to feel”).

gl

where there's no sense there's no feeling

a sense of security

this Basilius, having the quick sense of a lover

a. 1587, Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “(please specify the folio)”, in [Fulke Greville; Matthew Gwinne; John Florio], editors, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, published 1590, →OCLC:

high disdain from sense of injured merit

1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

The days have vanish’d, tone and tint,
And yet perhaps the hoarding sense
Gives out at times (he knows not whence)
A little flash, a mystic hint; […]

1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XLIII, page 66:

Where a college administration does not come forward and say that gay people have a right to be here, there is a sense among students that it is acceptable to harass and intimidate lesbian and gay members of that community.

1990 December 16, Laura Briggs, quoting Robert Weinerman, “Gay Students Fight 'Little War' At Mass. School”, in Gay Community News, volume 18, number 22, page 15:

Perception through the intellect; apprehension; awareness.


natural

en-adj

natural (comparative more natural, superlative most natural)

more natural (comparative)
most natural (superlative)

/ˈnæt͡ʃ(ə)ɹəl/

From Middle English natural, borrowed from Old French natural, naturel, from Latin nātūrālis, from nātus, the perfect participle of nāscor (“be born”, verb). Displaced native Old English ġecynde. By surface analysis, nature + -al.

luonnollinen

that exists and evolved within the confines of an ecosystem

luonnollinen

having the character or sentiments properly belonging to one's position

Mr. Campion appeared suitably impressed and she warmed to him. He was very easy to talk to with those long clown lines in his pale face, a natural goon, born rather too early she suspected.

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 5, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

Having an innate ability to fill a given role or profession, or display a specified character.

(bodybuilding) Not having used anabolic steroids or other performance-enhancing drugs.

luonnollinen

bodybuilding: not having used performance-enhancers


natural

/ˈnæt͡ʃ(ə)ɹəl/

He's a natural on the saxophone.

One with an innate talent at or for something.

natural:

An almost white colour, with tints of grey, yellow or brown; originally that of natural fabric.

Chinosole, who stopped straightening her hair and cut it into a natural while at a predominantly white college, was quite uneasy with the style

2002, Maxine Leeds Craig, Ain't I a Beauty Queen?: Black Women, Beauty, and the Politics of Race, Oxford University Press, →ISBN:

I wanted to do it for so long — throw out my chemically relaxed hair for a natural.

2012, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Chicken Soup for the African American Soul: Celebrating and Sharing Our Culture One Story at a Time, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN:

Third, it insinuates that black afro hairstyles (e.g., naturals) relate to African cultural heritage, which is largely untrue.

2015, Carmen M. Cusack, HAIR AND JUSTICE: Sociolegal Significance of Hair in Criminal Justice, Constitutional Law, and Public Policy, Charles C Thomas Publisher, →ISBN, page 155:

(US, colloquial) A hairstyle for people with Afro-textured hair in which the hair is not straightened or otherwise treated.

big naturals

> Nina Hartley ¶ 2, unattractive, square "steriod^([sic]) jaw", nice ass, FAKE breasts or small naturals, great sexual presence […] > Marilyn Monroe ¶ 7, decent body, medium NATURALS, stereotypical "godess^([sic])/playboy" blond/blue doesn't usually work for me, good sexual presence

1999 March 2, Mathew Alphonse Coppola, “Please rate these women...”, in rec.arts.movies.erotica (Usenet):

She's [Eva/Mercedes] a brunette European with a curvy natural body with nice tits. For that matter, there are lots of women in Rocco [Siffredi]'s vids with nice naturals.

2002 August 19, Jon Eric, “Great Tit Debate.......”, in rec.arts.movies.erotica (Usenet):

It isn't the big naturals on a little torso that do it for me, since that is not my thing.

2010 March 2, Miles Williams Mathis, “The Sexiest Women of the Screen: A Thinking Man's List”, in mileswmathis.com (personal website), archived from the original on 2010-09-23:

I’m really a good person with a good heart and I believe there is someone out there who will love me. Hopefully a Mexican hottie with big naturals.

2016 October 26, Stephen Falk, “The Seventh Layer”, in Wendey Stanzler, director, You're the Worst, season 3, episode 9 (television production), spoken by Vernon Barbara (Todd Robert Anderson), via FXX:

(chiefly in the plural, slang) A breast which has not been modified by plastic surgery.


mint

From Middle English mynt, münet (“money, coin”), from Old English mynet (“coin”), from late Proto-West Germanic *munit, from Latin monēta (“place for making coins, coined money”), from the temple of Juno Moneta (named for Monēta mother of the Muses), where coins were made. Doublet of money and manat. The verb is from the noun; Old English mynetian (“to mint”) is a parallel formation.

der

(UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, slang) Attractive; beautiful; handsome.


mint

en-noun

mint (countable and uncountable, plural mints)

From Middle English mynte, from Old English minte (“mint plant”), from Proto-West Germanic *mintā (“mint”), from Latin menta, probably from a lost Mediterranean language either through Ancient Greek μίνθη (mínthē), μίνθα (míntha) or directly. Akin to Old Norse minta (“mint”). Doublet of mentha.

Any plant in the genus Mentha in the family Lamiaceae, typically aromatic with square stems.


grue

Blue–green distinction in language
New riddle of induction

Blend of green + blue. The philosophy sense was coined by American philosopher Nelson Goodman in 1955 to illustrate concepts in the philosophy of science. The linguistic sense was coined by American linguist Paul Kay in 1975 as a translation from languages such as Welsh that have a basic cover term that covers both the hues called "green" and "blue" in English.

coinage

(linguistics) Of a single color inclusive of both green and blue as different shades, used in translations from languages such as Old Welsh and Old Chinese that lacked a distinction between green and blue.

𑚝𑚯𑚥𑚭

linguistics: green or blue in languages that do not distinguish the two colors


salty

en-adj

salty (comparative saltier, superlative saltiest)

saltier (comparative)
saltiest (superlative)

PIE word
 *séh₂ls
From Middle English salti, equivalent to salt + -y.
Compare Saterland Frisian soaltig (“salty”), West Frisian sâltich (“salty”), Dutch zoutig (“salty”), German Low German soltig (“salty”), German salzig (“salty”).
(coarse; irritated, annoyed): Referencing the sharp, 'spicy' flavor of salt.
(indignant): Perhaps implying the person is a crybaby, shedding salty tears, or derived from the preceding.

There's a sailor's tavern at the end of the street where I could find companionship if I chose (one catches salty boys going in and out at any hour) but only music matters to me now.

2004, David Mitchell, Cloud Atlas, London: Hodder and Stoughton, →ISBN:

Plus bits of business involving a salty Russian seafarer and overflying warplanes.

2015 March 12, Bill Mann, “The film that makes me cry: Local Hero”, in The Guardian:

(figuratively) Experienced, especially used to indicate a veteran of the naval services; salty dog (from salt of the sea).


sulfur

en-noun

sulfur (usually uncountable, plural sulfurs)

From Middle English sulphur, borrowed from Anglo-Norman sulfre, from Latin sulfur, from sulpur itself of uncertain origin. Displaced Old English swefl and largely displaced brimstone.

sulphur

UK and Commonwealth; no longer standard in scientific usage

ultra-low sulfur diesel, ultra-low sulphur diesel

(uncountable) A chemical element (symbol S) with an atomic number of 16.

sulfur:

(countable, uncountable) A yellowish green colour, like that of sulfur.

Coordinate term: yellow

Any of various pierid butterflies of the subfamily Coliadinae, especially the sulfur-coloured species.


sulfur

en-adj

sulfur (comparative more sulfur, superlative most sulfur)

more sulfur (comparative)
most sulfur (superlative)

Of a yellowish green colour, like that of sulfur.


sulfur

en-verb

sulfur (third-person singular simple present sulfurs, present participle sulfuring, simple past and past participle sulfured)

sulfurs (present singular third-person)
sulfuring (participle present)
sulfured (participle past)
sulfured (past)

(transitive) To treat with sulfur, or a sulfur compound, especially to preserve or to counter agricultural pests.


platinum

en-noun

platinum (countable and uncountable, plural platinums)

From Spanish platina (“little silver”) del Pinto ("of the Pinto") + -um. It was called "little" (or "lesser") silver because the metal was found as an impurity in gold, and del Pinto for the Pinto River in Grand Columbia where Europeans discovered it being mined by Native Americans.

The chemical element with atomic number 78 and symbol Pt; a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, silverish-white transition metal of great value.


platinum

Of a musical recording that has sold over one million copies (for singles), or two million (for albums).


platinum

en-verb

platinum (third-person singular simple present platinums, present participle platinuming, simple past and past participle platinumed)

platinums (present singular third-person)
platinuming (participle present)
platinumed (participle past)
platinumed (past)

I platinumed in Clash of Clans yesterday.

(computer games) To attain all of the achievements in a game, on certain PlayStation consoles.


jet

en-adj

jet (comparative jetter or more jet, superlative jettest or most jet)

jetter (comparative)
more jet (comparative)
jettest (superlative)
most jet (superlative)

From Middle English get, geet, gete, from a northern form of Old French jayet, jaiet, gaiet, from Latin gagātēs, from Ancient Greek Γαγάτης (Gagátēs), from Γάγας (Gágas, “a town and river in Lycia”). Doublet of gagate.

All the direct blacks require working in strong baths to give anything like black shades; they all have, more or less, a bluish tone, which can be changed to a jetter shade by the addition of a yellow or green dye in small proportions, which has been done in one of the recipes given above.

1901, Franklin Beech, The Dyeing of Cotton Fabrics: A Practical Handbook for the Dyer and Student:

She was an ash blonde with greenish eyes, beaded lashes, hair waved smoothly back from ears in which large jet buttons glittered.

1939, Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep, Penguin, published 2011, page 23:


stinkbomb

That trash bin is one big stinkbomb.

A source of unpleasant odors, such as rotten eggs or garbage.


lava

en-noun

lava (countable and uncountable, plural lavas)

From Italian, from Neapolitan and Sicilian lava (“lava”, but also “downpour overflowing the streets”). Likely in the sense of “landslide, torrent” from Latin labes (“fall”), compare labina (“avalanche, landslide”). A supposed relation with lavare (“to wash”) is now widely discredited. Neither is there probably any relation with Arabic لابة (lāba, “black volcanic rock”).

noncog

lava:

A shade of red, named after the volcanic lava.


walnut

From Middle English walnote, walnutte, walnotte, from Old English wealhhnutu (“walnut”, literally “foreign nut”), from Proto-Germanic *walhaz (“foreigner”) + *hnuts (“nut”). Cognate with Dutch walnoot, German Walnuss, Swedish valnöt, Icelandic valhneta. Compare more recent term Welsh onion, which also uses Welsh to mean “foreign”.

inh

Having a dark brown colour, the colour of walnut wood.


almond

en-noun

almond (countable and uncountable, plural almonds)

From Middle English almond, almaund, from Old French almande, amande, from Vulgar Latin *amendla, *amandula, from Latin amygdala, from Ancient Greek ἀμυγδάλη (amugdálē), of uncertain origin. Influenced by amandus and by many European words of Arabic origin beginning with the Arabic definite article Arabic ال (al-). Compare Spanish almóndiga and Portuguese almôndega (“meatball”) from Andalusian Arabic البُنْدُقَة (“hazelnut”). Doublet of amygdala, amygdale, and mandorla.

doublet

Other plants that produce almond-like nuts:

bitter almond. of variety Prunus amygdalus var. amara, (syn. Prunus dulcis var. amara), that only produces bitter fruits

Prunus japonica, flowering almond, an ornamental shrub in family Rosaceae

Prunus andersonii, desert almond, a North American shrub in family Rosaceae

Prunus fasciculata, desert range almond or wild almond, North American shrub in family Rosaceae

Terminalia catappa, Indian almond or tropical almond, in family Combretaceae

Terminalia catappa
Terminalia catappa#Translingual

Brabejum stellatifolium or bitter almond, in family Proteaceae

almond:

(uncountable) The colour of the kernel of an almond without its shell and thin seed coat, a creamy off-white colour.


aqua

en-adj

aqua (comparative more aqua, superlative most aqua)

more aqua (comparative)
most aqua (superlative)

From Middle English aqua (“water”), borrowed from Latin aqua. Perhaps also a learned borrowing directly from Latin. Doublet of ea, Eau, eau, and yeo.


rust

en-noun

rust (countable and uncountable, plural rusts)

From Middle English rust, rost, roust, from Old English rust, rūst (“rust”), from Proto-West Germanic *rust, from Proto-Germanic *rustaz (“rust”), from Proto-Indo-European *rudʰso- (“red”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”).
Cognate with Scots roust (“rust”), Saterland Frisian rust (“rust”), West Frisian roast (“rust”), Dutch roest (“rust”), German Rost (“rust”), Danish rust (“rust”), Swedish rost (“rust”), Norwegian rust, ryst (“rust”), Finnish ruoste, Estonian rooste. Related to red.

ҡыҙғылт көрән

qıźğılt körən

front-runner-itis runs: rust: myrtle rust

The rust on my bicycle chain made cycling to work very dangerous.

The deteriorated state of iron or steel as a result of moisture and oxidation.

copper rust

A similar substance based on another metal.

rust:

(philately) Damage caused to stamps and album pages by a fungal infection.


rust

en-verb

rust (third-person singular simple present rusts, present participle rusting, simple past and past participle rusted)

rusts (present singular third-person)
rusting (participle present)
rusted (participle past)
rusted (past)

From Middle English rusten, from the noun (see above).

It's very common for black cats to rust during the summer.

(intransitive) Of a black cat or its fur, to turn rust-coloured following long periods of exposure to sunlight.


negro

Borrowed from Spanish and Portuguese negro (“black”), from Latin nigrum (“shiny black”), of uncertain origin, but possibly from Proto-Indo-European *negʷ- (“bare; night”). Doublet of noir.

der

The negroes believe that its presence has a sanitary effect upon their cattle […]

1867, Mayne Reid, Quadrupeds: what they are and where found, page 141:

What Peter said was true but she hated to hear it from a negro and a family negro, too. Not to stand high in the opinion of one's servants was a humiliating a thing as could happen to a Southerner.

1936 June 30, Margaret Mitchell, Gone with the Wind, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC; republished New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, 1944, →OCLC, part IV, page 675:

There were two negros who were guilty of thieving; he went and had them both shot, and gave notice that he would put all to death who kept disturbing the property of the white people, and kept confusion in their land.

2003, Benjamin Hawkins, Howard Thomas Foster, The Collected Works of Benjamin Hawkins, 1796–1810, page 259:

His parents had always said that the area he grew up in had been a nice place to live before 'those Negros invaded'.

(dated, now offensive) A person of Black African ancestry.


temple

From Middle English temple, from Old French temple, from Vulgar Latin *temp(u)la, from Latin tempora (“the temples”), plural of tempus (“temple, head, face”). See temporal bone.

(ophthalmology) Either of the sidepieces on a set of spectacles, extending backwards from the hinge toward the ears and, usually, turning down around them.


antique white

en-noun

antique white (countable and uncountable, plural antique whites)

antique white:


yellowish

From Middle English ȝelowisch; equivalent to yellow + -ish.


snowflake

From snow + flake. Compare Saterland Frisian Sneeflokke (“snowflake”), Dutch sneeuwvlok, Luxembourgish Schnéiflack, German Schneeflocke.

cog

Robertson and colleagues reported 10 patients in four families with lesions similar to those of stage I and stage II snowflake generation.

2007, Kenneth W. Wright, Peter H. Spiegel, Lisa Thompson, Handbook of Pediatric Retinal Disease, →ISBN, page 195:

The authors have recently analyzed a PMMA lens explanted because of snowflake degeneration in the dry and hydrated states.

2010, Roger F. Steinert, Cataract Surgery, →ISBN, page 525:

These defects may be more pronounced in the superior visual field, perhaps corresponding to the inferior predilection for the snowflake lesions.

2011, Elias I. Traboulsi, Genetic Diseases of the Eye, →ISBN, page 520:

(ophthalmology) A type of lesion that appears as scattered white-brown spots under high magnification light microscopy.


Byzantine

en-adj

Byzantine (comparative more Byzantine, superlative most Byzantine)

more Byzantine (comparative)
most Byzantine (superlative)

From Late Latin byzantinus, itself from Byzantium. The figurative senses evoke the reputation for palace intrigue of the Byzantium imperial court.

Eastern Roman Empire
Eastern Roman Empire

(history) Belonging to the civilization of the Eastern Roman Empire between 331, when its capital was moved to Constantinople, and 1453, when that capital was conquered by the Turks and ultimately renamed Istanbul.

بِيزَنْطِيّ

belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire


Byzantine

en-noun

Byzantine (countable and uncountable, plural Byzantines)

(historical) A native of Byzantium (modern-day Istanbul) or of the Byzantine empire


perfume

perfume (countable and uncountable, plural perfumes)

Borrowed from Middle French parfum, perfum. Doublet of parfum.

គន្ធរស

kŏənthĕəʼrŭəh

Breezes blowing from beds of iris quickened her breath with their perfume; she saw the tufted lilacs sway in the wind, and the streamers of mauve-tinted wistaria swinging, all a-glisten with golden bees; she saw a crimson cardinal winging through the foliage, and amorous tanagers flashing like scarlet flames athwart the pines.

1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, “Afterglow”, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC, page 168:

A pleasant smell; the scent, odor, or odoriferous particles emitted from a sweet-smelling substance; a pleasant odor


ginger

ginger (countable and uncountable, plural gingers)

→ Greek: τζίντζερ (tzíntzer)

→ Japanese: ジンジャー (jinjā)

→ Maltese: ġinġer

→ Manx: jinshar

→ Welsh: sinsir

→ Zulu: újínja

Inherited from Middle English gingere, alteration of gingivere, from Old English gingifer, gingiber (influenced by Old French gingembre), from Medieval Latin gingiber, zingiber, from Latin zingiberi, from Late Ancient Greek ζιγγίβερις (zingíberis), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀺𑀯𑁂𑀭 (siṃgivera), ultimately from Dravidian, compare Old Tamil 𑀇𑀜𑁆𑀘𑀺𑀯𑁂𑀭𑁆 (iñcivēr) and Tamil இஞ்சிவேர் (iñcivēr) from இஞ்சி (iñci, “ginger”) + வேர் (vēr, “root”).

/ˈd͡ʒɪnd͡ʒɚ/

(colloquial, often derogatory, countable) A person with reddish hair; a redhead.

Can you buy dry ginger in Croatia? If not what is an alternative?

(colloquial, countable and uncountable) Ginger ale, or can or bottle of such (especially if dry).


invisible

From Middle English invisible, from Old French invisible, from Late Latin invīsibilis. Displaced native Old English unġesewenlīċ.
Morphologically in- + visible.

Unſpeakable, who ſitſt above theſe Heavens / To us inviſible or dimly ſeen / In theſe thy loweſt works,[…]

1667, John Milton, “Book V”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

The Celebrity, by arts unknown, induced Mrs. Judge Short and two other ladies to call at Mohair on a certain afternoon when Mr. Cooke was trying a trotter on the track.[…]Their example was followed by others at a time when the master of Mohair was superintending in person the docking of some two-year-olds, and equally invisible.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, pages 58–59:

An interesting feature of the church is the invisible clock, which you can hear thumping away as you enter. Constructed in 1525, it is one of the oldest timepieces in England. It chimes the hours and the quarters, and every three hours it plays a hymn. But it has no faces.

1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 163:

Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close (less than half a meter) above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them.

2013 May-June, William E. Conner, “An Acoustic Arms Race”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, pages 206–7:

The teeth on an invisible zip are different from those on a conventional zip, as they are turned onto the inside so that they do not show, giving the impression of being concealed in the seam, as seen below.

2013, Jayne Smith, Guide to Basic Garment Assembly for the Fashion Industry, page 60:

Soon after departure, we cross the invisible border into Scotland to enjoy more stunning coastal scenery, before the line finally swings inland at Burnmouth to traverse pine-clad valleys, shadowed by the A1 trunk road until we rejoin the coast at Cove, east of Dunbar.

2022 November 30, Paul Bigland, “Destination Oban: a Sunday in Scotland”, in RAIL, number 971, page 75:

Unable to be seen; out of sight; not visible.

(psychology) That is ignored by a person.


invisible

(obsolete) An invisible person or thing; specifically, God, the Supreme Being.

Invisibles. Heretics who denied the visibility of the Church

1872, Orby Shipley, A Glossary of Ecclesiastical Terms:

(obsolete) One of those (as in the 16th century) who denied the visibility of the church.


visible

en-adj

visible (comparative more visible, superlative most visible)

more visible (comparative)
most visible (superlative)

From Middle English visible, from Old French visible, from Late Latin visibilis (“that may be seen”), from Latin videre (“to see”), past participle visus; see vision. Displaced native Old English ġesewenlīċ.

der

When the sun rises, the world becomes visible.

It cannot be denied it [the chameleon] is (if not the moſt of any) a very abſtemious animall, and ſuch as by reaſon of its frigidity, paucity of bloud, and latitancy in the winter (about which time the obſervations are often made) will long ſubſist without a viſible ſuſtentation.

1650, Thomas Browne, “Of the Cameleon”, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […], →OCLC, 3rd book, page 133:

Although the Celebrity was almost impervious to sarcasm, he was now beginning to exhibit visible signs of uneasiness, the consciousness dawning upon him that his eccentricity was not receiving the ovation it merited.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close[…]above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them. Many insects probably use this strategy, which is a close analogy to crypsis in the visible world—camouflage and other methods for blending into one’s visual background.


graphite

en-noun

graphite (countable and uncountable, plural graphites)

Borrowed from German Graphit (A. G. Werner 1789), from Ancient Greek γράφω (gráphō, “I write”).

Modern tennis racquets are made of graphite, fibreglass and other man-made materials.

Short for graphite-reinforced plastic, a composite plastic made with graphite fibers noted for light weight strength and stiffness.


scent

scent (countable and uncountable, plural scents)

From c.1400, from Middle English sent (noun) and senten (verb), from Old French sentir (“to feel, perceive, smell”), from Old French sentire "to feel, perceive, sense", from Latin sentīre. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sent- (“to feel”), and thus related to Dutch zin (“sense, meaning”), German Sinn (“sense”), Low German Sinn (“sense”), Luxembourgish Sënn (“sense, perception”), Saterland Frisian Sin (“sense”), West Frisian sin (“sense”). The -c- appeared in the 17th century, possibly by influence of ascent, descent, etc., or by influence of science.

cog

the scent of flowers / of a skunk

to give off / release / exude a scent

to breathe in / inhale a scent

hunger and thirst at once, / Powerful perswaders, quick’nd at the scent / Of that alluring fruit,

1667, John Milton, “Book VIII”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 586-588:

The scent of these arm-pits is aroma finer than prayer,

1892, Walt Whitman, “Song of Myself”, in Leaves of Grass […], Philadelphia, Pa.: David McKay, publisher, […], →OCLC, page 49:

Behind me the forest stood wrapped in mist, its scents still sleeping.

1973, Mary Stewart, The Hollow Hills, New York: William Morrow, Book 3, p. 357:

The air is thick with the unexpected scent of rain.

2014, Yvonne Adhiambo Owuor, chapter 32, in Dust, London: Granta Books, page 289:

I believe the bloodhound has the best scent of all dogs.

His houndes espyde him where he was, and Blacksoote first of all / And Stalker speciall good of sent began aloud to call.

1567, Ovid, “The Third Booke”, in Arthur Golding, transl., The XV. Bookes of P. Ouidius Naso, Entytuled Metamorphosis, […], London: […] Willyam Seres […], →OCLC, folio 33, recto:

No man can taste the fruits of autumn while he is delighting his scent with the flowers of the spring:

1759, Samuel Johnson, chapter 29, in The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abissinia, Philadelphia: Robert Bell, published 1768, page 113:

[I]nnumerable flowers, sweet to the scent and the eyes

1816 June – 1817 April/May (date written), [Mary Shelley], chapter V, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume II, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, published 1 January 1818, →OCLC, page 76:

Keen is the scent of the slaveholder; like the fangs of the rattlesnake, his malice retains its poison long; and, although it is now nearly seventeen years since I made my escape, it is well to be careful, in dealing with the circumstances relating to it.

1855, Frederick Douglass, chapter 21, in My Bondage and My Freedom. […], New York, Auburn, N.Y.: Miller, Orton & Mulligan […], →OCLC, part I (Life as a Slave), page 322:


scent

en-verb

scent (third-person singular simple present scents, present participle scenting, simple past and past participle scented)

scents (present singular third-person)
scenting (participle present)
scented (participle past)
scented (past)

Thunderbolts & lightnings […] do sent strongly of brimstone:

1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XXXV.] 15.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 2nd tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 557:

1647, John Fletcher and Philip Massinger, The False One, Act III, Scene 2, in Fifty Comedies and Tragedies, London: John Martyn et al., p. 325,
I smell him now: fie, how the Knave perfumes him, / How strong he scents of Traitor?

though praying for a wounded Conscience may seemingly scent of pretended humility, it doth really and rankly savour of pride,

1647, Thomas Fuller, The Cause and Cure of a Wounded Conscience, London: John Williams, Dialogue 21, page 154:

(intransitive, obsolete) To have a smell; (figuratively) to give an impression (of something).


flamingo

/fləˈmɪŋɡoʊ/

From Portuguese flamengo (“flamingo”) and Spanish flamenco (“flamingo”), which were adapted from Catalan flamenc (“flamingo”), of disputed ultimate origin in this sense. All three forms are used adjectivally as an ethnonym meaning 'Flemish' (of Germanic origin, cognate to English Fleming); Spanish flamenco refers also to a dance type. Compare also French flamant (“flamingo”).
*The bird's name may derive from the ethnonym by an association of a ruddy complexion or hair color with the Flemings; this etymology is supported by Corominas. (In Spanish, flamenco can be used colloquially as an adjective meaning "robust, healthy-looking".)
* Alternatively, either the dance flamenco, the bird name or both come from attaching the same Germanic-derived ending found in the ethnonym to the distinct root of Latin flamma (“flame”): i.e. Catalan flamenc has been analyzed as flama (“flame”) + -enc. Compare also Portuguese -engo.

Of a deep pink color tinged with orange, like that of a flamingo.


lion

→ Hawaiian: liona

→ Japanese: ライオン (raion)

→ Maia: laion

→ Tokelauan: leona

From Middle English lyoun, lion, leon, borrowed from Old French lion, from Latin leō, (accusative: leōnem), from Ancient Greek λέων (léōn), of unclear origin. Doublet of Leo, leu, lev, and Lyon. Displaced Old English lēo.

March comes in like a lion and goes out like a lamb

It was said of [Edward Plantaganet] that ‘he was a lion for pride and ferocity but a pard for inconstancy and changeableness, not keeping his word or promise but excusing himself with fair words’.

2003, Peter Armstrong, Angus McBride, Stirling Bridge & Falkirk 1297–98: William Wallace's Rebellion:

A person who shows attributes associated with the lion, such as strength, courage, or ferocity.

During this period, we were the lions of the neighbourhood; and, no doubt, strangers from the distant villages were taken to see the "Karhowrees" (white men), in the same way that countrymen, in a city, are gallanted to the Zoological Gardens.

1847 March 30, Herman Melville, Omoo: A Narrative of Adventures in the South Seas; […], London: John Murray, […], →OCLC:

Such society was far more enjoyable than that of Edinburgh, for here he was not a lion, but a man.

1844, John Wilson, Essay on the Genius, and Character of Burns:

The men were delighted to go, and became the lions of the following season in Adelaide.

1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 84:

Rose Waterford was a cynic. She looked upon life as an opportunity for writing novels and the public as her raw material. Now and then she invited members of it to her house if they showed an appreciation of her talent and entertained with proper lavishness. She held their weakness for lions in good-humoured contempt, but played to them her part of the distinguished woman of letters with decorum.

1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, “ch. 4”, in The Moon and Sixpence, [New York, N.Y.]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […], →OCLC:

Heated comments were exchanged, and, before anyone could say, "festival," the two lions of the folk power structure were rolling in the dirt.

1965 August, Mississippi Phil Ochs, “The Newport Fuzz Festival”, in The Realist, number 61, retrieved 2022-11-13, page 11:

So bring a basket for the lions / Of City of Industry

2014, Camper Van Beethoven (lyrics and music), “City of Industry”, in El Camino Real, performed by Camper Van Beethoven:

A famous person regarded with interest and curiosity.

lion:

A light brown color that resembles the fur of a lion.


lion

Of the light brown color that resembles the fur of a lion.


wheat

From Middle English whete, from Old English hwǣte, from Proto-West Germanic *hwaitī, from Proto-Germanic *hwaitijaz (compare West Frisian weet, Dutch weit, Low German Weten, German Weizen, Danish hvede, Swedish vete, Norwegian Nynorsk kveite, Icelandic hveiti), from *hwītaz (“white”). More at white.

Wheaten, of a light brown colour, like that of wheat.

cone wheat Triticum turgidum subsp. turgidum

English wheat Triticum turgidum subsp. turgidum

Polish wheat Triticum turgidum subsp. polonicum

rivet wheat Triticum turgidum subsp. turgidum


alliaceous

en-adj

alliaceous (comparative more alliaceous, superlative most alliaceous)

more alliaceous (comparative)
most alliaceous (superlative)


vision

en-noun

vision (countable and uncountable, plural visions)

From Middle English visioun, from Anglo-Norman visioun, from Old French vision, from Latin vīsiō (“vision, seeing”), noun of action from the perfect passive participle visus (“that which is seen”), from the verb videō (“I see”) + action noun suffix -iō.

(uncountable) The sense or ability of sight.


cocoa

A Dictionary of the English Language
Samuel Johnson
en:cocoa

cocoa (countable and uncountable, plural cocoas)

From Spanish cacao, from Classical Nahuatl cacahuatl. The form cocoa came about by confusion with coco, popularized by Samuel Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Language. Doublet of cacao.

An unsweetened brown powder made from roasted, ground cocoa beans, used in making chocolate, and in cooking.

Do you like cocoa?

Half past nine - high time for supper;
Cocoa, love? Of course, my dear.
Helen thinks it quite delicious,
John prefers it now to beer....
¶For they've stumbled on the secret
Of a love that never wanes,
Rapt beneath the tumbled bedclothes,
Cocoa coursing through their veins.

1979, Stanley J. Sharpless, A Food Lover's Companion, Harper & Row, Evan Jones (edit.)

(uncountable) A hot drink made with milk, cocoa powder, and sugar.

cocoa:

(countable) A light to medium brown colour.


cocoa

A Dictionary of the English Language
Samuel Johnson

Of a light to medium brown colour, like that of cocoa powder.


cocoa

By confusion with cocoa, popularized by Samuel Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Language.

(now nonstandard) Alternative spelling of coco.