open

en-adj

open (comparative more open or (phonetics) opener, superlative most open or (phonetics) openest)

more open (comparative)
opener (comparative)
most open (superlative)
openest (superlative)

closed-source

antonym(s) of “with a free license and no proprietary components”

Adjective from Middle English open, from Old English open (“open”), from Proto-West Germanic *opan, from Proto-Germanic *upanaz (“open”), from Proto-Indo-European *upo (“up from under, over”).
Cognates
* Scots apen (“open”)
* Saterland Frisian eepen (“open”)
* West Frisian iepen (“open”)
* Dutch open (“open”)
* Low German open, apen (“open”)
* German offen (“open”)
* Danish åben (“open”)
* Swedish öppen (“open”)
* Norwegian Bokmål åpen (“open”)
* Norwegian Nynorsk open (“open”)
* Icelandic opinn (“open”)
 Compare also Latin supinus (“on one's back, supine”), Albanian hap (“to open”). Related to up.
Verb from Middle English openen, from Old English openian (“to open”), from Proto-West Germanic *opanōn, from Proto-Germanic *upanōną (“to raise; lift; open”), from Proto-Germanic *upanaz (“open”, adjective). Cognate with Saterland Frisian eepenje (“to open”), West Frisian iepenje (“to open”), Dutch openen (“to open”), German öffnen (“to open”), Danish åbne (“to open”), Swedish öppna (“to open”), Norwegian Bokmål åpne (“to open”), Norwegian Nynorsk and Icelandic opna (“to open”). Related to English up.
Noun from Middle English open (“an aperture or opening”), from the verb. In the sports sense, however, a shortening of “open competition”.

inh

at church every time the doors swing open

(electricity, of a switch or circuit breaker) In a position such that a circuit is not completed, preventing electricity from flowing.


open

en-verb

open (third-person singular simple present opens, present participle opening, simple past and past participle opened)

opens (present singular third-person)
opening (participle present)
opened (participle past)
opened (past)
open (infinitive)

(transitive, intransitive) To cause or allow a gap to form or widen.

(transitive, intransitive, electricity, of a switch, fuse or circuit breaker) To move to a position preventing electricity from flowing.


current

en-noun

current (countable and uncountable, plural currents)

→ Punjabi: kraṉṭ

Gurmukhi script: ਕਰੰਟ

Shahmukhi script: کرنٹ

courant (with both the hurry–furry merger and cure–fir merger)

From Middle English curraunt, borrowed from Old French curant (French courant), present participle of courre (“to run”), from Latin currere (“to run”) (present participle currens). Doublet of courant.

Symbol: I (inclined upper case letter "I")

Units:

SI: ampere (A)

CGS: esu/second (esu/s)

(electricity) The amount of electric charge flowing in each unit of time.


absorption

absorption (countable and uncountable, plural absorptions)

First attested in 1597. From Latin absorptiō (“a sucking in”), from absorbeō (“absorb”). Morphologically absorb + -tion.

اِسْتِيعَاب

act or process of absorbing or sucking in anything

абсо́рбция

act or process of being absorbed and made to disappear

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(electrical engineering) The retaining of electrical energy for a short time after it has been introduced to the dielectric.

dielektrisk absorpsjon

the retaining of electrical energy for a short time after it has been introduced to the dielectric


ground

ground (countable and uncountable, plural grounds)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem-der.
Proto-Germanic *grunduz
Old English grund
Middle English ground
English ground
From Middle English ground, from Old English grund, from Proto-Germanic *grunduz. Cognate with West Frisian grûn, Dutch grond and German Grund.

etymon

cut the ground from under someone's feet

know one's ass from a hole in the ground

know one's head from a hole in the ground

know the difference between one's ass and a hole in the ground

А ground may be undesirable, inadvertent, or accidental path taken by an electrical current; or it may be the deliberate provision of conductors well connected to the ground by means of plates buried therein, or similar device.

1961, “GROUND”, in The International Dictionary of Physics and Electronics, 2nd edition, Princeton, NJ: D. Van Nostrand, page 539:

(electricity) An electrical conductor connected to the earth, or a large conductor whose electrical potential is taken as zero (such as a steel chassis).

torpaqalama

electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential

(electricity, Philippines) Electric shock.


close

en-verb

close (third-person singular simple present closes, present participle closing, simple past and past participle closed)

closes (present singular third-person)
closing (participle present)
closed (participle past)
closed (past)
close (infinitive)

From Middle English closen (“to close, enclose”), partly continuing (in altered form) earlier Middle English clusen (“to close”) (from Old English clȳsan (“to close, shut”); compare beclose, foreclose, etc.), and partly derived from Middle English clos (“close, shut up, confined, secret”, adjective), from Old French clos (“close, confined”, adjective), from Latin clausus (“shut up”, past participle), from claudere (“to bar, block, close, enclose, bring an end to, confine”), from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂w- (“key, hook, nail”), related to Latin clāvis (“key, deadbolt, bar”), clāvus (“nail, peg”), claustrum (“bar, bolt, barrier”), claustra (“dam, wall, barricade, stronghold”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κλείς (kleís, “bar, bolt, key”), German schließen (“to close, conclude, lock”), Dutch sluiten (“to close, conclude, lock”). Partially replaced Old English lūcan (“to close, lock, enclose”), (whence English lock). Doublet of clause.

cog

close the stable door after the horse has bolted

(physical) To remove or block an opening, gap or passage through.

(transitive, intransitive, electricity, of a switch, fuse or circuit breaker) To move to a position allowing electricity to flow.


AC

Coordinate term: DC

110 V AC

alternating current
alternating current#English

(electricity) Initialism of alternating current (often used to indicate an alternating potential rather than a current).

alternating current

electricity grid
grid electricity#English

(electricity, informal, by extension) supply of electric energy via a public electricity grid


OR

(electrical engineering) A logic gate to implement inclusive or.


unit

Formerly unite, a later form of unity; see unity.

(UK, electricity) One kilowatt-hour (as recorded on an electricity meter).


pin

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: pins

→ Polish: pin

→ Spanish: pin

→ Swahili: pini

→ Swedish: pin, pins

From Middle English pinne, from Old English pinn (“pin, peg, bolt”), from Proto-Germanic *pinnaz, *pinnō, *pint- (“protruding point, peak, peg, pin, nail”), from Proto-Indo-European *bend- (“protruding object, pointed peg, nail, edge”). Related to pen (“enclosure”).
Cognate with Dutch pin (“peg, pin”), Low German pin, pinne (“pin, point, nail, peg”), German Pinn, Pinne (“pin, tack, peg”), Bavarian Pfonzer, Pfunzer (“sharpened point”), Danish pind (“pin, pointed stick”), Norwegian pinn (“stick”), Swedish pinne (“peg, rod, stick”), Icelandic pinni (“pin”). More at pintle.
No relation to classical Latin pinna (“fin, flipper, wing-like appendage, wing, feather”), which was extended to mean "ridge, peak, point" (compare pinnacle), and often confused with Latin penna (“wing, feather”). More at feather and pen (Etymology 3).

cog

The UK standard connector for domestic mains electricity has three pins.

(electricity) Any of the individual connecting elements of a multipole electrical connector.

краче

electricity: any of the individual connecting elements of a multi-pole electrical connector


dwell

From Middle English dwellen (“delay, live, remain, persist”), from Old English dwellan (“to mislead, deceive; be led into error, stray”), from Proto-Germanic *dwaljaną (“to hold up, delay; hesitate”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwelH- (“to whirl, swirl, blur, obfuscate”), which is cognate with Old Norse dvelja and related to Proto-Germanic *dwelaną (“to go astray”), which underwent semantic change in its descendants. Cognates include Danish dvæle (“to linger, dwell”) and Swedish dväljas (“to dwell, reside”).

cog

(electrical engineering) A planned delay in a timed control program.


lightning

en-noun

lightning (usually uncountable, plural lightnings)

[ˈlʌɪ̯ʔ.nɪŋ]

[ˈlɐɪ̯ʔ.nɪŋ]

From light(e)n + -ing. Doublet of lightening.

lightning does not strike twice in the same place

lightning doesn't strike twice in the same place

lightning never strikes twice in the same place

Although we did not see the lightning, we did hear the thunder.

Canst thou send lightnings, that they may go, and say unto thee, Here we are?

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 38:35:

It was the thought of hot July and August days, when the clouds piled up like woolly mountains, and lightnings streaked the sky.

1901, E. L. Morris, The Child's Eden, page 16:

Manny drove a few miles per hour under the speed limit, entranced by the awesome display of lightning streaking out of the clouds toward earth.

2008, Kathy Clark, Stand By Your Man, page 280:

"Ruu": The adults in the village all said that children like me could calm the lightning and turn the storms into timely rain.

2021 October 13, Genshin Impact, v2.2, miHoYo, iOS, Android, Windows, PS4, level/area: The Sun-Wheel and Mt. Kanna:

A flash of light produced by short-duration, high-voltage discharge of electricity within a cloud, between clouds, or between a cloud and the earth.

Nobs, though, was lightning by comparison with the slow thinking beast and dodged his opponent's thrust with ease. Then he raced to the rear of the tremendous thing and seized it by the tail.

1918 September–November, Edgar Rice Burroughs, “The Land That Time Forgot”, in The Blue Book Magazine, Chicago, Ill.: Story-press Corp., →OCLC; republished as chapter V, in Hugo Gernsback, editor, Amazing Stories, (please specify |part=I to III), New York, N.Y.: Experimenter Publishing, 1927, →OCLC:

(figuratively) Anything that moves very fast.

I took some gin but it did little to calm my mood. […] 'Come now, Bess,' she entreated, and poured another glass of lightning. 'Tell your old mother everything.' I took a gulp of the spirit, then babbled all, showing her the loot now in my possession.


electric

De Magnete
Thomas Browne
William Gilbert (physician)

First appears c. 1646 in a publication by Thomas Browne, from New Latin ēlectricus (“electrical; of amber”), from ēlectrum (“amber”) + -icus (“adjectival suffix”), from Ancient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron, “amber”), related to ἠλέκτωρ (ēléktōr, “shining sun”), of unknown origin; see there for further information. The Latin term was apparently used first with the sense “electrical” in 1600 by the English physician and scientist William Gilbert in his work De Magnete.

der

We had to sit in the dark because the electric was cut off.

(informal, usually with definite article) Electricity; the electricity supply.


plate

→ Maori: pereti

→ Hindi: प्लेट (pleṭ)

From Middle English plate, from Old French plate, from Medieval Latin plata, from Vulgar Latin *plat(t)us, from Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús, “broad, flat, wide”). Compare Spanish plato.
(foot): Cockney rhyming slang, from "plates of meat" for "feet".

(engineering, electricity) A flat electrode such as can be found in an accumulator battery, or in an electrolysis tank.

Regulating the oscillator plate voltage greatly improves the keying.

(engineering, electricity) The anode of a vacuum tube.


tail

Sranan Tongo: tere

From Middle English tail, tayl, teil, from Old English tæġl (“tail”), from Proto-West Germanic *tagl, from Proto-Germanic *taglą (“hair, fiber; hair of a tail”), from Proto-Indo-European *doḱ- (“hair of the tail”), from Proto-Indo-European *deḱ- (“to tear, fray, shred”). Cognate with Scots tail (“tail”), Saterland Frisian Tail (“tail, end”), West Frisian teil (“tail”), Dutch teil (“tail, haulm, blade”), Low German Tagel (“twisted scourge, whip of thongs and ropes; end of a rope”), German Zagel (“tail”), dialectal Danish tavl (“hair of the tail”), Swedish tagel (“hair of the tail, horsehair”), Norwegian tagl (“tail”), Icelandic tagl (“tail, horsetail, ponytail”), Gothic 𐍄𐌰𐌲𐌻 (tagl, “hair”). In some senses, apparently by a generalization of the usual opposition between head and tail.

hali

of cattle, in addition to reptiles, amphibians, and basically all animals that do not fall into the other categories; also used for inanimate objects and figuratively

have the world by the tail on a downhill pull

mackerel sky and mare's-tails make lofty ships carry low sails

mackerel sky and mare's-tails make tall ships carry low sails

the cow knows not the worth of its tail till it loses it

trust someone as far as one could fling a bull by the tail

(electrical engineering) Synonym of pigtail (“a short length of twisted electrical wire”)


electron

Blend of electric + ion, coined by Anglo-Irish scientist George Stoney in 1891, changed by him multiple times from an earlier electrolion and original electrine (used as early as 1874) as the name for the electric charge associated with a univalent ion. Compare electro-, -on.
The particle ("corpuscule") was discovered in 1896. The name electrion was proposed for the particle in 1906 but curtailed because Hendrik Lorentz preferred electron.

coin

monochromated scanning transmission electron microscope

Holonym: atom

Comeronyms: proton, p, neutron, n; nucleon, baryon

(physics) The subatomic particle having a negative charge and orbiting the nucleus; the flow of electrons in a conductor constitutes electricity.

elektron

the negatively charged subatomic particles that orbit atoms


bicarbonate

sodium bicarbonate used as a mild antacid; bicarbonate of soda


ABC

en-noun

ABC (countable and uncountable, plural ABCs)

As a matter of fact, when numerically handling a model originally established on an unbounded domain, it is compulsory to impose the pertinent ABC to terminate the endless mesh while retaining a well-posed and stable simulation.

2008, Nikolaos V. Kantartzis, Theodoros D. Tsiboukis, Modern EMC Analysis Techniques I: Time-Domain Computational Schemes, Morgan & Claypool, →ISBN, page 180:

boundary condition
boundary condition#English

(electrical engineering) Initialism of absorbing boundary condition.


output

output (countable and uncountable, plural outputs)

From out + (verb) put; nominalisation of put out.

That which is produced by something, especially that which is produced within a particular time period or from a particular effort.

(electrical engineering) The amount of power produced by a particular system.

(computing, electrical engineering) The terminal through which the data or power is delivered from the source, output terminal.


discrete

en-adj

discrete (comparative more discrete, superlative most discrete)

more discrete (comparative)
most discrete (superlative)

From Old French discret, from Latin discrētus, past participle of discernō (“divide”), from dis- + cernō (“sift”). Doublet of discreet.

(electrical engineering) Having separate electronic components, such as individual diodes, transistors and resistors, as opposed to integrated circuitry.


influence

en-noun

influence (countable and uncountable, plural influences)

From Middle English influence, from Old French influence (“emanation from the stars affecting one's fate”), from Medieval Latin īnfluentia, from Latin īnfluēns (“flowing in”), present active participle of īnfluō (“flow into”), from in- (“in-”) + fluō (“flow”). Doublet of influenza and inflood.


ac

(electricity) Alternative letter-case form of AC (“alternating current”)


generator

/ˈdʒɛnəɹeɪtə(ɹ)/

From Latin, from past participle of genero (“beget, father”), equivalent to generate + -or.

When you come across something that looks like a listcomp but is surrounded by parentheses, you're looking at a generator: […]

2016, Paul Barry, Head First Python: A Brain-Friendly Guide, O'Reilly, →ISBN, page 508:

One who, or that which, generates, begets, causes, or produces.

(programming) A subordinate piece of code which, given some initial parameters, will generate multiple output values on request.


circuit

From Middle English circuit, from Old French circuit, from Latin circuitus (“a going round”), from circuire (“go round”), from circum (“around”) + ire. As a Chinese administrative division, a calque of Chinese 道 (dào) or 路 (lù).

piiri

Methodist Church: district in which an itinerant preacher labors

dao

Imperial Chinese administrative divisions

(electricity) Enclosed path of an electric current, usually designed for a certain function.


closed

(electricity, of a switch or circuit breaker) In a position allowing electricity to flow.


If the NOT gate input is 1, the output is 0.

(electrical engineering) The off or low bit state.


discharge

en-verb

discharge (third-person singular simple present discharges, present participle discharging, simple past and past participle discharged)

discharges (present singular third-person)
discharging (participle present)
discharged (participle past)
discharged (past)

/dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/

/ˈdɪstʃɑːdʒ/

/dɪsˈtʃɑɹdʒ/

/ˈdɪstʃɑɹdʒ/

-ɪstʃɑː(ɹ)dʒ

From Middle English dischargen, from Old French deschargier (“to unload”), from Late Latin discarricāre (“unload”). By surface analysis, dis- + charge.

GWR plans to use it on the Greenford branch in west London, making use of a fast charger at West Ealing that will charge the batteries in just three and a half minutes. This fast charger is essentially a battery installed at the lineside which is trickle-charged from the electricity grid. It can then discharge quickly into the train's batteries through charging rails and then start recharging itself while the train is running in service.

2024 March 6, “Network News: GWR '230' sets UK battery record”, in RAIL, number 1004, page 13:

(electricity) To release (an accumulated charge).

разреждам

electricity: to release an accumulated charge


discharge

en-noun

discharge (countable and uncountable, plural discharges)

/dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/

/ˈdɪstʃɑːdʒ/

/dɪsˈtʃɑɹdʒ/

/ˈdɪstʃɑɹdʒ/

-ɪstʃɑː(ɹ)dʒ

(electricity) The act of releasing an accumulated charge.


voltage

voltage (countable and uncountable, plural voltages)

/ˈvəʊltɪd͡ʒ/

/ˈvəʉltɪd͡ʒ/

/ˈvɐʉltɪd͡ʒ/

From volt + -age, ultimately derived from the name of Alessandro Volta, inventor of the modern battery.

The voltage between the wires is too low to produce a spark.

Be careful when opening high-voltage equipment.

(electricity) The difference in electrostatic potential between two points in space, especially between live and neutral conductors or the earth.


tap

The noun is derived from Middle English tappe (“hollow device for controlling the flow of liquid from a hole, cock, faucet, spigot; hole through which the liquid flows; the liquid which thus flows”), from Old English tæppa, from Proto-West Germanic *tappō, from Proto-Germanic *tappô (“a plug, tap; peg; tapering stick”), from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂p- (“to lose; to sacrifice”).
The verb is derived from Middle English tappen (“to obtain (liquid, chiefly liquor) from a tap; to obtain and sell (liquor)”), from Old English tæppian (“to provide (a container) with a stopper; to obtain (liquid) from a tap”), and then either:
* from Old English tæppa (see above) + -ian (suffix forming verbs); or
* from Proto-Germanic *tappōną, from *tappô (noun) (see above).
Verb sense 1.3.5 (“to turn over (a playing card or playing piece) to remind players that it has already been used in that round”) alludes to the abilities or resources of the card or piece having been drawn on to the point of temporary exhaustion: see verb sense 1.3.2.

rubinet

hollow device used to control the flow of a fluid — see also faucet

The system was barely keeping pressure due to all of the ill-advised taps along its length.

(British, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering) A connection made to an electrical or fluid conductor without breaking it; a tapping.

mechanical engineering
mechanical engineering


pole

From Middle French pole, pôle, from Latin polus, from Ancient Greek πόλος (pólos, “axis of rotation”).

der

poll (one pronunciation or with the doll–dole merger)

(electricity) A contact on an electrical device (such as a battery) at which electric current enters or leaves.


electricity

en-noun

electricity (usually uncountable, plural electricities)

/ɪˌlɛkˈt͡ʃɹɪsɪti/

(physics) The study of electrical phenomena; the branch of science dealing with such phenomena.


grid

Back-formation or clipping of griddle or gridiron.

(electricity) A battery-plate somewhat like a grating, especially a zinc plate in a primary battery, or a lead plate in a secondary or storage battery.


juice

juice (usually uncountable, plural juices)

Tok Pisin: jus

→ Czech: džus

→ Danish: juice

→ Faroese: djús

→ Hungarian: dzsúsz

→ Icelandic: djús

→ Indonesian: jus

→ Japanese: ジュース (jūsu)

→ Korean: 주스 (juseu), 쥬스 (juseu)

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: juice, jus

Norwegian Nynorsk: juice, jus

→ Papiamentu: djus

→ Serbo-Croatian: džus

→ Slovak: džús

→ Swahili: juisi, jusi

→ Swedish: juice, jos

→ Zulu: újúsi

From Middle English jus, juis, from Old French jus, jous, from Latin jūs (“broth, soup, sauce”), from Proto-Indo-European *yúHs, from *yewH- (“to mix (of meal preparation)”). Doublet of jus and ukha. In this sense, mostly displaced native Middle English sew (“juice”), from Old English sēaw (“juice, sap”) (> English sew (“juice, broth, gravy”)). Sense of "soft drink" most likely an ellipsis of fizzy juice, another similarly common term in Scotland.

the blacker the berry, the sweeter the juice

the darker the berry, the sweeter the juice

This is the shrine of the God That Works,
Driving away the mists and murks,
Turning the lightnings into use.
This is the shrine of the mighty "Juice,"
Flowing ever the long wires through,
And making the dream, the Dream come true!

`Perhaps, later on, but I've got lots to show you - and besides, it's a waste of "juice".'

1917 July 13, The Electrical Experimenter, New York, page 180, column 2:

(uncountable, slang) Any source or enabler of significant positive effects.


lug

From Middle English luggen, possibly from Scandinavian source, (compare Swedish lugga, Norwegian lugge); also in English dialectal as lig (“to lug”). Noun is via Scots lugge, probably from Old Norse (compare Norwegian and Swedish lugg). Probably related to slug (“lazy, slow-moving”), which may be from similar source(s). See slow.

(electricity) A device for terminating an electrical conductor to facilitate the mechanical connection; to the conductor it may be crimped to form a cold weld, soldered or have pressure from a screw.


traveller

From Middle English traveler, travelour, travailere, travailour (“worker", also "traveller”), equivalent to travel + -er. Compare Anglo-Norman travailur, travailour, Old French travailleor, travelleeur, travelier.

(electrical engineering) One of the wires connecting the two members of a pair of three-way switches.


crimp

en-verb

crimp (third-person singular simple present crimps, present participle crimping, simple past and past participle crimped)

crimps (present singular third-person)
crimping (participle present)
crimped (participle past)
crimped (past)

From Middle English crimpen (“to be contracted, be drawn together”), from Middle Dutch crimpen, crempen (“to crimp”), from Proto-Germanic *krimpaną (“to shrink, draw back”) (compare related Old English ġecrympan (“to curl”)). Cognate with Dutch krimpen, German Low German krimpen, Faroese kreppa (“crisis”), and Icelandic kreppa (“to bend tightly, clench”). Compare also derivative Middle English crymplen (“to wrinkle”) and causative crempen (“to turn something back, restrain”, literally “to cause to shrink or draw back”), both ultimately derived from the same root. See also cramp.

cog

He crimped the wire in place.

(electricity) To fasten by bending metal so that it squeezes around the parts to be fastened.


light bulb

From light + bulb First attested in 1885.

a fluorescent light bulb

an LED light bulb

(by extension) An article that resembles such a bulb and converts electricity to light by any process.

peer

resembling article that converts electricity to light


sleeve

From Middle English sleve, slefe, from Old English slīef and slīefe (“sleeve”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Sleeuwe (“sleeve”), West Frisian slúf, Dutch sloof (“apron”), Low German sluve, dialectal German Schlaube.
The Canadian sense of “measure smaller than a pint” is due to a former conflict between federal law and provincial law in British Columbia. According to federal law, a pint must be 20 imperial ounces (~568 ml), but according to provincial law at the time, the maximum individual serving size was 500 ml, so an individual portion could not be called a “pint” in British Columbia, and required a different term. The provincial law has been changed, allowing servings of up to 24 oz (~682 ml), but the term remains in use. The term sleeve itself for a cylindrical glass of beer is also found in the UK and Australia (as sleever), and may be due to stacked glasses resembling a sleeve.

(electrical engineering) A double tube of copper into which the ends of bare wires are pushed so that when the tube is twisted an electrical connection is made. The joint thus made is called a McIntire joint.


gnome

From French gnome (“gnome”), from New Latin gnomus, used by Paracelsus as a synonym for pygmaeus (“pygmy”).

The mountain pygmy owl, Glaucidium gnoma, a small owl of the western United States.


electrical

en-adj

electrical (comparative more electrical, superlative most electrical)

more electrical (comparative)
most electrical (superlative)

For our final example let us finish the problem posed in the introduction to this chapter. The ideas and formulas needed will be familiar to electrical students, and would be handy for nonelectricals to know as well.

2011, Paul A. Calter, Michael A. Calter, Technical Mathematics, page 275:


transform

en-verb

transform (third-person singular simple present transforms, present participle transforming, simple past and past participle transformed)

transforms (present singular third-person)
transforming (participle present)
transformed (participle past)
transformed (past)

From Middle English transformen, from Old French transformer, from Latin transformo, transformare, from trans (“across”, preposition) + forma (“form”).

(transitive, electricity) To subject to the action of a transformer.

трансформирам

in electricity: subject to the action of a transformer


sheath

From Middle English sheth, shethe (“holder for a sword, knife, etc., scabbard, sheath”) [and other forms], from Old English sċēaþ (“sheath”), from Proto-West Germanic *skaiþiju, from Proto-Germanic *skaiþiz (“sheath; covering”), from Proto-Indo-European *skey- (“to dissect, split”) (possibly from the notion of a split stick with a sword inserted).
The English word is cognate with Danish skede, Dutch schede, Icelandic skeið, German Scheide, Low German scheed, Norwegian skjede.

nb...

chethe, scǽð, scaþ, schede, schete, scheth, schethe, seaþ, seeth, seth, sethe, shæþ, shede, sheethe, sheith, (Southwest) ssethe, sseþe, (early forms) scæðe, scaþe, seaþe

der

(electrical engineering) The insulating outer cover of an electrical cable.


phase

From New Latin phasis, from Ancient Greek φάσις (phásis, “an appearance”), from φάω (pháō, “to shine”); compare phantasm and see face.

vaihe

rugby union: period of play between breakdowns

(electrical engineering) In a polyphase electrical power system, one of the power-carrying conductors, or the alternating current carried by it.


spaghetti

en-noun

spaghetti (usually uncountable, plural spaghettis)

The noun is borrowed from Italian spaghetti, the plural of spaghetto (“dish of spaghetti; (rare) strand of spaghetti”), from spago (“cord, string, twine; thread”) + -etto (diminutive suffix). Spago is derived from Latin spagus (“twine”), probably from Ancient Greek σφάκος (sphákos, “apple sage (Salvia pomifera)”), probably from Pre-Greek.
The verb is derived from the noun.

مَعْكَرُونَة

type of pasta made in the shape of long thin strings

spagetti

something physically resembling spaghetti (sense 1) in appearance or consistency, or in being tangled

(by extension, uncountable, informal, often attributively) Something physically resembling spaghetti (sense 1) in appearance or consistency, or in being tangled.

(electrical engineering) Electrical insulating tubing or electrical wiring.

bužírka

electrical insulating tubing; electrical wiring


thunderstorm

I have never believed, as some people do, in omens and forewarnings, for the dramatic things in my life have generally come upon me as suddenly as a tropical thunder-storm.

1936 July, John Buchan, “Lost Gods”, in The Island of Sheep, London: Hodder and Stoughton, published July 1938, →OCLC, part I (Fosse), page 11:

A storm consisting of thunder and lightning produced by a cumulonimbus, usually accompanied with heavy rain, wind, and sometimes hail; and in rarer cases sleet, freezing rain, or snow.


electrocutioner

/ɪˌlɛktɹəˈkjuʃənɚ/

/ɪˌlɛktɹəˈkjuːʃənə/

Blend of electrocution + executioner, or electrocution + -er

U.S. Supreme Court: STATE OF LA. EX REL. FRANCIS v. RESWEBER, 329 U.S. 459 (1947) 329 U.S. 459 STATE OF LOUISIANA ex rel. FRANCIS v. RESWEBER, sheriff, et al. No. 142.
'Then the electrocutioner turned on the switch and when he did Willie Francis' lips puffed out and he groaned and jumped so that the chair came off the floor. Apparently the switch was turned on twice and then the condemned man yelled: 'Take it off. Let me breath." Affidavit of official witness Harold Resweber, dated May 23, 1946.

Smiling as I throw the switch that takes away their breath
I see life as an interruption to the tune of death

1978, The Residents (lyrics and music), “The Electrocutioner”, in Duck Stab/Buster & Glen, performed by Monica Ganas and Snakefinger:

an executioner who carries out an execution by means of electricity.


electrocution

en-noun

electrocution (countable and uncountable, plural electrocutions)

/ɪˌlɛktɹəˈkjuːʃən/

Deliberate execution by electric shock, usually involving an electric chair.

電刑 /电刑

deliberate execution by electric shock, usually involving an electric chair


load

The sense of “burden” first arose in the 13th century as a secondary meaning of Middle English lode, loade, which had the main significance of “way, course, journey”, from Old English lād (“course, journey; way, street, waterway; leading, carrying; maintenance, support”) (ultimately from Proto-Germanic *laidō (“leading, way”), Proto-Indo-European *leyt- (“to go, go forth, die”).
Cognate with Middle Low German leide (“entourage, escort”), German Leite (“line, course, load”), Swedish led (“way, trail, line”), Icelandic leið (“way, course, route”)). As such, load is a doublet of lode, which has preserved the older meaning.
Most likely, the semantic extension of the Middle English substantive arose by conflation with the (etymologically unrelated) verb lade; however, Middle English lode occurs only as a substantive; the transitive verb load (“to charge with a load”) is recorded only in the 16th century (frequently in Shakespeare),
and (except for the participle laden) has largely supplanted lade in modern English.

cog

I'm worried that the load on that transformer will be too high.

(electrical engineering) The electrical current or power delivered by a device.

حِمْل

the electrical current or power delivered by a device

Connect a second 24-ohm load across the power supply's output terminals.

(electrical engineering) Any component that draws current or power from an electrical circuit.

това́р

(electrical engineering) any component that draws current or power from an electrical circuit


contact

en-noun

contact (countable and uncountable, plural contacts)

From Latin contactus, from contingō (“I touch on all sides”), from tangō (“I touch”). Used in English since the 17th century.

someone with whom one is in communication

no battle plan survives contact with the enemy

no battle plan survives first contact with the enemy

no plan survives first contact with the enemy

(electricity) A device designed for repetitive connections.

контакт

electrical: a device designed for repetitive connections


shield

en-verb

shield (third-person singular simple present shields, present participle shielding, simple past and past participle shielded)

shields (present singular third-person)
shielding (participle present)
shielded (participle past)
shielded (past)

From Middle English shelden, from Old English scildan.

(electricity) To protect from the influence of.

екранирам

electricity: to protect from the influence of


ion

From the ending of anion and cation, which in turn is from Ancient Greek ἰόν (ión, “going”), neuter present participle of εἶμι (eîmi, “I go”). Coined by English polymath William Whewell in 1834 for Michael Faraday, who introduced it later that year.

coin

An atom or group of atoms bearing an electrical charge, such as the sodium and chlorine atoms in a salt solution.


pylon

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πυλών (pulṓn, “gateway”).

стълб

a towerlike structure used to support high-voltage electricity cables

The highway to the East Coast which ran through the borough of Ebbfield had always been a main road and even now, despite the vast garages, the pylons and the gaily painted factory glasshouses which had sprung up beside it, there still remained an occasional trace of past cultures.

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 7, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

(electricity) A tower-like structure, usually one of a series, used to support high-voltage electricity cables.


electrolysis

en-noun

electrolysis (countable and uncountable, plural electrolyses)

Coined by English polymath William Whewell in 1834 for Michael Faraday. From electro- + -lysis (“a loosening”). Originally of tumors, later (1909) of hair removal.

But current leakage in a Tube tunnel can cause electrolysis to occur in steel retaining walls, which in turn causes them to rust; it could also damage the foundations of nearby buildings.

2012, Andrew Martin, Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 136:

(chemistry) the chemical change produced by passing an electric current through a conducting solution or a molten salt.


wild

en-adj

wild (comparative wilder, superlative wildest)

wilder (comparative)
wildest (superlative)

From Middle English wild, wilde, from Old English wilde, from Proto-West Germanic *wilþī, from Proto-Germanic *wilþijaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“hair, wool, grass, ear (of corn), forest”).
Cognates
Cognate with West Frisian wyld, Dutch wild, German wild, Danish vild, Swedish vild, Norwegian vill, Icelandic villtur.

wild chamomile

Matricaria discoidea or Tripleurospermum inodorum

wild pink

Silene caroliniana or Dianthus sect. Fimbriatum spp.

The aircraft's navigational equipment should not be powered from the wild AC bus except in an emergency, as its computers can be damaged by variations in electrical frequency.

(electrical engineering) Of unregulated and varying frequency.


plug

→ Gulf Arabic: بلاك (blāk)

→ Burmese: ပလတ် (pa.lat)

→ Japanese: プラグ (puragu)

From Dutch plug, from Middle Dutch plugge (“peg, plug”), from Old Dutch *pluggi, from Proto-West Germanic *plugi. Further origin unknown. Possibly from Proto-Germanic *plugjaz, but the word seems originally restricted to northern continental West Germanic. Perhaps ultimately from the same source as Dutch plag (“cut-out sod”), itself considered to be from a substrate.
Compare German Low German Plüg, Norwegian plug (“peg, wedge”, probably borrowed from Middle Low German), German Pflock (“peg”, restricted to Central German and phonetically divergent). Possibly akin to Lithuanian plúkti (“to strike, hew”).

unk

unknown

cog

I pushed the plug back into the electrical socket and the lamp began to glow again.

(electricity) A pronged connecting device which fits into a mating socket, especially an electrical one.

(loosely) An electric socket: wall plug.


anion

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀνιόν (anión, “(thing) going up”), neuter past participle of ἄνειμι (áneimi, “go up”), from ἀνά (aná, “up”) + εἶμι (eîmi, “go”). Coined by English polymath William Whewell in 1834 for Michael Faraday, who introduced it later that year. By surface analysis, ana- + ion.


anode

From Ancient Greek ἀνα- (ana-, “up”) and ὁδός (hodós, “path”), forming the New Greek compound ἄνοδος (ánodos). Coined by English polymath William Whewell in 1834 for Michael Faraday, who introduced it later that year.

անոդ

the electrode of an electrochemical cell at which oxidation occurs

(electricity) An electrode, of a cell or other electrically polarized device, through which a positive current of electricity flows inwards (and thus, electrons flow outwards). It can have either a positive or a negative voltage with respect to cathode of the same polarized device (depending on whether the device is a load or a source, respectively).

անոդ

the electrode through which current flows into a cell

(electronics) That electrode of a semiconductor device which is connected to the p-type material of a p-n junction.


corona

en-noun

corona (plural coronas or coronae or (obsolete) coronæ)

coronas (plural)
coronae (plural)
coronæ (obsolete plural)

→ Japanese: コロナ (korona)

The noun is borrowed from Latin corōna (“crown; garland, wreath”), from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē, “type of crown; curved object (door handle, tip of a bow, stern of a ship, etc.)”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). The English word is a doublet of crown, korona, koruna, krona, króna, and krone.
The plural form coronae is borrowed from Latin corōnae.
The verb is derived from the noun.

laki

upper or crownlike portion of certain parts of the body

kruunu

appendage of an organism that resembles a crown or corona

An appearance of a corona may produce useful or undesirable effects. For instance, a corona arising spontaneously around high-voltage wires of an electrical power transmission line results in a loss of electrical energy. On the other hand, coronas are widely used in many practical applications like dust collection with electrical precipitators, atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma surface treatment of polymers, cleaning of exhausted gases, etc.

2004, U[lrich] Kogelschatz, Yu S. Akishev, A. P. Napartovich, “History of Non-equilibrium Air Discharges”, in K. H. Becker, U[lrich] Kogelschatz, K. H. Schoenbach, R. J. Barker, editors, Non-equilibrium Air Plasmas at Atmospheric Pressure (Institute of Physics Series in Plasma Physics), Bristol, Philadelphia, Pa.: Institute of Physics Publishing, →ISBN, page 42:

(electricity) A luminous appearance caused by corona discharge, often seen as a bluish glow in the air adjacent to pointed metal conductors carrying high voltages.


shunt

en-verb

shunt (third-person singular simple present shunts, present participle shunting, simple past and past participle shunted)

shunts (present singular third-person)
shunting (participle present)
shunted (participle past)
shunted (past)

From Middle English shunten, schunten, schonten, schounten, shont, shonte, shount, shounten, shunte (“to move rapidly or suddenly, jerk; to swerve, turn away; to avoid, dodge, escape, evade”), either:
* possibly a back-formation from Middle English shǒnen (“to decline to do, refuse; to abandon, forsake; to disdain, dislike, hate; to avoid, escape; to be afraid, fear; to be wary of”), from Old English sċunian, sċyniġan; see shun. Or
* an alteration of Middle English shunden, *schunden, *schinden, from Old English sċyndan, sċendan (“to hasten, hurry”) (as in āsċyndan (“to remove, take away”), from Proto-West Germanic *skundijan, from Proto-Germanic *skundijaną (“to compel, drive, push; to accelerate, rush, speed up”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew(n)t- (“to rattle, shake”).
* from unrecorded Old English *sċunettan, a derivative of sċunian (“to shun, avoid”).
The English word is cognate with Danish skynde (“to hasten, hurry, speed”), Icelandic skynda, skunda (“to hasten”), Middle High German schünden (“to compel; to urge; to irritate”), Norwegian skynde (“to hurry, rush”), Swedish skynda (“to hasten, hurry; to scuttle, scurry”). Outside Germanic, compare Sanskrit स्कन्दति (skándati, “to dart, leap, spring, spurt or burst forth, ejaculate, assail, drop, split”), Albanian shkund (“to shake; to swig”).
As regards the noun sense, compare Middle English shunt (“swerve; sudden jerk”), derived from the verb.

cog

The method of running an electric motor herein set out, which consists in starting the motor with the two halves of its armature in series with a resistance in a two-pole field, then gradually cutting out the resistance, then including the resistance and shunting one-half the motor, then opening the circuit of the shunted half and throwing the two halves of the motor in multiple in a four-pole field, and finally, cutting out the resistance.

1895 April 2, Merle J. Wightman, Regulation of Continuous-current Motors, US Patent 542,667, page 2, column 2:

(transitive, electricity) To divert electric current by providing an alternative path.


shunt

The sensibility of a galvanometer may be varied in a very simple manner by the use of what is termed a shunt. A shunt is a resistance coil, or coil of fine wire used to divert some definite portion of a current, taking it past a galvanometer instead of through its coils.

1873, Fleeming Jenkin, “Galvanometers”, in Electricity and Magnetism, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton and Co. […], §14, page 201:

(electricity) A connection used as an alternative path between parts of an electrical circuit.


yoke

From Middle English yok, yoke, ȝok from Old English ġeoc (“yoke”), from Proto-Germanic *juką (“yoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm (“yoke”), from *yewg- (“to join; to tie together, yoke”). Doublet of yuga, jugum, yoga and possibly yogh.
Senses 3.1 (“area of arable land”) and 3.2 (“amount of work done with draught animals”) probably referred to the area of land that could generally be ploughed by yoked draught animals within a given time.

poikkipuu

linking or supporting object that resembles a yoke

駕駛桿 /驾驶杆

device with crosspieces used to control an aircraft

iugum

unit of land area notionally equivalent to the area a team of yoked draft animals can work in a day

Senses relating to a frame around the neck.

Any of various linking or supporting objects that resembles a yoke (sense 1.1); a crosspiece, a curved bar, etc.

(electrical engineering) Originally, a metal piece connecting the poles of a magnet or electromagnet; later, a part of magnetic circuit (such as in a generator or motor) not surrounded by windings (“wires wound around the cores of electrical transformers”).

ies

metal piece connecting the poles of a magnet or electromagnet; part of magnetic circuit (such as in a generator or motor) not surrounded by windings


fuse

Back-formation from fusion (“to melt”), first to verbal sense, then noun.

(electrical engineering) A device to prevent excessive overcurrent from overload or short circuit in an electrical circuit, containing a component that melts and interrupts the current when too high a load is passed through it.

smeltdraad

device preventing overloading of a circuit


fuse

en-verb

fuse (third-person singular simple present fuses, present participle fusing, simple past and past participle fused)

fuses (present singular third-person)
fusing (participle present)
fused (participle past)
fused (past)

(transitive, electricity) To furnish with or install a fuse to protect a circuit against overcurrent.

When the bath overflowed, the downstairs lights fused, so we need a torch.

(transitive, electricity, of a circuit) To have been protected against overcurrent by its fuse melting away, creating a gap in the wire, thus stopping the circuit from operating.


breaker

From Middle English breker, brekere, equivalent to break + -er. Cognate with Dutch breker, German Low German Breker, German Brecher.

буренце

small cask of water in case of shipwreck

breaker panel

(electrical engineering) Ellipsis of circuit breaker.


insulation

en-noun

insulation (countable and uncountable, plural insulations)

/ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/

(electricity) a medium in which it is possible to maintain an electrical field with little supply of energy from additional sources.


sprite

→ Japanese: スプライト (supuraito)

→ Russian: спрайт (sprajt)

From Middle English sprite, spryt, spreyte, from Old French esprit (“spirit”), from Latin spiritus. Doublet of spirit, spiritus, spirytus, spright, and esprit.
(computer graphics): First used by Danny Hillis at Texas Instruments in the late 1970s.
(meteorology): An acronym for Stratospheric Perturbations Resulting from Intense Thunderstorm Electrification.

doublet

(meteorology) A large electrical discharge that occurs high above the cumulonimbus cloud of an active thunderstorm, which appears as a luminous red or orange flash.

紅色精靈 /红色精灵

electrical discharges that occur high above the cumulonimbus cloud of an active thunderstorm

(obsolete) Alternative form of spright (“frame of mind, disposition”)


sprite

en-verb

sprite (third-person singular simple present sprites, present participle spriting, simple past and past participle sprited)

sprites (present singular third-person)
spriting (participle present)
sprited (participle past)
sprited (past)

sprited the new NPCs

(art, informal) To draw a (specifically) pixel art sprite.


troll

Partly:
* from Middle English trol (“demon (?); sorcerer (?)”) [and other forms], from Old Norse trǫll (“conjurer, mage; witch”), from Proto-Germanic *truzlą (“supernatural being; demon, fiend; giant; monster”), probably from *trudaną (“to step on; to tread”) + *-ilą (suffix forming agent nouns); and
* borrowed from Norwegian Bokmål troll, Swedish troll, or Danish trold, from Old Norse trǫll (see above).
Doublet of droll and trow.
Cognates
* Danish fortrylle (“to bewitch”), trylle (“to conjure”)
* Icelandic tröll
* Middle High German trol, trolle (“spook, wraith; ogre, monster”)
* Norwegian fortrylle (“to bewitch”), trylle (“to conjure”)
* Swedish trolla (“to conjure”)

der

(astronomy, meteorology) An optical ejection from the top of the electrically active core region of a thunderstorm that is red in colour that seems to occur after tendrils of vigorous sprites extend downward towards cloudtops.


troll

en-verb

troll (third-person singular simple present trolls, present participle trolling, simple past and past participle trolled)

trolls (present singular third-person)
trolling (participle present)
trolled (participle past)
trolled (past)
troll (infinitive)

Spanish: trolear

The verb is derived from Late Middle English trollen, trolle (“to go about, wander; to move (something) to and fro, rock; to roll; to turn”) [and other forms], from Old French troller, trôler (“to run here and there; to walk aimlessly, ramble, stroll; (hunting) to wander about looking for game”) (modern French troller); further etymology uncertain, possibly related to Middle High German trollen (“to stroll”) (modern German trollen (“(informal) to move slowly, trundle; to push off, toddle off”)), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *truzlōną (“to lumber”), which is probably related to *trudaną (“to step on, tread”) (see further at etymology 1). Doublet of trull.
Verb sense 4.2.2 (“to fish using a line and bait or lures trailed behind a boat”) is possibly influenced by trail and/or trawl
The noun is probably derived from the verb. Noun sense 3 (“person who makes or posts inflammatory or insincere statements in an attempt to lure others into combative argument”) is possibly influenced by troll (etymology 1).
Cognates
* Middle Low German drullen (“to stroll”) (Low German trullen (“to troll”))

laulaa vuoroin

(transitive, intransitive) to sing the parts of (a catch, round, or similar song) in succession

laulella

to sing (a song) freely or in a carefree way, or loudly

tokaista

(transitive, intransitive) to say (something) lightly and quickly

kalastama

(transitive, intransitive) to fish in (a place) using a running fishing line

(obsolete) Often followed by in: to cause (something) to flow or roll in like a stream.

Their young men […] trolled along the brooks that abounded in fish.

1834–1874, George Bancroft, History of the United States, from the Discovery of the American Continent, volume (please specify |volume=I to X), Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company [et al.], →OCLC:

(fishing, Scotland, US) To fish using a line and bait or lures trailed behind a boat similarly to trawling.


lightning rod

/ˈlaɪtnɪŋ ˌɹɒd/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-lightning rod.wav

"My special business is to travel the country for orders for lightning-rods. This is my specimen rod;" tapping his staff; "I have the best of references"-fumbling in his pockets. "In Criggan last month, I put up three-and-twenty rods on only five buildings."

1856, Herman Melville, The Lightning Rod Man:

A metallic conductor that is attached to a high point of a building and leads to the ground to protect the building from damage by lightning.

مَانِعَة صَوَاعِق

metallic conductor that protects from lightning


trip

From Middle English trippen (“tread or step lightly and nimbly, skip, dance”), perhaps from Old French triper (“to hop or dance around, strike with the feet”), from a Frankish source; or alternatively from Middle Dutch trippen (“to skip, trip, hop, stamp, trample”) (> Modern Dutch trippelen (“to toddle, patter, trip”)). Akin to Middle Low German trippen ( > Danish trippe (“to trip”), Swedish trippa (“to mince, trip”)), West Frisian tripje (“to toddle, trip”), German trippeln (“to scurry”), Old English treppan (“to trample, tread”). Related also to trap, tramp.

cog

It's dark because the trip operated.


power inverter

rectifier

antonym(s) of “a device that converts DC electricity to AC”

(electrical engineering) A device that converts direct current electricity to alternating current electricity.

инвертор

a device that converts DC electricity into AC


bond

en-verb

bond (third-person singular simple present bonds, present participle bonding, simple past and past participle bonded)

bonds (present singular third-person)
bonding (participle present)
bonded (participle past)
bonded (past)

A house's distribution panel should always be bonded to the grounding rods via a panel bond.

(transitive, electricity) To make a reliable electrical connection between two conductors (or any pieces of metal that may potentially become conductors).


electric motor

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-electric motor.wav

A motor that converts electrical energy into kinetic energy.


pixie

Uncertain; 17thC, originally in the folklore of southwest England; perhaps diminutive of Swedish pysk (“fairy”); perhaps Puck + -sy; see Wikipedia.

Then she saw pixies — dozens and dozens of pixies — dancing and singing.

2005, Dan Keding, “The Pixies’ Bed”, in Dan Keding, Amy Douglas, editors, English Folktales, page 98:

When she looked around, Mary saw four pixies flying toward her. She had to jump out of the way to avoid being hit. Then the pixies turned around and attacked again.

2005, Kathryn Reyes, Mystery Door Manor and the Dragon Realm, page 72:

The servant that had raised him, an elderly pixie called Rolog, had died. On his deathbed he had called the young Captain to his side. Seeing the pixie dying had had no effect on him.

2007, Jeremy Phillips, The Wizardon Star, page 165:

Tiffy froze as the two pixies looked directly into each other's eyes.
Then Tiffy raised her hand and said, “Hi, I'm Tiffy the Tooth Fairy.” Even though the other pixie lifted her hand too, she didn't answer.

2010, Sandra A. Filbin, The Enchanted World: A Tooth Fairy's Tale, page 49:

(mythology, fantasy literature, fairy tales) A playful sprite or elflike or fairy-like creature.

بِيكْسِي

(astronomy, meteorology) An upper-atmospheric optical phenomenon associated with thunderstorms, a short-lasting pinpoint of light on the surface of convective domes that produces a gnome.

“Have you thought about a haircut? A pixie or a bob?”

2016, Susan Wiggs, Starlight on Willow Lake, page 114:

In a picture posted to Instagram on June 28, the stylish star [Lizzo] showed off her new, lighter brows and a blonde pixie that we suspect comes courtesy of a wig but can't be sure.

2021 June 29, Elizabeth Logan, “Lizzo Just Got a Blonde Pixie and Bleached Her Eyebrows”, in Glamour:


ionic bond

(physical chemistry) A type of chemical bond where two atoms or molecules are connected to each other by electrostatic attraction.

离子键

bond where atoms are connected by electrostatic attraction


ballast

en-noun

ballast (usually uncountable, plural ballasts)

From Middle English bar (“bare”) + last (“load”).

(countable, electricity, electronics) device used for stabilizing current in an electric circuit (e.g. in a tube lamp supply circuit)


serving

serving (countable and uncountable, plural servings)

(countable) A layer added to the outside of an electrical cable to protect it.


oxyanion

(chemistry) Any anion derived from an oxyacid


kilowatt-hour

(electricity) A unit of energy equal to that done by one kilowatt acting for one hour.


water power

water power (usually uncountable, plural water powers)

Advantage has been taken of the abundant natural water-power resources (which compensate, to a large extent, for the absence of coal) and some 660 route miles have been electrified with overhead conductors.

1952 January, “Electrification Progress in Norway”, in Railway Magazine, page 54:

(uncountable) Mechanical or electrical energy derived from running or falling water; originally obtained from a waterwheel immersed in a stream; modern hydroelectric power is obtained from turbines fed from reservoirs.

hydropower

mechanical or electrical power derived from water


winding

winding (countable and uncountable, plural windings)

The noun is derived from Middle English winding, windinge, wyndynge (“directional change, curve, turn; bend of the leg at the knee; meandering course of a river; act of turning and twisting; twisting of things (especially thread) together; wrapping of a cloth around something; wattling of a structure; wattle(s); ornamentation with interwoven patterns; hoisting of something”) [and other forms], and then partly:
* from winden, wynden (“to go, move; to move forcefully or suddenly; to direct, guide, lead; to go along a meandering or twisting course; to move in a circular pattern, revolve, turn; to move restlessly, toss and turn; to wriggle free; to move with a turning or twisting motion, bend, turn, twist; to form or mould (something) in one’s hands; to mix together; to cover; to clothe, dress; to wrap (a baby, a corpse, etc.); to encircle, surround; to bind; to interlace; to winch; (figurative) to conceal, disguise; to embroil, involve”) + -ing, -inge (suffix forming gerund nouns, and the present participle forms of verbs).; and
* from Old English windung (“woven object”), from windan (“to twist, wind; to circle, curl, eddy, spiral”) (from Proto-Germanic *windaną (“to wind; to wrap”), from Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to turn; to wind”)) + -ung (suffix forming nouns denoting a verbal action or something involved in a verbal action).
The adjective is derived from the verb.
The English word is analysable as wind (“to turn coils of (a cord, etc.) around something; to encircle, enfold, entwist, wrap; to travel in a way that is not straight”) + -ing (suffix forming present participial adjectives and verbs, and nouns denoting an action or the embodiment of an action).

suffix

(electrical engineering) A length of wire wound around the armature of an electric motor or the core of an electrical transformer.


wind farm

From wind + farm, from the idea that the wind turbines are “farming” the wind to produce electricity.

Then roughly 176 wind generators of 1.8 megawatts each would be located at each wind farm affecting an area of 15 × 176 or 2640 acres (4.1 sq mi) but directly using only about 176 acres (0.3 sq mi).

1978, Wind Energy Study (Pacific Northwest Region): Final Report, page 204:

The windy weather last weekend set a new renewable power record and resulted in some households being paid to charge their electric cars to help balance the grid. Wind farms in Britain generated more than 16 gigawatts of power for the first time on Sunday evening.

2019 December 10, “Stormy weather blows in new wind power record”, in Chris Evans, editor, The Daily Telegraph, London: Telegraph Media Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 2:

Rob Schofield, proprietor of Nundle's only pub, […] feels that the windfarm could bring a much-needed boost to the town, which lost jobs after the amalgamation of Nundle Shire Council with Tamworth Regional Council.

2021 October 23, Tom Plevey, “Reaping the wind turbines: The little town in the Great Dividing Range split by green energy plan”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-12-02:

A collection of wind turbines, especially a large-scale array, used to generate electricity.

集合型風力発電所

しゅうごうがたふうりょくはつでんしょ


jumper

(electricity) A removable connecting pin on an electronic circuit board.


hydrolysis

en-noun

hydrolysis (countable and uncountable, plural hydrolyses)

(chemistry) A chemical process of decomposition involving the splitting of a bond and the addition of the hydrogen cation and the hydroxide anion of water.


cation

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κᾰτῐόν (kătĭón), neuter present participle of κᾰ́τειμῐ (kắteimĭ, “to go down, come down”), from κᾰτᾰ- (kătă-, “downwards, down, cata-”) + εἶμῐ (eîmĭ, “to go, come”). Coined by English polymath William Whewell in 1834 for Michael Faraday, who introduced it later that year. Equivalent to cat(a)- + ion.

coin

(physical chemistry) a positively charged ion, i.e. one that would be attracted to the cathode in electrolysis


cathode

From Ancient Greek κατα- (kata-, “down”) and ὁδός (hodós, “journey, way”), equivalent to Ancient Greek κάθοδος (káthodos, “way down, descent”). Coined by English polymath William Whewell in 1834 for Michael Faraday, who introduced it later that year. By surface analysis, cath- (alternative form of cata-) + -ode.

surf

(electricity) An electrode, of a cell or other electrically polarized device, through which a positive current of electricity flows outwards (and thus, electrons flow inwards). It can have either a negative or a positive voltage with respect to anode of the same polarized device (depending on whether the device is a load or a source, respectively).

կաթոդ

electrode through which current flows outward

(electronics) That electrode of a semiconductor device which is connected to the n-type material of a p-n junction.


electroconvulsive therapy

en-noun

electroconvulsive therapy (usually uncountable, plural electroconvulsive therapies)

The therapeutic effects of low and high energy electroconvulsive therapies are quite different.

(medicine) A biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient.

電痙攣療法 /电痉挛疗法

biomedical therapy using electrical current


bushing

From bush (“metal lining of the axle hole of a wheel or touch hole of a gun”) + -ing.

suf

(electrical engineering) A lining for an opening through which a conductor passes, providing insulation and mechanical protection for the conductor.

läpivientieristin

electrical engineering: lining to insulate and protect


Fourier transform

en-noun

Fourier transform (plural Fourier transforms)

Named after French mathematician and physicist Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier, who initiated the study of what is now harmonic analysis.

Fourier transforms are not limited to acting on functions of time, but the domain of the original function is commonly called the time domain.

The Fourier transform of a function of time is a complex function of frequency, whose magnitude (absolute value) represents the amount of that frequency present in the original function, and whose argument is the phase offset of the basic sinusoid in that frequency.

Since a separate integration is needed to give each point of the transformed function, the process would become extremely tedious if it were to be attempted manually and many ingenious devices have been invented for preforming Fourier transforms mechanically, electrically, acoustically and optically.

2002, J. F. James, A Student's Guide to Fourier Transforms, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, page 116:

2005, Emmanuel Letellier, Fourier Transforms of Invariant Functions on Finite Reductive Lie Algebras, Springer, Lecture Notes in Mathematics 1859, page 1,
The trigonometric sums of 𝒢^F are thus (up to a scalar) the Fourier transforms of the characteristic functions of the G^F!!-orbits of 𝒢^F.

2012, David Brandwood, Fourier Transforms in Radar and Signal Processing, Artech House, 2nd Edition, page 1,
The Fourier transform is a valuable theoretical technique, used widely in fields such as applied mathematics, statistics, physics, and engineering.

mathematical analysis
mathematical analysis

(mathematical analysis, harmonic analysis, physics, electrical engineering) A particular integral transform that when applied to a function of time (such as a signal), converts the function to one that plots the original function's frequency composition; the resultant function of such a conversion.

Fourier transform
Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier

Fouriertransformatie

mathematics: a type of integral transform


transformer

/tɹɑːnsˈfɔːmə/

While initial reports Thursday traced the glow to a transformer explosion or a fire, Mr. McGee said there was no fire, and there were no transformers involved.

2018 December 28, Michael Gold, “How an Explosion (Not Aliens) Turned New York’s Night Sky an Electric Blue”, in The New York Times:

(electrical engineering) A static device that transfers electric energy from one circuit to another by magnetic coupling; primarily used to transfer energy between different voltage levels, which allows the most appropriate voltages for power generation, transmission and distribution to be chosen separately.

transformator

device that changes the characteristics of AC electricity


photovoltaic effect

electromagnetic radiation
electromagnetic radiation

(physics) the conversion of electromagnetic radiation into electric power through absorption by a semiconducting material

valosähköilmiö

conversion of radiation into electricity


biased

en-adj

biased (comparative more biased, superlative most biased)

more biased (comparative)
most biased (superlative)

(electrical engineering) On which an electrical bias is applied.


electrode

Coined by British scientist Michael Faraday in 1833, first used in his Diary (laboratory notebook) from the Ancient Greek words ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron, “amber”) (from which the word electricity is derived) and ὁδός (hodós, “way”). By surface analysis, electro- + -ode

coin

From my laboratory in the Castle east
To the master bedroom, where the vampires feast
The ghouls all came from their humble abodes
To get a jolt from my electrodes
They did the Mash
They did the Monster Mash.

1962, “Monster Mash”, Bobby "Boris" Pickett and Lenny Capizzi (lyrics), performed by Bobby (Boris) Pickett and The Crypt-Kickers:

The terminal through which electric current passes between metallic and nonmetallic parts of an electric circuit.

elektrodë

the terminal through which electric current passes

A collector or emitter of electric charge in a semiconducting device.


electrode potential

en-noun

electrode potential (plural electrode potentials)

potential difference
potential difference

standard hydrogen electrode
standard hydrogen electrode

(physical chemistry) the potential difference of a half-reaction which occurs across a reversible cell made up of any electrode and a standard hydrogen electrode


standard hydrogen electrode

standard hydrogen electrode (plural standard hydrogen electrodes)

standard electrode potential
standard electrode potential

(physics, chemistry) An electrode with a standard electrode potential of zero; used as a standard against which other electrodes are measured.


lightning conductor

lightning conductor (plural lightning conductors)

(UK) A metallic conductor that is attached to a high point of a building and leads to the ground and protects the building from damage by lightning.


displacement

From French déplacement. Morphologically displace + -ment.

водоизместимост

the quantity of anything, as water, displaced by a floating body, as by a ship

there is no replacement for displacement

(electricity) The transfer of electricity along tubes of induction and thereby polarizing a dielectric.


electrostatic

(electricity) of, relating to, or produced by electrostatics or static electricity

electrostàtic

of, relating to, or producted by electrostatics or static electricity


electrostatics

From electro- + statics. Coined by William Whewell in 1840.

(physics) the branch of physics that deals with static electricity; that is, with the force exerted by an unchanging electric field upon a charged object


static electricity

An electric charge that has built up on an insulated body, often due to friction.

The electric discharge from such a body.


triboelectric effect

triboelectric effect (plural triboelectric effects)

(physics) the generation of static electricity by friction between different materials


surge

From Middle English surgen, possibly from Middle French sourgir, from Old French surgir (“to rise, ride near the shore, arrive, land”), from Old Catalan surgir, from Latin surgō, contraction of surrigō, subrigō (“lift up, raise, erect; intransitive rise, arise, get up, spring up, grow, etc.”, transitive verb), from sub (“from below; up”) + regō (“to stretch”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃réǵeti (“to straighten; right”), from the root *h₃reǵ-; see regent.

der

A power surge at that generator created a blackout across the whole district.

When the diesel was being worked full out, the ammeter normally showed about 1,500-1,600 amps, with occasional surges of current at starting or up the steepest gradients to 1,700 or even 1,800 amps.

1959 March, Cecil J. Allen, “Locomotive Running Past and Present”, in Trains Illustrated, page 132:

(electricity) A sudden electrical spike or increase of voltage and current.


sheet lightning

en-noun

sheet lightning (usually uncountable, plural sheet lightnings)

In most very warm days in summer the thermometer stands above 70 degrees on the scale of Fahrenheit, about the centre of the county; in the summer of 1811, it stood repeatedly above 80°; and on the 25th of May, 1807, during the time when the sheet lightning of tropical regions appeared, about three in the afternoon, it stood at 92° in the shade within three miles of Moffat!

1812, General view of the agriculture, state of property, and improvements in the county of Dumfries:

It probably belongs to the class we are accustomed to call sheet lightnings, for these are by far the most frequent in an ordinary storm.

1859 October 13, “Marvels of Thunder-Storms”, in The Eclectic Magazine of Foreign Literature, Science, and Art, page 216:

The occurrence of sheet lightning in a particular district did not necessarily involve that a thunderstorm was experienced there, for it frequently happened that the storm was a long way off.

1890 January 13, William Marriott, “Second report of the thunderstorm committee”, in Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, volume 16, number 73:

K'iche' diviners believe that they have a kind of soul in their blood in the form of sheet lightning.

2014, Karen Bassie-Sweet, Maya Sacred Geography and the Creator Deities, page 95:

A broad flash of lightning, with no visible bolt, due to reflection.


lightning detector

lightning detector (plural lightning detectors)

A device that provides an alarm to inform its user(s) that lightning has occurred nearby. Specific devices are available for a variety of applications.


CG lightning

Abbreviation of "cloud to ground lightning".

Cloud-to-ground lightning; lightning which connects (attaches) to the ground; lightning which results in the discharge of electricity between a cloud and the ground.


omnidirectional

/ɒmˈnɪdɪˈɹɛk.ʃə.nəl/

The radiation pattern of an omnidirectional antenna looks like a doughnut, with the antenna in the center of the doughnut, as depicted in Figure 17.1.

2004, Harold Davis, Absolute Beginner's Guide to Wi-Fi Wireless Networking, Que Publishing, →ISBN, page 227:

(physics, electrical engineering) Having a ring-shaped radiation pattern, with equal radiation in all azimuthal directions.


ammonium

ammonium (usually uncountable, plural ammoniums)

From New Latin ammōnium. Equivalent to ammonia + -ium.

(inorganic chemistry) The univalent NH₄⁺ cation, derived by the protonation of ammonia


potential difference

potential difference (plural potential differences)

the difference in potential energy between two points in an electric field; the difference in charge between two points in an electrical circuit; voltage


electrophoresis

electrophoresis (countable and uncountable, plural electrophoreses)

(electricity) The migration of electrically charged molecules through a medium under the influence of an electric field.


PD

PD (countable and uncountable, plural PDs)

partial discharge
partial discharge#English

(electricity) Initialism of partial discharge.


direct current

direct current (countable and uncountable, plural direct currents)

direct currents (plural)
DC (abbreviation)

(physics) An electric current that always flows in the same direction but may differ in intensity over time.

tasavirtapiiri

an electric circuit in which voltage and current do not vary with time


alternating current

alternating current (countable and uncountable, plural alternating currents)

alternating currents (plural)
as AC (abbreviation)

(physics) An electric current in which the direction of flow of the electrons reverses periodically.

wisselstroom

electric current that reverses direction periodically

знакопереме́нный ток m периодический двунаправленный переменный ток


inverter

(electrical engineering) A power inverter.


electric field

(electricity, physics) A region of space around a charged particle, or between two voltages, which exerts a force on charged objects in its vicinity.


electric potential

electric potential (countable and uncountable, plural electric potentials)

(electricity) The potential energy per unit charge at a point in a static electric field.


electrochemical potential

The potential energy in an electric cell or battery.


electrochemical cell

electrochemical cell (plural electrochemical cells)

A container containing an electrolyte and two electrodes; used to produce direct current electricity; one or more of them constitute a battery.


electrolyte

electrolyte (countable and uncountable, plural electrolytes)

From electro- + -lyte, from electrolysis. Coined by British scientist Michael Faraday in 1834.

coin

(chemistry) A substance that, in solution or when molten, ionizes and conducts electricity.

էլեկտրոլիտ

substance that ionizes and conducts electricity

Some modern lead-acid batteries are sealed because they never need to have any electrolyte added during their service life.

(chemistry) A solution containing such substances, which therefore also conducts electricity.

(chemistry, often) Any of the various ions in such a solution, or (metonymically) their concentration therein.

Lab tests to consider under these circumstances include serum electrolytes, serum glucose, and urine protein.

(physiology, medicine) Any of the various biometal ions (such as sodium or chloride) that regulate the electric charge on cells and the flow of water across their membranes, or (metonymically) such an ion's concentration in a bodily fluid, usually and especially blood, blood serum, or urine.

elektrolyytti

ion that regulates the electric charge on cells and the flow of water across their membranes


ionize

en-verb

ionize (third-person singular simple present ionizes, present participle ionizing, simple past and past participle ionized)

ionizes (present singular third-person)
ionizing (participle present)
ionized (participle past)
ionized (past)

(physical chemistry) To dissociate atoms or molecules into electrically charged species; to be thus dissociated.

أَيَّنَ

to dissociate atoms or molecules into electrically charged species


electric charge

en-noun

electric charge (countable and uncountable, plural electric charges)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-electric charge.wav

(physics) The static electric energy of a charged body.

(physics) The quantity of unbalanced positive or negative ions in or on an object; measured in coulombs.

електри́чески заря́д

quantity of unbalanced ions in an object

(physics) A quantum number of some subatomic particles which determines their electromagnetic interactions; by convention the electron has an electric charge of −1, the proton +1 and quarks have fractional charge.


receptacle

From Middle English receptacle, from Anglo-Norman receptacle and Middle French receptacle (“organ containing a fluid; gathering place; water basin”) (modern French réceptacle), from Latin receptāculum (“animal enclosure, container, place of refuge, receptacle, repository, reservoir, shelter”), from receptāre (“to harbour, to receive, to shelter”) or receptō (“I receive back or again, I recover”), frequentative of recipiō (“I receive; I hold back, I reserve”) (from re- (“back, again”) + capiō (“I hold”)) + -culum (suffix forming nouns from verbs, particularly nouns representing tools and instruments); cognate with Italian recettaculo, ricettaculo, Portuguese receptáculo, Spanish receptáculo.

der

National Electrical Manufacturers Association

A contact device installed at an outlet for the connection of an attachment plug is a receptacle[…]. A multiple receptacle is a single device consisting of two or more receptacles[…].

2002, Charles R. Miller, “Section 1: Foundational Provisions”, in Illustrated Guide to the National Electrical Code: Based on the 2002 National Electrical Code, 2nd edition, Albany, N.Y.: Delmar Thomson Learning, →ISBN, unit 2 (Definitions), page 22:

Whether you call them outlets, plug-ins, or receptacles, these important devices represent the point where the rubber meets the road in your home wiring system. From the basic 15-amp, 120-volt duplex receptacle to the burly 50-amp, 240-volt appliance receptacle, the many outlets in your home do pretty much the same thing: transmit power to a load.

2008, “Receptacles”, in The Complete Guide to Wiring (Complete Guide series), 4th rev. edition, Minneapolis, Minn.: Creative Publishing International, →ISBN, page 103:

(electricity, US) A contact device installed at an outlet for the connection of an attachment plug (typically by receiving the plug's prongs) to supply portable appliances or equipment.

dugaszalj, dugaszaljzat, konnektoraljzat, csatlakozó aljzat


home run

Spanish: jonrón

Japanese: ホームラン (hōmuran)

Korean: 홈런 (homneon)

Russian: хоум-ра́н (xoum-rán)

(electrical engineering) A connection from a central distribution point or circuit breaker to a destination.


jack plug

(electricity) A type of audio connector.


complex ion

(chemistry) Any ion in which a central metal atom (normally a transition element) is surrounded by a group of ions or molecules (ligands). e.g. ferricyanide.


zwitterion

Unadapted borrowing from German Zwitterion, from Zwitter (“hermaphrodite”) + Ion (“ion”).

ubor

(chemistry) A molecule, such as an amino acid, that carries both a positive and a negative charge.

أيون مزدوج

molecule that carries both a positive and a negative charge


resistivity

en-noun

resistivity (countable and uncountable, plural resistivities)

electrical resistivity
thermal resistance

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-resistivity.wav

(electricity) The resistance offered at a particular temperature by an electrical conductor of any given material in a cube of unit length, expressed in ohm-metres (Ωm) in the metric system of measurement.


short circuit

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-short circuit.wav

(electrical engineering) A usually unintentional connection of low resistance or impedance in a circuit such that excessive and often damaging current flows in it.


socket

From Middle English socket, soket, from Anglo-Norman soket (“spearhead”), diminutive of Old French soc (“plowshare”), from Vulgar Latin *soccus, a word borrowed from Gaulish, from Proto-Celtic *sukkos (compare modern Welsh swch (“plowshare”)), literally "pig's snout", from Proto-Indo-European *suH-.

套接字

computing interprocess communication channel

Each seat must have a 230V socket, a USB socket, a coat hook, reading light and cup holder.

2021 December 29, “Network News: HS2 rolling stock”, in RAIL, number 947, page 7:

(mechanics) An opening into which a plug or other connecting part is designed to fit (e.g. a light bulb socket).

འཁོར་མིག ('khor mig, literally “round hole/eye”)

འཛུགས་ས ('dzugs sa, literally “inserted-place”)

interprocess communication
interprocess communication

(computing) One endpoint of a two-way communication link, used for interprocess communication across a network.

(computing) One endpoint of a two-way named pipe on Unix and Unix-like systems, used for interprocess communication.

A hollow tool for grasping and lifting tools dropped in a well-boring.


SCADA

(electricity, software) Acronym of Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (electrical network typically containing at least IED's, RTU's, and a master station equipped with an HMI. Used to monitor and control process automation systems, such as those used by electrical and water utilities.)


converter

time stretch analog-to-digital converter

(electrical engineering) A device that changes voltage or frequency, for example one that converts alternating current to direct current.


grounded

en-adj

grounded (comparative more grounded, superlative most grounded)

more grounded (comparative)
most grounded (superlative)

From Middle English grounded, i-grounded, equivalent to ground + -ed.

(electricity, Canada, US) Of or pertaining to an electrical conductor which is connected to earth; earthed.


circuitry

en-noun

circuitry (countable and uncountable, plural circuitries)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-circuitry.wav

In the microelectronics area, research and development efforts will concentrate on thin film circuitry, packaging and solid state electronics (work with transistors and the like). [...] The savings in weight over old-fashioned circuitry are important when the cost of items in orbit is figured at $1,000 per pound.

1964 February, William Jury, “Green River Greets the Space Age: Work Begins on New $16,000,000 Research Center”, in Chester Chatfield, editor, The Boeing Magazine, volume XXXIV, number 2, Seattle, Wash.: Public Relations Office, The Boeing Company, →OCLC, page 11, column 3:

The source of that passion [according to René Descartes] is "animal spirits," a circuitry of mechanical energy—blood circulation, heartbeat, muscle tension—whose purpose is not to inform but to protect the body from harm. Although the circuitry operates automatically in animals, in men bodily energies also register on the soul so as to "incite the soul to correct and contribute to the actions which may serve to maintain the body."

1999, Andrea Nye, “Master of Passion”, in The Princess and the Philosopher: Letters of Elisabeth of the Palatine to René Descartes, Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, →ISBN, page 89:

(uncountable) Electrical (or, by extension, other) circuits considered as a group.


PFC

power factor correction
power factor correction#English

(electrical engineering) Initialism of power factor correction.


diazonium

(organic chemistry) any univalent cation, of general formula R-N₂⁺; diazonium salts are used to manufacture azo dyes, and take part in the Sandmeyer reaction


borohydride

(inorganic chemistry) The anion and very strong reducing agent BH₄⁻.


Coulomb's law

(electricity) the fundamental law of electrostatics - the force between two point charges is proportional to the product of their charges, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them


Coulomb's constant

(electricity) the constant of proportionality in the equation of Coulomb's law; numerical value depends on the units used


Coulomb force

(electricity) The electrostatic force between two charges, as described by Coulomb's law.


Coulomb repulsion

(physics) The repulsive force between two positive or two negative charges, as described by Coulomb's law.


Coulomb collision

Coulomb collision (plural Coulomb collisions)

(physics) the interaction between two moving electric charges at close range


Coulomb explosion

Coulomb explosion (plural Coulomb explosions)

(physics) The effect of a molecule moving at high speed striking a solid; binding electrons being torn off, and the resulting charged constituents separating due to Coulomb repulsion.


field emission

field emission (countable and uncountable, plural field emissions)

Field emission was described for the first time at the end of the 19th century. Thorough experiments in the 1920s showed clearly that this emission occurred under high electric field and was not related to thermoelectronic emission.

2006, Annick Loiseau, Understanding Carbon Nanotubes: From Basics to Applications:

(physics) The emission of electrons from a metal or semiconductor, under the influence of a strong electric field, by quantum tunnelling.


electrocute

en-verb

electrocute (third-person singular simple present electrocutes, present participle electrocuting, simple past and past participle electrocuted)

electrocutes (present singular third-person)
electrocuting (participle present)
electrocuted (participle past)
electrocuted (past)

electrocutar

to cause death from immediate complications resulting from electric shock

уби́ть то́ком

to kill with the electric current, accidentally or deliberately

The executioner threw the switch on Old Sparky, and the condemned prisoner was electrocuted for his crimes.

(transitive) To execute by electric shock, often by means of an electric chair.


ionization

en-noun

ionization (countable and uncountable, plural ionizations)

/ˌaɪənɪˈzeɪʃən/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-ionization.wav

(chemistry, physics) Any process that leads to the dissociation of a neutral atom or molecule into charged particles ions; the state of being ionized.


glow discharge

A form of electrical conduction in low-pressure gases (plasmas) that emits light.

cathode dark space

also called Crookes dark space or Hittorf dark space


detection

detection (countable and uncountable, plural detections)

→ German: Detektion

Learned borrowing from Latin dētēctiōnem. By surface analysis, detect + -ion.

lbor

(electrical engineering) The act or process of finding or detecting an electrical signal in a carrier wave.


SOC

en-noun

SOC (countable and uncountable, plural SOCs)

(electricity) Abbreviation of state of charge.


thunderbolt

News of the actress’s death came as a thunderbolt to her fans.

Our quiuering Lances ſhaking in the aire, / And bullets like Ioues dreadfull Thunderbolts, / Enrolde in flames and fiery ſmoldering miſtes, / Shall threat the Gods more than Cyclopian warres, […]

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene iii:

He describes the operation thus: "The heavy ram employed to impart the finishing strokes, hoisted up with double purchase and snail's pace to the summit of the Piling Engine, and then falling down like a thunderbolt on the head of the devoted timber, driving it perhaps a single half inch in to the stratum below, is well calculated to put to the test the virtue of patience, while it illustrates the old adage of—slow and sure."

1952 July, W. R. Watson, “Sankey Viaduct and Embankment”, in Railway Magazine, page 487:

A flash of lightning accompanied by a crash of thunder.

صَاعِقَة

flash of lightning accompanied by thunder

Substitute Niko Kranjcar's injury-time thunderbolt gave Tottenham a dramatic win over Bolton.

2011 February 5, Michael Kevin Darling, “Tottenham 2 - 1 Bolton”, in BBC:

(paleontology) A belemnite, or thunderstone.

(heraldry) A charge in the form of two joined bundles with four rays of lightning emerging from them, resembling the thunderbolt of Jupiter.


thunderbolt

en-verb

thunderbolt (third-person singular simple present thunderbolts, present participle thunderbolting, simple past and past participle thunderbolted)

thunderbolts (present singular third-person)
thunderbolting (participle present)
thunderbolted (participle past)
thunderbolted (past)


pigtail

(electrical engineering) A short length of twisted electrical wire.


electrical engineering

The branch of engineering that deals with the technology of electricity, especially the design and application of circuitry and equipment for power generation and distribution, machine control, and communications.


hydronium

The case of hydronium ions (H₃O⁺) is an example of this. In the gase^([sic]) phase, hydronium is a weak acid. The data in Table 3.10 indicates that bare hydronium ions have a higher electron affinity than most metal surfaces, so a bare hydronium ion should be neutralized when it absorbs on a bare metal surface. However, a hydrated hydronium ion is a stronger acid.

1996, Richard I. Masel, Principles of Adsorption and Reaction on Solid Surfaces, Wiley, page 148:

Acids are compounds that produce hydronium ions when mixed with water.[…]The hydronium ion is a very special ion because it is the defining particle of all acids.

2006, Johanna Holm, Forgotten Chemistry: A Refresher Course, Barron's Educational Series, page 160:

Hydronium is not a way of stabilizing an acid, because the structure itself is so quickly transient that it can be considered as not existing.

2016, Philippe Deprez, Textbook of Chemical Peels: Superficial, Medium, and Deep Peels in Cosmetic Practice, 2nd edition, Taylor & Francis (CRC Press), page 48:

There is experimental evidence for the formation of coordination groups of hydroniums with several water molecules by hydrogen bridges.

2016, Andrés G. Muñoz, Photoelectrochemical Solar Conversion Systems: Molecular and Electronic Aspects, Taylor & Francis (CRC Press), page 206:

(inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry) The hydrated hydrogen ion, H₃O⁺.


nacelle

PIE word
 *néh₂us
Borrowed from French nacelle (“rowing boat, skiff; gondola (of a hot-air balloon, etc.); structure on an aircraft to house an engine”), Middle French nacelle (“rowing boat, skiff”), from Old French nacele, from Late Latin naucella, nāvicella (“small boat or ship”), from Latin nāvis (“a ship”) (from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂us (“a boat”)) + -ella (diminutive suffix).
Cognates
* Anglo-Norman naucele, naucle (“small boat”)
* Late Latin nacella (“small boat”)

bor

(electrical engineering) The part between the rotor and tower of a wind turbine.


delta connection

en-noun

delta connection (plural delta connections)

(electricity) A type of three-phase connection.


daisy chain

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-daisy chain.wav

(electrical engineering) Placing several electrical or electronic devices in series by either their power connections or their data connections or both.


autotransformer

One of the principal features of the ordinary configurations of the transformer [...] is the electrical isolation that exists between the primary and secondary windings. [...] Whenever large transformation ratios are involved, safety demands that ordinary transformers be used. However, in instances where the transformation ratio is close to unity (which minimizes the hazard), a transformer employing a single tapped winding may be used with notable advantages.
[...] This arrangement is called the autotransformer.

1990, Vincent Del Toro, chapter 2, in Basic Electric Machines, →ISBN, page 89:

(electrical engineering) A transformer with a single winding, its output being taken from taps.


quarter-phase

(electricity) Differing in phase by a quarter of a cycle; two-phase.


fusebox

A small distribution board containing the fuses or circuit breakers for a domestic electricity power supply.


third rail

The locomotive third-rail pick up shoes are of the new standard S.R. type. [...] Whenever the locomotive was working hard there was unmistakable evidence of its higher power than its predecessors in the brilliant and explosive arcing between conductor shoes and the third rail; this was particularly vivid in Quarry Tunnel in the down direction, where the display equalled anything we have seen on the frostiest of nights in an electrified third-rail area.

1959 March, “The 2,500 h.p. electric locomotives for the Kent Coast electrification”, in Trains Illustrated, page 125:

Rumour is abroad that, foiled by the Central T.U.C.C. in its attempt to close the Westerham branch, the Southern Region is considering third-rail electrification of the line with second-hand material. [this never happened and the branch closed later in 1961]

1961 March, “Talking of trains”, in Trains Illustrated, page 134:

Although third-rail operation in the region dates back more than a century, it was in the 1970s that tunnels under Liverpool's city centre opened to bring together previously disparate routes.

2023 February 8, Tony Streeter, “Kirkdale: home to Merseyrail's new '777s'”, in RAIL, number 976, page 36:

The electrified rail that runs beside or between train tracks to power electric trains.

tercer carril

the electrified rail that runs beside or between train tracks to power electric trains


isoelectric

Having equal electric potential, or the same number of positive and negative charges.


XOR

(electrical engineering) A logic gate that implements "exclusive or".


three-way switch

three-way switch (plural three-way switches)

Named after its three electrical connections, as opposed to the two connections of a normal light switch.

(US, electricity) A type of light switch that can be arranged in pairs to control lights from two locations, as at either end of a stairway or long hallway; a double-throw switch. (British): two-way switch.


switchboard

(electrical engineering) A large piece of power-distribution equipment that directs electricity to multiple loads.


hydron

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hydron.wav

(chemistry) any hydrogen cation, e.g. a proton (¹H⁺)


charged particle

charged particle (plural charged particles)

(electromagnetism, particle physics) Any particle, especially a subatomic particle, that carries an electric charge.


cyclopentadienyl

(organic chemistry) The univalent anion derived from cyclopentadiene; contains a ring of delocalized electrons; forms metallocene compounds with transition metals.


niobate

(inorganic chemistry) Any salt, XNbO₃, of the weak niobic acid.

niobičnan

any salt, XNbO3, of the weak niobic acid


hydrogen cycle

the electrolysis or solar photolysis of water to give hydrogen and oxygen which are then recombined in a fuel cell to produce electricity


hydrogen-like

(physics, quantum mechanics, chemistry, of an atom or molecule) Having a single electron.


I/O

In addition to the synchronous blocking I/O explored in the last two chapters, NIO also supports nonblocking I/O.

It reduces I/O latency, for selected eligible I/Os, to the point that z/OS no longer needs to undispatch the running task.

2021, Peter Kimmel, Sherri Brunson, Lisa Martinez, IBM DS8900F Performance Best Practices and Monitoring (page 22)

(computing, electrical engineering) Abbreviation of input/output.


cationic

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cationic.wav

(chemistry) of, relating to, or being a cation


alkanium ion

(organic chemistry) Any carbocation obtained by hydrogenation of an alkane.


alkanium

(organic chemistry) any carbocation obtained by hydrogenation of an alkane


carbocation

Any cation containing an excess positive charge on one or more carbon atoms


bridged carbocation

bridged carbocation (plural bridged carbocations)

(organic chemistry) Any carbenium ion in which the positive charge is distributed among two or more carbon atoms, and the structure is best represented by one in which a hydrogen atom, or hydrocarbon residue, bridges these carbon atoms.


carbonium ion

(organic chemistry) a carbenium ion or any carbocation


carbenium ion

(physical chemistry) any carbocation containing a tervalent carbon atom


methanium

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-methanium.wav

(chemistry) the carbocation, CH₅⁺, derived by the hydrogenation of methane


amidium ion

Any cation formed by the addition of a proton to the nitrogen or oxygen atom of an amide or derivative.


amine oxide

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compound formed by addition of an oxygen atom to an amine - R₃N⁺-O⁻, but sometimes written R₃N=O.


aminium ion

A cation formed by protonation of an amine - R₃NH⁺.


aminoxide

(organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry) the anion H₂NO⁻, and its derivatives R₂NO⁻, formed from hydroxylamines by loss of a proton

aminóxido

anion formed from hydroxylamines by loss of a proton


arenium ion

(organic chemistry) Any cation formed by the addition of a proton or other cationic species to an arene.


arsanylium ion

(inorganic chemistry) the cation H₂As⁺ derived from arsine

(organic chemistry) any organic derivative of this cation


arsonium compound

arsonium compound (plural arsonium compounds)

quaternary ammonium compound
quaternary ammonium compound

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry) Any compound containing a cation of general formula R₄As⁺; the arsenic analog of quaternary ammonium compounds.


benzenium ion

(organic chemistry) Any arenium ion derived from benzene or its derivatives.


benzenonium ion

benzenonium ion (plural benzenonium ions)

(obsolete, organic chemistry) A benzenium ion.


arsonium

(inorganic chemistry) The univalent AsH₄⁺ cation, derived from arsine.


bismuthonium

(inorganic chemistry) The univalent BiH₄⁺ cation, derived from bismuthane.


bromonium

The univalent H₂Br⁺ cation, derived from bromane.


chloronium

(chemistry) the univalent H₂Cl⁺ cation, derived from chlorane


fluoronium

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fluoronium.wav

(chemistry) the univalent H₂F⁺ cation, derived from fluorane.


iodonium

iodonium (countable and uncountable, plural iodoniums)

(inorganic chemistry) The univalent H₂I⁺ cation, derived from iodane


oxonium

(inorganic chemistry) Any univalent oxygen cation derived from water, the simplest of which is the hydronium ion (H₃O⁺).


halonium ion

(chemistry) Any cation of the general formula R₂X⁺, where X is any halogen.


bromonium ion

(chemistry) Any halonium ion in which the halogen is bromine.


chloronium ion

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry) any halonium ion in which the halogen is chlorine


fluoronium ion

(chemistry) any halonium ion in which the halogen is fluorine


iodonium ion

(chemistry) Any halonium ion in which the halogen is iodine


carbanion

(organic chemistry) any organic anion of general formula R₃C⁻


isocyanide

(organic chemistry) Any of its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC.


degree of ionization

degree of ionization (plural degrees of ionization)

(physical chemistry) the ratio of the number of ions of a solute to the total number of molecules of that solute in a solution


tropylium

tropylium (usually uncountable, plural tropyliums)

(organic chemistry) The delocalized carbenium ion cycloheptatrienylium, C₇H₇⁺, derived from cycloheptatriene, or any of its derivatives.


tapping

tapping (countable and uncountable, plural tappings)

The essential feature is that two adjacent transformer tappings are connected to the load simultaneously, each connection having a self-excited transductor in series; […].

1962 June, “Talking of Trains: Notable new locomotives”, in Modern Railways, page 373:

(electrical engineering) A connection made to some point between the end terminals of a transformer coil or other component.


electrolytic

A battery, capacitor or other similar device


boride

(inorganic chemistry) any binary compound of boron and a more electropositive element


carbinyl

(obsolete, physical chemistry) carbenium ion


fulgurous

/ˈfʊl.ɡɪə.ɹəs/


bisulfide

(chemistry) (dated) Disulfide, the anion ⁻S–S⁻.


power line

An electrical wire, cable or conduit, suspended in air by utility poles or transmission towers, or buried underground, used for the carrying of electricity either from a power source such as a generating station to a substation, or from a substation to a building such as a plant, commercial building or a home.

خَطّ اَلطَّاقَة

ḵaṭṭ aṭ-ṭāqa


utility pole

A utility pole shone yellow like a sick bruise high up over them.

2023, Brandon Taylor, The Late Americans, Jonathan Cape, page 34:

A tall cylinder, often made from the trunk of a tree, usually topped by a cross beam, used by a public utility to carry wire, cable or conduit through the air, for the transportation of electricity, cable television, telephone or similar services.


harmonium

Borrowed from French harmonium, a term coined by French inventor Alexandre Debain in 1840.

coin

The only other man was a little grey-headed fellow with a pleasant face and quick, twinkling eyes, who sat at a harmonium in the corner.

1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “Which Describes Some Strange Doings in Hammersmith”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:

They were a grave and reverend seignior in a frock coat, a lady sitting at a portable harmonium, and a chinless youth toying with a crucifix.

1933 January 9, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Down and Out in Paris and London, London: Victor Gollancz […], →OCLC, page 244:

It [Troutbeck] has religious isolation also, for it is several miles—and very strenuous miles in winter—from the parish church at Mungrisdale, and the introduction of the harmonium to the waiting room was due to the zeal of a vicar of many years ago who, in the absence of any other room in the village, obtained permission to use the premises for services, including Sunday School. Most of his successors have continued this self-sacrificing duty.

1951 October, “Notes and News: The Harmonium at Troutbeck”, in Railway Magazine, page 709:

(music) A small keyboard instrument that consists of a series of reed pipes, which sound when one of the keys is pressed to open a valve that allows air to pass through.