bench

→ Hindi: बेंच (beñc)

→ Japanese: ベンチ (benchi)

→ Korean: 벤치 (benchi)

→ Swahili: benchi

→ Urdu: بِنْچ (binc)

From Middle English bench, benk, bynk, from Old English benċ (“bench”), from Proto-West Germanic *banki, from Proto-Germanic *bankiz (“bench”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg-.
Cognate with Scots benk, bink (“bench”), West Frisian bank (“bench”), Dutch bank (“bench”), German Bank (“bench”), Danish bænk (“bench”), Swedish bänk (“bench”), Icelandic bekkur (“bench”). Doublet of banc, banco, and bank.

эскәмйә

sports: where players sit when not playing

2008, Lou Schuler, "Foreward", in Nate Green, Built for Show, page xii
I had no bench or power rack, so by necessity every exercise I did started with the weights on the floor.

A horizontal padded surface, usually adjustable in height and inclination and often with attached weight rack, used for proper posture during exercise.

بِنْش

weightlifting: horizontal padded surface with a weight rack


bench

He became frustrated when his bench increased by only 10 pounds despite a month of training.

(weightlifting) The weight one is able to bench press, especially the maximum weight capable of being pressed.


balance beam

(gymnastics) A gymnastics apparatus, a narrow wooden rail used in artistic (athletic) gymnastics.


floor exercise

(gymnastics) A performance on a mat-covered floor using no apparatus.


Romanian

en-noun

Romanian (countable and uncountable, plural Romanians)

I think there was this one Black guy in there who was practically crying.
I swear I could hear Sir Mixalot in my head whenever I did Romanians.

2010 March 24, Built, “With the big boyz...”, in IronMag Forums:

I did Romanians for a year and worked up to 250 for sets of 5. I couldn't take the DOMS anymore and dropped them.

2015 April 15, OZ-USF-UFGator, “diract Back work: Are Deadlifts and chin ups enough”, in Starting Strength Forum:

Romanian deadlift
Romanian deadlift#English

(countable, weightlifting, slang) Ellipsis of Romanian deadlift.


Bulgarian

Bulgarian (countable and uncountable, plural Bulgarians)

Yes, Bulgarians attack glutes (and this one does too!) but all the pauses and pulses in this series will also exhaust your quads.

2020 October 27, Ebenezer Samuel, “These 10 Moves Will Build Monster Quads”, in Men's Health:

Bulgarian split squat
Bulgarian split squat#English

(countable, exercise) Ellipsis of Bulgarian split squat.


qigong

qigong (usually uncountable, plural qigongs)

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 氣功 /气功 (qìgōng, “breath work, qi work”).

bor

Some people may suddenly speak a language and speak it quite fluently. However, it is not a language of human society. What can it be called? It can be called "cosmic language" (宇宙語). Actually it is nothing but a language of subtle beings in a space only a little bit higher than ours. Now quite a few of qigong practitioners in China have had such an experience. Some can even speak several such languages.

1998 May, Li HongZhi, CHINA FALUN GONG (REVISED EDITION) (English Version), Hong Kong: Falun Fo Fa Publishing Co., →ISBN, →OCLC, page 29:

My patients laud qigong as a stressbuster and cure for pesky chronic symptoms that baffle doctors.

2004, Judith Orloff, Positive Energy, page 112:

alternative medicine
alternative medicine

(fitness, alternative medicine) A Chinese system of breathing control, physical exercise and meditation.


jerk

Probably from Middle English yerk (“sudden motion”) and Middle English yerkid (“tightly pulled”), from Old English ġearc (“ready, active, quick”) and Old English ġearcian (“to prepare, make ready, procure, furnish, supply”). Cognate with Scots yerk (“to jerk”). Related also to English yare (“ready”).

inh

Because oral sex deprecation and anti-gay bias both have long histories among humans

many of the words for "contemptible person" come from literal terms for anyone who performs oral sex or performs anal sex; see overlap at Thesaurus:gay man

(weightlifting) A lift in which the weight is taken with a quick motion from shoulder height to a position above the head with arms fully extended and held there for a brief time.


jerk

en-verb

jerk (third-person singular simple present jerks, present participle jerking, simple past and past participle jerked)

jerks (present singular third-person)
jerking (participle present)
jerked (participle past)
jerked (past)

(usually transitive, weightlifting) To lift using a jerk.


fed

(weightlifting, colloquial) A federation in which powerlifters organize to compete.


fly

From Middle English flye, flie, from Old English flȳġe, flēoge (“a fly”), from Proto-Germanic *fleugǭ (“a fly”), from Proto-Indo-European *plewk- (“to fly”). Cognate with Scots flee, Saterland Frisian Fljooge, Dutch vlieg, German Low German Fleeg, German Fliege, Danish flue, Norwegian Bokmål flue, Norwegian Nynorsk fluge, Swedish fluga, Icelandic fluga.

you attract more flies with honey than vinegar

you can catch more flies with honey than vinegar

you can catch more flies with honey than with vinegar

you catch more flies with honey than vinegar

you catch more flies with honey than with vinegar

(weightlifting) A chest exercise performed by moving extended arms from the sides to in front of the chest. (also flye)


fly

From Middle English flye (“flying, flight”), from Old English flyge (“flying, flight”), from Proto-Germanic *flugiz.

дюкян

strip that hides the opening of trousers/pants or underpants

(weightlifting) An exercise that involves wide opening and closing of the arms perpendicular to the shoulders.


hold

Derived from Middle English holden, derived from Old English healdan, derived from Proto-West Germanic *haldan, derived from Proto-Germanic *haldaną (“to tend, herd”), maybe derived from Proto-Indo-European *kel- (“to drive”).
Cognates
*West Frisian hâlde
*Low German holden, holen
*Dutch houden
*German halten
*Danish
*Norwegian Bokmål holde
*Norwegian Nynorsk halda.
Compare Latin celer (“quick”), Tocharian B käl- (“to goad, drive”), Ancient Greek κέλλω (kéllō, “to drive”), Sanskrit कलयति (kalayati, “to impel”).

der+

(exercise) An exercise involving holding a position for a set time


weight

en-noun

weight (countable and uncountable, plural weights)

Belizean Creole: wayt

→ Japanese: ウエイト (ueito)

→ Burmese: ဝိတ် (wit)

From Middle English weight, weiȝte, weght, wight, from Old English wiht, ġewiht (“weight”), from Proto-Germanic *wihtiz ("weight"; compare *weganą (“to move”)), from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to move; pull; draw; drive”). Equivalent to weigh + -th.
Cognate with Scots wecht, weicht (“weight”), Saterland Frisian Wächte (“scale”), Gewicht (“weight”), West Frisian gewicht (“weight”), Dutch gewicht (“weight”), German Low German Wicht, Gewicht (“weight”), German Wucht (“massiveness, force”), Gewicht (“weight”).

gloss

"weight"; compare <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*weganą</i> (“to move”)

inh

He's working out with weights.

(weightlifting) An object, such as a weight plate or barbell, used for strength training.


set

From Middle English set, sete, sette (“that which is set, the act of setting, seat”), from Old English set (“setting, seat, a place where people remain, habitation, camp, entrenchment, a place where animals are kept, stall, fold”) and Old English seten (“a set, shoot, slip, branch; a nursery, plantation; that which is planted or set; a cultivated place; planting, cultivation; a setting, putting; a stopping; occupied land”), related to Old English settan (“to set”). Compare Middle Low German gesette (“a set, suite”), Old English gesetl (“assembly”). According to Skeat, in senses denoting a group of things or persons, representing an alteration of sept, from Old French sette (“a religious sect”), from Medieval Latin secta (“retinue”), from Latin secta (“a faction”). See sect. It is quite possible that the modern word is more of a merger between both, however.

cog

Meronym: reps

This is the fourth set of benchpresses.

1974, Charles Gaines, George Butler, Pumping Iron: The Art and Sport of Bodybuilding, page 22:

(exercise) A group of repetitions of a single exercise performed one after the other without rest.


clean

From Middle English clene, clane, from Old English clǣne (“clean, pure”), from Proto-West Germanic *klainī (“shining, fine, splendid, tender”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *glēy- (“gleaming”), from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to gleam”). Cognate with Scots clean (“absolute, pure, clear, empty”) and clene, clane (“clean”), North Frisian klien (“small”), West Frisian klien (“small”), klean (“clean”), Dutch klein (“small”), Low German kleen (“small”), German klein (“small”), Swedish klen (“weak, feeble, delicate”), Icelandic klénn (“poor, feeble, petty, snug, puny, cheesy, lame”).

cog

(weightlifting) The first part of the event clean and jerk in which the weight is brought from the ground to the shoulders.

изтласкване

first part of "clean and jerk" weightlifting


iron

en-noun

iron (countable and uncountable, plural irons)

From Middle English iren, from Old English īsern, īsærn, īren, īsen, from Proto-West Germanic *īsarn, from Proto-Germanic *īsarną (“iron”), from Proto-Celtic *īsarnom (“iron”), a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”).

He lifts iron on the weekends.

(weightlifting) Weight used as resistance for the purpose of strength training.


plate

→ Maori: pereti

→ Hindi: प्लेट (pleṭ)

From Middle English plate, from Old French plate, from Medieval Latin plata, from Vulgar Latin *plat(t)us, from Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús, “broad, flat, wide”). Compare Spanish plato.
(foot): Cockney rhyming slang, from "plates of meat" for "feet".

der

(weightlifting) A weighted disk, usually of metal, with a hole in the center for use with a barbell, dumbbell, or exercise machine.


slingshot

(powerlifting) An implement of a broad fabric worn around and connecting both bicipites brachii to support benching the most heavy weights.


gym

Near-synonyms: health club, sports club

hit the gym

He's been hitting the gym a lot. He has a membership at a commercial gym and also a bit of a home gym.

Working out in commercial gyms, if anything, made my workouts worse instead of better.

2008, Lou Schuler, “Foreward”, in Nate Green, Built for Show, page xii:

Pete, I want to work out. Where is the gym?
Audio (US): (file)

2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)

(especially weightlifting) A sports facility specialized for lifting weights, cardio machines, and other exercise (culturally differentiated from sense 1).

gimnasium

sporting facility specialized for lifting weights and exercise

헬스클럽 (helseukeulleop, literally “health club”)


row

From Middle English rowen (“to row”), from Old English rōwan (“to row”), from Proto-Germanic *rōaną (“to row”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁- (“to row”). Compare West Frisian roeie, Dutch roeien, Danish ro. More at rudder. Related to Russia.

(weightlifting) An exercise performed with a pulling motion of the arms towards the back.


workout

The following guidelines for smart weekly scheduling can simplify this piece of the planning: Swim three or four workouts each week.

2008, Jim Montgomery, Mo Chambers, Mastering Swimming, page 157:

An exercise session; a period of physical exercise.

məşq

an exercise session; a period of physical exercise


spot

→ Catalan: espot

From Middle English spot, spotte, partially from Middle Dutch spotte (“spot, speck”), and partially merging with Middle English splot, from Old English splott (“spot, plot of land”), from Proto-West Germanic *splott, from Proto-Germanic *spluttaz (“segment”), from Proto-Indo-European *splt-no- (“an off-split, segment”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pel- (“to split”). Cognate with North Frisian spot (“speck, piece of ground”), Low German spot (“speck”), Old Norse spotti (“small piece”). See also splot, splotch.

cog

(gymnastics, dance, weightlifting) One who spots (supports or assists a maneuver, or is prepared to assist if safety dictates); a spotter.


spot

en-verb

spot (third-person singular simple present spots, present participle spotting, simple past and past participle spotted)

spots (present singular third-person)
spotting (participle present)
spotted (participle past)
spotted (past)

I can’t do a back handspring unless somebody spots me.

There had not been time to build handrails, so lines of women spotted the sides of the ramp.

1989 April 15, Angela Bowen, “Towards a National Lesbian Conference”, in Gay Community News, page 2:

(transitive, gymnastics, dance, weightlifting, climbing) To support or assist a maneuver, or to be prepared to assist if safety dictates.


snatch

From Middle English snacchen, snecchen, from Old English *snæċċan, *sneċċan, from Proto-West Germanic *snakkijan, from Proto-Germanic *snakkijaną, *snakkōną (“to nibble, snort, chatter”); see *snūtaz (“snout”).
Cognate with Dutch snakken (“to sob, pant, long for”), Low German snacken (“to chatter”), German schnacken (“to chat”), Norwegian snakke (“to chat”). Related to snack.

cog

(weightlifting) A competitive weightlifting event in which a barbell is lifted from the platform to locked arms overhead in a smooth continuous movement.


work out

en-verb

work out (third-person singular simple present works out, present participle working out, simple past and past participle worked out)

works out (present singular third-person)
working out (participle present)
worked out (participle past)
worked out (past)

John won't be here for a while because he's working out.

Wow, you're looking good! Do you work out?

(intransitive) To exercise, especially by lifting weights.


press

en-noun

press (countable and uncountable, plural presses)

From Middle English presse (“throng, crowd, clothespress”), partially from Old English press (“clothespress”) (from Medieval Latin pressa) and from Old French presse (Modern French presse) from Old French presser (“to press”), from Latin pressāre, from pressus, past participle of premere (“to press”). Displaced native Middle English thring (“press, crowd, throng”) (from Old English þring (“a press, crowd, anything that presses or confines”)).

cog

This is the fourth set of benchpresses. There will be five more; then there will be five sets of presses on an inclined bench[…].

(countable, weightlifting) An exercise in which weight is forced away from the body by extension of the arms or legs.


oblique

From Middle French oblique, from Latin oblīquus (also spelled oblīcus) (“slanting, sideways, indirect, envious”).

uder

(exercise) The musculus obliquus externus abdominis or also obliquus internus abdominis.


puck

→ Danish: puck

→ German: Puck

→ Swedish: puck

From or influenced by Irish poc (“stroke in hurling, bag”). Compare poke (1861).


plough

→ Fiji Hindi: falaawaa

From Middle English plouh, plow, plugh(e), plough(e), plouw, from Old English plōh (“hide of land, ploughland”) and Old Norse plógr (“plough (the implement)”), both from Proto-Germanic *plōgaz, *plōguz (“plough”). Cognate with Scots pleuch, plou, North Frisian plog, West Frisian ploech, Low German Ploog, Dutch ploeg, Russian плуг (plug), German Pflug, Danish plov, Swedish and Norwegian plog, Icelandic plógur. Replaced Old English sulh (“plough, furrow”); see sullow.

der

(yoga) A yoga pose resembling a traditional plough, halāsana.


sit-up

Susan's doing sit-ups to strengthen her muscles.

An exercise in which the abdominal muscles are contracted, bringing the torso of a person lying down to a more upright position.


prana

en-noun

prana (countable and uncountable, plural pranas)

From Sanskrit प्राण (prāṇa, “breath; life”).

He it is who sends the (in-coming) Prana (life-breath) upward and throws the (out-going) breath downward.

1919, Swami Paramananda, transl., The Upanishads:

He who knows Aditi, who rises with Prana (the Life Principle), existent in all the Devas.

May my limbs, speech, Prana (life-force), sight, hearing, strength and all my senses, gain in vigor.

(Hinduism, yoga) Respiration, breathing, seen as a life principle or life force.


curl

From metathesis of Middle English crulle (“curled, curly”), from Middle Dutch crul, crulle (“curl”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kruzlǭ (“bent or crooked object, curl”), of unknown origin; possibly from Pre-Germanic *grus-, contracted from Proto-Indo-European *gurus- (“twist, curl”), same source as Persian گرس (gors, “braid of hair”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Krulle (“curl, lock”), West Frisian krul (“curl”), Dutch krul (“curl”), German Low German Krull (“curl”), dialectal German Krolle (“curl”), Danish krølle (“curl”), Norwegian krull (“curl”). Related also to Saterland Frisian Kruus (“curl”), German kraus (“frizzy, crumpled, curly”), Danish krus (“curl”), Swedish krusa (“to crimp, curl”). Compare also Gothic 𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽 (kriustan, “to grind, crush, gnash”).

unk

unknown

cog

Now do a curl and an overhead press, keeping your palms facing in.

2007 (Jan/Feb), Jon Crosby, "Your Winter Muscle Makeover", Men's Health, page 54

(weightlifting) Any exercise performed by bending the arm, wrist, or leg on the exertion against resistance, especially those that train the biceps.


curl

en-verb

curl (third-person singular simple present curls, present participle curling, simple past and past participle curled)

curls (present singular third-person)
curling (participle present)
curled (participle past)
curled (past)

straighten

antonym(s) of “to make into a curl or spiral”

straighten

antonym(s) of “to assume the shape of a curl or spiral”

→ Kashubian: kurlowac (Canada)

unk

unknown

When curling the weight, bring the barbell up toward the chin, then return it to its starting position. Keep your elbows and upper arms as immobile as possible to isolate the biceps.

2008, Joseph Lee Klapper, The Complete Idiot's Guide to Boosting Your Metabolism, page 119:

(transitive, weightlifting) To exercise by bending the arm, wrist, or leg on the exertion against resistance, especially of the biceps.

pumpata

weightlifting: to exercise by bending on the exertion


jigger

→ Catalan: gigre

From jig + -er (agent suffix). Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary suggests a possible link to Old High German gīga (“fiddle”).

(golf, dated) A golf club used to play low flying shots to the putting green from short distances.


rep

en-noun

rep (countable and uncountable, plural reps)

Clippings of various words beginning with rep.

Holonym: sets

I get a better bicep workout if I use less weight and more reps.

(weightlifting, countable) Clipping of repetition.


rep

en-verb

rep (third-person singular simple present reps, present participle repping, simple past and past participle repped)

reps (present singular third-person)
repping (participle present)
repped (participle past)
repped (past)

(transitive, weightlifting) To lift for multiple reps.


extension

en-noun

extension (countable and uncountable, plural extensions)

From Middle English extensioun, from Old French estension, from Latin extensiō, extensiōnem.

(weightlifting) An exercise in which an arm or leg is straightened against resistance.


treadmill

From tread + mill. Figurative senses refer to how running on a treadmill requires continued effort and motion in order to remain in the same place.

A piece of indoor sporting equipment used to allow for the motions of running or walking while staying in one place.


glute

The hamstrings also get worked in a number of quad and glute moves.

2010, Adam Garett, “Fried Hams”, in Reps!, 17:23:

(exercise, colloquial) A gluteal muscle.


good morning

/ˌɡʊd ˈmɔːnɪŋ/

/ˌɡʊd ˈmɔɹnɪŋ/

From Middle English gud mornynge (also as goode morne, gode morne), from Old English *gōdne morgen (“good morning”), an ellipsis for an expression such as "I wish you a good morning", equivalent to good + morning. Compare West Frisian goeie moarn, Dutch goedemorgen, German guten Morgen, Danish god morgen, Swedish god morgon, Icelandic góðan morgunn.

inh

(weightlifting) An exercise performed by bending forward at the waist and then returning to a standing posture, while bearing a barbell or resistance band across the shoulders.


crunch

From earlier craunch, cranch, of imitative origin.

But even I draw the line at “doing crunches” in designer clothes. Fashion sneakers are for swanking around the shops, not for running in. And so, like everyone else, I wear grotty old tracksuits earmarked for Oxfam, and tragic free festival T-shirts that give away my age.

2017 November 16, Jo Ellison, “Help: the gym has turned us into slobs”, in Financial Times:

(exercise) A form of abdominal exercise, based on a sit-up but in which the lower back remains in contact with the floor.

捲腹 /卷腹

form of abdominal exercise based on a sit-up


squat

From Middle English squatten, from Old French esquatir, escatir (“compress, press down, lay flat, crush”), from es- (“ex-”) + quatir (“press down, flatten”), from Vulgar Latin *coactire (“press together, force”), from Latin coāctus, perfect passive participle of cōgō (“force together, compress”).
The sense “nothing” may be the source or a derivation of diddly-squat.

uder

(exercise) Any of various modes of callisthenic exercises performed by moving the body and bending at least one knee.

The king of all quad exercises, and arguably the best single-weight resistance exercise, is the squat.

2001, Robert Wolff, Robert Wolff's Book of Great Workouts: Everything You Need to Know to Vary Your Routine and Keep You Motivated, Lincolnwood and Chicago, Ill.: Contemporary Books, →ISBN, pages 58–59:

barbell back squat
barbell back squat#English

(weightlifting) A specific exercise in weightlifting performed by bending deeply at the knees and then rising (back squat), especially with a barbell resting across the shoulders (barbell back squat).


squat

en-verb

squat (third-person singular simple present squats, present participle squatting, simple past and past participle squatted)

squats (present singular third-person)
squatting (participle present)
squatted (participle past)
squatted (past)

(exercise) To perform one or more callisthenic exercises by moving the body and bending at least one knee.

For those who are having, or have had, trouble squatting we suggest learning how to squat by performing the front squat […] The front squat allows you almost no alternative but to perform the exercise correctly.

1994, Kurt Brungardt, Mike Brungardt, Brett Brungardt, The Complete Book of Butt and Legs, New York, N.Y.: Villard Books, →ISBN, page 161:

(weightlifting) To exercise by bending deeply at the knees and then rising, while bearing weight across the shoulders or upper back.


elastic band

A small, narrow loop of rubber or similar material used to hold items or body parts together.


negative

From Middle English negative, negatif, from Old French negatif, from Latin negātīvus (“that denies, negative”), from negāre (“to deny”); see negate.

der

(weightlifting) A repetition performed with a weight in which the muscle begins at maximum contraction and is slowly extended; a movement performed using only the eccentric phase of muscle movement.


progression

en-noun

progression (countable and uncountable, plural progressions)

/pɹəˈɡɹɛʃən/

(exercise) The process of making an exercise more strenuous by manipulating the details of its performance like loaded weight, range of motion, angle, speed.


exercise

exercise (countable and uncountable, plural exercises)

From Middle English exercise, from Old French exercise, from Latin exercitium.

The teacher told us that the next exercise is to write an essay.

Where noyse of armes, or vew of martiall guize / Might not reuiue desire of knightly exercize.

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 25:

an exercise of the eyes and memory

1693, [John Locke], “§178”, in Some Thoughts Concerning Education, London: […] A[wnsham] and J[ohn] Churchill, […], →OCLC:

(countable) Any activity designed to develop or hone a skill or ability.

ushtrim

any activity designed to develop or hone a skill or ability

Swimming is good exercise.

I like to do my exercises every morning before breakfast.

I do crosswords for mental exercise.

This new-comer was a man who in any company would have seemed striking.[…]He was smooth-faced, and his fresh skin and well-developed figure bespoke the man in good physical condition through active exercise, yet well content with the world's apportionment.

1910, Emerson Hough, chapter I, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

Regular mental exercise keeps the circuits of the brain active and healthy and reduces the risk of dementia.

2018, Timothy R. Jennings, The Aging Brain, →ISBN, page 107:

(countable, uncountable) Activity intended to improve physical, or sometimes mental, strength and fitness.

تَمْرِين

physical activity intended to improve strength and fitness

The law guarantees us the free exercise of our rights.

December 8, 1801, Thomas Jefferson, first annual message
exercise of the important function confided by the constitution to the legislature

O we will walk this world, / Yoked in all exercise of noble end.

1847, Alfred Tennyson, “(please specify the page number, or |part=Prologue, I to VII, or conclusion)”, in The Princess: A Medley, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC:

A setting in action or practicing; employment in the proper mode of activity; exertion; application; use.


exercise

en-verb

exercise (third-person singular simple present exercises, present participle exercising, simple past and past participle exercised)

exercises (present singular third-person)
exercising (participle present)
exercised (participle past)
exercised (past)

The tenant exercised his option to renew the tenancy.

She is going to exercise her right to vote.

The people of the land haue vsed oppression, and exercised robbery, and haue vexed the poore and needie: yea, they haue oppressed the stranger wrongfully.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ezekiel 22:29:

(transitive) To use (a right, an option, etc.); to put into practice.

And herein doe I exercise my selfe to haue alwayes a conscience void of offence toward God, and toward men.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 24:16:

Little disappointed, then, she turned attention to "Chat of the Social World," gossip which exercised potent fascination upon the girl's intelligence.

1914 November, Louis Joseph Vance, “An Outsider […]”, in Munsey’s Magazine, volume LIII, number II, New York, N.Y.: The Frank A[ndrew] Munsey Company, […], published 1915, →OCLC, chapter I (Anarchy), page 373, column 2:

(obsolete) To set in action; to cause to act, move, or make exertion; to give employment to.


dip

en-noun

dip (countable and uncountable, plural dips)

From Middle English dippen, from Old English dyppan, from Proto-West Germanic *duppjan, from Proto-Germanic *dupjaną; see *daupijaną (“to dip”). Related to deep.

(bodybuilding) A gymnastic or bodybuilding exercise on parallel bars in which the performer, resting on his hands, lets his arms bend and his body sink until his chin is level with the bars, and then raises himself by straightening his arms.


yoga

yoga (countable and uncountable, plural yogas)

Borrowed from Sanskrit योग (yóga, “yoking, union”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *yáwgas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yáwgas, from Proto-Indo-European *yéwg-o-s, from *yewg- (“to join”) (whence also yoke).

Any of several Hindu or Buddhist disciplines aimed at training the consciousness for a state of perfect spiritual insight and tranquillity; especially a system of exercises practiced to promote control of the body and mind.


thug

From Hindi ठग (ṭhag, “swindler, fraud, cheat”).
Thuggee was a network of gangs in India from the 17th century to the 19th century who robbed and murdered travellers, often by strangling and beating their victims to death. During British Imperial rule of India, many Indian words passed into common English, and by 1810 thug referred to a member of these Indian gangs. The sense was adopted more generally as "ruffian, cutthroat, and cruel robber" by 1839. Related to English thatch, deck.

rampokker

someone who treats others violently or roughly

I pushed up out of my chaise and headed for the miniten court. Leah handed me her thug as I walked past her.

2021, Anna Durand, Natural Satisfaction:

A wooden bat used in the game of miniten, fitting around the player's hand.


fartlek

en-noun

fartlek (countable and uncountable, plural fartleks)

Borrowed from Swedish fartlek, from fart (“speed”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to go through; to carry forth, fare”)) + lek (“child’s play”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *leyg- (“to jump around, run around; to frolic, play; to dance; to jitter, shake”)).

der

In an article in Athletics Journal, Paul A. Smith described fartlek as "a continuous overdistance run with numerous faster-paced interval runs interspersed, until the runner feels tired, but not exhausted." Smith claimed that because fartlek existed in the mind of the runner as a form of play, it deemphasized the feeling or perception of fatigue. […] In a typical fartlek workout, you pick some landmark such as a tree or a bush and sprint to it, then jog until you've recovered.

1992, Hal Higdon, “Fartlek: A Time-tested Treasure”, in Kathleen A. Becker, editor, Run Fast: How to Train for a 5-K or 10-K Race, Emmaus, Pa.: Rodale Press, →ISBN, pages 128–129:

An athletic training technique, used especially in running, in which periods of intense effort alternate with periods of less strenuous effort in a continuous workout.

vauhtileikittely

training technique in which periods of intense effort alternative with periods of less strenuous effort in a continuous workout


pommel horse

An apparatus for gymnastic exercises with a cylindrical body covered with leather and two upright pommels, as hand grips, near the centre; held upright with adjustable legs.

An athletic event in which the pommel horse is used.


jog

en-verb

jog (third-person singular simple present jogs, present participle jogging, simple past and past participle jogged)

jogs (present singular third-person)
jogging (participle present)
jogged (participle past)
jogged (past)

Late Middle English, of uncertain origin. Originally with the meaning of "to shake up and down".
Perhaps an early alteration of English shog (“to jolt, shake; depart, go”), from Middle English shoggen, schoggen (“to shake up and down, jog”), from Middle Dutch schocken (“to jolt, bounce”) or Middle Low German schoggen, schocken (“to shog”), ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *skokkan (“to move, shake, tremble”). More at shock.
Alternatively from Middle English joggen, a variant of jaggen (“to pierce, prod, stir up, arouse”) (see jag).

der

I saw her jogging in the forest yesterday.

(exercise, intransitive) To move at a pace between walking and running, to run at a leisurely pace.


pullover

→ Bulgarian: пуловер (pulover)

→ Catalan: pul·lòver

→ Danish: pullover

→ Esperanto: pulovero

→ French: pull-over

→ Gulf Arabic: بلوڤر (blōvar)

→ German: Pullover

→ Hungarian: pulóver

→ Greek: πουλόβερ (poulóver)

→ Italian: pullover

→ Japanese: プルオーバー (puruōbā)

→ Georgian: პულოვერი (ṗuloveri)

→ Korean: 풀오버 (purobeo)

→ Polish: pulower

→ Portuguese: pulôver

→ Russian: пуло́вер (pulóver)

→ Sicilian: pullover

→ Spanish: pulóver

→ Swedish: pullover

(weightlifting) An exercise performed lying on the back in which the arms are extended behind the head and exertion lifts the weight above the head.


weightlifting

A form of exercise in which weights are lifted.


windmill

From Middle English wyndmylne, wyndmylle, equivalent to wind + mill. Cognate with Scots wyndmyln, wyndmyl, Saterland Frisian Wíendmäälne, West Frisian wynmûne, Dutch windmolen, Afrikaans windmeul, Dutch Low Saxon windmölle (Achterhooks), wiendmeule (Drents, Veluws), German Low German Windmöhl, German Windmühle, Danish vindmølle, Norwegian Bokmål vindmølle, Norwegian Nynorsk vindmølle, vindmylne, Swedish vindmölla, Icelandic vindmylla.

Any of various muscle exercises in which a large deal of the body makes a great circle, typically one where a kettlebell is raised overhead and the torso is rotated to the other side with the hand reaching its foot (hitting the core, glutes, hamstrings, trapezius, rhomboids, deltoids and rotator cuffs) but sometimes even a windshield wiper.


windscreen wiper

en-noun

windscreen wiper (plural windscreen wipers)

(bodybuilding) An exercise where the back is parallel to the ground (lying on it or hanging via the arms from a pull-up bar) and the legs are perpendicular to the floor so that the lower torso with the legs is rotated to target the Musculus obliquus externus abdominis, the Musculus quadratus lumborum and the Musculus rectus abdominis.


windshield wiper

windshield wiper (plural windshield wipers)

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racket

From Middle English raket, of uncertain origin.
Possibly cognate with Middle French rachette, requette (“palm of the hand”). From Arabic رَاحَةْ اَلْيَد (rāḥat al-yad, “palm of the hand”).
Alternatively, the term might be derived from Dutch raketsen instead, from Middle French rachasser (“to strike (the ball) back”).

unc

uncertain origin

der

رَاحَةْ اَلْيَد

Ivor had acquired more than a mile of fishing rights with the house ; he was not at all a good fisherman, but one must do something ; one generally, however, banged a ball with a squash-racket against a wall.

1922, Michael Arlen, “3/19/2”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days:

(countable, sports) An implement with a handle connected to a round frame strung with wire, sinew, or plastic cords, and used to hit a ball, such as in tennis or a shuttlecock in badminton.


skipping rope

An item for play or physical exercise consisting of a length of rope with a handle attached to each end, intended to be swung over and under a person jumping in a continual rhythm.


vaulting horse

(gymnastics) An apparatus with an upholstered body but no pommels; since about 2000 replaced with vault, also called vaulting table.


yogi

From Hindi योगी (yogī), from Sanskrit योगिन् (yogin), from the verbal root yuj (class 7 present युनक्ति (yunakti, “to connect”)), from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm.

To this day, yogins find that these disciplines, which have measurable physical and neurological effects, evoke a sense of calm, harmony and equanimity that is comparable to the effect of music.

2009, Karen Armstrong, The Case for God, Vintage, published 2010, page 30:

There is a special healthy menu, and the yogis can all eat together if they choose, but there's none of the birdseed-and-bulgur-wheat diet of a typical retreat.

2012 March 30, Lisa Allardice, The Guardian:

Gurdjieff connects this type of breathing with yogi breathing.

It's a yogi trick of some sort.


yogini

Borrowed from Sanskrit योगिनी (yoginī), feminine of योगिन्.

In the intense religious practices of yoginis or nuns, the menstrual period can stop altogether.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 19:


kickback

en-noun

kickback (countable and uncountable, plural kickbacks)

Kickbacks work the triceps muscle at the back of your arm. Exercising these muscles helps eliminate arm jiggle.

2010, Christina T. Loguidice, Bill Loguidice, Wii Fitness For Dummies:

(countable) A backward kick; a retrograde movement of an extremity.


repetition

repetition (countable and uncountable, plural repetitions)

/ˌɹɛp.əˈtɪʃ.ən/

[ˌɹɛp.əˈtɪʃ.n̩]

/rɪˈpiːʈɪʃən/

Borrowed from Latin repetitionem (accusative singular of repetitio; cf. French répétition). Doublet of repetitio.

(weightlifting): The act of performing a single, controlled exercise motion. A group of repetitions is a set.


trampoline

trampoline (countable and uncountable, plural trampolines)

From Spanish trampolín and/or Italian trampolino; in English, a genericized trademark based on the Spanish word trademarked in 1936.

(uncountable) A competitive sport in which athletes are judged on routines of tricks performed on a trampoline.


lightweight

From light (“not heavy”, adjective) + weight (noun).

liggewig

bodybuilding: competitive weight division between bantamweight and welterweight

(weightlifting) A competitive weight division as prescribed by the rules, between the heavier middleweight and the lighter featherweight.


aquacise

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A type of physical exercise practiced in water mostly vertically and without swimming, typically in a swimming pool in waist deep or deeper water.


aquacise

en-verb

aquacise (third-person singular simple present aquacises, present participle aquacising, simple past and past participle aquacised)

aquacises (present singular third-person)
aquacising (participle present)
aquacised (participle past)
aquacised (past)

She aquacised the hippos in the zoo's pond before feeding them.


pool noodle

A long, slender tube or rod, extruded from buoyant foam and usually brightly coloured, used as an exercise tool or toy in swimming pools.

游泳棒

long, slender tube or rod used as an exercise tool or toy in swimming pools


bicycle kick

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A form of exercise in which one lies on one's back and makes cycling motions with the legs.

Yaya Toure sent over a hopeful cross-field pass that Warnock attempted to clear with a bicycle kick, only to calamitously set Johnson up for a low finish past Given.

2011 October 15, David Ornstein, “Man City 4 - 1 Aston Villa”, in BBC Sport:

(soccer) A kick in which the kicker leans backwards and kicks the ball back over his head.

bicicleta

not in dictionaries, but a more common spelling in practice


elliptical

From elliptic + -al, from Ancient Greek ἐλλειπτικός (elleiptikós), from ἐλλείπω (elleípō, “I leave out, omit”).


superset

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While some lifters insist that supersets must consist of consecutive exercises for the same bodypart, others would bet their weight belts that supersets involve opposing bodyparts.

2010, Eric Velazquez, “Power Pairings”, in Reps!, 17:83:

A superset is a combination of two or three different exercises back to back. For example, you start with bodyweight press up and switch to TRX chest press with few seconds to no rest in between.

2023 April 5, MGH, “Build Mass with Bodyweight Drop Set Workout Routine”, in Training Bodyweight:

(weightlifting) Two or more different physical exercises performed back to back (i.e., without a period of rest between them). The exercises may employ the same muscle group, or opposing muscle groups.

superserie

two different physical exercises performed back-to-back


superset

superset (third-person singular simple present supersets, present participle supersetting, simple past and past participle supersetted)

supersets (present singular third-person)
supersetting (participle present)
supersetted (participle past)
supersetted (past)

An example would be cable curls supersetted with tricep pushdowns, or leg extensions supersetted with leg curls.

2016 August 10, Spring Hill Fitness, “Supersetting For Better Workouts”, in Spring Hill Fitness:

“If you’re using more than one piece of equipment, make sure you’re close to them at all times,” says fitness coach JC Deen of JCD Fitness. Walk away for more than 15 to 30 seconds, and most people will assume you’re done, Deen says. “Supersetting is a luxury, not a necessity,” adds strength coach and author Bret Contreras. Bottom line: “If the gym is busy, don’t superset!”

2017 January 5, Jordan Shakeshaft, “The Worst People at the Gym According to Trainers”, in Daily Burn:

Antagonist supersets involve supersetting opposite motions or muscle groups.

2024 June 20, Kate Neudecker, “What Is a Superset? Here's How to Gain More Muscle in Less Time”, in Men's Health:

(weightlifting, transitive) To perform (different physical exercises) back to back, without a period of rest between them.


pull-down

en-noun

pull-down (countable and uncountable, plural pull-downs)

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(exercise) An exercise mostly performed by pulling cables, a bar, or handles from a machine situated diagonally to the front top of the sportsman and targetting the rear muscles.


Pilates

Named after German physical trainer Joseph Pilates.

named-after

"Watto will spend the entire winter stretching and doing Pilates, and do a hamstring after bending down to pick up his petrol cap after dropping it filling his car at Caltex Cronulla."

2014 April 14, Matt Cleary, “What do Australia's cricketers do on holiday?”, in ESPNcricinfo, retrieved 2015-07-21:

A physical fitness system developed in the early 20th century by Joseph Pilates.


step aerobics

a form of aerobics involving repeated stepping up onto, and down from a block or platform


aerobics

→ Bulgarian: аеро́бика (aeróbika)

→ Dutch: aerobics

→ Esperanto: aerobiko

→ Greek: αερόμπικ (aerómpik)

→ Spanish: aeróbic, aerobic

→ Swedish: aerobics

→ Welsh: aerobeg

A form of exercise, designed to enhance one's cardiovascular fitness, normally performed to music.


fitness

en-noun

fitness (usually uncountable, plural fitnesses)

From fit + -ness. First attested in the 16th century, with the physical sense from 1935.

(evolutionary theory) An organism's or species' degree of success in finding a mate and producing offspring.


weight training

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(weightlifting) A form of physical exercise using weights to increase the strength and size of muscles by using exercises specific for each muscle group.


weight-train

en-verb

weight-train (third-person singular simple present weight-trains, present participle weight-training, simple past and past participle weight-trained)

weight-trains (present singular third-person)
weight-training (participle present)
weight-trained (participle past)
weight-trained (past)

(intransitive, weightlifting) To take part in weight training


vinyasa

From Sanskrit विन्यास (vinyāsa, “disposition (of limbs)”).

uder

(yoga) The transition between poses executed in succession, often timed with regular breathing.


clean and jerk

(weightlifting) The act of lifting the barbell from the floor to a resting position across the front of the shoulders (the clean phase), pausing, and thrusting the barbell over the head to a stationary position in one movement (the jerk phase). The normal technique for both parts of this act involves propelling the barbell upwards, quickly lowering the torso, and then straightening the legs.


clean and jerk

(weightlifting) To lift and manipulate a weight in this fashion.


jogging

en-noun

jogging (countable and uncountable, plural joggings)

→ French: jogging

→ Italian: jogging

→ Portuguese: jogging

→ Spanish: jogging

The practice of running at a relatively slow pace for exercise.


max out

en-verb

max out (third-person singular simple present maxes out, present participle maxing out, simple past and past participle maxed out)

maxes out (present singular third-person)
maxing out (participle present)
maxed out (participle past)
maxed out (past)

increase § Antonyms and Thesaurus:augment § Antonyms

Coordinate term: tap out

In the bench press, he has maxed out at 110 kg.

(informal, intransitive) To reach the limit of one's capabilities.

This machine maxes out at a 110 kW output.

Nadja had not thought of the word elegant since her mother made her model for no real occasion one sequined monstrosity after another at Denise's Bridal Affair, pretending her daughter was a pageanteer and hadn't maxed out at a B-cup.

2013, Xhenet Aliu, Domesticated Wild Things, and Other Stories, page 69:

(informal, intransitive) To reach a maximum or a point at which no more growth or improvement is possible.

to max out one's credit card(s)

I've spent all afternoon shopping and maxed out my credit card.

(informal, transitive) To use (something) to the limit of its capabilities.


stretching

en-noun

stretching (countable and uncountable, plural stretchings)

From Middle English strecching, strecchinge, equivalent to stretch + -ing.

/ˈstɹɛt͡ʃɪŋ/

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A form of physical exercise in which a specific skeletal muscle (or muscle group) is deliberately elongated to its fullest length in order to improve the muscle's felt elasticity and reaffirm comfortable muscle tone.


barbell

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Blend of bar + dumbbell. The piercing is named after the exercise equipment, because of the visual resemblance.

A wide steel bar with premeasured weights affixed to either end, with the central span open for the hands of the weightlifter.


spotter

contrasted with the Übungsleiter m meaning “trainer”

Due to a spotter's lack of action in holding the weight when a lifter lost her balance, the lifter badly pulled some muscles.

1981 December 12, Melissa Wills, “Moving Metal”, in Gay Community News, volume 9, number 21, page 10:

(weightlifting, gymnastics, climbing) One who supervises a person performing an activity, in order to help them should they be unable to complete it.


weightlifter

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(weightlifting) A person who competes for maximum weight lifted in a series of specific lifts.

重量挙げ選手

じゅうりょうきょげせんしゅ


pumping iron

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And your partner will be a friend; pumping iron is not a competition.

1994, Aaron Binder, Pumping Iron After Fifty: The Golden Thread to the Self, page 29:

He's just another one of Leo's thugs from the east side. Too much pumping iron jarred his brain loose!

2002, James E. Wollrab, Malfeasance, page 91:

Pumping iron is potentially more productive than aerobic dance, requires less skill training than swimming, produces less damage to the body than running and is less hazardous than bike riding on the open road.

2003, Joseph F. Mullen, Strength Training for Women Only, page 35:

Before he left, however, he worked out with Chase one last time, and encouraged his protégé to keep up with his pumping iron, especially since the youngster was making such impressive strides.

2008, David Marlow, Muscle Bound, page 102:

(weightlifting, informal) The activity of weightlifting, especially for the purposes of bodybuilding.


periodization

periodization (countable and uncountable, plural periodizations)

(weightlifting, sports) Training in segments of a few weeks or months, so that training begins at lower intensity and is gradually increased to high intensity.


gym rat

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Three decades ago, the trappings of sports equipment in those rooms took a magnetic hold on "gym rat" McGuire.

I was a real "gym rat." I'd go home and eat, then come back to the gym and play some more. I mean, I practically lived in that gym.

1989, Larry Bird, Drive: The Story of My Life, page 42:

This gym rat dripping tattoos in a sweatshirt with the sleeves ripped off was brooding at the juke box, like it had just asked him a very difficult question that he was determined to answer.

They wore suits, casual pants, and sports shirts and generally managed to look like solid citizens rather than gym rats.

1998, Arnold Schwarzennegger, The New Encyclopedia of Modern Bodybuilding, page 672:

For the average gym rat, Anthony recommends being wary of longer-than-necessary rest periods.

2010, Eric Velazquez, “Power Pairings”, in Reps!, 17:84:

(colloquial) A person who spends an unusually large amount of time at a gym.


pull-up

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DeWitt compared the average number of pullups college men can do grasping the bar with palms toward the face (supinated) and palms away from the face (pronated), and with kicking and kipping while raising the body. The subjects averaged 2.08 more pullups with the palms supinated than with the palms pronated.

1978 Physical Fitness Research Digest page 3

1983, An Electromyographic Study of the Latissimus Dorsi and Pectoralis Major During the Performance of Pronated and Supinated Pull-ups:

2008, Lou Schuler, "Foreward", in Nate Green, Built for Show, page xii
I did lots of push-ups and pull-ups, and my only regret is that I stopped doing them as a young adult when I finally got to work out in health clubs instead of my basement or garage.

An exercise done for strengthening the arms and back in which one lifts one's own weight while hanging from a bar. Palms may be facing in any direction.

引體上升 /引体上升

an exercise done for strengthening the arms and back


chin-up

Not a deverbal, unlike pull-up; the chin-up and the muscle-up as variations of pulling oneself upward were named later than the pull-up, with influence from its name.

Compare the actions of the humerus during the performance of a chin-up with supinated grip with those during the performance of a chin-up with pronated grip. Are the chin-ups alike or different with respect to muscle involvement?

1973 Marilyn M. Hinson, Kinesiology, page 63

(weightlifting) (US) An exercise done for strengthening the arms and back, in which one lifts one's own weight while hanging from a bar. It can be defined more restrictively on criteria like the arms starting at lock-out, or the chin requiring contact with the bottom of the bar, or touching the neck to the bar. Palms may be facing in any direction.


push-up

An exercise done to improve upper body strength, performed by resting on one's toes and hands and pushing one's weight off the floor.

تَمْرِين اَلضَّغَط

exercise performed by resting on one's toes and hands and pushing one's weight off the floor


lifter

While some lifters insist that supersets must consist of consecutive exercises for the same bodypart, others would bet their weight belts that supersets involve opposing bodyparts.

2010, Eric Velazquez, “Power Pairings”, in Reps!, 17:83:


lockout

(weightlifting) The final portion of a weightlifting motion where all applicable limbs or joints are fully extended or "locked out".

2016, Christian Thibaudeau, “Tip: For Bigger Triceps, Do Heavy Lockouts”, in T-Nation:

(weightlifting) An exercise meant to increase strength in the lockout portion of a lifting motion.


bird dog

A hyperextension exercise performed lying on the knees, with one arm and the opposite leg lifted.


marga

marga (countable and uncountable, plural margas)

Borrowed from Sanskrit मार्ग (mārga). Doublet of marg.

(Hinduism, yoga) Any of various paths or courses seen as leading to enlightenment.


springboard

A board consisting of a flexible, springy, cantilevered platform that propels one into the air, used for diving or gymnastics.

منطلق

figuratively: anything that launches or provides impulse


calisthenics

From Ancient Greek κάλλος (kállos, “beauty”) + σθένος (sthénos, “strength”) + -ics.

Just before sacktime, the Captain stood beside his sleeping bag doing his daily calisthenics; stripped down to his flaming red long johns, […]

1968, Seon Manley, Gogo Lewis, Polar Secrets: A Treasury of the Arctic and Antarctic, page 105:

(in the plural) Physical exercises with the participation of a multitude of muscles and often minimal equipment (thus, usually bodyweight exercises); strength training aspects and cardio aspects are both involved, and stamina is often a focus.

cal·listènia

in the plural: physical exercises under the participation of a multitude of muscles and often minimal equipment (thus, usually bodyweight exercises) with a stress on stamina


kundalini

kundalini (countable and uncountable, plural kundalinis)

From Sanskrit कुण्डलिनी (kuṇḍalinī, “coiled”).

uder

For us it is, of course, a symbol of the caduceus of Aesculapius, of the spinal column, of the kundalini-serpent of the Indians – you will be able to trace the ancestry of the idea through many continents and many religions.

1974, Lawrence Durrell, Monsieur, Faber & Faber, published 1992, page 131:

The physiology of Tantra yoga focuses on the magical numinosity of the male semen, but the experience of the awakening of kundalini is not an exclusively male phenomenon.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 19:

(yoga) An energy said to lie coiled at the base of the spine and to be released by yoga.


chipper

(golf) A golf club for making chip shots.


weights

(weightlifting) Any collection of weighted objects, such as dumbbells or barbells, used for exercise and training the muscles.


golf club

Once the tough job is done for Prosser, he says he can then get his golf clubs back out - they have been in the cupboard untouched for a decade.

2023 November 15, Ian Prosser talks to Stefanie Foster, “A healthy person is a more productive person”, in RAIL, number 996, page 37:

In golf, the implement used to hit the golf ball.


diving board

The spring diving board is four feet above the water, but there is another diving board five feet higher than this one.

when a laminated wood diving board begins to split at the seams, there's just one thing to do: cut it apart and glue it back together.

1961 May 16, Popular Science, volume 178, number 5, page 173:

A piece of equipment (e.g., a sport surface or a diving board) stores energy when deformed and releases this energy when the deformation restores.

2000, Benno Maurus Nigg, Biomechanics and Biology of Movement, page 54:

A springboard used for diving into water.


hyperextension

en-noun

hyperextension (countable and uncountable, plural hyperextensions)

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An exercise performed by lying on the stomach, ideally inclined upwards as on a Roman chair to reach a higher range of motion, and raising and lowering the upper torso.


walkout

(weightlifting) A part of the squat exercise wherein one has to step out from the rack (“walk out” the weight) in order not to hit it during execution.


walk out

en-verb

walk out (third-person singular simple present walks out, present participle walking out, simple past and past participle walked out)

walks out (present singular third-person)
walking out (participle present)
walked out (participle past)
walked out (past)

(transitive, weightlifting) To step away with when carrying the weight in order not to hit the rack it was lifted off from during execution of the exercise.


dumbbell

From dumb + bell. Originally an apparatus used for physical exercise or to practice ringing church bells. It was similar to those used to ring church bells, but didn't have a bell, which is why it was called dumb ("silent, mute").

He also had a room strewn with the toys of the trade and what-have-you: ropes and ironmongery, buoyancy aid and bagpipes, fetid socks and half-eaten haggises, dumbbells and ski-instructor sweaters.

1997, Pete McDonald, Climbing Lessons: Inside Outdoor Education, page 40:

On the map Gansu is shaped like a dumbbell lying obliquely from east to west. Its best known city is Lanjhou, the capital, and also the gateway to the Silk Road. But we did not go there; we were heading for a relatively unknown city a few hundred miles away from Lanjhou, called Tianshuei.

2007, “The Years before the End of the War”, in A Girl From Shanghai: The Story of Lillian Hsu, a Medical Geneticist, a NTU Medical College Alumna, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 35–36:

A weight training implement consisting of a short bar with weight counterpoised on each end.

dorak

a weight with two disks attached to a short bar


ashtanga

en-noun

ashtanga (countable and uncountable, plural ashtangas)

Borrowed from Sanskrit अष्टाङ्ग (aṣṭāṅga, “having eight parts”, literally “eight limbs”).

bor

The classical system of yoga described in the Yoga Sutras by Patanjali.


regression

en-noun

regression (countable and uncountable, plural regressions)

/ɹɪˈɡɹɛʃ.ən/

/ɹiːˈɡɹɛʃ.ən/

/ɹɪˈɡɹɛʃ.ən/

/ɹəˈɡɹɛʃ.ən/

/ɹəˈɡɹeʃ.ən/

Learned borrowing from Latin regressio. Equivalent to regress + -ion.
The statistics sense comes from regression to the mean.

(exercise) The making an exercise less straining to perform by manipulating the details of its performance like loaded weight, range of motion, angle, speed.


woodchop

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A strength training movement wherein a kettlebell, band or cable is tugged by medial movement of the arms in front of the body from above one side of the transverse plane to below its other side, targetting the oblique and transverse abdominal muscles while standing.


jump rope

jump rope (countable and uncountable, plural jump ropes)

(uncountable) (also jump-roping, jumping rope) The activity, game or exercise in which a person must jump, bounce or skip repeatedly while a length of rope is swung over and under, both ends held in the hands of the jumper, or alternately, held by two other participants.


backstretch

I went over to the other bed and lay down. My knees were hanging over the side of the bed, providing me with a fairly decent back stretch. With my eyes closed, I could hear sleep calling.

2014, Tim O'Mara, Dead Red (Raymond Donne Mysteries; 3), New York, N.Y.: Minotaur Books, St. Martin's Press, →ISBN, page 264:

The upper backstretches require that you stand in position with your feet at a slight distance apart 'than shoulder-width, while the knees are bent slightly.' Intertwine the fingers and then 'push your hands as far away from' the chest area 'as feasible.'

2017, “Live Longer and Stay Healthy while Feeling Younger”, in Fitness & Exercise: The Most Comprehensive Work-out Manual to Strengthen Your Body & Improve Your Health, [s.l.]: Ouvrage Collectif, →ISBN, page 86:

(exercise) An exercise that stretches the muscles of the back.


battledore

From Middle English batildore, batylledore, batildure, batyldoure, batyndore, probably as a blend of Middle English betel (“bat, club”) and Old Occitan batedor (“beater, bat”).

Seven or eight of them, standing in a circle, were engaged in a game of shittlecock. They had in their hands no battledores. They did not employ the hand or arm, any way, in striking it. But, after taking a short race, and springing from the floor, they met the descending shittlecock with the sole of the foot, and drove it up again, with force, high into the air.

1797, George Staunton, “Cochin-china”, in An Authentic Account of an Embassy from the King of Great Britain to the Emperor of China; […] In Two Volumes, […], volume I, London: […] G[eorge] Nicol, […], →OCLC, page 339:

There were nights when it seemed to me that our position could be stormed by twenty Boy Scouts armed with airguns, or twenty Girl Guides armed with battledores, for that matter.

1938 April, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], chapter III, in Homage to Catalonia, London: Secker & Warburg, →OCLC:


baseball bat

Beat on the brat / Beat on the brat with a baseball bat / Oh yeah...

A long instrument, typically wood, metal, or plastic, which is swung to strike baseballs.


medicine ball

A large, heavy sphere of leather, plastic or rubber etc. filled with sand or similar, and used for athletic training or physical rehabilitation.


bench-press

en-verb

bench-press (third-person singular simple present bench-presses, present participle bench-pressing, simple past and past participle bench-pressed)

bench-presses (present singular third-person)
bench-pressing (participle present)
bench-pressed (participle past)
bench-pressed (past)

(weightlifting) To press the weight of a barbell away from one's body while lying on a bench.


bench press

...Nubret has pushed and pulled maniacally at iron while sustaining a diet that would explode an ordinary metabolism—doing for that renowned chest, for instance, forty sets of twenty benchpresses (pushing 210 pounds off his chest a total of eight hundred times every other day)[…]

1974, Charles Gaines, George Butler, Pumping Iron: The Art and Sport of Bodybuilding, page 18:

(weightlifting) An exercise performed by pressing the weight of a barbell away from one's body while lying on a bench.


bench press

bench press (third-person singular simple present bench presses, present participle bench pressing, simple past and past participle bench pressed)

bench presses (present singular third-person)
bench pressing (participle present)
bench pressed (participle past)
bench pressed (past)

I went home and bench pressed 30 pounds more than I had ever done before.

1988, Frederick C. Hatfield, “Powersource: Ties that bind”, in Ironman, 47 (6): 21:

And I’m definitely getting stronger. I can now bench press — oh — at least 10 kilos without my arms collapsing underneath me.

2017 November 16, Jo Ellison, “Help: the gym has turned us into slobs”, in Financial Times:


punching bag

/ˈpʌnt͡ʃɪŋ ˌbæɡ/

/ˈpʌnt͡ʃɪŋ ˌbæɡ/

A tough bag, usually cylindrical, filled with air, sand, or other material, often suspended so that it swings freely, which is punched or kicked when practising sports such as boxing or martial arts.

كيس ملاكمة

tough bag punched or kicked when practising sports such as boxing or martial arts


yogic

en-adj

yogic (comparative more yogic, superlative most yogic)

more yogic (comparative)
most yogic (superlative)

Here we see the yogic pattern, "Loss of semen equals loss of soul."

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 189:

She says that rubbing palms or the soles of the feet together is a yogic technique that integrates the left side of the brain and the right.

2020, Avni Doshi, Burnt Sugar, Hamish Hamilton, page 79:


pump iron

en-verb

pump iron (third-person singular simple present pumps iron, present participle pumping iron, simple past and past participle pumped iron)

pumps iron (present singular third-person)
pumping iron (participle present)
pumped iron (participle past)
pumped iron (past)

Her upper body strength has been improving since she started pumping iron at the gym.

(idiomatic) To lift weights; to engage in weight or strength training.


step-up

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(exercise) A workout movement wherein one leg stands on an elevated surface and lifts in the concentric part the rest of the body up onto it to target – depending on angle and starting distance of the other leg and weights applied by the arms – the femoral and gluteal muscles variously.


land mine

(always written together, from a Landmine™ developed in 1999 by a US company called Sorinex) A piece of exercise device consisting of a pivoting tube attached to the ground to which a barbell can be fitted to lift it off the ground.


flye

[…]then there will be five sets of presses on an inclined bench, five sets of dumbbell flyes and two sets of twenty cable flyes—all designed to bulk, shape, striate and clarify the pectoralis muscles of the chest[…]

1974, Charles Gaines, George Butler, Pumping Iron: The Art and Sport of Bodybuilding, page 22:

(weightlifting) An exercise performed by moving extended arms through an arc while the elbows are kept at a fixed angle, especially those done to exercise the chest muscles.


powerlifting

For the first several years of my exclusive career in powerlifting, I couldn't bench too well.

(sports) A strength sport, consisting of three events: the squat, the bench press, and the deadlift. The maximum weight lifted in each event is totalled for a final score.


deadlift

2008, Lou Schuler, "Foreward", in Nate Green, Built for Show, page xii
I never did a squat or a deadlift—the exercises I now know are best for building a bigger, stronger, more athletic-looking body—because I had access to leg-extension, leg-curl, and leg-press machines.

(weightlifting) A weight training exercise where one lifts a loaded barbell off the ground from a stabilized bent-over position.


bus driver

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An exercise for the anterior deltoid performed by extending the arms and rotating them with a weight plate or rarely olympic bar.


hams

Powerful hip extension is essential if you hope to squat heavier, jump higher or run faster, making it essential to train the hams using focused hip-extension exercises (like the romanian deadlift).

2010, Adam Garett, “Fried Hams”, in Reps!, 17:23:

(exercise, slang) The hamstring muscles; the biceps femoris


bunny hop

(chiefly US, idiomatic) A dance from the big band era, a variation of the conga, in which dancers made small jumps with feet together.

The first baseman misplays the bunny hop, so all runners are safe.

(baseball) A ground ball that hops along the field instead of rolling.

An exercise whereby the person crouches on their haunches and then extends their legs and springs up, jumping vertically into the air like a rabbit hopping.


bunny hop

bunny hop (third-person singular simple present bunny hops, present participle bunny hopping, simple past and past participle bunny hopped)

bunny hops (present singular third-person)
bunny hopping (participle present)
bunny hopped (participle past)
bunny hopped (past)


horizontal bar

Near-synonym: pull-up bar

(gymnastics) A horizontally-aligned bar used in gymnastics, upon which acts of swinging are performed.


parallel bars

A gymnastics event using the parallel bars.


asana

Borrowed from Sanskrit आसन (ā́sana, āsaná, “sitting down”), from आस्ते (ā́ste, “to sit down”).

bor

She had taught him several yoga asanas and now every morning he obediently performed them while he thought of her sitting somewhere out among the olives beyond the tower in the lotus pose which seemed to cost her no effort at all, intoning the Aum […]

1978, Lawrence Durrell, Livia (Avignon Quintet), Faber & Faber, published 1992, page 414:

A body position, typically associated with the practice of yoga.

ᬆᬲᬦ

a body position, typically associated with the practice of yoga


pranayama

en-noun

pranayama (countable and uncountable, plural pranayamas)

From Sanskrit प्राणायाम (prāṇāyāma), from प्राण (prāṇá, “life force, vital energy, the breath”) (whence also English prana) + आयाम (āyāma, “lengthening, extending, stretching”).

Breathing techniques; breath control, often synchronized with movements between asanas in yoga.


trikonasana

/tɹɪkəˈnɑːsənə/

From Sanskrit त्रिकोणासन (trikoṇāsana), from त्रिकोण (trikoṇa, “triangle”) + आसन (āsana, “asana”).

It is 30 years since I tried yoga, but it mostly came back: trikonasana, this-asana, that-asana.

Because the feet are widely separated left to right in trikonasana, there is no problem with wobbling or falling in the left-to-right direction […].

2009, Mel Robin, A Handbook for Yogasana Teachers, page 918:

Trikonasana, or triangle pose, is often referred to as a lateral stretch, and this is true insofar as it lengthens the connective tissue pathway that runs along the side of the body.

2012, Leslie Kaminoff, Amy Matthews, Yoga Anatomy, page 40:

(yoga) A pose in which the legs are kept straight and wide apart, in the shape of a triangle, while the upper body bends.


overhead press

overhead press (plural overhead presses)

Coordinate term: bench press

(weightlifting) An exercise in which weight is lifted with the arms, which are straightened vertically over one's head.

pystypunnerrus

the arms weightlifting vertically over the head

called жим пе́ред собо́й m if done before the head and жим из-за головы́ m or жим за го́лову m if behind the neck


kriya

(yoga) A technique or practice within a yoga discipline.

(yoga) An outward physical manifestation of awakened kundalini, such as spontaneous body movement.


rowing machine

An exercise machine whose action resembles that of rowing a boat.


exercise machine

exercise machine (plural exercise machines)

Any of a great variety of devices, powered either by electricity or by the user, used to improve strength or physical fitness.


kettlebell

→ Portuguese: kettlebell

Also called kettlebell sport, this is a Russian national sport in which the girya (kettlebell) is used either in single or double form to accumulate as many repetitions as possible in 10 minutes in order to compare one lifter with the next in a sporting framework.

2014, Steve Cotter, Kettlebell Training:

The rows of kettlebells, spotted with various colors of spray paint, fit in with the spartan surroundings. The kettlebell is intimidating in its simplicity: a ball with a handle, like a Biblical weapon or a giant bull’s testicle.

2021 March 29, E. Alex Jung, “The Budget Kettlebell That Vulture Writer E. Alex Jung Swings at Home”, in Wirecutter:

A weight consisting of a cast iron ball with a single handle for gripping the weight during exercise.


press-up

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(UK, Ireland, Commonwealth) Synonym of push-up (“exercise”)


exercise ball

A soft, elastic ball with a diameter of approximately 35 to 85 centimetres, used in physical therapy and exercise.


bodyweight

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Without access to a gym, Steve focused on bodyweight work.

As a warmup, Jennifer did ten bodyweight squats.

Employing (only) a person's own weight as resistance to movement for the purpose of physical exercise.


sexercise

sexercise (countable and uncountable, plural sexercises)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sexercise.wav

In addition, there are books on sexercise aimed at strengthening and promoting flexibility in muscles that are purported to be of special significance to sexual activity.

1989, Herant A. Katchadourian, Fundamentals of Human Sexuality, page 354:

Several women at a Chicago branch YWCA have taken a step that many more of their sisters might soon follow as participants in a sexercise program, which essentially is geared to strengthen the pelvic region with a series of somewhat strenuous but apparently effective exercises.

1974, “Sexercises Swinging New Way To Strengthen Body”, in Jet, volume 46, number 7, page 44:

Exercise that is directed towards the improvement of sexual performance.


cardio

cardio (usually uncountable, plural cardios)

/ˈkɑː.dɪ.əʊ/

Coordinate term: strength training

I did some cardio today instead of lifting weights.

For decades, trainers and scientists have debated whether and how to mix cardio and resistance exercise. Some small studies suggest combining the two might up the likely gains from each, especially the resistance training.

2021 November 3, Gretchen Reynolds, “Cardio Before Weight Lifting May Help Boost Muscle”, in The New York Times:

(exercise) Exercise with the goal of raising the heart rate.


batwing

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(often attributive) An exercise or posture on the stomach wherein a dumbbell row or lateral raise is performed.


pranic

en-adj

pranic (comparative more pranic, superlative most pranic)

more pranic (comparative)
most pranic (superlative)

In yoga, we do not look at foods in terms of vitamins, minerals or proteins. We categorize food in the three following ways – positive pranic food, negative pranic food, and zero pranic food. Positive substances are those which, when consumed, add prana to the system. The pranic energy, the vital energy in the body, will increase.

[I] have personally seen and heard nothing that may not be attributed to the subconscious mind and the strange magnetic force called Pranic Energy.

1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 275:


balance board

A device used for recreation, athletic training, circus acts, etc. consisting of a rectangular or circular board on a fulcrum on which board the user attempts to balance.

(video games) A device that measures the centre of balance of a player standing on it, used to provide motion input to sport-themed games etc.


chest press

An exercise performed by pressing a bar or lever away from the chest while seated.


leg press

The same logic applies to leg presses; the more you lower the sled, the harder your hams have to work, as long as you're controlling the weight.

(weightlifting) An exercise performed by using the legs to press weight away from one's body, while the body remains stationary.

A leg press machine, a piece of exercise equipment designed for performing these exercises.


hack squat

(weightlifting) An exercise performed on a machine by using the legs to move weight resting on the shoulders, thereby moving the weight as the legs are straightened and the feet remain stationary.


leg extension

(weightlifting) An exercise performed on a machine while seated. The quadriceps (thigh muscles) are exerted to straighten the knee while acting against resistance applied to the lower shin.


leg curl

You'd never dream of doing just bench presses to build a massive chest, or only lateral raises to build up your shoulders, so you'll surely limit your overall leg development if you restrict your hamstring training to leg curls.

(weightlifting) An exercise performed on a machine in which the hamstring muscles are exerted to bend the knee while acting against resistance applied to the lower calf. The exercise may be performed while prone or standing, depending on the design of the machine.


kegel

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After Arnold Kegel. The surname is of German origin; see Kegel (“skittle, bowling pin”).

The parenting magazines are on a higher moral plane than the how-to-get-a-guy magazines, just as a man going home to his wife and children (or a woman breast-feeding a baby) is on a higher moral plane than a man out trolling for nookie (or a woman flexing her Kegels in preparation for a date).

1999 July 19, Hendrik Hertzberg, “The Parent Trap”, in The New Yorker:


uneven bars

A set of exercise apparatus consisting of two horizontal bars at a small distance apart and set at different heights.


wriststrap

A strap worn around the wrist to circumvent straining the hand by translocating the borne load to the stronger parts of the arm when carrying or lifting an item.


parcourse

From French "parcours du combattant", a military obstacle course, from Latin "percurrere", to move through, influenced by English "course".

A path or course, usually public, consisting of various obstacles or areas, designed for exercise purposes.


muscle-up

The muscle-up starts from a hang with a high or false grip.

1966, Eric Lester Hughes, Gymnastics for Men, page 269:

An exercise done for strengthening the arms and upper body, in which one lifts one's own weight while hanging from a bar to a position above the bar.


muscle up

en-verb

muscle up (third-person singular simple present muscles up, present participle muscling up, simple past and past participle muscled up)

muscles up (present singular third-person)
muscling up (participle present)
muscled up (participle past)
muscled up (past)

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There are only about ten tables, so you'll probably have to wait — or just muscle up to the bar like everyone else.

2007, Neil Schlecht, Spain for Dummies, page 470:

(intransitive) To force one's way into or through.


lateral raise

(weightlifting) A shoulder exercise in which the arm is raised and lowered against resistance – such as through use of a dumbbell, cable, or resistance band –, isolating the deltoids.


Romanian deadlift

en-noun

Romanian deadlift (plural Romanian deadlifts)

Named so in homage to Romanian weightlifter Nicolae Vlad.

Powerful hip extension is essential if you hope to squat heavier, jump higher or run faster, making it essential to train the hams using focused hip-extension exercises (like the romanian deadlift).

(weightlifting) A form of deadlift in which the body is bent at the hips and the knees are not bent.


exercise bicycle

exercise bicycle (plural exercise bicycles)

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A stationary exercise machine with pedals, saddle, handlebars arranged like a bicycle.


outlift

en-verb

outlift (third-person singular simple present outlifts, present participle outlifting, simple past and past participle outlifted)

outlifts (present singular third-person)
outlifting (participle present)
outlifted (participle past)
outlifted (past)


girya

Transliteration of Russian ги́ря (gírja).

transliteration

He slammed the giryas back down on the rubber-matted floor.

2008, Raffi Yessayan, Eight in the Box: A Novel of Suspense, page 145:

Kettlebells, which are Russian in origin (called girya), are believed to have been around since the early 1700s.

2011, Dave Randolph, The Ultimate Kettlebells Workbook, page 9:

Also called kettlebell sport, this is a Russian national sport in which the girya (kettlebell) is used either in single or double form to accumulate as many repetitions as possible in 10 minutes in order to compare one lifter with the next in a sporting framework.

Soon the farmers began challenging each other to feats of strength using the girya.

2018, Mark Vella, New Anatomy for Strength & Fitness Training:

(weightlifting) A kettlebell; a weight consisting of a cast iron ball with a single handle for gripping the weight during exercise.


periodize

en-verb

periodize (third-person singular simple present periodizes, present participle periodizing, simple past and past participle periodized)

periodizes (present singular third-person)
periodizing (participle present)
periodized (participle past)
periodized (past)

/ˈpɪəɹɪəˌdaɪz/

(weightlifting, sports) To split (a training program) into segments of a few weeks or months, so that training begins at lower intensity and is gradually increased to high intensity.


strength training

Research and experience from major projects at Colorado State University and the United States Military Academy at West Point, and ongoing work at Nautilus headquarters in Lake Helen, Florida, support the concept that optimal strength training requires as little as one set of eight to twelve repetitions taken to momentary muscular failure.

1982, Daniel P. Riley, Strength Training by the Experts, page 40:

Unfortunately, many athletes […] shy away from true strength training programs with high intensities and lower repetitions because they fear "bulking up".

2006, Harvey Newton, Explosive Lifting for Sports, enhanced edition, page 4

Many strength training professionals prefer free-weight exercises.

2007, William J. Kraemer, Steven J. Fleck, Optimizing Strength Training, page 42:

Although weightlifting is a sport in its own right, the techniques of the clean and jerk and the snatch are used extensively within sport-specific strength training and conditioning, as well as in more general strength training, due to their unparalleled ability to develop an individual's power.

2009, Strength Training, DK Publishing, page 17:

A form of exercise in which the goal is to increase the strength of muscles through low numbers of repetitions of an exercise performed with high resistance.


calistheneum

(dated) A gym, especially one for light physical exercise by women and children.


strollerobics

Fitness trainer Kristen McAuliffe started "strollerobics" classes in May at a neighborhood park as an option for new moms who want to shape up and keep their babies nearby.

1997 June 29, “'Strollerobics' Classes Help New Mothers Shape Up”, in Los Angeles Times:

An exercise routine for new mothers which incorporates their babies' strollers.


wobble board

An item of exercising equipment which challenges the sportsman to balance his weight on it as it could tilt in any direction.


diving platform

en-noun

diving platform (plural diving platforms)

structure used for competitive diving, consisting of a vertical rigid tower with one or more horizontal platforms extending out over a deep pool of water.


scaption

Shortened form of scapular plane elevation.

(exercise) An exercise designed to strengthen the rotator cuff muscle and the deltoid by raising one's arms in front of the body while holding weights and maintaining a straight back.


power rack

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2008, Lou Schuler, "Foreward", in Nate Green, Built for Show, page xii
I had no bench or power rack, so by necessity every exercise I did started with the weights on the floor.

(bodybuilding, weightlifting) A metal cage consisting of support pillars with adjustable bars and hooks, using for supporting a barbell during heavy weightlifting exercises.

深蹲架

metal cage to support a barbell during weightlifting


scap

(bodybuilding, exercise, colloquial) The scapula.


duck walk

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(bodybuilding) A type of loaded walk in which the sportsman squats somewhat and steps forward or backward with his knees alternatingly while optionally carrying a dumbbell or kettlebell on each side or a kettlebell or cupped dumbbell between the legs.


Hatha yoga

There are, of course, many practices in the various branches of Yoga (especially Hatha Yoga) that are distasteful to the intelligent mind and which would only be attempted by the credulous.

1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 195:

All contemporary practioners of Hatha yoga, Tai Chi Chuan, Shiatsu, or acupunture are familiar with this subtle body that the ancient Egyptians called the Ba.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 220:

A form of yoga that focuses on control of the body.


calf raise

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An exercise targeting the calf muscles where the subject raises their heel off the ground and lowers it again.


facial yoga

You can do the facial yoga exercises even when stuck in traffic or waiting in a queue (although the Facial Lift Yoga Exercise may cause a few surprised glances from people nearby)

2013, Julie Gabriel, Holistic Beauty from the Inside Out: Your Complete Guide to Natural Health, Nutrition, and Skincare:

Sets of exercises designed to work the facial muscles to maintain suppleness and youthfulness.


padmasana

From Sanskrit पद्मासन (padmāsana, “lotus seat”), from पद्म (padma, “lotus”) + आसन (āsana, “asana”).

uder

When he was a child of four, he sat in padmasan, his backbone a relaxed ninety degrees to the ground, for five or six hours while the singer or instrumentalist expounded a raga.

1997, Kiran Nagarkar, Cuckold, HarperCollins, published 2013, page 127:

(yoga) A pose in which one sits cross-legged with each foot sole-upwards on the opposite leg; the lotus position.


pratyahara

/pɹatjəˈhɑːɹə/

From Sanskrit प्रत्याहार (pratyāhāra, “withdrawal”).

By withdrawing our awareness from negative impressions, pratyahara strengthens the mind's powers of immunity.

1999, David Frawley, Yoga and Ayurveda, page 262:

(yoga) The withdrawal of one's senses; focus on oneself as opposed to external stimuli.


downward-facing dog

en-noun

downward-facing dog (plural downward-facing dogs)

From downward-facing dog, stretch forward onto the toes and hands.

2009, Nanette E Tummers, Teaching Yoga for Life, page 115:

Forget Bikram. Now it's all about doing the downward facing dog in a silk hammock.

(yoga) A pose whereby the hands and feet are placed on the floor and the hips raised, creating an inverted V-shape.


yogasm

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At first, Morris was flustered and anxious that others in the class might have witnessed her, mid-yogasm.

2011 September 28, Lizzie Crocker, The Daily Beast:

Yogasms have happened during forward bends, lotus poses, and even in the New York City yoga studio Pure Yoga, which is owned by Equinox, in a class taught by Marco Rojas, who apparently smells of patchouli.

2011 September 29, Jen Doll, The Village Voice:

And speaking of orgasms, I've found that there is something to all the yogasm hullabaloo that popped up in the media last year.

2013 May 29, Steph Auteri, The Huffington Post:

(colloquial) An orgasm experienced while performing yoga.


flip dog

A fun backbend, Flip Dog opens your chest and strengthens your shoulder girdle, working the opposite direction of how you use your shoulders while climbing.

2016, Nicole Tsong, Yoga for Climbers: How to Stretch, Strengthen and Climb Higher:

Keep your hips lifted as much as possible during the transition from three point to flip dog.

2015, Jennifer DeCurtins, The Complete Guide to Yoga Inversions, page 19:

Before we explore the common "flip dog" entrance, let's look at coming into wild thing from side plank, an entrance that is often more accessible and less taxing on the shoulders.

2020, Dianne Bondy, Kat Heagberg Rebar, Yoga Where You Are, page 151:

(yoga) A backbend in which the body is supported by one arm and one leg, usually entered from either a side plank pose or from downward-facing dog.


tadasana

/təˈdɑːsənə/

From Sanskrit ताडासन (tāḍāsana), from ताड (tāḍa, “mountain”) + आसन (āsana, “asana”).

After three or four such movements, you may rest in tadasana and collect your breath.

2006, Srivatsa Ramaswami, David Hurwitz, Yoga Beneath the Surface, page 68:

Naked but for an orange lungi, a great lifesize yogi stands with his palms extended in the yogic posture of tadasana, with the cities and forests of the world spaced out over his face, feet, arms and torso.

2009 June 20, William Dalrymple, The Guardian:

(yoga) A position in which one stands straight upright with feet together and hands by one's sides.


adho mukha svanasana

/ˌɑːdəʊ ˌmuːkə ʃvəˈnɑːsənə/

From Sanskrit अधोमुखश्वानासन (adhomukhaśvānāsana), from अधस् (adhas, “down”) + मुख (mukha, “face”) + श्वान (śvāna, “dog”) + आसन (āsana, “asana”).

bor

अधोमुखश्वानासन

The principles of Adho Mukha Svanasana are simple, but very effective.

You can press your feet more strongly into the floor in adho mukha svanasana by shifting your weight away from your hands and toward your feet.

2007, BKS Iyengar, Iyengar: The Yoga Master, page 152:

I tried out […] one produced as part of a Christian "Faith in Fitness" series that tries to sweep away the Hindu roots with biblical names for the poses (Jonah's Whale instead of adho mukha svanasana, a.k.a. the ever-popular downward dog), and a dose of Corinthians instead of om shanti shanti shanti.


virabhadrasana

/ˌviːɹəbəˈdɹɑːsənə/

From Sanskrit वीरभद्रासन (vīrabhadrāsana), from वीरभद्र (vīrabhadra) Virabhadra + आसन (āsana, “asana”).

‘Oh, no! Not you again,’ spits Sergeant Dave Brougham, walking in off the street to start duty, and Trina immediately lunges forward into the virabhadrasana yoga pose.

2006, James Hawkins, Deadly Sin, page 141:

For example, the position and opening of the armpits in virabhadrasana II will help the understanding of their positioning in parsvakonasana.

2007, BKS Iyengar, Iyengar: The Yoga Master, page 207:

"The yogi is really a warrior against his own ignorance," Rosen says. "I speculate that Virabhadrasana I is about rising up out of your own limitations."

(yoga) Any of three standing poses (usually specified with a numeral) which involve stretching the upper body.


HIIT

Perhaps I would struggle to do a HIIT session.

2021, Dr Philippa Kaye, Doctors Get Cancer Too, Vie Books, page 151:

HIIT’s specific origins are uncertain; some say it dates back to at least the early 1900s and Finnish Olympic runners who would use alternating short bursts of intensity with brief bouts of recovery to bolster their overall speed.

2023 March 15, Amanda Loudin, “A 19-Minute HIIT Workout for Beginners”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

interval training
interval training#English

(exercise) Initialism of high-intensity interval training: a form of exercise based on short bursts of intense effort, such as sprinting.

high-intensity interval training

entraînement fractionné de haute intensité


LISS

(exercise) Initialism of low-intensity steady state: a form of exercise that uses prolonged periods of effort at a steady pace, such as jogging.


downward dog

en-noun

downward dog (countable and uncountable, plural downward dogs)

I admit I felt a flicker of interest, if only as an excuse to avoid ever having to attempt Downward Dog again.

2003 April 17, Michelle Slatalia, The New York Times:

downward-facing dog
downward-facing dog#English


chub rub

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John's battle with “chub rub” is well documented. Even if he puts on a layer of lubricant as thick as cake frosting, his thighs are creating sparks before the end of the first mile.

2007, John Bingham, Jenny Hadfield, Running for Mortals: A Commonsense Plan for Changing Your Life With Running, Rodale, →ISBN, page 174:

My first move was to resolve not to wear things that hurt. Whether it was the perpetual red line of fury that looped under my boobs, or the zip gnawing a little grudge mark into my waist, or the burning chub rub where the pantyhose gave way, I fought against it with softness.

2012, Margaret Howie, “Something Fabulous to Wear”, in Virgie Tovar, editor, Hot and Heavy: Fierce Fat Girls on Life, Love and Fashion, Seal Press, →ISBN, page 206:

Early in the run, I began experiencing serious 'chub rub' between my bloated legs.

2012, Scott Ludwig, Vanessa Stroud, In It for the Long Run: A Decade with the Darkside Running Club, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 352:

(informal) Chafing on the inner thighs caused by the legs rubbing together.


healthie

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From health + -ie, after the pattern of selfie.

Healthies are about showboating your exercise credentials to inspire others.

2013, "50 Coolest Things in Health", Women's Health, November/December 2013, page 95

But she understands that sometimes healthies can be misunderstood.

2014, Karen Villarreal, "Because Selfies", Panorama Magazine (University of Texas–Pan American), Spring 2014, page 26

But the benefits of ‘healthies’ aren’t always positive, with many experts warning these kind of images increase our self-obsession and need for external validation, potentially creating greater body image problems within society.

2014 April, Jo Ebsworth, “Healthy selfies”, in Health & Fitness, UK, page 10:

A selfie taken during a workout session, typically to show one's commitment to health and fitness.


fitspiration

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In contrast, fitspiration operates under such mantras as "strong is the new skinny" and "fit not thin". Its focus on images of athletic women have led some to hail it as a positive step, and it has now been transposed offline, with the model Daisy Lowe fronting a newspaper campaign.

2013 August 6, Rhiannon Lucy Cosslett, “Our obesity crisis won't be solved by 'fitspiration'”, in The Guardian:

The craze on Instagram and Tumblr within the last year has been for blogs and accounts devoted to ‘fitspo’ or ‘fitspiration’.

2013 October 14, Harriet Williamson, “Beware of the dangerous fetishising of fitness on social media”, in The Telegraph:

This situation is particularly clear within certain facets of fitness culture, which employ “fitspiration” slogans to berate those considered unfit or unhealthy, asking “What is your excuse?” or declaring “Every excuse is a decision to fail.”

2015, Lianne McTavish, Feminist Figure Girl: Look Hot While You Fight the Patriarchy, State University of New York Press, →ISBN, page 72:

Photographs or other material intended to provide motivation to exercise and be physically fit.


fitspo

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It's packed with get-off-your-butt fitspo from the author's journey from 1-miler to marathoner.

2013, book review from Elle, quoted in Alexandra Heminsley, Running Like a Girl: Notes on Learning to Run, Scribner (2013), unnumbered page

Both thinspo and fitspo sites do one thing very well: make people feel bad about themselves.

2013, Jennifer J. Thomas, Jenni Schaefer, Almost Anorexic: Is My (or My Loved One's) Relationship with Food a Problem?, Hazelden, →ISBN, page 137:

The idea that ‘fitspo’ images have anything to do with health or fitness is entirely spurious and the use of my picture is proof of this.


ujjayi

Borrowed from Sanskrit उज्जायी (ujjāyī, literally “one who is victorious”).

bor

(yoga) A diaphragmatic breath technique used in a variety of Taoist and yoga practices.


cross training

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High intensity training
high intensity training

High intensity training using a variety of different exercise disciplines including, but not limited to, weight lifting, cardio and flexibility.


akarma

Reaching the level of akarma, the level of acting in spiritual consciousness, is the challenge for every human being.

2004, Armin Risi, TranscEnding the Global Power Game: Hidden Agendas, Divine Intervention, and the New Earth, →ISBN:

That, of course, does not mean that a state of akarma is impossible. Every karma done for the good of the Atman, though it appears to be karma, is in reality akarma.

2009, John Strohmeier, The Bhagavad Gita According to Gandhi, →ISBN, page 71:

But doesn't meditation mean akarma, no activity?

1992, Osho, Meditation : The Art of Ecstasy, →ISBN, page 61:

(yoga) A state of no action in which one refrains from seeking any outcomes.


overgrip

(weightlifting, gymnastics) pronated grip


crabwalk

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As a recent morning workout began at the gym, Rooney led the fighters through a series of knee bends, jumping jacks and crabwalks.

2008 April 2, Michael Brick, “The Businessman Who Finds Time to Fight”, in New York Times:

A form of exercise involving "walking" on one's hands and feet while facing upward.


dharana

Single-minded focus or concentration as part of practising yoga.


mountain climber

en-noun

mountain climber (plural mountain climbers)

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Holonym: black widow knee slide (+ donkey kick)

An exercise starting in a plank position with hands and possibly feet wider than the shoulders where the knees are adducted to the head or elbows alternatingly without lifting the braced hip.

vuorikiipeilijä

exercise adducting legs from plank position


FFM

FFM (countable and uncountable, plural FFMs)

(underwater diving) Initialism of full face mask.


vaulting box

(gymnastics) A layered wooden box that is padded with leather, used in gymnastics.


hot yoga

[…] Yoga on the Ball, Hot Yoga, and Yoga Mama (for pregnant women).

1998, Lyn Skreczko, Virginia Bell, The Manhattan Health Pages: A Resource Guide to Educate, Pamper, and Inspire You:

BARON BAPTISTE'S HOT YOGA LEVEL 1: POWER YOGA BASICS For intermediate to advanced students. Great fun and a challenge even for the very fit. Be prepared to sweat buckets.

1999, Mademoiselle: The Magazine for the Smart Young Woman:

Given how difficult and complicated it can be to keep a room heated to hot yoga levels, it could be quite pricey.

2009, John Philp, Yoga, Inc.: A Journey Through the Big Business of Yoga, page 55:

Yoga exercises performed under hot and humid conditions.

熱瑜伽 /热瑜伽

yoga exercises performed under hot and humid conditions


Roman chair

An item of exercise equipment that supports the body during exercise of the lower back and sometimes the gluteal muscles, hamstring, and abdominals.


Acroyoga

Trademark from late 20th century. Blend of acrobatics + yoga.

A physical practice that combines yoga and acrobatics.


elliptical trainer

elliptical trainer (plural elliptical trainers)

An exercise machine in which the feet of the user travel an elliptic path; used to simulate stair climbing, walking, or running without causing excessive pressure to the joints.


Anusara

From Sanskrit अनुसर (anusara, “act of following; pursuit, conformity”). The Sanskrit term is often translated by practitioners as meaning ‘flowing with grace’, apparently following the reading of creator John Friend.

der

(yoga) A modern form of Hatha yoga that emphasizes a set of universal principles of alignment.


Sun Salutation

Calque of Sanskrit सूर्यनमस्कार (sūryanamaskāra), from सूर्य (sūrya, “sun”) + नमस्कार (namaskāra, “respectful greetings”)

calque

सूर्यनमस्कार


salmon ladder

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(sports, exercise) A physical-training exercise where the exerciser moves a crossbeam to progressively higher positions on a pair of posts while hanging from it with his arms.


vrikshasan

From Sanskrit वृक्ष (vṛkṣa, “tree”) + आसन (āsana, “seat, chair; sitting, way of sitting”).

" About her favourite asana, she said, "I like doing vrikshasan.

2016 June 22, “Koyal Rana and Sangram Singh's Yoga Day out in CP”, in The Times of India:

(yoga) A particular yoga pose, balancing on one leg with arms raised.


undergrip

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(weightlifting, gymnastics) supinated grip


neutral grip

(weightlifting, gymnastics) A grip that is neither supinated nor pronated, but with palms facing each other.


mixed grip

(weightlifting, gymnastics) grip with one hand pronated and the other supinated


false grip

(weightlifting, gymnastics) type of grip using flexion of the wrist rather than the fingers to hold on


aqua walking

Underwater walking, as a form of exercise.


yoga mat

Then, later that day, I logged onto a zoom call and my mother and I set up our yoga mats in the living room, as we had been doing a couple of times a week during the pandemic.

2022 September 27, Barclay Bram, “My Therapist, the Robot”, in The New York Times:

A nonslip mat used to prevent the hands and feet from slipping while practising the asanas in yoga.


cat-cow

(yoga) A stretching motion that incorporates the cat and cow asanas, in which a person arches their back first in one direction, and then the other.


cat-cow

en-verb

cat-cow (third-person singular simple present cat-cows, present participle cat-cowing, simple past and past participle cat-cowed)

cat-cows (present singular third-person)
cat-cowing (participle present)
cat-cowed (participle past)
cat-cowed (past)

Well, actually, as attendees learned while we cat-cowed and downward-dog’d, the real instigator was David’s loss to his girlfriend in a common “debate”...

2010, Ashley Koff, “Yoga for Foodies: A Most Excellent Combination”, in HuffPost:

Continue to Cat-Cow (flex and extend) your spine and experience your shoulder blades sliding together and apart.

2012, Andrew Belcher, Mind Body Bike: Yoga and the Art of Slowing Down to Speed Up:

“Cat-cowing is great first thing in the morning,” she said.

2018, Amber Leigh Williams, Navy SEAL's Match:

We continued to meet, registering for the same birthing classes, the same CPR course, cat-cowing next to one another at the same yoga studio.

2018, Aimee Molloy, The Perfect Mother: A Novel:


pigeon pose

(yoga) A particular asana involving stretching of the legs.


vaulting table

(gymnastics) An apparatus featuring a flat, large, and cushioned surface almost parallel to the floor sloping downward at the end closest to the springboard.