keeve

From Middle English kive, from Old English cȳf (“vat”), from Proto-West Germanic *kūbiju, a diminutive of Proto-Germanic *kūbaz, perhaps from Latin cūpa. Related to French cuve. Doublet of coupe, cup, and hive.

In order to avoid a great deal of trouble, and to perform the vvork more effectually, by diveſting the nevv made Cyder of vvhat pummice and other impurities remain; after ſtraining it through a hair ſieve, on its coming from the VVring, or Preſs, it is neceſſary to be provided vvith a large open vat, keeve, or clive, vvhich vvill contain a vvhole pounding, or making of Cyder; or as much as can be preſſed in one day: […]

1753, Hugh Stafford, “Sect. VI. Of Proper Vessels for Receiving the Cyder for Its Fermentation; the Vigilance, Exact Care, and Attention Required in the First Fermentation of Cyder for Making It Sweet, and as Long as It Continues in a Fermenting State.”, in A Treatise on Cyder-making, Founded on Long Practice and Experience; […], London: […] E[dward] Cave, […], →OCLC, page 48:

(brewing) A vat or tub in which the mash is made; a mash tub.


kangaroo piss

From kangaroo + piss (“inferior liquor”).

>> Yeah, or you could drink beer instead.
>Right, Fosters (ever been kicked by a kangaroo?)
Kangaroo piss more like it. Let's go for top shelf instead of the urinal, try something like Carlsberg or if you want Aussie beer try Cooper's Pale Ale ;^) Stix, or Cascade.

1998 July 10, Gully Foyle, “Why does Gawd need representatives? (was: Free Will (Re: Why are there atheists?))”, in talk.atheism (Usenet):

Hey! I was led to believe that Fosters was crap, and that the various Australian microbrews were the way to go. If that's the case, then wouldn't offering a Fosters to a visitor be an insult? Another way of saying, "Your palette^([sic]) probably cannot descriminate between a quality beer and kangaroo piss, so there's no need to waste the good stuff on you. Here, have a Fosters." :)

1999 July 18, Dave, “CANADA IS A GOOD PLACE....”, in alt.tv.southpark (Usenet):

Hey Billy, stop drinking kangaroo piss for breakfast and wake up.

2001 December 12, Skip Press, “Osama's Tape and Al Jazeera's responce^([sic])”, in alt.journalism (Usenet):

(Australia, vulgar, slang) Beer, especially of inferior quality.


levothyroxine

(pharmacology) The levorotatory isomer of thyroxine (trademark Levothyroid, Levoxyl, Synthroid) that is administered in the form of its sodium salt C₁₅H₁₀I₄NNaO₄ in the treatment of hypothyroidism.


methicillin

en-noun

methicillin (countable and uncountable, plural methicillins)

The new strain was dubbed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 53:

(pharmacology) Alternative spelling of meticillin.


dolcetto

dolcetto (countable and uncountable, plural dolcettos or dolcetti)

/dɒlˈtʃɛtəʊ/

Borrowed from Italian, a diminutive of dolce (“sweet”). Doublet of dulcet and doucet.

A grape variety from Piedmont, used to make a red wine.


nocebo

Borrowed from Latin nocēbō (“I will harm”), the first-person singular future active indicative form of noceō (“I harm”), by analogy with placebo. The word was coined by Walter P. Kennedy in a 1961 article entitled “The Nocebo Reaction” (see quotation).

It is somewhat surprising that little attention has been drawn to the existence of the contrary effect [to the placebo] – which I may call the nocebo reaction.

1961 September, Walter P. Kennedy, “The Nocebo Reaction”, in Medical World, volume 95, London: Medical Practitioners' Union, →ISSN, →OCLC, →PMID, page 203:

In the case of the nocebo, it is negative expectations that become self-fulfilling prophecies.

2009 April 25, Stuart Blackman, “Why health warnings can be bad”, in Financial Times:

It seems to be a "nocebo" effect – the self-diagnosed gluten sensitive patients expected to feel worse on the study diets, so they did.

2014 May 15, Jennifer Welsh, “Researchers who Provided Key Evidence for Gluten Sensitivity have now Thoroughly Shown that It Doesn’t Exist”, in Business Insider, archived from the original on 2017-07-02:

If there's one lesson to be drawn from the nocebo effect, it's that ideas are never merely ideas. […] Maybe you see where I'm going with this: our grim view of humanity is also a nocebo.

2020, Rutger Bregman, Humankind, Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN:

(pharmacology, also attributive) A substance which a patient experiences as harmful due to a previous negative perception, but which is in fact pharmacologically (medicinally) inactive.

nocebo

pharmacologically inactive substance experienced as harmful


Bolly

The DB5 makes a brief reappearance in GoldenEye, this time with a refrigerated glove box for a bottle of Bolly

2002, Paul Simpson, The Rough Guide to James Bond, page 211:

... popped the cork from a bottle of Bolly.

2005, Jane Wenham-Jones, One Glass Is Never Enough, page 295:

"Can I order a bottle of Bolly?" "Of course you can, love. Give them a bell. I won't be a mo."

2006, Ambrosia, Greek Girls Don't Cry, page 48:


chemist's

Clipping of chemist's shop, in the British use of chemist as a synonym for pharmacist.

(British, Australia, New Zealand) Synonym of pharmacy, especially when run as a small standalone general store.


sgroppino

sgroppino (countable and uncountable, plural sgroppinos)

A cocktail, originally from Venice, consisting of a mixture of vodka, prosecco and lemon gelato.


Addie

A diminutive of the female given names Adele, Adeline, Adelaide, or Addison.


penicillin G

(pharmacology) Alternative form of benzylpenicillin.


procaine penicillin

(pharmacology) A narrow spectrum penicillin antibiotic.


penicillin V

(pharmacology) Synonym of phenoxymethylpenicillin.


phenoxymethylpenicillin

(pharmacology) A crystalline nonhygroscopic acid that is a semisynthetic form of penicillin, used in the form of its sodium or potassium salt C₁₆H₁₇KN₂O₅S, and has antibacterial action similar to benzylpenicillin and is more resistant to inactivation by gastric acids; 6-phenoxyacetamidopenicillanic acid, C₁₇H₂₀N₂O₆S


benzathine benzylpenicillin

(pharmacology) An aqueous suspension of a relatively insoluble salt of benzylpenicillin that is absorbed slowly following intramuscular injection to provide a low but persistent level of benzylpenicillin in the blood plasma.


benzathine penicillin

The standard dosage of 2.4 million units of benzathine ^([sic]) penicillin prescribed for syphilis resolved symptoms of the disease, and physicians assumed they were killing the organism.

1989 April 8, John Dooley, “Syphilis and AIDS: What's the Connection?”, in Gay Community News, page 8:

(pharmacology) Either of two narrow-spectrum antibiotics.


benzylpenicillin

(pharmacology) The penicillin C₁₆H₁₈N₂O₄S that constitutes the principal or sole component of most commercial preparations and is used chiefly in the form of its stable salts (as the sodium salt C₁₆H₁₇N₂NaO₄S or potassium salt C₁₆H₁₇KN₂O₄S).


pharmacovigilance

/ˌfɑːməkəʊˈvɪd͡ʒɪl(ə)ns/

In our experience, a request concerning suspected drug toxicity (or an adverse effect) needs to be dealt with in greater detail than other chemical agents, to obtain information on the animals affected (species, breed, age, physiological and pathological status) and on the suspect product (conformity, dose administered, storage conditions, etc.). These led us to introduce a specific request form for drugs, called a ‘pharmacovigilance form’, used since October 1988.

1987, Veterinary Drug Registration Newsletter, Paris: Office International des Epizooties, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 23:

But it appears repurposing is possible in another crucial phase of drug development—post-marketing surveillance or pharmacovigilance, which essentially identifies adverse side effects of drugs. Experts say “repurposed” pharmacovigilance would look for and understand beneficial side effects of drugs that may surface during their development or use.

2009 August 19, Seema Singh, “NovaLead shows drug repositioning works”, in LiveMint, archived from the original on 2016-02-06:

Since it [the European Medicines Agency] began operating in 1995, the agency has become a central actor regarding various aspects of pharmaceuticals regulation and has a crucial role in providing the infrastructure for EU [European Union] pharmacovigilance.

2017, Michael Kaeding, Julia Schmälter, Christoph Klika, “The EU Pharmacovigilance System”, in Pharmacovigilance in the European Union: Practical Implementation across Member States, Wiesbaden, Germany: Springer Nature, →DOI, →ISBN, page 22:

(medicine, pharmacology) The detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects of medicines.


maraschino

maraschino (countable and uncountable, plural maraschinos)

/ˌmæɹ.əˈʃiː.nəʊ/

From Italian maraschino, from marasca, from amaro (“bitter”).

A sweet liqueur made from marasca cherries


chicha

From a popular song entitled La Chichera (“the chicha seller”), referring to the fermented beverage.

/ˈt͡ʃiːt͡ʃə/

(music) A genre of popular Peruvian music related to cumbia and native Peruvian huayno.


sildenafil citrate

erectile dysfunction
erectile dysfunction

(pharmacology) The citrate salt of sildenafil, marketed as Viagra, a treatment for erectile dysfunction


rosiglitazone

From [Term?] + -glitazone (“thiazolidinedione derivative”).

af

(pharmacology) A thiazolidinedione derivative (trademark Avandia) taken orally in the form of its maleate C₁₈H₁₉N₃O₃S·C₄H₄O₄ to treat type 2 diabetes by decreasing insulin resistance.


microbrewery

A small commercial brewery, often one serving a single pub at which it is physically located; in the United States, often used to indicate a brewery that produces fewer than 15,000 barrels of beer annually.


jenkem

From Genkem (itself from General Chemical), a brand of glue similarly sniffed as a drug in South Africa.

When they cannot afford glue or are too scared to steal petrol, these youngsters turn to Jenkem as a way of getting high.

1999 July 30, Ishbel Matheson, “Children high on sewage”, in BBC News:

The hotel garden shrieked with bird life, and there were crocodiles in the courtyard pond; the fountains on either end of Cairo Road blustered with fresh water, and the street children were mad-eyed (those who can afford it sniff glue or gasoline, and those who can't sniff jenkem, fermented human sewage kept in a plastic bag for a week or so until it gives off intoxicating fumes).

2005 September, Alexandra Fuller, “We Just Want Enough”, in National Geographic, →ISSN:

Billy: You want some Jenkem? It'll make you all better. Sure, it's a natural remedy! Huff on this!
Stan: What's in it?
Billy: My body waste, silly.

2012 March 25, Less Money, Mo' Problems (American Dad!), season 8, episode 15:

A purported hallucinogenic inhalant made from fermented sewage.


Marsala

en-noun

Marsala (countable and uncountable, plural Marsalas)

From Sicilian Marsala, from an Arabic name, probably مَرْسَى عَلِيّ (marsā ʕaliyy, “Ali's harbor”), or possibly مَرْسَى اللّٰه (marsā llāh, “God's harbor”). In any case, the first element is مَرْسَى (marsā, “harbor”).


aloin

aloin (countable and uncountable, plural aloins)

(pharmacology) A glycoside derivative of anthracene, found in aloe, that is used as a laxative.


diaphoretic

en-adj

diaphoretic (comparative more diaphoretic, superlative most diaphoretic)

more diaphoretic (comparative)
most diaphoretic (superlative)

/daɪəfəˈɹɛtɪk/

From Latin diaphorēticus, from Ancient Greek διαφορητικός (diaphorētikós); by surface analysis, diaphor(esis) + -etic.

der

διαφορητικός

surf

(pharmacology) Generating sweat or perspiration.


diaphoretic

/daɪəfəˈɹɛtɪk/

der

διαφορητικός

(pharmacology) A product or agent which induces or promotes perspiration.


secondary fermentation

en-noun

secondary fermentation (countable and uncountable, plural secondary fermentations)

Malolactic fermentation
malolactic fermentation#English

Any fermentation that takes place after the conversion of sugar to alcohol in beers and wine


spiro

I was on estradiol tablets, finasteride, micronized progesterone, and spironolactone. I had an orchiectomy and have been taken off of progesterone and spiro. As far as changes to my body, they have been very miniscule in comparison to a person half my age. The most changes have been in my face.

2022, Laura Erickson-Schroth, editor, Trans Bodies, Trans Selves, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 315:

After trying everything short of Accutane, she finally found her magic combo of spironolactone and hormonal birth control. “Birth control and spiro were my dream duo,” she says. “They knocked out my acne, my skin was flawless, but I had to have both.”

2022 January 31, Bella Cacciatore, “How Pregnancy and Social Media Helped Kara Nesvig’s Hormonal Acne”, in Glamour:

Important to keep in mind: It usually takes up to three months to see a difference with tretinoin. So don’t expect miracles in a matter of a few weeks. However! Because I had been using tret previously, it really was like I just added the tranexamic acid and topical spiro to my routine.

2024 September 24, Beth Gillette, “I Tested Apostrophe, and I’ll Never Get Acne Meds From My Derm’s Office Again”, in Cosmopolitan:

(pharmacology, informal) Clipping of spironolactone.


finasteride

From [Term?] + -steride (“testosterone reductase inhibitor”). First use appears c. 1989 in the publication Pharmaceutical Business News.

af

male pattern baldness
male pattern baldness

benign prostatic hyperplasia
benign prostatic hyperplasia

(pharmacology) A medication used to treat male pattern baldness and benign prostatic hyperplasia in males.


pharmacopoeic

(pharmacology, pharmacy) Of or pertaining to pharmacopoeia.


HAART

(pharmacology, virology) Initialism of highly active antiretroviral therapy.


fosamprenavir

From fos- (“phosphorous derivative”) + amprenavir.

(pharmacology) An antiretroviral prodrug of the protease inhibitor amprenavir. It is used to treat HIV infected patients.


darunavir

From [Term?] + -navir (“HIV protease inhibitor”).

(pharmacology) An antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor class that is used in to treat HIV infected patients.


tipranavir disodium

(pharmacology) The salt form of the protease inhibitor drug tipranavir used in the treatment of HIV infected patients.


fosamprenavir calcium

(pharmacology) The salt form of the protease inhibitor drug fosamprenavir used in the treatment of HIV infected patients.


saquinavir

From sa- (“probably alteration of (prote)as(e)”) + quin(oline) + -a- + -vir (“antiviral”).

(pharmacology) An antiretroviral drug C₃₈H₅₀N₆O₅ of the protease inhibitor class that is used in the form of its methylated sulfonic salt especially in combination with other antiretroviral agents to treat HIV infected patients.


lopinavir

(pharmacology) An antiretroviral drug C₃₇H₄₈N₄O₅ of the protease inhibitor class that is taken orally usually in conjunction with other retroviral agents (such as ritonavir) to treat HIV infected patients.


atazanavir

/ˌæt.əˈzæn.əˌvɪɹ/

(pharmacology) An antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor class that is administered orally in the form of its sulfate C₃₈H₅₂N₆O₇·H₂SO₄ in conjunction with other antiretroviral agents to treat HIV infected patients.


nelfinavir

(pharmacology) An antiretroviral drug (trademark Viracept) of the protease inhibitor class that is used in the form of its mesilate C₃₂H₄₅N₃O₄S·CH₄O₃S to treat HIV infected patients.


ritonavir

/ɹɪˈtoʊ.nəˌvɪɹ/

/ɹɪˈtɑn.əˌvɪɹ/

(pharmacology) An antiretroviral drug C₃₇H₄₈N₆O₅S₂ of the protease inhibitor class that is administered orally to treat HIV-infected and AIDS patients.


indinavir

/ɪnˈdɪn.əˌvɪɹ/

From indina- (“alteration of indanyl”) + -navir (“HIV protease inhibitor”).

(pharmacology) An antiretroviral drug C₃₆H₄₇N₅O₄ of the protease inhibitor class that is used in the form of its sulfate in combination with antiretroviral drugs (such as zidovudine) to treat HIV infected patients.


protease inhibitor

en-noun

protease inhibitor (plural protease inhibitors)

(pharmacology) Any of a class of medications that act by interfering with proteases, used to treat or prevent viral infections including HIV/AIDS and hepatitis C.


nelfinavir mesylate

(pharmacology) The salt form of the protease inhibitor drug nelfinavir used in the treatment of HIV infected patients.


shochu

shochu (countable and uncountable, plural shochus)

From Japanese 焼酎 (shōchū しょうちゅう), from Mandarin 燒酒 (compare Mandarin shāojiǔ 烧酒, Korean soju 소주), from 燒 ("burn", "flammable") + 酒 ("alcohol"). Doublet of shaojiu and soju.

Lightly flavored shochus, like the barley-based Iichiko, are good mixed with soda water made on the premises with fresh lemon or in a cocktail like the Natsushima […]

2022, Steve Reddicliffe, The New York Times Essential Book of Cocktails (Second Edition) (page 582)

A Japanese alcoholic beverage, most commonly distilled from barley, sweet potato or rice. Typically it is 25% alcohol by volume, making it weaker than whisky, but stronger than wine and sake.


amprenavir

/æmˈpɹɛn.əˌvɪɹ/

(pharmacology) An antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor class that is used to treat HIV infected patients.


geeked

en-adj

geeked (comparative more geeked, superlative most geeked)

more geeked (comparative)
most geeked (superlative)

I am not one for lifting in silence – ever. I like to use music to get me geeked up and focused in my training. It always makes a difference for me

2010 September 15, Kevin Kuzia, “The Gym”, in Fierce and Mighty, archived from the original on 2015-08-12:

I want to be held accountable for my spending and I want to cut out extraneous expenses. To get a kick start on this goal, I checked this book out of the library and I'm hoping it will get me geeked about budgeting.

2011 December 30, Piper June, “A New Year”, in Believing in June, retrieved 2015-07-27:


McKenzie

A large Bordeaux wine bottle with the capacity of about 5 liters, equivalent to 6⅔ standard bottles.


ajon

But how can I give up my malwa or ajon where drinkers must sit close together round a beer pot, often sharing the same drinking straws, thus exchanging salivary fluids?

2007 December 12, Austin Ejiet, “Exactly what does Ebola want in our backyard?”, in Kampala Monitor, archived from the original on 2009-02-13:

A type of beer brewed from finger millet in northern and eastern Uganda.


stingo

Shall I set a cup of old stingo at your elbow?

1715, Joseph Addison, The Drummer, or The Haunted House:

The elevated cavaliers sent […]for two tubs of merry stingo.

1822, [Walter Scott], Peveril of the Peak. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., →OCLC:

For my outside I never need fear me / While warm with real stingo within.


-i-

(pharmacology) a monoclonal antibody derived from a non-human primate source

-mab is the base suffix common to all monoclonal antibodies


serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitor

en-noun

serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitor (plural serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitors)

serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitors (plural)

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

(pharmacology) A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.


hydromorphone

She hadnʼt needed regular doses of hydromorphone in a month.

2021, Rivers Solomon, Sorrowland, #Merky Books, page 200:

(pharmacology) A synthetic narcotic analgesic, (4,5 alpha-epoxy-3-hydroxy-17-methyl morphinan-6-one), similar to morphine and heroin. It is used for moderate to severe pain under the trade name Dilaudid.


hydromel

hydromel (countable and uncountable, plural hydromels)

Borrowed from Latin hydromel, hydromeli, from hydro- (from Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr, “water”)) + mel (“honey”).

Mead, especially one of low alcohol content.


Armagnac

A party prominent in French politics and warfare during the Hundred Years' War.


rock cocaine

The off-white, crystal-like form of crack cocaine.


clavelin

A bottle of wine containing 62 centiliters of fluid, traditionally used for vin jaune.


tregnum

(rare) A bottle of wine in the port wine trade containing 2.25 liters of fluid, three times the volume of a standard bottle.


Marie Jeanne

A bottle of wine (usually Bordeaux) containing 2.25 liters of fluid, three times the volume of a standard bottle.


vin jaune

vin jaune (countable and uncountable, plural vins jaunes)

French vin (“wine”) and jaune (“yellow”).

An unusual white wine made in the Jura region of France from late harvest Savagnin grapes, a local white variety.

the size of bottle in which vin jaune is usually sold


tappit hen

Borrowed and modified from Scots tappit-hen.


port wine

port wine (countable and uncountable, plural port wines)

A type of fortified wine traditionally made in Portugal.


Rehoboam

After Rehoboam, Judean king, the name of which in Biblical Hebrew was רְחַבְעָם (Rəḥaḇʿām)

A bottle of Champagne or Burgundy wine containing 4.5 liters of fluid, six times the volume of a standard bottle.


Rehoboam

And Rehoboam the son of Solomon reigned in Judah. Rehoboam was forty and one years old when he began to reign, and he reigned seventeen* years in Jerusalem, the city which the LORD did choose out of all the tribes of Israel, to put his name there. And his mother's name was Naamah an Ammonitess.

King of Israel after Solomon, whose folly split the kingdom in two; the father of Abijah (biblical character)

A male given name from Hebrew of biblical origin, in rare use.


Salmanazar

A bottle of champagne or Burgundy wine containing 9 liters of fluid, twelve times the volume of a standard bottle.


tincturing

At its simplest, tincturing involves chopping or grinding the source material as finely as possible, covering it with ethyl (grain) alcohol, and allowing the mixture to macerate, or steep, for two weeks or more.

2009, Greg A. Marley, Mushrooms for Health: Medicinal Secrets of Northeastern Fungi, Down East Books:

(pharmacy) The act or process of dissolving (a substance) in ethanol or some other solvent to produce a medicinal tincture.


enrobed

en-adj

enrobed (comparative more enrobed, superlative most enrobed)

more enrobed (comparative)
most enrobed (superlative)

In 2007, said Mortet, the tannins are more enrobed; grape sugars were lower (he told me he chaptalized his wines between a half and a full degree) but the skins were dark and ripe and could support more extraction.

1997, Stephen Tanzer, Stephen Tanzer's international wine cellar, page 40:

The wine seemed too tannic at the beginning, but now the tannins are more enrobed.

2001, International Wine Cellar - Issues 94-105, page 5:

This starts with the village Vosne-Romanée, which incorporates such climates as Bossières, just below the village, and the well-known Clos de Réas; the wine forms a perfect Vosne snapshot of silken fruit, truffle, forest, and enrobed tannins.

(wine) Made less astringent by combination with other flavors so as to produce a smoother, more rounded mouthfeel.


booster shot

A dose of an antigen (usually a vaccine) designed to strengthen immunity after an earlier immunizing dose.


immunosuppressor

(immunology, pharmacology) An immunosuppressive agent.


immunosuppressive

immunosuppressive (comparative more immunosuppressive, superlative most immunosuppressive)

more immunosuppressive (comparative)
most immunosuppressive (superlative)

(pharmacology, immunology) Having the capability to suppress the immune system, capable of immunosuppression.


immunosuppressive

(pharmacology, immunology) An agent which is capable of immunosuppression.


immunosuppressant

immunosuppressant (comparative more immunosuppressant, superlative most immunosuppressant)

more immunosuppressant (comparative)
most immunosuppressant (superlative)

(pharmacology) Capable of immunosuppression, immunosuppressive.


immunosuppressant

(pharmacology) An immunosuppressive agent.


minoxidil

From (a)mino + oxid(e) + -dil (“vasodilator”).

af

(pharmacology) A compound used orally as a vasodilator to treat hypertension and topically to reverse baldness.


Balthazar

/ˈbælθəˌzɔɹ/

From Middle English Balthasar, from Latin Baltassar, from Ancient Greek Βαλτασαρ (Baltasar), from Hebrew בֵּלְשַׁאצַּר (bēlšaṣṣar), attested in the Tanakh and the Old Testament (Daniel 5:1), from Akkadian 𒂗𒈗𒋀 (bēl-šarra-uṣṣur, literally “May Bel protect the king”). Doublet of Belshazzar.

der

בֵּלְשַׁאצַּר

Hebrew בֵּלְשַׁאצַּר (bēlšaṣṣar)


methaqualone

en-noun

methaqualone (countable and uncountable, plural methaqualones)

(pharmacology) A sedative drug that has effects similar to barbiturates, also used recreationally.


biopharmaceutical

(pharmacology) Any drug produced using biotechnology.


Valium

Valium (countable and uncountable, plural Valiums)

Mothers little helpers were pills—Miltown, amphetamine, barbiturates, Librium, and Valium were the most popular and widely available in the fifties and early sixties—that were used to keep women in their place, to make them comfortable in a setting that should have been uncomfortable, to encourage them to focus on tasks that did not matter.

2003, Samuel H. Barondes, quoting Peter D. Kramer, chapter 4, in Better than Prozac, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 47:

(trademark, pharmacology) The drug diazepam.


rathskeller

From German Rathskeller, obsolete spelling of Ratskeller. In English the obsolete spelling has often been retained to avoid the association with rodents.

A bar or restaurant in a basement, especially one that serves beer.


Barolo

Barolo (usually uncountable, plural Barolos)

From Italian barolo, named after Barolo, in whose area it is produced. Possible Celtic origin.

A full-bodied Piedmontese red wine made from Nebbiolo grapes.


Barbaresco

Barbaresco (countable and uncountable, plural Barbarescos)

/ˌbɑɹbəˈɹɛskoʊ/

/ˌbɑɹbɑˈɹɛskoʊ/

From Italian barbaresco, after the town where it is produced.

A strong red wine made in Piedmont from Nebbiolo grapes.


Henny

Maybe it's the Henny that has gotten in me / Whatever's got into me, I don't mind

2009, “Must Be the Ganja”, in Relapse, performed by Eminem:

And we don't really need Netflix, I'mma give you something to watch / After we done, bill a spliff and cotch / Pour me a glass of the Henny on the rocks

2016 February 14, Joseph Adenuga, Darren Dixon, Tariq Devega (lyrics and music), “Ladies Hit Squad” (track 6), in Konnichiwa, performed by Skepta ft. D Double E and ASAP Nast, Boy Better Know:

Look, I need a hard hitter, I need a deep stroke / I need a Henny drink, I need a weed smoker

2020, “WAP”, performed by Cardi B ft. Megan Thee Stallion:

(slang) Hennessy, a French brand of cognac.


trebbiano

trebbiano (countable and uncountable, plural trebbianos)

/tɹɛbiˈɑːnəʊ/

A variety of dry white wine made from this grape.


barbera

barbera (countable and uncountable, plural barberas)

This barbera grape, one of the predominant varieties in Italy's northwest Piemonte region, is grown in the town of Alba.

2003 May 9, Laura Levy Shatkin, “Wine and Dine”, in Chicago Reader:

(Your barbera will do nicely.)

2007 May 30, Florence Fabricant, “An Earthy Mushroom Pasta Sauce With Piquant Cheese for an Earthy, Truffly Wine”, in New York Times:

An Italian grape variety grown for use in red wine, or a wine made from such grapes.


pinot

pinot (countable and uncountable, plural pinots)

Borrowed from French pinot, a type of vine, from earlier pineau.

“Grant, today you're going to crush the pinot grapes in the fermenters outside.” I clapped my hands together, excited to be really making wine and said, “Okay… show me what I have to do.”

2012, Grant Achatz, Nick Kokonas, Life, on the Line, Penguin, →ISBN:

Any of several grape varieties grown in Europe and North America.


red-eye

red-eye (countable and uncountable, plural red-eyes)

The noun is derived from red + eye; sense 2.3 (“strong but poor-quality whiskey”) and sense 3 (“overnight airplane flight”) are probably so named because they may cause people to develop bloodshot eyes.
The verb is derived from the noun.

(countable) Types of beverages or sauces.

(Canada, regional) A drink consisting of beer with tomato juice.


benzodiazepine

Coordinate term: barbiturate

That week we were in the desert I couldn't sleep—perhaps a couple of hours each night at the most even with a steady intake of benzodiazepine.

2023, Bret Easton Ellis, chapter 1, in The Shards:

His modus operandi was to drug them with wine or tea laced with benzodiazepines, which incapacitated them and wiped out their memories.

2023 December 21, Anna Moore, “The couch surfing predator: how a group of women were drugged and assaulted - then fought back”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) Any of a class of psychoactive drugs, structured upon diazepine, used in the treatment of anxiety, insomnia and other related disorders.


ritalin

From Rita + -lin. Coined by chemist Leandro Panizzon, who synthesized it. Named after Marguerite Panizzon, wife of Leandro. Ritalin, a trade name from the 1940s. Genericization of the trademark.

(pharmacology) methylphenidate, used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder


minocycline

From (a)mino- + -cycline (“tetracycline derivative”).

af

(pharmacology) A semisynthetic tetracycline derivative used (as the hydrochloride C₂₃H₂₇N₃O₇·HCl) as a broad-spectrum antibiotic and anti-inflammatory agent to treat bacterial and other infections.


allobarbital

(pharmacology) An early barbiturate once used as an anticonvulsant.


olanzapine

From olan- (of unknown origin) + -zapine (“alteration of benzodiazepine”).

(pharmacology) An antipsychotic drug C₁₇H₂₀H₄S administered orally especially in the short-term treatment of schizophrenia and acute manic episodes of bipolar disorder.


quetiapine

Probably from que(ll) + thia- + -apine (“psychoactive tricyclic compound”).

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) An antipsychotic drug taken orally in the form of its fumarate (C₂₁H₂₅N₃O₂S)₂·C₄H₄O₄ especially to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It is marketed under the trademark Seroquel.


fluphenazine

en-noun

fluphenazine (countable and uncountable, plural fluphenazines)

(pharmacology) An antipsychotic drug of the phenothiazine class, which can be administered orally or by injection.


thioridazine

thioridazine (countable and uncountable, plural thioridazines)

/ˌθaɪ.əˈɹɪd.əˌziːn/

From thio- + (pipe)rid(ine) + (phenothi)azine.

af

(pharmacology) A synthetic compound derived from phenothiazine, used as a tranquillizer, chiefly in the treatment of mental illness.


ziprasidone

Probably from (ben)zi(sothiazole) + -pras- (“alteration of p(ipe)raz(ine)”) + i(n)d(ol)one.

(pharmacology) An antipsychotic drug used in the treatment of schizophrenia etc.


risperidone

/ɹɪˈspɛ.ɹɪ.dəʊn/

/ɹɪˈspɛɹ.ɪˌdoʊn/

From (fluo)r- + (benz)is(oxazole) + (pi)perid(inyl) + -one.

(pharmacology) A drug that is a combined serotonin and dopamine receptor antagonist, used in the treatment of psychotic disorders.


naltrexone

Probably from naloxone + Latin tres (“three”).

(pharmacology) A synthetic drug, similar to morphine, which blocks opiate receptors in the nervous system and is used chiefly in the treatment of heroin addiction.


clozapine

en-noun

clozapine (countable and uncountable, plural clozapines)

From chlo(ro)- + -zapine (“alteration of (benzodi)azepine”).

af

(pharmacology) A sedative drug used to treat schizophrenia.


aripiprazole

/ˌæɹ.ɪˈpɪp.ɹəˌzoʊl/

From ari- (of unknown origin) + -piprazole (“phenylpiperazine derivative”).

(pharmacology) An antipsychotic drug C₂₃H₂₇Cl₂N₃O₂ used in the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and irritability associated with autism. It is marketed under the trademark Abilify.


fluconazole

From flu(oro)- + -conazole (“miconazole derivative”).

(pharmacology) An antifungal agent C₁₃H₁₂F₂N₆O used orally to treat cryptococcal meningitis and local or systemic candida infections.


chlorpromazine

en-noun

chlorpromazine (countable and uncountable, plural chlorpromazines)

Borrowed from French chloropromazine, corresponding to chlor- + prom(eth)azine.

In the early 1950s two French physicians, J. Delay and P. Deniker, noted the remarkable calming effects of a new drug, chlorpromazine, which was initially tested as an agent to be given to patients prior to major surgery to relax them.

2001, Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 59:

(pharmacology) A synthetic drug used as a tranquillizer, sedative, and antiemetic. It is a phenothiazine derivative.


nystatin

nystatin (countable and uncountable, plural nystatins)

(pharmacology) An antifungal drug that is derived from a soil actinomycete (Streptomyces noursei) used especially against Candida.


lamotrigine

Perhaps from (ch)l(oro)- + am(in)o- + -trigine (“signal transduction modulator”).

af

(pharmacology) An anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of epilepsy.


carbamazepine

en-noun

carbamazepine (countable and uncountable, plural carbamazepines)

Since α-carbamazepine is a monotrope of γ-carbamazepine, and γ-carbamazepine is an enantiotrope of β-carbamazepine, the physical stability hierarchy depends on the transition temperature of β- and γ-carbamazepine.

2004, Peter York, Uday B. Kompella, Boris Y. Shekunov, Supercritical Fluid Technology for Drug Product Development, page 288:

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A synthetic compound of the benzodiazepine class, used as an anticonvulsant and analgesic drug.


antiretroviral

en-adj

antiretroviral (comparative more antiretroviral, superlative most antiretroviral)

more antiretroviral (comparative)
most antiretroviral (superlative)

(pharmacology) That combats infection by retroviruses


antiretroviral

(medicine, pharmacology) An agent that combats retroviruses.


pruno

From prune + -o. Originally (by 1940s) referring to fermented prune juice, later applied to any fermented fruit juice.

Coordinate term: jungle juice

(US, prison slang) An improvised alcoholic drink made by fermenting whatever ingredients are available.


saketini

A cocktail resembling a martini but made with saké


robotrip

en-verb

robotrip (third-person singular simple present robotrips, present participle robotripping, simple past and past participle robotripped)

robotrips (present singular third-person)
robotripping (participle present)
robotripped (participle past)
robotripped (past)

(slang, intransitive) To take the antitussive drug dextromethorphan recreationally.


Melchior

From Latin Melchior, from Hebrew מלכיאור (“king of light”), from מלך (“king”) + אור (“light”).

So twin boys, our fathers, were born in the USA. Melchior and Peregrine. What names, eh? What delusions of grandeur went into the naming of them? If you shorten them to 'Mel' and 'Perry', they've got a democratically twentieth-century and transatlantic ring to them.

1991, Angela Carter, Wise Children, Chatto & Windus, →ISBN, page 16:

(rather rare) A male given name from Hebrew.


Primat

A very large champagne bottle with the capacity of about 27 liters, equivalent to 36 standard bottles.


zolpidem

Probably from (imida)zol(e) + p(yr)id(ine) + (ac)e(ta)m(ide).

af

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A sedative and hypnotic drug administered orally in the form of its tartrate (C₁₉H₂₁N₃O)₂·C₄H₆O₆ in the short-term treatment of insomnia. It is marketed under the trademark Ambien, Stilnox.


pharmacogenetic

Examining new drugs for pharmacogenetic impacts will help identify people whose DNA reveals that they should not take a particular drug.

(pharmacology) Of or pertaining to pharmacogenetics.


sulphanilamide

en-noun

sulphanilamide (countable and uncountable, plural sulphanilamides)

Gerhard Domagk discovered that the red dye Prontosil is active against streptococcal infections in mice and humans. Soon afterward French workers showed that its active antibacterial agent is sulphanilamide.

2001, Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 9:

(British spelling, pharmacology) The amide of sulphanilic acid, used to treat streptococcal infections; the parent compound of the sulphonamides.


therapeutic window

therapeutic window (plural therapeutic windows)

2001: The separation between the dose range in which the desirable medical benefits are seen, and the higher dose range at which adverse effects emerge, is known as the ‘therapeutic window’. — Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford 2001, p. 31)

(pharmacology) The range of doses of a drug which are effective without being harmful.


ranitidine

The huge sales of one drug in particular, ranitidine (sold under the trade name Zantac®), helped to lift the British pharmaceutical company Glaxo into the world league.

2001, Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 46:

(pharmacology) A furan (trademark Zantac) which blocks the histamine H₂-receptors, to prevent the secretion of gastric acid.


omeprazole

/əʊˈmɛp.ɹə.zəʊl/

From o(xy)- + me(tho)- + -prazole (“benzimidazole derivative”).

af

2001: The first successful drug of this class was omeprazole (sold under the trade name Losec®), and it helped to change the medium-sized Swedish pharmaceutical company Astra, which discovered it, into a major player in the pharmaceutical industry. — Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford 2001, p. 46)

gastroesophageal reflux
gastroesophageal reflux

(pharmacology) A substituted benzimidazole (trademark Losec, Prilosec) which is a proton pump inhibitor and inhibits secretion of gastric acid, being given orally in the treatment of ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux; 5-methoxy-2-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridylmethylsulfinyl)benzimidazole, C₁₇H₁₉N₃O₃S.


AZT

AZT, the only AIDS treatment fully approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), is extremely toxic, and many people with AIDS cannot cake it or must discontinue taking it after some period of time.

1989 April 8, Judy Harris, “Fenway to Administer Peptide T”, in Gay Community News, page 3:

(pharmacology) Abbreviation of azidothymidine.


cannabinol

en-noun

cannabinol (countable and uncountable, plural cannabinols)

Cannabis sativa
Cannabis sativa#Translingual

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A psychoactive cannabinoid found in the hemp plant Cannabis sativa; an oxidation product of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).


diazepam

diazepam (countable and uncountable, plural diazepams)

2001: The most effective anti-anxiety drugs (tranquillizers) are the benzodiazepines, epitomized by diazepam (Valium®). — Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford 2001, p. 57)

(pharmacology) A tranquilizing muscle relaxant drug (trademark Valium) used chiefly to relieve anxiety.


arak

arak (usually uncountable, plural araks)

They use perfume freely, paint their eyes with kohl, and are constantly polishing their teeth with twigs of green arak-wood.

1958-1994, Hamilton Gibb & CF Beckingham, in The Travels of Ibn Battutah, Folio Society 2012, p. 51

Salvadora persica
Salvadora persica#Translingual


redbird

Any of various red cars formerly used in the New York City subway system; or a train of such cars.


lidocaine

lidocaine (countable and uncountable, plural lidocaines)

From (acetani)lid(e) + -o- + -caine, from cocaine.

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A crystalline compound C₁₄H₂₂N₂O that is used in the form of its hydrochloride as a local anesthetic and as an antiarrhythmic agent.

denatonium

a similar compound with an additional benzyl group


reserpine

reserpine (countable and uncountable, plural reserpines)

/ɹɪˈsɝːˌpiːn/

From translingual R(auvolfia) serp(entina) + -ine.

af

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A compound of the alkaloid class obtained from Indian snakeroot (Rauvolfia serpentina) and other plants and used in the treatment of hypertension.


bioisosterism

(pharmacology) The relationship between bioisosteres, substituents or groups with similar physical or chemical properties that impart similar biological properties to a chemical compound.


injectable

(pharmacy) Capable of being (or designed to be) injected


injectable

Complex high-cost drug therapy, such as injectables and infusions, are close to a $70 billion sector.

2009 January 3, Amy Zipkin, “Drugstores, Too, Feel Recession Pain”, in New York Times:

(pharmacy, cosmetics, pharmacology) A liquid, such as a medicine or a Botox solution, which is injected using a needle and syringe.


raksi

ne-l

रक्सी [raksī]

A traditional distilled alcoholic beverage in Nepal and Tibet, usually homemade from kodo millet or rice.


arthrogryposis

en-noun

arthrogryposis (countable and uncountable, plural arthrogryposes)

(countable, teratology) The permanent fixation of a joint in a contracted position.

artrogriposi

the permanent fixation of a joint in a contracted position

(uncountable, teratology) A congenital disorder in which the joints are so fixed because of lack of muscle development.


domaine

From French domaine (“zone, estate”). Doublet of domain.

Put [...] a gun to my head to name the domaine, I would blurt out la Romanée-Conti, for the spicy cassis and black cherry alone.

2016, Ian McEwan, Nutshell, Vintage, page 52:

(wine) A vineyard or wine estate, especially in France.


tokay

The tokay gecko, a spotted lizard native to Asia and some Pacific islands.


nippitatum

Suddenly she wheels around on Boyles. ‘You, flattop – 'ow 'bout a snootful o' nippitatum, eh? Eh?’

1982, TC Boyle, Water Music, Penguin, published 2006, page 283:

(now rare) Strong beer or ale (or occasionally some other alcoholic drink).


hot whiskey

A drink consisting of a shot of whiskey, boiling water, brown sugar, and a slice of lemon with cloves.

uisce beatha te

a drink consisting of a shot of whiskey, boiling water, brown sugar, and a slice of lemon with cloves


metallodrug

(pharmacology) Any of several pharmaceuticals that contain metals such as silver or platinum; especially such anticancer drugs


Irish cream

Irish cream (usually uncountable, plural Irish creams)

A pale-colored liqueur made from whiskey, cream and coffee.


pamidronate

From pamidronic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

af

(pharmacology) The conjugate base, or any salt or ester, of pamidronic acid. Used as a medication to inhibit bone loss in disorders of bone metabolism.

pamidronic acid

coordinate as an acid versus a base, but synonymous in the practical sense that the conjugate base and conjugate acid coexist in solution


pamidronic acid

From p(ropylidene) + ami(no-) + -dronic (“calcium metabolism regulator”) acid.

(pharmacology) (3-amino-1-hydroxy-1-phosphono-)phosphonic acid—a bisphosphonate drug to inhibit bone loss.

pamidronate

coordinate as a base versus an acid, but synonymous in the practical sense that the conjugate base and conjugate acid coexist in solution


cold cream

en-noun

cold cream (countable and uncountable, plural cold creams)

(pharmacy) An emulsion of water and certain fats, usually including beeswax and various scent agents, designed to smooth skin and remove makeup.


fortified wine

fortified wine (countable and uncountable, plural fortified wines)

A wine to which additional ethanol (an alcohol) has been added, the most common additive being brandy (a spirit distilled from wine).


rifampin

rifampin (countable and uncountable, plural rifampins)


rifampicin

rifampicin (countable and uncountable, plural rifampicins)

(pharmacology) A reddish-brown semisynthetic antibiotic C₄₃H₅₈N₄O₁₂ obtained from the bacterium Amycolaptosis mediterranei, used chiefly to treat tuberculosis, leprosy, and asymptomatic carriers of meningococci.


-idine

Derived from the ending of pyridine, which comes from German Pyridin which in turn comes from a combination of pyro- -id and -in (-ide and -ine)

alpha-2 adrenergic receptor
alpha-2 adrenergic receptor

(pharmacology) alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists.


-terol

(pharmacology) Used to form names of phenethylamine derivatives used as bronchodilators.


pilsener

pilsener (countable and uncountable, plural pilseners)


homebrew

en-verb

homebrew (third-person singular simple present homebrews, present participle homebrewing, simple past and past participle homebrewed)

homebrews (present singular third-person)
homebrewing (participle present)
homebrewed (participle past)
homebrewed (past)

(gaming) To jailbreak a video game console, specifically made by Nintendo, to run unofficial programs.


lambic

First attested as allambique; probably (via Belgian Dutch lambiek) from French alambic (“alembic”). Doublet of alembic and ambix.

Wooden casks serve a special role in the maturation of lambic by allowing a little oxygen to slowly contact the beer.

1990, Jean Guinard, Lambic, Brewers Publications, →ISBN:

A mid-strength traditional Belgian/Flemish sour beer of spontaneous fermentation.


ESB

extra special bitter
w:extra special bitter

(beer) Initialism of extra special bitter.


venin

From French venin (“venom”), from Latin venēnum (“juice; venom”). Doublet of venene and venom.


Humpty Dumpty

English Civil War
Humpty Dumpty
Humpty Dumpty#Meaning

Possibly baby talk forms of Humphrey, since Dump and Dumphry have been recorded as pet forms of this given name. Various suggestions have been offered for the original meaning of the nursery rhyme, chiefly concerning the English Civil War, although none has received general acceptance.

... she sits perched high up, astride a man's saddle, looking in her balloon garments, and doubtless feeling, more insecure than Humpty Dumpty on the wall.

1907, Annie van Sommer et al., Our Moslem Sisters..., page 210:

For many people, traditional Christian theology is a Humpty-Dumpty: it has tumbled from its perch and can't be put together again.

2009, Philip Kennedy, A Modern Introduction to Theology: New Questions for Old Beliefs:

A nursery rhyme character who falls from a wall and breaks irreparably in the manner of an egg; (figurative) by extension, anything similarly fragile, irreparably damaged, or insecure, precariously at risk of such irreparable damage.


APAP

en-noun

APAP (countable and uncountable, plural APAPs)

Abbreviation
* (pharmaceutical drug): Initialism of N-acetyl-para-aminophenol.
* (medical device): Acronym of Automatic Positive Airway Pressure.

acronym

Automatic Positive Airway Pressure
en:APAP
paracetamol

(pharmacology, abbreviation) para-acetylaminophenol (acetaminophen / paracetamol / tylenol), a particular kind of painkiller and fever-reducer generally available over the counter.


octopamine

From oct(opus) + -opamine (“dopaminergic agent, dopamine derivative”), because it was isolated from an octopus's salivary gland.

af

(biochemistry, pharmacology) An aromatic amine, 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxy-ethyl)phenol, related to noradrenaline, having similar characteristics to dopamine.


fasciculation

en-noun

fasciculation (countable and uncountable, plural fasciculations)

(anatomy, muscles) (toxicology, venoms) An involuntary muscle twitch, usually localised and temporary, but that may be intensified and prolonged fatally by particular poisons and venoms such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.


get wet

en-verb

get wet (third-person singular simple present gets wet, present participle getting wet, simple past got wet, past participle (UK) got wet or (US) gotten wet)

gets wet (present singular third-person)
getting wet (participle present)
got wet (past)
got wet (UK participle past)
gotten wet (US participle past)

Some things can go in the water, like my dolphin boots, but other things, like books, are not so good when they get wet.

2004, Karen Hesse, The Music of Dolphins, page 84:

The station had an ingenious "worm" - a corrugated iron tunnel permitting First Class passengers to transfer from platform to hotel without fear of getting wet.

2022 August 24, Stephen Roberts, “Bradshaw's Britain: the Cotswold Line”, in RAIL, number 964, page 60:

(literally) To come into contact with water, rain, or another liquid.

Sometimes I get wet right away, but other times I'm aroused but not very wet.

2002, Sallie Foley, Sally A. Kope, Dennis P. Sugrue, Sex Matters for Women: A Complete Guide to Taking Care of Your Sexual Self, page 281:

(idiomatic) Of a woman, to become sexually aroused, as indicated by the occurrence of the natural lubrication of the vagina.

Alonzo Harris: […] Didn't know you liked to get wet, dog.
Jake Hoyt: What's "wet"?
Alonzo Harris: Butt-naked. Ill. Sherms. Dust. PCP. Primos. P-Dog. That's what you had. That's what you were smoking, you couldn't taste it?

(slang) To abuse phencyclidine (commonly known as "PCP" or "angel dust").


quaffing wine

A wine considered unsophisticated or simple in taste, but pleasant to quaff.


budesonide

(pharmacology) A corticosteroid used in the treatment of various diseases.


Ramos gin fizz

en-noun

Ramos gin fizz (plural Ramos gin fizzes)

Named after Henry C. Ramos, a New Orleans barman who invented it in 1888.

“What was that everybody at your table was drinking? Can I get you one?” “Ramos gin fizz. Get yourself one, too.”

2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage, published 2007, page 416:

A cocktail particularly associated with New Orleans, made from gin, lemon and lime juice, egg white, sugar, cream, orange flower water and soda water.


gin fizz

gin fizz (countable and uncountable, plural gin fizzes)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-gin fizz.wav

A cocktail made from gin, lemon juice, sugar, and fizzy water.


Sazerac

Named for the Sazerac de Forge et Fils brand of cognac that was its original prime ingredient.

[…] a night that began at the establishment of Monsieur Peychaud, where the Sazeracs, though said to've been invented there, were not a patch, it seemed to Reef, on those available at Bob Stockton's bar in Denver, though those Absinthe Frappés were another matter.

2006, Thomas Pynchon, “Iceland Spar”, in Against the Day, New York, N.Y.: Penguin Press, →ISBN, page 368:

(US) A cocktail made from whisky, Pernod or absinthe, bitters, and syrup.


diviner's sage

The psychoactive plant Salvia divinorum.


antiangiogenic

en-adj

antiangiogenic (comparative more antiangiogenic, superlative most antiangiogenic)

more antiangiogenic (comparative)
most antiangiogenic (superlative)

When considered in combination with the use of antiangiogenic therapy, this diagnostic tool is easy to apply and has broad utility among medical oncologists to avoid the risk of hemosputum in the great vessels [ 5 ].

2015 July 30, Hidetaka Uramoto et al., “Easy Diagnosis of Aortic Invasion in Patients with Lung Cancer Using Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging”, in Case Reports in Oncology, volume 8, →DOI:

(pharmacology) That inhibits angiogenesis (especially when used to combat cancer).


benzonatate

(pharmacology) A particular kind of non-narcotic cough suppressant, taken orally.


koumiss

en-noun

koumiss (usually uncountable, plural koumisses)

Via French koumis, German Kumiss, from Russian кумы́с (kumýs), borrowed from a Turkic source. Compare Tatar кымыз (qımız), Kazakh қымыз (qymyz), Kyrgyz кымыз (kımız), Northern Altai кымыс (kïmïs), Turkish kımız, Azerbaijani qımız.

[Of a Persian wine] One name for this wine was 黑水晶 "black crystal"; it has also been confused with koumiss.

1898, Herbert Allen Giles, A Chinese Biographical Dictionary, page 12:

Here, for example—a Scythian koumiss vessel, third century B.C. You can clearly see the Greek influence, especially in the friezework.

2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage 2007, page 688:

A fermented drink made from mare's milk, common among peoples of the Central Asian steppes.


pilsner

pilsner (countable and uncountable, plural pilsners)

From German Pilsner, from Pilsen, the Bohemian city where the beer was first developed.


Pepto-Bismol

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Pepto-Bismol.wav

See all those Pepto-Bismol colored housing developments to your right. They're cluttering up this beautiful section of the Sonoran Desert.

2003, Lani Robson Remender, Casino to Die For: The Hunt for Tears of the Sun, page 224:

The worst part was the bathroom. He insisted I paint it Pepto-Bismal ^([sic]) pink. His tastes could be extreme, but it was his bathroom. I still can't chug Pepto-Bismol, though.

2007, Jude Barnes, Missing The Laughter, page 39:

Just before he'd slipped into a coma, he'd had the strong urge to run to a pharmacy and slug down some Pepto-Bismol.

2004, Wendy Etherington, If The Stiletto Fits..., page 127:

You go swig some Pepto-Bismol and I'll pop a couple of aspirin and I'll take you to the movies over on Nineteenth Street."

2003, Caroline Slate Fractured Truth, page 136:

To Nicki, who was wearing the mini-est of minidresses, barely more than a ruffle of Pepto-Bismol pink.

1998, Susan Isaacs, Red, White, and Blue, page 246:

He would get some Pepto-Bismol and force Tom to drink it when he woke up, whether Tom wanted to or not.

1991, Stephen King, The Stand, page 408:

Arming himself with Pepto-Bismol he took off in one of the new Pan American Clippers.

1960, Henry Ringling North, Alden Hatch, The Circus Kings: Our Ringling Family Story, page 298:

[We] thought he was going to get up from the table and get some Pepto-Bismol and not worry about his breakfast because we had certainly ruined his digestion.

1952, Proceedings, Regular Meeting, Ohio Valley Transportation Advisory Board, Pacific Northwest Advisory Board, page 17:

(trademark) A brand of medicine used to treat nausea, heartburn, indigestion, upset stomach and diarrhea, and having a bright pink color.


sloe gin

sloe gin (countable and uncountable, plural sloe gins)

/ˈsləʊ ˌdʒɪn/

A dark red liqueur made from sloe berries.


fosmidomycin

From fos- (“phosphorous derivative”) + (a)mido + -mycin (“antibiotic”).

af

(pharmacology) An antibiotic, similar to fosfomycin, obtained from Streptomyces bacteria.


fosfomycin

Originally phosphomycin, from phospho- + -mycin (“antibiotic derived from a Streptomyces strain”).

(pharmacology) A broad-spectrum antibiotic, 3-methyloxiran-2-ylphosphonic acid, obtained from certain Streptomyces bacteria.


Guinness

An Anglicization of an Irish patronymic surname based on Angus.


Jell-O shot

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Jell-O shot.wav

A confection of Jell-O (jelly) made with an admixture of alcohol in place of approximately one third to one half of the usual amount of water, mixed in a shot glass and consumed as a shot.


FAN

en-noun

FAN (countable and uncountable, plural FANs)

(brewing) Initialism of free amino nitrogen, amino acids available for yeast metabolism.


corkage

corkage (countable and uncountable, plural corkages)

While the Black-nebs wanted only the tea and sugar cheap, and a drap brandy at a reasonable rate, I was hand in glove wi' them; and ga'e them ben the house to meet in, free o' a charge—save the natural corkage.

1827, [Christian Isobel Johnstone], “The Exile”, in Elizabeth de Bruce. … In Three Volumes, volume I, Edinburgh: William Blackwood; London: T[homas] Cadell, →OCLC, page 224:

‘Corkage’ is the peculiar vail of the superior of the establishment. You must, if you are the stranger within his gates, imbibe his very bad 18s. sherry at a charge of 36s., or his fifth-rate bottled beer, or pay the ‘corkage’ fee of 1s. 6d. per dozen on everything of your own ordering from which a cork has to be extracted, and probably also forfeit the bottles, charged, in the case of beer, at 2s. per dozen.

1873 April, “Taking the Vail”, in Tinsleys’ Magazine. An Illustrated Monthly, volume XII, London: Tinsley Brothers, […], →OCLC, page 359:

Five of their favorite destinations are included below and, although their wines lists are pedestrian, modest corkages are the rule.

1996, Wine Spectator, volume 21, San Diego, Calif.: The Wine Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 92, column 1:

A fee charged by a restaurant to serve wine that a diner has provided.

droit de bouchon

fee charged by restaurant to serve wine that a diner has provided


piment

piment (countable and uncountable, plural piments)

Borrowed from French piment. See pimento, pimiento, and pigment.

(obsolete) Wine flavoured with spices or honey.


teicoplanin

(pharmacology) Any of several glycopeptide antibiotics used against Gram-positive bacteria


sulfamethoxazole

From sulfa- (“sulfonamide”) + meth- + (is)oxazole.

af

(pharmacology) An antibacterial sulfonamide C₁₀H₁₁N₃O3S used alone or in combination with trimethoprim (as in the treatment of urinary tract infections or acute otitis media).


trimethoprim

en-noun

trimethoprim (countable and uncountable, plural trimethoprims)

/tɹʌɪˈmɛθ.ə(ʊ).pɹɪm/

/tɹaɪˈmɛθ.əˌpɹɪm/

(pharmacology) A synthetic antibiotic used to treat malaria and respiratory and urinary infections (usually in conjunction with a sulphonamide).

-prim

dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, antibacterial


crack pipe

Any pipe used for smoking crack cocaine.

tire gauge

when innards removed, a type of crack-pipe


methimazole

methimazole (countable and uncountable, plural methimazoles)

(pharmacology) Alternative form of thiamazole.


thiamazole

(pharmacology) An imidazole derivative that interferes with the synthesis of thyroid hormone and is given orally in the treatment of hyperthyroidism; 1-methylimidazole-2-thiol, C₃H₂N₂(CH₃)(SH).


sulfanilamide

(pharmacology) Any of a class of amino substituted aromatic sulfonamides that are used as antifungal antibiotics; but especially the parent compound 4-aminobenzenesulfonamide


antidotal

(pharmacology) Relating to or being an antidote.


lactulose

lactulose (countable and uncountable, plural lactuloses)

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A synthetic disaccharide C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ consisting of galactose and fructose units, used as a laxative for chronic constipation and as an acidifier to reduce blood ammonia levels causing neurological symptoms in advanced liver disease. It is used in solution for oral or rectal administration.


hormesis

hormesis (countable and uncountable, plural hormeses)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὅρμησις (hórmēsis), from Ancient Greek ὁρμή (hormḗ).

bor+

So the concept of a permissible, safe, or “threshold” dose gained currency, and this was used to set standards in industries where workers were exposed to radiation, such as uranium mining and nuclear power generation. Some people went even further, arguing for radiation hormesis—that small doses of radiation were actually good for you.

2010, Naomi Oreskes, Erik M. Conway, chapter 5, in Merchants of Doubt:

Though he is given to gee-whizzery about anything “super awesome”—Small amounts of radiation are actually good for you! It’s called radiation hormesis!—he has scant interest in the specifics of the apps that many YC companies produce; what intrigues him is their potential effect on the world.

[2016 October 3, Tad Friend, “Sam Altman’s Manifest Destiny”, in The New Yorker:

(biology, toxicology) A phenomenon in which an environmental agent or stressor produces a stimulatory or beneficial effect at low doses and an inhibitory or harmful effect at higher doses, corresponding to a biphasic dose-response relationship.


alpha-blocker

(pharmacology) A drug which blocks α1-adrenergic receptors in arteries and smooth muscles. Used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatitis and other conditions.


amantadine

From amantad- (“alteration of adamantane”) + -ine.

af

(pharmacology) A drug used especially as the hydrochloride C₁₀H₁₇N·HCl to prevent infection (as by an influenzavirus) by interfering with virus penetration into host cells.


rimantadine

From [Term?] + -mantadine (“adamantane derivative”).

(pharmacology) A synthetic antiviral drug that is chemically related to amantadine and is administered orally in the form of its hydrochloride C₁₂H₂₁N·HCl in the prevention and treatment of influenza A; 1-(1-adamantyl)ethanamine.


akvavit

en-noun

akvavit (countable and uncountable, plural akvavits)

Unadapted borrowing from Danish and Swedish akvavit, from Medieval Latin aqua vitae (“water of life”). Doublet of aqua vitae and aquavit. Compare eau-de-vie, whisky, whiskey, and water of life from the same source.


miltefosine

(pharmacology) An antiprotozoal drug, 2-(hexadecoxy-oxido-phosphoryl)oxyethyl-trimethyl-azanium, used in oral treatment of leishmaniasis.


acamprosate

(pharmacology) A drug, 3-acetylaminopropane-1-sulfonic acid (or a calcium salt), used to treat alcohol dependence.


antiprotozoal

en-adj

antiprotozoal (comparative more antiprotozoal, superlative most antiprotozoal)

more antiprotozoal (comparative)
most antiprotozoal (superlative)

(pharmacology) That inhibits or destroys protozoa


antiprotozoal

(pharmacology) Any drug used to fight diseases caused by protozoa

antiprotozoário

any drug used to fight diseases caused by protozoa


aprepitant

en-noun

aprepitant (countable and uncountable, plural aprepitants)

From [Term?] + -pitant (“neurokinin NK₁ receptor antagonist”).

af

(pharmacology) An antiemetic drug C₂₃H₂₁F₇N₄O₃ taken orally to prevent nausea and vomiting occurring as a consequence of cancer chemotherapy or surgery. It acts as an antagonist of receptors for substance P. It is often taken in combination with other antiemetic drugs and is marketed under the trademark Emend.


disulfiram

en-noun

disulfiram (countable and uncountable, plural disulfirams)

(pharmacology) A synthetic compound (trademark Antabuse) used in the treatment of alcoholics to make drinking alcohol produce unpleasant after-effects.


psychopharmaceutical

(pharmacology) Any drug used to treat a psychosis or similar disorder


gin and it

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-gin and it.wav

A simple cocktail, similar to an unsophisticated martini, made from gin and sweet vermouth


gin-and-It

2001, Ken Follett, Jackdaws, Dutton, →ISBN, page 138:

I’ll have a gin-and-It, Percy, while you’re buying.


halothane

halothane (countable and uncountable, plural halothanes)

Hepatic injury due to halothane is well described and can be an indirect cause of encephalopathy.

1998, Thomas Markham Brown, Alan Stoudemire, Psychiatric Side Effects of Prescription and Over-the-Counter Medications:

(pharmacology) The halogenated hydrocarbon 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane that is used as an inhalational general anaesthetic.


nefazodone

Probably blend of nef- (“alteration and inversion of phen(yl)”) + trazodone.

blend

(pharmacology) A serotoninergic modulating antidepressant that is used in therapy of depression, aggressive behavior and panic disorder.


venlafaxine

en-noun

venlafaxine (countable and uncountable, plural venlafaxines)

Probably from venla- (of unknown origin) + ph(enyl) + -ax- (“alteration of (cycloh)exa(ne)”) + (am)ine.

af

(pharmacology) A drug that functions as an SNRI and is used in the form of its hydrochloride C₁₇H₂₇NO₂·HCl especially to treat depression, anxiety, and panic disorder. It is marketed under the trademark Effexor.


crackhead

From crack + -head. First sense appears c. 1978. Second sense appears c. 1977 in Best Canadian Stories.

(slang, derogatory) A person who is addicted to or regularly uses crack cocaine.


TW

(pharmacology) Initialism of treatment week.


rechallenge

en-verb

rechallenge (third-person singular simple present rechallenges, present participle rechallenging, simple past and past participle rechallenged)

rechallenges (present singular third-person)
rechallenging (participle present)
rechallenged (participle past)
rechallenged (past)

(medicine, pharmacology) To try a therapeutic pharmaceutical drug, suspected allergen, or medical treatment on a patient a second or subsequent time, to see if the suspected effects of the treatment occur again. This is typically performed to confirm allergic or adverse reactions to allergens or medications, but may also be used to confirm beneficial treatments or to retry a probable beneficial treatment which did not appear to be effective previously.


rechallenge

(medicine, pharmacology) The event of rechallenging as above.


azelaic acid

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) An aliphatic dicarboxylic acid found in many cereals; it has an antibacterial action and is used in skin creams etc; HOOC(CH₂)₇COOH.


brewski

en-noun

brewski (countable and uncountable, plural brewskis)

(countable, informal) A serving of beer.


cetrimonium

From cet(yl) + trim(ethyl) + -onium (“quaternary ammonium compound”).

af

(pharmacology) The cetyltrimethylammonium radical.


ethoheptazine

(pharmacology) A particular narcotic painkiller.


ethylmethylthiambutene

(pharmacology) An opioid painkiller, N-ethyl-N-methyl-4,4-dithiophen-2-yl-but-3-en-2-amine, that has a narcotic effect


etoxeridine

From ethox(y) + -eridine (“pethidine derivative”).


ethylmorphine

(pharmacology) A particular narcotic antitussive.


furethidine

From fur(furyl) + -ethidine (“pethidine derivative”).

(pharmacology) A 4-phenylpiperidine derivative that is related to the opioid analgesic drug pethidine.


etorphine

From eth(ylene) + -orphine (“morphinan derivate”).


lofentanil

From [Term?] + -fentanil (“opioid receptor agonist, analgesic”).


MS Contin

(pharmacology) A particular narcotic painkiller: time-release morphine pills.


etonitazene

In fact, apart from clonitazene and etonitazene, which are controlled under the United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961,³⁹ none of the previously described 2-benzylbenzimidazole opioids are currently under (international) control.^(22,24)

2021, Marthe M. VandeputteKatleen Van Uytfangheet al., “Synthesis, Chemical Characterization, and μ‑Opioid Receptor Activity Assessment of the Emerging Group of “Nitazene” 2‑Benzylbenzimidazole Synthetic Opioids”, in ACS Chemical Neuroscience, volume 12, number 7, →DOI, page 1241:

(pharmacology) A potent synthetic opioid analgesic of the nitazene group, used as an illicit drug.


pholcodine

(pharmacology) An opioid antitussive, C₂₃H₃₀N₂O₄.


oxilorphan

From (hydr)oxy + l(evo)- + -orphan (“morphinan derivate”).


phenazocine

From phen(ylethyl) + -azocine (“narcotic antagonist/agonist”).


phenoperidine

(pharmacology) A particular general anesthetic, an opioid.


levorphanol

From lev- + -orphan (“morphinan derivate”) + -ol.

(pharmacology) An addictive drug used especially in the form of its hydrated tartrate C₁₇H₂₃NO·C₄H₆O₆·2H₂O as a potent analgesic with properties similar to morphine.


pheneridine

From phen- + -eridine (“pethidine derivative”).


oxymorphone

From (hydr)oxy + (dihydro)morph(ine) + -one.


metazocine

From meth(yl) + -azocine (“narcotic antagonist/agonist”).


properidine

From prop- + -eridine (“pethidine derivative”).


dihydrocodeine

en-noun

dihydrocodeine (usually uncountable, plural dihydrocodeines)


acetylmorphone

(pharmacology) A particular narcotic painkiller and antitussive.


remifentanil

(pharmacology) A potent ultra short-acting synthetic opioid (trademark Ultiva) given to patients during surgery for pain relief and adjunctive to an anesthetic.


pentazocine

pentazocine (countable and uncountable, plural pentazocines)

From pent(enyl) + -azocine (“narcotic antagonist/agonist”).

af

(pharmacology) A synthetic compound that is a potent nonaddictive analgesic, often given during childbirth.


dimenoxadol

Probably from dime(thylami)no + (eth)ox(y) + -adol (“analgesic”).


alvimopan

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A particular narcotic painkiller.


dihydromorphine

en-noun

dihydromorphine (usually uncountable, plural dihydromorphines)


anileridine

From anil(ine) + -eridine (“pethidine derivative”).


benzethidine

From benz- + -ethidine (“pethidine derivative”).


cyclazocine

en-noun

cyclazocine (countable and uncountable, plural cyclazocines)

From cycl(opropyl) + -azocine (“narcotic antagonist/agonist”).


benproperine

(pharmacology) A particular cough suppressant.


diphenoxylate

(pharmacology) An antidiarrheal agent (trademark Lomotil) chemically related to pethidine and administered in the form of its hydrochloride C₃₀H₃₂N₂O₂·HCl in combination with the sulfate of atropine.


cyprenorphine

From cy(clo)pr(opyl) + [Term?] + -orphine (“morphinan derivate”).


sufentanil

From su(lfur) + -fentanil (“opioid receptor agonist, analgesic”).

(pharmacology) An opioid analgesic that is administered intravenously in the form of its citrate C₂₂H₃₀N₂O₂S·C₆H₈O₇ as an anesthetic or an anesthetic adjuvant.


semorphone

From [Term?] + -orphone (“morphinan derivate”).


butorphanol

From (cyclo)but(yl) + -orphan (“opioid receptor antagonist/agonist”) + -ol.

(pharmacology) A synthetic analgesic and antitussive opioid drug (trademark Stadol) administered in the form of its tartrate C₂₁H₂₉NO₂·C₄H₆O₆ as a nasal spray or by injection especially for the relief of pain.


phenomorphan

(pharmacology) A particular narcotic painkiller.


apomorphine

en-noun

apomorphine (countable and uncountable, plural apomorphines)

(pharmacology) A crystalline morphine derivative that is a dopamine agonist, used as an emetic and is injected subcutaneously in the form of its hydrochloride C₁₇H₁₇NO₂·HCl·1/2H₂O to treat episodes of immobility associated with advanced Parkinson's disease.


carfentanil

From car(boxylate) + -fentanil (“opioid receptor agonist, analgesic”).

af

He’d been hearing rumours lately of carfentanil in the supply line, which terrified him: one hundred times stronger than fentanyl, approved for the sole purpose of tranquilizing elephants.

2020, Emily St. John Mandel, The Glass Hotel, Picador (2021), page 292:

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A narcotic painkiller that is four orders of magnitude more potent than morphine, used for tranquilizing large animals and abused as a recreational drug.


alfentanil

Probably from (tetr)a(zo)l(e) + -fentanil (“opioid receptor agonist, analgesic”).

(pharmacology) A synthetic short-acting opioid with analgesic and local anesthesia enhancing activity.


fentanyl

en-noun

fentanyl (countable and uncountable, plural fentanyls)

[ˈfɛʔn̩.nɪɫ]

Approved name ! Other names ! Action and use
Fentanyl .. ! 1-Phenethyl-f-(N-propionylanilino)-piperidine ! Narcotic; analgesic

1963 November 23, British Pharmacopoeia Commission, “Approved names”, in British Medical Journal, page 1327:

Fentanyl represents the latest wave of a rolling drug epidemic that has been fueled by prescription painkillers, as addicts continue to seek higher highs and cheaper fixes. “It started out as an opioid epidemic, then heroin, but now it’s a fentanyl epidemic,” Maura Healey, the attorney general of Massachusetts, said in an interview.

2016 March 25, Katharine Q. Seelye, “Heroin Epidemic Is Yielding to a Deadlier Cousin: Fentanyl”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Lil Peep died of an overdose of fentanyl and generic Xanax, according to the Pima Country Office of the Medical Examiner.

2017 December 8, Kory Grow, “Lil Peep Cause of Death Revealed”, in Rolling Stone:

Including, he warns, ketamine and even fentanyl. The crime syndicates have the capacity, he says, and a worldwide distribution network already in place.

2019 July 4, Michael Sullivan, “In Myanmar, Methamphetamine, Synthetic Drug Production Soars”, in NPR.org:

Coolio, the gritty rapper best known for his hit “Gangsta’s Paradise,” died from the effects of fentanyl, heroin and methamphetamine, according to the Los Angeles County medical examiner.

2023 April 6, McKenna Oxenden, “Fentanyl Contributed to Coolio’s Death, Medical Examiner Says”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(pharmacology) A synthetic opioid narcotic analgesic C₂₂H₂₈N₂O with pharmacological action similar to morphine that is administered transdermally as a skin patch and in the form of its citrate C₂₂H₂₈N₂O·C₆H₈O₇ is administered orally or parenterally (as by intravenous or epidural injection); N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl]propanamide.


guaiacolsulfonate

(pharmacology) A particular expectorant.


adapalene

Probably from ada(mantyl) + p(henyl) + (naphth)alene.

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A retinoid C₂₈H₂₈O₃ applied topically to the skin in the treatment of acne vulgaris. It is marketed under the trademark Differin and when used in combination with benzoyl peroxide, under the trademark Epiduo.


amiodarone

From ami(no)- + iod- + (coum)arone (“benzofuran”).

af

(pharmacology) an antiarrhythmic drug administered in the form of its hydrochloride C₂₅H₂₉I₂NO₃·HCl and used to treat life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia


streptokinase

(biochemistry, pharmacology) An enzyme produced by some streptococci which is involved in breaking down red blood cells by activating plasminogen to produce plasmin. It is used to treat blood clots and inflammation.


wifebeater

en-noun

wifebeater (countable and uncountable, plural wifebeaters)

From wife + beater. The sleeveless shirt acquired the nickname by association with men who commit domestic violence. The lager, being relatively strong, was thought to lead to drunken disputes.

And then we were walking back alleys, trudging through the drifts of chip papers, the bottles and empty cans of wifebeater[…]

But Stella shouldn't really be drunk in pints the same way our dads used to drink bitter or mild that was effectively half as strong. Drink Stella in goblets like people do in its native country and, hey presto! It's no longer 'wifebeater'.

2011, Pete Brown, Three Sheets to the Wind:

(uncountable, UK, colloquial) Stella Artois, a brand of lager beer.


bock beer

From German Bockbier, from Bock + Bier (“beer”). The former component is a southern German alteration of Einbeck, a brewery town in Lower Saxony, where the beer originally hails from. The Low German placename suffix -beck (“-brook”) was reinterpreted in southern dialects as the plural of Bock (“buck”).


awamori

A Japanese alcoholic beverage made from rice via distillation.


rice malt

rice malt (countable and uncountable, plural rice malts)

The lees produced while sake brewing. It is often used in Japanese cuisine.


scrumpy

scrumpy (countable and uncountable, plural scrumpies)

(UK, Ireland) A rough cider, normally more alcoholic than usual, and typically produced through natural fermentation.


throwdown

Deverbal from throw down. Fight and music senses from earlier idiom throw down the gauntlet (“issue a challenge”).

(slang, wrestling) A fall, indicating defeat.

(slang, rare) A weapon planted at a crime scene in order to mislead investigation, especially in situations where deadly force would only have been justified if the victim were armed. Also an untraceable weapon kept in readiness for such use.

a hip-hop throwdown

(slang, hip-hop) A performance by a rapper or DJ that is intended to be particularly hardcore or intense.

(Australia, informal) A 250 ml bottle of beer.

(Australia) A type of small firework that explodes with a loud noise when thrown violently onto the ground.


Gewürztraminer

Gewürztraminer (countable and uncountable, plural Gewürztraminers)

[ɡəˈvɝtstɹəˌmiːnɚ]

Borrowed from German Gewürztraminer, from Gewürz (“spice”) + Traminer that is from "Tramin an der Weinstraße" in South Tyrol.

(uncountable) An aromatic white wine grape variety that grows best in cooler climates.


narcotism

narcotism (countable and uncountable, plural narcotisms)

A narcotic effect; the tendency to cause narcosis.


anxiolytic

en-adj

anxiolytic (comparative more anxiolytic, superlative most anxiolytic)

more anxiolytic (comparative)
most anxiolytic (superlative)

(pharmacology) That reduces anxiety; tranquilizing


anxiolytic

(pharmacology) A drug prescribed for the treatment of symptoms of anxiety.


mesylate

(pharmacology) Alternative form of mesilate.


pleiotropy

en-noun

pleiotropy (countable and uncountable, plural pleiotropies)

Coined by Ludwig Plate in 1910, from Ancient Greek πλείων (pleíōn) + -tropy; by surface analysis, pleio- + -tropy.

(pharmacology) The existence of drug effects (especially beneficial effects) other than the one for which the drug was designed.


estriol

estriol (countable and uncountable, plural estriols)

/ˈɛˌstɹaɪˌɔl/

(American spelling, biochemistry, steroids, pharmacology) A relatively weak natural estrogenic hormone that is a glycol C₁₈H₂₄O₃ found in the body chiefly as a metabolite of estradiol, is the main estrogen secreted by the placenta during pregnancy, and is the estrogen typically found in the urine of pregnant women.


tetracaine

tetracaine (countable and uncountable, plural tetracaines)

From tetra- + -caine (“local anesthetic”).

(pharmacology) A crystalline basic ester C₁₅H₂₄N₂O₂ that is closely related chemically to procaine and is used chiefly in the form of its hydrochloride as a local anesthetic.


gentamicin

gentamicin (countable and uncountable, plural gentamicins)

Alteration of gentamycin, as a blend of gentian violet + kanamycin, from the color of the actinomycete.

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic mixture, derived from an actinomycete (Micromonospora echinospora), extensively used as the sulfate in treating severe systemic bacterial infections (as of the urinary tract); (3R,4R,5R)-2-{[(1S,2S,3R,4S,6R)-4,6-diamino-3-{[(2R,3R,6S)-3-amino-6-[(1R)-1-(methylamino)ethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy}-2-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxy}-5-methyl-4-(methylamino)oxane-3,5-diol.


diamorphine

(pharmacology) The BAN name for the drug heroin.


anticholinesterase

(pharmacology) Any agent that inhibits the activity of cholinesterase

anticolinesterase

any agent that inhibits the activity of cholinesterase


antimuscarinic

en-adj

antimuscarinic (comparative more antimuscarinic, superlative most antimuscarinic)

more antimuscarinic (comparative)
most antimuscarinic (superlative)

(pharmacology) That disrupts the action of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, and/or of muscarine itself, in the nervous system.

antimuscarínico

that disrupts the action of muscarine on the nervous system


antinicotinic

antinicotinic (comparative more antinicotinic, superlative most antinicotinic)

more antinicotinic (comparative)
most antinicotinic (superlative)

(pharmacology) That inhibits the actions of nicotine and nicotine-like agents on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors


phytopharmaceutical

(pharmacology) Describing pharmaceutical agents of plant origin.


phytopharmaceutical

(pharmacology) A pharmaceutical agent of plant origin.


bioequivalence

(pharmacology) A measure of the equivalence of multiple formulations of a drug in terms of bioavailability


artemisinin

en-noun

artemisinin (countable and uncountable, plural artemisinins)

Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) isolated from Artemisia annua is a novel sesquiterpene lactone bearing an unusual endoperoxide function.

1994 May, Mankil Jung, “Current Developments in the Chemistry of Artemisinin and Related Compounds”, in Current Medicinal Chemistry, page 35:

The practical value of artemisinin itself as a therapeutic agent has been limited by several factors, however. Artemisinin has a high rate of recrudescence [8], poor oral activity [8], a short half-life in plasma [9], and limited solubility in both water and oil [10].

1998, Dee Ann Casteel, “Synthesis of Simple Bridged Bicyclic Trioxanes as Analogs of the Antimalarial Natural Product, Atemisinin”, in Attaur Rahman, editor, New Trends in Natural Product, page 30:

The emerging resistance to artemisinin is partly due to the complexity of the parasite and the unstoppable nature of its ability to evolve. But it is also the direct result of greed, for which there is no drug or vaccine.
In early 2009 the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the discovery of malaria parasites along the Thai-Cambodia border that were proving resistant to commonly used derivatives of artemisinin called artesunate and anthemeter.

2010, Bill Shore, The Imaginations of Unreasonable Men, page 222:

Artemisia annua
Artemisia annua#Translingual

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) An antimalarial drug derived from the sweet wormwood shrub, Artemisia annua, found as the active ingredient in traditional Chinese medical herbal treatment for malaria, chemically a sesquiterpene lactone - C₁₅H₂₂O₅.


cromolyn

cromolyn (countable and uncountable, plural cromolyns)

Two distinct anti-allergic drugs, amlexanox and cromolyn, bind to the same kinds of calcium binding proteins, except calmodulin, in bovine lung extract.

2006, Journal of the National Cancer Institute:

(pharmacology) A chemical substance, acting as a mast cell stabilizer.


nedocromil

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A medication used to prevent wheezing, shortness of breath, and other breathing problems caused by asthma.


prescription drug

prescription drug (plural prescription drugs)

2007, Steven Wilson, "Normal", Porcupine Tree, Nil Recurring.
Prescription drugs, they help me through the day / And that restraining order keeps me well at bay / And what's normal now, anyway?

(pharmacology) A licensed medicine that is regulated by legislation to require a prescription before it can be obtained.


baijiu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 白酒 (báijiǔ, “white alcohol”), where "white" refers to its clearness. Compare huangjiu (“yellow alcohol”).

A clear Chinese distilled alcoholic beverage, generally distilled from sorghum and about 40–60% alcohol by volume.


hillbilly heroin

From its initial popularity in rural regions in Kentucky, West Virginia, and Ohio.

Drug overdoses are the leading cause of accidental death in West Virginia, and the state leads the country in fatal drug overdoses. OxyContin—nicknamed “hillbilly heroin”—is king.

[2012 August 23, Conor Friedersdorf, quoting Chris Hedges and Joe Sacco, “What OxyContin Addicts in West Virginia Tell Us About the War on Drugs”, in The Atlantic:

In a year of big stories, the opioid crisis has become one of the biggest, though it’s been a problem since the early 2000s. Around then, people in Kentucky, West Virginia, and southeast Ohio started referring to Percocet, OxyContin, and Vicodin as “hillbilly heroin.”

[2017 September 6, Brian Alexander, “When a Company Is Making Money From the Opioid Crisis”, in The Atlantic:

(US slang, derogatory) Oxycodone (marketed as OxyContin), Percocet, or similar opiate drugs.


suxamethonium

From suxa- (“alteration of succinyl”) + meth(ylene) + -onium (“quaternary ammonium compound”).

af

suxamethonium chloride
suxamethonium chloride#English

(pharmacology) Synonym of suxamethonium chloride.


sympatholytic

(pharmacology) Any medicine having this effect.


debrisoquine

(pharmacology) A drug (derived from isoquinoline) used in the treatment of hypertension


antifolate

(pharmacology) That inhibits the activity of folic acid

antifolato

that inhibits the activity of folic acid


antifolate

(pharmacology) Any drug that inhibits the activity of folic acid; a folate antagonist

antifolato

any drug that inhibits the activity of folic acid


ceftriaxone

From cef- (“cefalosporanic acid derivative”) + tria(zine) + [Term?] + -one.

Ofloxacin and ceftriaxone had the highest sensitivity pattern to these uropathogens.

2015 July 24, Fidelis Agwu Onu et al., “Profile and microbiological isolates of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women in Abakaliki, Nigeria”, in Infection and Drug Resistance, volume 8, →DOI:

(pharmacology) A synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.


methotrexate

en-noun

methotrexate (countable and uncountable, plural methotrexates)

methotrexates (plural)
MTX (abbreviation)

/ˌmɛθ.əˈtɹɛkˌseɪt/

Probably from metho- + tre- (“alteration of pteridine”) + (carbo)x(yl)ate.

af

One group would be treated with intensive methotrexate dosing, while the other group would be treated with milder and less intensive dosing.

2010, Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Emperor of All Maladies, Fourth Estate, published 2011, page 133:

(pharmacology) An antimetabolite and antifolate drug used in treatment of cancer, autoimmune diseases, and ectopic pregnancies.


sudorific

en-adj

sudorific (comparative more sudorific, superlative most sudorific)

more sudorific (comparative)
most sudorific (superlative)

From New Latin sudorificus, from sūdor (“sweat”) (from Proto-Indo-European *sweyd- (“sweat; to sweat”)) + -ificus (from Proto-Italic *-fakos (suffix forming adjectives that denote bringing or making), ultimately related to Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to do, put, place”)).

der

The treatment of the "Charity [Hôpital de la Charité, Paris]," as administered now, consists in an assemblage of numerous substances endowed with different properties. It is as follows: First day, cassia water; simple sudorific ptisan, purgative clyster in the morning, anodyne clyster in the evening, theriaca one ounce, opium 1 gr.

1848, L. Tanquerel des Planches, “Treatment”, in Samuel L[uther] Dana, transl., Lead Diseases: A Treatise from the French of L. Tanquerel des Planches, with Notes and Additions on the Use of Lead Pipe and Its Substitutes, Lowell, Mass.: Daniel Bixby and Company, →OCLC, page 152:

That the skin is much affected under the sense of great fear, we see in the marvellous and inexplicable manner in which perspiration immediately exudes from it. This exudation is all the more remarkable, as the surface is then cold, and hence the term a cold sweat; whereas, the sudorific glands are properly excited into action when the surface is heated.

1872, Charles Darwin, “Surprise—Astonishment—Fear—Horror”, in The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, →OCLC, page 290:

The fortunes of the Helvetius family [i.e., the family of Johann Friedrich Schweitzer] were established firmly upon the sudorific, expectorant and emetic qualities of the root of ipecacuanha.

1955, Ian Cumming, “The Wisdom of Our Ancestors”, in Helvetius: His Life and Place in the History of Educational Thought (International Library of Sociology and Social Reconstruction; Sociological Approach to the Study of History), London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, →OCLC; reprinted as Helvetius: His Life and Place in the History of Educational Thought (The International Library of Sociology), London: Routledge, 2001, →ISBN, page 1:

(chiefly pharmacology) That produces sweating.


sudorific

[A]s it was obſerved that acute diſtempers are ſometimes terminated by a critical ſweat, it was concluded that the moſt powerful ſudorifics were the beſt means of accompliſhing this deſirable end. This gave riſe to the deſtructive and fatal practice, which ſoon became univerſal, of adminiſtering heating remedies in diſeaſes of an inflammatory nature: […]

1770, Thomas Percival, “Essay I. The Empiric.”, in Essays Medical and Experimental on the Following Subjects, viz. I. The Empiric. II. The Dogmatic. { Or, Arguments For and Against the Use of Theory and Reasoning in Physick. III. Experiments and Observations on Astringents and Bitters. IV. On the Uses and Operations of Blisters. V. On the Resemblance between Chyle and Milk, London: Printed for T. Lowndes, No. 77, in Fleet-street, →OCLC, pages 36–37:

The whole of this hill is covered with the wild sage, the salvia pomifera, […] It enters into the materia medica of the modern Greeks, and is taken as tea, and used as a sudorific in feverish cases.

1819, Edward Dodwell, chapter VI, in A Classical and Topographical Tour through Greece, during the Years 1801, 1805, and 1806. … In Two Volumes, volume II, London: Printed for Rodwell and Martin, New Bond-Street, →OCLC, page 228:

Fortunately the fever attacked me in the district town at the inn; I sent for the doctor. In half-an-hour the district doctor appeared, a thin, dark-haired man of middle height. He prescribed me the usual sudorific, ordered a mustard-plaster to be put on, very deftly slid a five-rouble note up his sleeve, coughing drily and looking away as he did so, and then was getting up to go home, but somehow fell into talk and remained.

1895, Ivan Turgenev, “The District Doctor”, in Constance Garnett, transl., A Sportsman’s Sketches [...] Translated from the Russian (The Novels of Ivan Turgenev; VIII), volume I, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page 56:

(pharmacology) A medicine that produces sweating.


twelve-ounce curls

From the size of common beer containers (bottles and cans) in the United States: twelve ounces + curls, a weightlifting exercise.

He sat on the couch all weekend eating chips and doing twelve-ounce curls.


electuary

From Middle English electuarie, eletuarie, electuary, from Latin electuarium, from Ancient Greek ἐκλείκτον (ekleíkton, “medicine which is licked away”), from ἐκλείχω (ekleíkhō, “I lick up”), from ἐκ (ek, “out, from”) + λείχω (leíkhō, “I lick”). Doublet of lekvar.

℞. the three kinds of Saunders, and Diarrhodon Abbatis, ana. ℈. j. the bone of the Harts heart one in number, Sugar roſate tabulate, of white Sugar diſſolued in Roſe water as much as ſufficeth, make an Electuarie, gild it with leaues of pure gold in weight, ℥. ß.

1624, Philip Barrough [i.e., Philip Barrow], “Of Electuaries, and Conserues: of Lozenges, and Manus Christi”, in The Method of Physick, Contaning^([sic]) the Cavses, Signes, and Cvres of Inward Diseases in Mans Body, from the Head to the Foote. Whereunto is Added, The Forme and Rule of Making Remedies and Medicines, which Our Physitions Commonly Vse at this Day, with the Proportion, Quantity, and Names of Each Medicine, 6th edition, book VII, London: Imprinted by Richard Field, dwelling in great Woodstreete, →OCLC, page 402:

(pharmacology) Any preparation of a medicine mixed with honey or other sweetener in order to make it more palatable to swallow.

elettuario

preparation of a medicine mixed with a sweetener


bishop's collar

en-noun

bishop's collar (plural bishop's collars)

From its appearance of having a white band above the black drink.

(Ireland, slang) a pint of Guinness (or similar) having too much head on top.


zythum

From Latin zȳthum, from Ancient Greek ζῦθος (zûthos).

Cartwright looked up from the Chamber’s^([sic]) Encyclopaedia […] One day he would get right to the end, to zythum. Not that he needed to. He had already peeped ahead and seen that it was a kind of ancient Egyptian beer, much recommended by Diodorus Siculus – whoever he was.

1991 September, Stephen Fry, chapter 1, in The Liar, London: Heinemann, →ISBN, →OCLC, section I, pages 14–15:

(historical) An unfermented kind of Egyptian malt beer.


Chinaman on one's back

Chinaman on one's back (plural not attested)


calimocho

Borrowed from Spanish calimocho, from Basque kalimotxo.

A cocktail consisting of approximately 50% red wine and 50% cola-based soft drink.


vectorize

en-verb

vectorize (third-person singular simple present vectorizes, present participle vectorizing, simple past and past participle vectorized)

vectorizes (present singular third-person)
vectorizing (participle present)
vectorized (participle past)
vectorized (past)

[…] peculiarities of the CNT structure can be used to vectorize drugs and other chemicals.

2018, Shyam Mohapatra et al., editors, Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 475:

(pharmacology) To lead selectively a drug to a target.


antihemorrhagic

en-adj

antihemorrhagic (comparative more antihemorrhagic, superlative most antihemorrhagic)

more antihemorrhagic (comparative)
most antihemorrhagic (superlative)

(pharmacology) That stops or reduces hemorrhage.


antihemorrhagic

(pharmacology) Any drug etc. that stops or reduces hemorrhage.

anti-hemorrágico

any drug etc. that stops or reduces hemorrhage


calcitriol

From calci- (“vitamin D analog/derivative”) + triol.

af

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A physiologically active metabolic derivative C₂₇H₄₄O₃ of cholecalciferol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) that is synthesized in the liver and kidney and stimulates the intestinal absorption of calcium.


recreational pharmaceutical

en-noun

recreational pharmaceutical (plural recreational pharmaceuticals)

If there is one person who can be held responsible for the emergence of cocaine as a recreational pharmaceutical, it was Freud.

2003, Dominic Streatfeild, Cocaine: An Unauthorized Biography, →ISBN, page 67:

controlled substance
controlled substance

A medication or similar controlled substance which is consumed outside the context of normal medical treatment for the sole purpose of inducing pleasant sensations, mental reverie, or a state of intoxication.


organomercurial

Describing any organic compound of mercury


organomercurial

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound of mercury, but especially such a drug


horilka

horilka (countable and uncountable, plural horilkas)

From Ukrainian горі́лка (horílka, “vodka”). Compare Belarusian гарэ́лка (harélka), South Russian горе́лка (gorélka).

In return for a glass of horilka he took us to the other end of the village, showed us an empty hut, and introduced us to its owner.

1931, Ekaterina Konstantinovna Breshko-Breshkovskaia, Lincoln Hutchinson ed., Hidden Springs of the Russian Revolution: Personal Memoirs of Katerina Breshkovskaia, Stanford University Press, page 32:

Ukrainian distilled spirit, sometimes flavoured with hot peppers.


zanamivir

/zəˈnæm.ɪˌvɪɹ/

From zan- (of unknown origin) + -amivir (“neuraminidase inhibitor”).

af

(pharmacology) An antiviral drug C₁₂H₂₀N₄O₇ that is a neuraminidase inhibitor taken by oral inhalation in the treatment and prophylaxis of Influenzavirus.


prokinetic

(pharmacology) Having the ability to induce motion in smooth muscles, especially those of the digestive system; gastrokinetic


prokinetic

(pharmacology) One of the class of drugs used on the digestive system, including all drugs whose primary effect is to augment the speed of intestinal transit by increasing the frequency of contractions in the small intestine or making them stronger, but without disrupting their rhythm.


scilla

From Latin scilla, from Ancient Greek σκίλλα (skílla). Doublet of squill.

Scilla, or sea onyon, hot and dry in the third degree.

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition II, section 4, member 2, subsection i:

(pharmacology) A bulb of Urginea scilla.


short-acting

en-adj

short-acting (comparative more short-acting, superlative most short-acting)

more short-acting (comparative)
most short-acting (superlative)

Short-acting insulin is maximally effective for one to three hours.

I have tried all the medium and short acting non-barbiturate sedatives since the war (including thalidomide) but they don’t work and I don’t trust the newfangled long acting, “safe” analgesics.

1988, E[dward] J[ames] Moran Campbell, Not Always on the Level, [London]: British Medical Journal, →ISBN, page 194:

(pharmacology) Having a pharmaceutical effect principally in the short term.

действащ кратко време

having a pharmaceutical effect in the short term


aguardiente

en-noun

aguardiente (countable and uncountable, plural aguardientes)

A strong alcoholic drink, especially pulque, found in Central and South America as well as the southwestern United States.


phenytoin

(pharmacology) A synthetic compound related to hydantoin, used as an anticonvulsant in the treatment of epilepsy.


IVIG

(medicine, pharmacology) Abbreviation of intravenous immunoglobulin.


vernage

Borrowed from Middle English vernage, from Anglo-Norman vernage, from Old Italian Vernaccia.

For quotations using this term, see Citations:vernage.

(historical) A sweet, white Italian wine.


trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

(pharmacology) A combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in the ratio of 1 to 5.


phenylephrine

phenylephrine (usually uncountable, plural phenylephrines)

α-adrenergic receptor
α-adrenergic receptor

(medicine, pharmacology) An α-adrenergic receptor agonist related to adrenaline, used as a vasoconstrictor and nasal decongestant; 3-(1-hydroxy-2-methylamino-ethyl)phenol, with the formula C₉H₁₃NO₂.


amoxicillin

amoxicillin (countable and uncountable, plural amoxicillins)

From am(picillin) + (hydr)oxy + -cillin.

(pharmacology) A moderate-spectrum, bacteriolytic beta-lactam antibiotic C₁₆H₁₉N₃O₅S closely related to ampicillin and with similar properties, but more readily absorbed when taken orally. It is used to treat bacterial infections caused by susceptible microorganisms.


raloxifene

From ral- (of unknown origin) + -oxifene (“tamoxifen derivative”).

af

(pharmacology) A drug used orally in the form of its hydrochloride C₂₈H₂₇NO₄S·HCl as prophylaxis against osteoporosis after menopause.


rapamycin

From Rapa Nui Rapa (Nui) (“Easter Island”) + -mycin.

(pharmacology) Alternative form of sirolimus.


arval

From Middle English arvell, from Old Norse erfiǫl (“a funeral feast”), from arfr (“inheritance”) + öl (“ale”). Cognate with Danish arveøl (“a wake, funeral feast”). More at erf, ale.

It was customary in the north to have an arval or funeral dinner after an interment.

1867, Memoirs of the Life of Mr. Ambrose Barnes, Late Merchant, page 65:

Only one better feast do I remember, and that was when we gave the arval for the old master when he died of the dropsy. That was a feast if you like. Such a one had never been heard of in the Valley.

2001, Christiaan Louis Leipoldt, Trevor Emslie, “Gallows Gecko”, in The Valley: a trilogy, page 204:

“Is there to be an arval dinner?” The arval was the traditional funeral feast celebrated throughout the Land Between the Lakes. It was customary to invite all who had known the deceased.

2008, Susan Wittig Albert, The Tale of Briar Bank, →ISBN:

(Scotland and Northern England, now rare) A funeral feast or wake at which bread and ale was served, traditional in Scotland, the North of England, and among the Norse.


naproxen

These days, especially when she kept on top of taking her naproxen, the hurt in her joints and limbs merely teased.

2021, Rivers Solomon, Sorrowland, #Merky Books, page 200:

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A certain non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes and thereby reduces pain, fever, inflammation, and stiffness.


mecamylamine

(pharmacology) A norbornane derivative which is a ganglionic nicotinic blocking agent, sometimes used in treating extreme hypertension; N,2,3,3-tetramethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ylamine, C₁₁H₂₁N.


mercaptopurine

en-noun

mercaptopurine (countable and uncountable, plural mercaptopurines)

(pharmacology) An thiol antimetabolite C₅H₄N₄S that interferes especially with the metabolism of purine bases and the biosynthesis of nucleic acids and that is sometimes used in the treatment of acute leukemia.


dacarbazine

An antineoplastic drug used in chemotherapy.


aclarubicin

From [Term?] + -rubicin (“daunorubicin derivative”).

af

(pharmacology) A particular drug used in chemotherapy.


amsacrine

From [Term?] + [Term?] + -crine (“acridine derivative”).


cladribine

From chl(or)- + ad(enine) + -ribine (“ribofuranosyl derivative of the pirazofurin type”).


cytarabine

From cyt(osine) + -arabine (“arabinofuranosyl derivative”).

(pharmacology) A cytotoxic antineoplastic agent C₉H₁₃N₃O₅ that is a synthetic isomer of the naturally occurring nucleoside of cytosine and arabinose and is used to treat several types of leukemias, especially acute myeloid leukemia in adults.

-citabine

nucleoside antiviral or antineoplastic agent


carboplatin

From carbo- + -platin (“platinum derivative”).

(pharmacology) An organic derivative of platinum that is used in chemotherapy.


aminopterin

en-noun

aminopterin (countable and uncountable, plural aminopterins)

(pharmacology) A 4-amino analog of folic acid used as a chemotherapy drug.