posology

posology (usually uncountable, plural posologies)

From Ancient Greek πόσος (pósos, “how much?”) + -ology (suffix indicating a branch of learning).

suffix

The difficulty here alluded to occurs in the doses of medicine exhibited by the ancient physicians. These have long been observed to be very large; and it was on remarking the impossibility, according to our ideas, of exhibiting them with safety to human life, or even of escaping destruction under their influence, that my observation was first drawn to the subject of ancient posology.

1820 April, E. Milligan, “On the Doses of the Ancient Physicians”, in The Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal: Exhibiting a Concise View of the Latest and Most Discoveries in Medicine, Surgery, and Pharmacy, volume XVI, number LXIII, Edinburgh: Printed by George Ramsay & Company, for Archibald Constable and Company, Edinburgh; Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, & Brown, London; and John Cumming, Dublin, →OCLC, page 186:

Dr. Wise […] mentions two systems of Hindu surgery and nine systems of medicine, three of materia medica, one of posology, one of pharmacy, and three of metallic preparations alone. From these one can gather the strength and dimensions of the scientific knowledge of ancient India regarding therapeutic agents of both organic and inorganic origin.

2000, L. D. Kapoor, “Introduction”, in Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants (Herbal Reference Library), Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, →ISBN, page 1:

Posology is usually well defined by medicinal plant specialists. Traditional formulations of medicinal plants processed for therapeutic uses (such as teas, syrups, concoctions, beverages, etc.) are expected to be ingested over a given period of time, varying with the expected length of the condition to be treated, and the time required for the remedy to attain its curative goal.

2002, Elaine Elisabetsky, “Traditional Medicines and the New Paradigm of Psychotropic Drug Action”, in Maurice M[maduakolam] Iwu, Jacqueline C. Wootton, editors, Ethnomedicine and Drug Discovery (Advances in Phytomedicine; 1), Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, →ISBN, page 136:

The posologies employed require careful clinical and electrical supervision, and the same anticoagulant measures as for electrical cardioversion are necessary.

2012, Y. Grosgogeat, “Cerebral Ischemic Accidents of Cardiac Origin”, in Jacques Bories, editor, Cerebral Ischaemia: A Neuroradiological Study (Neuroradiology; volume 27, number 6), Berlin: Springer-Verlag, →DOI, →ISBN, page 130:

(countable, uncountable, pharmacy, pharmacology) The study of the dosages of drugs, especially the determination of appropriate dosages.


DDD

en-noun

DDD (countable and uncountable, plural DDDs)

The authors found a significant decrease in the defined daily doses (DDD) of antibiotics in both units B and C, but not in unit A. Although just a single center study, this illustrates the impact that ID specialist approval can have on antibiotic use.

2017, Christopher D. Doern, Carey-Ann D. Burnham, “Selective Reporting and Antimicrobial Stewardship”, in Kerry LaPlante, Cheston Cunha, Haley Morrill, Louis Rice, Eleftherios Mylonakis, editors, Antimicrobial Stewardship: Principles and Practice, Wallingford: CABI, →ISBN, page 115:

(pharmacology) Initialism of defined daily dose: a statistical measure of drug consumption.


-tide

(pharmacology) Used to form names of peptides and glycopeptides.


drachm

Borrowed into late Middle English from Old French dragme (modern French drachme), from Late Latin dragma. Doublet of dirham.

(units of measurement) A small unit of weight, variously:

(pharmacy) One eighth (1⁄8) of an ounce apothecary (3.89 g; symbol: ℨ or ʒ).

units of measurement; pharmacy; pharmacy


silver bullet

The Martini is nicknamed “the silver bullet” because of its supposedly lethal properties.

[2003, Lowell Edmunds, Martini, Straight Up: The Classic American Cocktail, JHU Press, →ISBN, page 64:

For a classic silver bullet martini, you simply need to choose your poison—gin or vodka—and add dry vermouth and olives. For the more complex concoctions, you'll want to stock up on flavored vodkas, juices, garnishes, and liqueurs.

2007, Sally Ann Berk, Martini Book: 201 Ways to Mix the Perfect American Cocktail, Hachette, →ISBN:

(colloquial) A classic dry martini cocktail.


rice wine

rice wine (countable and uncountable, plural rice wines)

An alcoholic beverage made from fermenting various forms of rice, usually with an ABV similar to grape wine.


cyclophosphamide

cyclophosphamide (countable and uncountable, plural cyclophosphamides)

The patient was treated with methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide, and azathioprine, as well as burn center protocol care with daily tankings.

1993, Virginia Medical Quarterly, volumes 120-121, page 44:

(pharmacology) An immunosuppressive, antineoplastic drug used in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease and certain other forms of cancer.


holoprosencephaly

holoprosencephaly (countable and uncountable, plural holoprosencephalies)

From Ancient Greek ὅλος (hólos, “whole”) + πρόσω (prósō, “forwards, onwards”) (referring to the prosencephalon (“forebrain”)) + ἐγκέφαλος (enképhalos, “brain”) + English -y (suffix denoting a condition), i.e. “condition of a whole (inappropriately divided) forebrain”. By surface analysis, holo- + pro- + -s- + encephal- + -y.

surf

(teratology) A congenital disorder involving insufficient division of the lobes of the brain during fetal development, resulting in skull and facial deformities ranging from minor cleft lip problems to cyclopia, in which a single eye develops where the nose would normally be.

holoprosenkefalia

a congenital disorder involving insufficient division of the lobes of the brain


cyclosporine

(pharmacology) Alternative form of ciclosporin.


cycloserine

en-noun

cycloserine (countable and uncountable, plural cycloserines)

(pharmacology) A broad-spectrum antibiotic C₃H₆N₂O₂ produced by an actinomycete (Streptomyces orchidaceus) and used especially in the treatment of tuberculosis.


8 ball

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-8 ball.wav

(slang) A 40 ounce bottle of malt liquor


magistral

en-adj

magistral (comparative more magistral, superlative most magistral)

more magistral (comparative)
most magistral (superlative)

From Middle French magistral, and its source, Latin magistrālis, from magister (“master”). Doublet of mistral.

(obsolete, pharmacology) Sovereign (of a remedy); extremely effective.

(pharmacology) Formulated extemporaneously, or for a special case; opposed to officinal, and said of prescriptions and medicines.


magistral

en-noun

magistral (countable and uncountable, plural magistrals)

(pharmacology) A sovereign medicine or remedy.


sarin

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sarin.wav

Named after the initials of its creators, Gerhard Schrader (1903–1990), Ambros, Rüdiger and Van der Linde.

The health minister in Turkey, which treated many of the attack's victims and conducted autopsies on others, said test results conducted on victims confirmed sarin gas was used.

2017 April 12, Samuel Osborne, “Vladimir Putin says US-Russia relations are worse since Donald Trump took office”, in The Independent:

Because Syria was not a signatory of the Chemical Weapons Convention, there was no international mechanism to ascribe responsibility for the attack, although UN inspectors did conclude that sarin had been deployed.

2022 April 17, Scott Lucas, “When Will There Be Justice Over Assad’s Sarin Attacks?”, in EA WorldView:

Trostianets mayor Yuriy Bova said officials had discovered traces of the deadly substance sarin and other chemical substances. Sarin is a clear and odourless substance that is classed as a potentially lethal nerve agent.

2022 April 18, Paul Withers, “Putin chemical weapon horror: Ukrainian mayor says 'remains' of sarin found after retreat”, in Daily Express:

(toxicology, military) The nerve gas O-isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate, used as a chemical weapon.


SPC

SPC (countable and uncountable, plural SPCs)

(pharmacology) Initialism of single pill combination.


generic name

Its generic name is rosuvastatin, but you may know it better by the proprietary name Crestor.

(pharmacology, pharmacy) A nonproprietary name given to a drug that is used to identify it irrespective of trademark.

yleisnimi

(pharmacology, pharmacy) name given to a drug that is used to identify it irrespective of trademark


aprosopia

/æpɹəˈsəʊpɪə/

From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-) + πρόσωπον (prósōpon, “face”) + -ῐᾰ (-ia).

af

(teratology) having an underdeveloped face, or having no face


ataraxy

en-noun

ataraxy (usually uncountable, plural ataraxies)

From Middle French ataraxie, from Ancient Greek ἀταραξία (ataraxía, “impassiveness”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + ταράσσω (tarássō, “I disturb”). Doublet of ataraxia.

der

Ataraxy can be produced by ataractics, drugs that have a calming or quieting effect.

2000, M. Basavanna, Dictionary of Psychology, Allied Publishers, →ISBN, page 28:

(pharmacology, pharmacy) State of psychological calm and tranquility, absence of discomfort, or metabolical inactivity.


magistery

en-noun

magistery (countable and uncountable, plural magisteries)

/ˈmæd͡ʒɪstəɹi/

/ˈmæd͡ʒəˌstəɹi/

PIE word
 *méǵh₂s
From Middle English magisteri, magistery (“academic degree of Master”), from Latin magisterium (“office of a chief, director, president, or superintendent; teaching office or authority of the Roman Catholic Church; authoritative statement”) (compare Late Latin magisterium (“philosopher’s stone”)), from magister (“master (title for a person in authority or one having a licence from a university to teach liberal arts and philosophy); teacher”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂s (“big, great”) + *-teros (contrastive or oppositional suffix forming adjectives)) + -ium (suffix forming abstract nouns, sometimes denoting groups and offices). Doublet of magisterium. Cognate with French magistère, Old French magisteire.

der

(countable, pharmacology, veterinary medicine) A medicine prepared for a specific use.


cleft palate

(teratology) An abnormal condition in which the two plates of the skull that form the hard palate (roof of the mouth) are not completely joined.


hanepoot

en-noun

hanepoot (countable and uncountable, plural hanepoots)

(South Africa) Wine made from muscat blanc d'Alexandrie.


insangu

(South Africa) Any particular plant which is smoked as a recreational drug, especially (wild) hemp.


doxy

I know one patient who couldn't take the tabs but could tolerate liquid doxy.

1996 May 7, Phyllis Mervine, “Re: Tetracycline”, in sci.med.diseases.lyme (Usenet):

(informal, pharmacology) Clipping of doxycycline.


metheglin

metheglin (countable and uncountable, plural metheglins)

From Welsh meddyglyn, from meddyg (“doctor, healer”) (from Latin medicus) + llyn (“liquor”) (cognate with Irish lionn and Gaelic leann).

A more practical critic notes that paleolithic man had a very sweet tooth, which he sated with honey. Worse, he moonshined the honey into metheglin, an alcoholic brew. Booze and junk food, in other words, are hardly modern inventions.

1985 June 6, “Opinion: Topics: Lean and Rich History: Ancient Eatings”, in New York Times, retrieved 2023-12-15, Section A, page A26:

But Gwen behind the bar said: ‘Try this, mead it is called.’ Reg admired the pure long high front vowel. Sack mead and sack metheglin. A scholarly man, tall and in leggings, his face a map of purple rivery veins, said: ‘Well, it’s the Welsh national drink, or was. Should properly be meddyglyn, liquor being llyn and meddyg from medicus, the healer'.

In Digbie's era metah, metheglin, and melomel were probably considered synonyms. […] "Melomel" today usually means a mead flavored with any fruit juice other than apples or pears. Peaches, cherries, blackberries, or plumbs^([sic]) are some good, historic choices.

2001, David Alan Woolsey, Libations of the Eighteenth Century: A Concise Manual for the Brewing of Authentic Beverages from the Colonial Era of America, and of Times Past:


theriac

theriac (countable and uncountable, plural theriacs)

From Medieval Latin theriacum, from Ancient Greek θηριακὸν (thēriakòn) and Late Latin theriaca, from Ancient Greek θηριακὴ (thēriakḕ, “of or related to poisonous reptiles”), from θηρίον (thēríon, “little beast”) + -κός (-kós), from θήρ (thḗr, “beast”) + -ίον (-íon, diminutive suffix). Doublet of theriaca.

der

This excellent triacle Methridatum is nexte in qualitye and virtue to Theriaca... but onely Theriaca is a little hotter and stronger againste venyme of Snakes.

1558, William Bullein, The Government of Health, fol. 120

Theriaca Andromachi, the Venice or Mithridate treacle...
Theriaca communis, common treacle, or molasses...
Theriaca Londinensis, a cataplasm of cummin seed, bay-berries, germander, snake-root, cloves and honey.

1811, John Quincy et al., Quincy's Lexicon-Medicum..., s.v:

From then on galene became the theriac par excellence, known simply as theriac, and there never was a more successful drug[…] Those who could afford it gulped down a bean-sized lump of theriac for practically everything from the Black Death to nothing at all, as a preventive.

1975, Guido Majno, The Healing Hand, Harvard University Press, page 415:

Theriac was essentially homeopathic in its supposed function, being an improvement on mithridate by virtue of containing more poisons.

(pharmacology, historical) A universal antidote against all poisons, particularly medicines considered to derive from a recipe of the Roman physician Andromachus and representing an improvement on mithridate.

تِرْيَاق

a supposed universal antidote, distinguished from mithridate

...ane half vnce of guid auld theriac...

1568, Gilbert Skeyne, Ane Breue Descriptioun of the Pest, Ch. 7

...the great number of Vipers, brought to the Grand Duke of Toscany for the composing of Theriac or Treacle...

1666, Philosophical Transactions, volume I, page 160:

...in the herbal (Kra:uterbuch) of German physician Adam Lonicer... In his final edition, published in 1587 (the year after his death), Lonicer added an entry on bezoar, "a stone against all poison," which he highlighted as "more powerful than any other poison antidote or theriac."

2021, Alisha Rankin, The Poison Trials, page 179:

(pharmacology, archaic) Synonym of antidote, particularly (pseudoscience) those incorporating snakemeat to cure snakebite.


mavrodaphne

en-noun

mavrodaphne (usually uncountable, plural mavrodaphnes)

From Greek μαυροδάφνη (mavrodáfni), from Medieval Greek μαῦρος (maûros, “dark”) + δάφνη (dáphnē, “laurel”) (see also Daphne).

He^([Gustav Clauss]) established vineyards in the area, using local grapes, especially the “black grape of Dafne,” mavrodaphne. He created the sweet style of mavrodaphne known today.

2012, Joel Butler, Randall Heskett, Divine Vintage: Following the Wine Trail from Genesis to the Modern Age, page 223:

A variety of grape native to Achaea, northern Peloponnese, Greece, from which the wine is made.


ganja

ganja (usually uncountable, plural ganjas)

→ Afrikaans: ganja

→ English: gunja

→ Tiwi: kanja

→ French: ganja

→ German: Ganja

→ Italian: gangia

→ Japanese: ガンジャ (ganja)

→ Portuguese: ganja

desc

→ Serbo-Croatian: га̑нџа, gȃndža, га̏нџа, gȁndža

→ Spanish: ganya

Borrowed from Hindi गांजा (gāñjā), ultimately from Sanskrit गञ्जा (gañjā, “hemp”). First use appears c. 1800.

It must be the ganja, it's the marijuana / That's creeping up on me, why I'm so high

2009, “Must Be the Ganja”, in Relapse, performed by Eminem:

(slang, especially India, Singapore, Caribbean) Marijuana, as used for smoking.


diuretic

en-adj

diuretic (comparative more diuretic, superlative most diuretic)

more diuretic (comparative)
most diuretic (superlative)

From Middle English diuretyk, from Old French diuretique; ultimately from Ancient Greek διουρητικός (diourētikós). By surface analysis, diuresis + -etic.

Blackcurrant leaf has a diuretic action [11,12,14], therefore it should not be taken concurrently with diuretics indicated for cardiac or renal insufficiency except on medical advice.

2003, European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy, ESCOP Monographs: The Scientific Foundation for Herbal Medicinal Products, page 426:

Further experiments are needed to elaborate the exact mechanisms of the hypotensive and diuretic effects of diterpene kaurenoids.

2016, Maurice M. Iwu, Food as Medicine: Functional Food Plants of Africa:

(medicine, pharmacology) Increasing the amount or frequency of urination.


diuretic

(medicine, pharmacology) A drug or a substance that increases the rate of urine excretion.


Virgin Mary

Blend of virgin + Bloody Mary, from non-alcoholic drinks being labelled "virgin".

A drink made with tomato juice and spices, resembling a Bloody Mary, but without alcohol.


two-four

From the two digits used to form the number twenty-four, decimal 24, in place notation.

Happy and me chip in together and buy a two-four of Labatt's plus a couple of bags of potato chips.

1980, Sundogs: Stories from Saskatchewan, page 85:

“Winston, Maxine and I are going to the beer store to buy a two four, would you mind staying here with baby until I get back?”

2007, Michell Downey, Beauty and the Beast Within, page 233:

(Canada, slang) A case of twenty-four bottles or cans of beer.


hard lemonade

en-noun

hard lemonade (countable and uncountable, plural hard lemonades)

From "Mike's Hard Lemonade", a North American brand of shandy.


shroom

en-verb

shroom (third-person singular simple present shrooms, present participle shrooming, simple past and past participle shroomed)

shrooms (present singular third-person)
shrooming (participle present)
shroomed (participle past)
shroomed (past)

Not just because it was sophmoric^([sic]) and juvenile (which it surely was) but I was shrooming pretty heavily by now.

2012, Michael E. Monahan, College Boy, AuthorHouse, →ISBN, page 23:

Just a few months ago I was in Amsterdam with two old friends from the Lahore art world. On a warm summer night we checked out some galleries and walked along the canals, whirring bicycles and shrooming teenagers passing us in the darkness.

2014, Mohsin Hamid, Discontent and Its Civilizations: Dispatches from Lahore, New York and London, Penguin UK, →ISBN:

(intransitive, slang) To take magic mushrooms.


topical

A substance, especially a medication, applied externally (to the surface of the skin or eye).


DXM

(pharmacology) Abbreviation of dextromethorphan.


toxicologist

Toxicologists at the Taft Laboratory at the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) here are dosing mice with poppers to solve the baffling mystery of diseases which are killing gay men.

1982 April 10, John Zeh, “Mice Test Poppers”, in Gay Community News, page 3:

A scientist or physician who specializes in toxicology.

toxicòleg

scientist or physician who speciality is toxicology


dextromethorphan

(pharmacology) An opioid that is used as an antitussive drug, found in many over-the-counter cold and cough preparations, and as an NMDA blocker used to treat pseudobulbar affect.


achondroplastic

(teratology) Of, related to, or suffering from achondroplasia.

achondroplasique

relating to or suffering from achondroplasia


over the counter

(pharmacy) Able to be obtained without a doctor's prescription.


toxicology

en-noun

toxicology (countable and uncountable, plural toxicologies)

From French toxicologie, equivalent to toxico- + -logy.

(sciences, pharmacology) The branch of pharmacology that deals with the nature, effect, detection and treatment of poisons and poisoning.

toksikologie

scientific study of poisons and poisoning


corduroy

corduroy (countable and uncountable, plural corduroys)

Origin uncertain. Probably from cord + duroy (“a 17th century coarse fabric made in England”). Probably not from French *corde du roi (“cloth of the king”), which is unattested in French, where the term for the corduroy is velours côtelé. Possibly from cordesoy (“corde de soie”), or "rope of silk or silk-like fabric" in French), named for example in a 1756 advertisement for clothing fabrics; see Wikipedia article, and comparable in language form to the contemporary serg(e)dusoys (“silk serge”), see Serge (fabric).

compound

Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke.[…]A silver snaffle on a heavy leather watch guard which connected the pockets of his corduroy waistcoat, together with a huge gold stirrup in his Ascot tie, sufficiently proclaimed his tastes.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

We turned to see a muscular young man lounging in the door which led into the sitting-room. He wore green corduroy trousers, a duffle coat and an old school tie.

1956, Delano Ames, chapter 4, in Crime out of Mind:

A heavy fabric, usually made of cotton, with vertical ribs.

Another description of what would be termed adulterated spirits, is by the vulgar termed "Corduroy," on account of the rough feeling which it imparts to the tongue and palate.

[1834 June 16, John Edgar, “Minutes of Evidence, Monday, the Sixteenth Day of June, 1834”, in Evidence on Drunkenness, London: British and Foreign Temperance Society, published 1834, page 93:

To men of common gumption, / Hot strange, besides, must seem / At this time any scheme / To put a check upon potheen's consumption, / When all are calling for Irish Poor Laws! / Instead of framing more laws, / To pauperism if you'd give a pegger, / Don't check, but patronise their "Kill-the-Beggar!" / If Pat is apt to go in Irish Linen, / (Buttoning his coat, with nothing but his skin in) / Would any Christian man -- that's quite himself, / His wits not floor'd, or laid upon the shelf --, While blaming Pat for raggedness, poor boy, / Would deprive him of his "Corduroy!"

1835, Thomas Hood, “Ode to J. S. Buckingham, Esq. M.P.”, in The Comic Annual, pages 135–136:

(obsolete, Ireland, slang) Cheap and poor-quality whiskey.

A pattern on snow resulting from the use of a snow groomer to pack snow and improve skiing, snowboarding and snowmobile trail conditions. Corduroy is widely regarded as a good surface on which to ski or ride.


corduroy

en-verb

corduroy (third-person singular simple present corduroys, present participle corduroying, simple past and past participle corduroyed)

corduroys (present singular third-person)
corduroying (participle present)
corduroyed (participle past)
corduroyed (past)

The night was very dark and it rained heavily, the roads were so bad that the troops had to cut trees and corduroy the road a part of the way, to get through.

1886, Ulysses S. Grant, Personal Memoirs of U.S. Grant, chapter 53:

But Sherman organized “pioneer battalions” of soldiers and freedmen […] to cut saplings and trees to corduroy the roads, build bridges, and construct causeways.

1988, James McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, Oxford, published 2004, pages 827–8:

To make (a road) by laying down split logs or tree-trunks over a marsh, swamp etc.


DM

en-noun

DM (countable and uncountable, plural DMs)

(pharmacology) Abbreviation of dextromethorphan; also DXM.


tranquilizer

(pharmacology) A drug used to reduce anxiety or tension.

(loosely) A gun that fires sedative darts.


sedative

Inherited from Middle English sedatif, from Anglo-Norman sedatif, from Medieval Latin sēdātīvus, which itself likely influenced the modern spelling.

(pharmacology) An agent or drug that sedates, having a calming or soothing effect, or inducing sleep.


sedative

en-adj

sedative (comparative more sedative, superlative most sedative)

more sedative (comparative)
most sedative (superlative)

(pharmacology) Calming, soothing, inducing sleep, tranquilizing

успокоителен

calming, soothing, inducing sleep, tranquilizing


analgesic

From analgesia (“absence of pain”) + -ic, from New Latin, from Ancient Greek ἀν- (an-, “without”) + ἄλγησις (álgēsis, “sense of pain”), from ἄλγος (álgos, “pain”).

I am taking an analgesic. Is it safe to drink alcoholic beverages?

2004, Jocoby, David B. and Youngson, R. M., Encyclopedia of Family Health, Marshall Cavendish, page 137:

2010, Associated Press staff, Cadence signs option to buy Incline (original copy), Bloomberg Businessweek

Incline makes Ionsys, a potential analgesic for adult inpatients requiring opioid pain treatment after surgery.

(pharmacology) Any medicine, such as aspirin, that reduces pain, especially without inducing a loss of other sensation. (Contrast anesthetic.)


analgesic

analgesic (comparative more analgesic, superlative most analgesic)

more analgesic (comparative)
most analgesic (superlative)

(pharmacology) Of or relating to analgesia; anodyne.

(of medicine) Acting to relieve pain; being an analgesic.

With the exception of the foot and a small area over the malar bone, the entire left side of the body is analgesic and anaesthetic. This extends to the exact median line of the body, including the left half of the tongue, nose and chin, […]

1896, Philadelphia General Hospital, Reports: Collected Reprints, page 138:

(I find that he is analgesic and anaesthetic; evidently he is in a state of passive somnambulism.)
E. A. Did you feel anybody touch you?
K. No. There's no one near me. (He continues laughing and talking. […])

1924, Maurice Walter Keatinge, Suggestion in Education:

Of or relating to analgesia; anodyne.
Unable to feel pain.


crème de menthe

/ˌkɹɛmdəˈmɑnθ/


tsipouro

Greek τσίπουρο (tsípouro, “pomace brandy”)

uder

A Greek alcoholic spirit distilled from marc or pomace, similar to grappa.


Tsinandali

Borrowed from Georgian წინანდალი (c̣inandali).

A dry white wine, from the Telavi and Kvareli regions of Georgia, made from Rkatsiteli and Mtsvane grape varieties


plum brandy

en-noun

plum brandy (usually uncountable, plural plum brandies)

A distilled alcoholic drink made with plums.


arachnodactyly

(teratology) a condition in which the fingers and hands are abnormally long and slender


Soave

en-proper noun

Soave (countable and uncountable, plural Soaves)

A dry white wine made in that region from grape varieties that include the Garganega.


tet

en-noun

tet (countable and uncountable, plural tets)

I was on oral tet for months after I was first dx backn in '88. All I got from it was a very, very nasty and upset GI track. I had to stop it.

1996 May 1, phyllis....@den.mmc.com, “Re: Tetracycline”, in sci.med.diseases.lyme (Usenet):

(informal, pharmacology) Clipping of tetracycline.


Tylenol

(Canada, US, pharmacology) A brand of acetaminophen (“paracetamol”)


martini

martini (countable and uncountable, plural martinis)

→ Japanese: マティーニ (matīni)

Will you join us at six o’clock for martinis?

My boss is out on another of his three-martini lunches.

Even at Juneau's prices, ten dollars worth of martinis is a lot of liquor to drink in an hour.

1961 Jan, Robert Silverberg, Amazing Stories, page 26, column 2:

Could any tiger
Drink martinis, smoke cigars,
And last as we do?

c. 1963, W[ystan] H[ugh] Auden, “Symmetries & Asymmetries”, in Edward Mendelson, editor, Collected Poems, New York: Random House, published 1976, →ISBN, page 551:

He drank martini, played bridge in the club, and captured treaty-port life wickedly.

1997, Caroline Courtauld, May Holdsworth, The Hong Kong Story, Oxford, Oxon, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 21:

I had the feeling that had he been a smoker he would have lit a cigarette at this moment. I suspected that once he had been a smoker, for he seemed as if he wished someone would offer him one. He drank martini instead.

2006, Joan [Elizabeth] Taylor, Conversations with Mr. Prain, Hoboken, N.J.: Melville House Publishing, →ISBN, page 172:

After the meal, they drank martini on the rocks in the lounge.

2007, Margaret S. Ngwa, Divine Love for Cleansing, Patron Publishing House, →ISBN, page 63:

A cocktail made with gin or vodka and vermouth.

I love the chocolate martinis at Trendy Bar!

(sometimes proscribed) Any cocktail served in a cocktail glass, often sweet or fruity and aimed at women.


zinfandel

zinfandel (countable and uncountable, plural zinfandels)

Unknown origin; wine sense used from 1896, grape sense from 1880. Possibly a transmission of German Zierfandler, a different wine grape, through a Hungarian intermediary such as czirifandli (now Cirfandli).

A small black grape from which zinfandel wine is made.


schnapps

schnapps (usually uncountable, plural schnappses or schnapps)

apple schnapps; peach schnapps

(uncountable) A type of distilled alcoholic beverage (liquor), often with a herbal or fruit flavoring, typically drunk neat as an apéritif or digestif.


mimosa

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-mimosa.wav

From New Latin mimosa, from Latin mimus (“mime, actor”), referring to Mimosa pudica and its habit of shrinking back when touched. The cocktail is named after the bright yellow, fragrant flowers of the mimosa Acacia dealbata.

Certain plants of the genus Albizia (silk tree, pink siris).


racephedrine

(pharmacology) Synthetic ephedrine, being a racemate of the R- and S- forms.


ice wine

ice wine (countable and uncountable, plural ice wines)

A sweet dessert wine made from grapes that are harvested after they have naturally frozen on the vine.

ijswijn

a sweet wine made from grapes that are harvested after being frozen on the vine


Kölsch

The Germanic/German dialect spoken in and around Cologne, Germany, part of the Ripuarian language area


Kölsch

Kölsch (countable and uncountable, plural Kölsches or Kölschs)

We are starting to see more Kölschs, more Pilseners, and a renaissance of so-called “pre-Prohibition-style” lagers. This is a positive trend. Compared to pale ales, amber ales and “amber” lagers, true Kölschs and Pilseners have been underrepresented in the mix of brands produced by microbrewers, regional brewers and brewpubs in the U.S. today.

Looking at the industry as a whole, I see a rich and diverse beer culture in America that offers everything from lightly flavored summer Kölsches to unbelievably assertive imperial IPAs.

Though you may feel the need to dare to drink different, bigger brews, and we encourage this rock ’n’ roll spirit, we want you to recognize the vastness of the craft world within even one style of beer, the pleasure that can come from comparing Kölschs and weighing in on Witbiers.

2009, Christina Perozzi; Hallie Beaune, The Naked Pint: An Unadulterated Guide to Craft Beer, Perigee, →ISBN:

It’s a bracing, bright day, the kind of morning that wakes you up and clears your head, and I soon realise I’m not feeling too bad at all. Remarkable really, after all those Kölschs: nothing short of a miracle.

2011, Tom Chesshyre, “Cologne: ‘Fear and Loathing by the Rhine’”, in Tales from the Fast Trains: Europe at 186 MPH, Summersdale Publishers, →ISBN, page 276:

Roland ordered us two Kölsches, which arrived as we pondered the menu—actually, Roland did most of the pondering as it was printed completely in German; I just wondered.

2013, Jeff Martindale, “Spontaneous Germany”, in An Accidental Globetrotter: A Travel Memoir, Bloomington, Ind.: iUniverse, Inc., →ISBN, page 71:

Styles range from lager-like Kölschs and hazy Hefeweizens, through best bitters and porters, to IPAs and up to huge Imperial Stouts and Barley Wines.[…]Whereas you can buy other Köln-brewed Kölschs in bottles (such as Früh, Gäffel, Dom), you need to go to the brewery to drink Päffgen.

2013, Mark Dredge, Craft Beer World: A Guide to Over 350 of the Finest Beers Known to Man, Dog ‘n’ Bone Books, →ISBN:

But Paul was not content to brew endless amounts of blonde ales, Kölschs, and amber ales because he had been told that he could never sell an IPA in Nebraska: “We had several people from the very beginning tell us not to make those beers,” head brewer Tyson Arp said.

2014 September, Sean Lewis, ““Somebody Please Notice We’re Here!””, in We Make Beer: Inside the Spirit and Artistry of America’s Craft Brewers, St. Martin’s Press, →ISBN, pages 148–149:

Back in town I continue my search and find a few more Kölsches: Brauhaus Sion (nice grapefruity freshness), Brauhaus Peter (clean and hoppy), and Reissdorf (a little sweet, a little toasty).[…]In the last two days I have drunk 10 different beers in each city and feel the Kölsches were within a narrower flavor profile, being relatively similar to each other, whereas Alts had more range of aroma and flavor.

2015, Mark Dredge, The Best Beer in the World: One Man’s Globe Search for the Perfect Pint, Dog ‘n’ Bone Books, →ISBN:

Beers that are fermented at higher temperatures (usually between 50°F and 80°F), causing the yeast to rise to the top. It’s a process used for a variety of styles, including, but not limited to, ales like Goses, wheats, Kölsches, and porters.

2017, Thea Engst, Lauren Vigdor, “How to Order”, in Drink Like a Bartender, Adams Media, →ISBN, page 92:

‘Word is Julian didn’t get his shiner just falling down the stairs after a few too many Kölsches, if you get me.’

2021, Isabel Rogers, Continental Riff (The Stockwell Park Orchestra Series; volume three), Farrago, →ISBN:

Mason had noticed the range of lagers and beers on tap and suggested two Kölschs’ and some potato chips.

2022, David M Thomas, The Schneider Papers, Novum, →ISBN:

A type of lager-conditioned ale traditionally brewed in and around Cologne, Germany.


active ingredient

active ingredient (plural active ingredients)

(pharmacology) The specific compound in a natural or man-made mixture that is responsible for the mixture's activity.


whippet

Probably from whip (“to move quickly”) + -et.

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-whippet.wav

A dog of a certain breed, similar to a small greyhound, originating in Britain and bred for racing.

whippet

a dog of a certain breed, similar to a small greyhound, originating in Britain and bred for racing


refill

[ˈɹʷɪi̯.fɪɫ]

l-vocalizing: UK, General Australian, New Zealand

That which serves to refill or replace something.

(medicine, pharmacy) A repeat of a prescription.


refill

en-verb

refill (third-person singular simple present refills, present participle refilling, simple past and past participle refilled)

refills (present singular third-person)
refilling (participle present)
refilled (participle past)
refilled (past)

(medicine, pharmacy) To repeat a prescription.


hotshot

Indeed, development proceeded so rapidly thereafter that Mopac, for instance, was rebuilding a series of 10-year-old Woodard 2-8-4's into 4-8-4's by 1940 - not because they couldn't steam but because their 63-inch drivers couldn't roll the hotshots fast enough.

1959, David P. Morgan, editor, Steam's Finest Hour, Kalmbach Publishing Co.:

(US, rail transport) A fast freight train.

I sniffed glue, transmission fluid, gasoline, whatever drug anybody gave me, I took. […] [Y]ears ago, I was in a drug rehabilitation program and found out that my brother was killed after somebody gave him a hotshot, drugs laced with poison.

1997, Andi Rierden, The Farm: Life inside a women's prison, page 120:

(slang) A dose of recreational drugs deliberately laced with poison.


hotshot

hotshot (third-person singular simple present hotshots, present participle hotshotting, simple past and past participle hotshotted)

hotshots (present singular third-person)
hotshotting (participle present)
hotshotted (participle past)
hotshotted (past)

(transitive, slang) To give (somebody) a dose of recreational drugs deliberately laced with poison.


autolysis

From auto- (“self”) + -lysis (“breakdown”).

(wine) The decomposition of dead yeast cells in wine after fermentation.


downer

German: Downer

(slang) A drug that has depressant qualities.


vegetal

en-adj

vegetal (comparative more vegetal, superlative most vegetal)

more vegetal (comparative)
most vegetal (superlative)

/ˈvɛd͡ʒɨtl̩/

/ˈvɛd͡ʒɪ̈tl̩/

Borrowed from Late Latin vegetālis, from vegetō.

(wine) Having a grassy, herbaceous taste.


jenever

en-noun

jenever (countable and uncountable, plural jenevers)

Borrowed from Dutch jenever (“jenever”), from Old French genevre, from Vulgar Latin ziniperus, from Latin iūniperus (“juniper”).

A Dutch and Flemish alcoholic spirit, flavoured with juniper, rather like gin.


piña colada

From Spanish piña colada (“sifted pineapple”).

bor

A cocktail containing rum, pineapple juice, coconut milk and a dash of syrup, blended with crushed ice.


gimlet

From Middle English gimlet etc., from Old French guinbelet, guimbelet, guibelet, probably a diminutive of the Anglo-Norman wimble, a variation of guimble (“drill”), from the Middle Low German wiemel; continued in New French as gibelet.
Cocktail either named after the tool, in reference to its penetrating effects, or British Navy surgeon Thomas Gimlette (1857–1943).

Coordinate term: martini

We sat in a corner of the bar at Victor's and drank gimlets. “They don't know how to make them here,” he said. “What they call a gimlet is just some lime or lemon juice and gin with a dash of sugar and bitters. A real gimlet is half gin and half Rose's Lime Juice and nothing else. It beats martinis hollow.”

1953, Raymond Chandler, The Long Goodbye, Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, published 2002, page 19:

Yeah, a piece of advice — once you’re back in circulation, don’t keep topping off a lady’s vodka gimlet when she’s not looking.

2001, General Hospital (TV soap opera, August 28)

By seven, dinner was under way, and a bottle of vodka gimlets and one of martinis were in the freezer, chilling.

2012, Stuart Woods, Unnatural Acts: A Stone Barrington Novel, Penguin, →ISBN, page 98:

A cocktail, usually made with gin and lime juice.


brewery

From Dutch brouwerij (“brewery”), equivalent to brew + -ery. See also brewhouse.

couldn't organise a piss-up in a brewery

We took a day trip to the Guiness Brewery.


cloying

en-adj

cloying (comparative more cloying, superlative most cloying)

more cloying (comparative)
most cloying (superlative)

Oliver (Barry Keoghan): I don't normally like chocolate cake. / Elspeth (Rosamund Pike): Yes, it can be cloying, can't it?

2023, Emerald Fennell, 1:38:29 from the start, in Saltburn:


cassis

en-noun

cassis (usually uncountable, plural cassises)

The blackcurrant plant, Ribes nigrum; the flavor of its berries.

Cassis and soda is a popular drink.

The bartender looked at her malevolently for a moment, shook his head, and walked away to mix the drink. "I never had one of those, those vermouth cassises," Freddie said.

1972, Evan Hunter, Every Little Crook and Nanny, page 132:

A liqueur made from these berries, especially crème de cassis.

(chiefly US) A wine flavor note, suggesting the fruity and full-bodied characteristics of the fruit; mostly referred to as simply blackcurrant in the UK, where the fruit is common.


thalidomide

thalidomide (countable and uncountable, plural thalidomides)

/θəˈlɪdəˌmaɪd/

From (ph)thal(ic acid) + (im)ido + (i)mide.

I have tried all the medium and short acting non-barbiturate sedatives since the war (including thalidomide) but they don’t work and I don’t trust the newfangled long acting, “safe” analgesics.

1988, E[dward] J[ames] Moran Campbell, Not Always on the Level, [London]: British Medical Journal, →ISBN, page 194:

I can't stand to see your thalidomide robot face

2001, “Left Behind”, performed by Slipknot:

(pharmacology) A drug sold during the late 1950s and early 1960s as a sleeping aid, and to pregnant women as an antiemetic to combat morning sickness and other symptoms, but withdrawn as causing severe birth defects, such as phocomelia; currently used to treat leprosy.


aquavit

aquavit (countable and uncountable, plural aquavits)

From Swedish and Danish akvavit and Norwegian akevitt, from Medieval Latin aqua vitae (“water of life”). Doublet of aqua vitae and akvavit. Compare eau de vie, whisky, whiskey, and water of life from the same source.

der

A Scandinavian liquor distilled from potato or grain mash to about 40% ABV and typically flavored with anise, although caraway seeds, fennel, dill, and other spices and herbs are also used.


febrifuge

From French fébrifuge, from Latin febrifugus. Doublet of feverfew. Source of -fuge.

...therein it differs not from the mode of operation, which we observe in the famous peruvian febrifuge.

1734, William Stukeley, Of the Gout, J. Roberts, page 19:

Ah, my boy, you forget the card index! Librarians invented that soothing device for the febrifuge of their souls...

1919, Christopher Morley, The Haunted Bookshop, New York, N.Y.: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers, →OCLC, page 20:

And, by goodness, the door was ajar into the hall, for Constance had slipped out to the nearest pharmacy in search of a febrifuge for her fever-bound lover.

1983, Lawrence Durrell, Sebastian (Avignon Quintet), Faber & Faber, published 2004, page 1131:

(pharmacology) Synonym of antipyretic (“a fever-reducing medication”)


greyhound

From Old English grīġhund, from a cognate or borrowing of Old Norse grøy (“bitch”) (whence Icelandic grey, thus not related to the colour grey) plus hund (“hound”). Altered by folk etymology to appear to be grey + hound.

A highball cocktail of vodka and grapefruit juice.


-caine

From German -kain, extracted from the word Kokain (“cocaine”), because cocaine was formerly used as a local anaesthetic.

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A synthetic alkaloid used as a local anesthetic.

-caïne

a synthetic alkaloid used as a local anesthetic


antipyretic

/ˌæntɪpaɪˈɹɛtɪk/

The antipyretic action of AVP is limited mainly to its action in a precise location in the ventral septum, though there is some evidence for a similar action in the medial amygdala.

1999, Otto Appenzeller, The Autonomic Nervous System, →ISBN, page 486:

Hailed as a general remedy against fevers, it spurred hot debate among seventeenth-century medical professionals, especially in England. The bark, which includes among other active ingredients quinine, has a mild antipyretic effect and a far stronger impact in cases of malaria.

2001, Margaret Humphreys, Malaria: Poverty, Race, and Public Health in the United States:


antipyretic

/ˌæntɪpaɪˈɹɛtɪk/

(pharmacology) A medicine that reduces fever; a febrifuge.


Chianti

en-noun

Chianti (countable and uncountable, plural Chiantis)

Borrowed from Italian chianti, after Chianti, its area of production. Through Latin from the Etruscan 𐌂𐌋𐌀𐌍𐌕𐌄 (clante).


mastic

mastic (countable and uncountable, plural mastics)

From Middle English mastik, from Old French mastic, from Latin mastiche, from Ancient Greek μαστίχη (mastíkhē), from μαστιχάω (mastikháō, “I chew”) (note the chewing gum sense). Related to masticate. The broad sense for cements came via extension from predecessor cements made with the tree's resin.

The island of Scio is now called by the Greeks Kio [Χιο], the antient Greek name of it was Chios [Χιος]; it was first called Ætalia in very antient times, and also Mastic, on account of the great number of mastic trees that were in this island.

1745, Richard Pococke, A Description of the East, and Some other Countries, Volume II, Book I, Chapter 1:

Pistacia lentiscus
Pistacia lentiscus#Translingual

An evergreen shrub or small tree, Pistacia lentiscus (mastic tree), native to the Mediterranean.


tramadol

From trama (“fleshy portion of a basidiocarp”) + -adol (“analgesic”).

af

A nod from Rhona as she popped two tramadol and lay down on the couch again.

2021, Jenni Fagan, Luckenbooth, William Heinemann, page 247:

(pharmacology) A synthetic opioid analgesic administered orally in the form of its hydrochloride C₁₆H₂₅NO₂·HCl to treat moderate to severe pain.


grog

en-noun

grog (countable and uncountable, plural grogs)

→ Armenian: գրոգ (grog)

→ Azerbaijani: qroq

→ Belarusian: грог (hroh)

→ Bulgarian: грог (grog)

→ Catalan: grog

→ Chinese:

desc

Mandarin: 格羅格酒／格罗格酒

Mandarin: 格羅格酒／格罗格酒, 格罗格酒 (géluógé jiǔ)

→ Dutch: grog

→ Finnish: grogi

→ French: grog
→ Romanian: grog

→ Georgian: გროგი (grogi)

→ German: Grog

→ Hebrew: גְּרוֹג (grog)

→ Italian: grog

→ Japanese: グロッグ (guroggu)

→ Korean: 그로그 (geurogeu)

→ Macedonian: грог (grog)

→ Polish: grog

→ Portuguese: grogue

→ Russian: грог (grog)

→ Spanish: grog

→ Ukrainian: грог (hroh)

An allusion to Admiral Edward Vernon (nicknamed “Old Grog” after the grogram coat he habitually wore), who in 1740 ordered his sailors' rum to be watered down.

I quite understood their drift, and after a stiff glass of grog, or rather more of the same, and with each a sovereign in hand, they made light of the attack, and swore they would encounter a worse madman any day for the pleasure of meeting so 'bloomin' good a bloke' as your correspondent.

1897, Bram Stoker, Dracula, published 1993, page 142:

(by extension, Australia, New Zealand) Any alcoholic beverage.

գրոգ

alcoholic beverage made with rum and water


cholestyramine

en-noun

cholestyramine (countable and uncountable, plural cholestyramines)

(pharmacology) The United States Adopted Name of colestyramine.


arsphenamine

arsphenamine (countable and uncountable, plural arsphenamines)

2001: The 606th compound was one that contained arsenic and was called arsphenamine. — Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford 2001, p. 9)

(pharmacology, organic chemistry) A phenolic amine derivative of arsenic that was used to treat syphilis (under the trade name of Salvarsan).

arsfenamina

a phenolic amine derivative of arsenic that was used to treat syphilis


clomipramine

obsessive-compulsive disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder

(pharmacology) A tricyclic, heterocyclic drug used to treat depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder.


desipramine

desipramine (countable and uncountable, plural desipramines)

(pharmacology) A tricyclic antidepressant C₁₈H₂₂N₂.


dextroamphetamine

dextroamphetamine (countable and uncountable, plural dextroamphetamines)

central nervous system
central nervous system

(pharmacology) One of the stereoisomers of amphetamine, with the chemical formula C₉H₁₃N, that is used to stimulate the central nervous system.


ergotamine

ergotamine (countable and uncountable, plural ergotamines)

/ɜːˈɡɒtəmiːn/

Borrowed from German Ergotamin, corresponding to ergot + -amine.

(organic chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology) An alkaloid, extracted from ergot, that causes constriction of blood vessels and has been used to treat migraine; it is related to lysergic acid.


hyoscyamine

From Latin hyoscyamus (“henbane”) + -ine.

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A poisonous alkaloid present in henbane that is the stereoisomer of atropine, with similar properties to hyoscine, and used medicinally to treat abdominal pain and similar conditions.


sibutramine

(pharmacology) A synthetic drug used to suppress appetite in the treatment of obesity.


phenoxybenzamine

(pharmacology) A drug that blocks the activity of alpha-receptors and is used in the form of its hydrochloride C₁₈H₂₂ClNO·HCl especially to treat hypertension and sweating due to pheochromocytoma.


imipramine

imipramine (countable and uncountable, plural imipramines)

(pharmacology) A synthetic compound (trademark Tofranil) used to treat depression.


phentolamine

phentolamine (usually uncountable, plural phentolamines)

(pharmacology) A synthetic compound used as a vasodilator, especially in certain cases of hypertension.


penicillamine

penicillamine (countable and uncountable, plural penicillamines)

rheumatoid arthritis
rheumatoid arthritis

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A crystalline, sulfur-containing amino acid produced by the hydrolysis of penicillins, used pharmacologically as a chelating agent to remove heavy metals such as copper from the body, and as an anti-inflammatory agent, especially for rheumatoid arthritis; 2-amino-3-methyl-3-mercaptobutanoic acid, (CH₃)₂C(SH)CH(NH₂)COOH.


pyrimethamine

pyrimethamine (countable and uncountable, plural pyrimethamines)

/ˌpɪɹ.ɪˈmɛθ.əˌmin/

(pharmacology) A synthetic compound derived from pyrimidine, acting as a folic acid antagonist and used in the chemoprophylaxis or treatment of malaria and in the treatment of toxoplasmosis.


methenamine

methenamine (countable and uncountable, plural methenamines)

(pharmacology) The compound hexamethylenetetramine when used as a urinary antiseptic.


phenylpropanolamine

phenylpropanolamine (countable and uncountable, plural phenylpropanolamines)

Oxymetazoline or phenylpropanolamine / to open up the sinuses and such / Then try to recoup with a little chicken soup / Call your mother cause it pays to keep in touch

1997, “The Druggist”, Joel Mabus (music):

(pharmacology) An adrenergic drug used to relieve allergic reactions, to treat respiratory infections and to suppress the appetite.


scopolamine

scopolamine (countable and uncountable, plural scopolamines)

Borrowed from German Skopolamin, from translingual Scopolia (“genus of plants”) + German Amin (“amine”).

af

I had been shot full of dope to keep me quiet. Perhaps scopolamine too, to make me talk.

1940, Raymond Chandler, Farewell, My Lovely, Penguin, published 2010, page 176:

The Incas had herbs for headaches and other pains; and they used scopolamine, a poison from the datura plant, as an anaesthetic.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 159:

Scopolamine is a nonselective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist with potentially selective inhibitory actions on muscarinic subtypes 1 and 2 (M1 and M2). Unlike ketamine, esketamine, and nitrous oxide, scopolamine directly affects the cholinergic pathway but does not directly modulate the glutamatergic pathway.

2019, Madhukar H. Trivedi, editor, Depression, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 228:

(pharmacology) A poisonous alkaloid C₁₇H₂₁NO₄ similar to atropine that is found in various solanaceous plants and is used for its anticholinergic effects (such as preventing nausea in motion sickness and inducing mydriasis).


painkiller

(pharmacology) A drug that numbs the pain in the body.


thiabendazole

thiabendazoles (plural)
TBZ (abbreviation)

/ˌθʌɪ.əˈbɛn.də.zəʊl/

(medicine, pharmacology) A synthetic compound with anthelmintic properties, derived from thiazole and used chiefly to treat infestation with intestinal nematodes.


natamycin

From translingual nata(lensis) + -mycin (“antibiotic”).

(pharmacology) An antifungal drug from Streptomyces natalensis, used to treat ophthalmic infections, and as a food preservative.


cleanskin

No one had any clear notion of how many head might be collected, but we counted on something over four hundred--possibly up to five hundred and fifty, including calves and cleanskins.

1921, Joseph Furphy, Rigby′s Romance, Gutenberg Australia eBook #0607461h:

I started off lassoing the cleanskins, dragging them up bellowing to the bronco panel where they were quickly leg-roped, thrown and branded.

The bullocks would be in the lead and you'd whip in and let the bullocks go to hell, but hang to your cleanskins as much as you could.

1995, Darrell Lewis, Charles Schultz, Beyond the Big Run, page 96:

Ryan′s natural father was a cleanskin – a police term for a person with no criminal history – who found himself caught up in the world of career criminals when he married into The Clan.

2007, Poul Anderson, Shocking Australian True Crime Stories, page 169:

So the only strategy likely to hurt Clegg in those circumstances involves arguing that the Lib Dems are part of the mould too – not cleanskins, but a party with 60-plus MPs in that last discredited parliament.

2010 April 19, Gaby Hinsliff, The Guardian:

Someone with no prior criminal record, a person with no previous convictions; loosely, someone who has not done anything wrong before, an unblemished character.

чи́стый

someone with no prior criminal record, a person with no previous convictions

Mr McKenzie said that two years ago a decent bottle of sauvignon blanc sold for $15 to $20, but today prices were down to $10 a bottle. "More cleanskins entering the market is the first indication there is too much SB out there," he said.

2010 April 16, Teresa Ooi, The Australian:

In 2009, Back Label commissioned Voice to design a label for its cleanskin.

2010, Terry Lee Stone, Managing the Design Process Implementing Design: An Essential Manual for the Working Designer, page 47:

My eye-whites still woke up bright and clear despite the night before's two bottles of cheap cleanskin wine.

2011, Craig Sherborne, The Amateur Science of Love, page 64:

(Australia, New Zealand) An unlabelled bottle of wine.

An undercover police officer who has not done a particular task before.

(cricket) A cricket bat with no maker's logo


gateway drug

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-gateway drug.wav

An addictive substance that is seen as relatively harmless by itself, but is believed to encourage the user to experiment with more harmful substances.

入門毒品

substance believed to encourage the user to experiment with more harmful substances

ключево́й нарко́тик m (ključevój narkótik) (no idiomatic translation exists)


fluoroquinolone

Any of a class of antibiotics (fluoro derivatives of quinolone) derived from nalidixic acid.


corticosteroid

Wúràọlá’s first patient was a man who had not noticed any significant improvement after a regimen of corticosteroids had been prescribed for his spondylosis.

2023, Ayọ̀bámi Adébáyọ̀, A Spell of Good Things, Canongate Books, page 209:

(biochemistry, pharmacology) Any of several synthetic hormones of related structure.


cyproterone

en-noun

cyproterone (countable and uncountable, plural cyproterones)

(pharmacology) A synthetic steroid C₂₂H₂₇ClO₃ that inhibits the action and secretion of testosterone by blocking the activity of androgen receptors.


broad-spectrum antibiotic

broad-spectrum antibiotic (plural broad-spectrum antibiotics)

(pharmacology) Any antibiotic that is active against a wide range of bacteria, especially against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.


phenylbutazone

phenylbutazone (countable and uncountable, plural phenylbutazones)

(pharmacology) An anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug used to treat arthritis and gout.


estrone

estrone (countable and uncountable, plural estrones)

(American spelling, biochemistry, steroids, pharmacology) A natural estrogenic hormone that is a ketone C₁₈H₂₂O₂ found in the body chiefly as a metabolite of and less potent than estradiol, that is also secreted especially by the ovaries, and that is used to treat various conditions (such as ovarian failure and menopausal symptoms) relating to estrogen deficiency.


antiandrogen

(biochemistry, pharmacology) Any substance that inhibits the release or the biological effects of an androgen.

抗雄激素

any substance that inhibits the release or biological effects of an androgen


fludrocortisone

(pharmacology) A potent mineralocorticoid drug that is derived from hydrocortisone, possesses some glucocorticoid activity, and is administered in the form of its acetate C₂₃H₃₁FO₆ to treat adrenocortical insufficiency.


nalidixic acid

From na(phtha)l(ene) + (pyr)idi(ne) + (carbo)x(yl)ic acid.

af

(pharmacology) A synthetic quinolone antibacterial which inhibits the multiplication of bacteria, used to treat genitourinary infections.


prednisolone

en-noun

prednisolone (countable and uncountable, plural prednisolones)

(pharmacology) A synthetic glucocorticoid C₂₁H₂₈O₅ that is a dehydrogenated analog of cortisol and is used especially as an anti-inflammatory drug.


trimethadione

trimethadione (usually uncountable, plural trimethadiones)

(pharmacology) An anticonvulsant drug used to control epilepsy.


phenobarbitone

phenobarbitone (countable and uncountable, plural phenobarbitones)

(pharmacology) A barbiturate drug used as a sedative.


prednisone

prednisone (countable and uncountable, plural prednisones)

From pre(gnane) + d(ie)ne + (cort)isone.

(pharmacology) A glucocorticoid C₂₁H₂₆O₅ that is a dehydrogenated analog of cortisone, used to relieve rheumatic and allergic conditions and to treat leukemia.


quinolone

Formed as quinol(ine) + -one, after the German Chinolon.

broad-spectrum antibiotic
broad-spectrum antibiotic

(medicine) Any of a range of broad-spectrum antibiotics, related to nalidixic acid, based on this structure.


menadione

menadione (countable and uncountable, plural menadiones)

/ˌmɛn.əˈdʌɪ.əʊn/

(pharmacology) A synthetic yellow compound C₁₁H₈O₂ with the biological activity of natural vitamin K menaquinone, used to treat hemorrhage.


butyrophenone

(pharmacology) Any of a class of antipsychotic drugs (such as haloperidol) used especially in the treatment of schizophrenia.


hydrocortisone

hydrocortisone (countable and uncountable, plural hydrocortisones)

(pharmacology) Name used for cortisol, a glucocorticoid steroid hormone, when used as a medication. Used to treat e.g. inflammation resulting from rheumatism and eczema.


cortisone

cortisone (countable and uncountable, plural cortisones)

(biochemistry, steroids, pharmacology) A corticosteroid hormone, closely related to corticosterone, produced by the adrenal cortex. One of the glucocorticoids, it is also made synthetically for use as an anti-inflammatory and antiallergy agent. 17-hydroxy-11-dehydrocorticosterone, with formula C₂₁H₂₈O₅.


tinnie

Far better to send one of the girls out for a pizza and some tinnies, and then give her undivided attention when she returns.

2005, Jack Leonard, Bad Altitude, page 170:

In a city where alcohol was once the main currency (see p23), it′s little wonder that drinking is a big part of the social fabric – whether it′s knocking back some tinnies on the beach or meeting mates at the pub.

2008, Peter Dragicevich, Jolyon Attwooll, Sydney, Lonely Planet, page 154:

I′m forty and Tyrene says if I keep supping the tinnies at this rate it won′t be long before I′m forty stone! I′m nineteen stone right now and if I had a dollar for every time Tyrene called me a “big, fat, lazy bastard”, I could charter a yacht and sail to the Whitsundays and we live in Perth!

2011, Calvin Wade, Forever Is Over, page 378:

The bullies laughed and whistled and the tinnie turned once more, this time racing straight towards them from the port beam, bows tilted up, spray creaming out.

2003, Christopher Cummings, The Mudskipper Cup: A North Queensland Story about Navy Cadets, page 355:

Part of the tinnie could be seen pushed up against the bank but otherwise it had all sunk.

2007, Caroline De Costa, Rookwood Island, page 239:

The miracles seem to have followed Kevin and Trevor who have remarkably travelled over fifty-eight nautical miles in little more than a tinnie, encountering all sorts of astounding natural phenomena such as enormous whales and strangely behaving sharks, bixarre star patterns and odd schools of fish.

2009, Rebecca Pannell, “Seachange, Where Fish Fly”, in Susan Hosking, Rick Hosking, Rebecca Pannell, Nena Bierbaum, editors, Something Rich and Strange: Sea Changes, Beaches and the Littoral in the Antipodes, page 56:

(Australia, slang) A small open aluminium boat.

Or swapped them for some tinnies, a bottle of El D?

2022, Liam McIlvanney, The Heretic, page 25:

(New Zealand, slang) Small package of drugs wrapped in foil.


antispastic

(pharmacology) That prevents or diminishes spasms; antispasmodic.


antispastic

(pharmacology) A substance that prevents or diminishes spasms.


clarithromycin

/kləˌɹɪθ.ɹəʊˈmʌɪ.sɪn/

/kləˌɹɪθ.ɹəˈmaɪ.sn̩/

(pharmacology) A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic C₃₈H₆₉NO₁₃ (trademarks Biaxin, Klaricid) used especially in the treatment of various mild to moderate bacterial infections.


Baileys

Brand name, originally adopted from the name of a restaurant.


skag

skag (countable and uncountable, plural skags)

You will not be able to lose yourself on skag and skip out for beer during commercials, because / The revolution will not be televised

1971, Gil Scott-Heron (lyrics and music), “The Revolution Will Not Be Televised”:

(slang) Alternative spelling of scag (“heroin”).


methadone

methadone (countable and uncountable, plural methadones)

From (di)meth(yl)a(mino) + d(iphenyl) + (heptan)one.

af

But methadone is a dangerous drug. If taken orally by a nonaddict, it can cause euphoria or even death.

1971 March 19, Richard Severo, “Addiction: Chemistry Is the New Hope, but Degree of Its Effectiveness Is Still Disputed”, in The New York Times:

(pharmacology) A powerful synthetic analgesic drug which is similar to morphine in its effects but less sedative and is used as a substitute drug in the treatment of morphine and heroin addiction.


teratogen

(teratology) Any agent or substance which can cause malformation of an embryo or birth defects.


scag

en-noun

scag (countable and uncountable, plural scags)

Vietnamese: xì ke

Unknown. Compare scat (“heroin; whiskey”), slag (“waste; a prostitute”), skank (“a disreputable woman”).

And I was snorting scag while other kids played tag

1973, “Sport”, in Hustler's Convention, performed by Lightnin' Rod:

So goodbye Cocaine Carolina, you and I are through / I'm going back to Sandy Scag, she knows just what to do

1975, David Allan Coe (lyrics and music), “Cocaine Carolina”, performed by Johnny Cash:

Mark: No. I'm off the scag. Ten days without the scag. And I'm going away.

1996, Mark Ravenhill, Shopping and Fucking, Scene One:


ampicillin

ampicillin (countable and uncountable, plural ampicillins)

(pharmacology) A semisynthetic form of penicillin C₁₆H₁₉N₃O₄S that is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and is used to treat infections of the urinary, respiratory, and intestinal tracts.


otalgic

(pathology, pharmacology) Of or pertaining to otalgia.


Quaalude

Supposedly a blend of quiet + Maalox + interlude.

(pharmacology) A proprietary name for methaqualone.


benzo

(organic chemistry) Sometimes used in place of the phenyl group.


usquebaugh

usquebaugh (countable and uncountable, plural usquebaughs)

[Alt: A glass with a round bottom which tappers to the lip, served with usquebaugh.]
Borrowed from Irish uisce beatha and Scottish Gaelic uisge beatha (“whiskey or whisky”, literally “water of life”) (a calque of Medieval Latin aqua vītae (“distilled alcohol, liquor”, literally “water of life”)), from Irish uisce, Scottish Gaelic uisge (“water”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wed- (“water”)) + Irish beatha, Scottish Gaelic beatha (“life”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”)), Doublet of whiskey and whisky.

der

[R]emember the Lo[rd] Admyrall [Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham] and the Lord Threasurer [Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset] with a couple of Pugges or some vscough baugh or some such toyes, it would shew that you do not neglect them, whoe, I protest, are to you wonderfull kynde.

1600 October 4 (date written; Gregorian calendar), Robert Cecil, “[Letter] X”, in John MacLean, editor, Letters from Sir Robert Cecil to Sir George Carew (Camden Series; 88), [London]: […] [John Bowyer Nichols and Sons] for the Camden Society, published 1864, →OCLC, page 33:

[I]f you ſcape vvith life, and take a fagot boat, and a bottle of Vſquebaugh, come home poore men, like a type of Theames Street ſtinking of pitch and poore Iohn.

c. 1613–1616 (date written), Fra[ncis] Beaumont, Jo[hn] Fletcher, The Scornful Ladie. A Comedie. […], London: […] [John Beale] for Myles Partrich, […], published 1616, →OCLC, Act II, signature E, recto:

The Iriſh prepare a diſtilled Oenomeli made vvith Honey, VVine and ſome herbs, vvhich they cal Vſquebach, not unfit for a nation that feeds on fleſh ravv, or but half ſod.

1658, Tho. Mouffet [i.e., Thomas Muffet, et al.], “The Theater of Insects: Or, Lesser Living Creatures. […]. Chapter V. Of the Name, Difference and Use of Honey.”, in J[ohn] R[owland], transl., The History of Four-footed Beasts and Serpents: […], revised edition, London: […] E. Cotes, for G[eorge] Sawbridge […], T. Williams […], and T. Johnson, […], →OCLC, page 913:

But as to uſquebagh; ah long life to the liquor—it is an exhilirator of the bovvels, and a ſtomatic to the head; I ſay, Mr. Preſident, it invigorates, it ſtimulates, it—in ſhort it is the onlieſt liquor of life, and no man alive vvill die vvhilſt he drinks it.

1762, [Samuel] Foote, The Orators. […], Dublin: […] Thomas Richey, […], →OCLC, Act III, page 54:

VVhat dangers thou canſt make us ſcorn! / VVi' tippeny, vve fear nae evil; / VVi' uſquabae, vve'll face the devil!— […]

1790 (date written; published 1791), Robert Burns, “Tam o’ Shanter. A Tale.”, in Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect, 2nd edition, volume II, Edinburgh: […] T[homas] Cadell, […], and William Creech, […], published 1793, →OCLC, page 201:

He [Robert Burns] might have traced his habit of ale-house tippling to the last long precious draught of his favourite usquebaugh, which he took in the prospect of bidding farewel for ever to his native land; […]

1818, William Hazlitt, “Lecture VII. On Burns, and the Old English Ballads.”, in Lectures on the English Poets. […], London: […] [T. Miller] for Taylor and Hessey, →OCLC, page 260:

[A]re the Gael to-day of softer flesh or whiter blood than their fathers were? Knock the head out of a cask of usquebae, let that be their night gear— […]

1819, Jedediah Cleishbotham [pseudonym; Walter Scott], chapter VI, in Tales of My Landlord, Third Series. […], volume III (A Legend of Montrose), Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 269:

[W]hat does my noble captain drink—is it brandy, rum, usquebaugh? Is it soaked gunpowder, or blazing oil? Give it a name, heart of oak, and we'd get it for you, if it was wine from a bishop's cellar, or melted gold from King George's mint.

1841 February–November, Charles Dickens, “Barnaby Rudge. Chapter 8.”, in Master Humphrey’s Clock, volume II, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 278:

["]But, oh, I hope the dear old lady will get well very quickly." / "If usquebaugh can mend her, no doubt the recovery will be rapid," answered the Major, laughing.

1882, [Mary Elizabeth Braddon], “Cupid and Psyche”, in Mount Royal […], volume I, London: John and Robert Maxwell […], →OCLC, page 214:

You’re darned witty. Three drams of usquebaugh you drank with Dan Deasy's ducats.

1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 9: Scylla and Charybdis]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part II [Odyssey], page 190:

The drowned man was naked from the waist down and wrapped in a sodden cape. / "Get some blankets round him, Shem. And hand me the usquebaugh." / "The usquebaugh? That's as like to kill him off as bring him round." / It was a home brew, potent as fire.

1981, T[homas] Coraghessan Boyle, “The Niger [You Can’t Keep a Good Man Down]”, in Water Music […] (An Atlantic Monthly Press Book), Boston, Mass.; Toronto, Ont.: Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN, page 70:

Kit coughed over a noggin of usquebaugh.

1993, Anthony Burgess, “Part 2”, in A Dead Man in Deptford, London: Hutchinson, →ISBN, page 183:

(chiefly Ireland, Scotland, dated or archaic) Whiskey or whisky.


oxycodone

They ingest Ambien, Seroquel, LSD, Adderall, Oxycodone, cocaine, Flexeril, Percocet, psilocybin mushrooms and codeine.

2013 June 4, Dwight Garner, “A Literary Mind, Under the Spell of Drugs and a MacBook”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) An addictive, semisynthetic opioid (trademark OxyContin) that is similar to morphine in effect and structure; C₁₈H₂₁NO₄.


pyritinol

(pharmacology) A nootropic drug whose structure is that of a disulfane derived from pyridoxine.


amaretto

en-noun

amaretto (countable and uncountable, plural amarettos or amaretti)

From Italian amaretto, from amaro (“bitter”) (from Latin amarus) + diminutive suffix -etto.

Amaretto makes a fine digestive.

(uncountable, countable) A sweet-bitter liqueur originating from Italy (but also produced in Turkey), flavored with almonds and a secret blend-specific mix of some 200 ingredients such as the pits from apricots, peaches, cherries or other stone fruits.

Gino has an amaretto on the porch after every elaborate meal.


nootropic

/ˌnoʊəˈtɹɑːpɪk/

Coined by Romanian psychologist and chemist Corneliu E. Giurgea in 1972, derived from the Ancient Greek words νόος (nóos, “mind”) and τροπέω (tropéō, “to turn”). Equivalent to noos + -tropic, literally “mind changing”.

suf

(pharmacology) A drug that enhances learning and memory and lacks the usual pharmacology of other psychotropic drugs (e.g. sedation, motor stimulation) and possesses very few side effects and extremely low toxicity.


Bordeaux

From French Bordeaux (Middle French Bordeaulx), from Occitan Bordèu, from Old Occitan Bordel, from Latin Burdigala, from a Proto-Celtic root.

The capital city of the Gironde department, France; capital city of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine.


Bordeaux

en-noun

Bordeaux (countable and uncountable, plural Bordeaux or Bordeauxes or Bordeauxs)

Bordeaux (plural)
Bordeauxes (plural)
Bordeauxs (plural)

We had a nice bottle of Bordeaux last night.

Some fine Bordeauxes and Cabernets actually grow smoother as they sit, and are better served seven or eight years old.

1989, Upscale: The Successful Black Magazine, page 68:

The two Bordeauxs used differed only in the percentage of lime which they contained.

1898, Annual Report of the New Jersey State Agricultural Experiment Stations:

The patent Bordeauxs which are on the market have not been shown to be any less liable to produce injury than the home-made mixtures, amd many of them have proven quite inefficient in controlling diseases.

1911, Station Bulletin, volumes 152–165, page 28:

Contrary to the views of many of the backers of Pickering Bordeaux, we have found a three to one Bordeaux just as good a fungicide as a Bordeaux in which only just enough lime is used to throw down all of the copper as a precipitate.

1925, Drug and Chemical Markets, volume 16, page 338:

Avoid overhead irrigation After harvest and before fall rains, prune out and destroy old wood and apply a Bordeaux or a fixed copper fungicide. Spray again in spring when new laterals are leafing out[.]

1998, Pests of the Garden and Small Farm: A Grower's Guide:

Bordeaux mixture
Bordeaux mixture#English


brewing

brewing (countable and uncountable, plural brewings)

From Middle English brewynge; equivalent to brew + -ing.

The production of alcoholic beverages, such as beer, by fermentation; the process of being brewed.


amaro

amaro (countable and uncountable, plural amari or amaros)

At Vessel, in Seattle, the bar manager, Jamie Boudreau, starts his cherry bitters by combining separate bourbon- and rye-based infusions with a touch of honey-flavored vodka and the Italian digestif amaro.

2007 June 27, Rob Willey, “A Bit of History, Reborn in a Glass”, in The New York Times:

In addition, there's a full bar, with some excellent specialty cocktails and a good list of grappa, amari and dessert wines.

2009 May 24, Michael Bauer, “Adesso salumi is a slice of heaven”, in San Francisco Chronicle:

There are two dozen cocktails and shots, from whiskey punches to tiki-style drinks. (The three-rum old-fashioned should be a summertime classic.) There's a hearty focus on the bitter Italian aperitifs known as amaros.

2013 July 26, Fritz Hahn, “Football and sightseeing in Richmond”, in Independent Online:

“Yeah, okay,” we smirked. But we crafted elaborate, absurd concoctions. We layered amaros and ports in medicine vials.

2023 September 21, Stephen Haines, “W Stands for W”, in The Paris Review:


morphine alkaloid

morphine alkaloid (plural morphine alkaloids)

Papaver somniferum
Papaver somniferum#Translingual

(organic chemistry) A group of about twenty closely related compounds obtained from the dried latex that exudes from the seed capsule of the opium poppy Papaver somniferum.


Aurum

A sweet Italian liqueur, having a golden-yellow colour, manufactured from brandy, oranges and saffron.


muller

The noun is derived from Late Middle English molour, moler; further origin uncertain, possibly:
* from mull (“(Northern England) something reduced to fine particles”, noun) or mull (“(chiefly Northern England) to grind to powder, crumble, powder, pulverize”, verb) + -er (suffix forming agent nouns) (see etymology 2); or
* from an unattested Anglo-Norman or Middle French noun, from Old French moldre, moudre (“to grind”) (modern French moudre), from Latin molere, the present active infinitive of molō (“to grind, to mill”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- (“to crush, grind”); or
* a variant of mullet (“(obsolete) stone for grinding”) + -er; mullet is derived from French molette (“pestle”).
The verb is derived from the noun.

affix

The muller provides, in addition, a useful means of comparing the important property of the rate of strength development of pigments.

1994, John Wilder Tukey, David R. Brillinger, The collected works of John W. Tukey, →ISBN, page 607:

(chiefly art, pharmacy) A stone with a flat grinding surface, which is held in the hand and rubbed on a slab to grind paint pigments, medicinal powders, etc.


terroir

en-noun

terroir (countable and uncountable, plural terroirs)

“It's got an ass-load of terroir.” “The fuck do you know, terroir?” “What do you mean?”

2023 July 13, Paul Simms, “A Night Out with the Guys” (7:04 from the start), in What We Do in the Shadows, season 5, episode 2, spoken by Laszlo Cravensworth (Matt Berry):

The complete set of local conditions in which a particular wine or family of wines is produced, including soil type, weather conditions, topography and wine-making savoir-faire.


teratogenic

en-adj

teratogenic (comparative more teratogenic, superlative most teratogenic)

more teratogenic (comparative)
most teratogenic (superlative)

(teratology) Of, relating to, malformations or defects to an embryo or fetus.

In particular, the impact of the biomaterial used remains to be defined; grafting (biotissue can be introduced via direct cell implantation (cell therapy), biotissue transplantation, or gene therapy); risk of teratogenic effect and of immune reaction (i.e., in the umbilical cord cells the immune risk being weaker); religious and legal issues with respect to the different country regulations.

2015 August 2, J.-F. Stoltz et al., “Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine: Myth or Reality of the 21th Century”, in Stem Cells International, volume 2015, →DOI:

[…] as well as chemicals (potentially toxic) used in daily routine in research and educational institutes, industries (e.g., carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic) and in household that may confer danger to the living beings if discharged in the umbworld.

2018, Pankaj,, Sharma, Anita, Microbial Biotechnology in Environmental Monitoring and Cleanup, page 176:

(teratology) Causing malformations or defects to an embryo or fetus.


Graves

The dry white wine produced in this region.


pharmacologically

/ˌfɑɹməkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəli/

(pharmacology) In a pharmacological manner; with regard to pharmacology.


pilocarpine

en-noun

pilocarpine (countable and uncountable, plural pilocarpines)

From translingual Pilocarpus (“genus name”) + -ine.

af

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A miotic alkaloid C₁₁H₁₆N₂O₂ obtained from jaborandi that is used chiefly in the form of its hydrochloride or nitrate especially in the treatment of glaucoma.


pharmacologic

/ˌfɑɹməkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪk/


coldie

From cold + -ie (“diminutive suffix”), for cold one. Compare tinnie.

2000, Markus Zusak, Fighting Ruben Wolfe, in 2011, Underdogs (omnibus edition), page 255,
As expected, she's sitting in the stand, holding a hot dog in one hand and balancing a coldie and a cigarette in the other.

He reached under his seat and pulled out a Foster′s. “I don't suppose you′d care for a coldie?”
“I don′t mind if I do.”
“There′s a girl!” He popped the tab and passed it over.

2010, Jeanne Matthews, Bones of Contention, page 302:

“G′day love. You look like you could use a coldie.”
His thick Australian accent made her smile.

2011, Craig Odanovich, The Black Widow Trainer, page 71:

(Australia) A cold bottle or can of beer.


Rohypnol

From the F. Hoffmann-La Roche brand name for flunitrazepam, a blend of Roche + hypno- + -ol.

Rohypnol like a chloroform / Sugar from the day you are born / Washed out like a dinosaur

2003, “Brothers and Sisters”, in Think Tank, performed by Blur:

Moss: [sniff] Why are you drinking rohypnol, Jen? Flunitrazepam, histomet... Yep, that's definitely rohypnol. Are you having problems with insomnia or?

2007 September 28, Graham Linehan, The IT Crowd, Season 2, Episode 6

(pharmacology) Flunitrazepam, a powerful sedative sometimes used as a date rape drug.


allo-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-allo-.wav

From Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos, “other”), from Proto-Hellenic *áľľos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos (English else).

alloprotein is a synthetic protein (especially one that contains an amino acid that is not found in nature), allopurinol is a synthetic drug which inhibits uric acid formation

Different, distinct, or other with respect to the root.

(chemistry, pharmacology) Synthetic, artificial.


vaaljapie

From Afrikaans [Term?], from Dutch vaal (“pale, cloudy”) + japie (“Jack or Jim”).

(South Africa) Very raw young wine, usually with sediment.


mampoer

Borrowed from Afrikaans, from Mampuru, the name of a Pedi chief.

"The Americans call it 'moonshine', to the warm-blooded Irish it is 'Poteen' and the Swiss call it 'Kirsch'. In South Africa, it is 'Witblits' in the Cape and to Transvalers it is just 'Mampoer'. Mampoer and the variety of names given to it are the names of strong, homemade distilled brandy made from fruit." https://web.archive.org/web/20060517051232/http://www.encounter.co.za/article/179.html - 15k

(South Africa) Strong home-distilled peach or fruit liquor.


Cava

From Catalan cava (literally “wine cellar”).

When the deal went through Natalie bought a bottle of Cava to celebrate.

2012, Zadie Smith, NW, London: Penguin Books, published 2013, →ISBN, page 246:

Though it’s no longer open, a London restaurant, Bubbledogs, specialized in American hot dogs with Champagne from small producers. Other sparkling wines like cava, crémant and sparkling riesling would be delicious, too.

2022 July 21, Eric Kim, “Welcome to Chicago, Hot Dog Town, U.S.A.”, in The New York Times:

A Spanish white sparkling wine made using the méthode champenoise.

champagne

French sparkling wine from Champagne made with the méthode champenoise

prosecco

Italian sparkling wine made by dual fermentation but not with the méthode champenoise


cepham

(organic chemistry) one of a class of antibiotics, including the cephalosporins, that contain a bicyclic heterocyclic structure - 5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]octan-8-one


cephalosporin

/kɛfələʊˈspɔəɹɪn/

From translingual Cephalosporium (now Acremonium), a genus of fungi, + -in.

Another important group of antibiotics, the cephalosporins, a class that includes more than twenty-five different drugs, are chemically distinct from the penicillins but act in the same way as cell wall inhibitors, as do vancomycin and bacitracin.

2001, Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 63:

Any of a class of natural and synthetic antibiotics developed from Acremonium fungi, having a cepham structure.

cefalosporina

antibiotic derived from Acremonium fungi


anthelmintic

en-adj

anthelmintic (comparative more anthelmintic, superlative most anthelmintic)

more anthelmintic (comparative)
most anthelmintic (superlative)

From ant- + helminth + -ic; the th in helminth has become t by dissimilation.

Research is progressing well on finding native plants with anthelmintic properties.

The parasites thrive in an environment of dirt, and the main lines of precaution are those dictated by sanitary science. Malefern, santonine, thymol and other anthelmintic remedies are prescribed.

1911, “Ankylostomiasis”, in Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition:

However, the lighter boiling constituents of tne oil are much less irritating and at the same time they are apparently more anthelmintic than the heavier fraction.

1918, American Society for Microbiology, Society of American Bacteriologists, Abstracts of Bacteriology, volume 2, page 262:

Our experiments indicate that this constituent is anthelmintic and also a gastrointestinal irritant, while the lighter portion of the oil is apparently even more anthelmintic and much less irritating.

1919, Experiment Station Record, volume 39, page 586:

(pharmacology) Destructive to parasitic worms.

հակաճիճվային

destructive to parasitic intestinal worms


rotgut

en-noun

rotgut (usually uncountable, plural rotguts)

Near-synonym: red-eye

Then the harpooner carried away a pink flask to be filled in some blind pig, for there were no licensed saloons in that locality. We drank the cheap rotgut out of tumblers.

1913 August, Jack London, chapter VI, in John Barleycorn, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC, page 48:

(slang) Raw or poor-quality alcoholic liquor.


barack

en-adj

barack (comparative more barack, superlative most barack)

more barack (comparative)
most barack (superlative)


Holy Trinity

From Middle English holy Trinitee, a partial translation of earlier hali þrumnesse, haliʒ ðrymnesse (“holy trinity”, literally “holy threeness”), from Old English hālgu þrines. Equivalent to holy + Trinity.

(pharmacology, informal) The combination of an opioid, a benzodiazepine, and carisoprodol.


light porter

Nearly all bitter drinks are good.... Here at least I think England cannot match Ireland, for our stouts are, as a rule, too sweet and "clammy." But there used to be in the country districts a sort of light porter which was one of the most refreshing liquids conceivable for hot weather.

1920, George Saintsbury, Notes on a Cellar Book:

A type of porter ale lighter in color than the typical dark porter.


tina

methamphetamine hydrochloride
methamphetamine hydrochloride

(slang) The drug methamphetamine hydrochloride (crystal meth).


idiosyncratic reaction

en-noun

idiosyncratic reaction (plural idiosyncratic reactions)

(pharmacy, medicine) A reaction to a medication that is unusual and unpredictable, specific to a particular person. Unlike allergy, it can occur on first exposure to the medication; unlike a side effect, it affects only very few individuals.


tailings

[…] and it is made into a mash which is fermented and distilled in the same way that an ordinary grain mash is handled in a whisky distillery. The tailings from the still are first compressed to extract the water, and[…]

1910, Chemical News and Journal of Industrial Science, page 42:

(alcohol production) The feints, the last fraction of product obtained at the end of distillation.


sulphonamide

In the early 1930s, researchers in Germany produced a group of antibacterial drugs known as sulphonamides, but they didn’t always work well and often had serious side effects.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 48:

(British spelling, pharmacology) Alternative spelling of sulfonamide


sulfonamide

sulfonamides (plural)
spelling (IUPAC US)

(pharmacology) Any of a group of antibiotics; a sulfa drug


raki

raki (countable and uncountable, plural rakis)

From Ottoman Turkish راقی (rakı), from Arabic عَرَقِيّ (ʕaraqiyy, “of liquor”), from عَرَق (ʕaraq, “arrack, arak”), literally, “sweat”, “condensate,” which refers to an ouzo-like liqueur made of raisins. Doublet of rakija.


tombo

From Japanese トンボ (tonbo, “dragonfly”, a nickname for the albacore tuna).

bor

Thunnus alalunga
Thunnus alalunga#Translingual

(Hawaii) Albacore, longfin tuna (Thunnus alalunga)


lithium carbonate

(organic chemistry) The lithium salt of carbonic acid, Li₂CO₃, used in the manufacture of glass and ceramics, and medically, in the treatment of bipolar disorder.


dandelion wine

en-noun

dandelion wine (countable and uncountable, plural dandelion wines)

A wine made from dandelion flowers and usually other ingredients, including citrus.


pálenka

pálenka (countable and uncountable, plural pálenkas)

(Slovakia) Any kind of distilled beverage, especially fruit brandy.


phenacetin

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-phenacetin.wav

(pharmacology) A specific antipyretic drug, also called acetophenetidin, with the formula C₁₀H₁₃NO₂.


tharra

An alcoholic drink of North India and Pakistan, made from yeast fermentation of sugar cane or wheat husk, and often brewed illegally.


handlebar

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-handlebar.wav

Got a stick in the passenger in my car
She ride on the dick with no handlebars
Came a long way from poppin' them Xanax bars

2023 May 5, “superstar” (track 11, 0:04 from the start), in Destroy Lonely (lyrics), If Looks Could Kill:

I want a big double R, no, I don't pop handlebars

2022 June 27, “Swing Ya Pole” (track 7, 2:05 from the start), in Summrs (lyrics), FALLEN RAVEN:


screaming orgasm

screaming orgasm (plural screaming orgasms)

A creamy white alcoholic cocktail containing vodka, Irish cream, and coffee liqueur.


Harvey Wallbanger

Harvey Wallbanger (plural Harvey Wallbangers)

An alcoholic cocktail made with vodka, Vanilla Galliano and orange juice.


Entonox

(pharmacology) A mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen used as an analgesic, especially during labour.


oxy

oxy (countable and uncountable, plural oxies)

One of the detectives, Sgt. Joseph Ballou, discovered that during a drug raid in 2012, Springfield cops had confiscated 51 oxycodone pills — the gold standard of prescription opioids. ¶ The oxies were turned over to Farak for analysis and she issued a certificate saying the pills were not illegal.

2017 July 2, Howie Carr, “Carr: Judge sees misconduct, AG sees none”, in Boston Herald:

(countable, uncountable, slang, pharmacology) Clipping of oxycodone, an opioid similar to heroin.


Midas

Learned borrowing from Latin Midās, from Ancient Greek Μίδᾱς (Mídās), from Phrygian Μιδας (Midas).

(Greek mythology) A king who sought and was for a while granted the cherished but subtly dangerous magical power to turn anything he touched into gold.


Midas

A very large champagne bottle (named after the King) with the capacity of about 30 liters, equivalent to 40 standard bottles.


cannabinoid

/ˈkænəbəˌnɔɪd/

Similar in chemical structure to cannabis, the cannabinoids made by our bodies surge in number during pleasant activities, such as orgasms, and also when we run, studies show.

2021 March 10, Gretchen Reynolds, “Getting to the Bottom of the Runner’s High”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(organic chemistry) Substance that is structurally related to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a psychoactive compound present in cannabis, or that bind to cannabinoid receptors.

kannabinoidi

any psychoactive compound found in cannabis


ciprofloxacin

From cy(clo)pro(pyl) + -floxacin (“nalidixic acid derivative”).

af

(pharmacology) A broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic C₁₇H₁₈FN₃O₃ that is often administered in the form of its hydrochloride C₁₇H₁₈FN₃O₃·HCl and is effective especially against gram-negative bacteria.


coca wine

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-coca wine.wav

A cocktail containing wine mixed with a smaller amount of cocaine.


acyclovir

en-noun

acyclovir (countable and uncountable, plural acyclovirs)

(pharmacology) US and UK spelling of aciclovir.


beno

In cases of continuous intoxication it results in dysentery, fevers, insanity, and drinking beno is the cause of many deaths.

1900, Harper’s History of the War in the Philippines, page 315:

I had some beno in my canteen and I took a few nips to steady me.

Lounging around village shops watching the girls and drinking beno, a potent alcoholic beverage, helped some of the soldiers overcome their boredom.

1975, Willard B. Gatewood, Jr., Black Americans and the White Man’s Burden, 1898-1903, page 270:

He must have been drinking beno for he took a header, and as he went over the boat dipped considerably and of course soaked part of us.

An alcoholic drink distilled from the fermented sap of palm trees, originating from the Philippines.


doxycycline

When his symptoms didnʼt improve, he was admitted to a local hospital and given doxycycline, a drug for tick-bite infections.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 373:

(pharmacology) A broad-spectrum antibiotic C₂₂H₂₄N₂O₈ of the tetracycline class, which has a long half-life in the body and used orally to treat various bacterial infections.


psychotomimetic

(pharmacology) That induces a temporary state of altered perception and symptoms similar to those of psychosis (such as hallucinations).


psychotomimetic

(pharmacology) Any psychotomimetic drug, such as LSD.


Bellini

A cocktail made from Prosecco and peach juice.


hot pint

(Scotland) a drink made from boiling beer to which is added nutmeg, eggs, sugar and whiskey; drunk during first footing.


oenophobia

You open it randomly, hit several pages devoted to "Cote de Nuits" alone, and go into advanced hypertensive oenophobia (wine-sticker shock).

1997 February 17, Tony Hendra, “Best Cellars”, in New York, page 48:

A new wine club called 600 Grapes asks us if we suffer from "oenophobia" -- a fear of wine.

2006 October 3, Larry Lipson, “Wineline For The Republic Of Sauvignon Blanc Fanciers”, in Daily News, Los Angeles:

Even avid wine lovers can be struck with a temporary case of oenophobia -- fear of wine -- around Thanksgiving.

2007 November 14, Karen Page, Andrew Dornenburg, “With These Strategies, Pick Your Pour”, in The Washington Post:

The fear or hatred of wine; anxiety related to wine.


anthracycline

(pharmacology) any of a class of antibiotic, chemotherapeutic agents used to treat cancer


Riesling

A white wine made from this grape (often slightly sweet).


veronal

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-veronal.wav

Former trade name, after the Italian city Verona.

He was by now so worn out that he could not resist my firmness. I gave him a sufficient dose of veronal to insure his unconsciousness for several hours. I thought that was the best service I could render him.

1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, chapter 29, in The Moon and Sixpence, [New York, N.Y.]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […], →OCLC:

She died of an overdose of veronal. She's been taking it lately for sleeplessness. Must have taken too much.

1926, Agatha Christie, chapter 1, in The Murder of Roger Ackroyd:

I have seen the Brazilian press photograph of Zweig and Lotte, his second wife, lying dead of their overdoses of veronal on two pushed-together single iron bedsteads, he on his back, mouth a little agape, in a sweat-stained shirt and knitted tie, she on his shoulder in a floral wrap and clean hair, and you can practically hear the ceiling fan going round.

2010 January 28, Michael Hofmann, “Vermicular Dither”, in London Review of Books, volume 32, number 02, →ISSN:

A barbiturate, used formerly to induce sleep.


afterglow

afterglow (countable and uncountable, plural afterglows)

That the sunset in Egypt is gorgeous, every body knows; but I, for one, was not aware that there is a renewal of beauty, some time after the sun has departed and left all grey. […] everything begins to brighten again in twenty minutes;—the hills are again purple or golden,—the sands orange,—the palms verdant,—the moonlight on the water, a pale green ripple on a lilac surface: and this after-glow continues for ten minutes, when it slowly fades away.

1848, Harriet Martineau, chapter 2, in Eastern Life, Present and Past, volume 1, London: Edward Moxon, pages 17–18:

Let my thoughts come to you, when I am gone, like the afterglow of sunset at the margin of starry silence.

1916, Rabindranath Tagore, translated by Rabindranath Tagore, Stray Birds, New York: Macmillan, verse 273, p. 77:

Why did dusk and fir-scent and the afterglow of autumnal sunsets make people say absurd things?

1927, Lucy Maud Montgomery, chapter 1, in Emily’s Quest, New York: Bantam, published 1983, page 9:

At Stirling, we obtained a wonderful silhouette view of the Wallace Monument, and the dark line of the Ochil Hills, and the castle stood out clearly against the afterglow of the sunset.

1950 January, Arthur F. Beckenham, “With British Railways to the Far North”, in Railway Magazine, page 5:

The sun had just gone down, and its afterglow was backlighting the city, which formed low cliffs around the bucolic void to the idle stockyards.

1969 March 31, Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., chapter 7, in Slaughterhouse-Five […] (A Seymour Lawrence Book), New York, N.Y.: Delacorte Press, →OCLC, page 141:


magic mushroom

(informal) Any mushroom-like fungus that has psychedelic effects.


Campari

An Italian mildly bitter apéritif, coloured with cochineal, often drunk with soda water or orange juice.


Cinzano

Cinzano (countable and uncountable, plural Cinzanos)

a brand of Italian vermouth available in several versions


Fourth of July

/ˌfɔːθ‿əv d͡ʒʊˈlaɪ/

/ˌfɔɹθ‿əv d͡ʒəˈlaɪ/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Fourth of July.wav

The proper noun is probably derived from the phrase “the fourth day of July”. The common noun is derived from the proper noun.

And the Ohio State Journal reports that “it was the hottest, quietest, and safest Fourth of July that Columbus ever had. The firecracker, the gun, and the cannon did not appear, and so there was not an injured or mangled boy or dead body anywhere yesterday as a result of powder patriotism. What a happy condition for the city to be in! What a marked difference from other days, after the Fourth. It seems that these ear splitting and soul stabbing Fourth of Julys are ended; and it is well; it is very well.”

1911 July 16, “A Saner Fourth”, in The Chicago Sunday Tribune, volume LXX, number 29, Chicago, Ill.: The Tribune Company, Metropolitan Section, page 4, column 3:

MARY went in to the frail little mother and told her the news through the cotton wool in both ears. Mrs. Davis had no difficulty hearing, so beautifully penetrating is good news. The relief in her pale little face “choked” Mary. / “My dear! You are an angel, there in that white robe! All you haven’t got is wings! If you knew—if anybody but me could know the tortures Fourth of Julys are to me.[…]”

1921 July 2, Annie Hamilton Donnell, “Do-As-You-Please Day: A Fourth of July Story”, in The Christian Herald […], volume 44, number 27, New York, N.Y.: Graham Patterson, page 469, column 1:

Our Fourth of Julys are sounding different, too. Come to one of our barbeques and you might hear “Praise the Lord and Pass the Metamucil” or that ol’ patriotic favorite “Let Eardrums Ring.”

2005, Martha Bolton, “Season’s Greetings”, in Growing Your Own Turtleneck… and Other Benefits of Aging, Bloomington, Minn.: Bethany House Publishers, →ISBN, page 98:

The national holiday of Independence Day in the United States, celebrated on the fourth day in July to mark the anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence from Great Britain in 1776.


Fourth of July

/ˌfɔːθ‿əv d͡ʒʊˈlaɪ/

/ˌfɔɹθ‿əv d͡ʒəˈlaɪ/

(chiefly US) A cocktail containing one part grenadine syrup, one part vodka, and one part blue curaçao, reminiscent of the red, white, and blue colours of the United States flag, often poured in layers so that the colours do not mix when the drink is served.


antivenin

From French antivenin (“antivenom”), from anti- + venin (“venom”), popularized by Albert Calmette & al.'s 1894 work creating serums to treat snakebites. Equivalent to anti- + venin (“venom; biochemical toxin found in certain snakes”). Doublet of antivenom and antivenene.

prefix

(medicine) Synonym of antivenom, (now) particularly for snakebites containing venin.


GHB

(organic chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology) Initialism of gamma-hydroxybutyrate, often used as a date rape drug.


gamma-hydroxybutyrate

From gamma-hydroxybutyric acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

af

gamma-hydroxybutyric acid
gamma-hydroxybutyric acid

(chemistry) Any salt or ester of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, especially the sodium or potassium salts used as the drug "fantasy".

gammahydroksibutyraatti

chemstry: salt or ester of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid


pharmacologist

/ˌfɑɹməˈkɒləd͡ʒɪst/

From pharmacology + -ist.
*
 Audio (Southern England): (file)

(pharmacology) A student of pharmacology; one versed in the science of pharmacology.

farmakoloog

student of or one who is versed in pharmacology


kirsch

en-noun

kirsch (usually uncountable, plural kirsches)

Borrowed from French kirsch, from German Kirschwasser (“cherry water”). Doublet of cerise and cherry.

(often capitalized) A clear brandy made from black cherries: kirschwasser.


kanamycin

kanamycin (countable and uncountable, plural kanamycins)

From (Streptomyces) kana(myceticus) + -mycin (“antibiotic produced from a Streptomyces strain”).

af

(pharmacology) A broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic from a Japanese soil streptomyces (Streptomyces kanamyceticus), used to treat severe bacterial infections and tuberculosis.


vitamin A acid

(organic chemistry, pharmacology, biochemistry) Synonym of retinoic acid


brown ale

en-noun

brown ale (countable and uncountable, plural brown ales)

A type of beer characterised by its brown colour and rich malty, hoppy flavour with hints of caramel.


Broon

Myek mine a bottle of Broon, pet.

(Geordie) Newcastle Brown Ale, a well known brand of brown ale beer.


Broonale

Give is a bottle of Broonale, pet!


vitamin K

Named similarly to the other vitamins, that are named after their order of discovery. This one was assigned its "K" from Danish koagulation by the Danish researcher Henrik Dam.

Any of several related fat-soluble vitamins, found in leafy green vegetables, essential for blood clotting.


Bishop Barker

After Frederic Barker, who became the second Anglican bishop of Sydney, Australia, in 1855 and was noted for his height and for being a teetotaller. The expression became obsolete in the 1870s.

1898, Price Warung, Dictionary Ned, in Half-Crown Bob and Tales of the Riverine, quoted in 1970, Bill Wannan, Australian Folklore,
For a "Bishop Barker" he would compose a quatrain on any subject – a person preferred – suggested by the man who tipped him the drink […] .

Henry lays a shilling down on the wet bar towel at the Lass, asks Murwillumbah Marie for some ship′s biscuits or cheese but they don't do them on Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays any more, and he brings back two cold, foaming Bishop Barkers.

2007, Pip Wilson, Faces in the Street: Louisa and Henry Lawson and the Castlereagh Street Push, page 155:

(Australia, slang, obsolete) A very tall glass of beer.


levofloxacin

(pharmacology) A broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent (trademark Levaquin) that is the levorotatory isomer of ofloxacin.


loperamide

/ləʊˈpɛ.ɹə.mʌɪd/

From (ch)lo(ro)- + (pi)per(idine) + -amide.

(pharmacology) A synthetic antidiarrheal agent of the opiate class (trademark Imodium) that slows intestinal peristalsis and is taken orally in the form of its hydrochloride C₂₉H₃₃ClN₂O₂·HCl to control acute nonspecific diarrhea or chronic diarrhea associated with inflammatory bowel disease or to reduce fecal volume discharged from ileostomies.


Madame Bishop

Named after Anna Bishop, wife of Henry Bishop, composer of the song Home! Sweet Home!, or possibly after a publican of the same surname.

(Australia, slang, obsolete) A drink comprising port, sugar and nutmeg.

A Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English